[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163509},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method":3,"nav-reference":1672},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1665,"extension":1666,"meta":1667,"navigation":122,"path":1668,"seo":1669,"stem":1670,"__hash__":1671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1636},"minimark",[9,19,26,33,38,137,145,153,158,161,180,183,259,262,281,284,337,341,344,376,379,398,401,444,447,495,504,554,558,568,571,590,592,689,698,739,745,755,763,771,774,779,884,887,911,915,970,973,976,983,991,993,1035,1038,1059,1073,1082,1170,1173,1183,1192,1199,1204,1212,1259,1264,1274,1340,1345,1350,1363,1367,1372,1402,1405,1509,1512,1533,1537,1544,1547,1551,1556,1565,1576,1583,1586,1593,1596,1600,1632],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-index-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"index()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,27,28,29,32],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,30,31],{},"ValueError",".",[34,35,37],"h2",{"id":36},"quick-example","Quick example",[39,40,45],"pre",{"className":41,"code":42,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n","python","",[15,46,47,71,103,117,124,131],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49,52,56,60,64,68],"span",{"class":50,"line":51},"line",1,[48,53,55],{"class":54},"su5hD","text ",[48,57,59],{"class":58},"smGrS","=",[48,61,63],{"class":62},"sjJ54"," \"",[48,65,67],{"class":66},"s_sjI","hello world",[48,69,70],{"class":62},"\"\n",[48,72,74,77,79,82,85,89,92,95,98,100],{"class":50,"line":73},2,[48,75,76],{"class":54},"position ",[48,78,59],{"class":58},[48,80,81],{"class":54}," text",[48,83,32],{"class":84},"sP7_E",[48,86,88],{"class":87},"slqww","index",[48,90,91],{"class":84},"(",[48,93,94],{"class":62},"\"",[48,96,97],{"class":66},"world",[48,99,94],{"class":62},[48,101,102],{"class":84},")\n",[48,104,106,110,112,115],{"class":50,"line":105},3,[48,107,109],{"class":108},"sptTA","print",[48,111,91],{"class":84},[48,113,114],{"class":87},"position",[48,116,102],{"class":84},[48,118,120],{"class":50,"line":119},4,[48,121,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},true,"\n",[48,125,127],{"class":50,"line":126},5,[48,128,130],{"class":129},"sutJx","# Output:\n",[48,132,134],{"class":50,"line":133},6,[48,135,136],{"class":129},"# 6\n",[20,138,139,140,142,143,32],{},"Use ",[15,141,17],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,144,31],{},[34,146,148,149,152],{"id":147},"what-strindex-does","What ",[15,150,151],{},"str.index()"," does",[20,154,155,157],{},[15,156,151],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,159,160],{},"Key points:",[162,163,164,168,171,174],"ul",{},[165,166,167],"li",{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[165,169,170],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[165,172,173],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[165,175,176,177,179],{},"It raises ",[15,178,31],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,181,182],{},"Example:",[39,184,186],{"className":41,"code":185,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,187,188,201,205,233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,189,190,192,194,196,199],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,191,55],{"class":54},[48,193,59],{"class":58},[48,195,63],{"class":62},[48,197,198],{"class":66},"banana",[48,200,70],{"class":62},[48,202,203],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,204,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,206,207,209,211,214,216,218,220,222,225,227,230],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,208,109],{"class":108},[48,210,91],{"class":84},[48,212,213],{"class":87},"text",[48,215,32],{"class":84},[48,217,88],{"class":87},[48,219,91],{"class":84},[48,221,94],{"class":62},[48,223,224],{"class":66},"a",[48,226,94],{"class":62},[48,228,229],{"class":84},"))",[48,231,232],{"class":129},"     # 1\n",[48,234,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,249,252,254,256],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,236,109],{"class":108},[48,238,91],{"class":84},[48,240,213],{"class":87},[48,242,32],{"class":84},[48,244,88],{"class":87},[48,246,91],{"class":84},[48,248,94],{"class":62},[48,250,251],{"class":66},"na",[48,253,94],{"class":62},[48,255,229],{"class":84},[48,257,258],{"class":129},"    # 2\n",[20,260,261],{},"Here:",[162,263,264,273],{},[165,265,266,269,270],{},[15,267,268],{},"\"a\""," first appears at index ",[15,271,272],{},"1",[165,274,275,269,278],{},[15,276,277],{},"\"na\"",[15,279,280],{},"2",[20,282,283],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[39,285,287],{"className":41,"code":286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,288,289,302,306,332],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,290,291,293,295,297,300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,292,55],{"class":54},[48,294,59],{"class":58},[48,296,63],{"class":62},[48,298,299],{"class":66},"Hello",[48,301,70],{"class":62},[48,303,304],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,305,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,307,308,310,312,314,316,318,320,322,325,327,329],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,309,109],{"class":108},[48,311,91],{"class":84},[48,313,213],{"class":87},[48,315,32],{"class":84},[48,317,88],{"class":87},[48,319,91],{"class":84},[48,321,94],{"class":62},[48,323,324],{"class":66},"H",[48,326,94],{"class":62},[48,328,229],{"class":84},[48,330,331],{"class":129},"   # 0\n",[48,333,334],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,335,336],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[34,338,340],{"id":339},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,342,343],{},"The syntax is:",[39,345,347],{"className":41,"code":346,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,348,349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,350,351,354,356,358,360,363,366,369,371,374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,352,353],{"class":54},"string",[48,355,32],{"class":84},[48,357,88],{"class":87},[48,359,91],{"class":84},[48,361,362],{"class":87},"value",[48,364,365],{"class":84},",",[48,367,368],{"class":87}," start",[48,370,365],{"class":84},[48,372,373],{"class":87}," end",[48,375,102],{"class":84},[20,377,378],{},"Parameters:",[162,380,381,386,392],{},[165,382,383,385],{},[15,384,362],{},": the text to search for",[165,387,388,391],{},[15,389,390],{},"start",": optional starting position",[165,393,394,397],{},[15,395,396],{},"end",": optional stopping position",[20,399,400],{},"You can use just the value:",[39,402,404],{"className":41,"code":403,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,405,406,418],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,407,408,410,412,414,416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,409,55],{"class":54},[48,411,59],{"class":58},[48,413,63],{"class":62},[48,415,43],{"class":66},[48,417,70],{"class":62},[48,419,420,422,424,426,428,430,432,434,437,439,441],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,421,109],{"class":108},[48,423,91],{"class":84},[48,425,213],{"class":87},[48,427,32],{"class":84},[48,429,88],{"class":87},[48,431,91],{"class":84},[48,433,94],{"class":62},[48,435,436],{"class":66},"t",[48,438,94],{"class":62},[48,440,229],{"class":84},[48,442,443],{"class":129},"  # 2\n",[20,445,446],{},"Or include a start position:",[39,448,450],{"className":41,"code":449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,451,452,464],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,453,454,456,458,460,462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,455,55],{"class":54},[48,457,59],{"class":58},[48,459,63],{"class":62},[48,461,198],{"class":66},[48,463,70],{"class":62},[48,465,466,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,486,490,492],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,467,109],{"class":108},[48,469,91],{"class":84},[48,471,213],{"class":87},[48,473,32],{"class":84},[48,475,88],{"class":87},[48,477,91],{"class":84},[48,479,94],{"class":62},[48,481,224],{"class":66},[48,483,94],{"class":62},[48,485,365],{"class":84},[48,487,489],{"class":488},"srdBf"," 2",[48,491,229],{"class":84},[48,493,494],{"class":129},"  # 3\n",[20,496,497,498,500,501,503],{},"Or include both ",[15,499,390],{}," and ",[15,502,396],{},":",[39,505,507],{"className":41,"code":506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,508,509,521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,510,511,513,515,517,519],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,512,55],{"class":54},[48,514,59],{"class":58},[48,516,63],{"class":62},[48,518,198],{"class":66},[48,520,70],{"class":62},[48,522,523,525,527,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,550,552],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,524,109],{"class":108},[48,526,91],{"class":84},[48,528,213],{"class":87},[48,530,32],{"class":84},[48,532,88],{"class":87},[48,534,91],{"class":84},[48,536,94],{"class":62},[48,538,224],{"class":66},[48,540,94],{"class":62},[48,542,365],{"class":84},[48,544,489],{"class":488},[48,546,365],{"class":84},[48,548,549],{"class":488}," 5",[48,551,229],{"class":84},[48,553,494],{"class":129},[34,555,557],{"id":556},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,559,560,561,563,564,32],{},"The value returned by ",[15,562,17],{}," is a ",[565,566,567],"strong",{},"zero-based index",[20,569,570],{},"That means:",[162,572,573,580,585],{},[165,574,575,576,579],{},"Index ",[15,577,578],{},"0"," is the first character",[165,581,575,582,584],{},[15,583,272],{}," is the second character",[165,586,575,587,589],{},[15,588,280],{}," is the third character",[20,591,182],{},[39,593,595],{"className":41,"code":594,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,596,597,610,614,640,665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,598,599,601,603,605,608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,600,55],{"class":54},[48,602,59],{"class":58},[48,604,63],{"class":62},[48,606,607],{"class":66},"cat",[48,609,70],{"class":62},[48,611,612],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,613,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,615,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,633,635,637],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,617,109],{"class":108},[48,619,91],{"class":84},[48,621,213],{"class":87},[48,623,32],{"class":84},[48,625,88],{"class":87},[48,627,91],{"class":84},[48,629,94],{"class":62},[48,631,632],{"class":66},"c",[48,634,94],{"class":62},[48,636,229],{"class":84},[48,638,639],{"class":129},"  # 0\n",[48,641,642,644,646,648,650,652,654,656,658,660,662],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,643,109],{"class":108},[48,645,91],{"class":84},[48,647,213],{"class":87},[48,649,32],{"class":84},[48,651,88],{"class":87},[48,653,91],{"class":84},[48,655,94],{"class":62},[48,657,224],{"class":66},[48,659,94],{"class":62},[48,661,229],{"class":84},[48,663,664],{"class":129},"  # 1\n",[48,666,667,669,671,673,675,677,679,681,683,685,687],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,668,109],{"class":108},[48,670,91],{"class":84},[48,672,213],{"class":87},[48,674,32],{"class":84},[48,676,88],{"class":87},[48,678,91],{"class":84},[48,680,94],{"class":62},[48,682,436],{"class":66},[48,684,94],{"class":62},[48,686,229],{"class":84},[48,688,443],{"class":129},[20,690,691,693,694,697],{},[15,692,17],{}," returns only the ",[565,695,696],{},"first"," matching position.",[39,699,701],{"className":41,"code":700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,702,703,715],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,704,705,707,709,711,713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,706,55],{"class":54},[48,708,59],{"class":58},[48,710,63],{"class":62},[48,712,198],{"class":66},[48,714,70],{"class":62},[48,716,717,719,721,723,725,727,729,731,733,735,737],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,718,109],{"class":108},[48,720,91],{"class":84},[48,722,213],{"class":87},[48,724,32],{"class":84},[48,726,88],{"class":87},[48,728,91],{"class":84},[48,730,94],{"class":62},[48,732,224],{"class":66},[48,734,94],{"class":62},[48,736,229],{"class":84},[48,738,664],{"class":129},[20,740,741,742,744],{},"Even though ",[15,743,268],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,746,747,748,32],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[224,749,751,754],{"href":750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",[15,752,753],{},"str.count()"," method",[34,756,758,759,500,761],{"id":757},"using-start-and-end","Using ",[15,760,390],{},[15,762,396],{},[20,764,765,766,500,768,770],{},"The ",[15,767,390],{},[15,769,396],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,772,773],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,775,776,777,503],{},"Example with ",[15,778,390],{},[39,780,782],{"className":41,"code":781,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,783,784,796,800,825,854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,785,786,788,790,792,794],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,787,55],{"class":54},[48,789,59],{"class":58},[48,791,63],{"class":62},[48,793,198],{"class":66},[48,795,70],{"class":62},[48,797,798],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,799,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,801,802,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,822],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,803,109],{"class":108},[48,805,91],{"class":84},[48,807,213],{"class":87},[48,809,32],{"class":84},[48,811,88],{"class":87},[48,813,91],{"class":84},[48,815,94],{"class":62},[48,817,224],{"class":66},[48,819,94],{"class":62},[48,821,229],{"class":84},[48,823,824],{"class":129},"      # 1\n",[48,826,827,829,831,833,835,837,839,841,843,845,847,849,851],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,828,109],{"class":108},[48,830,91],{"class":84},[48,832,213],{"class":87},[48,834,32],{"class":84},[48,836,88],{"class":87},[48,838,91],{"class":84},[48,840,94],{"class":62},[48,842,224],{"class":66},[48,844,94],{"class":62},[48,846,365],{"class":84},[48,848,489],{"class":488},[48,850,229],{"class":84},[48,852,853],{"class":129},"   # 3\n",[48,855,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,879,881],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,857,109],{"class":108},[48,859,91],{"class":84},[48,861,213],{"class":87},[48,863,32],{"class":84},[48,865,88],{"class":87},[48,867,91],{"class":84},[48,869,94],{"class":62},[48,871,224],{"class":66},[48,873,94],{"class":62},[48,875,365],{"class":84},[48,877,878],{"class":488}," 4",[48,880,229],{"class":84},[48,882,883],{"class":129},"   # 5\n",[20,885,886],{},"In this example:",[162,888,889,897,903],{},[165,890,891,892,894,895],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,893,268],{}," at index ",[15,896,272],{},[165,898,899,900,902],{},"Starting at index ",[15,901,280],{}," skips that first match",[165,904,899,905,908,909],{},[15,906,907],{},"4"," finds the last ",[15,910,268],{},[20,912,776,913,503],{},[15,914,396],{},[39,916,918],{"className":41,"code":917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,919,920,932,936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,921,922,924,926,928,930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,923,55],{"class":54},[48,925,59],{"class":58},[48,927,63],{"class":62},[48,929,198],{"class":66},[48,931,70],{"class":62},[48,933,934],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,935,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,937,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,955,957,959,962,964,966,968],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,939,109],{"class":108},[48,941,91],{"class":84},[48,943,213],{"class":87},[48,945,32],{"class":84},[48,947,88],{"class":87},[48,949,91],{"class":84},[48,951,94],{"class":62},[48,953,954],{"class":66},"n",[48,956,94],{"class":62},[48,958,365],{"class":84},[48,960,961],{"class":488}," 0",[48,963,365],{"class":84},[48,965,878],{"class":488},[48,967,229],{"class":84},[48,969,443],{"class":129},[20,971,972],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,974,975],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[34,977,979,980,982],{"id":978},"when-index-causes-an-error","When ",[15,981,17],{}," causes an error",[20,984,985,986,988,989,32],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,987,17],{}," raises a ",[15,990,31],{},[20,992,182],{},[39,994,996],{"className":41,"code":995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,997,998,1011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,999,1000,1002,1004,1006,1009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1001,55],{"class":54},[48,1003,59],{"class":58},[48,1005,63],{"class":62},[48,1007,1008],{"class":66},"hello",[48,1010,70],{"class":62},[48,1012,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1030,1032],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1014,109],{"class":108},[48,1016,91],{"class":84},[48,1018,213],{"class":87},[48,1020,32],{"class":84},[48,1022,88],{"class":87},[48,1024,91],{"class":84},[48,1026,94],{"class":62},[48,1028,1029],{"class":66},"z",[48,1031,94],{"class":62},[48,1033,1034],{"class":84},"))\n",[20,1036,1037],{},"Output:",[39,1039,1041],{"className":41,"code":1040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,1042,1043],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1044,1045,1048,1050,1053,1056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1046,31],{"class":1047},"sZMiF",[48,1049,503],{"class":84},[48,1051,1052],{"class":54}," substring ",[48,1054,1055],{"class":58},"not",[48,1057,1058],{"class":54}," found\n",[20,1060,1061,1062,1068,1069,1072],{},"This is different from ",[224,1063,1065],{"href":1064},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",[15,1066,1067],{},"str.find()",", which returns ",[15,1070,1071],{},"-1"," instead of raising an error.",[20,1074,1075,1076,500,1079,503],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,1077,1078],{},"try",[15,1080,1081],{},"except",[39,1083,1085],{"className":41,"code":1084,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,1086,1087,1099,1103,1111,1134,1145,1154],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1088,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1090,55],{"class":54},[48,1092,59],{"class":58},[48,1094,63],{"class":62},[48,1096,1008],{"class":66},[48,1098,70],{"class":62},[48,1100,1101],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1102,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,1104,1105,1108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1106,1078],{"class":1107},"sVHd0",[48,1109,1110],{"class":84},":\n",[48,1112,1113,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,1114,1115],{"class":54},"    position ",[48,1117,59],{"class":58},[48,1119,81],{"class":54},[48,1121,32],{"class":84},[48,1123,88],{"class":87},[48,1125,91],{"class":84},[48,1127,94],{"class":62},[48,1129,1029],{"class":66},[48,1131,94],{"class":62},[48,1133,102],{"class":84},[48,1135,1136,1139,1141,1143],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,1137,1138],{"class":108},"    print",[48,1140,91],{"class":84},[48,1142,114],{"class":87},[48,1144,102],{"class":84},[48,1146,1147,1149,1152],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,1148,1081],{"class":1107},[48,1150,1151],{"class":1047}," ValueError",[48,1153,1110],{"class":84},[48,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1166,1168],{"class":50,"line":1156},7,[48,1158,1138],{"class":108},[48,1160,91],{"class":84},[48,1162,94],{"class":62},[48,1164,1165],{"class":66},"Substring not found",[48,1167,94],{"class":62},[48,1169,102],{"class":84},[20,1171,1172],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,1174,1175,1176,32],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[224,1177,1179,1180],{"href":1178},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix","how to fix ",[15,1181,1182],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[34,1184,1186,1188,1189],{"id":1185},"index-vs-find",[15,1187,17],{}," vs ",[15,1190,1191],{},"find()",[20,1193,1194,500,1196,1198],{},[15,1195,17],{},[15,1197,1191],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1200,1201,1202],"h3",{"id":88},[15,1203,17],{},[162,1205,1206,1209],{},[165,1207,1208],{},"Returns the first match position",[165,1210,1211],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[39,1213,1215],{"className":41,"code":1214,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,1216,1217,1229,1254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1218,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1220,55],{"class":54},[48,1222,59],{"class":58},[48,1224,63],{"class":62},[48,1226,1008],{"class":66},[48,1228,70],{"class":62},[48,1230,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1248,1250,1252],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1232,109],{"class":108},[48,1234,91],{"class":84},[48,1236,213],{"class":87},[48,1238,32],{"class":84},[48,1240,88],{"class":87},[48,1242,91],{"class":84},[48,1244,94],{"class":62},[48,1246,1247],{"class":66},"e",[48,1249,94],{"class":62},[48,1251,229],{"class":84},[48,1253,664],{"class":129},[48,1255,1256],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1257,1258],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1200,1260,1262],{"id":1261},"find",[15,1263,1191],{},[162,1265,1266,1268],{},[165,1267,1208],{},[165,1269,1270,1271,1273],{},"Returns ",[15,1272,1071],{}," if nothing is found",[39,1275,1277],{"className":41,"code":1276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,1278,1279,1291,1315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1280,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1282,55],{"class":54},[48,1284,59],{"class":58},[48,1286,63],{"class":62},[48,1288,1008],{"class":66},[48,1290,70],{"class":62},[48,1292,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1294,109],{"class":108},[48,1296,91],{"class":84},[48,1298,213],{"class":87},[48,1300,32],{"class":84},[48,1302,1261],{"class":87},[48,1304,91],{"class":84},[48,1306,94],{"class":62},[48,1308,1247],{"class":66},[48,1310,94],{"class":62},[48,1312,229],{"class":84},[48,1314,664],{"class":129},[48,1316,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1318,109],{"class":108},[48,1320,91],{"class":84},[48,1322,213],{"class":87},[48,1324,32],{"class":84},[48,1326,1261],{"class":87},[48,1328,91],{"class":84},[48,1330,94],{"class":62},[48,1332,1029],{"class":66},[48,1334,94],{"class":62},[48,1336,229],{"class":84},[48,1338,1339],{"class":129},"  # -1\n",[20,1341,139,1342,1344],{},[15,1343,17],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,1346,139,1347,1349],{},[15,1348,1191],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,1351,1352,1353,1358,1359,32],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[224,1354,1355,1357],{"href":1064},[15,1356,1067],{}," method reference"," or ",[224,1360,1362],{"href":1361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python","how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[34,1364,1366],{"id":1365},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1368,1369,1370,503],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,1371,17],{},[162,1373,1374,1377,1386,1391,1396],{},[165,1375,1376],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[165,1378,1379,1380,1382,1383,1385],{},"Expecting ",[15,1381,17],{}," to return ",[15,1384,1071],{}," when no match exists",[165,1387,758,1388,1390],{},[15,1389,17],{}," on a value that may not be present",[165,1392,1393,1394],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,1395,272],{},[165,1397,1398,1399,1401],{},"Assuming ",[15,1400,17],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,1403,1404],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[39,1406,1408],{"className":41,"code":1407,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,1409,1410,1420,1435,1457,1479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1411,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1413,109],{"class":108},[48,1415,91],{"class":84},[48,1417,213],{"class":87},[48,1419,102],{"class":84},[48,1421,1422,1424,1426,1429,1431,1433],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1423,109],{"class":108},[48,1425,91],{"class":84},[48,1427,1428],{"class":108},"repr",[48,1430,91],{"class":84},[48,1432,213],{"class":87},[48,1434,1034],{"class":84},[48,1436,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1438,109],{"class":108},[48,1440,91],{"class":84},[48,1442,213],{"class":87},[48,1444,32],{"class":84},[48,1446,88],{"class":87},[48,1448,91],{"class":84},[48,1450,94],{"class":62},[48,1452,362],{"class":66},[48,1454,94],{"class":62},[48,1456,1034],{"class":84},[48,1458,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,1460,109],{"class":108},[48,1462,91],{"class":84},[48,1464,213],{"class":87},[48,1466,32],{"class":84},[48,1468,1261],{"class":87},[48,1470,91],{"class":84},[48,1472,94],{"class":62},[48,1474,362],{"class":66},[48,1476,94],{"class":62},[48,1478,1034],{"class":84},[48,1480,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,1482,109],{"class":108},[48,1484,91],{"class":84},[48,1486,213],{"class":87},[48,1488,32],{"class":84},[48,1490,88],{"class":87},[48,1492,91],{"class":84},[48,1494,94],{"class":62},[48,1496,362],{"class":66},[48,1498,94],{"class":62},[48,1500,365],{"class":84},[48,1502,368],{"class":87},[48,1504,365],{"class":84},[48,1506,373],{"class":87},[48,1508,1034],{"class":84},[20,1510,1511],{},"Tips:",[162,1513,1514,1520,1525,1528],{},[165,1515,139,1516,1519],{},[15,1517,1518],{},"print(repr(text))"," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[165,1521,139,1522,1524],{},[15,1523,1191],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[165,1526,1527],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[165,1529,1530,1531],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,1532,578],{},[34,1534,1536],{"id":1535},"faq","FAQ",[1200,1538,1540,1541,1543],{"id":1539},"what-does-python-string-index-return","What does Python string ",[15,1542,17],{}," return?",[20,1545,1546],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1200,1548,1550],{"id":1549},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,1552,1553,1554,32],{},"Python raises a ",[15,1555,31],{},[1200,1557,1559,1560,500,1562,1564],{"id":1558},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find","What is the difference between ",[15,1561,17],{},[15,1563,1191],{},"?",[20,1566,1567,1569,1570,1572,1573,1575],{},[15,1568,17],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,1571,1191],{}," returns ",[15,1574,1071],{}," instead.",[1200,1577,1579,1580,1582],{"id":1578},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character","Can ",[15,1581,17],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,1584,1585],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1200,1587,1589,1590,1592],{"id":1588},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,1591,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,1594,1595],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[34,1597,1599],{"id":1598},"see-also","See also",[162,1601,1602,1608,1613,1619,1625],{},[165,1603,1604],{},[224,1605,1606,754],{"href":1064},[15,1607,1067],{},[165,1609,1610],{},[224,1611,1612],{"href":1361},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[165,1614,1615],{},[224,1616,1618],{"href":1617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python","How to split a string in Python",[165,1620,1621],{},[224,1622,1623,754],{"href":750},[15,1624,753],{},[165,1626,1627],{},[224,1628,1629,1630],{"href":1178},"Fix ",[15,1631,1182],{},[1633,1634,1635],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":1637},[1638,1639,1641,1642,1643,1645,1647,1652,1653,1664],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":147,"depth":73,"text":1640},"What str.index() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557},{"id":757,"depth":73,"text":1644},"Using start and end",{"id":978,"depth":73,"text":1646},"When index() causes an error",{"id":1185,"depth":73,"text":1648,"children":1649},"index() vs find()",[1650,1651],{"id":88,"depth":105,"text":17},{"id":1261,"depth":105,"text":1191},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":1654},[1655,1657,1658,1660,1662],{"id":1539,"depth":105,"text":1656},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":1549,"depth":105,"text":1550},{"id":1558,"depth":105,"text":1659},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":1578,"depth":105,"text":1661},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":1588,"depth":105,"text":1663},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":5,"description":1665},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",[1673,3269,4983,6680,8821,11023,12541,14718,16925,19384,21220,23785,25883,28164,30106,32017,34014,35451,37276,39799,41957,43185,44555,46202,48523,50367,52341,54033,55286,56980,58729,60698,62446,64545,65897,67848,69411,71402,73197,75097,77537,79615,82255,84284,86247,88435,90439,92751,94433,95878,97072,98250,100090,102530,104234,106249,107773,109018,110181,111563,113634,115531,117305,119171,121290,123030,124484,126076,127998,129665,131600,132974,135758,137335,138894,140922,142874,144337,145526,147412,148823,150519,152073,153495,154898,156796,159190,161021],{"id":1674,"title":1675,"body":1676,"description":3263,"extension":1666,"meta":3264,"navigation":122,"path":3265,"seo":3266,"stem":3267,"__hash__":3268},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1677,"toc":3235},[1678,1681,1687,1690,1701,1704,1706,1771,1773,1793,1798,1802,1807,1809,1824,1827,1853,1856,1858,1860,1876,1878,1905,1907,1967,1969,1984,1994,2005,2009,2012,2066,2068,2088,2091,2114,2121,2125,2130,2136,2138,2175,2177,2186,2192,2209,2212,2224,2228,2233,2237,2240,2261,2263,2321,2323,2331,2334,2338,2370,2372,2380,2383,2387,2392,2440,2442,2450,2454,2514,2516,2524,2527,2529,2533,2536,2559,2568,2583,2634,2636,2651,2662,2666,2669,2698,2705,2709,2714,2755,2757,2768,2771,2814,2816,2824,2828,2833,2855,2857,2866,2875,2879,2884,2906,2908,2979,2981,3033,3036,3039,3042,3121,3123,3154,3156,3160,3163,3167,3170,3174,3177,3181,3193,3197,3200,3202,3232],[10,1679,1675],{"id":1680},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1682,765,1683,1686],{},[15,1684,1685],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1688,1689],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[162,1691,1692,1695,1698],{},[165,1693,1694],{},"a number without its negative sign",[165,1696,1697],{},"the distance between two numbers",[165,1699,1700],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1702,1703],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[34,1705,37],{"id":36},[39,1707,1709],{"className":41,"code":1708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1710,1711,1730,1745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1712,1713,1715,1717,1720,1722,1725,1728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1714,109],{"class":108},[48,1716,91],{"class":84},[48,1718,1719],{"class":108},"abs",[48,1721,91],{"class":84},[48,1723,1724],{"class":58},"-",[48,1726,1727],{"class":488},"7",[48,1729,1034],{"class":84},[48,1731,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1743],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1733,109],{"class":108},[48,1735,91],{"class":84},[48,1737,1719],{"class":108},[48,1739,91],{"class":84},[48,1741,1742],{"class":488},"3.5",[48,1744,1034],{"class":84},[48,1746,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1762,1765,1769],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1748,109],{"class":108},[48,1750,91],{"class":84},[48,1752,1719],{"class":108},[48,1754,91],{"class":84},[48,1756,1724],{"class":58},[48,1758,280],{"class":488},[48,1760,1761],{"class":58},"+",[48,1763,1764],{"class":488},"3",[48,1766,1768],{"class":1767},"sbsja","j",[48,1770,1034],{"class":84},[20,1772,1037],{},[39,1774,1776],{"className":41,"code":1775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1777,1778,1783,1788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1779,1780],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1781,1782],{"class":488},"7\n",[48,1784,1785],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1786,1787],{"class":488},"3.5\n",[48,1789,1790],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1791,1792],{"class":488},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1794,139,1795,1797],{},[15,1796,1685],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[34,1799,1801],{"id":1800},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1803,1804,1806],{},[15,1805,1685],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1808,570],{},[162,1810,1811,1814,1817],{},[165,1812,1813],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[165,1815,1816],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[165,1818,1819,1821,1822],{},[15,1820,578],{}," stays ",[15,1823,578],{},[20,1825,1826],{},"Examples:",[162,1828,1829,1838,1846],{},[165,1830,1831,1834,1835],{},[15,1832,1833],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1836,1837],{},"5",[165,1839,1840,1834,1843],{},[15,1841,1842],{},"abs(9)",[15,1844,1845],{},"9",[165,1847,1848,1834,1851],{},[15,1849,1850],{},"abs(0)",[15,1852,578],{},[20,1854,1855],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[34,1857,340],{"id":339},[20,1859,343],{},[39,1861,1863],{"className":41,"code":1862,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abs(x)\n",[15,1864,1865],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1866,1867,1869,1871,1874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1868,1719],{"class":108},[48,1870,91],{"class":84},[48,1872,1873],{"class":87},"x",[48,1875,102],{"class":84},[20,1877,261],{},[162,1879,1880,1897,1902],{},[165,1881,1882,1884,1885,1888,1889,1892,1893,1896],{},[15,1883,1873],{}," is usually an ",[15,1886,1887],{},"int",", ",[15,1890,1891],{},"float",", or ",[15,1894,1895],{},"complex"," number",[165,1898,1899,1901],{},[15,1900,1685],{}," returns a new value",[165,1903,1904],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1906,182],{},[39,1908,1910],{"className":41,"code":1909,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1911,1912,1925,1942,1946,1956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1913,1914,1917,1919,1922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1915,1916],{"class":54},"number ",[48,1918,59],{"class":58},[48,1920,1921],{"class":58}," -",[48,1923,1924],{"class":488},"12\n",[48,1926,1927,1930,1932,1935,1937,1940],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1928,1929],{"class":54},"result ",[48,1931,59],{"class":58},[48,1933,1934],{"class":108}," abs",[48,1936,91],{"class":84},[48,1938,1939],{"class":87},"number",[48,1941,102],{"class":84},[48,1943,1944],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,1945,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,1947,1948,1950,1952,1954],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,1949,109],{"class":108},[48,1951,91],{"class":84},[48,1953,1939],{"class":87},[48,1955,102],{"class":84},[48,1957,1958,1960,1962,1965],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,1959,109],{"class":108},[48,1961,91],{"class":84},[48,1963,1964],{"class":87},"result",[48,1966,102],{"class":84},[20,1968,1037],{},[39,1970,1972],{"className":41,"code":1971,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-12\n12\n",[15,1973,1974,1980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,1975,1976,1978],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,1977,1724],{"class":58},[48,1979,1924],{"class":488},[48,1981,1982],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,1983,1924],{"class":488},[20,1985,1986,1987,1989,1990,1993],{},"Notice that ",[15,1988,1939],{}," is still ",[15,1991,1992],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1995,1996,1997,2004],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[224,1998,2000,2003],{"href":1999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2001,2002],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[34,2006,2008],{"id":2007},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2010,2011],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[39,2013,2015],{"className":41,"code":2014,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2016,2017,2034,2049],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2018,2019,2021,2023,2025,2027,2029,2032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2020,109],{"class":108},[48,2022,91],{"class":84},[48,2024,1719],{"class":108},[48,2026,91],{"class":84},[48,2028,1724],{"class":58},[48,2030,2031],{"class":488},"10",[48,2033,1034],{"class":84},[48,2035,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2047],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2037,109],{"class":108},[48,2039,91],{"class":84},[48,2041,1719],{"class":108},[48,2043,91],{"class":84},[48,2045,2046],{"class":488},"8",[48,2048,1034],{"class":84},[48,2050,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2064],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2052,109],{"class":108},[48,2054,91],{"class":84},[48,2056,1719],{"class":108},[48,2058,91],{"class":84},[48,2060,1724],{"class":58},[48,2062,2063],{"class":488},"4.2",[48,2065,1034],{"class":84},[20,2067,1037],{},[39,2069,2071],{"className":41,"code":2070,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2072,2073,2078,2083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2074,2075],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2076,2077],{"class":488},"10\n",[48,2079,2080],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2081,2082],{"class":488},"8\n",[48,2084,2085],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2086,2087],{"class":488},"4.2\n",[20,2089,2090],{},"What each line does:",[162,2092,2093,2100,2107],{},[165,2094,2095,1572,2098],{},[15,2096,2097],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2099,2031],{},[165,2101,2102,1572,2105],{},[15,2103,2104],{},"abs(8)",[15,2106,2046],{},[165,2108,2109,1572,2112],{},[15,2110,2111],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2113,2063],{},[20,2115,2116,2117,32],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[224,2118,2120],{"href":2119},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[34,2122,2124],{"id":2123},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2126,2127,2129],{},[15,2128,1685],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2131,2132,2133,2135],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2134,578],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2137,182],{},[39,2139,2141],{"className":41,"code":2140,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2142,2143,2161],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2144,2145,2148,2150,2153,2156,2158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2146,2147],{"class":54},"value ",[48,2149,59],{"class":58},[48,2151,2152],{"class":488}," 3",[48,2154,2155],{"class":58}," +",[48,2157,878],{"class":488},[48,2159,2160],{"class":1767},"j\n",[48,2162,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2164,109],{"class":108},[48,2166,91],{"class":84},[48,2168,1719],{"class":108},[48,2170,91],{"class":84},[48,2172,362],{"class":87},[48,2174,1034],{"class":84},[20,2176,1037],{},[39,2178,2180],{"className":41,"code":2179,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n",[15,2181,2182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2183,2184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2185,2179],{"class":488},[20,2187,2188,2189,1564],{},"Why ",[15,2190,2191],{},"5.0",[162,2193,2194,2199,2204],{},[165,2195,2196,2197],{},"the real part is ",[15,2198,1764],{},[165,2200,2201,2202],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2203,907],{},[165,2205,2206,2207],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2208,2191],{},[20,2210,2211],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[162,2213,2214,2221],{},[165,2215,2216,2218,2219],{},[15,2217,1685],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2220,1891],{},[165,2222,2223],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[34,2225,2227],{"id":2226},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2229,2230,2231,32],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2232,1685],{},[1200,2234,2236],{"id":2235},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2238,2239],{},"A very common pattern is:",[39,2241,2243],{"className":41,"code":2242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2244,2245],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2246,2247,2249,2251,2254,2256,2259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2248,1719],{"class":108},[48,2250,91],{"class":84},[48,2252,2253],{"class":87},"a ",[48,2255,1724],{"class":58},[48,2257,2258],{"class":87}," b",[48,2260,102],{"class":84},[20,2262,182],{},[39,2264,2266],{"className":41,"code":2265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2267,2268,2277,2287,2291,2310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2269,2270,2272,2274],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2271,2253],{"class":54},[48,2273,59],{"class":58},[48,2275,2276],{"class":488}," 3\n",[48,2278,2279,2282,2284],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2280,2281],{"class":54},"b ",[48,2283,59],{"class":58},[48,2285,2286],{"class":488}," 10\n",[48,2288,2289],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2290,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,2292,2293,2296,2298,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,2294,2295],{"class":54},"distance ",[48,2297,59],{"class":58},[48,2299,1934],{"class":108},[48,2301,91],{"class":84},[48,2303,2253],{"class":87},[48,2305,1724],{"class":58},[48,2307,2258],{"class":87},[48,2309,102],{"class":84},[48,2311,2312,2314,2316,2319],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,2313,109],{"class":108},[48,2315,91],{"class":84},[48,2317,2318],{"class":87},"distance",[48,2320,102],{"class":84},[20,2322,1037],{},[39,2324,2325],{"className":41,"code":1782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,2326,2327],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2328,2329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2330,1782],{"class":488},[20,2332,2333],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1200,2335,2337],{"id":2336},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[39,2339,2341],{"className":41,"code":2340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2342,2343,2355],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2344,2345,2348,2350,2352],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2346,2347],{"class":54},"temperature_change ",[48,2349,59],{"class":58},[48,2351,1921],{"class":58},[48,2353,2354],{"class":488},"6\n",[48,2356,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2368],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2358,109],{"class":108},[48,2360,91],{"class":84},[48,2362,1719],{"class":108},[48,2364,91],{"class":84},[48,2366,2367],{"class":87},"temperature_change",[48,2369,1034],{"class":84},[20,2371,1037],{},[39,2373,2374],{"className":41,"code":2354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,2375,2376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2377,2378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2379,2354],{"class":488},[20,2381,2382],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1200,2384,2386],{"id":2385},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2388,2389,2390,2004],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2391,1685],{},[39,2393,2395],{"className":41,"code":2394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2396,2397,2409,2425,2429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2398,2399,2402,2404,2406],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2400,2401],{"class":54},"balance_change ",[48,2403,59],{"class":58},[48,2405,1921],{"class":58},[48,2407,2408],{"class":488},"25\n",[48,2410,2411,2414,2416,2418,2420,2423],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2412,2413],{"class":54},"safe_value ",[48,2415,59],{"class":58},[48,2417,1934],{"class":108},[48,2419,91],{"class":84},[48,2421,2422],{"class":87},"balance_change",[48,2424,102],{"class":84},[48,2426,2427],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2428,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,2430,2431,2433,2435,2438],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,2432,109],{"class":108},[48,2434,91],{"class":84},[48,2436,2437],{"class":87},"safe_value",[48,2439,102],{"class":84},[20,2441,1037],{},[39,2443,2444],{"className":41,"code":2408,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,2445,2446],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2447,2448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2449,2408],{"class":488},[1200,2451,2453],{"id":2452},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[39,2455,2457],{"className":41,"code":2456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2458,2459,2469,2479,2483,2503],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2460,2461,2464,2466],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2462,2463],{"class":54},"guess ",[48,2465,59],{"class":58},[48,2467,2468],{"class":488}," 42\n",[48,2470,2471,2474,2476],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2472,2473],{"class":54},"target ",[48,2475,59],{"class":58},[48,2477,2478],{"class":488}," 50\n",[48,2480,2481],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2482,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,2484,2485,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2501],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,2486,2487],{"class":54},"difference ",[48,2489,59],{"class":58},[48,2491,1934],{"class":108},[48,2493,91],{"class":84},[48,2495,2463],{"class":87},[48,2497,1724],{"class":58},[48,2499,2500],{"class":87}," target",[48,2502,102],{"class":84},[48,2504,2505,2507,2509,2512],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,2506,109],{"class":108},[48,2508,91],{"class":84},[48,2510,2511],{"class":87},"difference",[48,2513,102],{"class":84},[20,2515,1037],{},[39,2517,2518],{"className":41,"code":2082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,2519,2520],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2521,2522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2523,2082],{"class":488},[20,2525,2526],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[34,2528,1366],{"id":1365},[1200,2530,2532],{"id":2531},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2534,2535],{},"This causes an error:",[39,2537,2539],{"className":41,"code":2538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2540,2541],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2542,2543,2545,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555,2557],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2544,109],{"class":108},[48,2546,91],{"class":84},[48,2548,1719],{"class":108},[48,2550,91],{"class":84},[48,2552,94],{"class":62},[48,2554,1837],{"class":66},[48,2556,94],{"class":62},[48,2558,1034],{"class":84},[20,2560,2561,2564,2565,2567],{},[15,2562,2563],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2566,1685],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2569,2570,2571,1358,2577,503],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[224,2572,2574],{"href":2573},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2575,2576],{},"int()",[224,2578,2580],{"href":2579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2581,2582],{},"float()",[39,2584,2586],{"className":41,"code":2585,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2587,2588,2611],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2589,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602,2604,2606,2608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2591,109],{"class":108},[48,2593,91],{"class":84},[48,2595,1719],{"class":108},[48,2597,91],{"class":84},[48,2599,1887],{"class":1047},[48,2601,91],{"class":84},[48,2603,94],{"class":62},[48,2605,1837],{"class":66},[48,2607,94],{"class":62},[48,2609,2610],{"class":84},")))\n",[48,2612,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2630,2632],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2614,109],{"class":108},[48,2616,91],{"class":84},[48,2618,1719],{"class":108},[48,2620,91],{"class":84},[48,2622,1891],{"class":1047},[48,2624,91],{"class":84},[48,2626,94],{"class":62},[48,2628,2629],{"class":66},"-3.2",[48,2631,94],{"class":62},[48,2633,2610],{"class":84},[20,2635,1037],{},[39,2637,2639],{"className":41,"code":2638,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2640,2641,2646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2642,2643],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2644,2645],{"class":488},"5\n",[48,2647,2648],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2649,2650],{"class":488},"3.2\n",[20,2652,2653,2654,2657,2658,32],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2655,2656],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[224,2659,2661],{"href":2660},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1200,2663,2665],{"id":2664},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2667,2668],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[39,2670,2672],{"className":41,"code":2671,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2673,2674],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2677,109],{"class":108},[48,2679,91],{"class":84},[48,2681,1719],{"class":108},[48,2683,2684],{"class":84},"([",[48,2686,272],{"class":488},[48,2688,365],{"class":84},[48,2690,489],{"class":488},[48,2692,365],{"class":84},[48,2694,2152],{"class":488},[48,2696,2697],{"class":84},"]))\n",[20,2699,2700,2701,2704],{},"This raises a ",[15,2702,2703],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1200,2706,2708],{"id":2707},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2710,2711,2713],{},[15,2712,1685],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[39,2715,2717],{"className":41,"code":2716,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2718,2719,2731,2741,2745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2720,2721,2724,2726,2728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2722,2723],{"class":54},"x ",[48,2725,59],{"class":58},[48,2727,1921],{"class":58},[48,2729,2730],{"class":488},"9\n",[48,2732,2733,2735,2737,2739],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2734,1719],{"class":108},[48,2736,91],{"class":84},[48,2738,1873],{"class":87},[48,2740,102],{"class":84},[48,2742,2743],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2744,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,2746,2747,2749,2751,2753],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,2748,109],{"class":108},[48,2750,91],{"class":84},[48,2752,1873],{"class":87},[48,2754,102],{"class":84},[20,2756,1037],{},[39,2758,2760],{"className":41,"code":2759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-9\n",[15,2761,2762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2763,2764,2766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2765,1724],{"class":58},[48,2767,2730],{"class":488},[20,2769,2770],{},"If you want to store the result:",[39,2772,2774],{"className":41,"code":2773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2775,2776,2786,2800,2804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2777,2778,2780,2782,2784],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2779,2723],{"class":54},[48,2781,59],{"class":58},[48,2783,1921],{"class":58},[48,2785,2730],{"class":488},[48,2787,2788,2790,2792,2794,2796,2798],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2789,2723],{"class":54},[48,2791,59],{"class":58},[48,2793,1934],{"class":108},[48,2795,91],{"class":84},[48,2797,1873],{"class":87},[48,2799,102],{"class":84},[48,2801,2802],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2803,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,2805,2806,2808,2810,2812],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,2807,109],{"class":108},[48,2809,91],{"class":84},[48,2811,1873],{"class":87},[48,2813,102],{"class":84},[20,2815,1037],{},[39,2817,2818],{"className":41,"code":2730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,2819,2820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2821,2822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2823,2730],{"class":488},[1200,2825,2827],{"id":2826},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2829,2830,2832],{},[15,2831,1685],{}," does not round numbers.",[39,2834,2836],{"className":41,"code":2835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2837,2838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2839,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2853],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2841,109],{"class":108},[48,2843,91],{"class":84},[48,2845,1719],{"class":108},[48,2847,91],{"class":84},[48,2849,1724],{"class":58},[48,2851,2852],{"class":488},"4.7",[48,2854,1034],{"class":84},[20,2856,1037],{},[39,2858,2860],{"className":41,"code":2859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4.7\n",[15,2861,2862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2863,2864],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2865,2859],{"class":488},[20,2867,2868,2869,2871,2872,2874],{},"If you expected ",[15,2870,1837],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2873,1685],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[34,2876,2878],{"id":2877},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2880,2881,2883],{},[15,2882,1685],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[162,2885,2886,2893,2900],{},[165,2887,2888,2890,2891],{},[15,2889,1887],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2892,1887],{},[165,2894,2895,2897,2898],{},[15,2896,1891],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2899,1891],{},[165,2901,2902,2897,2904],{},[15,2903,1895],{},[15,2905,1891],{},[20,2907,182],{},[39,2909,2911],{"className":41,"code":2910,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2912,2913,2934,2955],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2914,2915,2917,2919,2922,2924,2926,2928,2930,2932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2916,109],{"class":108},[48,2918,91],{"class":84},[48,2920,2921],{"class":1047},"type",[48,2923,91],{"class":84},[48,2925,1719],{"class":108},[48,2927,91],{"class":84},[48,2929,1724],{"class":58},[48,2931,1837],{"class":488},[48,2933,2610],{"class":84},[48,2935,2936,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2953],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,2937,109],{"class":108},[48,2939,91],{"class":84},[48,2941,2921],{"class":1047},[48,2943,91],{"class":84},[48,2945,1719],{"class":108},[48,2947,91],{"class":84},[48,2949,1724],{"class":58},[48,2951,2952],{"class":488},"3.2",[48,2954,2610],{"class":84},[48,2956,2957,2959,2961,2963,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,2958,109],{"class":108},[48,2960,91],{"class":84},[48,2962,2921],{"class":1047},[48,2964,91],{"class":84},[48,2966,1719],{"class":108},[48,2968,91],{"class":84},[48,2970,1764],{"class":488},[48,2972,2155],{"class":58},[48,2974,878],{"class":488},[48,2976,1768],{"class":1767},[48,2978,2610],{"class":84},[20,2980,1037],{},[39,2982,2984],{"className":41,"code":2983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2985,2986,3005,3019],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,2987,2988,2991,2994,2997,2999,3002],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,2989,2990],{"class":58},"\u003C",[48,2992,2993],{"class":1767},"class",[48,2995,2996],{"class":62}," '",[48,2998,1887],{"class":66},[48,3000,3001],{"class":62},"'",[48,3003,3004],{"class":58},">\n",[48,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3008,2990],{"class":58},[48,3010,2993],{"class":1767},[48,3012,2996],{"class":62},[48,3014,1891],{"class":66},[48,3016,3001],{"class":62},[48,3018,3004],{"class":58},[48,3020,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3022,2990],{"class":58},[48,3024,2993],{"class":1767},[48,3026,2996],{"class":62},[48,3028,1891],{"class":66},[48,3030,3001],{"class":62},[48,3032,3004],{"class":58},[20,3034,3035],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3037,3038],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3040,3041],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[39,3043,3045],{"className":41,"code":3044,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3046,3047,3060,3070,3084,3088,3102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3048,3049,3051,3053,3055,3058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3050,2147],{"class":54},[48,3052,59],{"class":58},[48,3054,63],{"class":62},[48,3056,3057],{"class":66},"-5",[48,3059,70],{"class":62},[48,3061,3062,3064,3066,3068],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3063,109],{"class":108},[48,3065,91],{"class":84},[48,3067,362],{"class":87},[48,3069,102],{"class":84},[48,3071,3072,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3073,109],{"class":108},[48,3075,91],{"class":84},[48,3077,2921],{"class":1047},[48,3079,91],{"class":84},[48,3081,362],{"class":87},[48,3083,1034],{"class":84},[48,3085,3086],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,3087,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,3089,3090,3093,3095,3097,3100],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,3091,3092],{"class":54},"user_input ",[48,3094,59],{"class":58},[48,3096,63],{"class":62},[48,3098,3099],{"class":66},"-3.7",[48,3101,70],{"class":62},[48,3103,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3119],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,3105,109],{"class":108},[48,3107,91],{"class":84},[48,3109,1719],{"class":108},[48,3111,91],{"class":84},[48,3113,1891],{"class":1047},[48,3115,91],{"class":84},[48,3117,3118],{"class":87},"user_input",[48,3120,2610],{"class":84},[20,3122,1037],{},[39,3124,3126],{"className":41,"code":3125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3127,3128,3134,3149],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3129,3130,3132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3131,1724],{"class":58},[48,3133,2645],{"class":488},[48,3135,3136,3138,3140,3142,3145,3147],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3137,2990],{"class":58},[48,3139,2993],{"class":1767},[48,3141,2996],{"class":62},[48,3143,3144],{"class":66},"str",[48,3146,3001],{"class":62},[48,3148,3004],{"class":58},[48,3150,3151],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3152,3153],{"class":488},"3.7\n",[34,3155,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,3157,3159],{"id":3158},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3161,3162],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1200,3164,3166],{"id":3165},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3168,3169],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1200,3171,3173],{"id":3172},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3175,3176],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1200,3178,3180],{"id":3179},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3182,3183,3185,3186,1358,3188,3190,3191,32],{},[15,3184,2656],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3187,2576],{},[15,3189,2582],{}," before using ",[15,3192,1685],{},[1200,3194,3196],{"id":3195},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3198,3199],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[34,3201,1599],{"id":1598},[162,3203,3204,3211,3217,3223,3228],{},[165,3205,3206],{},[224,3207,3208,3210],{"href":2573},[15,3209,2576],{}," function explained",[165,3212,3213],{},[224,3214,3215,3210],{"href":2579},[15,3216,2582],{},[165,3218,3219],{},[224,3220,3221,3210],{"href":1999},[15,3222,2002],{},[165,3224,3225],{},[224,3226,3227],{"href":2660},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[165,3229,3230],{},[224,3231,2120],{"href":2119},[1633,3233,3234],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":3236},[3237,3238,3239,3240,3241,3242,3248,3254,3255,3262],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":1800,"depth":73,"text":1801},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":2007,"depth":73,"text":2008},{"id":2123,"depth":73,"text":2124},{"id":2226,"depth":73,"text":2227,"children":3243},[3244,3245,3246,3247],{"id":2235,"depth":105,"text":2236},{"id":2336,"depth":105,"text":2337},{"id":2385,"depth":105,"text":2386},{"id":2452,"depth":105,"text":2453},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":3249},[3250,3251,3252,3253],{"id":2531,"depth":105,"text":2532},{"id":2664,"depth":105,"text":2665},{"id":2707,"depth":105,"text":2708},{"id":2826,"depth":105,"text":2827},{"id":2877,"depth":73,"text":2878},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":3256},[3257,3258,3259,3260,3261],{"id":3158,"depth":105,"text":3159},{"id":3165,"depth":105,"text":3166},{"id":3172,"depth":105,"text":3173},{"id":3179,"depth":105,"text":3180},{"id":3195,"depth":105,"text":3196},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1675,"description":3263},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3270,"title":3271,"body":3272,"description":4977,"extension":1666,"meta":4978,"navigation":122,"path":4979,"seo":4980,"stem":4981,"__hash__":4982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3273,"toc":4941},[3274,3282,3288,3291,3308,3312,3370,3380,3385,3389,3408,3411,3428,3431,3435,3443,3460,3463,3503,3506,3513,3519,3594,3596,3628,3634,3638,3642,3681,3683,3692,3699,3703,3742,3744,3753,3763,3767,3822,3824,3832,3835,3838,3885,3887,3895,3901,3908,3913,3916,3919,3986,3988,3996,3999,4066,4068,4076,4090,4093,4104,4108,4114,4117,4119,4135,4137,4145,4148,4151,4154,4171,4174,4177,4207,4209,4222,4226,4230,4233,4248,4253,4256,4283,4289,4292,4331,4337,4343,4351,4354,4406,4413,4478,4483,4492,4495,4513,4519,4522,4664,4670,4675,4678,4689,4692,4748,4750,4758,4761,4820,4822,4830,4833,4844,4846,4853,4862,4871,4874,4880,4883,4891,4904,4906,4938],[10,3275,3277,3278,3281],{"id":3276},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3279,3280],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3283,3284,3285,3287],{},"Python’s ",[15,3286,3280],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3289,3290],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[162,3292,3293,3296,3299],{},[165,3294,3295],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[165,3297,3298],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[165,3300,3301,1572,3304,3307],{},[15,3302,3303],{},"all([])",[15,3305,3306],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[34,3309,3311],{"id":3310},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[39,3313,3315],{"className":41,"code":3314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3316,3317,3340,3356],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3318,3319,3322,3324,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335,3337],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3320,3321],{"class":54},"numbers ",[48,3323,59],{"class":58},[48,3325,3326],{"class":84}," [",[48,3328,272],{"class":488},[48,3330,365],{"class":84},[48,3332,489],{"class":488},[48,3334,365],{"class":84},[48,3336,2152],{"class":488},[48,3338,3339],{"class":84},"]\n",[48,3341,3342,3344,3346,3349,3351,3354],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3343,1929],{"class":54},[48,3345,59],{"class":58},[48,3347,3348],{"class":108}," all",[48,3350,91],{"class":84},[48,3352,3353],{"class":87},"numbers",[48,3355,102],{"class":84},[48,3357,3358,3360,3362,3364,3367],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3359,109],{"class":108},[48,3361,91],{"class":84},[48,3363,1964],{"class":87},[48,3365,3366],{"class":84},")",[48,3368,3369],{"class":129},"  # True\n",[20,3371,3372,1572,3374,3376,3377,32],{},[15,3373,3280],{},[15,3375,3306],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3378,3379],{},"False",[34,3381,148,3383,152],{"id":3382},"what-all-does",[15,3384,3280],{},[20,3386,3387,503],{},[15,3388,3280],{},[162,3390,3391,3394,3400,3405],{},[165,3392,3393],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[165,3395,3396,3397,3399],{},"returns ",[15,3398,3306],{}," if all items are truthy",[165,3401,3396,3402,3404],{},[15,3403,3379],{}," if any item is falsy",[165,3406,3407],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3409,3410],{},"Basic syntax:",[39,3412,3414],{"className":41,"code":3413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3415,3416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3417,3418,3421,3423,3426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3419,3420],{"class":108},"all",[48,3422,91],{"class":84},[48,3424,3425],{"class":87},"iterable",[48,3427,102],{"class":84},[20,3429,3430],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[34,3432,3434],{"id":3433},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3436,3437,3438,1358,3440,3442],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3439,3306],{},[15,3441,3379],{}," in conditions.",[162,3444,3445,3453],{},[165,3446,3447,3450,3451],{},[565,3448,3449],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3452,3306],{},[165,3454,3455,3450,3458],{},[565,3456,3457],{},"Falsy",[15,3459,3379],{},[20,3461,3462],{},"Common falsy values include:",[162,3464,3465,3469,3474,3479,3484,3488,3493,3498],{},[165,3466,3467],{},[15,3468,578],{},[165,3470,3471],{},[15,3472,3473],{},"0.0",[165,3475,3476],{},[15,3477,3478],{},"''",[165,3480,3481],{},[15,3482,3483],{},"None",[165,3485,3486],{},[15,3487,3379],{},[165,3489,3490],{},[15,3491,3492],{},"[]",[165,3494,3495],{},[15,3496,3497],{},"{}",[165,3499,3500],{},[15,3501,3502],{},"set()",[20,3504,3505],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3507,3508,3509,32],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[224,3510,3512],{"href":3511},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3514,3515,3516,503],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3517,3518],{},"bool()",[39,3520,3522],{"className":41,"code":3521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3523,3524,3560,3564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3525,3526,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554,3558],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3527,3528],{"class":54},"values ",[48,3530,59],{"class":58},[48,3532,3326],{"class":84},[48,3534,272],{"class":488},[48,3536,365],{"class":84},[48,3538,961],{"class":488},[48,3540,365],{"class":84},[48,3542,3543],{"class":62}," ''",[48,3545,365],{"class":84},[48,3547,2996],{"class":62},[48,3549,1008],{"class":66},[48,3551,3001],{"class":62},[48,3553,365],{"class":84},[48,3555,3557],{"class":3556},"s39Yj"," None",[48,3559,3339],{"class":84},[48,3561,3562],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3563,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,3565,3566,3568,3570,3573,3575,3577,3579,3582,3585,3588,3591],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3567,109],{"class":108},[48,3569,2684],{"class":84},[48,3571,3572],{"class":1047},"bool",[48,3574,91],{"class":84},[48,3576,1873],{"class":87},[48,3578,3366],{"class":84},[48,3580,3581],{"class":1107}," for",[48,3583,3584],{"class":87}," x ",[48,3586,3587],{"class":1107},"in",[48,3589,3590],{"class":87}," values",[48,3592,3593],{"class":84},"])\n",[20,3595,1037],{},[39,3597,3599],{"className":41,"code":3598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3600,3601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3602,3603,3606,3608,3610,3613,3615,3617,3619,3622,3624,3626],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3604,3605],{"class":84},"[",[48,3607,3306],{"class":3556},[48,3609,365],{"class":84},[48,3611,3612],{"class":3556}," False",[48,3614,365],{"class":84},[48,3616,3612],{"class":3556},[48,3618,365],{"class":84},[48,3620,3621],{"class":3556}," True",[48,3623,365],{"class":84},[48,3625,3612],{"class":3556},[48,3627,3339],{"class":84},[20,3629,3630,3631,3633],{},"This matters because ",[15,3632,3280],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[34,3635,3637],{"id":3636},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1200,3639,3641],{"id":3640},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[39,3643,3645],{"className":41,"code":3644,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3646,3647,3667],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3648,3649,3651,3653,3655,3657,3659,3661,3663,3665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3650,3321],{"class":54},[48,3652,59],{"class":58},[48,3654,3326],{"class":84},[48,3656,272],{"class":488},[48,3658,365],{"class":84},[48,3660,489],{"class":488},[48,3662,365],{"class":84},[48,3664,2152],{"class":488},[48,3666,3339],{"class":84},[48,3668,3669,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3670,109],{"class":108},[48,3672,91],{"class":84},[48,3674,3420],{"class":108},[48,3676,91],{"class":84},[48,3678,3353],{"class":87},[48,3680,1034],{"class":84},[20,3682,1037],{},[39,3684,3686],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n",[15,3687,3688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3689,3690],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3691,3685],{"class":3556},[20,3693,3694,3695,1572,3697,32],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3696,3280],{},[15,3698,3306],{},[1200,3700,3702],{"id":3701},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[39,3704,3706],{"className":41,"code":3705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3707,3708,3728],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3709,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722,3724,3726],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3711,3321],{"class":54},[48,3713,59],{"class":58},[48,3715,3326],{"class":84},[48,3717,272],{"class":488},[48,3719,365],{"class":84},[48,3721,961],{"class":488},[48,3723,365],{"class":84},[48,3725,2152],{"class":488},[48,3727,3339],{"class":84},[48,3729,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3731,109],{"class":108},[48,3733,91],{"class":84},[48,3735,3420],{"class":108},[48,3737,91],{"class":84},[48,3739,3353],{"class":87},[48,3741,1034],{"class":84},[20,3743,1037],{},[39,3745,3747],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\n",[15,3748,3749],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3750,3751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3752,3746],{"class":3556},[20,3754,3755,3756,3758,3759,1572,3761,32],{},"The value ",[15,3757,578],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3760,3280],{},[15,3762,3379],{},[1200,3764,3766],{"id":3765},"example-strings","Example: strings",[39,3768,3770],{"className":41,"code":3769,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3771,3772,3807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3773,3774,3777,3779,3781,3783,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3803,3805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3775,3776],{"class":54},"words ",[48,3778,59],{"class":58},[48,3780,3326],{"class":84},[48,3782,3001],{"class":62},[48,3784,3785],{"class":66},"apple",[48,3787,3001],{"class":62},[48,3789,365],{"class":84},[48,3791,2996],{"class":62},[48,3793,198],{"class":66},[48,3795,3001],{"class":62},[48,3797,365],{"class":84},[48,3799,2996],{"class":62},[48,3801,3802],{"class":66},"cherry",[48,3804,3001],{"class":62},[48,3806,3339],{"class":84},[48,3808,3809,3811,3813,3815,3817,3820],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3810,109],{"class":108},[48,3812,91],{"class":84},[48,3814,3420],{"class":108},[48,3816,91],{"class":84},[48,3818,3819],{"class":87},"words",[48,3821,1034],{"class":84},[20,3823,1037],{},[39,3825,3826],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3827,3828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3829,3830],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3831,3685],{"class":3556},[20,3833,3834],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3836,3837],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[39,3839,3841],{"className":41,"code":3840,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3842,3843,3871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3844,3845,3847,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859,3861,3863,3865,3867,3869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3846,3776],{"class":54},[48,3848,59],{"class":58},[48,3850,3326],{"class":84},[48,3852,3001],{"class":62},[48,3854,3785],{"class":66},[48,3856,3001],{"class":62},[48,3858,365],{"class":84},[48,3860,3543],{"class":62},[48,3862,365],{"class":84},[48,3864,2996],{"class":62},[48,3866,3802],{"class":66},[48,3868,3001],{"class":62},[48,3870,3339],{"class":84},[48,3872,3873,3875,3877,3879,3881,3883],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3874,109],{"class":108},[48,3876,91],{"class":84},[48,3878,3420],{"class":108},[48,3880,91],{"class":84},[48,3882,3819],{"class":87},[48,3884,1034],{"class":84},[20,3886,1037],{},[39,3888,3889],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3890,3891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3892,3893],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3894,3746],{"class":3556},[20,3896,3897,3898,3900],{},"The empty string ",[15,3899,3478],{}," is falsy.",[34,3902,3904,3905,3907],{"id":3903},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3906,3280],{}," works with conditions",[20,3909,3910,3912],{},[15,3911,3280],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3914,3915],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3917,3918],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[39,3920,3922],{"className":41,"code":3921,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3923,3924,3944,3972,3976],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3925,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3927,3321],{"class":54},[48,3929,59],{"class":58},[48,3931,3326],{"class":84},[48,3933,272],{"class":488},[48,3935,365],{"class":84},[48,3937,489],{"class":488},[48,3939,365],{"class":84},[48,3941,2152],{"class":488},[48,3943,3339],{"class":84},[48,3945,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967,3970],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,3947,1929],{"class":54},[48,3949,59],{"class":58},[48,3951,3348],{"class":108},[48,3953,91],{"class":84},[48,3955,2723],{"class":87},[48,3957,3958],{"class":58},">",[48,3960,961],{"class":488},[48,3962,3581],{"class":1107},[48,3964,3584],{"class":87},[48,3966,3587],{"class":1107},[48,3968,3969],{"class":87}," numbers",[48,3971,102],{"class":84},[48,3973,3974],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,3975,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,3979,109],{"class":108},[48,3981,91],{"class":84},[48,3983,1964],{"class":87},[48,3985,102],{"class":84},[20,3987,1037],{},[39,3989,3990],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,3991,3992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,3993,3994],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,3995,3685],{"class":3556},[20,3997,3998],{},"Here is one that fails:",[39,4000,4002],{"className":41,"code":4001,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4003,4004,4026,4052,4056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4005,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4007,3321],{"class":54},[48,4009,59],{"class":58},[48,4011,3326],{"class":84},[48,4013,272],{"class":488},[48,4015,365],{"class":84},[48,4017,1921],{"class":58},[48,4019,280],{"class":488},[48,4021,365],{"class":84},[48,4023,2152],{"class":488},[48,4025,3339],{"class":84},[48,4027,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4029,1929],{"class":54},[48,4031,59],{"class":58},[48,4033,3348],{"class":108},[48,4035,91],{"class":84},[48,4037,2723],{"class":87},[48,4039,3958],{"class":58},[48,4041,961],{"class":488},[48,4043,3581],{"class":1107},[48,4045,3584],{"class":87},[48,4047,3587],{"class":1107},[48,4049,3969],{"class":87},[48,4051,102],{"class":84},[48,4053,4054],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,4055,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,4057,4058,4060,4062,4064],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,4059,109],{"class":108},[48,4061,91],{"class":84},[48,4063,1964],{"class":87},[48,4065,102],{"class":84},[20,4067,1037],{},[39,4069,4070],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4071,4072],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4073,4074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4075,3746],{"class":3556},[20,4077,4078,4079,4082,4083,4085,4086,1572,4088,32],{},"The expression ",[15,4080,4081],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4084,3306],{},", then ",[15,4087,3280],{},[15,4089,3306],{},[20,4091,4092],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4094,4095,4096,500,4100,32],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[224,4097,4099],{"href":4098},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[224,4101,4103],{"href":4102},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[34,4105,4107],{"id":4106},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4109,4110,1572,4112,32],{},[15,4111,3303],{},[15,4113,3306],{},[20,4115,4116],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4118,182],{},[39,4120,4122],{"className":41,"code":4121,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4123,4124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4125,4126,4128,4130,4132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4127,109],{"class":108},[48,4129,91],{"class":84},[48,4131,3420],{"class":108},[48,4133,4134],{"class":84},"([]))\n",[20,4136,1037],{},[39,4138,4139],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4140,4141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4142,4143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4144,3685],{"class":3556},[20,4146,4147],{},"Why?",[20,4149,4150],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4152,4153],{},"Think of it this way:",[162,4155,4156,4163,4166],{},[165,4157,4158,1572,4160,4162],{},[15,4159,3280],{},[15,4161,3379],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[165,4164,4165],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[165,4167,4168,4169],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4170,3379],{},[20,4172,4173],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4175,4176],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[39,4178,4180],{"className":41,"code":4179,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4181,4182,4193],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4183,4184,4186,4188,4190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4185,109],{"class":108},[48,4187,91],{"class":84},[48,4189,3420],{"class":108},[48,4191,4192],{"class":84},"(()))\n",[48,4194,4195,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4196,109],{"class":108},[48,4198,91],{"class":84},[48,4200,3420],{"class":108},[48,4202,91],{"class":84},[48,4204,3478],{"class":62},[48,4206,1034],{"class":84},[20,4208,1037],{},[39,4210,4212],{"className":41,"code":4211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4213,4214,4218],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4215,4216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4217,3685],{"class":3556},[48,4219,4220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4221,3685],{"class":3556},[34,4223,4225],{"id":4224},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1200,4227,4229],{"id":4228},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4231,4232],{},"This is wrong:",[39,4234,4236],{"className":41,"code":4235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4237,4238,4243],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4239,4240],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4241,4242],{"class":129},"# Wrong\n",[48,4244,4245],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4246,4247],{"class":129},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4249,4250,4252],{},[15,4251,3280],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4254,4255],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[39,4257,4259],{"className":41,"code":4258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4260,4261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4262,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4264,109],{"class":108},[48,4266,91],{"class":84},[48,4268,3420],{"class":108},[48,4270,2684],{"class":84},[48,4272,272],{"class":488},[48,4274,365],{"class":84},[48,4276,489],{"class":488},[48,4278,365],{"class":84},[48,4280,2152],{"class":488},[48,4282,2697],{"class":84},[1200,4284,1398,4286,4288],{"id":4285},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4287,3280],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4290,4291],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[39,4293,4295],{"className":41,"code":4294,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4296,4297,4317],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4298,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4300,3321],{"class":54},[48,4302,59],{"class":58},[48,4304,3326],{"class":84},[48,4306,1837],{"class":488},[48,4308,365],{"class":84},[48,4310,549],{"class":488},[48,4312,365],{"class":84},[48,4314,549],{"class":488},[48,4316,3339],{"class":84},[48,4318,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4320,109],{"class":108},[48,4322,91],{"class":84},[48,4324,3420],{"class":108},[48,4326,91],{"class":84},[48,4328,3353],{"class":87},[48,4330,1034],{"class":84},[20,4332,4333,4334,4336],{},"This does ",[565,4335,1055],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4338,4339,4340,4342],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4341,1837],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[39,4344,4345],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4346,4347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4348,4349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4350,3685],{"class":3556},[20,4352,4353],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[39,4355,4357],{"className":41,"code":4356,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4358,4359,4379],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4360,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4362,3321],{"class":54},[48,4364,59],{"class":58},[48,4366,3326],{"class":84},[48,4368,1837],{"class":488},[48,4370,365],{"class":84},[48,4372,549],{"class":488},[48,4374,365],{"class":84},[48,4376,549],{"class":488},[48,4378,3339],{"class":84},[48,4380,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4382,109],{"class":108},[48,4384,91],{"class":84},[48,4386,3420],{"class":108},[48,4388,91],{"class":84},[48,4390,2723],{"class":87},[48,4392,4393],{"class":58},"==",[48,4395,549],{"class":488},[48,4397,3581],{"class":1107},[48,4399,3584],{"class":87},[48,4401,3587],{"class":1107},[48,4403,3969],{"class":87},[48,4405,1034],{"class":84},[1200,4407,4409,4410,4412],{"id":4408},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4411,578],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[39,4414,4416],{"className":41,"code":4415,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4417,4418,4444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4419,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430,4432,4434,4436,4438,4441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4421,109],{"class":108},[48,4423,91],{"class":84},[48,4425,3420],{"class":108},[48,4427,2684],{"class":84},[48,4429,272],{"class":488},[48,4431,365],{"class":84},[48,4433,489],{"class":488},[48,4435,365],{"class":84},[48,4437,961],{"class":488},[48,4439,4440],{"class":84},"]))",[48,4442,4443],{"class":129},"       # False\n",[48,4445,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4447,109],{"class":108},[48,4449,91],{"class":84},[48,4451,3420],{"class":108},[48,4453,2684],{"class":84},[48,4455,3001],{"class":62},[48,4457,224],{"class":66},[48,4459,3001],{"class":62},[48,4461,365],{"class":84},[48,4463,2996],{"class":62},[48,4465,4466],{"class":66},"b",[48,4468,3001],{"class":62},[48,4470,365],{"class":84},[48,4472,3543],{"class":62},[48,4474,4440],{"class":84},[48,4476,4477],{"class":129},"  # False\n",[20,4479,4480,4481,32],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4482,3379],{},[1200,4484,4486,4487,4489,4490],{"id":4485},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4488,3303],{}," is ",[15,4491,3306],{},[20,4493,4494],{},"This is expected behavior:",[39,4496,4498],{"className":41,"code":4497,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4499,4500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4501,4502,4504,4506,4508,4511],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4503,109],{"class":108},[48,4505,91],{"class":84},[48,4507,3420],{"class":108},[48,4509,4510],{"class":84},"([]))",[48,4512,3369],{"class":129},[20,4514,4515,4516,4518],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4517,3306],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4520,4521],{},"Useful quick tests:",[39,4523,4525],{"className":41,"code":4524,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4526,4527,4549,4571,4618,4654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4528,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4530,109],{"class":108},[48,4532,91],{"class":84},[48,4534,3420],{"class":108},[48,4536,2684],{"class":84},[48,4538,272],{"class":488},[48,4540,365],{"class":84},[48,4542,489],{"class":488},[48,4544,365],{"class":84},[48,4546,2152],{"class":488},[48,4548,2697],{"class":84},[48,4550,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4552,109],{"class":108},[48,4554,91],{"class":84},[48,4556,3420],{"class":108},[48,4558,2684],{"class":84},[48,4560,272],{"class":488},[48,4562,365],{"class":84},[48,4564,961],{"class":488},[48,4566,365],{"class":84},[48,4568,2152],{"class":488},[48,4570,2697],{"class":84},[48,4572,4573,4575,4577,4579,4581,4583,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605,4607,4609,4611,4613,4615],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,4574,109],{"class":108},[48,4576,2684],{"class":84},[48,4578,3572],{"class":1047},[48,4580,91],{"class":84},[48,4582,1873],{"class":87},[48,4584,3366],{"class":84},[48,4586,3581],{"class":1107},[48,4588,3584],{"class":87},[48,4590,3587],{"class":1107},[48,4592,3326],{"class":84},[48,4594,272],{"class":488},[48,4596,365],{"class":84},[48,4598,961],{"class":488},[48,4600,365],{"class":84},[48,4602,3543],{"class":62},[48,4604,365],{"class":84},[48,4606,2996],{"class":62},[48,4608,1008],{"class":66},[48,4610,3001],{"class":62},[48,4612,365],{"class":84},[48,4614,3557],{"class":3556},[48,4616,4617],{"class":84},"]])\n",[48,4619,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,4621,109],{"class":108},[48,4623,91],{"class":84},[48,4625,3420],{"class":108},[48,4627,91],{"class":84},[48,4629,2723],{"class":87},[48,4631,3958],{"class":58},[48,4633,961],{"class":488},[48,4635,3581],{"class":1107},[48,4637,3584],{"class":87},[48,4639,3587],{"class":1107},[48,4641,3326],{"class":84},[48,4643,272],{"class":488},[48,4645,365],{"class":84},[48,4647,489],{"class":488},[48,4649,365],{"class":84},[48,4651,2152],{"class":488},[48,4653,2697],{"class":84},[48,4655,4656,4658,4660,4662],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,4657,109],{"class":108},[48,4659,91],{"class":84},[48,4661,3420],{"class":108},[48,4663,4134],{"class":84},[34,4665,4667,4668],{"id":4666},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4669,3280],{},[20,4671,4672,4674],{},[15,4673,3280],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4676,4677],{},"Common use cases:",[162,4679,4680,4683,4686],{},[165,4681,4682],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[165,4684,4685],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[165,4687,4688],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4690,4691],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[39,4693,4695],{"className":41,"code":4694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4696,4697,4733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4698,4699,4702,4704,4706,4708,4711,4713,4715,4717,4720,4722,4724,4726,4729,4731],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4700,4701],{"class":54},"names ",[48,4703,59],{"class":58},[48,4705,3326],{"class":84},[48,4707,3001],{"class":62},[48,4709,4710],{"class":66},"Alice",[48,4712,3001],{"class":62},[48,4714,365],{"class":84},[48,4716,2996],{"class":62},[48,4718,4719],{"class":66},"Bob",[48,4721,3001],{"class":62},[48,4723,365],{"class":84},[48,4725,2996],{"class":62},[48,4727,4728],{"class":66},"Charlie",[48,4730,3001],{"class":62},[48,4732,3339],{"class":84},[48,4734,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4746],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4736,109],{"class":108},[48,4738,91],{"class":84},[48,4740,3420],{"class":108},[48,4742,91],{"class":84},[48,4744,4745],{"class":87},"names",[48,4747,1034],{"class":84},[20,4749,1037],{},[39,4751,4752],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4753,4754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4755,4756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4757,3685],{"class":3556},[20,4759,4760],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[39,4762,4764],{"className":41,"code":4763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4765,4766,4790],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4767,4768,4771,4773,4775,4778,4780,4783,4785,4788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4769,4770],{"class":54},"scores ",[48,4772,59],{"class":58},[48,4774,3326],{"class":84},[48,4776,4777],{"class":488},"75",[48,4779,365],{"class":84},[48,4781,4782],{"class":488}," 80",[48,4784,365],{"class":84},[48,4786,4787],{"class":488}," 50",[48,4789,3339],{"class":84},[48,4791,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4803,4806,4808,4810,4813,4815,4818],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,4793,109],{"class":108},[48,4795,91],{"class":84},[48,4797,3420],{"class":108},[48,4799,91],{"class":84},[48,4801,4802],{"class":87},"score ",[48,4804,4805],{"class":58},">=",[48,4807,4787],{"class":488},[48,4809,3581],{"class":1107},[48,4811,4812],{"class":87}," score ",[48,4814,3587],{"class":1107},[48,4816,4817],{"class":87}," scores",[48,4819,1034],{"class":84},[20,4821,1037],{},[39,4823,4824],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,4825,4826],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,4827,4828],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,4829,3685],{"class":3556},[20,4831,4832],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4834,4835,4836,500,4840,32],{},"For related tasks, see ",[224,4837,4839],{"href":4838},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[224,4841,4843],{"href":4842},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[34,4845,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,4847,4849,4850,4852],{"id":4848},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4851,3280],{}," return in Python?",[20,4854,4855,4856,4858,4859,4861],{},"It returns ",[15,4857,3306],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4860,3379],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1200,4863,4865,4866,4868,4869,1564],{"id":4864},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4867,3303],{}," return ",[15,4870,3306],{},[20,4872,4873],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1200,4875,1579,4877,4879],{"id":4876},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4878,3280],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4881,4882],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1200,4884,1559,4886,500,4888,1564],{"id":4885},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4887,3280],{},[15,4889,4890],{},"any()",[20,4892,4893,4895,4896,4898,4899,32],{},[15,4894,3280],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4897,4890],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[224,4900,3277,4902,3210],{"href":4901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4903,4890],{},[34,4905,1599],{"id":1598},[162,4907,4908,4914,4918,4923,4928,4933],{},[165,4909,4910],{},[224,4911,3277,4912,3210],{"href":4901},[15,4913,4890],{},[165,4915,4916],{},[224,4917,3512],{"href":3511},[165,4919,4920],{},[224,4921,4922],{"href":4842},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[165,4924,4925],{},[224,4926,4927],{"href":4838},"How to filter a list in Python",[165,4929,4930],{},[224,4931,4932],{"href":4098},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[165,4934,4935],{},[224,4936,4937],{"href":4102},"What is an iterable in Python",[1633,4939,4940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":4942},[4943,4944,4946,4947,4952,4954,4955,4964,4966,4976],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":3382,"depth":73,"text":4945},"What all() does",{"id":3433,"depth":73,"text":3434},{"id":3636,"depth":73,"text":3637,"children":4948},[4949,4950,4951],{"id":3640,"depth":105,"text":3641},{"id":3701,"depth":105,"text":3702},{"id":3765,"depth":105,"text":3766},{"id":3903,"depth":73,"text":4953},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4106,"depth":73,"text":4107},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":4956},[4957,4958,4960,4962],{"id":4228,"depth":105,"text":4229},{"id":4285,"depth":105,"text":4959},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4408,"depth":105,"text":4961},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4485,"depth":105,"text":4963},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4666,"depth":73,"text":4965},"When to use all()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":4967},[4968,4970,4972,4974],{"id":4848,"depth":105,"text":4969},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4864,"depth":105,"text":4971},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4876,"depth":105,"text":4973},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4885,"depth":105,"text":4975},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3271,"description":4977},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4984,"title":4985,"body":4986,"description":6675,"extension":1666,"meta":6676,"navigation":122,"path":4901,"seo":6677,"stem":6678,"__hash__":6679},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4987,"toc":6653},[4988,4991,4999,5002,5019,5027,5070,5079,5083,5088,5091,5108,5111,5122,5134,5138,5141,5156,5161,5164,5176,5179,5264,5267,5288,5294,5296,5304,5318,5320,5354,5356,5359,5420,5422,5439,5442,5469,5471,5479,5491,5495,5498,5537,5539,5547,5549,5565,5573,5576,5619,5621,5629,5634,5638,5646,5649,5676,5679,5682,5756,5758,5766,5773,5797,5808,5811,5890,5892,5900,5907,5911,5916,5931,5933,5941,5944,5950,5953,5999,6001,6018,6022,6027,6038,6041,6154,6157,6216,6222,6224,6229,6233,6235,6254,6260,6263,6282,6286,6295,6322,6324,6332,6339,6343,6349,6372,6374,6382,6389,6393,6396,6447,6450,6501,6504,6506,6510,6517,6521,6528,6532,6540,6544,6547,6569,6571,6621,6623,6650],[10,4989,4985],{"id":4990},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4992,4993,4995,4996,32],{},[15,4994,4890],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[565,4997,4998],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5000,5001],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[162,5003,5004,5007,5010,5013,5016],{},[165,5005,5006],{},"lists",[165,5008,5009],{},"tuples",[165,5011,5012],{},"sets",[165,5014,5015],{},"strings",[165,5017,5018],{},"generator expressions",[20,5020,5021,5022,1358,5024,5026],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5023,3306],{},[15,5025,3379],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[39,5028,5030],{"className":41,"code":5029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5031,5032,5052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5033,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5035,3528],{"class":54},[48,5037,59],{"class":58},[48,5039,3326],{"class":84},[48,5041,578],{"class":488},[48,5043,365],{"class":84},[48,5045,3543],{"class":62},[48,5047,365],{"class":84},[48,5049,549],{"class":488},[48,5051,3339],{"class":84},[48,5053,5054,5056,5058,5061,5063,5066,5068],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5055,109],{"class":108},[48,5057,91],{"class":84},[48,5059,5060],{"class":108},"any",[48,5062,91],{"class":84},[48,5064,5065],{"class":87},"values",[48,5067,229],{"class":84},[48,5069,3369],{"class":129},[20,5071,139,5072,5075,5076,5078],{},[15,5073,5074],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5077,3306],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[34,5080,5082],{"id":5081},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5084,5085,5087],{},[15,5086,4890],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5089,5090],{},"It returns:",[162,5092,5093,5098,5103],{},[165,5094,5095,5097],{},[15,5096,3306],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[165,5099,5100,5102],{},[15,5101,3379],{}," if all items are falsy",[165,5104,5105,5107],{},[15,5106,3379],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5109,5110],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[162,5112,5113,5116,5119],{},[165,5114,5115],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[165,5117,5118],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[165,5120,5121],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5123,5124,5125,5128,5129,32],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[565,5126,5127],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[224,5130,5132],{"href":5131},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5133,3280],{},[34,5135,5137],{"id":5136},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5139,5140],{},"The syntax is simple:",[39,5142,5144],{"className":41,"code":5143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5145,5146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5147,5148,5150,5152,5154],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5149,5060],{"class":108},[48,5151,91],{"class":84},[48,5153,3425],{"class":87},[48,5155,102],{"class":84},[20,5157,5158,5159,32],{},"The argument must be an ",[565,5160,3425],{},[20,5162,5163],{},"Common inputs include:",[162,5165,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174],{},[165,5167,5006],{},[165,5169,5009],{},[165,5171,5012],{},[165,5173,5015],{},[165,5175,5018],{},[20,5177,5178],{},"For example:",[39,5180,5182],{"className":41,"code":5181,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5183,5184,5207,5226,5246],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5185,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5187,109],{"class":108},[48,5189,91],{"class":84},[48,5191,5060],{"class":108},[48,5193,2684],{"class":84},[48,5195,578],{"class":488},[48,5197,365],{"class":84},[48,5199,961],{"class":488},[48,5201,365],{"class":84},[48,5203,5204],{"class":488}," 1",[48,5206,2697],{"class":84},[48,5208,5209,5211,5213,5215,5218,5220,5222,5224],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5210,109],{"class":108},[48,5212,91],{"class":84},[48,5214,5060],{"class":108},[48,5216,5217],{"class":84},"((",[48,5219,3379],{"class":3556},[48,5221,365],{"class":84},[48,5223,3612],{"class":3556},[48,5225,2610],{"class":84},[48,5227,5228,5230,5232,5234,5237,5239,5241,5243],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5229,109],{"class":108},[48,5231,91],{"class":84},[48,5233,5060],{"class":108},[48,5235,5236],{"class":84},"({",[48,5238,578],{"class":488},[48,5240,365],{"class":84},[48,5242,489],{"class":488},[48,5244,5245],{"class":84},"}))\n",[48,5247,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,5249,109],{"class":108},[48,5251,91],{"class":84},[48,5253,5060],{"class":108},[48,5255,91],{"class":84},[48,5257,94],{"class":62},[48,5259,1008],{"class":66},[48,5261,94],{"class":62},[48,5263,1034],{"class":84},[20,5265,5266],{},"Expected output:",[39,5268,5270],{"className":41,"code":5269,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5271,5272,5276,5280,5284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5273,5274],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5275,3685],{"class":3556},[48,5277,5278],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5279,3746],{"class":3556},[48,5281,5282],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5283,3685],{"class":3556},[48,5285,5286],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,5287,3685],{"class":3556},[20,5289,5290,5291,32],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[224,5292,4843],{"href":5293},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[34,5295,3434],{"id":3433},[20,5297,3437,5298,1358,5301,3442],{},[565,5299,5300],{},"truthy",[565,5302,5303],{},"falsy",[162,5305,5306,5312],{},[165,5307,5308,3450,5310],{},[565,5309,3449],{},[15,5311,3306],{},[165,5313,5314,3450,5316],{},[565,5315,3457],{},[15,5317,3379],{},[20,5319,3462],{},[162,5321,5322,5326,5330,5334,5338,5342,5346,5350],{},[165,5323,5324],{},[15,5325,3379],{},[165,5327,5328],{},[15,5329,578],{},[165,5331,5332],{},[15,5333,3473],{},[165,5335,5336],{},[15,5337,3478],{},[165,5339,5340],{},[15,5341,3492],{},[165,5343,5344],{},[15,5345,3497],{},[165,5347,5348],{},[15,5349,3502],{},[165,5351,5352],{},[15,5353,3483],{},[20,5355,3505],{},[20,5357,5358],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[39,5360,5362],{"className":41,"code":5361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5363,5364,5378,5396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5365,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5367,109],{"class":108},[48,5369,91],{"class":84},[48,5371,5060],{"class":108},[48,5373,2684],{"class":84},[48,5375,272],{"class":488},[48,5377,2697],{"class":84},[48,5379,5380,5382,5384,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5381,109],{"class":108},[48,5383,91],{"class":84},[48,5385,5060],{"class":108},[48,5387,2684],{"class":84},[48,5389,3001],{"class":62},[48,5391,1008],{"class":66},[48,5393,3001],{"class":62},[48,5395,2697],{"class":84},[48,5397,5398,5400,5402,5404,5407,5409,5411,5413,5415,5417],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5399,109],{"class":108},[48,5401,91],{"class":84},[48,5403,5060],{"class":108},[48,5405,5406],{"class":84},"([[",[48,5408,272],{"class":488},[48,5410,365],{"class":84},[48,5412,489],{"class":488},[48,5414,365],{"class":84},[48,5416,2152],{"class":488},[48,5418,5419],{"class":84},"]]))\n",[20,5421,5266],{},[39,5423,5425],{"className":41,"code":5424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5426,5427,5431,5435],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5428,5429],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5430,3685],{"class":3556},[48,5432,5433],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5434,3685],{"class":3556},[48,5436,5437],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5438,3685],{"class":3556},[20,5440,5441],{},"And these are all falsy:",[39,5443,5445],{"className":41,"code":5444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5446,5447],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5448,5449,5451,5453,5455,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5450,109],{"class":108},[48,5452,91],{"class":84},[48,5454,5060],{"class":108},[48,5456,2684],{"class":84},[48,5458,578],{"class":488},[48,5460,365],{"class":84},[48,5462,3543],{"class":62},[48,5464,365],{"class":84},[48,5466,3557],{"class":3556},[48,5468,2697],{"class":84},[20,5470,5266],{},[39,5472,5473],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5474,5475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5476,5477],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5478,3746],{"class":3556},[20,5480,5481,5482,500,5485,32],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[224,5483,3512],{"href":5484},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[224,5486,5488,5490],{"href":5487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5489,3518],{}," explained",[34,5492,5494],{"id":5493},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5496,5497],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[39,5499,5501],{"className":41,"code":5500,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5502,5503,5523],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5504,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515,5517,5519,5521],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5506,3528],{"class":54},[48,5508,59],{"class":58},[48,5510,3326],{"class":84},[48,5512,578],{"class":488},[48,5514,365],{"class":84},[48,5516,3543],{"class":62},[48,5518,365],{"class":84},[48,5520,549],{"class":488},[48,5522,3339],{"class":84},[48,5524,5525,5527,5529,5531,5533,5535],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5526,109],{"class":108},[48,5528,91],{"class":84},[48,5530,5060],{"class":108},[48,5532,91],{"class":84},[48,5534,5065],{"class":87},[48,5536,1034],{"class":84},[20,5538,1037],{},[39,5540,5541],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5542,5543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5544,5545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5546,3685],{"class":3556},[20,5548,4147],{},[162,5550,5551,5556,5560],{},[165,5552,5553,5555],{},[15,5554,578],{}," is falsy",[165,5557,5558,5555],{},[15,5559,3478],{},[165,5561,5562,5564],{},[15,5563,1837],{}," is truthy",[20,5566,5567,5568,1572,5571,32],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5569,5570],{},"any(values)",[15,5572,3306],{},[20,5574,5575],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[39,5577,5579],{"className":41,"code":5578,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5580,5581,5605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5582,5583,5585,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601,5603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5584,3528],{"class":54},[48,5586,59],{"class":58},[48,5588,3326],{"class":84},[48,5590,578],{"class":488},[48,5592,365],{"class":84},[48,5594,3543],{"class":62},[48,5596,365],{"class":84},[48,5598,3557],{"class":3556},[48,5600,365],{"class":84},[48,5602,3612],{"class":3556},[48,5604,3339],{"class":84},[48,5606,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5608,109],{"class":108},[48,5610,91],{"class":84},[48,5612,5060],{"class":108},[48,5614,91],{"class":84},[48,5616,5065],{"class":87},[48,5618,1034],{"class":84},[20,5620,1037],{},[39,5622,5623],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5624,5625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5626,5627],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5628,3746],{"class":3556},[20,5630,5631,5632,32],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5633,3379],{},[34,5635,5637],{"id":5636},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5639,5640,5642,5643,32],{},[15,5641,4890],{}," is often used with a ",[565,5644,5645],{},"generator expression",[20,5647,5648],{},"This is a common pattern:",[39,5650,5652],{"className":41,"code":5651,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5653,5654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5655,5656,5658,5660,5663,5666,5669,5671,5674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5657,5060],{"class":108},[48,5659,91],{"class":84},[48,5661,5662],{"class":87},"condition ",[48,5664,5665],{"class":1107},"for",[48,5667,5668],{"class":87}," item ",[48,5670,3587],{"class":1107},[48,5672,5673],{"class":87}," items",[48,5675,102],{"class":84},[20,5677,5678],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5680,5681],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[39,5683,5685],{"className":41,"code":5684,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5686,5687,5715,5719,5746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5688,5689,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5690,3321],{"class":54},[48,5692,59],{"class":58},[48,5694,3326],{"class":84},[48,5696,907],{"class":488},[48,5698,365],{"class":84},[48,5700,5701],{"class":488}," 7",[48,5703,365],{"class":84},[48,5705,1921],{"class":58},[48,5707,280],{"class":488},[48,5709,365],{"class":84},[48,5711,5712],{"class":488}," 10",[48,5714,3339],{"class":84},[48,5716,5717],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5718,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,5720,5721,5723,5725,5728,5730,5732,5734,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5722,1929],{"class":54},[48,5724,59],{"class":58},[48,5726,5727],{"class":108}," any",[48,5729,91],{"class":84},[48,5731,2723],{"class":87},[48,5733,2990],{"class":58},[48,5735,961],{"class":488},[48,5737,3581],{"class":1107},[48,5739,3584],{"class":87},[48,5741,3587],{"class":1107},[48,5743,3969],{"class":87},[48,5745,102],{"class":84},[48,5747,5748,5750,5752,5754],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,5749,109],{"class":108},[48,5751,91],{"class":84},[48,5753,1964],{"class":87},[48,5755,102],{"class":84},[20,5757,1037],{},[39,5759,5760],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5761,5762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5763,5764],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5765,3685],{"class":3556},[20,5767,5768,5769,5772],{},"This works because ",[15,5770,5771],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[162,5774,5775,5783,5790],{},[165,5776,5777,5780,5781],{},[15,5778,5779],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5782,3379],{},[165,5784,5785,5780,5788],{},[15,5786,5787],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5789,3379],{},[165,5791,5792,5780,5795],{},[15,5793,5794],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5796,3306],{},[20,5798,5799,5800,5802,5803,5805,5806,32],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5801,3306],{}," result, ",[15,5804,4890],{}," can return ",[15,5807,3306],{},[20,5809,5810],{},"Here is another example:",[39,5812,5814],{"className":41,"code":5813,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5815,5816,5845,5849,5879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5817,5818,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5819,3776],{"class":54},[48,5821,59],{"class":58},[48,5823,3326],{"class":84},[48,5825,94],{"class":62},[48,5827,3785],{"class":66},[48,5829,94],{"class":62},[48,5831,365],{"class":84},[48,5833,5834],{"class":62}," \"\"",[48,5836,365],{"class":84},[48,5838,63],{"class":62},[48,5840,198],{"class":66},[48,5842,94],{"class":62},[48,5844,3339],{"class":84},[48,5846,5847],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5848,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,5850,5851,5854,5856,5858,5860,5863,5865,5867,5869,5872,5874,5877],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5852,5853],{"class":54},"has_empty_string ",[48,5855,59],{"class":58},[48,5857,5727],{"class":108},[48,5859,91],{"class":84},[48,5861,5862],{"class":87},"word ",[48,5864,4393],{"class":58},[48,5866,5834],{"class":62},[48,5868,3581],{"class":1107},[48,5870,5871],{"class":87}," word ",[48,5873,3587],{"class":1107},[48,5875,5876],{"class":87}," words",[48,5878,102],{"class":84},[48,5880,5881,5883,5885,5888],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,5882,109],{"class":108},[48,5884,91],{"class":84},[48,5886,5887],{"class":87},"has_empty_string",[48,5889,102],{"class":84},[20,5891,1037],{},[39,5893,5894],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5895,5896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5897,5898],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5899,3685],{"class":3556},[20,5901,5902,5903,32],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[224,5904,5906],{"href":5905},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[34,5908,5910],{"id":5909},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5912,5913,5914,503],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5915,3379],{},[39,5917,5919],{"className":41,"code":5918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5920,5921],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5922,5923,5925,5927,5929],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5924,109],{"class":108},[48,5926,91],{"class":84},[48,5928,5060],{"class":108},[48,5930,4134],{"class":84},[20,5932,1037],{},[39,5934,5935],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,5936,5937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5938,5939],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5940,3746],{"class":3556},[20,5942,5943],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5945,5946,5947,5949],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5948,4890],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5951,5952],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[39,5954,5956],{"className":41,"code":5955,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5957,5958,5968,5983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,5959,5960,5962,5964,5966],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,5961,109],{"class":108},[48,5963,91],{"class":84},[48,5965,5060],{"class":108},[48,5967,4192],{"class":84},[48,5969,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5981],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,5971,109],{"class":108},[48,5973,91],{"class":84},[48,5975,5060],{"class":108},[48,5977,91],{"class":84},[48,5979,5980],{"class":62},"\"\"",[48,5982,1034],{"class":84},[48,5984,5985,5987,5989,5991,5993,5996],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,5986,109],{"class":108},[48,5988,91],{"class":84},[48,5990,5060],{"class":108},[48,5992,91],{"class":84},[48,5994,5995],{"class":1047},"set",[48,5997,5998],{"class":84},"()))\n",[20,6000,1037],{},[39,6002,6004],{"className":41,"code":6003,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6005,6006,6010,6014],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6007,6008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6009,3746],{"class":3556},[48,6011,6012],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6013,3746],{"class":3556},[48,6015,6016],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,6017,3746],{"class":3556},[34,6019,6021],{"id":6020},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6023,139,6024,6026],{},[15,6025,4890],{}," when you want to:",[162,6028,6029,6032,6035],{},[165,6030,6031],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[165,6033,6034],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[165,6036,6037],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6039,6040],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[39,6042,6044],{"className":41,"code":6043,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6045,6046,6071,6075,6085,6089,6102,6121,6131,6137,6142],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6047,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6064,6066,6069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6049,3321],{"class":54},[48,6051,59],{"class":58},[48,6053,3326],{"class":84},[48,6055,272],{"class":488},[48,6057,365],{"class":84},[48,6059,2152],{"class":488},[48,6061,365],{"class":84},[48,6063,549],{"class":488},[48,6065,365],{"class":84},[48,6067,6068],{"class":488}," 8",[48,6070,3339],{"class":84},[48,6072,6073],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6074,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,6076,6077,6080,6082],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,6078,6079],{"class":54},"found_even ",[48,6081,59],{"class":58},[48,6083,6084],{"class":3556}," False\n",[48,6086,6087],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,6088,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,6090,6091,6093,6096,6098,6100],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,6092,5665],{"class":1107},[48,6094,6095],{"class":54}," number ",[48,6097,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6099,3969],{"class":54},[48,6101,1110],{"class":84},[48,6103,6104,6107,6109,6112,6114,6117,6119],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,6105,6106],{"class":1107},"    if",[48,6108,6095],{"class":54},[48,6110,6111],{"class":58},"%",[48,6113,489],{"class":488},[48,6115,6116],{"class":58}," ==",[48,6118,961],{"class":488},[48,6120,1110],{"class":84},[48,6122,6123,6126,6128],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,6124,6125],{"class":54},"        found_even ",[48,6127,59],{"class":58},[48,6129,6130],{"class":3556}," True\n",[48,6132,6134],{"class":50,"line":6133},8,[48,6135,6136],{"class":1107},"        break\n",[48,6138,6140],{"class":50,"line":6139},9,[48,6141,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,6143,6145,6147,6149,6152],{"class":50,"line":6144},10,[48,6146,109],{"class":108},[48,6148,91],{"class":84},[48,6150,6151],{"class":87},"found_even",[48,6153,102],{"class":84},[20,6155,6156],{},"You can write:",[39,6158,6160],{"className":41,"code":6159,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6161,6162,6186],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6163,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6165,3321],{"class":54},[48,6167,59],{"class":58},[48,6169,3326],{"class":84},[48,6171,272],{"class":488},[48,6173,365],{"class":84},[48,6175,2152],{"class":488},[48,6177,365],{"class":84},[48,6179,549],{"class":488},[48,6181,365],{"class":84},[48,6183,6068],{"class":488},[48,6185,3339],{"class":84},[48,6187,6188,6190,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6214],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6189,109],{"class":108},[48,6191,91],{"class":84},[48,6193,5060],{"class":108},[48,6195,91],{"class":84},[48,6197,1916],{"class":87},[48,6199,6111],{"class":58},[48,6201,489],{"class":488},[48,6203,6116],{"class":58},[48,6205,961],{"class":488},[48,6207,3581],{"class":1107},[48,6209,6095],{"class":87},[48,6211,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6213,3969],{"class":87},[48,6215,1034],{"class":84},[20,6217,6218,6219,6221],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6220,4890],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[34,6223,4225],{"id":4224},[20,6225,6226,6227,32],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6228,4890],{},[1200,6230,6232],{"id":6231},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6234,4232],{},[39,6236,6238],{"className":41,"code":6237,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6239,6240],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6241,6242,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6243,109],{"class":108},[48,6245,91],{"class":84},[48,6247,5060],{"class":108},[48,6249,91],{"class":84},[48,6251,1837],{"class":488},[48,6253,1034],{"class":84},[20,6255,6256,6257,6259],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6258,1837],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6261,6262],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[39,6264,6266],{"className":41,"code":6265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6267,6268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6269,6270,6272,6274,6276,6278,6280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6271,109],{"class":108},[48,6273,91],{"class":84},[48,6275,5060],{"class":108},[48,6277,2684],{"class":84},[48,6279,1837],{"class":488},[48,6281,2697],{"class":84},[1200,6283,6285],{"id":6284},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6287,6288,6290,6291,6294],{},[15,6289,4890],{}," needs only ",[565,6292,6293],{},"one"," truthy item.",[39,6296,6298],{"className":41,"code":6297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6299,6300],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6301,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6303,109],{"class":108},[48,6305,91],{"class":84},[48,6307,5060],{"class":108},[48,6309,2684],{"class":84},[48,6311,3379],{"class":3556},[48,6313,365],{"class":84},[48,6315,3612],{"class":3556},[48,6317,365],{"class":84},[48,6319,3621],{"class":3556},[48,6321,2697],{"class":84},[20,6323,1037],{},[39,6325,6326],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6327,6328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6329,6330],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6331,3685],{"class":3556},[20,6333,6334,6335,1575],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[224,6336,6337],{"href":5131},[15,6338,3280],{},[1200,6340,6342],{"id":6341},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6344,6345,6346,32],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6347,6348],{},"\"True\"",[39,6350,6352],{"className":41,"code":6351,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6353,6354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6355,6356,6358,6360,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6357,109],{"class":108},[48,6359,91],{"class":84},[48,6361,5060],{"class":108},[48,6363,2684],{"class":84},[48,6365,94],{"class":62},[48,6367,3379],{"class":66},[48,6369,94],{"class":62},[48,6371,2697],{"class":84},[20,6373,1037],{},[39,6375,6376],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6377,6378],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6379,6380],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6381,3685],{"class":3556},[20,6383,6384,6385,6388],{},"That is because ",[15,6386,6387],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1200,6390,6392],{"id":6391},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6394,6395],{},"This works:",[39,6397,6399],{"className":41,"code":6398,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6400,6401,6421],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6402,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415,6417,6419],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6404,3321],{"class":54},[48,6406,59],{"class":58},[48,6408,3326],{"class":84},[48,6410,272],{"class":488},[48,6412,365],{"class":84},[48,6414,489],{"class":488},[48,6416,365],{"class":84},[48,6418,2152],{"class":488},[48,6420,3339],{"class":84},[48,6422,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6445],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6424,109],{"class":108},[48,6426,91],{"class":84},[48,6428,5060],{"class":108},[48,6430,2684],{"class":84},[48,6432,2723],{"class":87},[48,6434,3958],{"class":58},[48,6436,489],{"class":488},[48,6438,3581],{"class":1107},[48,6440,3584],{"class":87},[48,6442,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6444,3969],{"class":87},[48,6446,2697],{"class":84},[20,6448,6449],{},"But this is usually better:",[39,6451,6453],{"className":41,"code":6452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6454,6455,6475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6456,6457,6459,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469,6471,6473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6458,3321],{"class":54},[48,6460,59],{"class":58},[48,6462,3326],{"class":84},[48,6464,272],{"class":488},[48,6466,365],{"class":84},[48,6468,489],{"class":488},[48,6470,365],{"class":84},[48,6472,2152],{"class":488},[48,6474,3339],{"class":84},[48,6476,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6478,109],{"class":108},[48,6480,91],{"class":84},[48,6482,5060],{"class":108},[48,6484,91],{"class":84},[48,6486,2723],{"class":87},[48,6488,3958],{"class":58},[48,6490,489],{"class":488},[48,6492,3581],{"class":1107},[48,6494,3584],{"class":87},[48,6496,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6498,3969],{"class":87},[48,6500,1034],{"class":84},[20,6502,6503],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[34,6505,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,6507,6509],{"id":6508},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6511,4855,6512,6514,6515,32],{},[15,6513,3306],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6516,3379],{},[1200,6518,6520],{"id":6519},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6522,6523,1572,6525,6527],{},[15,6524,4890],{},[15,6526,3379],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1200,6529,6531],{"id":6530},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6533,6534,6536,6537,6539],{},[15,6535,4890],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6538,3280],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1200,6541,6543],{"id":6542},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6545,6546],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[39,6548,6549],{"className":41,"code":5651,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6550,6551],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6552,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6554,5060],{"class":108},[48,6556,91],{"class":84},[48,6558,5662],{"class":87},[48,6560,5665],{"class":1107},[48,6562,5668],{"class":87},[48,6564,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6566,5673],{"class":87},[48,6568,102],{"class":84},[20,6570,5178],{},[39,6572,6573],{"className":41,"code":6452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6574,6575,6595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6576,6577,6579,6581,6583,6585,6587,6589,6591,6593],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6578,3321],{"class":54},[48,6580,59],{"class":58},[48,6582,3326],{"class":84},[48,6584,272],{"class":488},[48,6586,365],{"class":84},[48,6588,489],{"class":488},[48,6590,365],{"class":84},[48,6592,2152],{"class":488},[48,6594,3339],{"class":84},[48,6596,6597,6599,6601,6603,6605,6607,6609,6611,6613,6615,6617,6619],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6598,109],{"class":108},[48,6600,91],{"class":84},[48,6602,5060],{"class":108},[48,6604,91],{"class":84},[48,6606,2723],{"class":87},[48,6608,3958],{"class":58},[48,6610,489],{"class":488},[48,6612,3581],{"class":1107},[48,6614,3584],{"class":87},[48,6616,3587],{"class":1107},[48,6618,3969],{"class":87},[48,6620,1034],{"class":84},[34,6622,1599],{"id":1598},[162,6624,6625,6631,6635,6639,6644],{},[165,6626,6627],{},[224,6628,6629,3210],{"href":5131},[15,6630,3280],{},[165,6632,6633],{},[224,6634,3512],{"href":5484},[165,6636,6637],{},[224,6638,4922],{"href":5293},[165,6640,6641],{},[224,6642,6643],{"href":5905},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[165,6645,6646],{},[224,6647,6648,3210],{"href":5487},[15,6649,3518],{},[1633,6651,6652],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":6654},[6655,6656,6657,6658,6659,6660,6661,6662,6668,6674],{"id":5081,"depth":73,"text":5082},{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137},{"id":3433,"depth":73,"text":3434},{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":5636,"depth":73,"text":5637},{"id":5909,"depth":73,"text":5910},{"id":6020,"depth":73,"text":6021},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":6663},[6664,6665,6666,6667],{"id":6231,"depth":105,"text":6232},{"id":6284,"depth":105,"text":6285},{"id":6341,"depth":105,"text":6342},{"id":6391,"depth":105,"text":6392},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":6669},[6670,6671,6672,6673],{"id":6508,"depth":105,"text":6509},{"id":6519,"depth":105,"text":6520},{"id":6530,"depth":105,"text":6531},{"id":6542,"depth":105,"text":6543},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4985,"description":6675},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6681,"title":6682,"body":6683,"description":8815,"extension":1666,"meta":8816,"navigation":122,"path":8817,"seo":8818,"stem":8819,"__hash__":8820},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6684,"toc":8778},[6685,6688,6697,6707,6709,6806,6808,6837,6853,6857,6862,6865,6875,6881,6887,6903,6905,6913,6920,6924,6927,6942,6947,6965,6970,6972,7020,7022,7039,7043,7049,7052,7087,7089,7195,7197,7234,7238,7246,7248,7268,7270,7391,7393,7422,7425,7448,7450,7458,7466,7470,7476,7480,7523,7525,7533,7536,7564,7566,7574,7578,7607,7609,7617,7649,7651,7659,7663,7714,7716,7724,7732,7736,7739,7791,7793,7814,7821,7825,7831,7834,7842,7864,7866,7874,7882,7905,7907,7915,7920,7925,7937,7939,7980,7991,7995,8004,8007,8010,8069,8072,8124,8127,8132,8148,8154,8156,8161,8168,8171,8193,8195,8203,8208,8211,8246,8248,8256,8260,8265,8303,8315,8318,8373,8381,8385,8388,8410,8419,8422,8463,8465,8488,8494,8500,8515,8517,8537,8540,8559,8561,8580,8584,8590,8669,8672,8686,8693,8695,8699,8706,8710,8714,8718,8723,8727,8732,8736,8743,8745,8775],[10,6686,6682],{"id":6687},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6689,765,6690,6692,6693,1358,6695,32],{},[15,6691,3518],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6694,3306],{},[15,6696,3379],{},[20,6698,6699,6700,6702,6703,6706],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6701,3518],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6704,6705],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[34,6708,3311],{"id":3310},[39,6710,6712],{"className":41,"code":6711,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6713,6714,6728,6742,6756,6774,6784],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6715,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6717,109],{"class":108},[48,6719,91],{"class":84},[48,6721,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6723,91],{"class":84},[48,6725,578],{"class":488},[48,6727,1034],{"class":84},[48,6729,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6731,109],{"class":108},[48,6733,91],{"class":84},[48,6735,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6737,91],{"class":84},[48,6739,272],{"class":488},[48,6741,1034],{"class":84},[48,6743,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752,6754],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,6745,109],{"class":108},[48,6747,91],{"class":84},[48,6749,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6751,91],{"class":84},[48,6753,5980],{"class":62},[48,6755,1034],{"class":84},[48,6757,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,6759,109],{"class":108},[48,6761,91],{"class":84},[48,6763,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6765,91],{"class":84},[48,6767,94],{"class":62},[48,6769,1008],{"class":66},[48,6771,94],{"class":62},[48,6773,1034],{"class":84},[48,6775,6776,6778,6780,6782],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,6777,109],{"class":108},[48,6779,91],{"class":84},[48,6781,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6783,4134],{"class":84},[48,6785,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,6787,109],{"class":108},[48,6789,91],{"class":84},[48,6791,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6793,2684],{"class":84},[48,6795,272],{"class":488},[48,6797,365],{"class":84},[48,6799,489],{"class":488},[48,6801,365],{"class":84},[48,6803,2152],{"class":488},[48,6805,2697],{"class":84},[20,6807,5266],{},[39,6809,6811],{"className":41,"code":6810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6812,6813,6817,6821,6825,6829,6833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6814,6815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6816,3746],{"class":3556},[48,6818,6819],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6820,3685],{"class":3556},[48,6822,6823],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,6824,3746],{"class":3556},[48,6826,6827],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,6828,3685],{"class":3556},[48,6830,6831],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,6832,3746],{"class":3556},[48,6834,6835],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,6836,3685],{"class":3556},[20,6838,139,6839,6842,6843,1358,6845,6847,6848,6850,6851,32],{},[15,6840,6841],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6844,3306],{},[15,6846,3379],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6849,3379],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6852,3306],{},[34,6854,6856],{"id":6855},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6858,6859,6861],{},[15,6860,3518],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6863,6864],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[162,6866,6867,6871],{},[165,6868,6869],{},[15,6870,3306],{},[165,6872,6873],{},[15,6874,3379],{},[20,6876,6877,6878,6880],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6879,6705],{}," statements.",[20,6882,6883,6884,6886],{},"You can also call ",[15,6885,3518],{}," with no argument:",[39,6888,6890],{"className":41,"code":6889,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool())\n",[15,6891,6892],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6893,6894,6896,6898,6900],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6895,109],{"class":108},[48,6897,91],{"class":84},[48,6899,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6901,6902],{"class":84},"())\n",[20,6904,1037],{},[39,6906,6907],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,6908,6909],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6910,6911],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6912,3746],{"class":3556},[20,6914,6915,6916,32],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[224,6917,6919],{"href":6918},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[34,6921,6923],{"id":6922},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6925,6926],{},"The basic syntax is:",[39,6928,6930],{"className":41,"code":6929,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bool(value)\n",[15,6931,6932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6933,6934,6936,6938,6940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6935,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6937,91],{"class":84},[48,6939,362],{"class":87},[48,6941,102],{"class":84},[20,6943,765,6944,6946],{},[15,6945,362],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[162,6948,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6960,6962],{},[165,6950,3353],{},[165,6952,5015],{},[165,6954,5006],{},[165,6956,5009],{},[165,6958,6959],{},"dictionaries",[165,6961,5012],{},[165,6963,6964],{},"other objects",[20,6966,6967,6968,32],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6969,3379],{},[20,6971,182],{},[39,6973,6975],{"className":41,"code":6974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6976,6977,6991,7010],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,6978,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,6980,109],{"class":108},[48,6982,91],{"class":84},[48,6984,3572],{"class":1047},[48,6986,91],{"class":84},[48,6988,2031],{"class":488},[48,6990,1034],{"class":84},[48,6992,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7006,7008],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,6994,109],{"class":108},[48,6996,91],{"class":84},[48,6998,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7000,91],{"class":84},[48,7002,94],{"class":62},[48,7004,7005],{"class":66},"Python",[48,7007,94],{"class":62},[48,7009,1034],{"class":84},[48,7011,7012,7014,7016,7018],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7013,109],{"class":108},[48,7015,91],{"class":84},[48,7017,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7019,6902],{"class":84},[20,7021,1037],{},[39,7023,7025],{"className":41,"code":7024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7026,7027,7031,7035],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7028,7029],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7030,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7032,7033],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7034,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7036,7037],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7038,3746],{"class":3556},[34,7040,7042],{"id":7041},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7044,7045,7046,7048],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[565,7047,5303],{}," values.",[20,7050,7051],{},"Common examples:",[162,7053,7054,7058,7062,7066,7070,7075,7079,7083],{},[165,7055,7056],{},[15,7057,578],{},[165,7059,7060],{},[15,7061,3473],{},[165,7063,7064],{},[15,7065,5980],{},[165,7067,7068],{},[15,7069,3492],{},[165,7071,7072],{},[15,7073,7074],{},"()",[165,7076,7077],{},[15,7078,3497],{},[165,7080,7081],{},[15,7082,3502],{},[165,7084,7085],{},[15,7086,3483],{},[20,7088,182],{},[39,7090,7092],{"className":41,"code":7091,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7093,7094,7108,7122,7136,7146,7156,7167,7181],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7095,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7097,109],{"class":108},[48,7099,91],{"class":84},[48,7101,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7103,91],{"class":84},[48,7105,578],{"class":488},[48,7107,1034],{"class":84},[48,7109,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7111,109],{"class":108},[48,7113,91],{"class":84},[48,7115,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7117,91],{"class":84},[48,7119,3473],{"class":488},[48,7121,1034],{"class":84},[48,7123,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7125,109],{"class":108},[48,7127,91],{"class":84},[48,7129,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7131,91],{"class":84},[48,7133,5980],{"class":62},[48,7135,1034],{"class":84},[48,7137,7138,7140,7142,7144],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7139,109],{"class":108},[48,7141,91],{"class":84},[48,7143,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7145,4134],{"class":84},[48,7147,7148,7150,7152,7154],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,7149,109],{"class":108},[48,7151,91],{"class":84},[48,7153,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7155,4192],{"class":84},[48,7157,7158,7160,7162,7164],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,7159,109],{"class":108},[48,7161,91],{"class":84},[48,7163,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7165,7166],{"class":84},"({}))\n",[48,7168,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177,7179],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,7170,109],{"class":108},[48,7172,91],{"class":84},[48,7174,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7176,91],{"class":84},[48,7178,5995],{"class":1047},[48,7180,5998],{"class":84},[48,7182,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,7184,109],{"class":108},[48,7186,91],{"class":84},[48,7188,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7190,91],{"class":84},[48,7192,3483],{"class":3556},[48,7194,1034],{"class":84},[20,7196,1037],{},[39,7198,7200],{"className":41,"code":7199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7201,7202,7206,7210,7214,7218,7222,7226,7230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7203,7204],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7205,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7207,7208],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7209,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7211,7212],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7213,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7215,7216],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7217,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7219,7220],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,7221,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7223,7224],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,7225,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7227,7228],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,7229,3746],{"class":3556},[48,7231,7232],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,7233,3746],{"class":3556},[34,7235,7237],{"id":7236},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7239,7240,7241,7243,7244,7048],{},"Many values become ",[15,7242,3306],{},". These are often called ",[565,7245,5300],{},[20,7247,7051],{},[162,7249,7250,7253,7256,7259,7262,7265],{},[165,7251,7252],{},"non-zero numbers",[165,7254,7255],{},"non-empty strings",[165,7257,7258],{},"non-empty lists",[165,7260,7261],{},"non-empty tuples",[165,7263,7264],{},"non-empty sets",[165,7266,7267],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7269,182],{},[39,7271,7273],{"className":41,"code":7272,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7274,7275,7289,7305,7323,7345,7363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7276,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7278,109],{"class":108},[48,7280,91],{"class":84},[48,7282,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7284,91],{"class":84},[48,7286,1837],{"class":488},[48,7288,1034],{"class":84},[48,7290,7291,7293,7295,7297,7299,7301,7303],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7292,109],{"class":108},[48,7294,91],{"class":84},[48,7296,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7298,91],{"class":84},[48,7300,1724],{"class":58},[48,7302,280],{"class":488},[48,7304,1034],{"class":84},[48,7306,7307,7309,7311,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7308,109],{"class":108},[48,7310,91],{"class":84},[48,7312,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7314,91],{"class":84},[48,7316,94],{"class":62},[48,7318,1008],{"class":66},[48,7320,94],{"class":62},[48,7322,1034],{"class":84},[48,7324,7325,7327,7329,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341,7343],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7326,109],{"class":108},[48,7328,91],{"class":84},[48,7330,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7332,2684],{"class":84},[48,7334,272],{"class":488},[48,7336,365],{"class":84},[48,7338,489],{"class":488},[48,7340,365],{"class":84},[48,7342,2152],{"class":488},[48,7344,2697],{"class":84},[48,7346,7347,7349,7351,7353,7355,7357,7359,7361],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,7348,109],{"class":108},[48,7350,91],{"class":84},[48,7352,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7354,5217],{"class":84},[48,7356,272],{"class":488},[48,7358,365],{"class":84},[48,7360,489],{"class":488},[48,7362,2610],{"class":84},[48,7364,7365,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7378,7380,7382,7384,7387,7389],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,7366,109],{"class":108},[48,7368,91],{"class":84},[48,7370,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7372,5236],{"class":84},[48,7374,94],{"class":62},[48,7376,7377],{"class":66},"name",[48,7379,94],{"class":62},[48,7381,503],{"class":84},[48,7383,63],{"class":62},[48,7385,7386],{"class":66},"Sam",[48,7388,94],{"class":62},[48,7390,5245],{"class":84},[20,7392,1037],{},[39,7394,7396],{"className":41,"code":7395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7397,7398,7402,7406,7410,7414,7418],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7399,7400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7401,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7403,7404],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7405,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7407,7408],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7409,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7411,7412],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7413,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7415,7416],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,7417,3685],{"class":3556},[48,7419,7420],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,7421,3685],{"class":3556},[20,7423,7424],{},"One important example is this:",[39,7426,7428],{"className":41,"code":7427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7429,7430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7431,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7433,109],{"class":108},[48,7435,91],{"class":84},[48,7437,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7439,91],{"class":84},[48,7441,94],{"class":62},[48,7443,3379],{"class":66},[48,7445,94],{"class":62},[48,7447,1034],{"class":84},[20,7449,1037],{},[39,7451,7452],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7453,7454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7455,7456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7457,3685],{"class":3556},[20,7459,7460,7461,7463,7464,32],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7462,6387],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7465,3306],{},[34,7467,7469],{"id":7468},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7471,7472,7473,7475],{},"You can use ",[15,7474,3518],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1200,7477,7479],{"id":7478},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[39,7481,7483],{"className":41,"code":7482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7484,7485,7508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7486,7487,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7501,7503,7506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7488,7489],{"class":54},"items ",[48,7491,59],{"class":58},[48,7493,3326],{"class":84},[48,7495,2031],{"class":488},[48,7497,365],{"class":84},[48,7499,7500],{"class":488}," 20",[48,7502,365],{"class":84},[48,7504,7505],{"class":488}," 30",[48,7507,3339],{"class":84},[48,7509,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518,7521],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7511,109],{"class":108},[48,7513,91],{"class":84},[48,7515,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7517,91],{"class":84},[48,7519,7520],{"class":87},"items",[48,7522,1034],{"class":84},[20,7524,1037],{},[39,7526,7527],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7528,7529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7530,7531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7532,3685],{"class":3556},[20,7534,7535],{},"With an empty list:",[39,7537,7539],{"className":41,"code":7538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7540,7541,7550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7542,7543,7545,7547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7544,7489],{"class":54},[48,7546,59],{"class":58},[48,7548,7549],{"class":84}," []\n",[48,7551,7552,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7553,109],{"class":108},[48,7555,91],{"class":84},[48,7557,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7559,91],{"class":84},[48,7561,7520],{"class":87},[48,7563,1034],{"class":84},[20,7565,1037],{},[39,7567,7568],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7569,7570],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7571,7572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7573,3746],{"class":3556},[1200,7575,7577],{"id":7576},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[39,7579,7581],{"className":41,"code":7580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7582,7583,7593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7584,7585,7588,7590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7586,7587],{"class":54},"name ",[48,7589,59],{"class":58},[48,7591,7592],{"class":62}," \"\"\n",[48,7594,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7596,109],{"class":108},[48,7598,91],{"class":84},[48,7600,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7602,91],{"class":84},[48,7604,7377],{"class":87},[48,7606,1034],{"class":84},[20,7608,1037],{},[39,7610,7611],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7612,7613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7614,7615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7616,3746],{"class":3556},[39,7618,7620],{"className":41,"code":7619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7621,7622,7635],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7623,7624,7626,7628,7630,7633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7625,7587],{"class":54},[48,7627,59],{"class":58},[48,7629,63],{"class":62},[48,7631,7632],{"class":66},"Mia",[48,7634,70],{"class":62},[48,7636,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7638,109],{"class":108},[48,7640,91],{"class":84},[48,7642,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7644,91],{"class":84},[48,7646,7377],{"class":87},[48,7648,1034],{"class":84},[20,7650,1037],{},[39,7652,7653],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7654,7655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7656,7657],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7658,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,7660,7662],{"id":7661},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[39,7664,7666],{"className":41,"code":7665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7667,7668,7682,7699,7703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7669,7670,7673,7675,7677,7680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7671,7672],{"class":54},"username ",[48,7674,59],{"class":58},[48,7676,63],{"class":62},[48,7678,7679],{"class":66},"alex",[48,7681,70],{"class":62},[48,7683,7684,7687,7689,7692,7694,7697],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7685,7686],{"class":54},"has_name ",[48,7688,59],{"class":58},[48,7690,7691],{"class":1047}," bool",[48,7693,91],{"class":84},[48,7695,7696],{"class":87},"username",[48,7698,102],{"class":84},[48,7700,7701],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7702,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,7704,7705,7707,7709,7712],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7706,109],{"class":108},[48,7708,91],{"class":84},[48,7710,7711],{"class":87},"has_name",[48,7713,102],{"class":84},[20,7715,1037],{},[39,7717,7718],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7719,7720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7721,7722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7723,3685],{"class":3556},[20,7725,7726,7727,1358,7729,7731],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7728,3306],{},[15,7730,3379],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1200,7733,7735],{"id":7734},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7737,7738],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[39,7740,7742],{"className":41,"code":7741,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7743,7744,7764,7768,7776],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7745,7746,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7747,3321],{"class":54},[48,7749,59],{"class":58},[48,7751,3326],{"class":84},[48,7753,272],{"class":488},[48,7755,365],{"class":84},[48,7757,489],{"class":488},[48,7759,365],{"class":84},[48,7761,2152],{"class":488},[48,7763,3339],{"class":84},[48,7765,7766],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7767,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,7769,7770,7772,7774],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,7771,6705],{"class":1107},[48,7773,3969],{"class":54},[48,7775,1110],{"class":84},[48,7777,7778,7780,7782,7784,7787,7789],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,7779,1138],{"class":108},[48,7781,91],{"class":84},[48,7783,94],{"class":62},[48,7785,7786],{"class":66},"The list is not empty",[48,7788,94],{"class":62},[48,7790,102],{"class":84},[20,7792,1037],{},[39,7794,7796],{"className":41,"code":7795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7797,7798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7799,7800,7802,7805,7808,7811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7801,765],{"class":54},[48,7803,7804],{"class":1047},"list",[48,7806,7807],{"class":58}," is",[48,7809,7810],{"class":58}," not",[48,7812,7813],{"class":54}," empty\n",[20,7815,7816,7817,32],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[224,7818,7820],{"href":7819},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[34,7822,7824],{"id":7823},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7826,7827,7828,7830],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7829,3518],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7832,7833],{},"It does not do that.",[1200,7835,7837,1572,7840],{"id":7836},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7838,7839],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7841,3306],{},[39,7843,7844],{"className":41,"code":7427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7845,7846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7849,109],{"class":108},[48,7851,91],{"class":84},[48,7853,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7855,91],{"class":84},[48,7857,94],{"class":62},[48,7859,3379],{"class":66},[48,7861,94],{"class":62},[48,7863,1034],{"class":84},[20,7865,1037],{},[39,7867,7868],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7869,7870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7871,7872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7873,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,7875,7877,1572,7880],{"id":7876},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7878,7879],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7881,3306],{},[39,7883,7885],{"className":41,"code":7884,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7886,7887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7888,7889,7891,7893,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7890,109],{"class":108},[48,7892,91],{"class":84},[48,7894,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7896,91],{"class":84},[48,7898,94],{"class":62},[48,7900,578],{"class":66},[48,7902,94],{"class":62},[48,7904,1034],{"class":84},[20,7906,1037],{},[39,7908,7909],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,7910,7911],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7912,7913],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7914,3685],{"class":3556},[20,7916,7917,7918,32],{},"This happens because both values are ",[565,7919,7255],{},[20,7921,7922,7924],{},[15,7923,3518],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7926,7927,7928,7933,7934,7936],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[224,7929,7931],{"href":7930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7932,2656],{},", because ",[15,7935,2656],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7938,182],{},[39,7940,7942],{"className":41,"code":7941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7943,7944,7965],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,7945,7946,7949,7951,7954,7956,7958,7961,7963],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,7947,7948],{"class":54},"user_value ",[48,7950,59],{"class":58},[48,7952,7953],{"class":108}," input",[48,7955,91],{"class":84},[48,7957,94],{"class":62},[48,7959,7960],{"class":66},"Enter True or False: ",[48,7962,94],{"class":62},[48,7964,102],{"class":84},[48,7966,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975,7978],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,7968,109],{"class":108},[48,7970,91],{"class":84},[48,7972,3572],{"class":1047},[48,7974,91],{"class":84},[48,7976,7977],{"class":87},"user_value",[48,7979,1034],{"class":84},[20,7981,7982,7983,7985,7986,7933,7988,7990],{},"If the user types ",[15,7984,3379],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7987,3306],{},[15,7989,6387],{}," is not empty.",[34,7992,7994],{"id":7993},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7996,7997,7998,8000,8001,8003],{},"In many ",[15,7999,6705],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8002,3518],{}," yourself.",[20,8005,8006],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8008,8009],{},"Instead of this:",[39,8011,8013],{"className":41,"code":8012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8014,8015,8036,8040,8054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8016,8017,8020,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030,8032,8034],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8018,8019],{"class":54},"my_list ",[48,8021,59],{"class":58},[48,8023,3326],{"class":84},[48,8025,272],{"class":488},[48,8027,365],{"class":84},[48,8029,489],{"class":488},[48,8031,365],{"class":84},[48,8033,2152],{"class":488},[48,8035,3339],{"class":84},[48,8037,8038],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8039,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,8041,8042,8044,8046,8048,8051],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,8043,6705],{"class":1107},[48,8045,7691],{"class":1047},[48,8047,91],{"class":84},[48,8049,8050],{"class":87},"my_list",[48,8052,8053],{"class":84},"):\n",[48,8055,8056,8058,8060,8062,8065,8067],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,8057,1138],{"class":108},[48,8059,91],{"class":84},[48,8061,94],{"class":62},[48,8063,8064],{"class":66},"List has items",[48,8066,94],{"class":62},[48,8068,102],{"class":84},[20,8070,8071],{},"You can simply write:",[39,8073,8075],{"className":41,"code":8074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8076,8077,8097,8101,8110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8078,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8080,8019],{"class":54},[48,8082,59],{"class":58},[48,8084,3326],{"class":84},[48,8086,272],{"class":488},[48,8088,365],{"class":84},[48,8090,489],{"class":488},[48,8092,365],{"class":84},[48,8094,2152],{"class":488},[48,8096,3339],{"class":84},[48,8098,8099],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8100,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,8102,8103,8105,8108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,8104,6705],{"class":1107},[48,8106,8107],{"class":54}," my_list",[48,8109,1110],{"class":84},[48,8111,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120,8122],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,8113,1138],{"class":108},[48,8115,91],{"class":84},[48,8117,94],{"class":62},[48,8119,8064],{"class":66},[48,8121,94],{"class":62},[48,8123,102],{"class":84},[20,8125,8126],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8128,758,8129,8131],{},[15,8130,3518],{}," is still helpful when:",[162,8133,8134,8137,8145],{},[165,8135,8136],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[165,8138,8139,8140,1358,8142,8144],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8141,3306],{},[15,8143,3379],{}," value",[165,8146,8147],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8149,8150,8151,32],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[224,8152,8153],{"href":1999},"Python type() function explained",[34,8155,1366],{"id":1365},[20,8157,8158,8159,32],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8160,3518],{},[1200,8162,1379,8164,1382,8166],{"id":8163},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8165,7839],{},[15,8167,3379],{},[20,8169,8170],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[39,8172,8173],{"className":41,"code":7427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8174,8175],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187,8189,8191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8178,109],{"class":108},[48,8180,91],{"class":84},[48,8182,3572],{"class":1047},[48,8184,91],{"class":84},[48,8186,94],{"class":62},[48,8188,3379],{"class":66},[48,8190,94],{"class":62},[48,8192,1034],{"class":84},[20,8194,1037],{},[39,8196,8197],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8198,8199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8200,8201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8202,3685],{"class":3556},[20,8204,8205,8206,6388],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8207,6387],{},[20,8209,8210],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[39,8212,8214],{"className":41,"code":8213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8215,8216,8228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8217,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8219,2147],{"class":54},[48,8221,59],{"class":58},[48,8223,63],{"class":62},[48,8225,3379],{"class":66},[48,8227,70],{"class":62},[48,8229,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8231,109],{"class":108},[48,8233,91],{"class":84},[48,8235,2147],{"class":87},[48,8237,4393],{"class":58},[48,8239,63],{"class":62},[48,8241,3306],{"class":66},[48,8243,94],{"class":62},[48,8245,102],{"class":84},[20,8247,1037],{},[39,8249,8250],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,8251,8252],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8253,8254],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8255,3746],{"class":3556},[1200,8257,8259],{"id":8258},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8261,8262,8264],{},[15,8263,2656],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[39,8266,8268],{"className":41,"code":8267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8269,8270,8289],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8271,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282,8285,8287],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8273,2147],{"class":54},[48,8275,59],{"class":58},[48,8277,7953],{"class":108},[48,8279,91],{"class":84},[48,8281,94],{"class":62},[48,8283,8284],{"class":66},"Enter yes or no: ",[48,8286,94],{"class":62},[48,8288,102],{"class":84},[48,8290,8291,8293,8295,8297,8299,8301],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8292,109],{"class":108},[48,8294,91],{"class":84},[48,8296,3572],{"class":1047},[48,8298,91],{"class":84},[48,8300,362],{"class":87},[48,8302,1034],{"class":84},[20,8304,7982,8305,8308,8309,8311,8312,7990],{},[15,8306,8307],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8310,3306],{}," because ",[15,8313,8314],{},"\"no\"",[20,8316,8317],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[39,8319,8321],{"className":41,"code":8320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8322,8323,8354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8324,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8342,8345,8348,8351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8326,2147],{"class":54},[48,8328,59],{"class":58},[48,8330,7953],{"class":108},[48,8332,91],{"class":84},[48,8334,94],{"class":62},[48,8336,8284],{"class":66},[48,8338,94],{"class":62},[48,8340,8341],{"class":84},").",[48,8343,8344],{"class":87},"strip",[48,8346,8347],{"class":84},"().",[48,8349,8350],{"class":87},"lower",[48,8352,8353],{"class":84},"()\n",[48,8355,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8369,8371],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8357,109],{"class":108},[48,8359,91],{"class":84},[48,8361,2147],{"class":87},[48,8363,4393],{"class":58},[48,8365,63],{"class":62},[48,8367,8368],{"class":66},"yes",[48,8370,94],{"class":62},[48,8372,102],{"class":84},[20,8374,8375,8376,8378,8379,32],{},"This gives ",[15,8377,3306],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8380,8368],{},[1200,8382,8384],{"id":8383},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8386,8387],{},"These are different:",[162,8389,8390,8394,8398,8402,8406],{},[165,8391,8392],{},[15,8393,3379],{},[165,8395,8396],{},[15,8397,578],{},[165,8399,8400],{},[15,8401,5980],{},[165,8403,8404],{},[15,8405,3492],{},[165,8407,8408],{},[15,8409,3483],{},[20,8411,8412,8413,8415,8416,8418],{},"They all become ",[15,8414,3379],{}," with ",[15,8417,3518],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8420,8421],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[39,8423,8425],{"className":41,"code":8424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8426,8427,8435,8449],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8428,8429,8431,8433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8430,2147],{"class":54},[48,8432,59],{"class":58},[48,8434,7549],{"class":84},[48,8436,8437,8439,8441,8443,8445,8447],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8438,109],{"class":108},[48,8440,91],{"class":84},[48,8442,2921],{"class":1047},[48,8444,91],{"class":84},[48,8446,362],{"class":87},[48,8448,1034],{"class":84},[48,8450,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8461],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,8452,109],{"class":108},[48,8454,91],{"class":84},[48,8456,3572],{"class":1047},[48,8458,91],{"class":84},[48,8460,362],{"class":87},[48,8462,1034],{"class":84},[20,8464,1037],{},[39,8466,8468],{"className":41,"code":8467,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8469,8470,8484],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8473,2990],{"class":58},[48,8475,2993],{"class":1767},[48,8477,2996],{"class":62},[48,8479,7804],{"class":66},[48,8481,3001],{"class":62},[48,8483,3004],{"class":58},[48,8485,8486],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8487,3746],{"class":3556},[1200,8489,758,8491,8493],{"id":8490},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8492,3497],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8495,8496,8497,8499],{},"In Python, ",[15,8498,3497],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[39,8501,8503],{"className":41,"code":8502,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8504,8505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8506,8507,8509,8511,8513],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8508,109],{"class":108},[48,8510,91],{"class":84},[48,8512,2921],{"class":1047},[48,8514,7166],{"class":84},[20,8516,1037],{},[39,8518,8520],{"className":41,"code":8519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8521,8522],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8523,8524,8526,8528,8530,8533,8535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8525,2990],{"class":58},[48,8527,2993],{"class":1767},[48,8529,2996],{"class":62},[48,8531,8532],{"class":66},"dict",[48,8534,3001],{"class":62},[48,8536,3004],{"class":58},[20,8538,8539],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[39,8541,8543],{"className":41,"code":8542,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8544,8545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8546,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8548,109],{"class":108},[48,8550,91],{"class":84},[48,8552,2921],{"class":1047},[48,8554,91],{"class":84},[48,8556,5995],{"class":1047},[48,8558,5998],{"class":84},[20,8560,1037],{},[39,8562,8564],{"className":41,"code":8563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8565,8566],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8567,8568,8570,8572,8574,8576,8578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8569,2990],{"class":58},[48,8571,2993],{"class":1767},[48,8573,2996],{"class":62},[48,8575,5995],{"class":66},[48,8577,3001],{"class":62},[48,8579,3004],{"class":58},[34,8581,8583],{"id":8582},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8585,8586,8587,8589],{},"If ",[15,8588,3518],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[39,8591,8593],{"className":41,"code":8592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8594,8595,8609,8623,8633,8651],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8596,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8598,109],{"class":108},[48,8600,91],{"class":84},[48,8602,3572],{"class":1047},[48,8604,91],{"class":84},[48,8606,362],{"class":87},[48,8608,1034],{"class":84},[48,8610,8611,8613,8615,8617,8619,8621],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8612,109],{"class":108},[48,8614,91],{"class":84},[48,8616,2921],{"class":1047},[48,8618,91],{"class":84},[48,8620,362],{"class":87},[48,8622,1034],{"class":84},[48,8624,8625,8627,8629,8631],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,8626,109],{"class":108},[48,8628,91],{"class":84},[48,8630,362],{"class":87},[48,8632,102],{"class":84},[48,8634,8635,8637,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,8636,109],{"class":108},[48,8638,91],{"class":84},[48,8640,2147],{"class":87},[48,8642,4393],{"class":58},[48,8644,63],{"class":62},[48,8646,3306],{"class":66},[48,8648,94],{"class":62},[48,8650,102],{"class":84},[48,8652,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,8654,109],{"class":108},[48,8656,91],{"class":84},[48,8658,362],{"class":87},[48,8660,32],{"class":84},[48,8662,8344],{"class":87},[48,8664,8347],{"class":84},[48,8666,8350],{"class":87},[48,8668,6902],{"class":84},[20,8670,8671],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[162,8673,8674,8677,8680,8683],{},[165,8675,8676],{},"what the value really is",[165,8678,8679],{},"whether it is a string",[165,8681,8682],{},"whether it contains spaces",[165,8684,8685],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8687,8688,8689,32],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[224,8690,8692],{"href":8691},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[34,8694,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,8696,8698],{"id":8697},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8700,8701,8702,1358,8704,32],{},"It returns either ",[15,8703,3306],{},[15,8705,3379],{},[1200,8707,8709],{"id":8708},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8711,4855,8712,32],{},[15,8713,3379],{},[1200,8715,8717],{"id":8716},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8719,8720,8721,32],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8722,3306],{},[1200,8724,8726],{"id":8725},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8728,8729,8730,32],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8731,3379],{},[1200,8733,8735],{"id":8734},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8737,8738,8739,1358,8741,3442],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8740,3306],{},[15,8742,3379],{},[34,8744,1599],{"id":1598},[162,8746,8747,8752,8756,8761,8765,8770],{},[165,8748,8749],{},[224,8750,8751],{"href":5484},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[165,8753,8754],{},[224,8755,7820],{"href":7819},[165,8757,8758],{},[224,8759,8760],{"href":7930},"Python input() function explained",[165,8762,8763],{},[224,8764,8153],{"href":1999},[165,8766,8767],{},[224,8768,8769],{"href":8691},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[165,8771,8772],{},[224,8773,8774],{"href":6918},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1633,8776,8777],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":8779},[8780,8781,8782,8783,8784,8785,8791,8797,8798,8806,8807,8814],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":6855,"depth":73,"text":6856},{"id":6922,"depth":73,"text":6923},{"id":7041,"depth":73,"text":7042},{"id":7236,"depth":73,"text":7237},{"id":7468,"depth":73,"text":7469,"children":8786},[8787,8788,8789,8790],{"id":7478,"depth":105,"text":7479},{"id":7576,"depth":105,"text":7577},{"id":7661,"depth":105,"text":7662},{"id":7734,"depth":105,"text":7735},{"id":7823,"depth":73,"text":7824,"children":8792},[8793,8795],{"id":7836,"depth":105,"text":8794},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7876,"depth":105,"text":8796},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7993,"depth":73,"text":7994},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":8799},[8800,8802,8803,8804],{"id":8163,"depth":105,"text":8801},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8258,"depth":105,"text":8259},{"id":8383,"depth":105,"text":8384},{"id":8490,"depth":105,"text":8805},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8582,"depth":73,"text":8583},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":8808},[8809,8810,8811,8812,8813],{"id":8697,"depth":105,"text":8698},{"id":8708,"depth":105,"text":8709},{"id":8716,"depth":105,"text":8717},{"id":8725,"depth":105,"text":8726},{"id":8734,"depth":105,"text":8735},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6682,"description":8815},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8822,"title":8823,"body":8824,"description":11017,"extension":1666,"meta":11018,"navigation":122,"path":11019,"seo":11020,"stem":11021,"__hash__":11022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8825,"toc":10979},[8826,8832,8838,8845,8850,8861,8868,8977,8981,9050,9055,9060,9065,9068,9079,9084,9087,9098,9105,9107,9112,9116,9141,9145,9154,9158,9221,9225,9258,9262,9307,9311,9348,9352,9355,9411,9415,9460,9463,9468,9507,9511,9534,9537,9551,9564,9568,9573,9640,9644,9680,9683,9691,9694,9758,9762,9794,9800,9802,9862,9869,9872,9950,9954,9987,9991,9994,10038,10042,10078,10081,10098,10101,10104,10157,10160,10171,10178,10187,10190,10248,10252,10293,10300,10308,10314,10322,10334,10339,10350,10423,10426,10438,10453,10457,10462,10466,10468,10511,10517,10520,10583,10587,10590,10599,10604,10641,10645,10648,10656,10659,10698,10702,10705,10756,10760,10781,10788,10790,10796,10823,10826,10881,10884,10895,10897,10904,10912,10918,10923,10930,10933,10940,10947,10949,10976],[10,8827,3277,8829,3281],{"id":8828},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8830,8831],{},"dict()",[20,8833,8834,8835,8837],{},"The built-in ",[15,8836,8831],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8839,8840,8841,8844],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[565,8842,8843],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8846,8847,8849],{},[15,8848,8831],{}," is commonly used to:",[162,8851,8852,8855,8858],{},[165,8853,8854],{},"create an empty dictionary",[165,8856,8857],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[165,8859,8860],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8862,8863,8864,32],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[224,8865,8867],{"href":8866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[39,8869,8871],{"className":41,"code":8870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8872,8873,8908,8919,8923,8962],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8874,8875,8878,8880,8883,8885,8888,8890,8892,8894,8896,8898,8901,8903,8906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8876,8877],{"class":54},"data ",[48,8879,59],{"class":58},[48,8881,8882],{"class":1047}," dict",[48,8884,91],{"class":84},[48,8886,7377],{"class":8887},"s99_P",[48,8889,59],{"class":58},[48,8891,3001],{"class":62},[48,8893,4710],{"class":66},[48,8895,3001],{"class":62},[48,8897,365],{"class":84},[48,8899,8900],{"class":8887}," age",[48,8902,59],{"class":58},[48,8904,8905],{"class":488},"25",[48,8907,102],{"class":84},[48,8909,8910,8912,8914,8917],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,8911,109],{"class":108},[48,8913,91],{"class":84},[48,8915,8916],{"class":87},"data",[48,8918,102],{"class":84},[48,8920,8921],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,8922,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,8924,8925,8928,8930,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8946,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8959],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,8926,8927],{"class":54},"pairs ",[48,8929,59],{"class":58},[48,8931,8932],{"class":84}," [(",[48,8934,3001],{"class":62},[48,8936,224],{"class":66},[48,8938,3001],{"class":62},[48,8940,365],{"class":84},[48,8942,5204],{"class":488},[48,8944,8945],{"class":84},"),",[48,8947,8948],{"class":84}," (",[48,8950,3001],{"class":62},[48,8952,4466],{"class":66},[48,8954,3001],{"class":62},[48,8956,365],{"class":84},[48,8958,489],{"class":488},[48,8960,8961],{"class":84},")]\n",[48,8963,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8975],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,8965,109],{"class":108},[48,8967,91],{"class":84},[48,8969,8532],{"class":1047},[48,8971,91],{"class":84},[48,8973,8974],{"class":87},"pairs",[48,8976,1034],{"class":84},[20,8978,8979],{},[565,8980,1037],{},[39,8982,8984],{"className":41,"code":8983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8985,8986,9022],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,8987,8988,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007,9009,9012,9014,9016,9019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,8989,8990],{"class":84},"{",[48,8992,3001],{"class":62},[48,8994,7377],{"class":66},[48,8996,3001],{"class":62},[48,8998,503],{"class":84},[48,9000,2996],{"class":62},[48,9002,4710],{"class":66},[48,9004,3001],{"class":62},[48,9006,365],{"class":84},[48,9008,2996],{"class":62},[48,9010,9011],{"class":66},"age",[48,9013,3001],{"class":62},[48,9015,503],{"class":84},[48,9017,9018],{"class":488}," 25",[48,9020,9021],{"class":84},"}\n",[48,9023,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9025,8990],{"class":84},[48,9027,3001],{"class":62},[48,9029,224],{"class":66},[48,9031,3001],{"class":62},[48,9033,503],{"class":84},[48,9035,5204],{"class":488},[48,9037,365],{"class":84},[48,9039,2996],{"class":62},[48,9041,4466],{"class":66},[48,9043,3001],{"class":62},[48,9045,503],{"class":84},[48,9047,489],{"class":488},[48,9049,9021],{"class":84},[20,9051,139,9052,9054],{},[15,9053,8831],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[34,9056,148,9058,152],{"id":9057},"what-dict-does",[15,9059,8831],{},[20,9061,9062,9064],{},[15,9063,8831],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9066,9067],{},"A dictionary:",[162,9069,9070,9073,9076],{},[165,9071,9072],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[165,9074,9075],{},"lets you look up values by key",[165,9077,9078],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9080,9081,9083],{},[15,9082,8831],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9085,9086],{},"Common uses include:",[162,9088,9089,9092,9095],{},[165,9090,9091],{},"making an empty dictionary",[165,9093,9094],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[165,9096,9097],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9099,9100,9101,32],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[224,9102,9104],{"href":9103},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[34,9106,340],{"id":339},[20,9108,9109,9111],{},[15,9110,8831],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1200,9113,9115],{"id":9114},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[39,9117,9119],{"className":41,"code":9118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9120,9121,9131],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9122,9123,9125,9127,9129],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9124,8877],{"class":54},[48,9126,59],{"class":58},[48,9128,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9130,8353],{"class":84},[48,9132,9133,9135,9137,9139],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9134,109],{"class":108},[48,9136,91],{"class":84},[48,9138,8916],{"class":87},[48,9140,102],{"class":84},[20,9142,9143],{},[565,9144,1037],{},[39,9146,9148],{"className":41,"code":9147,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{}\n",[15,9149,9150],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9151,9152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9153,9147],{"class":84},[1200,9155,9157],{"id":9156},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[39,9159,9161],{"className":41,"code":9160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9162,9163,9197,9211],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9164,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9166,8927],{"class":54},[48,9168,59],{"class":58},[48,9170,8932],{"class":84},[48,9172,3001],{"class":62},[48,9174,224],{"class":66},[48,9176,3001],{"class":62},[48,9178,365],{"class":84},[48,9180,5204],{"class":488},[48,9182,8945],{"class":84},[48,9184,8948],{"class":84},[48,9186,3001],{"class":62},[48,9188,4466],{"class":66},[48,9190,3001],{"class":62},[48,9192,365],{"class":84},[48,9194,489],{"class":488},[48,9196,8961],{"class":84},[48,9198,9199,9201,9203,9205,9207,9209],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9200,8877],{"class":54},[48,9202,59],{"class":58},[48,9204,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9206,91],{"class":84},[48,9208,8974],{"class":87},[48,9210,102],{"class":84},[48,9212,9213,9215,9217,9219],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,9214,109],{"class":108},[48,9216,91],{"class":84},[48,9218,8916],{"class":87},[48,9220,102],{"class":84},[20,9222,9223],{},[565,9224,1037],{},[39,9226,9228],{"className":41,"code":9227,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9229,9230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9231,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246,9248,9250,9252,9254,9256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9233,8990],{"class":84},[48,9235,3001],{"class":62},[48,9237,224],{"class":66},[48,9239,3001],{"class":62},[48,9241,503],{"class":84},[48,9243,5204],{"class":488},[48,9245,365],{"class":84},[48,9247,2996],{"class":62},[48,9249,4466],{"class":66},[48,9251,3001],{"class":62},[48,9253,503],{"class":84},[48,9255,489],{"class":488},[48,9257,9021],{"class":84},[1200,9259,9261],{"id":9260},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[39,9263,9265],{"className":41,"code":9264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9266,9267,9297],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9268,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287,9289,9291,9293,9295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9270,8877],{"class":54},[48,9272,59],{"class":58},[48,9274,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9276,91],{"class":84},[48,9278,7377],{"class":8887},[48,9280,59],{"class":58},[48,9282,3001],{"class":62},[48,9284,4710],{"class":66},[48,9286,3001],{"class":62},[48,9288,365],{"class":84},[48,9290,8900],{"class":8887},[48,9292,59],{"class":58},[48,9294,8905],{"class":488},[48,9296,102],{"class":84},[48,9298,9299,9301,9303,9305],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9300,109],{"class":108},[48,9302,91],{"class":84},[48,9304,8916],{"class":87},[48,9306,102],{"class":84},[20,9308,9309],{},[565,9310,1037],{},[39,9312,9314],{"className":41,"code":9313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9315,9316],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9317,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9319,8990],{"class":84},[48,9321,3001],{"class":62},[48,9323,7377],{"class":66},[48,9325,3001],{"class":62},[48,9327,503],{"class":84},[48,9329,2996],{"class":62},[48,9331,4710],{"class":66},[48,9333,3001],{"class":62},[48,9335,365],{"class":84},[48,9337,2996],{"class":62},[48,9339,9011],{"class":66},[48,9341,3001],{"class":62},[48,9343,503],{"class":84},[48,9345,9018],{"class":488},[48,9347,9021],{"class":84},[1200,9349,9351],{"id":9350},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9353,9354],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[39,9356,9358],{"className":41,"code":9357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9359,9360,9401],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9361,9362,9364,9366,9368,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9395,9397,9399],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9363,8877],{"class":54},[48,9365,59],{"class":58},[48,9367,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9369,9370],{"class":84},"([(",[48,9372,3001],{"class":62},[48,9374,224],{"class":66},[48,9376,3001],{"class":62},[48,9378,365],{"class":84},[48,9380,5204],{"class":488},[48,9382,9383],{"class":84},")],",[48,9385,2258],{"class":8887},[48,9387,59],{"class":58},[48,9389,280],{"class":488},[48,9391,365],{"class":84},[48,9393,9394],{"class":8887}," c",[48,9396,59],{"class":58},[48,9398,1764],{"class":488},[48,9400,102],{"class":84},[48,9402,9403,9405,9407,9409],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9404,109],{"class":108},[48,9406,91],{"class":84},[48,9408,8916],{"class":87},[48,9410,102],{"class":84},[20,9412,9413],{},[565,9414,1037],{},[39,9416,9418],{"className":41,"code":9417,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9419,9420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9421,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9423,8990],{"class":84},[48,9425,3001],{"class":62},[48,9427,224],{"class":66},[48,9429,3001],{"class":62},[48,9431,503],{"class":84},[48,9433,5204],{"class":488},[48,9435,365],{"class":84},[48,9437,2996],{"class":62},[48,9439,4466],{"class":66},[48,9441,3001],{"class":62},[48,9443,503],{"class":84},[48,9445,489],{"class":488},[48,9447,365],{"class":84},[48,9449,2996],{"class":62},[48,9451,632],{"class":66},[48,9453,3001],{"class":62},[48,9455,503],{"class":84},[48,9457,2152],{"class":488},[48,9459,9021],{"class":84},[34,9461,9115],{"id":9462},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9464,139,9465,9467],{},[15,9466,8831],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[39,9469,9471],{"className":41,"code":9470,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9472,9473,9483,9497],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9474,9475,9477,9479,9481],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9476,8877],{"class":54},[48,9478,59],{"class":58},[48,9480,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9482,8353],{"class":84},[48,9484,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9486,109],{"class":108},[48,9488,91],{"class":84},[48,9490,2921],{"class":1047},[48,9492,91],{"class":84},[48,9494,8916],{"class":87},[48,9496,1034],{"class":84},[48,9498,9499,9501,9503,9505],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,9500,109],{"class":108},[48,9502,91],{"class":84},[48,9504,8916],{"class":87},[48,9506,102],{"class":84},[20,9508,9509],{},[565,9510,1037],{},[39,9512,9514],{"className":41,"code":9513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9515,9516,9530],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9519,2990],{"class":58},[48,9521,2993],{"class":1767},[48,9523,2996],{"class":62},[48,9525,8532],{"class":66},[48,9527,3001],{"class":62},[48,9529,3004],{"class":58},[48,9531,9532],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9533,9147],{"class":84},[20,9535,9536],{},"This gives the same result as:",[39,9538,9540],{"className":41,"code":9539,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n",[15,9541,9542],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9543,9544,9546,9548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9545,8877],{"class":54},[48,9547,59],{"class":58},[48,9549,9550],{"class":84}," {}\n",[20,9552,9553,9554,9556,9557,9560,9561,9563],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9555,3497],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9558,9559],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9562,8831],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[34,9565,9567],{"id":9566},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9569,9570,9571,32],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9572,8831],{},[39,9574,9576],{"className":41,"code":9575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9577,9578,9616,9630],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9579,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9581,8927],{"class":54},[48,9583,59],{"class":58},[48,9585,8932],{"class":84},[48,9587,3001],{"class":62},[48,9589,7377],{"class":66},[48,9591,3001],{"class":62},[48,9593,365],{"class":84},[48,9595,2996],{"class":62},[48,9597,4710],{"class":66},[48,9599,3001],{"class":62},[48,9601,8945],{"class":84},[48,9603,8948],{"class":84},[48,9605,3001],{"class":62},[48,9607,9011],{"class":66},[48,9609,3001],{"class":62},[48,9611,365],{"class":84},[48,9613,9018],{"class":488},[48,9615,8961],{"class":84},[48,9617,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9619,8877],{"class":54},[48,9621,59],{"class":58},[48,9623,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9625,91],{"class":84},[48,9627,8974],{"class":87},[48,9629,102],{"class":84},[48,9631,9632,9634,9636,9638],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,9633,109],{"class":108},[48,9635,91],{"class":84},[48,9637,8916],{"class":87},[48,9639,102],{"class":84},[20,9641,9642],{},[565,9643,1037],{},[39,9645,9646],{"className":41,"code":9313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9647,9648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9649,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9651,8990],{"class":84},[48,9653,3001],{"class":62},[48,9655,7377],{"class":66},[48,9657,3001],{"class":62},[48,9659,503],{"class":84},[48,9661,2996],{"class":62},[48,9663,4710],{"class":66},[48,9665,3001],{"class":62},[48,9667,365],{"class":84},[48,9669,2996],{"class":62},[48,9671,9011],{"class":66},[48,9673,3001],{"class":62},[48,9675,503],{"class":84},[48,9677,9018],{"class":488},[48,9679,9021],{"class":84},[20,9681,9682],{},"Each pair becomes:",[162,9684,9685,9688],{},[165,9686,9687],{},"the first item as the key",[165,9689,9690],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9692,9693],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[39,9695,9697],{"className":41,"code":9696,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9698,9699,9734,9748],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9700,9701,9703,9705,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9702,8927],{"class":54},[48,9704,59],{"class":58},[48,9706,9707],{"class":84}," ((",[48,9709,3001],{"class":62},[48,9711,224],{"class":66},[48,9713,3001],{"class":62},[48,9715,365],{"class":84},[48,9717,5204],{"class":488},[48,9719,8945],{"class":84},[48,9721,8948],{"class":84},[48,9723,3001],{"class":62},[48,9725,4466],{"class":66},[48,9727,3001],{"class":62},[48,9729,365],{"class":84},[48,9731,489],{"class":488},[48,9733,1034],{"class":84},[48,9735,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9737,8877],{"class":54},[48,9739,59],{"class":58},[48,9741,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9743,91],{"class":84},[48,9745,8974],{"class":87},[48,9747,102],{"class":84},[48,9749,9750,9752,9754,9756],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,9751,109],{"class":108},[48,9753,91],{"class":84},[48,9755,8916],{"class":87},[48,9757,102],{"class":84},[20,9759,9760],{},[565,9761,1037],{},[39,9763,9764],{"className":41,"code":9227,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9765,9766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9767,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9769,8990],{"class":84},[48,9771,3001],{"class":62},[48,9773,224],{"class":66},[48,9775,3001],{"class":62},[48,9777,503],{"class":84},[48,9779,5204],{"class":488},[48,9781,365],{"class":84},[48,9783,2996],{"class":62},[48,9785,4466],{"class":66},[48,9787,3001],{"class":62},[48,9789,503],{"class":84},[48,9791,489],{"class":488},[48,9793,9021],{"class":84},[20,9795,9796,9797,32],{},"Each item must contain ",[565,9798,9799],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9801,2535],{},[39,9803,9805],{"className":41,"code":9804,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9806,9807,9847],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9808,9809,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9810,9811],{"class":54},"bad_data ",[48,9813,59],{"class":58},[48,9815,8932],{"class":84},[48,9817,3001],{"class":62},[48,9819,224],{"class":66},[48,9821,3001],{"class":62},[48,9823,365],{"class":84},[48,9825,5204],{"class":488},[48,9827,365],{"class":84},[48,9829,9830],{"class":488}," 100",[48,9832,8945],{"class":84},[48,9834,8948],{"class":84},[48,9836,3001],{"class":62},[48,9838,4466],{"class":66},[48,9840,3001],{"class":62},[48,9842,365],{"class":84},[48,9844,489],{"class":488},[48,9846,8961],{"class":84},[48,9848,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9860],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9850,1929],{"class":54},[48,9852,59],{"class":58},[48,9854,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9856,91],{"class":84},[48,9858,9859],{"class":87},"bad_data",[48,9861,102],{"class":84},[20,9863,9864,9865,9868],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9866,9867],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9870,9871],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[39,9873,9875],{"className":41,"code":9874,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9876,9877,9926,9940],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9878,9879,9881,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9880,8927],{"class":54},[48,9882,59],{"class":58},[48,9884,8932],{"class":84},[48,9886,3001],{"class":62},[48,9888,224],{"class":66},[48,9890,3001],{"class":62},[48,9892,365],{"class":84},[48,9894,5204],{"class":488},[48,9896,8945],{"class":84},[48,9898,8948],{"class":84},[48,9900,3001],{"class":62},[48,9902,224],{"class":66},[48,9904,3001],{"class":62},[48,9906,365],{"class":84},[48,9908,9909],{"class":488}," 99",[48,9911,8945],{"class":84},[48,9913,8948],{"class":84},[48,9915,3001],{"class":62},[48,9917,4466],{"class":66},[48,9919,3001],{"class":62},[48,9921,365],{"class":84},[48,9923,489],{"class":488},[48,9925,8961],{"class":84},[48,9927,9928,9930,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,9929,8877],{"class":54},[48,9931,59],{"class":58},[48,9933,8882],{"class":1047},[48,9935,91],{"class":84},[48,9937,8974],{"class":87},[48,9939,102],{"class":84},[48,9941,9942,9944,9946,9948],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,9943,109],{"class":108},[48,9945,91],{"class":84},[48,9947,8916],{"class":87},[48,9949,102],{"class":84},[20,9951,9952],{},[565,9953,1037],{},[39,9955,9957],{"className":41,"code":9956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9958,9959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9960,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,9962,8990],{"class":84},[48,9964,3001],{"class":62},[48,9966,224],{"class":66},[48,9968,3001],{"class":62},[48,9970,503],{"class":84},[48,9972,9909],{"class":488},[48,9974,365],{"class":84},[48,9976,2996],{"class":62},[48,9978,4466],{"class":66},[48,9980,3001],{"class":62},[48,9982,503],{"class":84},[48,9984,489],{"class":488},[48,9986,9021],{"class":84},[34,9988,9990],{"id":9989},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9992,9993],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[39,9995,9996],{"className":41,"code":9264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,9997,9998,10028],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,9999,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10001,8877],{"class":54},[48,10003,59],{"class":58},[48,10005,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10007,91],{"class":84},[48,10009,7377],{"class":8887},[48,10011,59],{"class":58},[48,10013,3001],{"class":62},[48,10015,4710],{"class":66},[48,10017,3001],{"class":62},[48,10019,365],{"class":84},[48,10021,8900],{"class":8887},[48,10023,59],{"class":58},[48,10025,8905],{"class":488},[48,10027,102],{"class":84},[48,10029,10030,10032,10034,10036],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10031,109],{"class":108},[48,10033,91],{"class":84},[48,10035,8916],{"class":87},[48,10037,102],{"class":84},[20,10039,10040],{},[565,10041,1037],{},[39,10043,10044],{"className":41,"code":9313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,10045,10046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10047,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10049,8990],{"class":84},[48,10051,3001],{"class":62},[48,10053,7377],{"class":66},[48,10055,3001],{"class":62},[48,10057,503],{"class":84},[48,10059,2996],{"class":62},[48,10061,4710],{"class":66},[48,10063,3001],{"class":62},[48,10065,365],{"class":84},[48,10067,2996],{"class":62},[48,10069,9011],{"class":66},[48,10071,3001],{"class":62},[48,10073,503],{"class":84},[48,10075,9018],{"class":488},[48,10077,9021],{"class":84},[20,10079,10080],{},"In this form:",[162,10082,10083,10091],{},[165,10084,10085,10087,10088],{},[15,10086,7377],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10089,10090],{},"'name'",[165,10092,10093,10087,10095],{},[15,10094,9011],{},[15,10096,10097],{},"'age'",[20,10099,10100],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10102,10103],{},"Valid examples:",[39,10105,10107],{"className":41,"code":10106,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10108,10109,10147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10110,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10122,10124,10126,10129,10131,10133,10136,10138,10140,10143,10145],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10112,8877],{"class":54},[48,10114,59],{"class":58},[48,10116,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10118,91],{"class":84},[48,10120,10121],{"class":8887},"city",[48,10123,59],{"class":58},[48,10125,3001],{"class":62},[48,10127,10128],{"class":66},"Paris",[48,10130,3001],{"class":62},[48,10132,365],{"class":84},[48,10134,10135],{"class":8887}," country",[48,10137,59],{"class":58},[48,10139,3001],{"class":62},[48,10141,10142],{"class":66},"France",[48,10144,3001],{"class":62},[48,10146,102],{"class":84},[48,10148,10149,10151,10153,10155],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10150,109],{"class":108},[48,10152,91],{"class":84},[48,10154,8916],{"class":87},[48,10156,102],{"class":84},[20,10158,10159],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[162,10161,10162,10165,10168],{},[165,10163,10164],{},"spaces",[165,10166,10167],{},"hyphens",[165,10169,10170],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10172,10173,10174,10177],{},"For example, this is ",[565,10175,10176],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[39,10179,10181],{"className":41,"code":10180,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10182,10183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10184,10185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10186,10180],{"class":129},[20,10188,10189],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[39,10191,10193],{"className":41,"code":10192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10194,10195,10238],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10196,10197,10199,10201,10204,10206,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10226,10228,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10198,8877],{"class":54},[48,10200,59],{"class":58},[48,10202,10203],{"class":84}," {",[48,10205,3001],{"class":62},[48,10207,10208],{"class":66},"first-name",[48,10210,3001],{"class":62},[48,10212,503],{"class":84},[48,10214,2996],{"class":62},[48,10216,7386],{"class":66},[48,10218,3001],{"class":62},[48,10220,365],{"class":84},[48,10222,2996],{"class":62},[48,10224,10225],{"class":66},"first name",[48,10227,3001],{"class":62},[48,10229,503],{"class":84},[48,10231,2996],{"class":62},[48,10233,7386],{"class":66},[48,10235,3001],{"class":62},[48,10237,9021],{"class":84},[48,10239,10240,10242,10244,10246],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10241,109],{"class":108},[48,10243,91],{"class":84},[48,10245,8916],{"class":87},[48,10247,102],{"class":84},[20,10249,10250],{},[565,10251,1037],{},[39,10253,10255],{"className":41,"code":10254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10256,10257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10258,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10260,8990],{"class":84},[48,10262,3001],{"class":62},[48,10264,10208],{"class":66},[48,10266,3001],{"class":62},[48,10268,503],{"class":84},[48,10270,2996],{"class":62},[48,10272,7386],{"class":66},[48,10274,3001],{"class":62},[48,10276,365],{"class":84},[48,10278,2996],{"class":62},[48,10280,10225],{"class":66},[48,10282,3001],{"class":62},[48,10284,503],{"class":84},[48,10286,2996],{"class":62},[48,10288,7386],{"class":66},[48,10290,3001],{"class":62},[48,10292,9021],{"class":84},[34,10294,10296,1188,10298],{"id":10295},"dict-vs",[15,10297,8831],{},[15,10299,3497],{},[20,10301,10302,10303,500,10305,10307],{},"Both ",[15,10304,8831],{},[15,10306,3497],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1200,10309,139,10311,10313],{"id":10310},"use-when",[15,10312,3497],{}," when:",[162,10315,10316,10319],{},[165,10317,10318],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[165,10320,10321],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[39,10323,10324],{"className":41,"code":9539,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,10325,10326],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10327,10328,10330,10332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10329,8877],{"class":54},[48,10331,59],{"class":58},[48,10333,9550],{"class":84},[1200,10335,139,10337,10313],{"id":10336},"use-dict-when",[15,10338,8831],{},[162,10340,10341,10344,10347],{},[165,10342,10343],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[165,10345,10346],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[165,10348,10349],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[39,10351,10353],{"className":41,"code":10352,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10354,10355,10392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10356,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10358,8877],{"class":54},[48,10360,59],{"class":58},[48,10362,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10364,9370],{"class":84},[48,10366,3001],{"class":62},[48,10368,224],{"class":66},[48,10370,3001],{"class":62},[48,10372,365],{"class":84},[48,10374,5204],{"class":488},[48,10376,8945],{"class":84},[48,10378,8948],{"class":84},[48,10380,3001],{"class":62},[48,10382,4466],{"class":66},[48,10384,3001],{"class":62},[48,10386,365],{"class":84},[48,10388,489],{"class":488},[48,10390,10391],{"class":84},")])\n",[48,10393,10394,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10395,10396],{"class":54},"info ",[48,10398,59],{"class":58},[48,10400,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10402,91],{"class":84},[48,10404,7377],{"class":8887},[48,10406,59],{"class":58},[48,10408,3001],{"class":62},[48,10410,4710],{"class":66},[48,10412,3001],{"class":62},[48,10414,365],{"class":84},[48,10416,8900],{"class":8887},[48,10418,59],{"class":58},[48,10420,8905],{"class":488},[48,10422,102],{"class":84},[20,10424,10425],{},"So:",[162,10427,10428,10433],{},[165,10429,10430,10432],{},[15,10431,3497],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[165,10434,10435,10437],{},[15,10436,8831],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10439,10440,10441,10445,10446,32],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[224,10442,10444],{"href":10443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[224,10447,10449,10450,754],{"href":10448},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10451,10452],{},"get()",[34,10454,10456],{"id":10455},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10458,10459,10460,32],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10461,8831],{},[1200,10463,10465],{"id":10464},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10467,4232],{},[39,10469,10471],{"className":41,"code":10470,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10472,10473,10497],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10474,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10476,7489],{"class":54},[48,10478,59],{"class":58},[48,10480,3326],{"class":84},[48,10482,3001],{"class":62},[48,10484,224],{"class":66},[48,10486,3001],{"class":62},[48,10488,365],{"class":84},[48,10490,2996],{"class":62},[48,10492,4466],{"class":66},[48,10494,3001],{"class":62},[48,10496,3339],{"class":84},[48,10498,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10500,8877],{"class":54},[48,10502,59],{"class":58},[48,10504,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10506,91],{"class":84},[48,10508,7520],{"class":87},[48,10510,102],{"class":84},[20,10512,10513,10514,32],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10515,10516],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10518,10519],{},"Correct version:",[39,10521,10523],{"className":41,"code":10522,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10524,10525,10559,10573],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10526,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10547,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10528,7489],{"class":54},[48,10530,59],{"class":58},[48,10532,8932],{"class":84},[48,10534,3001],{"class":62},[48,10536,224],{"class":66},[48,10538,3001],{"class":62},[48,10540,365],{"class":84},[48,10542,5204],{"class":488},[48,10544,8945],{"class":84},[48,10546,8948],{"class":84},[48,10548,3001],{"class":62},[48,10550,4466],{"class":66},[48,10552,3001],{"class":62},[48,10554,365],{"class":84},[48,10556,489],{"class":488},[48,10558,8961],{"class":84},[48,10560,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10562,8877],{"class":54},[48,10564,59],{"class":58},[48,10566,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10568,91],{"class":84},[48,10570,7520],{"class":87},[48,10572,102],{"class":84},[48,10574,10575,10577,10579,10581],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,10576,109],{"class":108},[48,10578,91],{"class":84},[48,10580,8916],{"class":87},[48,10582,102],{"class":84},[1200,10584,10586],{"id":10585},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10588,10589],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[39,10591,10593],{"className":41,"code":10592,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10594,10595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10596,10597],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10598,10592],{"class":129},[20,10600,10601,10602,503],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10603,59],{},[39,10605,10607],{"className":41,"code":10606,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10608,10609,10631],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10610,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10612,8877],{"class":54},[48,10614,59],{"class":58},[48,10616,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10618,91],{"class":84},[48,10620,7377],{"class":8887},[48,10622,59],{"class":58},[48,10624,3001],{"class":62},[48,10626,4710],{"class":66},[48,10628,3001],{"class":62},[48,10630,102],{"class":84},[48,10632,10633,10635,10637,10639],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10634,109],{"class":108},[48,10636,91],{"class":84},[48,10638,8916],{"class":87},[48,10640,102],{"class":84},[1200,10642,10644],{"id":10643},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10646,10647],{},"This will not work:",[39,10649,10650],{"className":41,"code":10180,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,10651,10652],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10653,10654],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10655,10180],{"class":129},[20,10657,10658],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[39,10660,10662],{"className":41,"code":10661,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10663,10664,10688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10665,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10667,8877],{"class":54},[48,10669,59],{"class":58},[48,10671,10203],{"class":84},[48,10673,3001],{"class":62},[48,10675,10208],{"class":66},[48,10677,3001],{"class":62},[48,10679,503],{"class":84},[48,10681,2996],{"class":62},[48,10683,7386],{"class":66},[48,10685,3001],{"class":62},[48,10687,9021],{"class":84},[48,10689,10690,10692,10694,10696],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10691,109],{"class":108},[48,10693,91],{"class":84},[48,10695,8916],{"class":87},[48,10697,102],{"class":84},[1200,10699,10701],{"id":10700},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10703,10704],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[39,10706,10708],{"className":41,"code":10707,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10709,10710,10746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10711,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10713,8877],{"class":54},[48,10715,59],{"class":58},[48,10717,8882],{"class":1047},[48,10719,9370],{"class":84},[48,10721,3001],{"class":62},[48,10723,1873],{"class":66},[48,10725,3001],{"class":62},[48,10727,365],{"class":84},[48,10729,5204],{"class":488},[48,10731,8945],{"class":84},[48,10733,8948],{"class":84},[48,10735,3001],{"class":62},[48,10737,1873],{"class":66},[48,10739,3001],{"class":62},[48,10741,365],{"class":84},[48,10743,489],{"class":488},[48,10745,10391],{"class":84},[48,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10749,109],{"class":108},[48,10751,91],{"class":84},[48,10753,8916],{"class":87},[48,10755,102],{"class":84},[20,10757,10758],{},[565,10759,1037],{},[39,10761,10763],{"className":41,"code":10762,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10764,10765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10766,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10768,8990],{"class":84},[48,10770,3001],{"class":62},[48,10772,1873],{"class":66},[48,10774,3001],{"class":62},[48,10776,503],{"class":84},[48,10778,489],{"class":488},[48,10780,9021],{"class":84},[20,10782,10783,10784,32],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[224,10785,10787],{"href":10786},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[34,10789,1366],{"id":1365},[20,10791,10792,10793,10795],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10794,8831],{}," include:",[162,10797,10798,10808,10814,10817],{},[165,10799,10800,10801,10804,10805],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10802,10803],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10806,10807],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[165,10809,10810,10811],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10812,10813],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[165,10815,10816],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[165,10818,10819,10820,10822],{},"confusing ",[15,10821,8831],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10824,10825],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[39,10827,10829],{"className":41,"code":10828,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10830,10831,10845,10855,10866],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,10832,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,10834,109],{"class":108},[48,10836,91],{"class":84},[48,10838,2921],{"class":1047},[48,10840,91],{"class":84},[48,10842,8916],{"class":87},[48,10844,1034],{"class":84},[48,10846,10847,10849,10851,10853],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,10848,109],{"class":108},[48,10850,91],{"class":84},[48,10852,8916],{"class":87},[48,10854,102],{"class":84},[48,10856,10857,10859,10861,10864],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,10858,109],{"class":108},[48,10860,91],{"class":84},[48,10862,10863],{"class":87},"list_of_pairs",[48,10865,102],{"class":84},[48,10867,10868,10870,10872,10875,10877,10879],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,10869,109],{"class":108},[48,10871,91],{"class":84},[48,10873,10874],{"class":108},"len",[48,10876,91],{"class":84},[48,10878,10863],{"class":87},[48,10880,1034],{"class":84},[20,10882,10883],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[162,10885,10886,10889,10892],{},[165,10887,10888],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[165,10890,10891],{},"what data is being passed in",[165,10893,10894],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[34,10896,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,10898,1559,10900,500,10902,1564],{"id":10899},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10901,8831],{},[15,10903,3497],{},[20,10905,10906,10908,10909,10911],{},[15,10907,3497],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10910,8831],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1200,10913,1579,10915,10917],{"id":10914},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10916,8831],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10919,10920,10921,32],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10922,10807],{},[1200,10924,4865,10926,10929],{"id":10925},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10927,10928],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10931,10932],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1200,10934,10936,10937,10939],{"id":10935},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10938,8831],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10941,10942,10943,10946],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10944,10945],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[34,10948,1599],{"id":1598},[162,10950,10951,10956,10960,10965,10971],{},[165,10952,10953],{},[224,10954,10955],{"href":9103},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[165,10957,10958],{},[224,10959,8867],{"href":8866},[165,10961,10962],{},[224,10963,10964],{"href":10443},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[165,10966,10967],{},[224,10968,10449,10969,754],{"href":10448},[15,10970,10452],{},[165,10972,10973],{},[224,10974,10975],{"href":10786},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1633,10977,10978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":10980},[10981,10983,10989,10990,10991,10992,10999,11005,11006,11016],{"id":9057,"depth":73,"text":10982},"What dict() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":10984},[10985,10986,10987,10988],{"id":9114,"depth":105,"text":9115},{"id":9156,"depth":105,"text":9157},{"id":9260,"depth":105,"text":9261},{"id":9350,"depth":105,"text":9351},{"id":9462,"depth":73,"text":9115},{"id":9566,"depth":73,"text":9567},{"id":9989,"depth":73,"text":9990},{"id":10295,"depth":73,"text":10993,"children":10994},"dict() vs {}",[10995,10997],{"id":10310,"depth":105,"text":10996},"Use {} when:",{"id":10336,"depth":105,"text":10998},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10455,"depth":73,"text":10456,"children":11000},[11001,11002,11003,11004],{"id":10464,"depth":105,"text":10465},{"id":10585,"depth":105,"text":10586},{"id":10643,"depth":105,"text":10644},{"id":10700,"depth":105,"text":10701},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":11007},[11008,11010,11012,11014],{"id":10899,"depth":105,"text":11009},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10914,"depth":105,"text":11011},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10925,"depth":105,"text":11013},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10935,"depth":105,"text":11015},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8823,"description":11017},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11024,"title":11025,"body":11026,"description":12535,"extension":1666,"meta":12536,"navigation":122,"path":12537,"seo":12538,"stem":12539,"__hash__":12540},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11027,"toc":12504},[11028,11035,11041,11048,11050,11111,11116,11121,11126,11143,11146,11150,11152,11168,11171,11184,11188,11191,11325,11327,11394,11397,11413,11419,11425,11428,11510,11512,11526,11530,11536,11601,11603,11611,11614,11637,11643,11706,11712,11715,11729,11742,11746,11757,11762,11773,11780,11784,11790,11912,11914,11940,11943,11960,11963,12074,12076,12125,12127,12140,12149,12154,12159,12170,12172,12275,12298,12300,12304,12323,12326,12384,12387,12413,12415,12422,12425,12430,12434,12441,12449,12455,12458,12460,12501],[10,11029,11031,11032,18],{"id":11030},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11033,11034],{},"clear()",[20,11036,11037,11040],{},[15,11038,11039],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11042,11043,11044,11047],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[565,11045,11046],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[34,11049,37],{"id":36},[39,11051,11053],{"className":41,"code":11052,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11054,11055,11087,11098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11056,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11058,8877],{"class":54},[48,11060,59],{"class":58},[48,11062,10203],{"class":84},[48,11064,94],{"class":62},[48,11066,224],{"class":66},[48,11068,94],{"class":62},[48,11070,503],{"class":84},[48,11072,5204],{"class":488},[48,11074,365],{"class":84},[48,11076,63],{"class":62},[48,11078,4466],{"class":66},[48,11080,94],{"class":62},[48,11082,503],{"class":84},[48,11084,489],{"class":488},[48,11086,9021],{"class":84},[48,11088,11089,11091,11093,11096],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11090,8916],{"class":54},[48,11092,32],{"class":84},[48,11094,11095],{"class":87},"clear",[48,11097,8353],{"class":84},[48,11099,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11101,109],{"class":108},[48,11103,91],{"class":84},[48,11105,8916],{"class":87},[48,11107,3366],{"class":84},[48,11109,11110],{"class":129},"  # {}\n",[20,11112,11113,11115],{},[15,11114,11034],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[34,11117,148,11119,152],{"id":11118},"what-clear-does",[15,11120,11034],{},[20,11122,765,11123,11125],{},[15,11124,11034],{}," method:",[162,11127,11128,11131,11134,11138],{},[165,11129,11130],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[165,11132,11133],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[165,11135,1270,11136],{},[15,11137,3483],{},[165,11139,11140,11141],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11142,3497],{},[20,11144,11145],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11147,8863,11148,32],{},[224,11149,8867],{"href":8866},[34,11151,340],{"id":339},[39,11153,11155],{"className":41,"code":11154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11156,11157],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11158,11159,11162,11164,11166],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11160,11161],{"class":54},"my_dict",[48,11163,32],{"class":84},[48,11165,11095],{"class":87},[48,11167,8353],{"class":84},[20,11169,11170],{},"Important points:",[162,11172,11173,11178,11181],{},[165,11174,11175,11177],{},[15,11176,11034],{}," takes no arguments",[165,11179,11180],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[165,11182,11183],{},"It empties that dictionary",[34,11185,11187],{"id":11186},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11189,11190],{},"Here is a basic example:",[39,11192,11194],{"className":41,"code":11193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11195,11196,11206,11227,11241,11258,11262,11266,11286,11290,11301,11305],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11197,11198,11201,11203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11199,11200],{"class":54},"user ",[48,11202,59],{"class":58},[48,11204,11205],{"class":84}," {\n",[48,11207,11208,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11222,11224],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11209,11210],{"class":62},"    \"",[48,11212,7377],{"class":66},[48,11214,94],{"class":62},[48,11216,503],{"class":84},[48,11218,63],{"class":62},[48,11220,11221],{"class":66},"Maya",[48,11223,94],{"class":62},[48,11225,11226],{"class":84},",\n",[48,11228,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11230,11210],{"class":62},[48,11232,9011],{"class":66},[48,11234,94],{"class":62},[48,11236,503],{"class":84},[48,11238,9018],{"class":488},[48,11240,11226],{"class":84},[48,11242,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11256],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,11244,11210],{"class":62},[48,11246,10121],{"class":66},[48,11248,94],{"class":62},[48,11250,503],{"class":84},[48,11252,63],{"class":62},[48,11254,11255],{"class":66},"Berlin",[48,11257,70],{"class":62},[48,11259,11260],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,11261,9021],{"class":84},[48,11263,11264],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,11265,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11267,11268,11270,11272,11274,11277,11279,11281,11284],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,11269,109],{"class":108},[48,11271,91],{"class":84},[48,11273,94],{"class":62},[48,11275,11276],{"class":66},"Before:",[48,11278,94],{"class":62},[48,11280,365],{"class":84},[48,11282,11283],{"class":87}," user",[48,11285,102],{"class":84},[48,11287,11288],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,11289,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11291,11292,11295,11297,11299],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,11293,11294],{"class":54},"user",[48,11296,32],{"class":84},[48,11298,11095],{"class":87},[48,11300,8353],{"class":84},[48,11302,11303],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,11304,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11317,11319,11321,11323],{"class":50,"line":11307},11,[48,11309,109],{"class":108},[48,11311,91],{"class":84},[48,11313,94],{"class":62},[48,11315,11316],{"class":66},"After:",[48,11318,94],{"class":62},[48,11320,365],{"class":84},[48,11322,11283],{"class":87},[48,11324,102],{"class":84},[20,11326,5266],{},[39,11328,11330],{"className":41,"code":11329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11331,11332,11385],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11333,11334,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11335,11336],{"class":54},"Before",[48,11338,503],{"class":84},[48,11340,10203],{"class":84},[48,11342,3001],{"class":62},[48,11344,7377],{"class":66},[48,11346,3001],{"class":62},[48,11348,503],{"class":84},[48,11350,2996],{"class":62},[48,11352,11221],{"class":66},[48,11354,3001],{"class":62},[48,11356,365],{"class":84},[48,11358,2996],{"class":62},[48,11360,9011],{"class":66},[48,11362,3001],{"class":62},[48,11364,503],{"class":84},[48,11366,9018],{"class":488},[48,11368,365],{"class":84},[48,11370,2996],{"class":62},[48,11372,10121],{"class":66},[48,11374,3001],{"class":62},[48,11376,503],{"class":84},[48,11378,2996],{"class":62},[48,11380,11255],{"class":66},[48,11382,3001],{"class":62},[48,11384,9021],{"class":84},[48,11386,11387,11390,11392],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11388,11389],{"class":54},"After",[48,11391,503],{"class":84},[48,11393,9550],{"class":84},[20,11395,11396],{},"What happens here:",[162,11398,11399,11404,11410],{},[165,11400,11401,11403],{},[15,11402,11294],{}," starts with three items",[165,11405,11406,11409],{},[15,11407,11408],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[165,11411,11412],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[34,11414,148,11416,11418],{"id":11415},"what-clear-returns",[15,11417,11034],{}," returns",[20,11420,11421,1572,11423,32],{},[15,11422,11034],{},[15,11424,3483],{},[20,11426,11427],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[39,11429,11431],{"className":41,"code":11430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11432,11433,11467,11471,11486,11490,11500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11434,11435,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11459,11461,11463,11465],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11436,11437],{"class":54},"my_dict ",[48,11439,59],{"class":58},[48,11441,10203],{"class":84},[48,11443,94],{"class":62},[48,11445,1873],{"class":66},[48,11447,94],{"class":62},[48,11449,503],{"class":84},[48,11451,5204],{"class":488},[48,11453,365],{"class":84},[48,11455,63],{"class":62},[48,11457,11458],{"class":66},"y",[48,11460,94],{"class":62},[48,11462,503],{"class":84},[48,11464,489],{"class":488},[48,11466,9021],{"class":84},[48,11468,11469],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11470,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11472,11473,11475,11477,11480,11482,11484],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11474,1929],{"class":54},[48,11476,59],{"class":58},[48,11478,11479],{"class":54}," my_dict",[48,11481,32],{"class":84},[48,11483,11095],{"class":87},[48,11485,8353],{"class":84},[48,11487,11488],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,11489,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,11493,109],{"class":108},[48,11495,91],{"class":84},[48,11497,1964],{"class":87},[48,11499,102],{"class":84},[48,11501,11502,11504,11506,11508],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,11503,109],{"class":108},[48,11505,91],{"class":84},[48,11507,11161],{"class":87},[48,11509,102],{"class":84},[20,11511,1037],{},[39,11513,11515],{"className":41,"code":11514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n{}\n",[15,11516,11517,11522],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11518,11519],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11520,11521],{"class":3556},"None\n",[48,11523,11524],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11525,9147],{"class":84},[1200,11527,11529],{"id":11528},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11531,11532,11533,11535],{},"Do ",[565,11534,1055],{}," do this:",[39,11537,11539],{"className":41,"code":11538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11540,11541,11573,11587,11591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11542,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11544,11437],{"class":54},[48,11546,59],{"class":58},[48,11548,10203],{"class":84},[48,11550,94],{"class":62},[48,11552,1873],{"class":66},[48,11554,94],{"class":62},[48,11556,503],{"class":84},[48,11558,5204],{"class":488},[48,11560,365],{"class":84},[48,11562,63],{"class":62},[48,11564,11458],{"class":66},[48,11566,94],{"class":62},[48,11568,503],{"class":84},[48,11570,489],{"class":488},[48,11572,9021],{"class":84},[48,11574,11575,11577,11579,11581,11583,11585],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11576,11437],{"class":54},[48,11578,59],{"class":58},[48,11580,11479],{"class":54},[48,11582,32],{"class":84},[48,11584,11095],{"class":87},[48,11586,8353],{"class":84},[48,11588,11589],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11590,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11592,11593,11595,11597,11599],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,11594,109],{"class":108},[48,11596,91],{"class":84},[48,11598,11161],{"class":87},[48,11600,102],{"class":84},[20,11602,1037],{},[39,11604,11605],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11606,11607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11608,11609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11610,11521],{"class":3556},[20,11612,11613],{},"Why this happens:",[162,11615,11616,11622,11627],{},[165,11617,11618,11621],{},[15,11619,11620],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[165,11623,11624,11625],{},"The method returns ",[15,11626,3483],{},[165,11628,11629,11630,11633,11634,11636],{},"Then ",[15,11631,11632],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11635,3483],{}," in the variable",[20,11638,11639,11640,11642],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11641,11034],{}," by itself:",[39,11644,11646],{"className":41,"code":11645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11647,11648,11680,11690,11694],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11649,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11651,11437],{"class":54},[48,11653,59],{"class":58},[48,11655,10203],{"class":84},[48,11657,94],{"class":62},[48,11659,1873],{"class":66},[48,11661,94],{"class":62},[48,11663,503],{"class":84},[48,11665,5204],{"class":488},[48,11667,365],{"class":84},[48,11669,63],{"class":62},[48,11671,11458],{"class":66},[48,11673,94],{"class":62},[48,11675,503],{"class":84},[48,11677,489],{"class":488},[48,11679,9021],{"class":84},[48,11681,11682,11684,11686,11688],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11683,11161],{"class":54},[48,11685,32],{"class":84},[48,11687,11095],{"class":87},[48,11689,8353],{"class":84},[48,11691,11692],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11693,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11695,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,11697,109],{"class":108},[48,11699,91],{"class":84},[48,11701,11161],{"class":87},[48,11703,3366],{"class":84},[48,11705,11110],{"class":129},[34,11707,11709,11711],{"id":11708},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11710,11034],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11713,11714],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[39,11716,11717],{"className":41,"code":11154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,11718,11719],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11720,11721,11723,11725,11727],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11722,11161],{"class":54},[48,11724,32],{"class":84},[48,11726,11095],{"class":87},[48,11728,8353],{"class":84},[39,11730,11732],{"className":41,"code":11731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11733,11734],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11735,11736,11738,11740],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11737,11437],{"class":54},[48,11739,59],{"class":58},[48,11741,9550],{"class":84},[1200,11743,11744],{"id":11095},[15,11745,11034],{},[162,11747,11748,11751,11754],{},[165,11749,11750],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[165,11752,11753],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[165,11755,11756],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1200,11758,11759],{"id":11161},[15,11760,11761],{},"my_dict = {}",[162,11763,11764,11767,11770],{},[165,11765,11766],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[165,11768,11769],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[165,11771,11772],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11774,11775,11776,32],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[224,11777,11779],{"href":11778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[34,11781,11783],{"id":11782},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11785,11786,11787,11789],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11788,11034],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[39,11791,11793],{"className":41,"code":11792,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11794,11795,11828,11838,11842,11853,11857,11877,11897],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11796,11797,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810,11812,11814,11816,11818,11820,11822,11824,11826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11798,11799],{"class":54},"original ",[48,11801,59],{"class":58},[48,11803,10203],{"class":84},[48,11805,94],{"class":62},[48,11807,224],{"class":66},[48,11809,94],{"class":62},[48,11811,503],{"class":84},[48,11813,5204],{"class":488},[48,11815,365],{"class":84},[48,11817,63],{"class":62},[48,11819,4466],{"class":66},[48,11821,94],{"class":62},[48,11823,503],{"class":84},[48,11825,489],{"class":488},[48,11827,9021],{"class":84},[48,11829,11830,11833,11835],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11831,11832],{"class":54},"other_ref ",[48,11834,59],{"class":58},[48,11836,11837],{"class":54}," original\n",[48,11839,11840],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11841,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11843,11844,11847,11849,11851],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,11845,11846],{"class":54},"original",[48,11848,32],{"class":84},[48,11850,11095],{"class":87},[48,11852,8353],{"class":84},[48,11854,11855],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,11856,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,11858,11859,11861,11863,11865,11868,11870,11872,11875],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,11860,109],{"class":108},[48,11862,91],{"class":84},[48,11864,94],{"class":62},[48,11866,11867],{"class":66},"original:",[48,11869,94],{"class":62},[48,11871,365],{"class":84},[48,11873,11874],{"class":87}," original",[48,11876,102],{"class":84},[48,11878,11879,11881,11883,11885,11888,11890,11892,11895],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,11880,109],{"class":108},[48,11882,91],{"class":84},[48,11884,94],{"class":62},[48,11886,11887],{"class":66},"other_ref:",[48,11889,94],{"class":62},[48,11891,365],{"class":84},[48,11893,11894],{"class":87}," other_ref",[48,11896,102],{"class":84},[48,11898,11899,11901,11903,11905,11908,11910],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,11900,109],{"class":108},[48,11902,91],{"class":84},[48,11904,11799],{"class":87},[48,11906,11907],{"class":1107},"is",[48,11909,11894],{"class":87},[48,11911,102],{"class":84},[20,11913,1037],{},[39,11915,11917],{"className":41,"code":11916,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11918,11919,11927,11936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11920,11921,11923,11925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11922,11846],{"class":54},[48,11924,503],{"class":84},[48,11926,9550],{"class":84},[48,11928,11929,11932,11934],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,11930,11931],{"class":54},"other_ref",[48,11933,503],{"class":84},[48,11935,9550],{"class":84},[48,11937,11938],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,11939,3685],{"class":3556},[20,11941,11942],{},"This shows:",[162,11944,11945,11952,11957],{},[165,11946,11947,500,11949,11951],{},[15,11948,11846],{},[15,11950,11931],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[165,11953,11954,11956],{},[15,11955,11034],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[165,11958,11959],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11961,11962],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[39,11964,11966],{"className":41,"code":11965,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11967,11968,12000,12008,12012,12020,12024,12042,12060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,11969,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,11971,11799],{"class":54},[48,11973,59],{"class":58},[48,11975,10203],{"class":84},[48,11977,94],{"class":62},[48,11979,224],{"class":66},[48,11981,94],{"class":62},[48,11983,503],{"class":84},[48,11985,5204],{"class":488},[48,11987,365],{"class":84},[48,11989,63],{"class":62},[48,11991,4466],{"class":66},[48,11993,94],{"class":62},[48,11995,503],{"class":84},[48,11997,489],{"class":488},[48,11999,9021],{"class":84},[48,12001,12002,12004,12006],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12003,11832],{"class":54},[48,12005,59],{"class":58},[48,12007,11837],{"class":54},[48,12009,12010],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12011,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12013,12014,12016,12018],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12015,11799],{"class":54},[48,12017,59],{"class":58},[48,12019,9550],{"class":84},[48,12021,12022],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,12023,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12025,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,12027,109],{"class":108},[48,12029,91],{"class":84},[48,12031,94],{"class":62},[48,12033,11867],{"class":66},[48,12035,94],{"class":62},[48,12037,365],{"class":84},[48,12039,11874],{"class":87},[48,12041,102],{"class":84},[48,12043,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054,12056,12058],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,12045,109],{"class":108},[48,12047,91],{"class":84},[48,12049,94],{"class":62},[48,12051,11887],{"class":66},[48,12053,94],{"class":62},[48,12055,365],{"class":84},[48,12057,11894],{"class":87},[48,12059,102],{"class":84},[48,12061,12062,12064,12066,12068,12070,12072],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,12063,109],{"class":108},[48,12065,91],{"class":84},[48,12067,11799],{"class":87},[48,12069,11907],{"class":1107},[48,12071,11894],{"class":87},[48,12073,102],{"class":84},[20,12075,1037],{},[39,12077,12079],{"className":41,"code":12078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12080,12081,12089,12121],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12082,12083,12085,12087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12084,11846],{"class":54},[48,12086,503],{"class":84},[48,12088,9550],{"class":84},[48,12090,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12092,11931],{"class":54},[48,12094,503],{"class":84},[48,12096,10203],{"class":84},[48,12098,3001],{"class":62},[48,12100,224],{"class":66},[48,12102,3001],{"class":62},[48,12104,503],{"class":84},[48,12106,5204],{"class":488},[48,12108,365],{"class":84},[48,12110,2996],{"class":62},[48,12112,4466],{"class":66},[48,12114,3001],{"class":62},[48,12116,503],{"class":84},[48,12118,489],{"class":488},[48,12120,9021],{"class":84},[48,12122,12123],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12124,3746],{"class":3556},[20,12126,261],{},[162,12128,12129,12135],{},[165,12130,12131,12134],{},[15,12132,12133],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[165,12136,12137,12139],{},[15,12138,11931],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12141,12142,12143,32],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[224,12144,12146],{"href":12145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12147,12148],{},"dict.copy()",[34,12150,4667,12152],{"id":12151},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12153,11034],{},[20,12155,12156,12158],{},[15,12157,11034],{}," is useful when you want to:",[162,12160,12161,12164,12167],{},[165,12162,12163],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[165,12165,12166],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[165,12168,12169],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12171,182],{},[39,12173,12175],{"className":41,"code":12174,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12176,12177,12186,12202,12222,12235,12239,12243,12248,12259,12263],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12178,12179,12182,12184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12180,12181],{"class":54},"session_data ",[48,12183,59],{"class":58},[48,12185,11205],{"class":84},[48,12187,12188,12190,12193,12195,12197,12200],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12189,11210],{"class":62},[48,12191,12192],{"class":66},"user_id",[48,12194,94],{"class":62},[48,12196,503],{"class":84},[48,12198,12199],{"class":488}," 101",[48,12201,11226],{"class":84},[48,12203,12204,12206,12209,12211,12213,12215,12218,12220],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12205,11210],{"class":62},[48,12207,12208],{"class":66},"theme",[48,12210,94],{"class":62},[48,12212,503],{"class":84},[48,12214,63],{"class":62},[48,12216,12217],{"class":66},"dark",[48,12219,94],{"class":62},[48,12221,11226],{"class":84},[48,12223,12224,12226,12229,12231,12233],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12225,11210],{"class":62},[48,12227,12228],{"class":66},"logged_in",[48,12230,94],{"class":62},[48,12232,503],{"class":84},[48,12234,6130],{"class":3556},[48,12236,12237],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,12238,9021],{"class":84},[48,12240,12241],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,12242,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12244,12245],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,12246,12247],{"class":129},"# Reset for a new session\n",[48,12249,12250,12253,12255,12257],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,12251,12252],{"class":54},"session_data",[48,12254,32],{"class":84},[48,12256,11095],{"class":87},[48,12258,8353],{"class":84},[48,12260,12261],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,12262,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12264,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,12266,109],{"class":108},[48,12268,91],{"class":84},[48,12270,12252],{"class":87},[48,12272,3366],{"class":84},[48,12274,11110],{"class":129},[20,12276,12277,12278,12284,12285,32,12289,12291,12292,32],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[224,12279,12281],{"href":12280},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12282,12283],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[224,12286,12288],{"href":12287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9558,12290],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[224,12293,12295],{"href":12294},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12296,12297],{},"dict.popitem()",[34,12299,1366],{"id":1365},[20,12301,10459,12302,503],{},[15,12303,11034],{},[162,12305,12306,12312,12317,12320],{},[165,12307,12308,12309,12311],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12310,11034],{}," to a variable",[165,12313,1379,12314,12316],{},[15,12315,11034],{}," to return a new dictionary",[165,12318,12319],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[165,12321,12322],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12324,12325],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[39,12327,12329],{"className":41,"code":12328,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12330,12331,12341,12355,12370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12332,12333,12335,12337,12339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12334,109],{"class":108},[48,12336,91],{"class":84},[48,12338,11161],{"class":87},[48,12340,102],{"class":84},[48,12342,12343,12345,12347,12349,12351,12353],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12344,109],{"class":108},[48,12346,91],{"class":84},[48,12348,2921],{"class":1047},[48,12350,91],{"class":84},[48,12352,11161],{"class":87},[48,12354,1034],{"class":84},[48,12356,12357,12359,12361,12364,12366,12368],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12358,109],{"class":108},[48,12360,91],{"class":84},[48,12362,12363],{"class":108},"id",[48,12365,91],{"class":84},[48,12367,11161],{"class":87},[48,12369,1034],{"class":84},[48,12371,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12373,109],{"class":108},[48,12375,91],{"class":84},[48,12377,11832],{"class":87},[48,12379,11907],{"class":1107},[48,12381,11479],{"class":87},[48,12383,102],{"class":84},[20,12385,12386],{},"What these show:",[162,12388,12389,12395,12401,12407],{},[165,12390,12391,12394],{},[15,12392,12393],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[165,12396,12397,12400],{},[15,12398,12399],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[165,12402,12403,12406],{},[15,12404,12405],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[165,12408,12409,12412],{},[15,12410,12411],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[34,12414,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,12416,12418,12419,12421],{"id":12417},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12420,11034],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12423,12424],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1200,12426,4849,12428,1543],{"id":12427},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12429,11039],{},[20,12431,4855,12432,32],{},[15,12433,3483],{},[1200,12435,1559,12437,500,12439,1564],{"id":12436},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12438,11034],{},[15,12440,3497],{},[20,12442,12443,12445,12446,12448],{},[15,12444,11034],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12447,3497],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1200,12450,12418,12452,12454],{"id":12451},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12453,11034],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12456,12457],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[34,12459,1599],{"id":1598},[162,12461,12462,12466,12470,12477,12484,12491,12496],{},[165,12463,12464],{},[224,12465,8867],{"href":8866},[165,12467,12468],{},[224,12469,10955],{"href":9103},[165,12471,12472],{},[224,12473,10449,12474,754],{"href":12280},[15,12475,12476],{},"pop()",[165,12478,12479],{},[224,12480,10449,12481,754],{"href":12294},[15,12482,12483],{},"popitem()",[165,12485,12486],{},[224,12487,10449,12488,754],{"href":12145},[15,12489,12490],{},"copy()",[165,12492,12493],{},[224,12494,12495],{"href":11778},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[165,12497,12498],{},[224,12499,12500],{"href":12287},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1633,12502,12503],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":12505},[12506,12507,12509,12510,12511,12515,12520,12521,12523,12524,12534],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":11118,"depth":73,"text":12508},"What clear() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":11415,"depth":73,"text":12512,"children":12513},"What clear() returns",[12514],{"id":11528,"depth":105,"text":11529},{"id":11708,"depth":73,"text":12516,"children":12517},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12518,12519],{"id":11095,"depth":105,"text":11034},{"id":11161,"depth":105,"text":11761},{"id":11782,"depth":73,"text":11783},{"id":12151,"depth":73,"text":12522},"When to use clear()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":12525},[12526,12528,12530,12532],{"id":12417,"depth":105,"text":12527},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12427,"depth":105,"text":12529},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12436,"depth":105,"text":12531},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12451,"depth":105,"text":12533},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11025,"description":12535},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12542,"title":12543,"body":12544,"description":14712,"extension":1666,"meta":14713,"navigation":122,"path":14714,"seo":14715,"stem":14716,"__hash__":14717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12545,"toc":14684},[12546,12551,12556,12566,12568,12657,12661,12702,12707,12714,12732,12741,12743,12764,12766,12778,12780,12859,12863,12904,12906,12909,13037,13041,13121,13124,13142,13145,13149,13155,13157,13168,13170,13365,13369,13475,13478,13496,13499,13506,13511,13515,13529,13531,13658,13662,13742,13755,13761,13764,13772,13776,13902,13906,13980,13985,14116,14120,14194,14197,14211,14215,14219,14233,14235,14371,14375,14444,14446,14451,14473,14476,14583,14586,14597,14604,14606,14612,14615,14622,14625,14632,14640,14644,14647,14649,14681],[10,12547,11031,12549,18],{"id":12548},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12550,12490],{},[20,12552,12553,12555],{},[15,12554,12148],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12557,12558,12559,12561,12562,12565],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12560,12490],{}," makes a ",[565,12563,12564],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[34,12567,37],{"id":36},[39,12569,12571],{"className":41,"code":12570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12572,12573,12611,12628,12632,12643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12574,12575,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607,12609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12576,12577],{"class":54},"student ",[48,12579,59],{"class":58},[48,12581,10203],{"class":84},[48,12583,94],{"class":62},[48,12585,7377],{"class":66},[48,12587,94],{"class":62},[48,12589,503],{"class":84},[48,12591,63],{"class":62},[48,12593,12594],{"class":66},"Ana",[48,12596,94],{"class":62},[48,12598,365],{"class":84},[48,12600,63],{"class":62},[48,12602,9011],{"class":66},[48,12604,94],{"class":62},[48,12606,503],{"class":84},[48,12608,7500],{"class":488},[48,12610,9021],{"class":84},[48,12612,12613,12616,12618,12621,12623,12626],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12614,12615],{"class":54},"student_copy ",[48,12617,59],{"class":58},[48,12619,12620],{"class":54}," student",[48,12622,32],{"class":84},[48,12624,12625],{"class":87},"copy",[48,12627,8353],{"class":84},[48,12629,12630],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12631,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12633,12634,12636,12638,12641],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12635,109],{"class":108},[48,12637,91],{"class":84},[48,12639,12640],{"class":87},"student_copy",[48,12642,102],{"class":84},[48,12644,12645,12647,12649,12651,12653,12655],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,12646,109],{"class":108},[48,12648,91],{"class":84},[48,12650,12615],{"class":87},[48,12652,11907],{"class":1107},[48,12654,12620],{"class":87},[48,12656,102],{"class":84},[20,12658,12659],{},[565,12660,1037],{},[39,12662,12664],{"className":41,"code":12663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12665,12666,12698],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12667,12668,12670,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12669,8990],{"class":84},[48,12671,3001],{"class":62},[48,12673,7377],{"class":66},[48,12675,3001],{"class":62},[48,12677,503],{"class":84},[48,12679,2996],{"class":62},[48,12681,12594],{"class":66},[48,12683,3001],{"class":62},[48,12685,365],{"class":84},[48,12687,2996],{"class":62},[48,12689,9011],{"class":66},[48,12691,3001],{"class":62},[48,12693,503],{"class":84},[48,12695,7500],{"class":488},[48,12697,9021],{"class":84},[48,12699,12700],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12701,3746],{"class":3556},[20,12703,139,12704,12706],{},[15,12705,12490],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[34,12708,12710,12711,12713],{"id":12709},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12712,12490],{}," method does",[162,12715,12716,12721,12724,12729],{},[165,12717,12718,12720],{},[15,12719,12148],{}," returns a new dictionary",[165,12722,12723],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[165,12725,12726,12727],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12728,12490],{},[165,12730,12731],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12733,12734,12735,1358,12738,32],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[224,12736,8867],{"href":12737},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[224,12739,9104],{"href":12740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[34,12742,340],{"id":339},[39,12744,12746],{"className":41,"code":12745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12747,12748],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12749,12750,12753,12755,12758,12760,12762],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12751,12752],{"class":54},"new_dict ",[48,12754,59],{"class":58},[48,12756,12757],{"class":54}," old_dict",[48,12759,32],{"class":84},[48,12761,12625],{"class":87},[48,12763,8353],{"class":84},[20,12765,160],{},[162,12767,12768,12772,12775],{},[165,12769,12770,11177],{},[15,12771,12490],{},[165,12773,12774],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[165,12776,12777],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12779,182],{},[39,12781,12783],{"className":41,"code":12782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12784,12785,12828,12844,12848],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12786,12787,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821,12824,12826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12788,12789],{"class":54},"colors ",[48,12791,59],{"class":58},[48,12793,10203],{"class":84},[48,12795,94],{"class":62},[48,12797,224],{"class":66},[48,12799,94],{"class":62},[48,12801,503],{"class":84},[48,12803,63],{"class":62},[48,12805,12806],{"class":66},"red",[48,12808,94],{"class":62},[48,12810,365],{"class":84},[48,12812,63],{"class":62},[48,12814,4466],{"class":66},[48,12816,94],{"class":62},[48,12818,503],{"class":84},[48,12820,63],{"class":62},[48,12822,12823],{"class":66},"blue",[48,12825,94],{"class":62},[48,12827,9021],{"class":84},[48,12829,12830,12833,12835,12838,12840,12842],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12831,12832],{"class":54},"new_colors ",[48,12834,59],{"class":58},[48,12836,12837],{"class":54}," colors",[48,12839,32],{"class":84},[48,12841,12625],{"class":87},[48,12843,8353],{"class":84},[48,12845,12846],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12847,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12849,12850,12852,12854,12857],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12851,109],{"class":108},[48,12853,91],{"class":84},[48,12855,12856],{"class":87},"new_colors",[48,12858,102],{"class":84},[20,12860,12861],{},[565,12862,1037],{},[39,12864,12866],{"className":41,"code":12865,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12867,12868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12869,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890,12892,12894,12896,12898,12900,12902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12871,8990],{"class":84},[48,12873,3001],{"class":62},[48,12875,224],{"class":66},[48,12877,3001],{"class":62},[48,12879,503],{"class":84},[48,12881,2996],{"class":62},[48,12883,12806],{"class":66},[48,12885,3001],{"class":62},[48,12887,365],{"class":84},[48,12889,2996],{"class":62},[48,12891,4466],{"class":66},[48,12893,3001],{"class":62},[48,12895,503],{"class":84},[48,12897,2996],{"class":62},[48,12899,12823],{"class":66},[48,12901,3001],{"class":62},[48,12903,9021],{"class":84},[34,12905,11187],{"id":11186},[20,12907,12908],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[39,12910,12912],{"className":41,"code":12911,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12913,12914,12952,12968,12972,12994,12998,13017],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,12915,12916,12919,12921,12923,12925,12927,12929,12931,12933,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,12917,12918],{"class":54},"person ",[48,12920,59],{"class":58},[48,12922,10203],{"class":84},[48,12924,94],{"class":62},[48,12926,7377],{"class":66},[48,12928,94],{"class":62},[48,12930,503],{"class":84},[48,12932,63],{"class":62},[48,12934,12935],{"class":66},"Liam",[48,12937,94],{"class":62},[48,12939,365],{"class":84},[48,12941,63],{"class":62},[48,12943,9011],{"class":66},[48,12945,94],{"class":62},[48,12947,503],{"class":84},[48,12949,9018],{"class":488},[48,12951,9021],{"class":84},[48,12953,12954,12957,12959,12962,12964,12966],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,12955,12956],{"class":54},"person_copy ",[48,12958,59],{"class":58},[48,12960,12961],{"class":54}," person",[48,12963,32],{"class":84},[48,12965,12625],{"class":87},[48,12967,8353],{"class":84},[48,12969,12970],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,12971,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12973,12974,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12988,12991],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,12975,12976],{"class":54},"person_copy",[48,12978,3605],{"class":84},[48,12980,94],{"class":62},[48,12982,9011],{"class":66},[48,12984,94],{"class":62},[48,12986,12987],{"class":84},"]",[48,12989,12990],{"class":58}," =",[48,12992,12993],{"class":488}," 26\n",[48,12995,12996],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,12997,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,12999,13000,13002,13004,13006,13009,13011,13013,13015],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,13001,109],{"class":108},[48,13003,91],{"class":84},[48,13005,94],{"class":62},[48,13007,13008],{"class":66},"Original:",[48,13010,94],{"class":62},[48,13012,365],{"class":84},[48,13014,12961],{"class":87},[48,13016,102],{"class":84},[48,13018,13019,13021,13023,13025,13028,13030,13032,13035],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,13020,109],{"class":108},[48,13022,91],{"class":84},[48,13024,94],{"class":62},[48,13026,13027],{"class":66},"Copy:",[48,13029,94],{"class":62},[48,13031,365],{"class":84},[48,13033,13034],{"class":87}," person_copy",[48,13036,102],{"class":84},[20,13038,13039],{},[565,13040,1037],{},[39,13042,13044],{"className":41,"code":13043,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13045,13046,13083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13047,13048,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13049,13050],{"class":54},"Original",[48,13052,503],{"class":84},[48,13054,10203],{"class":84},[48,13056,3001],{"class":62},[48,13058,7377],{"class":66},[48,13060,3001],{"class":62},[48,13062,503],{"class":84},[48,13064,2996],{"class":62},[48,13066,12935],{"class":66},[48,13068,3001],{"class":62},[48,13070,365],{"class":84},[48,13072,2996],{"class":62},[48,13074,9011],{"class":66},[48,13076,3001],{"class":62},[48,13078,503],{"class":84},[48,13080,9018],{"class":488},[48,13082,9021],{"class":84},[48,13084,13085,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112,13114,13116,13119],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13086,13087],{"class":54},"Copy",[48,13089,503],{"class":84},[48,13091,10203],{"class":84},[48,13093,3001],{"class":62},[48,13095,7377],{"class":66},[48,13097,3001],{"class":62},[48,13099,503],{"class":84},[48,13101,2996],{"class":62},[48,13103,12935],{"class":66},[48,13105,3001],{"class":62},[48,13107,365],{"class":84},[48,13109,2996],{"class":62},[48,13111,9011],{"class":66},[48,13113,3001],{"class":62},[48,13115,503],{"class":84},[48,13117,13118],{"class":488}," 26",[48,13120,9021],{"class":84},[20,13122,13123],{},"What happened here:",[162,13125,13126,13132,13139],{},[165,13127,13128,13131],{},[15,13129,13130],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[165,13133,13134,13135,13138],{},"Changing ",[15,13136,13137],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[165,13140,13141],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13143,13144],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[34,13146,13148],{"id":13147},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13150,13151,12561,13153,32],{},[15,13152,12490],{},[565,13154,12564],{},[20,13156,570],{},[162,13158,13159,13162,13165],{},[165,13160,13161],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[165,13163,13164],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[165,13166,13167],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13169,182],{},[39,13171,13173],{"className":41,"code":13172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13174,13175,13183,13201,13224,13228,13232,13246,13250,13275,13279,13297,13316,13331],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13176,13177,13179,13181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13178,12577],{"class":54},[48,13180,59],{"class":58},[48,13182,11205],{"class":84},[48,13184,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13186,11210],{"class":62},[48,13188,7377],{"class":66},[48,13190,94],{"class":62},[48,13192,503],{"class":84},[48,13194,63],{"class":62},[48,13196,12594],{"class":66},[48,13198,94],{"class":62},[48,13200,11226],{"class":84},[48,13202,13203,13205,13208,13210,13212,13214,13217,13219,13222],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,13204,11210],{"class":62},[48,13206,13207],{"class":66},"grades",[48,13209,94],{"class":62},[48,13211,503],{"class":84},[48,13213,3326],{"class":84},[48,13215,13216],{"class":488},"90",[48,13218,365],{"class":84},[48,13220,13221],{"class":488}," 85",[48,13223,3339],{"class":84},[48,13225,13226],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,13227,9021],{"class":84},[48,13229,13230],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,13231,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13233,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,13235,12615],{"class":54},[48,13237,59],{"class":58},[48,13239,12620],{"class":54},[48,13241,32],{"class":84},[48,13243,12625],{"class":87},[48,13245,8353],{"class":84},[48,13247,13248],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,13249,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13251,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13265,13268,13270,13273],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,13253,12640],{"class":54},[48,13255,3605],{"class":84},[48,13257,94],{"class":62},[48,13259,13207],{"class":66},[48,13261,94],{"class":62},[48,13263,13264],{"class":84},"].",[48,13266,13267],{"class":87},"append",[48,13269,91],{"class":84},[48,13271,13272],{"class":488},"100",[48,13274,102],{"class":84},[48,13276,13277],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,13278,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13280,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,13282,109],{"class":108},[48,13284,91],{"class":84},[48,13286,94],{"class":62},[48,13288,13008],{"class":66},[48,13290,94],{"class":62},[48,13292,365],{"class":84},[48,13294,12620],{"class":87},[48,13296,102],{"class":84},[48,13298,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13314],{"class":50,"line":11307},[48,13300,109],{"class":108},[48,13302,91],{"class":84},[48,13304,94],{"class":62},[48,13306,13027],{"class":66},[48,13308,94],{"class":62},[48,13310,365],{"class":84},[48,13312,13313],{"class":87}," student_copy",[48,13315,102],{"class":84},[48,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329],{"class":50,"line":13318},12,[48,13320,109],{"class":108},[48,13322,91],{"class":84},[48,13324,12577],{"class":87},[48,13326,11907],{"class":1107},[48,13328,13313],{"class":87},[48,13330,102],{"class":84},[48,13332,13334,13336,13338,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363],{"class":50,"line":13333},13,[48,13335,109],{"class":108},[48,13337,91],{"class":84},[48,13339,13340],{"class":87},"student",[48,13342,3605],{"class":84},[48,13344,94],{"class":62},[48,13346,13207],{"class":66},[48,13348,94],{"class":62},[48,13350,12987],{"class":84},[48,13352,7807],{"class":1107},[48,13354,13313],{"class":87},[48,13356,3605],{"class":84},[48,13358,94],{"class":62},[48,13360,13207],{"class":66},[48,13362,94],{"class":62},[48,13364,3593],{"class":84},[20,13366,13367],{},[565,13368,1037],{},[39,13370,13372],{"className":41,"code":13371,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13373,13374,13421,13467,13471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13375,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13377,13050],{"class":54},[48,13379,503],{"class":84},[48,13381,10203],{"class":84},[48,13383,3001],{"class":62},[48,13385,7377],{"class":66},[48,13387,3001],{"class":62},[48,13389,503],{"class":84},[48,13391,2996],{"class":62},[48,13393,12594],{"class":66},[48,13395,3001],{"class":62},[48,13397,365],{"class":84},[48,13399,2996],{"class":62},[48,13401,13207],{"class":66},[48,13403,3001],{"class":62},[48,13405,503],{"class":84},[48,13407,3326],{"class":84},[48,13409,13216],{"class":488},[48,13411,365],{"class":84},[48,13413,13221],{"class":488},[48,13415,365],{"class":84},[48,13417,9830],{"class":488},[48,13419,13420],{"class":84},"]}\n",[48,13422,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13424,13087],{"class":54},[48,13426,503],{"class":84},[48,13428,10203],{"class":84},[48,13430,3001],{"class":62},[48,13432,7377],{"class":66},[48,13434,3001],{"class":62},[48,13436,503],{"class":84},[48,13438,2996],{"class":62},[48,13440,12594],{"class":66},[48,13442,3001],{"class":62},[48,13444,365],{"class":84},[48,13446,2996],{"class":62},[48,13448,13207],{"class":66},[48,13450,3001],{"class":62},[48,13452,503],{"class":84},[48,13454,3326],{"class":84},[48,13456,13216],{"class":488},[48,13458,365],{"class":84},[48,13460,13221],{"class":488},[48,13462,365],{"class":84},[48,13464,9830],{"class":488},[48,13466,13420],{"class":84},[48,13468,13469],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,13470,3746],{"class":3556},[48,13472,13473],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,13474,3685],{"class":3556},[20,13476,13477],{},"Notice the difference:",[162,13479,13480,13488],{},[165,13481,13482,4489,13485,13487],{},[15,13483,13484],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13486,3379],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[165,13489,13490,4489,13493,13495],{},[15,13491,13492],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13494,3306],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13497,13498],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13500,13501,13502,32],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[224,13503,13505],{"href":13504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[34,13507,4667,13509],{"id":13508},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13510,12490],{},[20,13512,139,13513,10313],{},[15,13514,12490],{},[162,13516,13517,13520,13523,13526],{},[165,13518,13519],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[165,13521,13522],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[165,13524,13525],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[165,13527,13528],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13530,182],{},[39,13532,13534],{"className":41,"code":13533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13535,13536,13575,13591,13595,13615,13619,13638],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13537,13538,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561,13563,13566,13568,13570,13573],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13539,13540],{"class":54},"settings ",[48,13542,59],{"class":58},[48,13544,10203],{"class":84},[48,13546,94],{"class":62},[48,13548,12208],{"class":66},[48,13550,94],{"class":62},[48,13552,503],{"class":84},[48,13554,63],{"class":62},[48,13556,12217],{"class":66},[48,13558,94],{"class":62},[48,13560,365],{"class":84},[48,13562,63],{"class":62},[48,13564,13565],{"class":66},"font_size",[48,13567,94],{"class":62},[48,13569,503],{"class":84},[48,13571,13572],{"class":488}," 14",[48,13574,9021],{"class":84},[48,13576,13577,13580,13582,13585,13587,13589],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13578,13579],{"class":54},"settings_backup ",[48,13581,59],{"class":58},[48,13583,13584],{"class":54}," settings",[48,13586,32],{"class":84},[48,13588,12625],{"class":87},[48,13590,8353],{"class":84},[48,13592,13593],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,13594,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13596,13597,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,13598,13599],{"class":54},"settings",[48,13601,3605],{"class":84},[48,13603,94],{"class":62},[48,13605,13565],{"class":66},[48,13607,94],{"class":62},[48,13609,12987],{"class":84},[48,13611,12990],{"class":58},[48,13613,13614],{"class":488}," 16\n",[48,13616,13617],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,13618,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13620,13621,13623,13625,13627,13630,13632,13634,13636],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,13622,109],{"class":108},[48,13624,91],{"class":84},[48,13626,94],{"class":62},[48,13628,13629],{"class":66},"Current:",[48,13631,94],{"class":62},[48,13633,365],{"class":84},[48,13635,13584],{"class":87},[48,13637,102],{"class":84},[48,13639,13640,13642,13644,13646,13649,13651,13653,13656],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,13641,109],{"class":108},[48,13643,91],{"class":84},[48,13645,94],{"class":62},[48,13647,13648],{"class":66},"Backup:",[48,13650,94],{"class":62},[48,13652,365],{"class":84},[48,13654,13655],{"class":87}," settings_backup",[48,13657,102],{"class":84},[20,13659,13660],{},[565,13661,1037],{},[39,13663,13665],{"className":41,"code":13664,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13666,13667,13705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13668,13669,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13670,13671],{"class":54},"Current",[48,13673,503],{"class":84},[48,13675,10203],{"class":84},[48,13677,3001],{"class":62},[48,13679,12208],{"class":66},[48,13681,3001],{"class":62},[48,13683,503],{"class":84},[48,13685,2996],{"class":62},[48,13687,12217],{"class":66},[48,13689,3001],{"class":62},[48,13691,365],{"class":84},[48,13693,2996],{"class":62},[48,13695,13565],{"class":66},[48,13697,3001],{"class":62},[48,13699,503],{"class":84},[48,13701,13702],{"class":488}," 16",[48,13704,9021],{"class":84},[48,13706,13707,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724,13726,13728,13730,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13708,13709],{"class":54},"Backup",[48,13711,503],{"class":84},[48,13713,10203],{"class":84},[48,13715,3001],{"class":62},[48,13717,12208],{"class":66},[48,13719,3001],{"class":62},[48,13721,503],{"class":84},[48,13723,2996],{"class":62},[48,13725,12217],{"class":66},[48,13727,3001],{"class":62},[48,13729,365],{"class":84},[48,13731,2996],{"class":62},[48,13733,13565],{"class":66},[48,13735,3001],{"class":62},[48,13737,503],{"class":84},[48,13739,13572],{"class":488},[48,13741,9021],{"class":84},[20,13743,13744,13745,1358,13751,32],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[224,13746,13748],{"href":13747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13749,13750],{},"dict.update()",[224,13752,13753],{"href":12537},[15,13754,11039],{},[34,13756,13758,13760],{"id":13757},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13759,12490],{}," vs assignment",[20,13762,13763],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13765,758,13766,13768,13769,13771],{},[15,13767,59],{}," does ",[565,13770,1055],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1200,13773,13775],{"id":13774},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[39,13777,13779],{"className":41,"code":13778,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13780,13781,13813,13822,13826,13846,13850,13868,13888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13782,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13784,11799],{"class":54},[48,13786,59],{"class":58},[48,13788,10203],{"class":84},[48,13790,94],{"class":62},[48,13792,1873],{"class":66},[48,13794,94],{"class":62},[48,13796,503],{"class":84},[48,13798,5204],{"class":488},[48,13800,365],{"class":84},[48,13802,63],{"class":62},[48,13804,11458],{"class":66},[48,13806,94],{"class":62},[48,13808,503],{"class":84},[48,13810,489],{"class":488},[48,13812,9021],{"class":84},[48,13814,13815,13818,13820],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13816,13817],{"class":54},"assigned ",[48,13819,59],{"class":58},[48,13821,11837],{"class":54},[48,13823,13824],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,13825,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13827,13828,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,13829,13830],{"class":54},"assigned",[48,13832,3605],{"class":84},[48,13834,94],{"class":62},[48,13836,1873],{"class":66},[48,13838,94],{"class":62},[48,13840,12987],{"class":84},[48,13842,12990],{"class":58},[48,13844,13845],{"class":488}," 99\n",[48,13847,13848],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,13849,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,13851,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,13853,109],{"class":108},[48,13855,91],{"class":84},[48,13857,94],{"class":62},[48,13859,13008],{"class":66},[48,13861,94],{"class":62},[48,13863,365],{"class":84},[48,13865,11874],{"class":87},[48,13867,102],{"class":84},[48,13869,13870,13872,13874,13876,13879,13881,13883,13886],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,13871,109],{"class":108},[48,13873,91],{"class":84},[48,13875,94],{"class":62},[48,13877,13878],{"class":66},"Assigned:",[48,13880,94],{"class":62},[48,13882,365],{"class":84},[48,13884,13885],{"class":87}," assigned",[48,13887,102],{"class":84},[48,13889,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,13891,109],{"class":108},[48,13893,91],{"class":84},[48,13895,11799],{"class":87},[48,13897,11907],{"class":1107},[48,13899,13885],{"class":87},[48,13901,102],{"class":84},[20,13903,13904],{},[565,13905,1037],{},[39,13907,13909],{"className":41,"code":13908,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13910,13911,13943,13976],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13912,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13914,13050],{"class":54},[48,13916,503],{"class":84},[48,13918,10203],{"class":84},[48,13920,3001],{"class":62},[48,13922,1873],{"class":66},[48,13924,3001],{"class":62},[48,13926,503],{"class":84},[48,13928,9909],{"class":488},[48,13930,365],{"class":84},[48,13932,2996],{"class":62},[48,13934,11458],{"class":66},[48,13936,3001],{"class":62},[48,13938,503],{"class":84},[48,13940,489],{"class":488},[48,13942,9021],{"class":84},[48,13944,13945,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,13946,13947],{"class":54},"Assigned",[48,13949,503],{"class":84},[48,13951,10203],{"class":84},[48,13953,3001],{"class":62},[48,13955,1873],{"class":66},[48,13957,3001],{"class":62},[48,13959,503],{"class":84},[48,13961,9909],{"class":488},[48,13963,365],{"class":84},[48,13965,2996],{"class":62},[48,13967,11458],{"class":66},[48,13969,3001],{"class":62},[48,13971,503],{"class":84},[48,13973,489],{"class":488},[48,13975,9021],{"class":84},[48,13977,13978],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,13979,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,13981,758,13983],{"id":13982},"using-copy",[15,13984,12490],{},[39,13986,13988],{"className":41,"code":13987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13989,13990,14022,14037,14041,14060,14064,14082,14102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,13991,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14018,14020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,13993,11799],{"class":54},[48,13995,59],{"class":58},[48,13997,10203],{"class":84},[48,13999,94],{"class":62},[48,14001,1873],{"class":66},[48,14003,94],{"class":62},[48,14005,503],{"class":84},[48,14007,5204],{"class":488},[48,14009,365],{"class":84},[48,14011,63],{"class":62},[48,14013,11458],{"class":66},[48,14015,94],{"class":62},[48,14017,503],{"class":84},[48,14019,489],{"class":488},[48,14021,9021],{"class":84},[48,14023,14024,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14025,14026],{"class":54},"copied ",[48,14028,59],{"class":58},[48,14030,11874],{"class":54},[48,14032,32],{"class":84},[48,14034,12625],{"class":87},[48,14036,8353],{"class":84},[48,14038,14039],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14040,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,14042,14043,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,14044,14045],{"class":54},"copied",[48,14047,3605],{"class":84},[48,14049,94],{"class":62},[48,14051,1873],{"class":66},[48,14053,94],{"class":62},[48,14055,12987],{"class":84},[48,14057,12990],{"class":58},[48,14059,13845],{"class":488},[48,14061,14062],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,14063,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,14065,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,14067,109],{"class":108},[48,14069,91],{"class":84},[48,14071,94],{"class":62},[48,14073,13008],{"class":66},[48,14075,94],{"class":62},[48,14077,365],{"class":84},[48,14079,11874],{"class":87},[48,14081,102],{"class":84},[48,14083,14084,14086,14088,14090,14093,14095,14097,14100],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,14085,109],{"class":108},[48,14087,91],{"class":84},[48,14089,94],{"class":62},[48,14091,14092],{"class":66},"Copied:",[48,14094,94],{"class":62},[48,14096,365],{"class":84},[48,14098,14099],{"class":87}," copied",[48,14101,102],{"class":84},[48,14103,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,14105,109],{"class":108},[48,14107,91],{"class":84},[48,14109,11799],{"class":87},[48,14111,11907],{"class":1107},[48,14113,14099],{"class":87},[48,14115,102],{"class":84},[20,14117,14118],{},[565,14119,1037],{},[39,14121,14123],{"className":41,"code":14122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14124,14125,14157,14190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14126,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14128,13050],{"class":54},[48,14130,503],{"class":84},[48,14132,10203],{"class":84},[48,14134,3001],{"class":62},[48,14136,1873],{"class":66},[48,14138,3001],{"class":62},[48,14140,503],{"class":84},[48,14142,5204],{"class":488},[48,14144,365],{"class":84},[48,14146,2996],{"class":62},[48,14148,11458],{"class":66},[48,14150,3001],{"class":62},[48,14152,503],{"class":84},[48,14154,489],{"class":488},[48,14156,9021],{"class":84},[48,14158,14159,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14160,14161],{"class":54},"Copied",[48,14163,503],{"class":84},[48,14165,10203],{"class":84},[48,14167,3001],{"class":62},[48,14169,1873],{"class":66},[48,14171,3001],{"class":62},[48,14173,503],{"class":84},[48,14175,9909],{"class":488},[48,14177,365],{"class":84},[48,14179,2996],{"class":62},[48,14181,11458],{"class":66},[48,14183,3001],{"class":62},[48,14185,503],{"class":84},[48,14187,489],{"class":488},[48,14189,9021],{"class":84},[48,14191,14192],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14193,3746],{"class":3556},[20,14195,14196],{},"Summary:",[162,14198,14199,14205],{},[165,14200,14201,14204],{},[15,14202,14203],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[165,14206,14207,14210],{},[15,14208,14209],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[34,14212,14214],{"id":14213},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14216,14217,503],{},[15,14218,12490],{},[162,14220,14221,14224,14227,14230],{},[165,14222,14223],{},"Returns a dictionary",[165,14225,14226],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[165,14228,14229],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[165,14231,14232],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14234,182],{},[39,14236,14238],{"className":41,"code":14237,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14239,14240,14272,14288,14292,14310,14330,14334,14352],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14243,8877],{"class":54},[48,14245,59],{"class":58},[48,14247,10203],{"class":84},[48,14249,94],{"class":62},[48,14251,224],{"class":66},[48,14253,94],{"class":62},[48,14255,503],{"class":84},[48,14257,5204],{"class":488},[48,14259,365],{"class":84},[48,14261,63],{"class":62},[48,14263,4466],{"class":66},[48,14265,94],{"class":62},[48,14267,503],{"class":84},[48,14269,489],{"class":488},[48,14271,9021],{"class":84},[48,14273,14274,14277,14279,14282,14284,14286],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14275,14276],{"class":54},"data_copy ",[48,14278,59],{"class":58},[48,14280,14281],{"class":54}," data",[48,14283,32],{"class":84},[48,14285,12625],{"class":87},[48,14287,8353],{"class":84},[48,14289,14290],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14291,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,14293,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,14295,8916],{"class":54},[48,14297,3605],{"class":84},[48,14299,94],{"class":62},[48,14301,224],{"class":66},[48,14303,94],{"class":62},[48,14305,12987],{"class":84},[48,14307,12990],{"class":58},[48,14309,2286],{"class":488},[48,14311,14312,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,14313,14314],{"class":54},"data_copy",[48,14316,3605],{"class":84},[48,14318,94],{"class":62},[48,14320,4466],{"class":66},[48,14322,94],{"class":62},[48,14324,12987],{"class":84},[48,14326,12990],{"class":58},[48,14328,14329],{"class":488}," 20\n",[48,14331,14332],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,14333,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,14335,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,14337,109],{"class":108},[48,14339,91],{"class":84},[48,14341,94],{"class":62},[48,14343,13008],{"class":66},[48,14345,94],{"class":62},[48,14347,365],{"class":84},[48,14349,14281],{"class":87},[48,14351,102],{"class":84},[48,14353,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14369],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,14355,109],{"class":108},[48,14357,91],{"class":84},[48,14359,94],{"class":62},[48,14361,13027],{"class":66},[48,14363,94],{"class":62},[48,14365,365],{"class":84},[48,14367,14368],{"class":87}," data_copy",[48,14370,102],{"class":84},[20,14372,14373],{},[565,14374,1037],{},[39,14376,14378],{"className":41,"code":14377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14379,14380,14412],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14381,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14383,13050],{"class":54},[48,14385,503],{"class":84},[48,14387,10203],{"class":84},[48,14389,3001],{"class":62},[48,14391,224],{"class":66},[48,14393,3001],{"class":62},[48,14395,503],{"class":84},[48,14397,5712],{"class":488},[48,14399,365],{"class":84},[48,14401,2996],{"class":62},[48,14403,4466],{"class":66},[48,14405,3001],{"class":62},[48,14407,503],{"class":84},[48,14409,489],{"class":488},[48,14411,9021],{"class":84},[48,14413,14414,14416,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14415,13087],{"class":54},[48,14417,503],{"class":84},[48,14419,10203],{"class":84},[48,14421,3001],{"class":62},[48,14423,224],{"class":66},[48,14425,3001],{"class":62},[48,14427,503],{"class":84},[48,14429,5204],{"class":488},[48,14431,365],{"class":84},[48,14433,2996],{"class":62},[48,14435,4466],{"class":66},[48,14437,3001],{"class":62},[48,14439,503],{"class":84},[48,14441,7500],{"class":488},[48,14443,9021],{"class":84},[34,14445,1366],{"id":1365},[20,14447,14448,14449,503],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14450,12148],{},[162,14452,14453,14460,14465,14470],{},[165,14454,758,14455,10804,14457,14459],{},[15,14456,59],{},[15,14458,12490],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[165,14461,1398,14462,14464],{},[15,14463,12490],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[165,14466,14467,14468],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14469,12490],{},[165,14471,14472],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14474,14475],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[39,14477,14479],{"className":41,"code":14478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14480,14481,14491,14501,14515,14538,14561],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14482,14483,14485,14487,14489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14484,109],{"class":108},[48,14486,91],{"class":84},[48,14488,11846],{"class":87},[48,14490,102],{"class":84},[48,14492,14493,14495,14497,14499],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14494,109],{"class":108},[48,14496,91],{"class":84},[48,14498,14045],{"class":87},[48,14500,102],{"class":84},[48,14502,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14504,109],{"class":108},[48,14506,91],{"class":84},[48,14508,11799],{"class":87},[48,14510,11907],{"class":1107},[48,14512,14099],{"class":87},[48,14514,102],{"class":84},[48,14516,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14532,14534,14536],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,14518,109],{"class":108},[48,14520,91],{"class":84},[48,14522,12363],{"class":108},[48,14524,91],{"class":84},[48,14526,11846],{"class":87},[48,14528,8945],{"class":84},[48,14530,14531],{"class":108}," id",[48,14533,91],{"class":84},[48,14535,14045],{"class":87},[48,14537,1034],{"class":84},[48,14539,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14557,14559],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,14541,109],{"class":108},[48,14543,91],{"class":84},[48,14545,12363],{"class":108},[48,14547,91],{"class":84},[48,14549,11846],{"class":87},[48,14551,3605],{"class":84},[48,14553,94],{"class":62},[48,14555,14556],{"class":66},"key",[48,14558,94],{"class":62},[48,14560,2697],{"class":84},[48,14562,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,14564,109],{"class":108},[48,14566,91],{"class":84},[48,14568,12363],{"class":108},[48,14570,91],{"class":84},[48,14572,14045],{"class":87},[48,14574,3605],{"class":84},[48,14576,94],{"class":62},[48,14578,14556],{"class":66},[48,14580,94],{"class":62},[48,14582,2697],{"class":84},[20,14584,14585],{},"What these help you check:",[162,14587,14588,14591,14594],{},[165,14589,14590],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[165,14592,14593],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[165,14595,14596],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14598,14599,14600,32],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[224,14601,14603],{"href":14602},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[34,14605,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,14607,12418,14609,14611],{"id":14608},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14610,12148],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14613,14614],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1200,14616,14618,14619,14621],{"id":14617},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14620,12148],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14623,14624],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1200,14626,1559,14628,500,14630,1564],{"id":14627},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14629,12490],{},[15,14631,59],{},[20,14633,14634,14636,14637,14639],{},[15,14635,12490],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14638,59],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1200,14641,14643],{"id":14642},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14645,14646],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[34,14648,1599],{"id":1598},[162,14650,14651,14655,14659,14663,14670,14676],{},[165,14652,14653],{},[224,14654,10955],{"href":12740},[165,14656,14657],{},[224,14658,8867],{"href":12737},[165,14660,14661],{},[224,14662,13505],{"href":13504},[165,14664,14665],{},[224,14666,10449,14667,754],{"href":13747},[15,14668,14669],{},"update()",[165,14671,14672],{},[224,14673,10449,14674,754],{"href":12537},[15,14675,11034],{},[165,14677,14678],{},[224,14679,14680],{"href":14602},"How to copy a list in Python",[1633,14682,14683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":14685},[14686,14687,14689,14690,14691,14692,14694,14700,14701,14702,14711],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":12709,"depth":73,"text":14688},"What the copy() method does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":13147,"depth":73,"text":13148},{"id":13508,"depth":73,"text":14693},"When to use copy()",{"id":13757,"depth":73,"text":14695,"children":14696},"copy() vs assignment",[14697,14698],{"id":13774,"depth":105,"text":13775},{"id":13982,"depth":105,"text":14699},"Using copy()",{"id":14213,"depth":73,"text":14214},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":14703},[14704,14706,14708,14710],{"id":14608,"depth":105,"text":14705},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14617,"depth":105,"text":14707},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14627,"depth":105,"text":14709},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14642,"depth":105,"text":14643},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12543,"description":14712},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14719,"title":14720,"body":14721,"description":16920,"extension":1666,"meta":16921,"navigation":122,"path":12740,"seo":16922,"stem":16923,"__hash__":16924},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14722,"toc":16882},[14723,14726,14732,14741,14743,14819,14823,14872,14875,14879,14893,14896,14900,14913,14916,14949,14963,14966,14978,14982,14985,14993,15073,15077,15130,15134,15152,15154,15236,15239,15241,15244,15247,15270,15294,15298,15306,15309,15313,15322,15327,15385,15389,15422,15428,15434,15437,15492,15496,15546,15549,15555,15558,15566,15568,15613,15618,15627,15630,15633,15680,15682,15687,15690,15784,15788,15841,15844,15900,15903,15907,15910,15924,15928,15994,15998,16023,16026,16030,16108,16112,16115,16118,16138,16141,16194,16198,16201,16204,16217,16219,16308,16315,16318,16329,16331,16334,16354,16358,16361,16370,16373,16412,16416,16418,16427,16436,16438,16476,16480,16527,16531,16552,16556,16559,16671,16676,16774,16796,16798,16802,16809,16813,16819,16823,16826,16830,16833,16840,16848,16850,16876,16879],[10,14724,14720],{"id":14725},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14727,14728,14729,14731],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[565,14730,8843],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14733,14734,14735,1358,14737,32],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[224,14736,8867],{"href":8866},[224,14738,14740],{"href":14739},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[34,14742,37],{"id":36},[39,14744,14746],{"className":41,"code":14745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14747,14748,14756,14774,14788,14801,14805,14809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14749,14750,14752,14754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14751,12577],{"class":54},[48,14753,59],{"class":58},[48,14755,11205],{"class":84},[48,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14759,11210],{"class":62},[48,14761,7377],{"class":66},[48,14763,94],{"class":62},[48,14765,503],{"class":84},[48,14767,63],{"class":62},[48,14769,12594],{"class":66},[48,14771,94],{"class":62},[48,14773,11226],{"class":84},[48,14775,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14777,11210],{"class":62},[48,14779,9011],{"class":66},[48,14781,94],{"class":62},[48,14783,503],{"class":84},[48,14785,7500],{"class":488},[48,14787,11226],{"class":84},[48,14789,14790,14792,14795,14797,14799],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,14791,11210],{"class":62},[48,14793,14794],{"class":66},"is_active",[48,14796,94],{"class":62},[48,14798,503],{"class":84},[48,14800,6130],{"class":3556},[48,14802,14803],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,14804,9021],{"class":84},[48,14806,14807],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,14808,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,14810,14811,14813,14815,14817],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,14812,109],{"class":108},[48,14814,91],{"class":84},[48,14816,13340],{"class":87},[48,14818,102],{"class":84},[20,14820,14821],{},[565,14822,1037],{},[39,14824,14826],{"className":41,"code":14825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14827,14828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14829,14830,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14831,8990],{"class":84},[48,14833,3001],{"class":62},[48,14835,7377],{"class":66},[48,14837,3001],{"class":62},[48,14839,503],{"class":84},[48,14841,2996],{"class":62},[48,14843,12594],{"class":66},[48,14845,3001],{"class":62},[48,14847,365],{"class":84},[48,14849,2996],{"class":62},[48,14851,9011],{"class":66},[48,14853,3001],{"class":62},[48,14855,503],{"class":84},[48,14857,7500],{"class":488},[48,14859,365],{"class":84},[48,14861,2996],{"class":62},[48,14863,14794],{"class":66},[48,14865,3001],{"class":62},[48,14867,503],{"class":84},[48,14869,3621],{"class":3556},[48,14871,9021],{"class":84},[20,14873,14874],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[34,14876,14878],{"id":14877},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[162,14880,14881,14884,14887,14890],{},[165,14882,14883],{},"What a dictionary is",[165,14885,14886],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[165,14888,14889],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[165,14891,14892],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[34,14894,14883],{"id":14895},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14897,8840,14898,32],{},[565,14899,8843],{},[162,14901,14902,14908],{},[165,14903,14904,14905,14907],{},"A ",[565,14906,14556],{}," is the label",[165,14909,14904,14910,14912],{},[565,14911,362],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14914,14915],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[39,14917,14919],{"className":41,"code":14918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14920,14921,14929,14945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14922,14923,14925,14927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,14924,12577],{"class":54},[48,14926,59],{"class":58},[48,14928,11205],{"class":84},[48,14930,14931,14933,14935,14937,14939,14941,14943],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,14932,11210],{"class":62},[48,14934,7377],{"class":66},[48,14936,94],{"class":62},[48,14938,503],{"class":84},[48,14940,63],{"class":62},[48,14942,12594],{"class":66},[48,14944,70],{"class":62},[48,14946,14947],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,14948,9021],{"class":84},[162,14950,14951,14957],{},[165,14952,14953,14956],{},[15,14954,14955],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[165,14958,14959,14962],{},[15,14960,14961],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14964,14965],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[162,14967,14968,14970,14972,14975],{},[165,14969,7377],{},[165,14971,9011],{},[165,14973,14974],{},"email",[165,14976,14977],{},"country",[34,14979,14981],{"id":14980},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14983,14984],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14986,139,14987,14989,14990,32],{},[15,14988,3497],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14991,14992],{},"key: value",[39,14994,14996],{"className":41,"code":14995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14997,14998,15006,15024,15038,15055,15059,15063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,14999,15000,15002,15004],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15001,12577],{"class":54},[48,15003,59],{"class":58},[48,15005,11205],{"class":84},[48,15007,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15009,11210],{"class":62},[48,15011,7377],{"class":66},[48,15013,94],{"class":62},[48,15015,503],{"class":84},[48,15017,63],{"class":62},[48,15019,12594],{"class":66},[48,15021,94],{"class":62},[48,15023,11226],{"class":84},[48,15025,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15027,11210],{"class":62},[48,15029,9011],{"class":66},[48,15031,94],{"class":62},[48,15033,503],{"class":84},[48,15035,7500],{"class":488},[48,15037,11226],{"class":84},[48,15039,15040,15042,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15041,11210],{"class":62},[48,15043,15044],{"class":66},"course",[48,15046,94],{"class":62},[48,15048,503],{"class":84},[48,15050,63],{"class":62},[48,15052,7005],{"class":66},[48,15054,70],{"class":62},[48,15056,15057],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15058,9021],{"class":84},[48,15060,15061],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,15062,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15064,15065,15067,15069,15071],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,15066,109],{"class":108},[48,15068,91],{"class":84},[48,15070,13340],{"class":87},[48,15072,102],{"class":84},[20,15074,15075],{},[565,15076,1037],{},[39,15078,15080],{"className":41,"code":15079,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15081,15082],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15083,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15112,15114,15116,15118,15120,15122,15124,15126,15128],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15085,8990],{"class":84},[48,15087,3001],{"class":62},[48,15089,7377],{"class":66},[48,15091,3001],{"class":62},[48,15093,503],{"class":84},[48,15095,2996],{"class":62},[48,15097,12594],{"class":66},[48,15099,3001],{"class":62},[48,15101,365],{"class":84},[48,15103,2996],{"class":62},[48,15105,9011],{"class":66},[48,15107,3001],{"class":62},[48,15109,503],{"class":84},[48,15111,7500],{"class":488},[48,15113,365],{"class":84},[48,15115,2996],{"class":62},[48,15117,15044],{"class":66},[48,15119,3001],{"class":62},[48,15121,503],{"class":84},[48,15123,2996],{"class":62},[48,15125,7005],{"class":66},[48,15127,3001],{"class":62},[48,15129,9021],{"class":84},[1200,15131,15133],{"id":15132},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[162,15135,15136,15141,15146,15149],{},[165,15137,139,15138,15140],{},[15,15139,3497],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[165,15142,15143,15144],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15145,14992],{},[165,15147,15148],{},"Separate items with commas",[165,15150,15151],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15153,182],{},[39,15155,15157],{"className":41,"code":15156,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15158,15159,15168,15188,15204,15217,15221,15225],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15160,15161,15164,15166],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15162,15163],{"class":54},"book ",[48,15165,59],{"class":58},[48,15167,11205],{"class":84},[48,15169,15170,15172,15175,15177,15179,15181,15184,15186],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15171,11210],{"class":62},[48,15173,15174],{"class":66},"title",[48,15176,94],{"class":62},[48,15178,503],{"class":84},[48,15180,63],{"class":62},[48,15182,15183],{"class":66},"Python Basics",[48,15185,94],{"class":62},[48,15187,11226],{"class":84},[48,15189,15190,15192,15195,15197,15199,15202],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15191,11210],{"class":62},[48,15193,15194],{"class":66},"pages",[48,15196,94],{"class":62},[48,15198,503],{"class":84},[48,15200,15201],{"class":488}," 150",[48,15203,11226],{"class":84},[48,15205,15206,15208,15211,15213,15215],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15207,11210],{"class":62},[48,15209,15210],{"class":66},"available",[48,15212,94],{"class":62},[48,15214,503],{"class":84},[48,15216,6130],{"class":3556},[48,15218,15219],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15220,9021],{"class":84},[48,15222,15223],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,15224,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15226,15227,15229,15231,15234],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,15228,109],{"class":108},[48,15230,91],{"class":84},[48,15232,15233],{"class":87},"book",[48,15235,102],{"class":84},[20,15237,15238],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[34,15240,9115],{"id":9114},[20,15242,15243],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15245,15246],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[39,15248,15250],{"className":41,"code":15249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15251,15252,15260],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15253,15254,15256,15258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15255,8877],{"class":54},[48,15257,59],{"class":58},[48,15259,9550],{"class":84},[48,15261,15262,15264,15266,15268],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15263,109],{"class":108},[48,15265,91],{"class":84},[48,15267,8916],{"class":87},[48,15269,102],{"class":84},[39,15271,15272],{"className":41,"code":9118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,15273,15274,15284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15275,15276,15278,15280,15282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15277,8877],{"class":54},[48,15279,59],{"class":58},[48,15281,8882],{"class":1047},[48,15283,8353],{"class":84},[48,15285,15286,15288,15290,15292],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15287,109],{"class":108},[48,15289,91],{"class":84},[48,15291,8916],{"class":87},[48,15293,102],{"class":84},[20,15295,15296],{},[565,15297,1037],{},[39,15299,15300],{"className":41,"code":9147,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,15301,15302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15303,15304],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15305,9147],{"class":84},[20,15307,15308],{},"Both are correct.",[1200,15310,15312],{"id":15311},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15314,15315,15317,15318,15321],{},[15,15316,3497],{}," creates an empty ",[565,15319,15320],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15323,15324,15325,32],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15326,3502],{},[39,15328,15330],{"className":41,"code":15329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15331,15332,15340,15352,15356,15370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15333,15334,15336,15338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15335,11437],{"class":54},[48,15337,59],{"class":58},[48,15339,9550],{"class":84},[48,15341,15342,15345,15347,15350],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15343,15344],{"class":54},"my_set ",[48,15346,59],{"class":58},[48,15348,15349],{"class":1047}," set",[48,15351,8353],{"class":84},[48,15353,15354],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15357,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15359,109],{"class":108},[48,15361,91],{"class":84},[48,15363,2921],{"class":1047},[48,15365,91],{"class":84},[48,15367,11161],{"class":87},[48,15369,1034],{"class":84},[48,15371,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15383],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15373,109],{"class":108},[48,15375,91],{"class":84},[48,15377,2921],{"class":1047},[48,15379,91],{"class":84},[48,15381,15382],{"class":87},"my_set",[48,15384,1034],{"class":84},[20,15386,15387],{},[565,15388,1037],{},[39,15390,15392],{"className":41,"code":15391,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15393,15394,15408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15395,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15397,2990],{"class":58},[48,15399,2993],{"class":1767},[48,15401,2996],{"class":62},[48,15403,8532],{"class":66},[48,15405,3001],{"class":62},[48,15407,3004],{"class":58},[48,15409,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15411,2990],{"class":58},[48,15413,2993],{"class":1767},[48,15415,2996],{"class":62},[48,15417,5995],{"class":66},[48,15419,3001],{"class":62},[48,15421,3004],{"class":58},[34,15423,15425,15426],{"id":15424},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15427,8831],{},[20,15429,15430,15431,15433],{},"You can also use ",[15,15432,8831],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15435,15436],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[39,15438,15440],{"className":41,"code":15439,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15441,15442,15482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15443,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15471,15473,15476,15478,15480],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15445,12577],{"class":54},[48,15447,59],{"class":58},[48,15449,8882],{"class":1047},[48,15451,91],{"class":84},[48,15453,7377],{"class":8887},[48,15455,59],{"class":58},[48,15457,94],{"class":62},[48,15459,12594],{"class":66},[48,15461,94],{"class":62},[48,15463,365],{"class":84},[48,15465,8900],{"class":8887},[48,15467,59],{"class":58},[48,15469,15470],{"class":488},"20",[48,15472,365],{"class":84},[48,15474,15475],{"class":8887}," active",[48,15477,59],{"class":58},[48,15479,3306],{"class":3556},[48,15481,102],{"class":84},[48,15483,15484,15486,15488,15490],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15485,109],{"class":108},[48,15487,91],{"class":84},[48,15489,13340],{"class":87},[48,15491,102],{"class":84},[20,15493,15494],{},[565,15495,1037],{},[39,15497,15499],{"className":41,"code":15498,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15500,15501],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15502,15503,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515,15517,15519,15521,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15538,15540,15542,15544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15504,8990],{"class":84},[48,15506,3001],{"class":62},[48,15508,7377],{"class":66},[48,15510,3001],{"class":62},[48,15512,503],{"class":84},[48,15514,2996],{"class":62},[48,15516,12594],{"class":66},[48,15518,3001],{"class":62},[48,15520,365],{"class":84},[48,15522,2996],{"class":62},[48,15524,9011],{"class":66},[48,15526,3001],{"class":62},[48,15528,503],{"class":84},[48,15530,7500],{"class":488},[48,15532,365],{"class":84},[48,15534,2996],{"class":62},[48,15536,15537],{"class":66},"active",[48,15539,3001],{"class":62},[48,15541,503],{"class":84},[48,15543,3621],{"class":3556},[48,15545,9021],{"class":84},[20,15547,15548],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1200,15550,15552,15553],{"id":15551},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15554,8831],{},[20,15556,15557],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[162,15559,15560,15563],{},[165,15561,15562],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[165,15564,15565],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15567,6395],{},[39,15569,15571],{"className":41,"code":15570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15572,15573,15603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15574,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15576,11200],{"class":54},[48,15578,59],{"class":58},[48,15580,8882],{"class":1047},[48,15582,91],{"class":84},[48,15584,7377],{"class":8887},[48,15586,59],{"class":58},[48,15588,94],{"class":62},[48,15590,7386],{"class":66},[48,15592,94],{"class":62},[48,15594,365],{"class":84},[48,15596,8900],{"class":8887},[48,15598,59],{"class":58},[48,15600,8905],{"class":488},[48,15602,102],{"class":84},[48,15604,15605,15607,15609,15611],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15606,109],{"class":108},[48,15608,91],{"class":84},[48,15610,11294],{"class":87},[48,15612,102],{"class":84},[20,15614,4333,15615,15617],{},[565,15616,1055],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[39,15619,15621],{"className":41,"code":15620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15622,15623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15624,15625],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15626,15620],{"class":129},[20,15628,15629],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15631,15632],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[39,15634,15636],{"className":41,"code":15635,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15637,15638,15646,15662,15666,15670],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15639,15640,15642,15644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15641,11200],{"class":54},[48,15643,59],{"class":58},[48,15645,11205],{"class":84},[48,15647,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15649,11210],{"class":62},[48,15651,10208],{"class":66},[48,15653,94],{"class":62},[48,15655,503],{"class":84},[48,15657,63],{"class":62},[48,15659,7386],{"class":66},[48,15661,70],{"class":62},[48,15663,15664],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15665,9021],{"class":84},[48,15667,15668],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15669,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15673,109],{"class":108},[48,15675,91],{"class":84},[48,15677,11294],{"class":87},[48,15679,102],{"class":84},[34,15681,9157],{"id":9156},[20,15683,15684,15686],{},[15,15685,8831],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15688,15689],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[39,15691,15693],{"className":41,"code":15692,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15694,15695,15752,15756,15770,15774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15696,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737,15739,15741,15743,15745,15748,15750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15698,8927],{"class":54},[48,15700,59],{"class":58},[48,15702,8932],{"class":84},[48,15704,94],{"class":62},[48,15706,7377],{"class":66},[48,15708,94],{"class":62},[48,15710,365],{"class":84},[48,15712,63],{"class":62},[48,15714,12594],{"class":66},[48,15716,94],{"class":62},[48,15718,8945],{"class":84},[48,15720,8948],{"class":84},[48,15722,94],{"class":62},[48,15724,9011],{"class":66},[48,15726,94],{"class":62},[48,15728,365],{"class":84},[48,15730,7500],{"class":488},[48,15732,8945],{"class":84},[48,15734,8948],{"class":84},[48,15736,94],{"class":62},[48,15738,10121],{"class":66},[48,15740,94],{"class":62},[48,15742,365],{"class":84},[48,15744,63],{"class":62},[48,15746,15747],{"class":66},"Lima",[48,15749,94],{"class":62},[48,15751,8961],{"class":84},[48,15753,15754],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15755,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15757,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15759,12577],{"class":54},[48,15761,59],{"class":58},[48,15763,8882],{"class":1047},[48,15765,91],{"class":84},[48,15767,8974],{"class":87},[48,15769,102],{"class":84},[48,15771,15772],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15775,15776,15778,15780,15782],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15777,109],{"class":108},[48,15779,91],{"class":84},[48,15781,13340],{"class":87},[48,15783,102],{"class":84},[20,15785,15786],{},[565,15787,1037],{},[39,15789,15791],{"className":41,"code":15790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15792,15793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15794,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15796,8990],{"class":84},[48,15798,3001],{"class":62},[48,15800,7377],{"class":66},[48,15802,3001],{"class":62},[48,15804,503],{"class":84},[48,15806,2996],{"class":62},[48,15808,12594],{"class":66},[48,15810,3001],{"class":62},[48,15812,365],{"class":84},[48,15814,2996],{"class":62},[48,15816,9011],{"class":66},[48,15818,3001],{"class":62},[48,15820,503],{"class":84},[48,15822,7500],{"class":488},[48,15824,365],{"class":84},[48,15826,2996],{"class":62},[48,15828,10121],{"class":66},[48,15830,3001],{"class":62},[48,15832,503],{"class":84},[48,15834,2996],{"class":62},[48,15836,15747],{"class":66},[48,15838,3001],{"class":62},[48,15840,9021],{"class":84},[20,15842,15843],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[39,15845,15847],{"className":41,"code":15846,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15848,15849,15890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15850,15851,15853,15855,15857,15860,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15852,12577],{"class":54},[48,15854,59],{"class":58},[48,15856,8882],{"class":1047},[48,15858,15859],{"class":84},"(((",[48,15861,94],{"class":62},[48,15863,7377],{"class":66},[48,15865,94],{"class":62},[48,15867,365],{"class":84},[48,15869,63],{"class":62},[48,15871,12594],{"class":66},[48,15873,94],{"class":62},[48,15875,8945],{"class":84},[48,15877,8948],{"class":84},[48,15879,94],{"class":62},[48,15881,9011],{"class":66},[48,15883,94],{"class":62},[48,15885,365],{"class":84},[48,15887,7500],{"class":488},[48,15889,2610],{"class":84},[48,15891,15892,15894,15896,15898],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15893,109],{"class":108},[48,15895,91],{"class":84},[48,15897,13340],{"class":87},[48,15899,102],{"class":84},[20,15901,15902],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[34,15904,15906],{"id":15905},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15908,15909],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[162,15911,15912,15915,15918,15921],{},[165,15913,15914],{},"Keys must be unique",[165,15916,15917],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[165,15919,15920],{},"Values can repeat",[165,15922,15923],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1200,15925,15927],{"id":15926},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[39,15929,15931],{"className":41,"code":15930,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15932,15933,15941,15959,15976,15980,15984],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,15934,15935,15937,15939],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,15936,8877],{"class":54},[48,15938,59],{"class":58},[48,15940,11205],{"class":84},[48,15942,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,15944,11210],{"class":62},[48,15946,7377],{"class":66},[48,15948,94],{"class":62},[48,15950,503],{"class":84},[48,15952,63],{"class":62},[48,15954,12594],{"class":66},[48,15956,94],{"class":62},[48,15958,11226],{"class":84},[48,15960,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15974],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,15962,11210],{"class":62},[48,15964,7377],{"class":66},[48,15966,94],{"class":62},[48,15968,503],{"class":84},[48,15970,63],{"class":62},[48,15972,15973],{"class":66},"Maria",[48,15975,70],{"class":62},[48,15977,15978],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,15979,9021],{"class":84},[48,15981,15982],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,15983,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,15985,15986,15988,15990,15992],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,15987,109],{"class":108},[48,15989,91],{"class":84},[48,15991,8916],{"class":87},[48,15993,102],{"class":84},[20,15995,15996],{},[565,15997,1037],{},[39,15999,16001],{"className":41,"code":16000,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16002,16003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16004,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16006,8990],{"class":84},[48,16008,3001],{"class":62},[48,16010,7377],{"class":66},[48,16012,3001],{"class":62},[48,16014,503],{"class":84},[48,16016,2996],{"class":62},[48,16018,15973],{"class":66},[48,16020,3001],{"class":62},[48,16022,9021],{"class":84},[20,16024,16025],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1200,16027,16029],{"id":16028},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[39,16031,16033],{"className":41,"code":16032,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16034,16035,16043,16059,16075,16089,16093,16097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16036,16037,16039,16041],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16038,4770],{"class":54},[48,16040,59],{"class":58},[48,16042,11205],{"class":84},[48,16044,16045,16048,16050,16052,16055,16057],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16046,16047],{"class":488},"    1",[48,16049,503],{"class":84},[48,16051,63],{"class":62},[48,16053,16054],{"class":66},"low",[48,16056,94],{"class":62},[48,16058,11226],{"class":84},[48,16060,16061,16064,16066,16068,16071,16073],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16062,16063],{"class":488},"    2",[48,16065,503],{"class":84},[48,16067,63],{"class":62},[48,16069,16070],{"class":66},"medium",[48,16072,94],{"class":62},[48,16074,11226],{"class":84},[48,16076,16077,16080,16082,16084,16087],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,16078,16079],{"class":488},"    3",[48,16081,503],{"class":84},[48,16083,63],{"class":62},[48,16085,16086],{"class":66},"high",[48,16088,70],{"class":62},[48,16090,16091],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,16092,9021],{"class":84},[48,16094,16095],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,16096,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,16098,16099,16101,16103,16106],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,16100,109],{"class":108},[48,16102,91],{"class":84},[48,16104,16105],{"class":87},"scores",[48,16107,102],{"class":84},[1200,16109,16111],{"id":16110},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16113,16114],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16116,16117],{},"This will cause an error:",[39,16119,16121],{"className":41,"code":16120,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16122,16123,16128,16133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16124,16125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16126,16127],{"class":129},"# bad = {\n",[48,16129,16130],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16131,16132],{"class":129},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[48,16134,16135],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16136,16137],{"class":129},"# }\n",[20,16139,16140],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[39,16142,16144],{"className":41,"code":16143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16145,16146,16155,16175,16179,16183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16147,16148,16151,16153],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16149,16150],{"class":54},"good ",[48,16152,59],{"class":58},[48,16154,11205],{"class":84},[48,16156,16157,16160,16162,16164,16166,16169,16171,16173],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16158,16159],{"class":84},"    (",[48,16161,272],{"class":488},[48,16163,365],{"class":84},[48,16165,489],{"class":488},[48,16167,16168],{"class":84},"):",[48,16170,63],{"class":62},[48,16172,3353],{"class":66},[48,16174,70],{"class":62},[48,16176,16177],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16178,9021],{"class":84},[48,16180,16181],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,16182,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,16184,16185,16187,16189,16192],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,16186,109],{"class":108},[48,16188,91],{"class":84},[48,16190,16191],{"class":87},"good",[48,16193,102],{"class":84},[34,16195,16197],{"id":16196},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16199,16200],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16202,16203],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[162,16205,16206,16209,16211,16214],{},[165,16207,16208],{},"user data",[165,16210,13599],{},[165,16212,16213],{},"counters",[165,16215,16216],{},"lookups",[20,16218,182],{},[39,16220,16222],{"className":41,"code":16221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16223,16224,16232,16251,16270,16282,16286,16290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16225,16226,16228,16230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16227,11200],{"class":54},[48,16229,59],{"class":58},[48,16231,11205],{"class":84},[48,16233,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16247,16249],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16235,11210],{"class":62},[48,16237,7696],{"class":66},[48,16239,94],{"class":62},[48,16241,503],{"class":84},[48,16243,63],{"class":62},[48,16245,16246],{"class":66},"ana123",[48,16248,94],{"class":62},[48,16250,11226],{"class":84},[48,16252,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16266,16268],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16254,11210],{"class":62},[48,16256,14974],{"class":66},[48,16258,94],{"class":62},[48,16260,503],{"class":84},[48,16262,63],{"class":62},[48,16264,16265],{"class":66},"ana@example.com",[48,16267,94],{"class":62},[48,16269,11226],{"class":84},[48,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,16273,11210],{"class":62},[48,16275,12228],{"class":66},[48,16277,94],{"class":62},[48,16279,503],{"class":84},[48,16281,6130],{"class":3556},[48,16283,16284],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,16285,9021],{"class":84},[48,16287,16288],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,16289,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,16291,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,16293,109],{"class":108},[48,16295,91],{"class":84},[48,16297,11294],{"class":87},[48,16299,3605],{"class":84},[48,16301,94],{"class":62},[48,16303,14974],{"class":66},[48,16305,94],{"class":62},[48,16307,3593],{"class":84},[20,16309,16310,16311,32],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[224,16312,16314],{"href":16313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16316,16317],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[162,16319,16320,16323,16326],{},[165,16321,16322],{},"labels are not needed",[165,16324,16325],{},"you mostly care about position",[165,16327,16328],{},"order matters more than named fields",[34,16330,1366],{"id":1365},[20,16332,16333],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[162,16335,16336,16339,16342,16345,16348],{},[165,16337,16338],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[165,16340,16341],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[165,16343,16344],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[165,16346,16347],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[165,16349,16350,16351,16353],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16352,3497],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1200,16355,16357],{"id":16356},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16359,16360],{},"Wrong:",[39,16362,16364],{"className":41,"code":16363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16365,16366],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16367,16368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16369,16363],{"class":129},[20,16371,16372],{},"Correct:",[39,16374,16376],{"className":41,"code":16375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16377,16378,16402],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16379,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16381,12577],{"class":54},[48,16383,59],{"class":58},[48,16385,10203],{"class":84},[48,16387,94],{"class":62},[48,16389,7377],{"class":66},[48,16391,94],{"class":62},[48,16393,503],{"class":84},[48,16395,63],{"class":62},[48,16397,12594],{"class":66},[48,16399,94],{"class":62},[48,16401,9021],{"class":84},[48,16403,16404,16406,16408,16410],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16405,109],{"class":108},[48,16407,91],{"class":84},[48,16409,13340],{"class":87},[48,16411,102],{"class":84},[1200,16413,16415],{"id":16414},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16417,16360],{},[39,16419,16421],{"className":41,"code":16420,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16422,16423],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16424,16425],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16426,16420],{"class":129},[20,16428,16429,16430,16432,16433,16435],{},"This only works if ",[15,16431,7377],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16434,14955],{},", use quotes.",[20,16437,16372],{},[39,16439,16440],{"className":41,"code":16375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,16441,16442,16466],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16443,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452,16454,16456,16458,16460,16462,16464],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16445,12577],{"class":54},[48,16447,59],{"class":58},[48,16449,10203],{"class":84},[48,16451,94],{"class":62},[48,16453,7377],{"class":66},[48,16455,94],{"class":62},[48,16457,503],{"class":84},[48,16459,63],{"class":62},[48,16461,12594],{"class":66},[48,16463,94],{"class":62},[48,16465,9021],{"class":84},[48,16467,16468,16470,16472,16474],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16469,109],{"class":108},[48,16471,91],{"class":84},[48,16473,13340],{"class":87},[48,16475,102],{"class":84},[1200,16477,16479],{"id":16478},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[39,16481,16483],{"className":41,"code":16482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16484,16485,16517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16486,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16488,8877],{"class":54},[48,16490,59],{"class":58},[48,16492,10203],{"class":84},[48,16494,94],{"class":62},[48,16496,9011],{"class":66},[48,16498,94],{"class":62},[48,16500,503],{"class":84},[48,16502,7500],{"class":488},[48,16504,365],{"class":84},[48,16506,63],{"class":62},[48,16508,9011],{"class":66},[48,16510,94],{"class":62},[48,16512,503],{"class":84},[48,16514,7505],{"class":488},[48,16516,9021],{"class":84},[48,16518,16519,16521,16523,16525],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16520,109],{"class":108},[48,16522,91],{"class":84},[48,16524,8916],{"class":87},[48,16526,102],{"class":84},[20,16528,16529],{},[565,16530,1037],{},[39,16532,16534],{"className":41,"code":16533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16535,16536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16537,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16539,8990],{"class":84},[48,16541,3001],{"class":62},[48,16543,9011],{"class":66},[48,16545,3001],{"class":62},[48,16547,503],{"class":84},[48,16549,7505],{"class":488},[48,16551,9021],{"class":84},[34,16553,16555],{"id":16554},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16557,16558],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[39,16560,16562],{"className":41,"code":16561,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16563,16564,16600,16604,16614,16628,16643,16657],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16565,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16567,11437],{"class":54},[48,16569,59],{"class":58},[48,16571,10203],{"class":84},[48,16573,94],{"class":62},[48,16575,7377],{"class":66},[48,16577,94],{"class":62},[48,16579,503],{"class":84},[48,16581,63],{"class":62},[48,16583,12594],{"class":66},[48,16585,94],{"class":62},[48,16587,365],{"class":84},[48,16589,63],{"class":62},[48,16591,9011],{"class":66},[48,16593,94],{"class":62},[48,16595,503],{"class":84},[48,16597,7500],{"class":488},[48,16599,9021],{"class":84},[48,16601,16602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16603,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,16605,16606,16608,16610,16612],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16607,109],{"class":108},[48,16609,91],{"class":84},[48,16611,11161],{"class":87},[48,16613,102],{"class":84},[48,16615,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,16617,109],{"class":108},[48,16619,91],{"class":84},[48,16621,2921],{"class":1047},[48,16623,91],{"class":84},[48,16625,11161],{"class":87},[48,16627,1034],{"class":84},[48,16629,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16641],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,16631,109],{"class":108},[48,16633,91],{"class":84},[48,16635,11161],{"class":87},[48,16637,32],{"class":84},[48,16639,16640],{"class":87},"keys",[48,16642,6902],{"class":84},[48,16644,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,16646,109],{"class":108},[48,16648,91],{"class":84},[48,16650,11161],{"class":87},[48,16652,32],{"class":84},[48,16654,5065],{"class":87},[48,16656,6902],{"class":84},[48,16658,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,16660,109],{"class":108},[48,16662,91],{"class":84},[48,16664,10874],{"class":108},[48,16666,91],{"class":84},[48,16668,11161],{"class":87},[48,16670,1034],{"class":84},[20,16672,16673],{},[565,16674,16675],{},"Example output:",[39,16677,16679],{"className":41,"code":16678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16680,16681,16713,16727,16750,16769],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16682,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709,16711],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16684,8990],{"class":84},[48,16686,3001],{"class":62},[48,16688,7377],{"class":66},[48,16690,3001],{"class":62},[48,16692,503],{"class":84},[48,16694,2996],{"class":62},[48,16696,12594],{"class":66},[48,16698,3001],{"class":62},[48,16700,365],{"class":84},[48,16702,2996],{"class":62},[48,16704,9011],{"class":66},[48,16706,3001],{"class":62},[48,16708,503],{"class":84},[48,16710,7500],{"class":488},[48,16712,9021],{"class":84},[48,16714,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16716,2990],{"class":58},[48,16718,2993],{"class":1767},[48,16720,2996],{"class":62},[48,16722,8532],{"class":66},[48,16724,3001],{"class":62},[48,16726,3004],{"class":58},[48,16728,16729,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,16730,16731],{"class":87},"dict_keys",[48,16733,2684],{"class":84},[48,16735,3001],{"class":62},[48,16737,7377],{"class":66},[48,16739,3001],{"class":62},[48,16741,365],{"class":84},[48,16743,2996],{"class":62},[48,16745,9011],{"class":66},[48,16747,3001],{"class":62},[48,16749,3593],{"class":84},[48,16751,16752,16755,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,16753,16754],{"class":87},"dict_values",[48,16756,2684],{"class":84},[48,16758,3001],{"class":62},[48,16760,12594],{"class":66},[48,16762,3001],{"class":62},[48,16764,365],{"class":84},[48,16766,7500],{"class":488},[48,16768,3593],{"class":84},[48,16770,16771],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,16772,16773],{"class":488},"2\n",[20,16775,16776,16777,1888,16783,16789,16790,32],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[224,16778,10449,16780],{"href":16779},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16781,16782],{},"keys()",[224,16784,10449,16786],{"href":16785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16787,16788],{},"values()",", and ",[224,16791,10449,16793],{"href":16792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16794,16795],{},"items()",[34,16797,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,16799,16801],{"id":16800},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16803,139,16804,1358,16806,16808],{},[15,16805,3497],{},[15,16807,8831],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1200,16810,16812],{"id":16811},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16814,16815,16816,32],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16817,16818],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1200,16820,16822],{"id":16821},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16824,16825],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1200,16827,16829],{"id":16828},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16831,16832],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1200,16834,1559,16836,500,16838,1564],{"id":16835},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16837,3497],{},[15,16839,8831],{},[20,16841,16842,16844,16845,16847],{},[15,16843,3497],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16846,8831],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[34,16849,1599],{"id":1598},[162,16851,16852,16856,16862,16866,16872],{},[165,16853,16854],{},[224,16855,8867],{"href":8866},[165,16857,16858],{},[224,16859,10449,16860,754],{"href":10448},[15,16861,10452],{},[165,16863,16864],{},[224,16865,10964],{"href":10443},[165,16867,16868],{},[224,16869,16871],{"href":16870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[165,16873,16874],{},[224,16875,10975],{"href":10786},[20,16877,16878],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1633,16880,16881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":16883},[16884,16885,16886,16887,16890,16893,16898,16899,16904,16905,16910,16911,16919],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":14895,"depth":73,"text":14883},{"id":14980,"depth":73,"text":14981,"children":16888},[16889],{"id":15132,"depth":105,"text":15133},{"id":9114,"depth":73,"text":9115,"children":16891},[16892],{"id":15311,"depth":105,"text":15312},{"id":15424,"depth":73,"text":16894,"children":16895},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16896],{"id":15551,"depth":105,"text":16897},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9156,"depth":73,"text":9157},{"id":15905,"depth":73,"text":15906,"children":16900},[16901,16902,16903],{"id":15926,"depth":105,"text":15927},{"id":16028,"depth":105,"text":16029},{"id":16110,"depth":105,"text":16111},{"id":16196,"depth":73,"text":16197},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":16906},[16907,16908,16909],{"id":16356,"depth":105,"text":16357},{"id":16414,"depth":105,"text":16415},{"id":16478,"depth":105,"text":16479},{"id":16554,"depth":73,"text":16555},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":16912},[16913,16914,16915,16916,16917],{"id":16800,"depth":105,"text":16801},{"id":16811,"depth":105,"text":16812},{"id":16821,"depth":105,"text":16822},{"id":16828,"depth":105,"text":16829},{"id":16835,"depth":105,"text":16918},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14720,"description":16920},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16926,"title":16927,"body":16928,"description":19378,"extension":1666,"meta":19379,"navigation":122,"path":19380,"seo":19381,"stem":19382,"__hash__":19383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16929,"toc":19334},[16930,16936,16942,16945,16948,16950,17032,17038,17043,17047,17065,17077,17082,17086,17109,17113,17125,17133,17137,17143,17145,17148,17223,17225,17270,17272,17289,17294,17300,17305,17379,17381,17426,17429,17440,17442,17561,17563,17616,17623,17627,17630,17647,17653,17657,17755,17757,17809,17815,17819,17825,17828,17831,17858,17863,17867,17870,17974,17976,18021,18024,18027,18032,18037,18048,18050,18111,18171,18177,18185,18191,18196,18201,18261,18265,18332,18335,18339,18410,18413,18426,18433,18435,18439,18443,18514,18516,18553,18556,18559,18622,18629,18632,18674,18684,18687,18756,18762,18767,18851,18853,18902,18909,18915,18960,18962,18995,19000,19004,19010,19049,19093,19161,19204,19206,19212,19215,19219,19224,19228,19231,19235,19237,19298,19300,19326,19331],[10,16931,11031,16933,18],{"id":16932},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16934,16935],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16937,16938,16941],{},[15,16939,16940],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16943,16944],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16946,16947],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[34,16949,37],{"id":36},[39,16951,16953],{"className":41,"code":16952,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16954,16955,16988,17016,17027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,16956,16957,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,16958,16959],{"class":54},"keys ",[48,16961,59],{"class":58},[48,16963,3326],{"class":84},[48,16965,94],{"class":62},[48,16967,7377],{"class":66},[48,16969,94],{"class":62},[48,16971,365],{"class":84},[48,16973,63],{"class":62},[48,16975,9011],{"class":66},[48,16977,94],{"class":62},[48,16979,365],{"class":84},[48,16981,63],{"class":62},[48,16983,10121],{"class":66},[48,16985,94],{"class":62},[48,16987,3339],{"class":84},[48,16989,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17012,17014],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,16991,12918],{"class":54},[48,16993,59],{"class":58},[48,16995,8882],{"class":1047},[48,16997,32],{"class":84},[48,16999,17000],{"class":87},"fromkeys",[48,17002,91],{"class":84},[48,17004,16640],{"class":87},[48,17006,365],{"class":84},[48,17008,63],{"class":62},[48,17010,17011],{"class":66},"unknown",[48,17013,94],{"class":62},[48,17015,102],{"class":84},[48,17017,17018,17020,17022,17025],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17019,109],{"class":108},[48,17021,91],{"class":84},[48,17023,17024],{"class":87},"person",[48,17026,102],{"class":84},[48,17028,17029],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17030,17031],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17033,139,17034,17037],{},[15,17035,17036],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[34,17039,148,17041,152],{"id":17040},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17042,16940],{},[20,17044,17045,503],{},[15,17046,16940],{},[162,17048,17049,17052,17055,17058],{},[165,17050,17051],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[165,17053,17054],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[165,17056,17057],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[165,17059,17060,17061,17064],{},"Is called as ",[15,17062,17063],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17066,17067,17068,17070,17071,17073,17074,32],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17069,8532],{},", so you write ",[15,17072,17063],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17075,17076],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17078,17079,17080,32],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[224,17081,8867],{"href":12737},[34,17083,17085],{"id":17084},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[39,17087,17089],{"className":41,"code":17088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17090,17091],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17092,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17094,8532],{"class":1047},[48,17096,32],{"class":84},[48,17098,17000],{"class":87},[48,17100,91],{"class":84},[48,17102,3425],{"class":87},[48,17104,365],{"class":84},[48,17106,8144],{"class":87},[48,17108,102],{"class":84},[1200,17110,17112],{"id":17111},"parameters","Parameters",[162,17114,17115,17120],{},[165,17116,17117,17119],{},[15,17118,3425],{},": the keys to use",[165,17121,17122,17124],{},[15,17123,362],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17126,17127,17128,17130,17131,32],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17129,362],{},", each key gets ",[15,17132,3483],{},[1200,17134,17136],{"id":17135},"return-value","Return value",[20,17138,17139,17140,32],{},"It returns a ",[565,17141,17142],{},"new dictionary",[34,17144,5494],{"id":5493},[20,17146,17147],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[39,17149,17151],{"className":41,"code":17150,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17152,17153,17186,17208,17212],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17154,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17156,16959],{"class":54},[48,17158,59],{"class":58},[48,17160,3326],{"class":84},[48,17162,94],{"class":62},[48,17164,12806],{"class":66},[48,17166,94],{"class":62},[48,17168,365],{"class":84},[48,17170,63],{"class":62},[48,17172,17173],{"class":66},"green",[48,17175,94],{"class":62},[48,17177,365],{"class":84},[48,17179,63],{"class":62},[48,17181,12823],{"class":66},[48,17183,94],{"class":62},[48,17185,3339],{"class":84},[48,17187,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,17189,12789],{"class":54},[48,17191,59],{"class":58},[48,17193,8882],{"class":1047},[48,17195,32],{"class":84},[48,17197,17000],{"class":87},[48,17199,91],{"class":84},[48,17201,16640],{"class":87},[48,17203,365],{"class":84},[48,17205,961],{"class":488},[48,17207,102],{"class":84},[48,17209,17210],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17211,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17213,17214,17216,17218,17221],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17215,109],{"class":108},[48,17217,91],{"class":84},[48,17219,17220],{"class":87},"colors",[48,17222,102],{"class":84},[20,17224,1037],{},[39,17226,17228],{"className":41,"code":17227,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17229,17230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17231,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17233,8990],{"class":84},[48,17235,3001],{"class":62},[48,17237,12806],{"class":66},[48,17239,3001],{"class":62},[48,17241,503],{"class":84},[48,17243,961],{"class":488},[48,17245,365],{"class":84},[48,17247,2996],{"class":62},[48,17249,17173],{"class":66},[48,17251,3001],{"class":62},[48,17253,503],{"class":84},[48,17255,961],{"class":488},[48,17257,365],{"class":84},[48,17259,2996],{"class":62},[48,17261,12823],{"class":66},[48,17263,3001],{"class":62},[48,17265,503],{"class":84},[48,17267,961],{"class":488},[48,17269,9021],{"class":84},[20,17271,11396],{},[162,17273,17274,17279,17284],{},[165,17275,17276,17278],{},[15,17277,16640],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[165,17280,17281,17283],{},[15,17282,578],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[165,17285,17286,17288],{},[15,17287,16940],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17290,17291,17292,32],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[224,17293,9104],{"href":12740},[34,17295,758,17297,17299],{"id":17296},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17298,16935],{}," without a value",[20,17301,17302,17303,32],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17304,3483],{},[39,17306,17308],{"className":41,"code":17307,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17309,17310,17344,17364,17368],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17311,17312,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17340,17342],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17313,17314],{"class":54},"fields ",[48,17316,59],{"class":58},[48,17318,3326],{"class":84},[48,17320,94],{"class":62},[48,17322,7696],{"class":66},[48,17324,94],{"class":62},[48,17326,365],{"class":84},[48,17328,63],{"class":62},[48,17330,14974],{"class":66},[48,17332,94],{"class":62},[48,17334,365],{"class":84},[48,17336,63],{"class":62},[48,17338,17339],{"class":66},"password",[48,17341,94],{"class":62},[48,17343,3339],{"class":84},[48,17345,17346,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17362],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,17347,17348],{"class":54},"user_data ",[48,17350,59],{"class":58},[48,17352,8882],{"class":1047},[48,17354,32],{"class":84},[48,17356,17000],{"class":87},[48,17358,91],{"class":84},[48,17360,17361],{"class":87},"fields",[48,17363,102],{"class":84},[48,17365,17366],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17367,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17369,17370,17372,17374,17377],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17371,109],{"class":108},[48,17373,91],{"class":84},[48,17375,17376],{"class":87},"user_data",[48,17378,102],{"class":84},[20,17380,1037],{},[39,17382,17384],{"className":41,"code":17383,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17385,17386],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17387,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17422,17424],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17389,8990],{"class":84},[48,17391,3001],{"class":62},[48,17393,7696],{"class":66},[48,17395,3001],{"class":62},[48,17397,503],{"class":84},[48,17399,3557],{"class":3556},[48,17401,365],{"class":84},[48,17403,2996],{"class":62},[48,17405,14974],{"class":66},[48,17407,3001],{"class":62},[48,17409,503],{"class":84},[48,17411,3557],{"class":3556},[48,17413,365],{"class":84},[48,17415,2996],{"class":62},[48,17417,17339],{"class":66},[48,17419,3001],{"class":62},[48,17421,503],{"class":84},[48,17423,3557],{"class":3556},[48,17425,9021],{"class":84},[20,17427,17428],{},"This is useful when:",[162,17430,17431,17434,17437],{},[165,17432,17433],{},"You want to create the keys first",[165,17435,17436],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[165,17438,17439],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17441,182],{},[39,17443,17445],{"className":41,"code":17444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17446,17447,17479,17497,17501,17524,17547,17551],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17448,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17450,17314],{"class":54},[48,17452,59],{"class":58},[48,17454,3326],{"class":84},[48,17456,94],{"class":62},[48,17458,7696],{"class":66},[48,17460,94],{"class":62},[48,17462,365],{"class":84},[48,17464,63],{"class":62},[48,17466,14974],{"class":66},[48,17468,94],{"class":62},[48,17470,365],{"class":84},[48,17472,63],{"class":62},[48,17474,17339],{"class":66},[48,17476,94],{"class":62},[48,17478,3339],{"class":84},[48,17480,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,17482,17348],{"class":54},[48,17484,59],{"class":58},[48,17486,8882],{"class":1047},[48,17488,32],{"class":84},[48,17490,17000],{"class":87},[48,17492,91],{"class":84},[48,17494,17361],{"class":87},[48,17496,102],{"class":84},[48,17498,17499],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17500,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17502,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17522],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17504,17376],{"class":54},[48,17506,3605],{"class":84},[48,17508,94],{"class":62},[48,17510,7696],{"class":66},[48,17512,94],{"class":62},[48,17514,12987],{"class":84},[48,17516,12990],{"class":58},[48,17518,63],{"class":62},[48,17520,17521],{"class":66},"alice",[48,17523,70],{"class":62},[48,17525,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17545],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,17527,17376],{"class":54},[48,17529,3605],{"class":84},[48,17531,94],{"class":62},[48,17533,14974],{"class":66},[48,17535,94],{"class":62},[48,17537,12987],{"class":84},[48,17539,12990],{"class":58},[48,17541,63],{"class":62},[48,17543,17544],{"class":66},"alice@example.com",[48,17546,70],{"class":62},[48,17548,17549],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,17550,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17552,17553,17555,17557,17559],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,17554,109],{"class":108},[48,17556,91],{"class":84},[48,17558,17376],{"class":87},[48,17560,102],{"class":84},[20,17562,1037],{},[39,17564,17566],{"className":41,"code":17565,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17567,17568],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17569,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17571,8990],{"class":84},[48,17573,3001],{"class":62},[48,17575,7696],{"class":66},[48,17577,3001],{"class":62},[48,17579,503],{"class":84},[48,17581,2996],{"class":62},[48,17583,17521],{"class":66},[48,17585,3001],{"class":62},[48,17587,365],{"class":84},[48,17589,2996],{"class":62},[48,17591,14974],{"class":66},[48,17593,3001],{"class":62},[48,17595,503],{"class":84},[48,17597,2996],{"class":62},[48,17599,17544],{"class":66},[48,17601,3001],{"class":62},[48,17603,365],{"class":84},[48,17605,2996],{"class":62},[48,17607,17339],{"class":66},[48,17609,3001],{"class":62},[48,17611,503],{"class":84},[48,17613,3557],{"class":3556},[48,17615,9021],{"class":84},[20,17617,17618,17619,32],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[224,17620,17622],{"href":17621},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[34,17624,17626],{"id":17625},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17628,17629],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[162,17631,17632,17637,17642],{},[165,17633,17634,17636],{},[15,17635,3492],{}," (list)",[165,17638,17639,17641],{},[15,17640,3497],{}," (dictionary)",[165,17643,17644,17646],{},[15,17645,3502],{}," (set)",[20,17648,17649,17650,32],{},"All keys will point to the ",[565,17651,17652],{},"same object",[1200,17654,17656],{"id":17655},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[39,17658,17660],{"className":41,"code":17659,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17661,17662,17694,17715,17719,17741,17745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17663,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17665,16959],{"class":54},[48,17667,59],{"class":58},[48,17669,3326],{"class":84},[48,17671,94],{"class":62},[48,17673,224],{"class":66},[48,17675,94],{"class":62},[48,17677,365],{"class":84},[48,17679,63],{"class":62},[48,17681,4466],{"class":66},[48,17683,94],{"class":62},[48,17685,365],{"class":84},[48,17687,63],{"class":62},[48,17689,632],{"class":66},[48,17691,94],{"class":62},[48,17693,3339],{"class":84},[48,17695,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,17697,8877],{"class":54},[48,17699,59],{"class":58},[48,17701,8882],{"class":1047},[48,17703,32],{"class":84},[48,17705,17000],{"class":87},[48,17707,91],{"class":84},[48,17709,16640],{"class":87},[48,17711,365],{"class":84},[48,17713,17714],{"class":84}," [])\n",[48,17716,17717],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17718,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17720,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17722,8916],{"class":54},[48,17724,3605],{"class":84},[48,17726,94],{"class":62},[48,17728,224],{"class":66},[48,17730,94],{"class":62},[48,17732,13264],{"class":84},[48,17734,13267],{"class":87},[48,17736,91],{"class":84},[48,17738,272],{"class":488},[48,17740,102],{"class":84},[48,17742,17743],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,17744,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17746,17747,17749,17751,17753],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,17748,109],{"class":108},[48,17750,91],{"class":84},[48,17752,8916],{"class":87},[48,17754,102],{"class":84},[20,17756,1037],{},[39,17758,17760],{"className":41,"code":17759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17761,17762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17763,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17765,8990],{"class":84},[48,17767,3001],{"class":62},[48,17769,224],{"class":66},[48,17771,3001],{"class":62},[48,17773,503],{"class":84},[48,17775,3326],{"class":84},[48,17777,272],{"class":488},[48,17779,17780],{"class":84},"],",[48,17782,2996],{"class":62},[48,17784,4466],{"class":66},[48,17786,3001],{"class":62},[48,17788,503],{"class":84},[48,17790,3326],{"class":84},[48,17792,272],{"class":488},[48,17794,17780],{"class":84},[48,17796,2996],{"class":62},[48,17798,632],{"class":66},[48,17800,3001],{"class":62},[48,17802,503],{"class":84},[48,17804,3326],{"class":84},[48,17806,272],{"class":488},[48,17808,13420],{"class":84},[20,17810,17811,17812,17814],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17813,268],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1200,17816,17818],{"id":17817},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17820,17821,17824],{},[15,17822,17823],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17826,17827],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17829,17830],{},"So this:",[39,17832,17834],{"className":41,"code":17833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17835,17836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17837,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17839,8916],{"class":54},[48,17841,3605],{"class":84},[48,17843,94],{"class":62},[48,17845,224],{"class":66},[48,17847,94],{"class":62},[48,17849,13264],{"class":84},[48,17851,13267],{"class":87},[48,17853,91],{"class":84},[48,17855,272],{"class":488},[48,17857,102],{"class":84},[20,17859,17860,17861,32],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17862,268],{},[1200,17864,17866],{"id":17865},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17868,17869],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[39,17871,17873],{"className":41,"code":17872,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17874,17875,17907,17934,17938,17960,17964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17876,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17878,16959],{"class":54},[48,17880,59],{"class":58},[48,17882,3326],{"class":84},[48,17884,94],{"class":62},[48,17886,224],{"class":66},[48,17888,94],{"class":62},[48,17890,365],{"class":84},[48,17892,63],{"class":62},[48,17894,4466],{"class":66},[48,17896,94],{"class":62},[48,17898,365],{"class":84},[48,17900,63],{"class":62},[48,17902,632],{"class":66},[48,17904,94],{"class":62},[48,17906,3339],{"class":84},[48,17908,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17922,17924,17927,17929,17932],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,17910,8877],{"class":54},[48,17912,59],{"class":58},[48,17914,10203],{"class":84},[48,17916,14556],{"class":54},[48,17918,503],{"class":84},[48,17920,17921],{"class":84}," []",[48,17923,3581],{"class":1107},[48,17925,17926],{"class":54}," key ",[48,17928,3587],{"class":1107},[48,17930,17931],{"class":54}," keys",[48,17933,9021],{"class":84},[48,17935,17936],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,17937,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17939,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,17941,8916],{"class":54},[48,17943,3605],{"class":84},[48,17945,94],{"class":62},[48,17947,224],{"class":66},[48,17949,94],{"class":62},[48,17951,13264],{"class":84},[48,17953,13267],{"class":87},[48,17955,91],{"class":84},[48,17957,272],{"class":488},[48,17959,102],{"class":84},[48,17961,17962],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,17963,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,17965,17966,17968,17970,17972],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,17967,109],{"class":108},[48,17969,91],{"class":84},[48,17971,8916],{"class":87},[48,17973,102],{"class":84},[20,17975,1037],{},[39,17977,17979],{"className":41,"code":17978,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17980,17981],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,17982,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,17984,8990],{"class":84},[48,17986,3001],{"class":62},[48,17988,224],{"class":66},[48,17990,3001],{"class":62},[48,17992,503],{"class":84},[48,17994,3326],{"class":84},[48,17996,272],{"class":488},[48,17998,17780],{"class":84},[48,18000,2996],{"class":62},[48,18002,4466],{"class":66},[48,18004,3001],{"class":62},[48,18006,503],{"class":84},[48,18008,18009],{"class":84}," [],",[48,18011,2996],{"class":62},[48,18013,632],{"class":66},[48,18015,3001],{"class":62},[48,18017,503],{"class":84},[48,18019,18020],{"class":84}," []}\n",[20,18022,18023],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18025,18026],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[34,18028,4667,18030],{"id":18029},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18031,16935],{},[20,18033,18034,18036],{},[15,18035,16940],{}," is a good choice when:",[162,18038,18039,18042,18045],{},[165,18040,18041],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[165,18043,18044],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[165,18046,18047],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18049,1826],{},[39,18051,18053],{"className":41,"code":18052,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18054,18055,18100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18056,18057,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18075,18077,18079,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18092,18094,18096,18098],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18058,18059],{"class":54},"flags ",[48,18061,59],{"class":58},[48,18063,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18065,32],{"class":84},[48,18067,17000],{"class":87},[48,18069,2684],{"class":84},[48,18071,94],{"class":62},[48,18073,18074],{"class":66},"is_admin",[48,18076,94],{"class":62},[48,18078,365],{"class":84},[48,18080,63],{"class":62},[48,18082,14794],{"class":66},[48,18084,94],{"class":62},[48,18086,365],{"class":84},[48,18088,63],{"class":62},[48,18090,18091],{"class":66},"is_verified",[48,18093,94],{"class":62},[48,18095,17780],{"class":84},[48,18097,3612],{"class":3556},[48,18099,102],{"class":84},[48,18101,18102,18104,18106,18109],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18103,109],{"class":108},[48,18105,91],{"class":84},[48,18107,18108],{"class":87},"flags",[48,18110,102],{"class":84},[39,18112,18114],{"className":41,"code":18113,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18115,18116,18161],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18117,18118,18120,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18135,18137,18139,18141,18144,18146,18148,18150,18153,18155,18157,18159],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18119,4770],{"class":54},[48,18121,59],{"class":58},[48,18123,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18125,32],{"class":84},[48,18127,17000],{"class":87},[48,18129,2684],{"class":84},[48,18131,94],{"class":62},[48,18133,18134],{"class":66},"math",[48,18136,94],{"class":62},[48,18138,365],{"class":84},[48,18140,63],{"class":62},[48,18142,18143],{"class":66},"science",[48,18145,94],{"class":62},[48,18147,365],{"class":84},[48,18149,63],{"class":62},[48,18151,18152],{"class":66},"history",[48,18154,94],{"class":62},[48,18156,17780],{"class":84},[48,18158,961],{"class":488},[48,18160,102],{"class":84},[48,18162,18163,18165,18167,18169],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18164,109],{"class":108},[48,18166,91],{"class":84},[48,18168,16105],{"class":87},[48,18170,102],{"class":84},[20,18172,18173,18174,18176],{},"It is ",[565,18175,1055],{}," the best choice when:",[162,18178,18179,18182],{},[165,18180,18181],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[165,18183,18184],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[34,18186,18188,18190],{"id":18187},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18189,16935],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18192,18193,18195],{},[15,18194,16935],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1200,18197,758,18199],{"id":18198},"using-fromkeys",[15,18200,16935],{},[39,18202,18204],{"className":41,"code":18203,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18205,18206,18251],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18207,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18225,18227,18229,18231,18234,18236,18238,18240,18243,18245,18247,18249],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18209,13540],{"class":54},[48,18211,59],{"class":58},[48,18213,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18215,32],{"class":84},[48,18217,17000],{"class":87},[48,18219,2684],{"class":84},[48,18221,94],{"class":62},[48,18223,18224],{"class":66},"sound",[48,18226,94],{"class":62},[48,18228,365],{"class":84},[48,18230,63],{"class":62},[48,18232,18233],{"class":66},"music",[48,18235,94],{"class":62},[48,18237,365],{"class":84},[48,18239,63],{"class":62},[48,18241,18242],{"class":66},"notifications",[48,18244,94],{"class":62},[48,18246,17780],{"class":84},[48,18248,3621],{"class":3556},[48,18250,102],{"class":84},[48,18252,18253,18255,18257,18259],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18254,109],{"class":108},[48,18256,91],{"class":84},[48,18258,13599],{"class":87},[48,18260,102],{"class":84},[1200,18262,18264],{"id":18263},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[39,18266,18268],{"className":41,"code":18267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18269,18270,18278,18292,18306,18318,18322],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18271,18272,18274,18276],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18273,13540],{"class":54},[48,18275,59],{"class":58},[48,18277,11205],{"class":84},[48,18279,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18281,11210],{"class":62},[48,18283,18224],{"class":66},[48,18285,94],{"class":62},[48,18287,503],{"class":84},[48,18289,3621],{"class":3556},[48,18291,11226],{"class":84},[48,18293,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18295,11210],{"class":62},[48,18297,18233],{"class":66},[48,18299,94],{"class":62},[48,18301,503],{"class":84},[48,18303,3612],{"class":3556},[48,18305,11226],{"class":84},[48,18307,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,18309,11210],{"class":62},[48,18311,18242],{"class":66},[48,18313,94],{"class":62},[48,18315,503],{"class":84},[48,18317,6130],{"class":3556},[48,18319,18320],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,18321,9021],{"class":84},[48,18323,18324,18326,18328,18330],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,18325,109],{"class":108},[48,18327,91],{"class":84},[48,18329,13599],{"class":87},[48,18331,102],{"class":84},[20,18333,18334],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1200,18336,18338],{"id":18337},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[39,18340,18342],{"className":41,"code":18341,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18343,18344,18376,18400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18345,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18347,16959],{"class":54},[48,18349,59],{"class":58},[48,18351,3326],{"class":84},[48,18353,94],{"class":62},[48,18355,224],{"class":66},[48,18357,94],{"class":62},[48,18359,365],{"class":84},[48,18361,63],{"class":62},[48,18363,4466],{"class":66},[48,18365,94],{"class":62},[48,18367,365],{"class":84},[48,18369,63],{"class":62},[48,18371,632],{"class":66},[48,18373,94],{"class":62},[48,18375,3339],{"class":84},[48,18377,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18379,8877],{"class":54},[48,18381,59],{"class":58},[48,18383,10203],{"class":84},[48,18385,14556],{"class":54},[48,18387,503],{"class":84},[48,18389,17921],{"class":84},[48,18391,3581],{"class":1107},[48,18393,17926],{"class":54},[48,18395,3587],{"class":1107},[48,18397,17931],{"class":54},[48,18399,9021],{"class":84},[48,18401,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18403,109],{"class":108},[48,18405,91],{"class":84},[48,18407,8916],{"class":87},[48,18409,102],{"class":84},[20,18411,18412],{},"Use:",[162,18414,18415,18420,18423],{},[165,18416,18417,18419],{},[15,18418,16935],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[165,18421,18422],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[165,18424,18425],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18427,18428,18429,32],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[224,18430,10449,18431,754],{"href":13747},[15,18432,14669],{},[34,18434,1366],{"id":1365},[20,18436,14448,18437,32],{},[15,18438,16940],{},[1200,18440,18442],{"id":18441},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[39,18444,18446],{"className":41,"code":18445,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18447,18448,18481,18504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18449,18450,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18451,18452],{"class":54},"d ",[48,18454,59],{"class":58},[48,18456,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18458,32],{"class":84},[48,18460,17000],{"class":87},[48,18462,2684],{"class":84},[48,18464,94],{"class":62},[48,18466,224],{"class":66},[48,18468,94],{"class":62},[48,18470,365],{"class":84},[48,18472,63],{"class":62},[48,18474,4466],{"class":66},[48,18476,94],{"class":62},[48,18478,17780],{"class":84},[48,18480,17714],{"class":84},[48,18482,18483,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18484,18485],{"class":54},"d",[48,18487,3605],{"class":84},[48,18489,94],{"class":62},[48,18491,224],{"class":66},[48,18493,94],{"class":62},[48,18495,13264],{"class":84},[48,18497,13267],{"class":87},[48,18499,91],{"class":84},[48,18501,272],{"class":488},[48,18503,102],{"class":84},[48,18505,18506,18508,18510,18512],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18507,109],{"class":108},[48,18509,91],{"class":84},[48,18511,18485],{"class":87},[48,18513,102],{"class":84},[20,18515,1037],{},[39,18517,18519],{"className":41,"code":18518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18520,18521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18522,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18524,8990],{"class":84},[48,18526,3001],{"class":62},[48,18528,224],{"class":66},[48,18530,3001],{"class":62},[48,18532,503],{"class":84},[48,18534,3326],{"class":84},[48,18536,272],{"class":488},[48,18538,17780],{"class":84},[48,18540,2996],{"class":62},[48,18542,4466],{"class":66},[48,18544,3001],{"class":62},[48,18546,503],{"class":84},[48,18548,3326],{"class":84},[48,18550,272],{"class":488},[48,18552,13420],{"class":84},[20,18554,18555],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18557,18558],{},"Use this instead:",[39,18560,18562],{"className":41,"code":18561,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18563,18564,18588,18612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18565,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18567,16959],{"class":54},[48,18569,59],{"class":58},[48,18571,3326],{"class":84},[48,18573,94],{"class":62},[48,18575,224],{"class":66},[48,18577,94],{"class":62},[48,18579,365],{"class":84},[48,18581,63],{"class":62},[48,18583,4466],{"class":66},[48,18585,94],{"class":62},[48,18587,3339],{"class":84},[48,18589,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18591,18452],{"class":54},[48,18593,59],{"class":58},[48,18595,10203],{"class":84},[48,18597,14556],{"class":54},[48,18599,503],{"class":84},[48,18601,17921],{"class":84},[48,18603,3581],{"class":1107},[48,18605,17926],{"class":54},[48,18607,3587],{"class":1107},[48,18609,17931],{"class":54},[48,18611,9021],{"class":84},[48,18613,18614,18616,18618,18620],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18615,109],{"class":108},[48,18617,91],{"class":84},[48,18619,18485],{"class":87},[48,18621,102],{"class":84},[1200,18623,18625,18626,18628],{"id":18624},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18627,16935],{}," on a list",[20,18630,18631],{},"Wrong idea:",[39,18633,18635],{"className":41,"code":18634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18636,18637,18669],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18638,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18640,16959],{"class":54},[48,18642,59],{"class":58},[48,18644,3326],{"class":84},[48,18646,94],{"class":62},[48,18648,224],{"class":66},[48,18650,94],{"class":62},[48,18652,365],{"class":84},[48,18654,63],{"class":62},[48,18656,4466],{"class":66},[48,18658,94],{"class":62},[48,18660,365],{"class":84},[48,18662,63],{"class":62},[48,18664,632],{"class":66},[48,18666,94],{"class":62},[48,18668,3339],{"class":84},[48,18670,18671],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18672,18673],{"class":129},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18675,18676,18678,18679,18681,18682,32],{},[15,18677,16935],{}," belongs to ",[15,18680,8532],{},", not ",[15,18683,7804],{},[20,18685,18686],{},"Correct usage:",[39,18688,18690],{"className":41,"code":18689,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18691,18692,18724,18746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18693,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18695,16959],{"class":54},[48,18697,59],{"class":58},[48,18699,3326],{"class":84},[48,18701,94],{"class":62},[48,18703,224],{"class":66},[48,18705,94],{"class":62},[48,18707,365],{"class":84},[48,18709,63],{"class":62},[48,18711,4466],{"class":66},[48,18713,94],{"class":62},[48,18715,365],{"class":84},[48,18717,63],{"class":62},[48,18719,632],{"class":66},[48,18721,94],{"class":62},[48,18723,3339],{"class":84},[48,18725,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18727,18452],{"class":54},[48,18729,59],{"class":58},[48,18731,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18733,32],{"class":84},[48,18735,17000],{"class":87},[48,18737,91],{"class":84},[48,18739,16640],{"class":87},[48,18741,365],{"class":84},[48,18743,961],{"class":488},[48,18745,102],{"class":84},[48,18747,18748,18750,18752,18754],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18749,109],{"class":108},[48,18751,91],{"class":84},[48,18753,18485],{"class":87},[48,18755,102],{"class":84},[1200,18757,1379,18759,18761],{"id":18758},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18760,16935],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18763,18764,18766],{},[15,18765,16940],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[39,18768,18770],{"className":41,"code":18769,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18771,18772,18792,18826,18830,18840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18773,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18775,11799],{"class":54},[48,18777,59],{"class":58},[48,18779,10203],{"class":84},[48,18781,94],{"class":62},[48,18783,1873],{"class":66},[48,18785,94],{"class":62},[48,18787,503],{"class":84},[48,18789,5204],{"class":488},[48,18791,9021],{"class":84},[48,18793,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18795,12752],{"class":54},[48,18797,59],{"class":58},[48,18799,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18801,32],{"class":84},[48,18803,17000],{"class":87},[48,18805,2684],{"class":84},[48,18807,94],{"class":62},[48,18809,224],{"class":66},[48,18811,94],{"class":62},[48,18813,365],{"class":84},[48,18815,63],{"class":62},[48,18817,4466],{"class":66},[48,18819,94],{"class":62},[48,18821,17780],{"class":84},[48,18823,961],{"class":488},[48,18825,102],{"class":84},[48,18827,18828],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,18829,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,18833,109],{"class":108},[48,18835,91],{"class":84},[48,18837,11846],{"class":87},[48,18839,102],{"class":84},[48,18841,18842,18844,18846,18849],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,18843,109],{"class":108},[48,18845,91],{"class":84},[48,18847,18848],{"class":87},"new_dict",[48,18850,102],{"class":84},[20,18852,1037],{},[39,18854,18856],{"className":41,"code":18855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18857,18858,18874],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18859,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18861,8990],{"class":84},[48,18863,3001],{"class":62},[48,18865,1873],{"class":66},[48,18867,3001],{"class":62},[48,18869,503],{"class":84},[48,18871,5204],{"class":488},[48,18873,9021],{"class":84},[48,18875,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18877,8990],{"class":84},[48,18879,3001],{"class":62},[48,18881,224],{"class":66},[48,18883,3001],{"class":62},[48,18885,503],{"class":84},[48,18887,961],{"class":488},[48,18889,365],{"class":84},[48,18891,2996],{"class":62},[48,18893,4466],{"class":66},[48,18895,3001],{"class":62},[48,18897,503],{"class":84},[48,18899,961],{"class":488},[48,18901,9021],{"class":84},[20,18903,18904,18905,32],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[224,18906,10449,18907,754],{"href":13747},[15,18908,14669],{},[1200,18910,18912,18913],{"id":18911},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18914,3483],{},[39,18916,18918],{"className":41,"code":18917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18919,18920,18950],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18921,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18923,18452],{"class":54},[48,18925,59],{"class":58},[48,18927,8882],{"class":1047},[48,18929,32],{"class":84},[48,18931,17000],{"class":87},[48,18933,2684],{"class":84},[48,18935,94],{"class":62},[48,18937,1873],{"class":66},[48,18939,94],{"class":62},[48,18941,365],{"class":84},[48,18943,63],{"class":62},[48,18945,11458],{"class":66},[48,18947,94],{"class":62},[48,18949,3593],{"class":84},[48,18951,18952,18954,18956,18958],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,18953,109],{"class":108},[48,18955,91],{"class":84},[48,18957,18485],{"class":87},[48,18959,102],{"class":84},[20,18961,1037],{},[39,18963,18965],{"className":41,"code":18964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18966,18967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,18968,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,18970,8990],{"class":84},[48,18972,3001],{"class":62},[48,18974,1873],{"class":66},[48,18976,3001],{"class":62},[48,18978,503],{"class":84},[48,18980,3557],{"class":3556},[48,18982,365],{"class":84},[48,18984,2996],{"class":62},[48,18986,11458],{"class":66},[48,18988,3001],{"class":62},[48,18990,503],{"class":84},[48,18992,3557],{"class":3556},[48,18994,9021],{"class":84},[20,18996,18997,18998,32],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18999,3483],{},[34,19001,19003],{"id":19002},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19005,19006,19007,19009],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19008,16935],{}," works.",[39,19011,19013],{"className":41,"code":19012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19014,19015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19016,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19018,109],{"class":108},[48,19020,91],{"class":84},[48,19022,8532],{"class":1047},[48,19024,32],{"class":84},[48,19026,17000],{"class":87},[48,19028,2684],{"class":84},[48,19030,94],{"class":62},[48,19032,224],{"class":66},[48,19034,94],{"class":62},[48,19036,365],{"class":84},[48,19038,63],{"class":62},[48,19040,4466],{"class":66},[48,19042,94],{"class":62},[48,19044,17780],{"class":84},[48,19046,961],{"class":488},[48,19048,1034],{"class":84},[39,19050,19051],{"className":41,"code":18917,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,19052,19053,19083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19054,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19056,18452],{"class":54},[48,19058,59],{"class":58},[48,19060,8882],{"class":1047},[48,19062,32],{"class":84},[48,19064,17000],{"class":87},[48,19066,2684],{"class":84},[48,19068,94],{"class":62},[48,19070,1873],{"class":66},[48,19072,94],{"class":62},[48,19074,365],{"class":84},[48,19076,63],{"class":62},[48,19078,11458],{"class":66},[48,19080,94],{"class":62},[48,19082,3593],{"class":84},[48,19084,19085,19087,19089,19091],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19086,109],{"class":108},[48,19088,91],{"class":84},[48,19090,18485],{"class":87},[48,19092,102],{"class":84},[39,19094,19095],{"className":41,"code":18445,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,19096,19097,19129,19151],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19098,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19100,18452],{"class":54},[48,19102,59],{"class":58},[48,19104,8882],{"class":1047},[48,19106,32],{"class":84},[48,19108,17000],{"class":87},[48,19110,2684],{"class":84},[48,19112,94],{"class":62},[48,19114,224],{"class":66},[48,19116,94],{"class":62},[48,19118,365],{"class":84},[48,19120,63],{"class":62},[48,19122,4466],{"class":66},[48,19124,94],{"class":62},[48,19126,17780],{"class":84},[48,19128,17714],{"class":84},[48,19130,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19132,18485],{"class":54},[48,19134,3605],{"class":84},[48,19136,94],{"class":62},[48,19138,224],{"class":66},[48,19140,94],{"class":62},[48,19142,13264],{"class":84},[48,19144,13267],{"class":87},[48,19146,91],{"class":84},[48,19148,272],{"class":488},[48,19150,102],{"class":84},[48,19152,19153,19155,19157,19159],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,19154,109],{"class":108},[48,19156,91],{"class":84},[48,19158,18485],{"class":87},[48,19160,102],{"class":84},[39,19162,19164],{"className":41,"code":19163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19165,19166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19169,109],{"class":108},[48,19171,91],{"class":84},[48,19173,2921],{"class":1047},[48,19175,91],{"class":84},[48,19177,8532],{"class":1047},[48,19179,32],{"class":84},[48,19181,17000],{"class":87},[48,19183,2684],{"class":84},[48,19185,272],{"class":488},[48,19187,365],{"class":84},[48,19189,489],{"class":488},[48,19191,365],{"class":84},[48,19193,2152],{"class":488},[48,19195,17780],{"class":84},[48,19197,63],{"class":62},[48,19199,362],{"class":66},[48,19201,94],{"class":62},[48,19203,2610],{"class":84},[34,19205,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,19207,12418,19209,19211],{"id":19208},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19210,16935],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19213,19214],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1200,19216,19218],{"id":19217},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19220,19221,19222,32],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19223,3483],{},[1200,19225,19227],{"id":19226},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19229,19230],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1200,19232,19234],{"id":19233},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19236,17869],{},[39,19238,19240],{"className":41,"code":19239,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19241,19242,19274],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19243,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19245,16959],{"class":54},[48,19247,59],{"class":58},[48,19249,3326],{"class":84},[48,19251,94],{"class":62},[48,19253,224],{"class":66},[48,19255,94],{"class":62},[48,19257,365],{"class":84},[48,19259,63],{"class":62},[48,19261,4466],{"class":66},[48,19263,94],{"class":62},[48,19265,365],{"class":84},[48,19267,63],{"class":62},[48,19269,632],{"class":66},[48,19271,94],{"class":62},[48,19273,3339],{"class":84},[48,19275,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19277,8877],{"class":54},[48,19279,59],{"class":58},[48,19281,10203],{"class":84},[48,19283,14556],{"class":54},[48,19285,503],{"class":84},[48,19287,17921],{"class":84},[48,19289,3581],{"class":1107},[48,19291,17926],{"class":54},[48,19293,3587],{"class":1107},[48,19295,17931],{"class":54},[48,19297,9021],{"class":84},[34,19299,1599],{"id":1598},[162,19301,19302,19306,19310,19314,19320],{},[165,19303,19304],{},[224,19305,10955],{"href":12740},[165,19307,19308],{},[224,19309,8867],{"href":12737},[165,19311,19312],{},[224,19313,10964],{"href":17621},[165,19315,19316],{},[224,19317,10449,19318,754],{"href":13747},[15,19319,14669],{},[165,19321,19322],{},[224,19323,10449,19324,754],{"href":14714},[15,19325,12490],{},[20,19327,139,19328,19330],{},[15,19329,16940],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1633,19332,19333],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":19335},[19336,19337,19339,19343,19344,19346,19351,19353,19360,19369,19370,19377],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":17040,"depth":73,"text":19338},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17084,"depth":73,"text":17085,"children":19340},[19341,19342],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":17135,"depth":105,"text":17136},{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":17296,"depth":73,"text":19345},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17625,"depth":73,"text":17626,"children":19347},[19348,19349,19350],{"id":17655,"depth":105,"text":17656},{"id":17817,"depth":105,"text":17818},{"id":17865,"depth":105,"text":17866},{"id":18029,"depth":73,"text":19352},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18187,"depth":73,"text":19354,"children":19355},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19356,19358,19359],{"id":18198,"depth":105,"text":19357},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18263,"depth":105,"text":18264},{"id":18337,"depth":105,"text":18338},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":19361},[19362,19363,19365,19367],{"id":18441,"depth":105,"text":18442},{"id":18624,"depth":105,"text":19364},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18758,"depth":105,"text":19366},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18911,"depth":105,"text":19368},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19002,"depth":73,"text":19003},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":19371},[19372,19374,19375,19376],{"id":19208,"depth":105,"text":19373},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19217,"depth":105,"text":19218},{"id":19226,"depth":105,"text":19227},{"id":19233,"depth":105,"text":19234},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16927,"description":19378},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19385,"title":19386,"body":19387,"description":21214,"extension":1666,"meta":21215,"navigation":122,"path":21216,"seo":21217,"stem":21218,"__hash__":21219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19388,"toc":21181},[19389,19394,19400,19411,19541,19548,19553,19557,19573,19575,19673,19675,19692,19696,19698,19703,19741,19744,19762,19764,19882,19887,19891,19907,19910,20046,20049,20054,20060,20063,20100,20103,20107,20112,20188,20192,20197,20279,20281,20297,20302,20306,20312,20381,20384,20401,20404,20485,20491,20494,20514,20518,20523,20529,20535,20606,20609,20615,20618,20692,20698,20704,20712,20722,20724,20819,20825,20830,20917,20923,20925,20930,20952,20955,21050,21053,21084,21097,21099,21107,21113,21119,21122,21128,21133,21140,21145,21147,21178],[10,19390,11031,19392,18],{"id":19391},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19393,10452],{},[20,19395,19396,19397,19399],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19398,10452],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19401,19402,19403,1888,19406,1572,19408,19410],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19404,19405],{},"KeyError",[15,19407,10452],{},[15,19409,3483],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[39,19412,19414],{"className":41,"code":19413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19415,19416,19452,19456,19482,19507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19417,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19419,12918],{"class":54},[48,19421,59],{"class":58},[48,19423,10203],{"class":84},[48,19425,94],{"class":62},[48,19427,7377],{"class":66},[48,19429,94],{"class":62},[48,19431,503],{"class":84},[48,19433,63],{"class":62},[48,19435,12594],{"class":66},[48,19437,94],{"class":62},[48,19439,365],{"class":84},[48,19441,63],{"class":62},[48,19443,9011],{"class":66},[48,19445,94],{"class":62},[48,19447,503],{"class":84},[48,19449,9018],{"class":488},[48,19451,9021],{"class":84},[48,19453,19454],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19455,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,19457,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,19459,109],{"class":108},[48,19461,91],{"class":84},[48,19463,17024],{"class":87},[48,19465,32],{"class":84},[48,19467,19468],{"class":87},"get",[48,19470,91],{"class":84},[48,19472,94],{"class":62},[48,19474,7377],{"class":66},[48,19476,94],{"class":62},[48,19478,229],{"class":84},[48,19480,19481],{"class":129},"           # Ana\n",[48,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,19485,109],{"class":108},[48,19487,91],{"class":84},[48,19489,17024],{"class":87},[48,19491,32],{"class":84},[48,19493,19468],{"class":87},[48,19495,91],{"class":84},[48,19497,94],{"class":62},[48,19499,10121],{"class":66},[48,19501,94],{"class":62},[48,19503,229],{"class":84},[48,19505,19506],{"class":129},"           # None\n",[48,19508,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19534,19536,19538],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,19510,109],{"class":108},[48,19512,91],{"class":84},[48,19514,17024],{"class":87},[48,19516,32],{"class":84},[48,19518,19468],{"class":87},[48,19520,91],{"class":84},[48,19522,94],{"class":62},[48,19524,10121],{"class":66},[48,19526,94],{"class":62},[48,19528,365],{"class":84},[48,19530,63],{"class":62},[48,19532,19533],{"class":66},"N\u002FA",[48,19535,94],{"class":62},[48,19537,229],{"class":84},[48,19539,19540],{"class":129},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19542,139,19543,19545,19546,32],{},[15,19544,10452],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19547,19405],{},[34,19549,148,19551,152],{"id":19550},"what-get-does",[15,19552,10452],{},[20,19554,765,19555,11125],{},[15,19556,10452],{},[162,19558,19559,19562,19567,19570],{},[165,19560,19561],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[165,19563,1270,19564,19566],{},[15,19565,3483],{}," if the key does not exist",[165,19568,19569],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[165,19571,19572],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19574,182],{},[39,19576,19578],{"className":41,"code":19577,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19579,19580,19619,19623,19648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19581,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19601,19603,19605,19607,19610,19612,19614,19617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19583,12577],{"class":54},[48,19585,59],{"class":58},[48,19587,10203],{"class":84},[48,19589,94],{"class":62},[48,19591,7377],{"class":66},[48,19593,94],{"class":62},[48,19595,503],{"class":84},[48,19597,63],{"class":62},[48,19599,19600],{"class":66},"Lina",[48,19602,94],{"class":62},[48,19604,365],{"class":84},[48,19606,63],{"class":62},[48,19608,19609],{"class":66},"grade",[48,19611,94],{"class":62},[48,19613,503],{"class":84},[48,19615,19616],{"class":488}," 90",[48,19618,9021],{"class":84},[48,19620,19621],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19622,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,19624,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,19626,109],{"class":108},[48,19628,91],{"class":84},[48,19630,13340],{"class":87},[48,19632,32],{"class":84},[48,19634,19468],{"class":87},[48,19636,91],{"class":84},[48,19638,94],{"class":62},[48,19640,7377],{"class":66},[48,19642,94],{"class":62},[48,19644,229],{"class":84},[48,19646,19647],{"class":129},"     # Lina\n",[48,19649,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,19651,109],{"class":108},[48,19653,91],{"class":84},[48,19655,13340],{"class":87},[48,19657,32],{"class":84},[48,19659,19468],{"class":87},[48,19661,91],{"class":84},[48,19663,94],{"class":62},[48,19665,14974],{"class":66},[48,19667,94],{"class":62},[48,19669,229],{"class":84},[48,19671,19672],{"class":129},"    # None\n",[20,19674,886],{},[162,19676,19677,19682],{},[165,19678,19679,19681],{},[15,19680,14955],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[165,19683,19684,19687,19688,1572,19690],{},[15,19685,19686],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19689,10452],{},[15,19691,3483],{},[20,19693,12734,19694,32],{},[224,19695,8867],{"href":8866},[34,19697,340],{"id":339},[20,19699,19700,19701,503],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19702,10452],{},[39,19704,19706],{"className":41,"code":19705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19707,19708,19722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19709,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19711,15320],{"class":54},[48,19713,32],{"class":84},[48,19715,19468],{"class":87},[48,19717,91],{"class":84},[48,19719,14556],{"class":87},[48,19721,102],{"class":84},[48,19723,19724,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19739],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19725,15320],{"class":54},[48,19727,32],{"class":84},[48,19729,19468],{"class":87},[48,19731,91],{"class":84},[48,19733,14556],{"class":87},[48,19735,365],{"class":84},[48,19737,19738],{"class":87}," default_value",[48,19740,102],{"class":84},[20,19742,19743],{},"What each part means:",[162,19745,19746,19751,19757],{},[165,19747,19748,19750],{},[15,19749,14556],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[165,19752,19753,19756],{},[15,19754,19755],{},"default_value"," is optional",[165,19758,19759,19760],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19761,3483],{},[20,19763,182],{},[39,19765,19767],{"className":41,"code":19766,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19768,19769,19793,19797,19822,19848],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19770,19771,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19772,13540],{"class":54},[48,19774,59],{"class":58},[48,19776,10203],{"class":84},[48,19778,94],{"class":62},[48,19780,12208],{"class":66},[48,19782,94],{"class":62},[48,19784,503],{"class":84},[48,19786,63],{"class":62},[48,19788,12217],{"class":66},[48,19790,94],{"class":62},[48,19792,9021],{"class":84},[48,19794,19795],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19796,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,19798,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,19800,109],{"class":108},[48,19802,91],{"class":84},[48,19804,13599],{"class":87},[48,19806,32],{"class":84},[48,19808,19468],{"class":87},[48,19810,91],{"class":84},[48,19812,94],{"class":62},[48,19814,12208],{"class":66},[48,19816,94],{"class":62},[48,19818,229],{"class":84},[48,19820,19821],{"class":129},"            # dark\n",[48,19823,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838,19841,19843,19845],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,19825,109],{"class":108},[48,19827,91],{"class":84},[48,19829,13599],{"class":87},[48,19831,32],{"class":84},[48,19833,19468],{"class":87},[48,19835,91],{"class":84},[48,19837,94],{"class":62},[48,19839,19840],{"class":66},"language",[48,19842,94],{"class":62},[48,19844,229],{"class":84},[48,19846,19847],{"class":129},"         # None\n",[48,19849,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19875,19877,19879],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,19851,109],{"class":108},[48,19853,91],{"class":84},[48,19855,13599],{"class":87},[48,19857,32],{"class":84},[48,19859,19468],{"class":87},[48,19861,91],{"class":84},[48,19863,94],{"class":62},[48,19865,19840],{"class":66},[48,19867,94],{"class":62},[48,19869,365],{"class":84},[48,19871,63],{"class":62},[48,19873,19874],{"class":66},"en",[48,19876,94],{"class":62},[48,19878,229],{"class":84},[48,19880,19881],{"class":129},"   # en\n",[34,19883,4667,19885],{"id":19884},"when-to-use-get",[15,19886,10452],{},[20,19888,139,19889,10313],{},[15,19890,10452],{},[162,19892,19893,19896,19901,19904],{},[165,19894,19895],{},"A key might not exist",[165,19897,19898,19899],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19900,19405],{},[165,19902,19903],{},"You are reading optional data",[165,19905,19906],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19908,19909],{},"Example with optional user data:",[39,19911,19913],{"className":41,"code":19912,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19914,19915,19957,19961,19986,20012],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19953,19955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,19918,11200],{"class":54},[48,19920,59],{"class":58},[48,19922,10203],{"class":84},[48,19924,94],{"class":62},[48,19926,7696],{"class":66},[48,19928,94],{"class":62},[48,19930,503],{"class":84},[48,19932,63],{"class":62},[48,19934,19935],{"class":66},"sam",[48,19937,94],{"class":62},[48,19939,365],{"class":84},[48,19941,63],{"class":62},[48,19943,14974],{"class":66},[48,19945,94],{"class":62},[48,19947,503],{"class":84},[48,19949,63],{"class":62},[48,19951,19952],{"class":66},"sam@example.com",[48,19954,94],{"class":62},[48,19956,9021],{"class":84},[48,19958,19959],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,19960,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,19962,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,19964,109],{"class":108},[48,19966,91],{"class":84},[48,19968,11294],{"class":87},[48,19970,32],{"class":84},[48,19972,19468],{"class":87},[48,19974,91],{"class":84},[48,19976,94],{"class":62},[48,19978,7696],{"class":66},[48,19980,94],{"class":62},[48,19982,229],{"class":84},[48,19984,19985],{"class":129},"              # sam\n",[48,19987,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20005,20007,20009],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,19989,109],{"class":108},[48,19991,91],{"class":84},[48,19993,11294],{"class":87},[48,19995,32],{"class":84},[48,19997,19468],{"class":87},[48,19999,91],{"class":84},[48,20001,94],{"class":62},[48,20003,20004],{"class":66},"phone",[48,20006,94],{"class":62},[48,20008,229],{"class":84},[48,20010,20011],{"class":129},"                 # None\n",[48,20013,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20039,20041,20043],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,20015,109],{"class":108},[48,20017,91],{"class":84},[48,20019,11294],{"class":87},[48,20021,32],{"class":84},[48,20023,19468],{"class":87},[48,20025,91],{"class":84},[48,20027,94],{"class":62},[48,20029,20004],{"class":66},[48,20031,94],{"class":62},[48,20033,365],{"class":84},[48,20035,63],{"class":62},[48,20037,20038],{"class":66},"Not provided",[48,20040,94],{"class":62},[48,20042,229],{"class":84},[48,20044,20045],{"class":129}," # Not provided\n",[20,20047,20048],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20050,20051,20052,32],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[224,20053,16314],{"href":16313},[34,20055,20057,20059],{"id":20056},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20058,10452],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20061,20062],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[39,20064,20066],{"className":41,"code":20065,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20067,20068,20082],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20069,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20071,8916],{"class":54},[48,20073,3605],{"class":84},[48,20075,94],{"class":62},[48,20077,14556],{"class":66},[48,20079,94],{"class":62},[48,20081,3339],{"class":84},[48,20083,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20085,8916],{"class":54},[48,20087,32],{"class":84},[48,20089,19468],{"class":87},[48,20091,91],{"class":84},[48,20093,94],{"class":62},[48,20095,14556],{"class":66},[48,20097,94],{"class":62},[48,20099,102],{"class":84},[20,20101,20102],{},"The difference is important.",[1200,20104,20106],{"id":20105},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20108,20109,20110,32],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20111,19405],{},[39,20113,20115],{"className":41,"code":20114,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20116,20117,20141,20145,20167],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20118,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20120,8877],{"class":54},[48,20122,59],{"class":58},[48,20124,10203],{"class":84},[48,20126,94],{"class":62},[48,20128,7377],{"class":66},[48,20130,94],{"class":62},[48,20132,503],{"class":84},[48,20134,63],{"class":62},[48,20136,12594],{"class":66},[48,20138,94],{"class":62},[48,20140,9021],{"class":84},[48,20142,20143],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20144,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20146,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20164],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20148,109],{"class":108},[48,20150,91],{"class":84},[48,20152,8916],{"class":87},[48,20154,3605],{"class":84},[48,20156,94],{"class":62},[48,20158,7377],{"class":66},[48,20160,94],{"class":62},[48,20162,20163],{"class":84},"])",[48,20165,20166],{"class":129},"   # Ana\n",[48,20168,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181,20183,20185],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20170,109],{"class":108},[48,20172,91],{"class":84},[48,20174,8916],{"class":87},[48,20176,3605],{"class":84},[48,20178,94],{"class":62},[48,20180,10121],{"class":66},[48,20182,94],{"class":62},[48,20184,20163],{"class":84},[48,20186,20187],{"class":129},"   # KeyError\n",[1200,20189,20190],{"id":19468},[15,20191,10452],{},[20,20193,20194,20196],{},[15,20195,10452],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[39,20198,20200],{"className":41,"code":20199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20201,20202,20226,20230,20254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20203,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20205,8877],{"class":54},[48,20207,59],{"class":58},[48,20209,10203],{"class":84},[48,20211,94],{"class":62},[48,20213,7377],{"class":66},[48,20215,94],{"class":62},[48,20217,503],{"class":84},[48,20219,63],{"class":62},[48,20221,12594],{"class":66},[48,20223,94],{"class":62},[48,20225,9021],{"class":84},[48,20227,20228],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20229,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20231,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20233,109],{"class":108},[48,20235,91],{"class":84},[48,20237,8916],{"class":87},[48,20239,32],{"class":84},[48,20241,19468],{"class":87},[48,20243,91],{"class":84},[48,20245,94],{"class":62},[48,20247,7377],{"class":66},[48,20249,94],{"class":62},[48,20251,229],{"class":84},[48,20253,20166],{"class":129},[48,20255,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20257,109],{"class":108},[48,20259,91],{"class":84},[48,20261,8916],{"class":87},[48,20263,32],{"class":84},[48,20265,19468],{"class":87},[48,20267,91],{"class":84},[48,20269,94],{"class":62},[48,20271,10121],{"class":66},[48,20273,94],{"class":62},[48,20275,229],{"class":84},[48,20277,20278],{"class":129},"   # None\n",[20,20280,18412],{},[162,20282,20283,20289],{},[165,20284,20285,20286],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[565,20287,20288],{},"must exist",[165,20290,20291,20293,20294],{},[15,20292,10452],{}," when the key is ",[565,20295,20296],{},"optional",[20,20298,20299,20300,32],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[224,20301,10975],{"href":10786},[34,20303,20305],{"id":20304},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20307,20308,20309,20311],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20310,10452],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[39,20313,20315],{"className":41,"code":20314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20316,20317,20342,20346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20318,20319,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20320,20321],{"class":54},"profile ",[48,20323,59],{"class":58},[48,20325,10203],{"class":84},[48,20327,94],{"class":62},[48,20329,7377],{"class":66},[48,20331,94],{"class":62},[48,20333,503],{"class":84},[48,20335,63],{"class":62},[48,20337,7632],{"class":66},[48,20339,94],{"class":62},[48,20341,9021],{"class":84},[48,20343,20344],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20345,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20347,20348,20350,20352,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20374,20376,20378],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20349,109],{"class":108},[48,20351,91],{"class":84},[48,20353,20354],{"class":87},"profile",[48,20356,32],{"class":84},[48,20358,19468],{"class":87},[48,20360,91],{"class":84},[48,20362,94],{"class":62},[48,20364,14977],{"class":66},[48,20366,94],{"class":62},[48,20368,365],{"class":84},[48,20370,63],{"class":62},[48,20372,20373],{"class":66},"Unknown",[48,20375,94],{"class":62},[48,20377,229],{"class":84},[48,20379,20380],{"class":129},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20382,20383],{},"This is useful for display text:",[162,20385,20386,20391,20396],{},[165,20387,20388],{},[15,20389,20390],{},"\"Unknown\"",[165,20392,20393],{},[15,20394,20395],{},"\"Not set\"",[165,20397,20398],{},[15,20399,20400],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20402,20403],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[39,20405,20407],{"className":41,"code":20406,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20408,20409,20441,20445,20472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20410,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20412,4770],{"class":54},[48,20414,59],{"class":58},[48,20416,10203],{"class":84},[48,20418,94],{"class":62},[48,20420,18134],{"class":66},[48,20422,94],{"class":62},[48,20424,503],{"class":84},[48,20426,5712],{"class":488},[48,20428,365],{"class":84},[48,20430,63],{"class":62},[48,20432,18143],{"class":66},[48,20434,94],{"class":62},[48,20436,503],{"class":84},[48,20438,6068],{"class":488},[48,20440,9021],{"class":84},[48,20442,20443],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20444,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20446,20447,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20448,20449],{"class":54},"total_history ",[48,20451,59],{"class":58},[48,20453,4817],{"class":54},[48,20455,32],{"class":84},[48,20457,19468],{"class":87},[48,20459,91],{"class":84},[48,20461,94],{"class":62},[48,20463,18152],{"class":66},[48,20465,94],{"class":62},[48,20467,365],{"class":84},[48,20469,961],{"class":488},[48,20471,102],{"class":84},[48,20473,20474,20476,20478,20481,20483],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20475,109],{"class":108},[48,20477,91],{"class":84},[48,20479,20480],{"class":87},"total_history",[48,20482,3366],{"class":84},[48,20484,331],{"class":129},[20,20486,20487,20488,20490],{},"Here, ",[15,20489,578],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20492,20493],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[162,20495,20496,20499,20504,20509],{},[165,20497,20498],{},"Use a string for text",[165,20500,139,20501,20503],{},[15,20502,578],{}," for numbers",[165,20505,139,20506,20508],{},[15,20507,3492],{}," for lists if needed",[165,20510,139,20511,20513],{},[15,20512,3497],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[34,20515,20517],{"id":20516},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20519,20520,20521,32],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20522,10452],{},[1200,20524,20526,20528],{"id":20525},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20527,10452],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20530,20531,20532,20534],{},"This code does ",[565,20533,1055],{}," create a new key:",[39,20536,20538],{"className":41,"code":20537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20539,20540,20564,20568,20593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20541,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20543,12918],{"class":54},[48,20545,59],{"class":58},[48,20547,10203],{"class":84},[48,20549,94],{"class":62},[48,20551,7377],{"class":66},[48,20553,94],{"class":62},[48,20555,503],{"class":84},[48,20557,63],{"class":62},[48,20559,12594],{"class":66},[48,20561,94],{"class":62},[48,20563,9021],{"class":84},[48,20565,20566],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20567,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20569,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20571,109],{"class":108},[48,20573,91],{"class":84},[48,20575,17024],{"class":87},[48,20577,32],{"class":84},[48,20579,19468],{"class":87},[48,20581,91],{"class":84},[48,20583,94],{"class":62},[48,20585,10121],{"class":66},[48,20587,94],{"class":62},[48,20589,229],{"class":84},[48,20591,20592],{"class":129},"  # None\n",[48,20594,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20596,109],{"class":108},[48,20598,91],{"class":84},[48,20600,17024],{"class":87},[48,20602,3366],{"class":84},[48,20604,20605],{"class":129},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20607,20608],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1200,20610,20612,20614],{"id":20611},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20613,10452],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20616,20617],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[39,20619,20621],{"className":41,"code":20620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20622,20623,20649,20653,20679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20624,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20636,20638,20640,20642,20645,20647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20626,13540],{"class":54},[48,20628,59],{"class":58},[48,20630,10203],{"class":84},[48,20632,94],{"class":62},[48,20634,20635],{"class":66},"mode",[48,20637,94],{"class":62},[48,20639,503],{"class":84},[48,20641,63],{"class":62},[48,20643,20644],{"class":66},"light",[48,20646,94],{"class":62},[48,20648,9021],{"class":84},[48,20650,20651],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20652,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20654,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20656,13599],{"class":54},[48,20658,32],{"class":84},[48,20660,19468],{"class":87},[48,20662,91],{"class":84},[48,20664,94],{"class":62},[48,20666,12208],{"class":66},[48,20668,94],{"class":62},[48,20670,365],{"class":84},[48,20672,63],{"class":62},[48,20674,12217],{"class":66},[48,20676,94],{"class":62},[48,20678,102],{"class":84},[48,20680,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20682,109],{"class":108},[48,20684,91],{"class":84},[48,20686,13599],{"class":87},[48,20688,3366],{"class":84},[48,20690,20691],{"class":129},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20693,741,20694,20697],{},[15,20695,20696],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1200,20699,20701,20702],{"id":20700},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20703,3483],{},[20,20705,20706,20707,1572,20709,20711],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20708,10452],{},[15,20710,3483],{}," because:",[162,20713,20714,20717],{},[165,20715,20716],{},"The key is missing, or",[165,20718,20719,20720],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20721,3483],{},[20,20723,182],{},[39,20725,20727],{"className":41,"code":20726,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20728,20729,20766,20770,20794],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20730,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755,20758,20760,20762,20764],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20732,8877],{"class":54},[48,20734,59],{"class":58},[48,20736,10203],{"class":84},[48,20738,94],{"class":62},[48,20740,7377],{"class":66},[48,20742,94],{"class":62},[48,20744,503],{"class":84},[48,20746,63],{"class":62},[48,20748,12594],{"class":66},[48,20750,94],{"class":62},[48,20752,365],{"class":84},[48,20754,63],{"class":62},[48,20756,20757],{"class":66},"nickname",[48,20759,94],{"class":62},[48,20761,503],{"class":84},[48,20763,3557],{"class":3556},[48,20765,9021],{"class":84},[48,20767,20768],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20769,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20771,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20773,109],{"class":108},[48,20775,91],{"class":84},[48,20777,8916],{"class":87},[48,20779,32],{"class":84},[48,20781,19468],{"class":87},[48,20783,91],{"class":84},[48,20785,94],{"class":62},[48,20787,20757],{"class":66},[48,20789,94],{"class":62},[48,20791,229],{"class":84},[48,20793,20592],{"class":129},[48,20795,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20797,109],{"class":108},[48,20799,91],{"class":84},[48,20801,8916],{"class":87},[48,20803,32],{"class":84},[48,20805,19468],{"class":87},[48,20807,91],{"class":84},[48,20809,94],{"class":62},[48,20811,10121],{"class":66},[48,20813,94],{"class":62},[48,20815,229],{"class":84},[48,20817,20818],{"class":129},"      # None\n",[20,20820,20821,20822,20824],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20823,3483],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20826,20827,20828,503],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20829,3587],{},[39,20831,20833],{"className":41,"code":20832,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20834,20835,20871,20875,20896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20836,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20838,8877],{"class":54},[48,20840,59],{"class":58},[48,20842,10203],{"class":84},[48,20844,94],{"class":62},[48,20846,7377],{"class":66},[48,20848,94],{"class":62},[48,20850,503],{"class":84},[48,20852,63],{"class":62},[48,20854,12594],{"class":66},[48,20856,94],{"class":62},[48,20858,365],{"class":84},[48,20860,63],{"class":62},[48,20862,20757],{"class":66},[48,20864,94],{"class":62},[48,20866,503],{"class":84},[48,20868,3557],{"class":3556},[48,20870,9021],{"class":84},[48,20872,20873],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20874,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,20876,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20890,20892,20894],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20878,109],{"class":108},[48,20880,91],{"class":84},[48,20882,94],{"class":62},[48,20884,20757],{"class":66},[48,20886,94],{"class":62},[48,20888,20889],{"class":1107}," in",[48,20891,14281],{"class":87},[48,20893,3366],{"class":84},[48,20895,3369],{"class":129},[48,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,20899,109],{"class":108},[48,20901,91],{"class":84},[48,20903,94],{"class":62},[48,20905,10121],{"class":66},[48,20907,94],{"class":62},[48,20909,20889],{"class":1107},[48,20911,14281],{"class":87},[48,20913,3366],{"class":84},[48,20915,20916],{"class":129},"      # False\n",[20,20918,20919,20920,32],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[224,20921,20922],{"href":16870},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[34,20924,1366],{"id":1365},[20,20926,20927,20928,503],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20929,10452],{},[162,20931,20932,20937,20944,20949],{},[165,20933,20934,20935],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20936,19405],{},[165,20938,4409,20939,1572,20941,20943],{},[15,20940,10452],{},[15,20942,3483],{}," if no default is provided",[165,20945,1398,20946,20948],{},[15,20947,10452],{}," creates a key automatically",[165,20950,20951],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20953,20954],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[39,20956,20958],{"className":41,"code":20957,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20959,20960,20970,20984,21002,21024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,20961,20962,20964,20966,20968],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,20963,109],{"class":108},[48,20965,91],{"class":84},[48,20967,11161],{"class":87},[48,20969,102],{"class":84},[48,20971,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,20973,109],{"class":108},[48,20975,91],{"class":84},[48,20977,11161],{"class":87},[48,20979,32],{"class":84},[48,20981,16640],{"class":87},[48,20983,6902],{"class":84},[48,20985,20986,20988,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,20987,109],{"class":108},[48,20989,91],{"class":84},[48,20991,3001],{"class":62},[48,20993,7377],{"class":66},[48,20995,3001],{"class":62},[48,20997,20889],{"class":1107},[48,20999,11479],{"class":87},[48,21001,102],{"class":84},[48,21003,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,21005,109],{"class":108},[48,21007,91],{"class":84},[48,21009,11161],{"class":87},[48,21011,32],{"class":84},[48,21013,19468],{"class":87},[48,21015,91],{"class":84},[48,21017,3001],{"class":62},[48,21019,7377],{"class":66},[48,21021,3001],{"class":62},[48,21023,1034],{"class":84},[48,21025,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,21027,109],{"class":108},[48,21029,91],{"class":84},[48,21031,2921],{"class":1047},[48,21033,91],{"class":84},[48,21035,11161],{"class":87},[48,21037,32],{"class":84},[48,21039,19468],{"class":87},[48,21041,91],{"class":84},[48,21043,3001],{"class":62},[48,21045,7377],{"class":66},[48,21047,3001],{"class":62},[48,21049,2610],{"class":84},[20,21051,21052],{},"What these checks tell you:",[162,21054,21055,21060,21066,21072,21078],{},[165,21056,21057,21059],{},[15,21058,12393],{}," shows the full dictionary",[165,21061,21062,21065],{},[15,21063,21064],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[165,21067,21068,21071],{},[15,21069,21070],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[165,21073,21074,21077],{},[15,21075,21076],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[165,21079,21080,21083],{},[15,21081,21082],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21085,21086,21087,500,21092,21096],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[224,21088,21089,21090,754],{"href":16779},"the dictionary ",[15,21091,16782],{},[224,21093,21089,21094,754],{"href":16792},[15,21095,16795],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[34,21098,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,21100,12418,21102,21104,21105,1564],{"id":21101},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21103,10452],{}," raise ",[15,21106,19405],{},[20,21108,21109,21110,21112],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21111,3483],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1200,21114,12418,21116,21118],{"id":21115},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21117,10452],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21120,21121],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1200,21123,21125,21126,1564],{"id":21124},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21127,10452],{},[20,21129,21130,21132],{},[15,21131,3483],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1200,21134,21136,21137,21139],{"id":21135},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21138,10452],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21141,139,21142,21144],{},[15,21143,10452],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[34,21146,1599],{"id":1598},[162,21148,21149,21153,21159,21165,21169,21174],{},[165,21150,21151],{},[224,21152,8867],{"href":8866},[165,21154,21155],{},[224,21156,10449,21157,754],{"href":16779},[15,21158,16782],{},[165,21160,21161],{},[224,21162,10449,21163,754],{"href":16792},[15,21164,16795],{},[165,21166,21167],{},[224,21168,16871],{"href":16870},[165,21170,21171],{},[224,21172,21173],{"href":16313},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[165,21175,21176],{},[224,21177,10975],{"href":10786},[1633,21179,21180],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21191,21192],{"id":20105,"depth":105,"text":20106},{"id":19468,"depth":105,"text":10452},{"id":20304,"depth":73,"text":20305},{"id":20516,"depth":73,"text":20517,"children":21195},[21196,21198,21200],{"id":20525,"depth":105,"text":21197},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20611,"depth":105,"text":21199},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20700,"depth":105,"text":21201},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":21204},[21205,21207,21209,21211],{"id":21101,"depth":105,"text":21206},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21115,"depth":105,"text":21208},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21124,"depth":105,"text":21210},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21135,"depth":105,"text":21212},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19386,"description":21214},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21221,"title":21222,"body":21223,"description":23779,"extension":1666,"meta":23780,"navigation":122,"path":23781,"seo":23782,"stem":23783,"__hash__":23784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21224,"toc":23745},[21225,21230,21236,21242,21244,21326,21330,21347,21352,21357,21362,21364,21378,21380,21443,21447,21487,21495,21497,21499,21514,21517,21530,21532,21611,21615,21681,21683,21687,21695,21697,21708,21710,21819,21823,21902,21908,21914,21919,22032,22036,22068,22071,22178,22184,22191,22195,22198,22301,22305,22366,22369,22372,22383,22392,22395,22412,22414,22513,22517,22592,22595,22618,22623,22628,22645,22647,22768,22772,22806,22808,22813,22820,22830,22832,22910,22913,22984,22994,22997,23029,23032,23071,23077,23084,23087,23178,23182,23263,23269,23272,23275,23380,23383,23386,23508,23512,23515,23582,23586,23623,23629,23631,23637,23642,23648,23655,23661,23664,23703,23709,23712,23714,23742],[10,21226,11031,21228,18],{"id":21227},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21229,16795],{},[20,21231,765,21232,21235],{},[15,21233,21234],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21237,21238,21239,21241],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21240,16795],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[34,21243,37],{"id":36},[39,21245,21247],{"className":41,"code":21246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21248,21249,21285,21289,21312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21250,21251,21253,21255,21257,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21252,12918],{"class":54},[48,21254,59],{"class":58},[48,21256,10203],{"class":84},[48,21258,94],{"class":62},[48,21260,7377],{"class":66},[48,21262,94],{"class":62},[48,21264,503],{"class":84},[48,21266,63],{"class":62},[48,21268,12594],{"class":66},[48,21270,94],{"class":62},[48,21272,365],{"class":84},[48,21274,63],{"class":62},[48,21276,9011],{"class":66},[48,21278,94],{"class":62},[48,21280,503],{"class":84},[48,21282,9018],{"class":488},[48,21284,9021],{"class":84},[48,21286,21287],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21288,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21290,21291,21293,21296,21298,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,21292,5665],{"class":1107},[48,21294,21295],{"class":54}," key",[48,21297,365],{"class":84},[48,21299,21300],{"class":54}," value ",[48,21302,3587],{"class":1107},[48,21304,12961],{"class":54},[48,21306,32],{"class":84},[48,21308,7520],{"class":87},[48,21310,21311],{"class":84},"():\n",[48,21313,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,21315,1138],{"class":108},[48,21317,91],{"class":84},[48,21319,14556],{"class":87},[48,21321,365],{"class":84},[48,21323,8144],{"class":87},[48,21325,102],{"class":84},[20,21327,21328],{},[565,21329,1037],{},[39,21331,21333],{"className":41,"code":21332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21334,21335,21340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21336,21337],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21338,21339],{"class":54},"name Ana\n",[48,21341,21342,21345],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21343,21344],{"class":54},"age ",[48,21346,2408],{"class":488},[20,21348,139,21349,21351],{},[15,21350,16795],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[34,21353,148,21355,152],{"id":21354},"what-items-does",[15,21356,16795],{},[20,21358,21359,21361],{},[15,21360,16795],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21363,11170],{},[162,21365,21366,21372,21375],{},[165,21367,21368,21369],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21370,21371],{},"(key, value)",[165,21373,21374],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[165,21376,21377],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21379,182],{},[39,21381,21383],{"className":41,"code":21382,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21384,21385,21421,21425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21386,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21388,12918],{"class":54},[48,21390,59],{"class":58},[48,21392,10203],{"class":84},[48,21394,94],{"class":62},[48,21396,7377],{"class":66},[48,21398,94],{"class":62},[48,21400,503],{"class":84},[48,21402,63],{"class":62},[48,21404,12594],{"class":66},[48,21406,94],{"class":62},[48,21408,365],{"class":84},[48,21410,63],{"class":62},[48,21412,9011],{"class":66},[48,21414,94],{"class":62},[48,21416,503],{"class":84},[48,21418,9018],{"class":488},[48,21420,9021],{"class":84},[48,21422,21423],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21424,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21426,21427,21429,21431,21433,21435,21437,21439,21441],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,21428,109],{"class":108},[48,21430,91],{"class":84},[48,21432,7804],{"class":1047},[48,21434,91],{"class":84},[48,21436,17024],{"class":87},[48,21438,32],{"class":84},[48,21440,7520],{"class":87},[48,21442,5998],{"class":84},[20,21444,21445],{},[565,21446,1037],{},[39,21448,21450],{"className":41,"code":21449,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21451,21452],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21453,21454,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21455,21456],{"class":84},"[(",[48,21458,3001],{"class":62},[48,21460,7377],{"class":66},[48,21462,3001],{"class":62},[48,21464,365],{"class":84},[48,21466,2996],{"class":62},[48,21468,12594],{"class":66},[48,21470,3001],{"class":62},[48,21472,8945],{"class":84},[48,21474,8948],{"class":84},[48,21476,3001],{"class":62},[48,21478,9011],{"class":66},[48,21480,3001],{"class":62},[48,21482,365],{"class":84},[48,21484,9018],{"class":488},[48,21486,8961],{"class":84},[20,21488,21489,21490,1358,21492,32],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[224,21491,8867],{"href":12737},[224,21493,14740],{"href":21494},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[34,21496,340],{"id":339},[20,21498,5140],{},[39,21500,21502],{"className":41,"code":21501,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21503,21504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21505,21506,21508,21510,21512],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21507,11161],{"class":54},[48,21509,32],{"class":84},[48,21511,7520],{"class":87},[48,21513,8353],{"class":84},[20,21515,21516],{},"Things to remember:",[162,21518,21519,21524,21527],{},[165,21520,21521,21523],{},[15,21522,16795],{}," does not take any arguments",[165,21525,21526],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[165,21528,21529],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21531,182],{},[39,21533,21535],{"className":41,"code":21534,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21536,21537,21569,21573,21587,21591,21601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21538,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21540,4770],{"class":54},[48,21542,59],{"class":58},[48,21544,10203],{"class":84},[48,21546,94],{"class":62},[48,21548,4710],{"class":66},[48,21550,94],{"class":62},[48,21552,503],{"class":84},[48,21554,19616],{"class":488},[48,21556,365],{"class":84},[48,21558,63],{"class":62},[48,21560,4719],{"class":66},[48,21562,94],{"class":62},[48,21564,503],{"class":84},[48,21566,13221],{"class":488},[48,21568,9021],{"class":84},[48,21570,21571],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21572,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21574,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,21576,1929],{"class":54},[48,21578,59],{"class":58},[48,21580,4817],{"class":54},[48,21582,32],{"class":84},[48,21584,7520],{"class":87},[48,21586,8353],{"class":84},[48,21588,21589],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,21590,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21592,21593,21595,21597,21599],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,21594,109],{"class":108},[48,21596,91],{"class":84},[48,21598,1964],{"class":87},[48,21600,102],{"class":84},[48,21602,21603,21605,21607,21609],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,21604,109],{"class":108},[48,21606,91],{"class":84},[48,21608,16105],{"class":87},[48,21610,102],{"class":84},[20,21612,21613],{},[565,21614,1037],{},[39,21616,21618],{"className":41,"code":21617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21619,21620,21653],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21621,21622,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21623,21624],{"class":87},"dict_items",[48,21626,9370],{"class":84},[48,21628,3001],{"class":62},[48,21630,4710],{"class":66},[48,21632,3001],{"class":62},[48,21634,365],{"class":84},[48,21636,19616],{"class":488},[48,21638,8945],{"class":84},[48,21640,8948],{"class":84},[48,21642,3001],{"class":62},[48,21644,4719],{"class":66},[48,21646,3001],{"class":62},[48,21648,365],{"class":84},[48,21650,13221],{"class":488},[48,21652,10391],{"class":84},[48,21654,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21656,8990],{"class":84},[48,21658,3001],{"class":62},[48,21660,4710],{"class":66},[48,21662,3001],{"class":62},[48,21664,503],{"class":84},[48,21666,19616],{"class":488},[48,21668,365],{"class":84},[48,21670,2996],{"class":62},[48,21672,4719],{"class":66},[48,21674,3001],{"class":62},[48,21676,503],{"class":84},[48,21678,13221],{"class":488},[48,21680,9021],{"class":84},[20,21682,20608],{},[34,21684,21686],{"id":21685},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21688,21689,21691,21692,21694],{},[15,21690,16795],{}," returns a ",[15,21693,21624],{}," view object.",[20,21696,570],{},[162,21698,21699,21702,21705],{},[165,21700,21701],{},"You can loop over it",[165,21703,21704],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[165,21706,21707],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21709,182],{},[39,21711,21713],{"className":41,"code":21712,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21714,21715,21747,21761,21765,21779,21783,21801,21805],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21716,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21718,8877],{"class":54},[48,21720,59],{"class":58},[48,21722,10203],{"class":84},[48,21724,94],{"class":62},[48,21726,1873],{"class":66},[48,21728,94],{"class":62},[48,21730,503],{"class":84},[48,21732,5204],{"class":488},[48,21734,365],{"class":84},[48,21736,63],{"class":62},[48,21738,11458],{"class":66},[48,21740,94],{"class":62},[48,21742,503],{"class":84},[48,21744,489],{"class":488},[48,21746,9021],{"class":84},[48,21748,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21750,8927],{"class":54},[48,21752,59],{"class":58},[48,21754,14281],{"class":54},[48,21756,32],{"class":84},[48,21758,7520],{"class":87},[48,21760,8353],{"class":84},[48,21762,21763],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,21764,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21766,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,21768,109],{"class":108},[48,21770,91],{"class":84},[48,21772,7804],{"class":1047},[48,21774,91],{"class":84},[48,21776,8974],{"class":87},[48,21778,1034],{"class":84},[48,21780,21781],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,21782,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21784,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,21786,8916],{"class":54},[48,21788,3605],{"class":84},[48,21790,94],{"class":62},[48,21792,1029],{"class":66},[48,21794,94],{"class":62},[48,21796,12987],{"class":84},[48,21798,12990],{"class":58},[48,21800,2276],{"class":488},[48,21802,21803],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,21804,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21806,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,21808,109],{"class":108},[48,21810,91],{"class":84},[48,21812,7804],{"class":1047},[48,21814,91],{"class":84},[48,21816,8974],{"class":87},[48,21818,1034],{"class":84},[20,21820,21821],{},[565,21822,1037],{},[39,21824,21826],{"className":41,"code":21825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21827,21828,21858],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21829,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21831,21456],{"class":84},[48,21833,3001],{"class":62},[48,21835,1873],{"class":66},[48,21837,3001],{"class":62},[48,21839,365],{"class":84},[48,21841,5204],{"class":488},[48,21843,8945],{"class":84},[48,21845,8948],{"class":84},[48,21847,3001],{"class":62},[48,21849,11458],{"class":66},[48,21851,3001],{"class":62},[48,21853,365],{"class":84},[48,21855,489],{"class":488},[48,21857,8961],{"class":84},[48,21859,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21861,21456],{"class":84},[48,21863,3001],{"class":62},[48,21865,1873],{"class":66},[48,21867,3001],{"class":62},[48,21869,365],{"class":84},[48,21871,5204],{"class":488},[48,21873,8945],{"class":84},[48,21875,8948],{"class":84},[48,21877,3001],{"class":62},[48,21879,11458],{"class":66},[48,21881,3001],{"class":62},[48,21883,365],{"class":84},[48,21885,489],{"class":488},[48,21887,8945],{"class":84},[48,21889,8948],{"class":84},[48,21891,3001],{"class":62},[48,21893,1029],{"class":66},[48,21895,3001],{"class":62},[48,21897,365],{"class":84},[48,21899,2152],{"class":488},[48,21901,8961],{"class":84},[20,21903,21904,21905,21907],{},"This happens because ",[15,21906,8974],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[34,21909,21911,21912],{"id":21910},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21913,16795],{},[20,21915,21916,21917,503],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21918,16795],{},[39,21920,21922],{"className":41,"code":21921,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21923,21924,21977,21981,22001],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,21925,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971,21973,21975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,21927,12577],{"class":54},[48,21929,59],{"class":58},[48,21931,10203],{"class":84},[48,21933,94],{"class":62},[48,21935,7377],{"class":66},[48,21937,94],{"class":62},[48,21939,503],{"class":84},[48,21941,63],{"class":62},[48,21943,7632],{"class":66},[48,21945,94],{"class":62},[48,21947,365],{"class":84},[48,21949,63],{"class":62},[48,21951,19609],{"class":66},[48,21953,94],{"class":62},[48,21955,503],{"class":84},[48,21957,63],{"class":62},[48,21959,21960],{"class":66},"A",[48,21962,94],{"class":62},[48,21964,365],{"class":84},[48,21966,63],{"class":62},[48,21968,9011],{"class":66},[48,21970,94],{"class":62},[48,21972,503],{"class":84},[48,21974,13572],{"class":488},[48,21976,9021],{"class":84},[48,21978,21979],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,21980,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,21982,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,21984,5665],{"class":1107},[48,21986,21295],{"class":54},[48,21988,365],{"class":84},[48,21990,21300],{"class":54},[48,21992,3587],{"class":1107},[48,21994,12620],{"class":54},[48,21996,32],{"class":84},[48,21998,7520],{"class":87},[48,22000,21311],{"class":84},[48,22002,22003,22005,22007,22010,22012,22014,22016,22019,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22004,1138],{"class":108},[48,22006,91],{"class":84},[48,22008,22009],{"class":1767},"f",[48,22011,94],{"class":66},[48,22013,8990],{"class":488},[48,22015,14556],{"class":87},[48,22017,22018],{"class":488},"}",[48,22020,22021],{"class":66},": ",[48,22023,8990],{"class":488},[48,22025,362],{"class":87},[48,22027,22018],{"class":488},[48,22029,94],{"class":66},[48,22031,102],{"class":84},[20,22033,22034],{},[565,22035,1037],{},[39,22037,22039],{"className":41,"code":22038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22040,22041,22050,22059],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22042,22043,22045,22047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22044,7377],{"class":54},[48,22046,503],{"class":84},[48,22048,22049],{"class":54}," Mia\n",[48,22051,22052,22054,22056],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22053,19609],{"class":54},[48,22055,503],{"class":84},[48,22057,22058],{"class":54}," A\n",[48,22060,22061,22063,22065],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22062,9011],{"class":54},[48,22064,503],{"class":84},[48,22066,22067],{"class":488}," 14\n",[20,22069,22070],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[39,22072,22074],{"className":41,"code":22073,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22075,22076,22128,22132,22144],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22077,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22079,12577],{"class":54},[48,22081,59],{"class":58},[48,22083,10203],{"class":84},[48,22085,94],{"class":62},[48,22087,7377],{"class":66},[48,22089,94],{"class":62},[48,22091,503],{"class":84},[48,22093,63],{"class":62},[48,22095,7632],{"class":66},[48,22097,94],{"class":62},[48,22099,365],{"class":84},[48,22101,63],{"class":62},[48,22103,19609],{"class":66},[48,22105,94],{"class":62},[48,22107,503],{"class":84},[48,22109,63],{"class":62},[48,22111,21960],{"class":66},[48,22113,94],{"class":62},[48,22115,365],{"class":84},[48,22117,63],{"class":62},[48,22119,9011],{"class":66},[48,22121,94],{"class":62},[48,22123,503],{"class":84},[48,22125,13572],{"class":488},[48,22127,9021],{"class":84},[48,22129,22130],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22131,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22133,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22135,5665],{"class":1107},[48,22137,17926],{"class":54},[48,22139,3587],{"class":1107},[48,22141,12620],{"class":54},[48,22143,1110],{"class":84},[48,22145,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22147,1138],{"class":108},[48,22149,91],{"class":84},[48,22151,22009],{"class":1767},[48,22153,94],{"class":66},[48,22155,8990],{"class":488},[48,22157,14556],{"class":87},[48,22159,22018],{"class":488},[48,22161,22021],{"class":66},[48,22163,8990],{"class":488},[48,22165,13340],{"class":87},[48,22167,3605],{"class":84},[48,22169,14556],{"class":87},[48,22171,12987],{"class":84},[48,22173,22018],{"class":488},[48,22175,94],{"class":66},[48,22177,102],{"class":84},[20,22179,6218,22180,22183],{},[15,22181,22182],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22185,22186,22187,32],{},"For a full guide, see ",[224,22188,22190],{"href":22189},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[34,22192,22194],{"id":22193},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22196,22197],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[39,22199,22201],{"className":41,"code":22200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22202,22203,22262,22266,22286,22290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22204,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22240,22242,22244,22246,22249,22251,22253,22255,22258,22260],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22206,12789],{"class":54},[48,22208,59],{"class":58},[48,22210,10203],{"class":84},[48,22212,94],{"class":62},[48,22214,3785],{"class":66},[48,22216,94],{"class":62},[48,22218,503],{"class":84},[48,22220,63],{"class":62},[48,22222,12806],{"class":66},[48,22224,94],{"class":62},[48,22226,365],{"class":84},[48,22228,63],{"class":62},[48,22230,198],{"class":66},[48,22232,94],{"class":62},[48,22234,503],{"class":84},[48,22236,63],{"class":62},[48,22238,22239],{"class":66},"yellow",[48,22241,94],{"class":62},[48,22243,365],{"class":84},[48,22245,63],{"class":62},[48,22247,22248],{"class":66},"grape",[48,22250,94],{"class":62},[48,22252,503],{"class":84},[48,22254,63],{"class":62},[48,22256,22257],{"class":66},"purple",[48,22259,94],{"class":62},[48,22261,9021],{"class":84},[48,22263,22264],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22265,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22267,22268,22271,22273,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22269,22270],{"class":54},"pairs_list ",[48,22272,59],{"class":58},[48,22274,22275],{"class":1047}," list",[48,22277,91],{"class":84},[48,22279,17220],{"class":87},[48,22281,32],{"class":84},[48,22283,7520],{"class":87},[48,22285,6902],{"class":84},[48,22287,22288],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22289,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22291,22292,22294,22296,22299],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,22293,109],{"class":108},[48,22295,91],{"class":84},[48,22297,22298],{"class":87},"pairs_list",[48,22300,102],{"class":84},[20,22302,22303],{},[565,22304,1037],{},[39,22306,22308],{"className":41,"code":22307,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22309,22310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22313,21456],{"class":84},[48,22315,3001],{"class":62},[48,22317,3785],{"class":66},[48,22319,3001],{"class":62},[48,22321,365],{"class":84},[48,22323,2996],{"class":62},[48,22325,12806],{"class":66},[48,22327,3001],{"class":62},[48,22329,8945],{"class":84},[48,22331,8948],{"class":84},[48,22333,3001],{"class":62},[48,22335,198],{"class":66},[48,22337,3001],{"class":62},[48,22339,365],{"class":84},[48,22341,2996],{"class":62},[48,22343,22239],{"class":66},[48,22345,3001],{"class":62},[48,22347,8945],{"class":84},[48,22349,8948],{"class":84},[48,22351,3001],{"class":62},[48,22353,22248],{"class":66},[48,22355,3001],{"class":62},[48,22357,365],{"class":84},[48,22359,2996],{"class":62},[48,22361,22257],{"class":66},[48,22363,3001],{"class":62},[48,22365,8961],{"class":84},[20,22367,22368],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22370,22371],{},"Use this when:",[162,22373,22374,22377,22380],{},[165,22375,22376],{},"You want clearer printed output",[165,22378,22379],{},"You need list behavior",[165,22381,22382],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[34,22384,22386,1188,22388,1188,22390],{"id":22385},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22387,16795],{},[15,22389,16782],{},[15,22391,16788],{},[20,22393,22394],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[162,22396,22397,22402,22407],{},[165,22398,22399,22401],{},[15,22400,16795],{}," gives both key and value",[165,22403,22404,22406],{},[15,22405,16782],{}," gives only keys",[165,22408,22409,22411],{},[15,22410,16788],{}," gives only values",[20,22413,182],{},[39,22415,22417],{"className":41,"code":22416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22418,22419,22455,22459,22477,22495],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22420,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22422,12918],{"class":54},[48,22424,59],{"class":58},[48,22426,10203],{"class":84},[48,22428,94],{"class":62},[48,22430,7377],{"class":66},[48,22432,94],{"class":62},[48,22434,503],{"class":84},[48,22436,63],{"class":62},[48,22438,12594],{"class":66},[48,22440,94],{"class":62},[48,22442,365],{"class":84},[48,22444,63],{"class":62},[48,22446,9011],{"class":66},[48,22448,94],{"class":62},[48,22450,503],{"class":84},[48,22452,9018],{"class":488},[48,22454,9021],{"class":84},[48,22456,22457],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22458,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22460,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22462,109],{"class":108},[48,22464,91],{"class":84},[48,22466,7804],{"class":1047},[48,22468,91],{"class":84},[48,22470,17024],{"class":87},[48,22472,32],{"class":84},[48,22474,16640],{"class":87},[48,22476,5998],{"class":84},[48,22478,22479,22481,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491,22493],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22480,109],{"class":108},[48,22482,91],{"class":84},[48,22484,7804],{"class":1047},[48,22486,91],{"class":84},[48,22488,17024],{"class":87},[48,22490,32],{"class":84},[48,22492,5065],{"class":87},[48,22494,5998],{"class":84},[48,22496,22497,22499,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,22498,109],{"class":108},[48,22500,91],{"class":84},[48,22502,7804],{"class":1047},[48,22504,91],{"class":84},[48,22506,17024],{"class":87},[48,22508,32],{"class":84},[48,22510,7520],{"class":87},[48,22512,5998],{"class":84},[20,22514,22515],{},[565,22516,1037],{},[39,22518,22520],{"className":41,"code":22519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22521,22522,22542,22558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22523,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22525,3605],{"class":84},[48,22527,3001],{"class":62},[48,22529,7377],{"class":66},[48,22531,3001],{"class":62},[48,22533,365],{"class":84},[48,22535,2996],{"class":62},[48,22537,9011],{"class":66},[48,22539,3001],{"class":62},[48,22541,3339],{"class":84},[48,22543,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22545,3605],{"class":84},[48,22547,3001],{"class":62},[48,22549,12594],{"class":66},[48,22551,3001],{"class":62},[48,22553,365],{"class":84},[48,22555,9018],{"class":488},[48,22557,3339],{"class":84},[48,22559,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22561,21456],{"class":84},[48,22563,3001],{"class":62},[48,22565,7377],{"class":66},[48,22567,3001],{"class":62},[48,22569,365],{"class":84},[48,22571,2996],{"class":62},[48,22573,12594],{"class":66},[48,22575,3001],{"class":62},[48,22577,8945],{"class":84},[48,22579,8948],{"class":84},[48,22581,3001],{"class":62},[48,22583,9011],{"class":66},[48,22585,3001],{"class":62},[48,22587,365],{"class":84},[48,22589,9018],{"class":488},[48,22591,8961],{"class":84},[20,22593,22594],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[162,22596,22597,22605,22613],{},[165,22598,22599,22600],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[224,22601,22603],{"href":22602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22604,16782],{},[165,22606,22607,22608],{},"Need just values? Use ",[224,22609,22611],{"href":22610},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22612,16788],{},[165,22614,22615,22616],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22617,16795],{},[34,22619,4667,22621],{"id":22620},"when-to-use-items",[15,22622,16795],{},[20,22624,22625,22627],{},[15,22626,16795],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[162,22629,22630,22633,22636,22639,22642],{},[165,22631,22632],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[165,22634,22635],{},"Building formatted output",[165,22637,22638],{},"Looping through settings and values",[165,22640,22641],{},"Showing names with scores",[165,22643,22644],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22646,182],{},[39,22648,22650],{"className":41,"code":22649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22651,22652,22660,22678,22697,22709,22713,22717,22738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22653,22654,22656,22658],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22655,13540],{"class":54},[48,22657,59],{"class":58},[48,22659,11205],{"class":84},[48,22661,22662,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22663,11210],{"class":62},[48,22665,12208],{"class":66},[48,22667,94],{"class":62},[48,22669,503],{"class":84},[48,22671,63],{"class":62},[48,22673,12217],{"class":66},[48,22675,94],{"class":62},[48,22677,11226],{"class":84},[48,22679,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22693,22695],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22681,11210],{"class":62},[48,22683,19840],{"class":66},[48,22685,94],{"class":62},[48,22687,503],{"class":84},[48,22689,63],{"class":62},[48,22691,22692],{"class":66},"English",[48,22694,94],{"class":62},[48,22696,11226],{"class":84},[48,22698,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22700,11210],{"class":62},[48,22702,18242],{"class":66},[48,22704,94],{"class":62},[48,22706,503],{"class":84},[48,22708,6130],{"class":3556},[48,22710,22711],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,22712,9021],{"class":84},[48,22714,22715],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,22716,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22718,22719,22721,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,22720,5665],{"class":1107},[48,22722,22723],{"class":54}," setting",[48,22725,365],{"class":84},[48,22727,21300],{"class":54},[48,22729,3587],{"class":1107},[48,22731,13584],{"class":54},[48,22733,32],{"class":84},[48,22735,7520],{"class":87},[48,22737,21311],{"class":84},[48,22739,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22753,22755,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,22741,1138],{"class":108},[48,22743,91],{"class":84},[48,22745,22009],{"class":1767},[48,22747,94],{"class":66},[48,22749,8990],{"class":488},[48,22751,22752],{"class":87},"setting",[48,22754,22018],{"class":488},[48,22756,22757],{"class":66}," = ",[48,22759,8990],{"class":488},[48,22761,362],{"class":87},[48,22763,22018],{"class":488},[48,22765,94],{"class":66},[48,22767,102],{"class":84},[20,22769,22770],{},[565,22771,1037],{},[39,22773,22775],{"className":41,"code":22774,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22776,22777,22787,22797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22778,22779,22782,22784],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22780,22781],{"class":54},"theme ",[48,22783,59],{"class":58},[48,22785,22786],{"class":54}," dark\n",[48,22788,22789,22792,22794],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22790,22791],{"class":54},"language ",[48,22793,59],{"class":58},[48,22795,22796],{"class":54}," English\n",[48,22798,22799,22802,22804],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22800,22801],{"class":54},"notifications ",[48,22803,59],{"class":58},[48,22805,6130],{"class":3556},[34,22807,1366],{"id":1365},[20,22809,22810,22811,32],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22812,16795],{},[1200,22814,22816,22817,22819],{"id":22815},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22818,16795],{}," incorrectly",[20,22821,22822,22823,22825,22826,22829],{},"Each result from ",[15,22824,16795],{}," has ",[565,22827,22828],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22831,6395],{},[39,22833,22834],{"className":41,"code":21246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,22835,22836,22872,22876,22896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22837,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22839,12918],{"class":54},[48,22841,59],{"class":58},[48,22843,10203],{"class":84},[48,22845,94],{"class":62},[48,22847,7377],{"class":66},[48,22849,94],{"class":62},[48,22851,503],{"class":84},[48,22853,63],{"class":62},[48,22855,12594],{"class":66},[48,22857,94],{"class":62},[48,22859,365],{"class":84},[48,22861,63],{"class":62},[48,22863,9011],{"class":66},[48,22865,94],{"class":62},[48,22867,503],{"class":84},[48,22869,9018],{"class":488},[48,22871,9021],{"class":84},[48,22873,22874],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22875,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22877,22878,22880,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22879,5665],{"class":1107},[48,22881,21295],{"class":54},[48,22883,365],{"class":84},[48,22885,21300],{"class":54},[48,22887,3587],{"class":1107},[48,22889,12961],{"class":54},[48,22891,32],{"class":84},[48,22893,7520],{"class":87},[48,22895,21311],{"class":84},[48,22897,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22899,1138],{"class":108},[48,22901,91],{"class":84},[48,22903,14556],{"class":87},[48,22905,365],{"class":84},[48,22907,8144],{"class":87},[48,22909,102],{"class":84},[20,22911,22912],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[39,22914,22916],{"className":41,"code":22915,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22917,22918,22954,22958,22974],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,22921,12918],{"class":54},[48,22923,59],{"class":58},[48,22925,10203],{"class":84},[48,22927,94],{"class":62},[48,22929,7377],{"class":66},[48,22931,94],{"class":62},[48,22933,503],{"class":84},[48,22935,63],{"class":62},[48,22937,12594],{"class":66},[48,22939,94],{"class":62},[48,22941,365],{"class":84},[48,22943,63],{"class":62},[48,22945,9011],{"class":66},[48,22947,94],{"class":62},[48,22949,503],{"class":84},[48,22951,9018],{"class":488},[48,22953,9021],{"class":84},[48,22955,22956],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,22957,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,22959,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,22961,5665],{"class":1107},[48,22963,17926],{"class":54},[48,22965,3587],{"class":1107},[48,22967,12961],{"class":54},[48,22969,32],{"class":84},[48,22971,7520],{"class":87},[48,22973,21311],{"class":84},[48,22975,22976,22978,22980,22982],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,22977,1138],{"class":108},[48,22979,91],{"class":84},[48,22981,14556],{"class":87},[48,22983,102],{"class":84},[20,22985,22986,22987,22989,22990,22993],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22988,14556],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22991,22992],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22995,22996],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[39,22998,23000],{"className":41,"code":22999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23001,23002,23018],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23003,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23005,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23007,5668],{"class":54},[48,23009,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23011,12961],{"class":54},[48,23013,32],{"class":84},[48,23015,7520],{"class":87},[48,23017,21311],{"class":84},[48,23019,23020,23022,23024,23027],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23021,1138],{"class":108},[48,23023,91],{"class":84},[48,23025,23026],{"class":87},"item",[48,23028,102],{"class":84},[20,23030,23031],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[39,23033,23035],{"className":41,"code":23034,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23036,23037,23057],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23038,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23040,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23042,21295],{"class":54},[48,23044,365],{"class":84},[48,23046,21300],{"class":54},[48,23048,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23050,12961],{"class":54},[48,23052,32],{"class":84},[48,23054,7520],{"class":87},[48,23056,21311],{"class":84},[48,23058,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23060,1138],{"class":108},[48,23062,91],{"class":84},[48,23064,14556],{"class":87},[48,23066,365],{"class":84},[48,23068,8144],{"class":87},[48,23070,102],{"class":84},[1200,23072,1379,23074,23076],{"id":23073},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23075,16795],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23078,23079,21691,23081,23083],{},[15,23080,16795],{},[15,23082,21624],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23085,23086],{},"Check it:",[39,23088,23090],{"className":41,"code":23089,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23091,23092,23124,23128,23142,23160],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23093,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23095,11437],{"class":54},[48,23097,59],{"class":58},[48,23099,10203],{"class":84},[48,23101,94],{"class":62},[48,23103,224],{"class":66},[48,23105,94],{"class":62},[48,23107,503],{"class":84},[48,23109,5204],{"class":488},[48,23111,365],{"class":84},[48,23113,63],{"class":62},[48,23115,4466],{"class":66},[48,23117,94],{"class":62},[48,23119,503],{"class":84},[48,23121,489],{"class":488},[48,23123,9021],{"class":84},[48,23125,23126],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23127,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23129,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23131,109],{"class":108},[48,23133,91],{"class":84},[48,23135,11161],{"class":87},[48,23137,32],{"class":84},[48,23139,7520],{"class":87},[48,23141,6902],{"class":84},[48,23143,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,23145,109],{"class":108},[48,23147,91],{"class":84},[48,23149,2921],{"class":1047},[48,23151,91],{"class":84},[48,23153,11161],{"class":87},[48,23155,32],{"class":84},[48,23157,7520],{"class":87},[48,23159,5998],{"class":84},[48,23161,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,23163,109],{"class":108},[48,23165,91],{"class":84},[48,23167,7804],{"class":1047},[48,23169,91],{"class":84},[48,23171,11161],{"class":87},[48,23173,32],{"class":84},[48,23175,7520],{"class":87},[48,23177,5998],{"class":84},[20,23179,23180],{},[565,23181,1037],{},[39,23183,23185],{"className":41,"code":23184,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23186,23187,23219,23233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23188,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23190,21624],{"class":87},[48,23192,9370],{"class":84},[48,23194,3001],{"class":62},[48,23196,224],{"class":66},[48,23198,3001],{"class":62},[48,23200,365],{"class":84},[48,23202,5204],{"class":488},[48,23204,8945],{"class":84},[48,23206,8948],{"class":84},[48,23208,3001],{"class":62},[48,23210,4466],{"class":66},[48,23212,3001],{"class":62},[48,23214,365],{"class":84},[48,23216,489],{"class":488},[48,23218,10391],{"class":84},[48,23220,23221,23223,23225,23227,23229,23231],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23222,2990],{"class":58},[48,23224,2993],{"class":1767},[48,23226,2996],{"class":62},[48,23228,21624],{"class":66},[48,23230,3001],{"class":62},[48,23232,3004],{"class":58},[48,23234,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23236,21456],{"class":84},[48,23238,3001],{"class":62},[48,23240,224],{"class":66},[48,23242,3001],{"class":62},[48,23244,365],{"class":84},[48,23246,5204],{"class":488},[48,23248,8945],{"class":84},[48,23250,8948],{"class":84},[48,23252,3001],{"class":62},[48,23254,4466],{"class":66},[48,23256,3001],{"class":62},[48,23258,365],{"class":84},[48,23260,489],{"class":488},[48,23262,8961],{"class":84},[1200,23264,23266,23267],{"id":23265},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23268,16795],{},[20,23270,23271],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23273,23274],{},"Problem example:",[39,23276,23278],{"className":41,"code":23277,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23279,23280,23324,23328,23348,23360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23283,3321],{"class":54},[48,23285,59],{"class":58},[48,23287,10203],{"class":84},[48,23289,94],{"class":62},[48,23291,224],{"class":66},[48,23293,94],{"class":62},[48,23295,503],{"class":84},[48,23297,5204],{"class":488},[48,23299,365],{"class":84},[48,23301,63],{"class":62},[48,23303,4466],{"class":66},[48,23305,94],{"class":62},[48,23307,503],{"class":84},[48,23309,489],{"class":488},[48,23311,365],{"class":84},[48,23313,63],{"class":62},[48,23315,632],{"class":66},[48,23317,94],{"class":62},[48,23319,503],{"class":84},[48,23321,2152],{"class":488},[48,23323,9021],{"class":84},[48,23325,23326],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23327,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23329,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23331,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23333,21295],{"class":54},[48,23335,365],{"class":84},[48,23337,21300],{"class":54},[48,23339,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23341,3969],{"class":54},[48,23343,32],{"class":84},[48,23345,7520],{"class":87},[48,23347,21311],{"class":84},[48,23349,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,23351,6106],{"class":1107},[48,23353,21300],{"class":54},[48,23355,4393],{"class":58},[48,23357,489],{"class":488},[48,23359,1110],{"class":84},[48,23361,23362,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,23363,23364],{"class":54},"        numbers",[48,23366,3605],{"class":84},[48,23368,94],{"class":62},[48,23370,18485],{"class":66},[48,23372,94],{"class":62},[48,23374,12987],{"class":84},[48,23376,12990],{"class":58},[48,23378,23379],{"class":488}," 4\n",[20,23381,23382],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23384,23385],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[39,23387,23389],{"className":41,"code":23388,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23390,23391,23435,23439,23464,23476,23494,23498],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23392,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23394,3321],{"class":54},[48,23396,59],{"class":58},[48,23398,10203],{"class":84},[48,23400,94],{"class":62},[48,23402,224],{"class":66},[48,23404,94],{"class":62},[48,23406,503],{"class":84},[48,23408,5204],{"class":488},[48,23410,365],{"class":84},[48,23412,63],{"class":62},[48,23414,4466],{"class":66},[48,23416,94],{"class":62},[48,23418,503],{"class":84},[48,23420,489],{"class":488},[48,23422,365],{"class":84},[48,23424,63],{"class":62},[48,23426,632],{"class":66},[48,23428,94],{"class":62},[48,23430,503],{"class":84},[48,23432,2152],{"class":488},[48,23434,9021],{"class":84},[48,23436,23437],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23438,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23440,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23442,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23444,21295],{"class":54},[48,23446,365],{"class":84},[48,23448,21300],{"class":54},[48,23450,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23452,22275],{"class":1047},[48,23454,91],{"class":84},[48,23456,3353],{"class":87},[48,23458,32],{"class":84},[48,23460,7520],{"class":87},[48,23462,23463],{"class":84},"()):\n",[48,23465,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,23467,6106],{"class":1107},[48,23469,21300],{"class":54},[48,23471,4393],{"class":58},[48,23473,489],{"class":488},[48,23475,1110],{"class":84},[48,23477,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,23479,23364],{"class":54},[48,23481,3605],{"class":84},[48,23483,94],{"class":62},[48,23485,18485],{"class":66},[48,23487,94],{"class":62},[48,23489,12987],{"class":84},[48,23491,12990],{"class":58},[48,23493,23379],{"class":488},[48,23495,23496],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,23497,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23499,23500,23502,23504,23506],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,23501,109],{"class":108},[48,23503,91],{"class":84},[48,23505,3353],{"class":87},[48,23507,102],{"class":84},[1200,23509,23511],{"id":23510},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23513,23514],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[39,23516,23518],{"className":41,"code":23517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23519,23520,23552,23556,23572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23521,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23523,8877],{"class":54},[48,23525,59],{"class":58},[48,23527,10203],{"class":84},[48,23529,94],{"class":62},[48,23531,1873],{"class":66},[48,23533,94],{"class":62},[48,23535,503],{"class":84},[48,23537,5712],{"class":488},[48,23539,365],{"class":84},[48,23541,63],{"class":62},[48,23543,11458],{"class":66},[48,23545,94],{"class":62},[48,23547,503],{"class":84},[48,23549,7500],{"class":488},[48,23551,9021],{"class":84},[48,23553,23554],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23555,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23557,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23559,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23561,5668],{"class":54},[48,23563,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23565,14281],{"class":54},[48,23567,32],{"class":84},[48,23569,7520],{"class":87},[48,23571,21311],{"class":84},[48,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,23575,1138],{"class":108},[48,23577,91],{"class":84},[48,23579,23026],{"class":87},[48,23581,102],{"class":84},[20,23583,23584],{},[565,23585,1037],{},[39,23587,23589],{"className":41,"code":23588,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23590,23591,23607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23592,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23594,91],{"class":84},[48,23596,3001],{"class":62},[48,23598,1873],{"class":66},[48,23600,3001],{"class":62},[48,23602,365],{"class":84},[48,23604,5712],{"class":488},[48,23606,102],{"class":84},[48,23608,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23610,91],{"class":84},[48,23612,3001],{"class":62},[48,23614,11458],{"class":66},[48,23616,3001],{"class":62},[48,23618,365],{"class":84},[48,23620,7500],{"class":488},[48,23622,102],{"class":84},[20,23624,23625,23626,23628],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23627,21371],{}," pair.",[34,23630,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,23632,23634,23635,4852],{"id":23633},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23636,16795],{},[20,23638,17139,23639,23641],{},[15,23640,21624],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1200,23643,12418,23645,23647],{"id":23644},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23646,16795],{}," return a list?",[20,23649,23650,23651,23654],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23652,23653],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1200,23656,23658,23659,1564],{"id":23657},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23660,16795],{},[20,23662,23663],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[39,23665,23667],{"className":41,"code":23666,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23668,23669,23689],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23672,5665],{"class":1107},[48,23674,21295],{"class":54},[48,23676,365],{"class":84},[48,23678,21300],{"class":54},[48,23680,3587],{"class":1107},[48,23682,11479],{"class":54},[48,23684,32],{"class":84},[48,23686,7520],{"class":87},[48,23688,21311],{"class":84},[48,23690,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23692,1138],{"class":108},[48,23694,91],{"class":84},[48,23696,14556],{"class":87},[48,23698,365],{"class":84},[48,23700,8144],{"class":87},[48,23702,102],{"class":84},[1200,23704,12418,23706,23708],{"id":23705},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23707,16795],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23710,23711],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[34,23713,1599],{"id":1598},[162,23715,23716,23722,23728,23733,23737],{},[165,23717,23718],{},[224,23719,10449,23720,754],{"href":22602},[15,23721,16782],{},[165,23723,23724],{},[224,23725,10449,23726,754],{"href":22610},[15,23727,16788],{},[165,23729,23730],{},[224,23731,23732],{"href":22189},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[165,23734,23735],{},[224,23736,8867],{"href":12737},[165,23738,23739],{},[224,23740,23741],{"href":21494},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1633,23743,23744],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":23746},[23747,23748,23750,23751,23752,23754,23755,23757,23759,23768,23778],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":21354,"depth":73,"text":23749},"What items() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":21685,"depth":73,"text":21686},{"id":21910,"depth":73,"text":23753},"Looping with items()",{"id":22193,"depth":73,"text":22194},{"id":22385,"depth":73,"text":23756},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22620,"depth":73,"text":23758},"When to use items()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":23760},[23761,23763,23765,23767],{"id":22815,"depth":105,"text":23762},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23073,"depth":105,"text":23764},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23265,"depth":105,"text":23766},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23510,"depth":105,"text":23511},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":23769},[23770,23772,23774,23776],{"id":23633,"depth":105,"text":23771},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23644,"depth":105,"text":23773},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23657,"depth":105,"text":23775},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23705,"depth":105,"text":23777},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21222,"description":23779},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23786,"title":23787,"body":23788,"description":25878,"extension":1666,"meta":25879,"navigation":122,"path":22602,"seo":25880,"stem":25881,"__hash__":25882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23789,"toc":25844},[23790,23795,23801,23804,23815,23822,23824,23907,23911,23958,23963,23968,23973,23975,23991,23993,24092,24096,24153,24156,24158,24161,24254,24258,24321,24324,24340,24345,24347,24349,24364,24366,24377,24379,24422,24425,24469,24472,24474,24481,24484,24501,24503,24596,24600,24641,24653,24657,24660,24748,24752,24772,24775,24802,24809,24814,24818,24829,24831,24935,24939,24965,24968,25035,25040,25043,25066,25071,25075,25080,25086,25091,25093,25148,25152,25179,25186,25192,25195,25220,25226,25252,25255,25330,25337,25342,25344,25383,25400,25404,25407,25450,25453,25455,25474,25476,25481,25506,25509,25579,25582,25655,25659,25661,25722,25725,25741,25743,25748,25753,25760,25769,25775,25781,25788,25794,25798,25803,25805,25841],[10,23791,11031,23793,18],{"id":23792},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23794,16782],{},[20,23796,23797,23798,23800],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23799,16782],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23802,23803],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[162,23805,23806,23809,23812],{},[165,23807,23808],{},"view the available keys",[165,23810,23811],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[165,23813,23814],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23816,23817,23819,23820,32],{},[15,23818,16782],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23821,16731],{},[34,23823,37],{"id":36},[39,23825,23827],{"className":41,"code":23826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23828,23829,23865,23879,23883,23893],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23832,12577],{"class":54},[48,23834,59],{"class":58},[48,23836,10203],{"class":84},[48,23838,94],{"class":62},[48,23840,7377],{"class":66},[48,23842,94],{"class":62},[48,23844,503],{"class":84},[48,23846,63],{"class":62},[48,23848,12594],{"class":66},[48,23850,94],{"class":62},[48,23852,365],{"class":84},[48,23854,63],{"class":62},[48,23856,9011],{"class":66},[48,23858,94],{"class":62},[48,23860,503],{"class":84},[48,23862,7500],{"class":488},[48,23864,9021],{"class":84},[48,23866,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23868,16959],{"class":54},[48,23870,59],{"class":58},[48,23872,12620],{"class":54},[48,23874,32],{"class":84},[48,23876,16640],{"class":87},[48,23878,8353],{"class":84},[48,23880,23881],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,23882,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,23884,23885,23887,23889,23891],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,23886,109],{"class":108},[48,23888,91],{"class":84},[48,23890,16640],{"class":87},[48,23892,102],{"class":84},[48,23894,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,23896,109],{"class":108},[48,23898,91],{"class":84},[48,23900,7804],{"class":1047},[48,23902,91],{"class":84},[48,23904,16640],{"class":87},[48,23906,1034],{"class":84},[20,23908,23909],{},[565,23910,1037],{},[39,23912,23914],{"className":41,"code":23913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23915,23916,23938],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23917,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,23919,16731],{"class":87},[48,23921,2684],{"class":84},[48,23923,3001],{"class":62},[48,23925,7377],{"class":66},[48,23927,3001],{"class":62},[48,23929,365],{"class":84},[48,23931,2996],{"class":62},[48,23933,9011],{"class":66},[48,23935,3001],{"class":62},[48,23937,3593],{"class":84},[48,23939,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,23941,3605],{"class":84},[48,23943,3001],{"class":62},[48,23945,7377],{"class":66},[48,23947,3001],{"class":62},[48,23949,365],{"class":84},[48,23951,2996],{"class":62},[48,23953,9011],{"class":66},[48,23955,3001],{"class":62},[48,23957,3339],{"class":84},[20,23959,139,23960,23962],{},[15,23961,16782],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[34,23964,148,23966,152],{"id":23965},"what-keys-does",[15,23967,16782],{},[20,23969,23970,23972],{},[15,23971,16782],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23974,11170],{},[162,23976,23977,23980,23983,23988],{},[165,23978,23979],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[165,23981,23982],{},"It does not need any arguments",[165,23984,17139,23985,23987],{},[15,23986,16731],{}," view object, not a list",[165,23989,23990],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23992,182],{},[39,23994,23996],{"className":41,"code":23995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23997,23998,24034,24038,24052,24056,24078],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,23999,24000,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24001,12918],{"class":54},[48,24003,59],{"class":58},[48,24005,10203],{"class":84},[48,24007,94],{"class":62},[48,24009,7377],{"class":66},[48,24011,94],{"class":62},[48,24013,503],{"class":84},[48,24015,63],{"class":62},[48,24017,12935],{"class":66},[48,24019,94],{"class":62},[48,24021,365],{"class":84},[48,24023,63],{"class":62},[48,24025,9011],{"class":66},[48,24027,94],{"class":62},[48,24029,503],{"class":84},[48,24031,9018],{"class":488},[48,24033,9021],{"class":84},[48,24035,24036],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24037,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24039,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24041,109],{"class":108},[48,24043,91],{"class":84},[48,24045,17024],{"class":87},[48,24047,32],{"class":84},[48,24049,16640],{"class":87},[48,24051,6902],{"class":84},[48,24053,24054],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24055,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24057,24058,24060,24062,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,24059,17024],{"class":54},[48,24061,3605],{"class":84},[48,24063,94],{"class":62},[48,24065,10121],{"class":66},[48,24067,94],{"class":62},[48,24069,12987],{"class":84},[48,24071,12990],{"class":58},[48,24073,63],{"class":62},[48,24075,10128],{"class":66},[48,24077,70],{"class":62},[48,24079,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,24081,109],{"class":108},[48,24083,91],{"class":84},[48,24085,17024],{"class":87},[48,24087,32],{"class":84},[48,24089,16640],{"class":87},[48,24091,6902],{"class":84},[20,24093,24094],{},[565,24095,1037],{},[39,24097,24099],{"className":41,"code":24098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24100,24101,24123],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24102,24103,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24104,16731],{"class":87},[48,24106,2684],{"class":84},[48,24108,3001],{"class":62},[48,24110,7377],{"class":66},[48,24112,3001],{"class":62},[48,24114,365],{"class":84},[48,24116,2996],{"class":62},[48,24118,9011],{"class":66},[48,24120,3001],{"class":62},[48,24122,3593],{"class":84},[48,24124,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24126,16731],{"class":87},[48,24128,2684],{"class":84},[48,24130,3001],{"class":62},[48,24132,7377],{"class":66},[48,24134,3001],{"class":62},[48,24136,365],{"class":84},[48,24138,2996],{"class":62},[48,24140,9011],{"class":66},[48,24142,3001],{"class":62},[48,24144,365],{"class":84},[48,24146,2996],{"class":62},[48,24148,10121],{"class":66},[48,24150,3001],{"class":62},[48,24152,3593],{"class":84},[20,24154,24155],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[34,24157,5494],{"id":5493},[20,24159,24160],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[39,24162,24164],{"className":41,"code":24163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24165,24166,24218,24222,24236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24167,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24169,8877],{"class":54},[48,24171,59],{"class":58},[48,24173,10203],{"class":84},[48,24175,94],{"class":62},[48,24177,7377],{"class":66},[48,24179,94],{"class":62},[48,24181,503],{"class":84},[48,24183,63],{"class":62},[48,24185,12594],{"class":66},[48,24187,94],{"class":62},[48,24189,365],{"class":84},[48,24191,63],{"class":62},[48,24193,9011],{"class":66},[48,24195,94],{"class":62},[48,24197,503],{"class":84},[48,24199,7500],{"class":488},[48,24201,365],{"class":84},[48,24203,63],{"class":62},[48,24205,19609],{"class":66},[48,24207,94],{"class":62},[48,24209,503],{"class":84},[48,24211,63],{"class":62},[48,24213,21960],{"class":66},[48,24215,94],{"class":62},[48,24217,9021],{"class":84},[48,24219,24220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24221,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24223,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24225,109],{"class":108},[48,24227,91],{"class":84},[48,24229,8916],{"class":87},[48,24231,32],{"class":84},[48,24233,16640],{"class":87},[48,24235,6902],{"class":84},[48,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24239,109],{"class":108},[48,24241,91],{"class":84},[48,24243,7804],{"class":1047},[48,24245,91],{"class":84},[48,24247,8916],{"class":87},[48,24249,32],{"class":84},[48,24251,16640],{"class":87},[48,24253,5998],{"class":84},[20,24255,24256],{},[565,24257,1037],{},[39,24259,24261],{"className":41,"code":24260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24262,24263,24293],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24264,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24266,16731],{"class":87},[48,24268,2684],{"class":84},[48,24270,3001],{"class":62},[48,24272,7377],{"class":66},[48,24274,3001],{"class":62},[48,24276,365],{"class":84},[48,24278,2996],{"class":62},[48,24280,9011],{"class":66},[48,24282,3001],{"class":62},[48,24284,365],{"class":84},[48,24286,2996],{"class":62},[48,24288,19609],{"class":66},[48,24290,3001],{"class":62},[48,24292,3593],{"class":84},[48,24294,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24296,3605],{"class":84},[48,24298,3001],{"class":62},[48,24300,7377],{"class":66},[48,24302,3001],{"class":62},[48,24304,365],{"class":84},[48,24306,2996],{"class":62},[48,24308,9011],{"class":66},[48,24310,3001],{"class":62},[48,24312,365],{"class":84},[48,24314,2996],{"class":62},[48,24316,19609],{"class":66},[48,24318,3001],{"class":62},[48,24320,3339],{"class":84},[20,24322,24323],{},"This shows two things:",[162,24325,24326,24334],{},[165,24327,24328,21691,24331,24333],{},[15,24329,24330],{},"data.keys()",[15,24332,16731],{}," object",[165,24335,24336,24339],{},[15,24337,24338],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24341,8863,24342,32],{},[224,24343,24344],{"href":9103},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[34,24346,5137],{"id":5136},[20,24348,343],{},[39,24350,24352],{"className":41,"code":24351,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24353,24354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24357,11161],{"class":54},[48,24359,32],{"class":84},[48,24361,16640],{"class":87},[48,24363,8353],{"class":84},[20,24365,21516],{},[162,24367,24368,24371,24374],{},[165,24369,24370],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[165,24372,24373],{},"It takes no parameters",[165,24375,24376],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24378,16372],{},[39,24380,24382],{"className":41,"code":24381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24383,24384,24408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24385,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24387,12577],{"class":54},[48,24389,59],{"class":58},[48,24391,10203],{"class":84},[48,24393,94],{"class":62},[48,24395,7377],{"class":66},[48,24397,94],{"class":62},[48,24399,503],{"class":84},[48,24401,63],{"class":62},[48,24403,12594],{"class":66},[48,24405,94],{"class":62},[48,24407,9021],{"class":84},[48,24409,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24411,109],{"class":108},[48,24413,91],{"class":84},[48,24415,13340],{"class":87},[48,24417,32],{"class":84},[48,24419,16640],{"class":87},[48,24421,6902],{"class":84},[20,24423,24424],{},"Incorrect:",[39,24426,24428],{"className":41,"code":24427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24429,24430,24454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24431,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24433,12577],{"class":54},[48,24435,59],{"class":58},[48,24437,10203],{"class":84},[48,24439,94],{"class":62},[48,24441,7377],{"class":66},[48,24443,94],{"class":62},[48,24445,503],{"class":84},[48,24447,63],{"class":62},[48,24449,12594],{"class":66},[48,24451,94],{"class":62},[48,24453,9021],{"class":84},[48,24455,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24467],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24457,109],{"class":108},[48,24459,91],{"class":84},[48,24461,13340],{"class":87},[48,24463,32],{"class":84},[48,24465,16640],{"class":24466},"skxfh",[48,24468,102],{"class":84},[20,24470,24471],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[34,24473,17136],{"id":17135},[20,24475,24476,21691,24478,24480],{},[15,24477,16782],{},[15,24479,16731],{}," object.",[20,24482,24483],{},"This object:",[162,24485,24486,24489,24492,24498],{},[165,24487,24488],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[165,24490,24491],{},"can be used in a loop",[165,24493,24494,24495],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24496,24497],{},"list()",[165,24499,24500],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24502,182],{},[39,24504,24506],{"className":41,"code":24505,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24507,24508,24549,24553,24568,24572,24582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24509,24510,24513,24515,24517,24519,24522,24524,24526,24528,24531,24533,24535,24537,24540,24542,24544,24547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24511,24512],{"class":54},"car ",[48,24514,59],{"class":58},[48,24516,10203],{"class":84},[48,24518,94],{"class":62},[48,24520,24521],{"class":66},"brand",[48,24523,94],{"class":62},[48,24525,503],{"class":84},[48,24527,63],{"class":62},[48,24529,24530],{"class":66},"Toyota",[48,24532,94],{"class":62},[48,24534,365],{"class":84},[48,24536,63],{"class":62},[48,24538,24539],{"class":66},"year",[48,24541,94],{"class":62},[48,24543,503],{"class":84},[48,24545,24546],{"class":488}," 2020",[48,24548,9021],{"class":84},[48,24550,24551],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24552,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24554,24555,24557,24559,24562,24564,24566],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24556,1929],{"class":54},[48,24558,59],{"class":58},[48,24560,24561],{"class":54}," car",[48,24563,32],{"class":84},[48,24565,16640],{"class":87},[48,24567,8353],{"class":84},[48,24569,24570],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24571,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24573,24574,24576,24578,24580],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,24575,109],{"class":108},[48,24577,91],{"class":84},[48,24579,1964],{"class":87},[48,24581,102],{"class":84},[48,24583,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,24585,109],{"class":108},[48,24587,91],{"class":84},[48,24589,2921],{"class":1047},[48,24591,91],{"class":84},[48,24593,1964],{"class":87},[48,24595,1034],{"class":84},[20,24597,24598],{},[565,24599,1037],{},[39,24601,24603],{"className":41,"code":24602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24604,24605,24627],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24608,16731],{"class":87},[48,24610,2684],{"class":84},[48,24612,3001],{"class":62},[48,24614,24521],{"class":66},[48,24616,3001],{"class":62},[48,24618,365],{"class":84},[48,24620,2996],{"class":62},[48,24622,24539],{"class":66},[48,24624,3001],{"class":62},[48,24626,3593],{"class":84},[48,24628,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24630,2990],{"class":58},[48,24632,2993],{"class":1767},[48,24634,2996],{"class":62},[48,24636,16731],{"class":66},[48,24638,3001],{"class":62},[48,24640,3004],{"class":58},[20,24642,24643,24644,24648,24649,32],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[224,24645,10449,24646,754],{"href":16785},[15,24647,16788],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[224,24650,10449,24651,754],{"href":16792},[15,24652,16795],{},[34,24654,24656],{"id":24655},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24658,24659],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[39,24661,24663],{"className":41,"code":24662,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24664,24665,24718,24722,24738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24666,24667,24669,24671,24673,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24714,24716],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24668,12577],{"class":54},[48,24670,59],{"class":58},[48,24672,10203],{"class":84},[48,24674,94],{"class":62},[48,24676,7377],{"class":66},[48,24678,94],{"class":62},[48,24680,503],{"class":84},[48,24682,63],{"class":62},[48,24684,12594],{"class":66},[48,24686,94],{"class":62},[48,24688,365],{"class":84},[48,24690,63],{"class":62},[48,24692,9011],{"class":66},[48,24694,94],{"class":62},[48,24696,503],{"class":84},[48,24698,7500],{"class":488},[48,24700,365],{"class":84},[48,24702,63],{"class":62},[48,24704,15044],{"class":66},[48,24706,94],{"class":62},[48,24708,503],{"class":84},[48,24710,63],{"class":62},[48,24712,24713],{"class":66},"Math",[48,24715,94],{"class":62},[48,24717,9021],{"class":84},[48,24719,24720],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24721,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24723,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24725,5665],{"class":1107},[48,24727,17926],{"class":54},[48,24729,3587],{"class":1107},[48,24731,12620],{"class":54},[48,24733,32],{"class":84},[48,24735,16640],{"class":87},[48,24737,21311],{"class":84},[48,24739,24740,24742,24744,24746],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24741,1138],{"class":108},[48,24743,91],{"class":84},[48,24745,14556],{"class":87},[48,24747,102],{"class":84},[20,24749,24750],{},[565,24751,1037],{},[39,24753,24755],{"className":41,"code":24754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24756,24757,24762,24767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24758,24759],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24760,24761],{"class":54},"name\n",[48,24763,24764],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24765,24766],{"class":54},"age\n",[48,24768,24769],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24770,24771],{"class":54},"course\n",[20,24773,24774],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[39,24776,24778],{"className":41,"code":24777,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24779,24780,24792],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24781,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24783,5665],{"class":1107},[48,24785,17926],{"class":54},[48,24787,3587],{"class":1107},[48,24789,12620],{"class":54},[48,24791,1110],{"class":84},[48,24793,24794,24796,24798,24800],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24795,1138],{"class":108},[48,24797,91],{"class":84},[48,24799,14556],{"class":87},[48,24801,102],{"class":84},[20,24803,24804,24805,24808],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24806,24807],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[34,24810,4667,24812],{"id":24811},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24813,16782],{},[20,24815,139,24816,10313],{},[15,24817,16782],{},[162,24819,24820,24823,24826],{},[165,24821,24822],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[165,24824,24825],{},"you want to display available fields",[165,24827,24828],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24830,182],{},[39,24832,24834],{"className":41,"code":24833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24835,24836,24889,24893,24908,24925],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24837,24838,24841,24843,24845,24847,24849,24851,24853,24855,24858,24860,24862,24864,24867,24869,24871,24874,24876,24878,24881,24883,24885,24887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24839,24840],{"class":54},"product ",[48,24842,59],{"class":58},[48,24844,10203],{"class":84},[48,24846,94],{"class":62},[48,24848,7377],{"class":66},[48,24850,94],{"class":62},[48,24852,503],{"class":84},[48,24854,63],{"class":62},[48,24856,24857],{"class":66},"Book",[48,24859,94],{"class":62},[48,24861,365],{"class":84},[48,24863,63],{"class":62},[48,24865,24866],{"class":66},"price",[48,24868,94],{"class":62},[48,24870,503],{"class":84},[48,24872,24873],{"class":488}," 12.99",[48,24875,365],{"class":84},[48,24877,63],{"class":62},[48,24879,24880],{"class":66},"stock",[48,24882,94],{"class":62},[48,24884,503],{"class":84},[48,24886,549],{"class":488},[48,24888,9021],{"class":84},[48,24890,24891],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24892,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,24894,24895,24897,24899,24901,24904,24906],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24896,109],{"class":108},[48,24898,91],{"class":84},[48,24900,94],{"class":62},[48,24902,24903],{"class":66},"Available fields:",[48,24905,94],{"class":62},[48,24907,102],{"class":84},[48,24909,24910,24912,24914,24916,24919,24921,24923],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24911,5665],{"class":1107},[48,24913,17926],{"class":54},[48,24915,3587],{"class":1107},[48,24917,24918],{"class":54}," product",[48,24920,32],{"class":84},[48,24922,16640],{"class":87},[48,24924,21311],{"class":84},[48,24926,24927,24929,24931,24933],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,24928,1138],{"class":108},[48,24930,91],{"class":84},[48,24932,14556],{"class":87},[48,24934,102],{"class":84},[20,24936,24937],{},[565,24938,1037],{},[39,24940,24942],{"className":41,"code":24941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24943,24944,24951,24955,24960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24945,24946,24949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24947,24948],{"class":54},"Available fields",[48,24950,1110],{"class":84},[48,24952,24953],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,24954,24761],{"class":54},[48,24956,24957],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,24958,24959],{"class":54},"price\n",[48,24961,24962],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,24963,24964],{"class":54},"stock\n",[20,24966,24967],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[39,24969,24971],{"className":41,"code":24970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24972,24973,25009,25013],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,24974,24975,24977,24979,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,24976,24840],{"class":54},[48,24978,59],{"class":58},[48,24980,10203],{"class":84},[48,24982,94],{"class":62},[48,24984,7377],{"class":66},[48,24986,94],{"class":62},[48,24988,503],{"class":84},[48,24990,63],{"class":62},[48,24992,24857],{"class":66},[48,24994,94],{"class":62},[48,24996,365],{"class":84},[48,24998,63],{"class":62},[48,25000,24866],{"class":66},[48,25002,94],{"class":62},[48,25004,503],{"class":84},[48,25006,24873],{"class":488},[48,25008,9021],{"class":84},[48,25010,25011],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25012,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,25014,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25016,109],{"class":108},[48,25018,91],{"class":84},[48,25020,94],{"class":62},[48,25022,7377],{"class":66},[48,25024,94],{"class":62},[48,25026,20889],{"class":1107},[48,25028,24918],{"class":87},[48,25030,32],{"class":84},[48,25032,16640],{"class":87},[48,25034,6902],{"class":84},[20,25036,25037,25038,32],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25039,3306],{},[20,25041,25042],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[39,25044,25046],{"className":41,"code":25045,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25047,25048],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25049,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25051,109],{"class":108},[48,25053,91],{"class":84},[48,25055,94],{"class":62},[48,25057,7377],{"class":66},[48,25059,94],{"class":62},[48,25061,20889],{"class":1107},[48,25063,24918],{"class":87},[48,25065,102],{"class":84},[20,25067,25068,25069,32],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[224,25070,20922],{"href":16870},[34,25072,25074],{"id":25073},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25076,25077,25078,32],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25079,16782],{},[1200,25081,1379,25083,25085],{"id":25082},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25084,16782],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25087,25088,25090],{},[15,25089,16782],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25092,182],{},[39,25094,25096],{"className":41,"code":25095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25097,25098,25134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25099,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25101,8877],{"class":54},[48,25103,59],{"class":58},[48,25105,10203],{"class":84},[48,25107,94],{"class":62},[48,25109,7377],{"class":66},[48,25111,94],{"class":62},[48,25113,503],{"class":84},[48,25115,63],{"class":62},[48,25117,12594],{"class":66},[48,25119,94],{"class":62},[48,25121,365],{"class":84},[48,25123,63],{"class":62},[48,25125,9011],{"class":66},[48,25127,94],{"class":62},[48,25129,503],{"class":84},[48,25131,7500],{"class":488},[48,25133,9021],{"class":84},[48,25135,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25137,109],{"class":108},[48,25139,91],{"class":84},[48,25141,8916],{"class":87},[48,25143,32],{"class":84},[48,25145,16640],{"class":87},[48,25147,6902],{"class":84},[20,25149,25150],{},[565,25151,1037],{},[39,25153,25155],{"className":41,"code":25154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25156,25157],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25158,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25160,16731],{"class":87},[48,25162,2684],{"class":84},[48,25164,3001],{"class":62},[48,25166,7377],{"class":66},[48,25168,3001],{"class":62},[48,25170,365],{"class":84},[48,25172,2996],{"class":62},[48,25174,9011],{"class":66},[48,25176,3001],{"class":62},[48,25178,3593],{"class":84},[20,25180,25181,25182,32],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[224,25183,25184],{"href":16792},[15,25185,16795],{},[1200,25187,25189,25190],{"id":25188},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25191,16731],{},[20,25193,25194],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[39,25196,25198],{"className":41,"code":25197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25199,25200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25201,25202,25204,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25203,3605],{"class":84},[48,25205,3001],{"class":62},[48,25207,7377],{"class":66},[48,25209,3001],{"class":62},[48,25211,365],{"class":84},[48,25213,2996],{"class":62},[48,25215,9011],{"class":66},[48,25217,3001],{"class":62},[48,25219,3339],{"class":84},[20,25221,25222,25223,25225],{},"But ",[15,25224,16782],{}," returns:",[39,25227,25228],{"className":41,"code":25154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,25229,25230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25231,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25233,16731],{"class":87},[48,25235,2684],{"class":84},[48,25237,3001],{"class":62},[48,25239,7377],{"class":66},[48,25241,3001],{"class":62},[48,25243,365],{"class":84},[48,25245,2996],{"class":62},[48,25247,9011],{"class":66},[48,25249,3001],{"class":62},[48,25251,3593],{"class":84},[20,25253,25254],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[39,25256,25258],{"className":41,"code":25257,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25259,25260,25296,25315,25319],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25261,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25263,8877],{"class":54},[48,25265,59],{"class":58},[48,25267,10203],{"class":84},[48,25269,94],{"class":62},[48,25271,7377],{"class":66},[48,25273,94],{"class":62},[48,25275,503],{"class":84},[48,25277,63],{"class":62},[48,25279,12594],{"class":66},[48,25281,94],{"class":62},[48,25283,365],{"class":84},[48,25285,63],{"class":62},[48,25287,9011],{"class":66},[48,25289,94],{"class":62},[48,25291,503],{"class":84},[48,25293,7500],{"class":488},[48,25295,9021],{"class":84},[48,25297,25298,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25299,25300],{"class":54},"key_list ",[48,25302,59],{"class":58},[48,25304,22275],{"class":1047},[48,25306,91],{"class":84},[48,25308,8916],{"class":87},[48,25310,32],{"class":84},[48,25312,16640],{"class":87},[48,25314,6902],{"class":84},[48,25316,25317],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25318,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,25320,25321,25323,25325,25328],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,25322,109],{"class":108},[48,25324,91],{"class":84},[48,25326,25327],{"class":87},"key_list",[48,25329,102],{"class":84},[1200,25331,25333,25334,25336],{"id":25332},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25335,16782],{}," on a list or string",[20,25338,25339,25341],{},[15,25340,16782],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25343,2535],{},[39,25345,25347],{"className":41,"code":25346,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25348,25349,25369],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25350,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25352,3321],{"class":54},[48,25354,59],{"class":58},[48,25356,3326],{"class":84},[48,25358,272],{"class":488},[48,25360,365],{"class":84},[48,25362,489],{"class":488},[48,25364,365],{"class":84},[48,25366,2152],{"class":488},[48,25368,3339],{"class":84},[48,25370,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25372,109],{"class":108},[48,25374,91],{"class":84},[48,25376,3353],{"class":87},[48,25378,32],{"class":84},[48,25380,16640],{"class":87},[48,25382,6902],{"class":84},[20,25384,25385,25386,25389,25390,25392,25393,32],{},"You may get an ",[15,25387,25388],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25391,16782],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[224,25394,1179,25396,25399],{"href":25395},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25397,25398],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1200,25401,25403],{"id":25402},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25405,25406],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[39,25408,25410],{"className":41,"code":25409,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25411,25412,25436],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25413,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25415,8877],{"class":54},[48,25417,59],{"class":58},[48,25419,10203],{"class":84},[48,25421,94],{"class":62},[48,25423,7377],{"class":66},[48,25425,94],{"class":62},[48,25427,503],{"class":84},[48,25429,63],{"class":62},[48,25431,12594],{"class":66},[48,25433,94],{"class":62},[48,25435,9021],{"class":84},[48,25437,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25439,109],{"class":108},[48,25441,91],{"class":84},[48,25443,8916],{"class":87},[48,25445,32],{"class":84},[48,25447,16640],{"class":24466},[48,25449,102],{"class":84},[20,25451,25452],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25454,18412],{},[39,25456,25458],{"className":41,"code":25457,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25459,25460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25461,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25463,109],{"class":108},[48,25465,91],{"class":84},[48,25467,8916],{"class":87},[48,25469,32],{"class":84},[48,25471,16640],{"class":87},[48,25473,6902],{"class":84},[34,25475,1366],{"id":1365},[20,25477,25478,25479,503],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25480,16782],{},[162,25482,25483,25488,25494,25500],{},[165,25484,758,25485,25487],{},[15,25486,16782],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[165,25489,25490,25491,25493],{},"Thinking ",[15,25492,16782],{}," returns values too",[165,25495,25496,25497,25499],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25498,16731],{}," like a normal list",[165,25501,25502,25503,25505],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25504,16731],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25507,25508],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[39,25510,25512],{"className":41,"code":25511,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25513,25514,25546,25560,25564,25574],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25515,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25517,8877],{"class":54},[48,25519,59],{"class":58},[48,25521,10203],{"class":84},[48,25523,94],{"class":62},[48,25525,224],{"class":66},[48,25527,94],{"class":62},[48,25529,503],{"class":84},[48,25531,5204],{"class":488},[48,25533,365],{"class":84},[48,25535,63],{"class":62},[48,25537,4466],{"class":66},[48,25539,94],{"class":62},[48,25541,503],{"class":84},[48,25543,489],{"class":488},[48,25545,9021],{"class":84},[48,25547,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25549,16959],{"class":54},[48,25551,59],{"class":58},[48,25553,14281],{"class":54},[48,25555,32],{"class":84},[48,25557,16640],{"class":87},[48,25559,8353],{"class":84},[48,25561,25562],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25563,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,25565,25566,25568,25570,25572],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,25567,109],{"class":108},[48,25569,91],{"class":84},[48,25571,16640],{"class":87},[48,25573,102],{"class":84},[48,25575,25576],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,25577,25578],{"class":129},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25580,25581],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[39,25583,25585],{"className":41,"code":25584,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25586,25587,25619,25637,25641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609,25611,25613,25615,25617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25590,8877],{"class":54},[48,25592,59],{"class":58},[48,25594,10203],{"class":84},[48,25596,94],{"class":62},[48,25598,224],{"class":66},[48,25600,94],{"class":62},[48,25602,503],{"class":84},[48,25604,5204],{"class":488},[48,25606,365],{"class":84},[48,25608,63],{"class":62},[48,25610,4466],{"class":66},[48,25612,94],{"class":62},[48,25614,503],{"class":84},[48,25616,489],{"class":488},[48,25618,9021],{"class":84},[48,25620,25621,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631,25633,25635],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25622,16959],{"class":54},[48,25624,59],{"class":58},[48,25626,22275],{"class":1047},[48,25628,91],{"class":84},[48,25630,8916],{"class":87},[48,25632,32],{"class":84},[48,25634,16640],{"class":87},[48,25636,6902],{"class":84},[48,25638,25639],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25640,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,25642,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,25644,109],{"class":108},[48,25646,91],{"class":84},[48,25648,16640],{"class":87},[48,25650,3605],{"class":84},[48,25652,578],{"class":488},[48,25654,3593],{"class":84},[34,25656,25658],{"id":25657},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25660,10825],{},[39,25662,25664],{"className":41,"code":25663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25665,25666,25680,25690,25704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25667,25668,25670,25672,25674,25676,25678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25669,109],{"class":108},[48,25671,91],{"class":84},[48,25673,2921],{"class":1047},[48,25675,91],{"class":84},[48,25677,11161],{"class":87},[48,25679,1034],{"class":84},[48,25681,25682,25684,25686,25688],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25683,109],{"class":108},[48,25685,91],{"class":84},[48,25687,11161],{"class":87},[48,25689,102],{"class":84},[48,25691,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25693,109],{"class":108},[48,25695,91],{"class":84},[48,25697,11161],{"class":87},[48,25699,32],{"class":84},[48,25701,16640],{"class":87},[48,25703,6902],{"class":84},[48,25705,25706,25708,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,25707,109],{"class":108},[48,25709,91],{"class":84},[48,25711,7804],{"class":1047},[48,25713,91],{"class":84},[48,25715,11161],{"class":87},[48,25717,32],{"class":84},[48,25719,16640],{"class":87},[48,25721,5998],{"class":84},[20,25723,25724],{},"These help you confirm:",[162,25726,25727,25730,25733,25738],{},[165,25728,25729],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[165,25731,25732],{},"what data it contains",[165,25734,25735,25736,11418],{},"what ",[15,25737,16782],{},[165,25739,25740],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[34,25742,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,25744,23634,25746,4852],{"id":25745},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25747,16782],{},[20,25749,17139,25750,25752],{},[15,25751,16731],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1200,25754,14618,25756,25759],{"id":25755},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25757,25758],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25761,25762,25763,25765,25766,32],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25764,16731],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25767,25768],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1200,25770,25772,25773,1564],{"id":25771},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25774,25758],{},[20,25776,25777,25778,25780],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25779,5665],{}," loop.",[1200,25782,25784,25785,25787],{"id":25783},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25786,16782],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25789,25790,25791,25793],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25792,16782],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1200,25795,25797],{"id":25796},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25799,139,25800,32],{},[15,25801,25802],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[34,25804,1599],{"id":1598},[162,25806,25807,25812,25818,25824,25830,25834],{},[165,25808,25809],{},[224,25810,25811],{"href":9103},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[165,25813,25814],{},[224,25815,10449,25816,754],{"href":16785},[15,25817,16788],{},[165,25819,25820],{},[224,25821,10449,25822,754],{"href":16792},[15,25823,16795],{},[165,25825,25826],{},[224,25827,25829],{"href":25828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[165,25831,25832],{},[224,25833,16871],{"href":16870},[165,25835,25836],{},[224,25837,25838,25839,25399],{"href":25395},"How to fix ",[15,25840,25398],{},[1633,25842,25843],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":25845},[25846,25847,25849,25850,25851,25852,25853,25855,25864,25865,25866,25877],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":23965,"depth":73,"text":25848},"What keys() does",{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":24655,"depth":73,"text":24656},{"id":24811,"depth":73,"text":25854},"When to use keys()",{"id":25073,"depth":73,"text":25074,"children":25856},[25857,25859,25861,25863],{"id":25082,"depth":105,"text":25858},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25188,"depth":105,"text":25860},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25332,"depth":105,"text":25862},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25402,"depth":105,"text":25403},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":25657,"depth":73,"text":25658},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":25867},[25868,25870,25872,25874,25876],{"id":25745,"depth":105,"text":25869},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25755,"depth":105,"text":25871},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25771,"depth":105,"text":25873},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25783,"depth":105,"text":25875},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25796,"depth":105,"text":25797},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23787,"description":25878},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25884,"title":25885,"body":25886,"description":28158,"extension":1666,"meta":28159,"navigation":122,"path":28160,"seo":28161,"stem":28162,"__hash__":28163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25887,"toc":28111},[25888,25893,25898,25901,25903,26049,26062,26067,26071,26085,26087,26190,26199,26201,26204,26242,26267,26269,26376,26378,26385,26388,26396,26398,26539,26547,26552,26556,26567,26569,26731,26734,26742,26749,26755,26852,26858,26935,26938,26950,26955,26961,26964,26968,27057,27060,27064,27168,27175,27262,27271,27273,27278,27284,27287,27333,27336,27402,27411,27417,27509,27515,27521,27564,27567,27632,27638,27730,27733,27737,27743,27768,27771,27867,27874,27876,27881,27972,27974,28002,28007,28009,28016,28019,28023,28033,28038,28041,28048,28058,28065,28073,28075,28108],[10,25889,11031,25891,18],{"id":25890},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25892,12476],{},[20,25894,25895,25897],{},[15,25896,12283],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25899,25900],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[34,25902,3311],{"id":3310},[39,25904,25906],{"className":41,"code":25905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25907,25908,25944,25968,25982,25995,25999,26004,26036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,25909,25910,25912,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,25911,12918],{"class":54},[48,25913,59],{"class":58},[48,25915,10203],{"class":84},[48,25917,94],{"class":62},[48,25919,7377],{"class":66},[48,25921,94],{"class":62},[48,25923,503],{"class":84},[48,25925,63],{"class":62},[48,25927,12594],{"class":66},[48,25929,94],{"class":62},[48,25931,365],{"class":84},[48,25933,63],{"class":62},[48,25935,9011],{"class":66},[48,25937,94],{"class":62},[48,25939,503],{"class":84},[48,25941,9018],{"class":488},[48,25943,9021],{"class":84},[48,25945,25946,25949,25951,25953,25955,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,25947,25948],{"class":54},"removed_age ",[48,25950,59],{"class":58},[48,25952,12961],{"class":54},[48,25954,32],{"class":84},[48,25956,25957],{"class":87},"pop",[48,25959,91],{"class":84},[48,25961,94],{"class":62},[48,25963,9011],{"class":66},[48,25965,94],{"class":62},[48,25967,102],{"class":84},[48,25969,25970,25972,25974,25977,25979],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,25971,109],{"class":108},[48,25973,91],{"class":84},[48,25975,25976],{"class":87},"removed_age",[48,25978,3366],{"class":84},[48,25980,25981],{"class":129},"   # 25\n",[48,25983,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,25985,109],{"class":108},[48,25987,91],{"class":84},[48,25989,17024],{"class":87},[48,25991,3366],{"class":84},[48,25993,25994],{"class":129},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[48,25996,25997],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,25998,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26000,26001],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,26002,26003],{"class":129},"# Safe version with default value\n",[48,26005,26006,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26032,26034],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,26007,26008],{"class":54},"country ",[48,26010,59],{"class":58},[48,26012,12961],{"class":54},[48,26014,32],{"class":84},[48,26016,25957],{"class":87},[48,26018,91],{"class":84},[48,26020,94],{"class":62},[48,26022,14977],{"class":66},[48,26024,94],{"class":62},[48,26026,365],{"class":84},[48,26028,63],{"class":62},[48,26030,26031],{"class":66},"Not found",[48,26033,94],{"class":62},[48,26035,102],{"class":84},[48,26037,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,26039,109],{"class":108},[48,26041,91],{"class":84},[48,26043,14977],{"class":87},[48,26045,3366],{"class":84},[48,26047,26048],{"class":129},"       # Not found\n",[20,26050,139,26051,26054,26055,26058,26059,26061],{},[15,26052,26053],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26056,26057],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26060,19405],{}," when the key might not exist.",[34,26063,148,26065,152],{"id":26064},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26066,12283],{},[20,26068,26069,503],{},[15,26070,12283],{},[162,26072,26073,26076,26079,26082],{},[165,26074,26075],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[165,26077,26078],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[165,26080,26081],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[165,26083,26084],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26086,182],{},[39,26088,26090],{"className":41,"code":26089,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26091,26092,26132,26136,26159,26163,26177],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26093,26094,26096,26098,26100,26102,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26095,11200],{"class":54},[48,26097,59],{"class":58},[48,26099,10203],{"class":84},[48,26101,94],{"class":62},[48,26103,7377],{"class":66},[48,26105,94],{"class":62},[48,26107,503],{"class":84},[48,26109,63],{"class":62},[48,26111,12935],{"class":66},[48,26113,94],{"class":62},[48,26115,365],{"class":84},[48,26117,63],{"class":62},[48,26119,10121],{"class":66},[48,26121,94],{"class":62},[48,26123,503],{"class":84},[48,26125,63],{"class":62},[48,26127,10128],{"class":66},[48,26129,94],{"class":62},[48,26131,9021],{"class":84},[48,26133,26134],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26135,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26137,26138,26141,26143,26145,26147,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26139,26140],{"class":54},"removed_city ",[48,26142,59],{"class":58},[48,26144,11283],{"class":54},[48,26146,32],{"class":84},[48,26148,25957],{"class":87},[48,26150,91],{"class":84},[48,26152,94],{"class":62},[48,26154,10121],{"class":66},[48,26156,94],{"class":62},[48,26158,102],{"class":84},[48,26160,26161],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26162,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26164,26165,26167,26169,26172,26174],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26166,109],{"class":108},[48,26168,91],{"class":84},[48,26170,26171],{"class":87},"removed_city",[48,26173,3366],{"class":84},[48,26175,26176],{"class":129},"  # Paris\n",[48,26178,26179,26181,26183,26185,26187],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,26180,109],{"class":108},[48,26182,91],{"class":84},[48,26184,11294],{"class":87},[48,26186,3366],{"class":84},[48,26188,26189],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26191,20487,26192,26195,26196,32],{},[15,26193,26194],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26197,26198],{},"\"Paris\"",[34,26200,340],{"id":339},[20,26202,26203],{},"There are two common forms:",[39,26205,26207],{"className":41,"code":26206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26208,26209,26223],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26210,26211,26213,26215,26217,26219,26221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26212,11161],{"class":54},[48,26214,32],{"class":84},[48,26216,25957],{"class":87},[48,26218,91],{"class":84},[48,26220,14556],{"class":87},[48,26222,102],{"class":84},[48,26224,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26240],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26226,11161],{"class":54},[48,26228,32],{"class":84},[48,26230,25957],{"class":87},[48,26232,91],{"class":84},[48,26234,14556],{"class":87},[48,26236,365],{"class":84},[48,26238,26239],{"class":87}," default",[48,26241,102],{"class":84},[162,26243,26244,26250,26258,26264],{},[165,26245,26246,26249],{},[15,26247,26248],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[165,26251,26252,26254,26255,26257],{},[15,26253,26248],{}," raises ",[15,26256,19405],{}," if the key is missing",[165,26259,26260,26263],{},[15,26261,26262],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[165,26265,26266],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26268,182],{},[39,26270,26272],{"className":41,"code":26271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26273,26274,26306,26310,26335,26363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26275,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26277,4770],{"class":54},[48,26279,59],{"class":58},[48,26281,10203],{"class":84},[48,26283,94],{"class":62},[48,26285,18134],{"class":66},[48,26287,94],{"class":62},[48,26289,503],{"class":84},[48,26291,19616],{"class":488},[48,26293,365],{"class":84},[48,26295,63],{"class":62},[48,26297,18143],{"class":66},[48,26299,94],{"class":62},[48,26301,503],{"class":84},[48,26303,13221],{"class":488},[48,26305,9021],{"class":84},[48,26307,26308],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26309,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26311,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26313,109],{"class":108},[48,26315,91],{"class":84},[48,26317,16105],{"class":87},[48,26319,32],{"class":84},[48,26321,25957],{"class":87},[48,26323,91],{"class":84},[48,26325,94],{"class":62},[48,26327,18134],{"class":66},[48,26329,94],{"class":62},[48,26331,229],{"class":84},[48,26333,26334],{"class":129},"         # 90\n",[48,26336,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26338,109],{"class":108},[48,26340,91],{"class":84},[48,26342,16105],{"class":87},[48,26344,32],{"class":84},[48,26346,25957],{"class":87},[48,26348,91],{"class":84},[48,26350,94],{"class":62},[48,26352,18152],{"class":66},[48,26354,94],{"class":62},[48,26356,365],{"class":84},[48,26358,961],{"class":488},[48,26360,229],{"class":84},[48,26362,331],{"class":129},[48,26364,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26366,109],{"class":108},[48,26368,91],{"class":84},[48,26370,16105],{"class":87},[48,26372,3366],{"class":84},[48,26374,26375],{"class":129},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[34,26377,17136],{"id":17135},[20,26379,26380,13768,26382,26384],{},[15,26381,12476],{},[565,26383,1055],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26386,26387],{},"Instead, it returns:",[162,26389,26390,26393],{},[165,26391,26392],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[165,26394,26395],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26397,182],{},[39,26399,26401],{"className":41,"code":26400,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26402,26403,26435,26439,26462,26494,26498,26512,26526],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26404,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26406,8877],{"class":54},[48,26408,59],{"class":58},[48,26410,10203],{"class":84},[48,26412,94],{"class":62},[48,26414,224],{"class":66},[48,26416,94],{"class":62},[48,26418,503],{"class":84},[48,26420,5712],{"class":488},[48,26422,365],{"class":84},[48,26424,63],{"class":62},[48,26426,4466],{"class":66},[48,26428,94],{"class":62},[48,26430,503],{"class":84},[48,26432,7500],{"class":488},[48,26434,9021],{"class":84},[48,26436,26437],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26438,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26440,26441,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26442,26443],{"class":54},"result1 ",[48,26445,59],{"class":58},[48,26447,14281],{"class":54},[48,26449,32],{"class":84},[48,26451,25957],{"class":87},[48,26453,91],{"class":84},[48,26455,94],{"class":62},[48,26457,224],{"class":66},[48,26459,94],{"class":62},[48,26461,102],{"class":84},[48,26463,26464,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26490,26492],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26465,26466],{"class":54},"result2 ",[48,26468,59],{"class":58},[48,26470,14281],{"class":54},[48,26472,32],{"class":84},[48,26474,25957],{"class":87},[48,26476,91],{"class":84},[48,26478,94],{"class":62},[48,26480,632],{"class":66},[48,26482,94],{"class":62},[48,26484,365],{"class":84},[48,26486,63],{"class":62},[48,26488,26489],{"class":66},"missing",[48,26491,94],{"class":62},[48,26493,102],{"class":84},[48,26495,26496],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26497,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26499,26500,26502,26504,26507,26509],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,26501,109],{"class":108},[48,26503,91],{"class":84},[48,26505,26506],{"class":87},"result1",[48,26508,3366],{"class":84},[48,26510,26511],{"class":129},"  # 10\n",[48,26513,26514,26516,26518,26521,26523],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,26515,109],{"class":108},[48,26517,91],{"class":84},[48,26519,26520],{"class":87},"result2",[48,26522,3366],{"class":84},[48,26524,26525],{"class":129},"  # missing\n",[48,26527,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,26529,109],{"class":108},[48,26531,91],{"class":84},[48,26533,8916],{"class":87},[48,26535,3366],{"class":84},[48,26537,26538],{"class":129},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26540,26541,26542,1575],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[224,26543,26544],{"href":10448},[15,26545,26546],{},"dict.get()",[34,26548,4667,26550],{"id":26549},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26551,12476],{},[20,26553,139,26554,10313],{},[15,26555,12476],{},[162,26557,26558,26561,26564],{},[165,26559,26560],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[165,26562,26563],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[165,26565,26566],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26568,182],{},[39,26570,26572],{"className":41,"code":26571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26573,26574,26626,26630,26657,26661,26685,26689,26703,26717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26575,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590,26592,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26610,26612,26614,26617,26619,26621,26624],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26577,24840],{"class":54},[48,26579,59],{"class":58},[48,26581,10203],{"class":84},[48,26583,94],{"class":62},[48,26585,7377],{"class":66},[48,26587,94],{"class":62},[48,26589,503],{"class":84},[48,26591,63],{"class":62},[48,26593,26594],{"class":66},"Laptop",[48,26596,94],{"class":62},[48,26598,365],{"class":84},[48,26600,63],{"class":62},[48,26602,24866],{"class":66},[48,26604,94],{"class":62},[48,26606,503],{"class":84},[48,26608,26609],{"class":488}," 1200",[48,26611,365],{"class":84},[48,26613,63],{"class":62},[48,26615,26616],{"class":66},"discount",[48,26618,94],{"class":62},[48,26620,503],{"class":84},[48,26622,26623],{"class":488}," 200",[48,26625,9021],{"class":84},[48,26627,26628],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26629,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26631,26632,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26633,26634],{"class":54},"discount_amount ",[48,26636,59],{"class":58},[48,26638,24918],{"class":54},[48,26640,32],{"class":84},[48,26642,25957],{"class":87},[48,26644,91],{"class":84},[48,26646,94],{"class":62},[48,26648,26616],{"class":66},[48,26650,94],{"class":62},[48,26652,365],{"class":84},[48,26654,961],{"class":488},[48,26656,102],{"class":84},[48,26658,26659],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26660,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26662,26663,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26664,26665],{"class":54},"final_price ",[48,26667,59],{"class":58},[48,26669,24918],{"class":54},[48,26671,3605],{"class":84},[48,26673,94],{"class":62},[48,26675,24866],{"class":66},[48,26677,94],{"class":62},[48,26679,12987],{"class":84},[48,26681,1921],{"class":58},[48,26683,26684],{"class":54}," discount_amount\n",[48,26686,26687],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,26688,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26690,26691,26693,26695,26698,26700],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,26692,109],{"class":108},[48,26694,91],{"class":84},[48,26696,26697],{"class":87},"discount_amount",[48,26699,3366],{"class":84},[48,26701,26702],{"class":129},"  # 200\n",[48,26704,26705,26707,26709,26712,26714],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,26706,109],{"class":108},[48,26708,91],{"class":84},[48,26710,26711],{"class":87},"final_price",[48,26713,3366],{"class":84},[48,26715,26716],{"class":129},"      # 1000\n",[48,26718,26719,26721,26723,26726,26728],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,26720,109],{"class":108},[48,26722,91],{"class":84},[48,26724,26725],{"class":87},"product",[48,26727,3366],{"class":84},[48,26729,26730],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26732,26733],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[34,26735,26737,1188,26739],{"id":26736},"pop-vs-del",[15,26738,12476],{},[15,26740,26741],{},"del",[20,26743,10302,26744,500,26746,26748],{},[15,26745,12476],{},[15,26747,26741],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1200,26750,139,26752,26754],{"id":26751},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26753,12476],{}," when you need the removed value",[39,26756,26758],{"className":41,"code":26757,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26759,26760,26796,26800,26822,26826,26839],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26761,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26763,12918],{"class":54},[48,26765,59],{"class":58},[48,26767,10203],{"class":84},[48,26769,94],{"class":62},[48,26771,7377],{"class":66},[48,26773,94],{"class":62},[48,26775,503],{"class":84},[48,26777,63],{"class":62},[48,26779,12594],{"class":66},[48,26781,94],{"class":62},[48,26783,365],{"class":84},[48,26785,63],{"class":62},[48,26787,9011],{"class":66},[48,26789,94],{"class":62},[48,26791,503],{"class":84},[48,26793,9018],{"class":488},[48,26795,9021],{"class":84},[48,26797,26798],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26799,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26801,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26803,21344],{"class":54},[48,26805,59],{"class":58},[48,26807,12961],{"class":54},[48,26809,32],{"class":84},[48,26811,25957],{"class":87},[48,26813,91],{"class":84},[48,26815,94],{"class":62},[48,26817,9011],{"class":66},[48,26819,94],{"class":62},[48,26821,102],{"class":84},[48,26823,26824],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26825,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26827,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26829,109],{"class":108},[48,26831,91],{"class":84},[48,26833,9011],{"class":87},[48,26835,3366],{"class":84},[48,26837,26838],{"class":129},"     # 25\n",[48,26840,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,26842,109],{"class":108},[48,26844,91],{"class":84},[48,26846,17024],{"class":87},[48,26848,3366],{"class":84},[48,26850,26851],{"class":129},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1200,26853,139,26855,26857],{"id":26854},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26856,26741],{}," when you only want deletion",[39,26859,26861],{"className":41,"code":26860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26862,26863,26899,26903,26919,26923],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26864,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26889,26891,26893,26895,26897],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26866,12918],{"class":54},[48,26868,59],{"class":58},[48,26870,10203],{"class":84},[48,26872,94],{"class":62},[48,26874,7377],{"class":66},[48,26876,94],{"class":62},[48,26878,503],{"class":84},[48,26880,63],{"class":62},[48,26882,12594],{"class":66},[48,26884,94],{"class":62},[48,26886,365],{"class":84},[48,26888,63],{"class":62},[48,26890,9011],{"class":66},[48,26892,94],{"class":62},[48,26894,503],{"class":84},[48,26896,9018],{"class":488},[48,26898,9021],{"class":84},[48,26900,26901],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,26902,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26904,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,26906,26741],{"class":1107},[48,26908,12961],{"class":54},[48,26910,3605],{"class":84},[48,26912,94],{"class":62},[48,26914,9011],{"class":66},[48,26916,94],{"class":62},[48,26918,3339],{"class":84},[48,26920,26921],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,26922,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,26924,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,26926,109],{"class":108},[48,26928,91],{"class":84},[48,26930,17024],{"class":87},[48,26932,3366],{"class":84},[48,26934,26851],{"class":129},[20,26936,26937],{},"Difference:",[162,26939,26940,26945],{},[165,26941,26942,26944],{},[15,26943,12476],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[165,26946,26947,26949],{},[15,26948,26741],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26951,26952,26953,32],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[224,26954,12288],{"href":12287},[34,26956,26958,26959],{"id":26957},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26960,19405],{},[20,26962,26963],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1200,26965,26967],{"id":26966},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[39,26969,26971],{"className":41,"code":26970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26972,26973,26998,27002,27028,27032,27044],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,26974,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26994,26996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,26976,11437],{"class":54},[48,26978,59],{"class":58},[48,26980,10203],{"class":84},[48,26982,94],{"class":62},[48,26984,7377],{"class":66},[48,26986,94],{"class":62},[48,26988,503],{"class":84},[48,26990,63],{"class":62},[48,26992,26993],{"class":66},"Sara",[48,26995,94],{"class":62},[48,26997,9021],{"class":84},[48,26999,27000],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27001,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27003,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27005,2147],{"class":54},[48,27007,59],{"class":58},[48,27009,11479],{"class":54},[48,27011,32],{"class":84},[48,27013,25957],{"class":87},[48,27015,91],{"class":84},[48,27017,94],{"class":62},[48,27019,9011],{"class":66},[48,27021,94],{"class":62},[48,27023,365],{"class":84},[48,27025,3557],{"class":3556},[48,27027,102],{"class":84},[48,27029,27030],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27031,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27033,27034,27036,27038,27040,27042],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27035,109],{"class":108},[48,27037,91],{"class":84},[48,27039,362],{"class":87},[48,27041,3366],{"class":84},[48,27043,20278],{"class":129},[48,27045,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,27047,109],{"class":108},[48,27049,91],{"class":84},[48,27051,11161],{"class":87},[48,27053,3366],{"class":84},[48,27055,27056],{"class":129}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27058,27059],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1200,27061,27063],{"id":27062},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[39,27065,27067],{"className":41,"code":27066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27068,27069,27093,27097,27113,27136,27146,27153],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27070,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27072,11437],{"class":54},[48,27074,59],{"class":58},[48,27076,10203],{"class":84},[48,27078,94],{"class":62},[48,27080,7377],{"class":66},[48,27082,94],{"class":62},[48,27084,503],{"class":84},[48,27086,63],{"class":62},[48,27088,26993],{"class":66},[48,27090,94],{"class":62},[48,27092,9021],{"class":84},[48,27094,27095],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27096,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27098,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27100,6705],{"class":1107},[48,27102,63],{"class":62},[48,27104,9011],{"class":66},[48,27106,94],{"class":62},[48,27108,20889],{"class":58},[48,27110,11479],{"class":54},[48,27112,1110],{"class":84},[48,27114,27115,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27116,27117],{"class":54},"    value ",[48,27119,59],{"class":58},[48,27121,11479],{"class":54},[48,27123,32],{"class":84},[48,27125,25957],{"class":87},[48,27127,91],{"class":84},[48,27129,94],{"class":62},[48,27131,9011],{"class":66},[48,27133,94],{"class":62},[48,27135,102],{"class":84},[48,27137,27138,27140,27142,27144],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27139,1138],{"class":108},[48,27141,91],{"class":84},[48,27143,362],{"class":87},[48,27145,102],{"class":84},[48,27147,27148,27151],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,27149,27150],{"class":1107},"else",[48,27152,1110],{"class":84},[48,27154,27155,27157,27159,27161,27164,27166],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,27156,1138],{"class":108},[48,27158,91],{"class":84},[48,27160,94],{"class":62},[48,27162,27163],{"class":66},"Key not found",[48,27165,94],{"class":62},[48,27167,102],{"class":84},[1200,27169,27171,27172,27174],{"id":27170},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27173,10452],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[39,27176,27178],{"className":41,"code":27177,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27179,27180,27204,27208,27234,27238,27250],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27181,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27183,11437],{"class":54},[48,27185,59],{"class":58},[48,27187,10203],{"class":84},[48,27189,94],{"class":62},[48,27191,7377],{"class":66},[48,27193,94],{"class":62},[48,27195,503],{"class":84},[48,27197,63],{"class":62},[48,27199,26993],{"class":66},[48,27201,94],{"class":62},[48,27203,9021],{"class":84},[48,27205,27206],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27207,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27209,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27211,2147],{"class":54},[48,27213,59],{"class":58},[48,27215,11479],{"class":54},[48,27217,32],{"class":84},[48,27219,19468],{"class":87},[48,27221,91],{"class":84},[48,27223,94],{"class":62},[48,27225,9011],{"class":66},[48,27227,94],{"class":62},[48,27229,365],{"class":84},[48,27231,3557],{"class":3556},[48,27233,102],{"class":84},[48,27235,27236],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27237,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27239,27240,27242,27244,27246,27248],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27241,109],{"class":108},[48,27243,91],{"class":84},[48,27245,362],{"class":87},[48,27247,3366],{"class":84},[48,27249,20278],{"class":129},[48,27251,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,27253,109],{"class":108},[48,27255,91],{"class":84},[48,27257,11161],{"class":87},[48,27259,3366],{"class":84},[48,27261,27056],{"class":129},[20,27263,139,27264,27268,27269,32],{},[224,27265,27266],{"href":10448},[15,27267,26546],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[224,27270,10975],{"href":10786},[34,27272,4225],{"id":4224},[20,27274,27275,27276,32],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27277,12283],{},[1200,27279,25490,27281,27283],{"id":27280},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27282,12476],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27285,27286],{},"Lists use indexes:",[39,27288,27290],{"className":41,"code":27289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27291,27292,27312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27293,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27295,3321],{"class":54},[48,27297,59],{"class":58},[48,27299,3326],{"class":84},[48,27301,2031],{"class":488},[48,27303,365],{"class":84},[48,27305,7500],{"class":488},[48,27307,365],{"class":84},[48,27309,7505],{"class":488},[48,27311,3339],{"class":84},[48,27313,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27315,109],{"class":108},[48,27317,91],{"class":84},[48,27319,3353],{"class":87},[48,27321,32],{"class":84},[48,27323,25957],{"class":87},[48,27325,91],{"class":84},[48,27327,272],{"class":488},[48,27329,229],{"class":84},[48,27331,27332],{"class":129},"  # 20\n",[20,27334,27335],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[39,27337,27339],{"className":41,"code":27338,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27340,27341,27377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27342,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27344,12918],{"class":54},[48,27346,59],{"class":58},[48,27348,10203],{"class":84},[48,27350,94],{"class":62},[48,27352,7377],{"class":66},[48,27354,94],{"class":62},[48,27356,503],{"class":84},[48,27358,63],{"class":62},[48,27360,12594],{"class":66},[48,27362,94],{"class":62},[48,27364,365],{"class":84},[48,27366,63],{"class":62},[48,27368,9011],{"class":66},[48,27370,94],{"class":62},[48,27372,503],{"class":84},[48,27374,9018],{"class":488},[48,27376,9021],{"class":84},[48,27378,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27380,109],{"class":108},[48,27382,91],{"class":84},[48,27384,17024],{"class":87},[48,27386,32],{"class":84},[48,27388,25957],{"class":87},[48,27390,91],{"class":84},[48,27392,94],{"class":62},[48,27394,9011],{"class":66},[48,27396,94],{"class":62},[48,27398,229],{"class":84},[48,27400,27401],{"class":129},"  # 25\n",[20,27403,27404,27405,27407,27408,27410],{},"A dictionary does ",[565,27406,1055],{}," use positions with ",[15,27409,12476],{},". It uses keys.",[1200,27412,4409,27414,27416],{"id":27413},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27415,12476],{}," changes the original dictionary",[39,27418,27420],{"className":41,"code":27419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27421,27422,27454,27458,27480,27484,27496],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27425,8877],{"class":54},[48,27427,59],{"class":58},[48,27429,10203],{"class":84},[48,27431,94],{"class":62},[48,27433,1873],{"class":66},[48,27435,94],{"class":62},[48,27437,503],{"class":84},[48,27439,5204],{"class":488},[48,27441,365],{"class":84},[48,27443,63],{"class":62},[48,27445,11458],{"class":66},[48,27447,94],{"class":62},[48,27449,503],{"class":84},[48,27451,489],{"class":488},[48,27453,9021],{"class":84},[48,27455,27456],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27457,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27459,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27461,2147],{"class":54},[48,27463,59],{"class":58},[48,27465,14281],{"class":54},[48,27467,32],{"class":84},[48,27469,25957],{"class":87},[48,27471,91],{"class":84},[48,27473,94],{"class":62},[48,27475,1873],{"class":66},[48,27477,94],{"class":62},[48,27479,102],{"class":84},[48,27481,27482],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27483,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27485,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27487,109],{"class":108},[48,27489,91],{"class":84},[48,27491,362],{"class":87},[48,27493,3366],{"class":84},[48,27495,664],{"class":129},[48,27497,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,27499,109],{"class":108},[48,27501,91],{"class":84},[48,27503,8916],{"class":87},[48,27505,3366],{"class":84},[48,27507,27508],{"class":129},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27510,27511,27512,27514],{},"After ",[15,27513,12476],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1200,27516,758,27518,27520],{"id":27517},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27519,12476],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[39,27522,27524],{"className":41,"code":27523,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27525,27526,27550,27554,27559],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27529,8877],{"class":54},[48,27531,59],{"class":58},[48,27533,10203],{"class":84},[48,27535,94],{"class":62},[48,27537,7377],{"class":66},[48,27539,94],{"class":62},[48,27541,503],{"class":84},[48,27543,63],{"class":62},[48,27545,7632],{"class":66},[48,27547,94],{"class":62},[48,27549,9021],{"class":84},[48,27551,27552],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27553,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27555,27556],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27557,27558],{"class":129},"# This causes an error\n",[48,27560,27561],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27562,27563],{"class":129},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27565,27566],{},"Safer version:",[39,27568,27570],{"className":41,"code":27569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27571,27572,27596,27600],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27573,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27575,8877],{"class":54},[48,27577,59],{"class":58},[48,27579,10203],{"class":84},[48,27581,94],{"class":62},[48,27583,7377],{"class":66},[48,27585,94],{"class":62},[48,27587,503],{"class":84},[48,27589,63],{"class":62},[48,27591,7632],{"class":66},[48,27593,94],{"class":62},[48,27595,9021],{"class":84},[48,27597,27598],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27599,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27601,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27603,109],{"class":108},[48,27605,91],{"class":84},[48,27607,8916],{"class":87},[48,27609,32],{"class":84},[48,27611,25957],{"class":87},[48,27613,91],{"class":84},[48,27615,94],{"class":62},[48,27617,9011],{"class":66},[48,27619,94],{"class":62},[48,27621,365],{"class":84},[48,27623,63],{"class":62},[48,27625,26489],{"class":66},[48,27627,94],{"class":62},[48,27629,229],{"class":84},[48,27631,26525],{"class":129},[1200,27633,1379,27635,27637],{"id":27634},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27636,12476],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[39,27639,27641],{"className":41,"code":27640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27642,27643,27675,27679,27701,27705,27717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27644,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27646,8877],{"class":54},[48,27648,59],{"class":58},[48,27650,10203],{"class":84},[48,27652,94],{"class":62},[48,27654,224],{"class":66},[48,27656,94],{"class":62},[48,27658,503],{"class":84},[48,27660,5204],{"class":488},[48,27662,365],{"class":84},[48,27664,63],{"class":62},[48,27666,4466],{"class":66},[48,27668,94],{"class":62},[48,27670,503],{"class":84},[48,27672,489],{"class":488},[48,27674,9021],{"class":84},[48,27676,27677],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27678,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27680,27681,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27682,1929],{"class":54},[48,27684,59],{"class":58},[48,27686,14281],{"class":54},[48,27688,32],{"class":84},[48,27690,25957],{"class":87},[48,27692,91],{"class":84},[48,27694,94],{"class":62},[48,27696,224],{"class":66},[48,27698,94],{"class":62},[48,27700,102],{"class":84},[48,27702,27703],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27704,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27706,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27708,109],{"class":108},[48,27710,91],{"class":84},[48,27712,1964],{"class":87},[48,27714,3366],{"class":84},[48,27716,664],{"class":129},[48,27718,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,27720,109],{"class":108},[48,27722,91],{"class":84},[48,27724,8916],{"class":87},[48,27726,3366],{"class":84},[48,27728,27729],{"class":129},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27731,27732],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[34,27734,27736],{"id":27735},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27738,27739,27740,27742],{},"Problems with ",[15,27741,12283],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[162,27744,27745,27748,27757,27760],{},[165,27746,27747],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[165,27749,27750,27751,27754,27755],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27752,27753],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27756,26053],{},[165,27758,27759],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[165,27761,27762,27763,10804,27765],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27764,272],{},[15,27766,27767],{},"\"1\"",[20,27769,27770],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[39,27772,27774],{"className":41,"code":27773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27775,27776,27800,27804,27834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27777,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27779,8877],{"class":54},[48,27781,59],{"class":58},[48,27783,10203],{"class":84},[48,27785,94],{"class":62},[48,27787,272],{"class":66},[48,27789,94],{"class":62},[48,27791,503],{"class":84},[48,27793,63],{"class":62},[48,27795,6293],{"class":66},[48,27797,94],{"class":62},[48,27799,9021],{"class":84},[48,27801,27802],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27803,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,27805,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27827,27829,27831],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27807,109],{"class":108},[48,27809,91],{"class":84},[48,27811,8916],{"class":87},[48,27813,32],{"class":84},[48,27815,25957],{"class":87},[48,27817,91],{"class":84},[48,27819,272],{"class":488},[48,27821,365],{"class":84},[48,27823,63],{"class":62},[48,27825,27826],{"class":66},"not found",[48,27828,94],{"class":62},[48,27830,229],{"class":84},[48,27832,27833],{"class":129},"    # not found\n",[48,27835,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27837,109],{"class":108},[48,27839,91],{"class":84},[48,27841,8916],{"class":87},[48,27843,32],{"class":84},[48,27845,25957],{"class":87},[48,27847,91],{"class":84},[48,27849,94],{"class":62},[48,27851,272],{"class":66},[48,27853,94],{"class":62},[48,27855,365],{"class":84},[48,27857,63],{"class":62},[48,27859,27826],{"class":66},[48,27861,94],{"class":62},[48,27863,229],{"class":84},[48,27865,27866],{"class":129},"  # one\n",[20,27868,27869,500,27871,27873],{},[15,27870,272],{},[15,27872,27767],{}," are different keys.",[34,27875,8583],{"id":8582},[20,27877,8586,27878,27880],{},[15,27879,12476],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,27882,27884],{"className":41,"code":27883,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27885,27886,27896,27910,27928,27958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,27887,27888,27890,27892,27894],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,27889,109],{"class":108},[48,27891,91],{"class":84},[48,27893,11161],{"class":87},[48,27895,102],{"class":84},[48,27897,27898,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,27899,109],{"class":108},[48,27901,91],{"class":84},[48,27903,11161],{"class":87},[48,27905,32],{"class":84},[48,27907,16640],{"class":87},[48,27909,6902],{"class":84},[48,27911,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,27913,109],{"class":108},[48,27915,91],{"class":84},[48,27917,3001],{"class":62},[48,27919,7377],{"class":66},[48,27921,3001],{"class":62},[48,27923,20889],{"class":1107},[48,27925,11479],{"class":87},[48,27927,102],{"class":84},[48,27929,27930,27932,27934,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,27931,109],{"class":108},[48,27933,91],{"class":84},[48,27935,11161],{"class":87},[48,27937,32],{"class":84},[48,27939,25957],{"class":87},[48,27941,91],{"class":84},[48,27943,3001],{"class":62},[48,27945,7377],{"class":66},[48,27947,3001],{"class":62},[48,27949,365],{"class":84},[48,27951,2996],{"class":62},[48,27953,26489],{"class":66},[48,27955,3001],{"class":62},[48,27957,1034],{"class":84},[48,27959,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,27961,109],{"class":108},[48,27963,91],{"class":84},[48,27965,2921],{"class":1047},[48,27967,91],{"class":84},[48,27969,11161],{"class":87},[48,27971,1034],{"class":84},[20,27973,21052],{},[162,27975,27976,27981,27986,27991,27997],{},[165,27977,27978,27980],{},[15,27979,12393],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[165,27982,27983,27985],{},[15,27984,21064],{}," shows all available keys",[165,27987,27988,27990],{},[15,27989,21070],{}," checks whether a key exists",[165,27992,27993,27996],{},[15,27994,27995],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[165,27998,27999,28001],{},[15,28000,12399],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28003,28004,28005,32],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[224,28006,9104],{"href":9103},[34,28008,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,28010,28012,28013,28015],{"id":28011},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28014,12476],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28017,28018],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1200,28020,28022],{"id":28021},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28024,28025,26254,28027,28029,28030,28032],{},[15,28026,26053],{},[15,28028,19405],{},". ",[15,28031,26057],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1200,28034,12418,28036,14611],{"id":28035},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28037,12476],{},[20,28039,28040],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1200,28042,28044,28045,28047],{"id":28043},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28046,12476],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28049,28050,28051,28053,28054,32],{},"Not with ",[15,28052,12283],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[224,28055,28056],{"href":12294},[15,28057,12483],{},[1200,28059,1559,28061,500,28063,1564],{"id":28060},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28062,10452],{},[15,28064,12476],{},[20,28066,28067,28069,28070,28072],{},[15,28068,10452],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28071,12476],{}," reads and removes it.",[34,28074,1599],{"id":1598},[162,28076,28077,28083,28090,28094,28098,28102],{},[165,28078,28079],{},[224,28080,28081],{"href":10448},[15,28082,19386],{},[165,28084,28085],{},[224,28086,28087],{"href":12294},[15,28088,28089],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[165,28091,28092],{},[224,28093,12500],{"href":12287},[165,28095,28096],{},[224,28097,21173],{"href":16313},[165,28099,28100],{},[224,28101,10975],{"href":10786},[165,28103,28104],{},[224,28105,28107],{"href":28106},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1633,28109,28110],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":28112},[28113,28114,28116,28117,28118,28120,28127,28134,28144,28145,28146,28157],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":26064,"depth":73,"text":28115},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":26549,"depth":73,"text":28119},"When to use pop()",{"id":26736,"depth":73,"text":28121,"children":28122},"pop() vs del",[28123,28125],{"id":26751,"depth":105,"text":28124},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26854,"depth":105,"text":28126},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26957,"depth":73,"text":28128,"children":28129},"How to avoid KeyError",[28130,28131,28132],{"id":26966,"depth":105,"text":26967},{"id":27062,"depth":105,"text":27063},{"id":27170,"depth":105,"text":28133},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":28135},[28136,28138,28140,28142],{"id":27280,"depth":105,"text":28137},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27413,"depth":105,"text":28139},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27517,"depth":105,"text":28141},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27634,"depth":105,"text":28143},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27735,"depth":73,"text":27736},{"id":8582,"depth":73,"text":8583},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":28147},[28148,28150,28151,28153,28155],{"id":28011,"depth":105,"text":28149},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28021,"depth":105,"text":28022},{"id":28035,"depth":105,"text":28152},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28043,"depth":105,"text":28154},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28060,"depth":105,"text":28156},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25885,"description":28158},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28165,"title":28089,"body":28166,"description":30100,"extension":1666,"meta":30101,"navigation":122,"path":30102,"seo":30103,"stem":30104,"__hash__":30105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28167,"toc":30064},[28168,28173,28178,28181,28189,28199,28201,28290,28294,28343,28348,28353,28357,28373,28376,28378,28393,28395,28411,28418,28422,28427,28436,28438,28507,28511,28532,28535,28554,28557,28580,28582,28585,28700,28704,28763,28770,28774,28780,28905,28909,28959,28962,28966,28973,28975,29038,29042,29063,29066,29075,29090,29098,29105,29109,29121,29125,29136,29138,29284,29288,29347,29354,29359,29363,29369,29392,29397,29416,29420,29491,29498,29569,29578,29583,29588,29599,29602,29738,29743,29775,29780,29782,29786,29846,29849,29906,29909,29952,29954,29959,29965,29971,29974,29981,29989,29994,29997,30004,30011,30013,30061],[10,28169,11031,28171,18],{"id":28170},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28172,12483],{},[20,28174,765,28175,28177],{},[15,28176,12483],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28179,28180],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[162,28182,28183,28186],{},[165,28184,28185],{},"remove an item",[165,28187,28188],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28190,28191,28192,28194,28195,28198],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28193,12483],{}," removes the ",[565,28196,28197],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[34,28200,37],{"id":36},[39,28202,28204],{"className":41,"code":28203,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28205,28206,28250,28266,28270,28280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28207,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28209,8877],{"class":54},[48,28211,59],{"class":58},[48,28213,10203],{"class":84},[48,28215,94],{"class":62},[48,28217,224],{"class":66},[48,28219,94],{"class":62},[48,28221,503],{"class":84},[48,28223,5204],{"class":488},[48,28225,365],{"class":84},[48,28227,63],{"class":62},[48,28229,4466],{"class":66},[48,28231,94],{"class":62},[48,28233,503],{"class":84},[48,28235,489],{"class":488},[48,28237,365],{"class":84},[48,28239,63],{"class":62},[48,28241,632],{"class":66},[48,28243,94],{"class":62},[48,28245,503],{"class":84},[48,28247,2152],{"class":488},[48,28249,9021],{"class":84},[48,28251,28252,28255,28257,28259,28261,28264],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28253,28254],{"class":54},"item ",[48,28256,59],{"class":58},[48,28258,14281],{"class":54},[48,28260,32],{"class":84},[48,28262,28263],{"class":87},"popitem",[48,28265,8353],{"class":84},[48,28267,28268],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,28269,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28271,28272,28274,28276,28278],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,28273,109],{"class":108},[48,28275,91],{"class":84},[48,28277,23026],{"class":87},[48,28279,102],{"class":84},[48,28281,28282,28284,28286,28288],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,28283,109],{"class":108},[48,28285,91],{"class":84},[48,28287,8916],{"class":87},[48,28289,102],{"class":84},[20,28291,28292],{},[565,28293,1037],{},[39,28295,28297],{"className":41,"code":28296,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28298,28299,28315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28300,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28302,91],{"class":84},[48,28304,3001],{"class":62},[48,28306,632],{"class":66},[48,28308,3001],{"class":62},[48,28310,365],{"class":84},[48,28312,2152],{"class":488},[48,28314,102],{"class":84},[48,28316,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28318,8990],{"class":84},[48,28320,3001],{"class":62},[48,28322,224],{"class":66},[48,28324,3001],{"class":62},[48,28326,503],{"class":84},[48,28328,5204],{"class":488},[48,28330,365],{"class":84},[48,28332,2996],{"class":62},[48,28334,4466],{"class":66},[48,28336,3001],{"class":62},[48,28338,503],{"class":84},[48,28340,489],{"class":488},[48,28342,9021],{"class":84},[20,28344,28345,28347],{},[15,28346,12483],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[34,28349,148,28351,152],{"id":28350},"what-popitem-does",[15,28352,12483],{},[20,28354,28355,503],{},[15,28356,12483],{},[162,28358,28359,28362,28367,28370],{},[165,28360,28361],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[165,28363,28364,28365],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28366,21371],{},[165,28368,28369],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[165,28371,28372],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28374,28375],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[34,28377,340],{"id":339},[39,28379,28381],{"className":41,"code":28380,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28382,28383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28384,28385,28387,28389,28391],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28386,15320],{"class":54},[48,28388,32],{"class":84},[48,28390,28263],{"class":87},[48,28392,8353],{"class":84},[20,28394,11170],{},[162,28396,28397,28405,28408],{},[165,28398,28399,28401,28402],{},[15,28400,12483],{}," takes ",[565,28403,28404],{},"no arguments",[165,28406,28407],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[165,28409,28410],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28412,28413,28414,1575],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[224,28415,28416],{"href":12280},[15,28417,12476],{},[34,28419,28421],{"id":28420},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28423,560,28424,28426],{},[15,28425,12483],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28428,28429,28430,28433],"ol",{},[165,28431,28432],{},"the key",[165,28434,28435],{},"the value",[20,28437,182],{},[39,28439,28441],{"className":41,"code":28440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28442,28443,28479,28493,28497],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28444,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28446,12918],{"class":54},[48,28448,59],{"class":58},[48,28450,10203],{"class":84},[48,28452,94],{"class":62},[48,28454,7377],{"class":66},[48,28456,94],{"class":62},[48,28458,503],{"class":84},[48,28460,63],{"class":62},[48,28462,4710],{"class":66},[48,28464,94],{"class":62},[48,28466,365],{"class":84},[48,28468,63],{"class":62},[48,28470,9011],{"class":66},[48,28472,94],{"class":62},[48,28474,503],{"class":84},[48,28476,9018],{"class":488},[48,28478,9021],{"class":84},[48,28480,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28482,1929],{"class":54},[48,28484,59],{"class":58},[48,28486,12961],{"class":54},[48,28488,32],{"class":84},[48,28490,28263],{"class":87},[48,28492,8353],{"class":84},[48,28494,28495],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,28496,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28498,28499,28501,28503,28505],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,28500,109],{"class":108},[48,28502,91],{"class":84},[48,28504,1964],{"class":87},[48,28506,102],{"class":84},[20,28508,28509],{},[565,28510,1037],{},[39,28512,28514],{"className":41,"code":28513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28515,28516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28517,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28519,91],{"class":84},[48,28521,3001],{"class":62},[48,28523,9011],{"class":66},[48,28525,3001],{"class":62},[48,28527,365],{"class":84},[48,28529,9018],{"class":488},[48,28531,102],{"class":84},[20,28533,28534],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[39,28536,28538],{"className":41,"code":28537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28539,28540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28541,28542,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28543,1929],{"class":54},[48,28545,59],{"class":58},[48,28547,12961],{"class":54},[48,28549,32],{"class":84},[48,28551,28263],{"class":87},[48,28553,8353],{"class":84},[20,28555,28556],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[39,28558,28560],{"className":41,"code":28559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28561,28562],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28563,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28565,14556],{"class":54},[48,28567,365],{"class":84},[48,28569,21300],{"class":54},[48,28571,59],{"class":58},[48,28573,12961],{"class":54},[48,28575,32],{"class":84},[48,28577,28263],{"class":87},[48,28579,8353],{"class":84},[34,28581,11187],{"id":11186},[20,28583,28584],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[39,28586,28588],{"className":41,"code":28587,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28589,28590,28638,28642,28657,28661,28681],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28591,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28622,28624,28626,28629,28631,28633,28636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28593,4770],{"class":54},[48,28595,59],{"class":58},[48,28597,10203],{"class":84},[48,28599,94],{"class":62},[48,28601,28602],{"class":66},"Tom",[48,28604,94],{"class":62},[48,28606,503],{"class":84},[48,28608,4782],{"class":488},[48,28610,365],{"class":84},[48,28612,63],{"class":62},[48,28614,12594],{"class":66},[48,28616,94],{"class":62},[48,28618,503],{"class":84},[48,28620,28621],{"class":488}," 95",[48,28623,365],{"class":84},[48,28625,63],{"class":62},[48,28627,28628],{"class":66},"Leo",[48,28630,94],{"class":62},[48,28632,503],{"class":84},[48,28634,28635],{"class":488}," 88",[48,28637,9021],{"class":84},[48,28639,28640],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28641,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28643,28644,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,28645,28646],{"class":54},"removed_pair ",[48,28648,59],{"class":58},[48,28650,4817],{"class":54},[48,28652,32],{"class":84},[48,28654,28263],{"class":87},[48,28656,8353],{"class":84},[48,28658,28659],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,28660,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28662,28663,28665,28667,28669,28672,28674,28676,28679],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,28664,109],{"class":108},[48,28666,91],{"class":84},[48,28668,94],{"class":62},[48,28670,28671],{"class":66},"Removed:",[48,28673,94],{"class":62},[48,28675,365],{"class":84},[48,28677,28678],{"class":87}," removed_pair",[48,28680,102],{"class":84},[48,28682,28683,28685,28687,28689,28692,28694,28696,28698],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,28684,109],{"class":108},[48,28686,91],{"class":84},[48,28688,94],{"class":62},[48,28690,28691],{"class":66},"After removal:",[48,28693,94],{"class":62},[48,28695,365],{"class":84},[48,28697,4817],{"class":87},[48,28699,102],{"class":84},[20,28701,28702],{},[565,28703,1037],{},[39,28705,28707],{"className":41,"code":28706,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28708,28709,28730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28710,28711,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28712,28713],{"class":54},"Removed",[48,28715,503],{"class":84},[48,28717,8948],{"class":84},[48,28719,3001],{"class":62},[48,28721,28628],{"class":66},[48,28723,3001],{"class":62},[48,28725,365],{"class":84},[48,28727,28635],{"class":488},[48,28729,102],{"class":84},[48,28731,28732,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28733,28734],{"class":54},"After removal",[48,28736,503],{"class":84},[48,28738,10203],{"class":84},[48,28740,3001],{"class":62},[48,28742,28602],{"class":66},[48,28744,3001],{"class":62},[48,28746,503],{"class":84},[48,28748,4782],{"class":488},[48,28750,365],{"class":84},[48,28752,2996],{"class":62},[48,28754,12594],{"class":66},[48,28756,3001],{"class":62},[48,28758,503],{"class":84},[48,28760,28621],{"class":488},[48,28762,9021],{"class":84},[20,28764,28765,28766,28769],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28767,28768],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[34,28771,28773],{"id":28772},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28775,28776,28777,28779],{},"Because ",[15,28778,12483],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[39,28781,28783],{"className":41,"code":28782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28784,28785,28821,28825,28844,28848,28867,28886],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28786,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28788,15163],{"class":54},[48,28790,59],{"class":58},[48,28792,10203],{"class":84},[48,28794,94],{"class":62},[48,28796,15174],{"class":66},[48,28798,94],{"class":62},[48,28800,503],{"class":84},[48,28802,63],{"class":62},[48,28804,15183],{"class":66},[48,28806,94],{"class":62},[48,28808,365],{"class":84},[48,28810,63],{"class":62},[48,28812,15194],{"class":66},[48,28814,94],{"class":62},[48,28816,503],{"class":84},[48,28818,26623],{"class":488},[48,28820,9021],{"class":84},[48,28822,28823],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28824,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28826,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28838,28840,28842],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,28828,14556],{"class":54},[48,28830,365],{"class":84},[48,28832,21300],{"class":54},[48,28834,59],{"class":58},[48,28836,28837],{"class":54}," book",[48,28839,32],{"class":84},[48,28841,28263],{"class":87},[48,28843,8353],{"class":84},[48,28845,28846],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,28847,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,28849,28850,28852,28854,28856,28859,28861,28863,28865],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,28851,109],{"class":108},[48,28853,91],{"class":84},[48,28855,94],{"class":62},[48,28857,28858],{"class":66},"Key:",[48,28860,94],{"class":62},[48,28862,365],{"class":84},[48,28864,21295],{"class":87},[48,28866,102],{"class":84},[48,28868,28869,28871,28873,28875,28878,28880,28882,28884],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,28870,109],{"class":108},[48,28872,91],{"class":84},[48,28874,94],{"class":62},[48,28876,28877],{"class":66},"Value:",[48,28879,94],{"class":62},[48,28881,365],{"class":84},[48,28883,8144],{"class":87},[48,28885,102],{"class":84},[48,28887,28888,28890,28892,28894,28897,28899,28901,28903],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,28889,109],{"class":108},[48,28891,91],{"class":84},[48,28893,94],{"class":62},[48,28895,28896],{"class":66},"Dictionary:",[48,28898,94],{"class":62},[48,28900,365],{"class":84},[48,28902,28837],{"class":87},[48,28904,102],{"class":84},[20,28906,28907],{},[565,28908,1037],{},[39,28910,28912],{"className":41,"code":28911,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28913,28914,28924,28934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28915,28916,28919,28921],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28917,28918],{"class":54},"Key",[48,28920,503],{"class":84},[48,28922,28923],{"class":54}," pages\n",[48,28925,28926,28929,28931],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,28927,28928],{"class":54},"Value",[48,28930,503],{"class":84},[48,28932,28933],{"class":488}," 200\n",[48,28935,28936,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28955,28957],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,28937,28938],{"class":54},"Dictionary",[48,28940,503],{"class":84},[48,28942,10203],{"class":84},[48,28944,3001],{"class":62},[48,28946,15174],{"class":66},[48,28948,3001],{"class":62},[48,28950,503],{"class":84},[48,28952,2996],{"class":62},[48,28954,15183],{"class":66},[48,28956,3001],{"class":62},[48,28958,9021],{"class":84},[20,28960,28961],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[34,28963,28965],{"id":28964},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28967,28968,28969,28194,28971,32],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28970,12483],{},[565,28972,28197],{},[20,28974,182],{},[39,28976,28978],{"className":41,"code":28977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28979,28980,29024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,28981,28982,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994,28996,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020,29022],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,28983,8877],{"class":54},[48,28985,59],{"class":58},[48,28987,10203],{"class":84},[48,28989,94],{"class":62},[48,28991,1873],{"class":66},[48,28993,94],{"class":62},[48,28995,503],{"class":84},[48,28997,5204],{"class":488},[48,28999,365],{"class":84},[48,29001,63],{"class":62},[48,29003,11458],{"class":66},[48,29005,94],{"class":62},[48,29007,503],{"class":84},[48,29009,489],{"class":488},[48,29011,365],{"class":84},[48,29013,63],{"class":62},[48,29015,1029],{"class":66},[48,29017,94],{"class":62},[48,29019,503],{"class":84},[48,29021,2152],{"class":488},[48,29023,9021],{"class":84},[48,29025,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29027,109],{"class":108},[48,29029,91],{"class":84},[48,29031,8916],{"class":87},[48,29033,32],{"class":84},[48,29035,28263],{"class":87},[48,29037,6902],{"class":84},[20,29039,29040],{},[565,29041,1037],{},[39,29043,29045],{"className":41,"code":29044,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29046,29047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29048,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29050,91],{"class":84},[48,29052,3001],{"class":62},[48,29054,1029],{"class":66},[48,29056,3001],{"class":62},[48,29058,365],{"class":84},[48,29060,2152],{"class":488},[48,29062,102],{"class":84},[20,29064,29065],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29067,29068,29069,29071,29072,29074],{},"As a beginner, do ",[565,29070,1055],{}," think of ",[15,29073,12483],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29076,29077,29078,1888,29082,16789,29086,32],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[224,29079,29080],{"href":16792},[15,29081,16795],{},[224,29083,29084],{"href":16779},[15,29085,16782],{},[224,29087,29088],{"href":16785},[15,29089,16788],{},[34,29091,29093,29094,500,29096],{"id":29092},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29095,12483],{},[15,29097,12476],{},[20,29099,29100,500,29102,29104],{},[15,29101,12483],{},[15,29103,12476],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1200,29106,29107],{"id":28263},[15,29108,12483],{},[162,29110,29111,29114,29117],{},[165,29112,29113],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[165,29115,29116],{},"does not need a key argument",[165,29118,3396,29119],{},[15,29120,21371],{},[1200,29122,29123],{"id":25957},[15,29124,12476],{},[162,29126,29127,29130,29133],{},[165,29128,29129],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[165,29131,29132],{},"needs the key name",[165,29134,29135],{},"returns only the value",[20,29137,182],{},[39,29139,29141],{"className":41,"code":29140,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29142,29143,29187,29191,29205,29225,29229,29251,29270,29274],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29144,29145,29147,29149,29151,29153,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29146,8877],{"class":54},[48,29148,59],{"class":58},[48,29150,10203],{"class":84},[48,29152,94],{"class":62},[48,29154,224],{"class":66},[48,29156,94],{"class":62},[48,29158,503],{"class":84},[48,29160,5204],{"class":488},[48,29162,365],{"class":84},[48,29164,63],{"class":62},[48,29166,4466],{"class":66},[48,29168,94],{"class":62},[48,29170,503],{"class":84},[48,29172,489],{"class":488},[48,29174,365],{"class":84},[48,29176,63],{"class":62},[48,29178,632],{"class":66},[48,29180,94],{"class":62},[48,29182,503],{"class":84},[48,29184,2152],{"class":488},[48,29186,9021],{"class":84},[48,29188,29189],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29190,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29192,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29194,28254],{"class":54},[48,29196,59],{"class":58},[48,29198,14281],{"class":54},[48,29200,32],{"class":84},[48,29202,28263],{"class":87},[48,29204,8353],{"class":84},[48,29206,29207,29209,29211,29213,29216,29218,29220,29223],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,29208,109],{"class":108},[48,29210,91],{"class":84},[48,29212,94],{"class":62},[48,29214,29215],{"class":66},"popitem():",[48,29217,94],{"class":62},[48,29219,365],{"class":84},[48,29221,29222],{"class":87}," item",[48,29224,102],{"class":84},[48,29226,29227],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,29228,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29230,29231,29233,29235,29237,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,29232,2147],{"class":54},[48,29234,59],{"class":58},[48,29236,14281],{"class":54},[48,29238,32],{"class":84},[48,29240,25957],{"class":87},[48,29242,91],{"class":84},[48,29244,94],{"class":62},[48,29246,224],{"class":66},[48,29248,94],{"class":62},[48,29250,102],{"class":84},[48,29252,29253,29255,29257,29259,29262,29264,29266,29268],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,29254,109],{"class":108},[48,29256,91],{"class":84},[48,29258,94],{"class":62},[48,29260,29261],{"class":66},"pop('a'):",[48,29263,94],{"class":62},[48,29265,365],{"class":84},[48,29267,8144],{"class":87},[48,29269,102],{"class":84},[48,29271,29272],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,29273,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29275,29276,29278,29280,29282],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,29277,109],{"class":108},[48,29279,91],{"class":84},[48,29281,8916],{"class":87},[48,29283,102],{"class":84},[20,29285,29286],{},[565,29287,1037],{},[39,29289,29291],{"className":41,"code":29290,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29292,29293,29314,29331],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29294,29295,29297,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308,29310,29312],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29296,28263],{"class":87},[48,29298,29299],{"class":84},"():",[48,29301,8948],{"class":84},[48,29303,3001],{"class":62},[48,29305,632],{"class":66},[48,29307,3001],{"class":62},[48,29309,365],{"class":84},[48,29311,2152],{"class":488},[48,29313,102],{"class":84},[48,29315,29316,29318,29320,29322,29324,29326,29328],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29317,25957],{"class":87},[48,29319,91],{"class":84},[48,29321,3001],{"class":62},[48,29323,224],{"class":66},[48,29325,3001],{"class":62},[48,29327,16168],{"class":84},[48,29329,29330],{"class":488}," 1\n",[48,29332,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29334,8990],{"class":84},[48,29336,3001],{"class":62},[48,29338,4466],{"class":66},[48,29340,3001],{"class":62},[48,29342,503],{"class":84},[48,29344,489],{"class":488},[48,29346,9021],{"class":84},[20,29348,139,29349,29353],{},[224,29350,29351],{"href":12280},[15,29352,12476],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29355,139,29356,29358],{},[15,29357,12483],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[34,29360,29362],{"id":29361},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29364,29365,29366,29368],{},"Calling ",[15,29367,12483],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[39,29370,29372],{"className":41,"code":29371,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29373,29374,29382],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29375,29376,29378,29380],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29377,8877],{"class":54},[48,29379,59],{"class":58},[48,29381,9550],{"class":84},[48,29383,29384,29386,29388,29390],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29385,8916],{"class":54},[48,29387,32],{"class":84},[48,29389,28263],{"class":87},[48,29391,8353],{"class":84},[20,29393,29394],{},[565,29395,29396],{},"Error:",[39,29398,29400],{"className":41,"code":29399,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29401,29402],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29403,29404,29406,29408,29410,29413],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29405,19405],{"class":1047},[48,29407,503],{"class":84},[48,29409,2996],{"class":62},[48,29411,29412],{"class":66},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[48,29414,29415],{"class":62},"'\n",[1200,29417,29419],{"id":29418},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[39,29421,29423],{"className":41,"code":29422,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29424,29425,29433,29437,29445,29460,29470,29476],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29426,29427,29429,29431],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29428,8877],{"class":54},[48,29430,59],{"class":58},[48,29432,9550],{"class":84},[48,29434,29435],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29436,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29438,29439,29441,29443],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29440,6705],{"class":1107},[48,29442,14281],{"class":54},[48,29444,1110],{"class":84},[48,29446,29447,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,29448,29449],{"class":54},"    item ",[48,29451,59],{"class":58},[48,29453,14281],{"class":54},[48,29455,32],{"class":84},[48,29457,28263],{"class":87},[48,29459,8353],{"class":84},[48,29461,29462,29464,29466,29468],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,29463,1138],{"class":108},[48,29465,91],{"class":84},[48,29467,23026],{"class":87},[48,29469,102],{"class":84},[48,29471,29472,29474],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,29473,27150],{"class":1107},[48,29475,1110],{"class":84},[48,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29487,29489],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,29479,1138],{"class":108},[48,29481,91],{"class":84},[48,29483,94],{"class":62},[48,29485,29486],{"class":66},"Dictionary is empty",[48,29488,94],{"class":62},[48,29490,102],{"class":84},[1200,29492,29494,29495],{"id":29493},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29496,29497],{},"try-except",[39,29499,29501],{"className":41,"code":29500,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29502,29503,29511,29515,29521,29535,29545,29554],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29504,29505,29507,29509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29506,8877],{"class":54},[48,29508,59],{"class":58},[48,29510,9550],{"class":84},[48,29512,29513],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29514,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29516,29517,29519],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29518,1078],{"class":1107},[48,29520,1110],{"class":84},[48,29522,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,29524,29449],{"class":54},[48,29526,59],{"class":58},[48,29528,14281],{"class":54},[48,29530,32],{"class":84},[48,29532,28263],{"class":87},[48,29534,8353],{"class":84},[48,29536,29537,29539,29541,29543],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,29538,1138],{"class":108},[48,29540,91],{"class":84},[48,29542,23026],{"class":87},[48,29544,102],{"class":84},[48,29546,29547,29549,29552],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,29548,1081],{"class":1107},[48,29550,29551],{"class":1047}," KeyError",[48,29553,1110],{"class":84},[48,29555,29556,29558,29560,29562,29565,29567],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,29557,1138],{"class":108},[48,29559,91],{"class":84},[48,29561,94],{"class":62},[48,29563,29564],{"class":66},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[48,29566,94],{"class":62},[48,29568,102],{"class":84},[20,29570,29571,29572,32],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[224,29573,1179,29575],{"href":29574},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29576,29577],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[34,29579,4667,29581],{"id":29580},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29582,12483],{},[20,29584,29585,29587],{},[15,29586,12483],{}," is useful when:",[162,29589,29590,29593,29596],{},[165,29591,29592],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[165,29594,29595],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[165,29597,29598],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29600,29601],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[39,29603,29605],{"className":41,"code":29604,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29606,29607,29616,29635,29655,29673,29677,29681,29691,29710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29608,29609,29612,29614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29610,29611],{"class":54},"tasks ",[48,29613,59],{"class":58},[48,29615,11205],{"class":84},[48,29617,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29631,29633],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29619,11210],{"class":62},[48,29621,696],{"class":66},[48,29623,94],{"class":62},[48,29625,503],{"class":84},[48,29627,63],{"class":62},[48,29629,29630],{"class":66},"wash dishes",[48,29632,94],{"class":62},[48,29634,11226],{"class":84},[48,29636,29637,29639,29642,29644,29646,29648,29651,29653],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29638,11210],{"class":62},[48,29640,29641],{"class":66},"second",[48,29643,94],{"class":62},[48,29645,503],{"class":84},[48,29647,63],{"class":62},[48,29649,29650],{"class":66},"do homework",[48,29652,94],{"class":62},[48,29654,11226],{"class":84},[48,29656,29657,29659,29662,29664,29666,29668,29671],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,29658,11210],{"class":62},[48,29660,29661],{"class":66},"third",[48,29663,94],{"class":62},[48,29665,503],{"class":84},[48,29667,63],{"class":62},[48,29669,29670],{"class":66},"read book",[48,29672,70],{"class":62},[48,29674,29675],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,29676,9021],{"class":84},[48,29678,29679],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,29680,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29682,29683,29686,29689],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,29684,29685],{"class":1107},"while",[48,29687,29688],{"class":54}," tasks",[48,29690,1110],{"class":84},[48,29692,29693,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706,29708],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,29694,29695],{"class":54},"    key",[48,29697,365],{"class":84},[48,29699,21300],{"class":54},[48,29701,59],{"class":58},[48,29703,29688],{"class":54},[48,29705,32],{"class":84},[48,29707,28263],{"class":87},[48,29709,8353],{"class":84},[48,29711,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724,29726,29728,29730,29732,29734,29736],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,29713,1138],{"class":108},[48,29715,91],{"class":84},[48,29717,22009],{"class":1767},[48,29719,94],{"class":66},[48,29721,8990],{"class":488},[48,29723,14556],{"class":87},[48,29725,22018],{"class":488},[48,29727,22021],{"class":66},[48,29729,8990],{"class":488},[48,29731,362],{"class":87},[48,29733,22018],{"class":488},[48,29735,94],{"class":66},[48,29737,102],{"class":84},[20,29739,29740],{},[565,29741,29742],{},"Possible output:",[39,29744,29746],{"className":41,"code":29745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29747,29748,29757,29766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29749,29750,29752,29754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29751,29661],{"class":54},[48,29753,503],{"class":84},[48,29755,29756],{"class":54}," read book\n",[48,29758,29759,29761,29763],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29760,29641],{"class":54},[48,29762,503],{"class":84},[48,29764,29765],{"class":54}," do homework\n",[48,29767,29768,29770,29772],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29769,696],{"class":54},[48,29771,503],{"class":84},[48,29773,29774],{"class":54}," wash dishes\n",[20,29776,28776,29777,29779],{},[15,29778,12483],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[34,29781,1366],{"id":1365},[20,29783,14448,29784,503],{},[15,29785,12483],{},[162,29787,29788,29802,29821,29832],{},[165,29789,29790,29795],{},[565,29791,29365,29792,29794],{},[15,29793,12483],{}," on an empty dictionary",[162,29796,29797],{},[165,29798,29799,29800,32],{},"This raises ",[15,29801,19405],{},[165,29803,29804,29809],{},[565,29805,1379,29806,29808],{},[15,29807,12483],{}," to remove a specific key",[162,29810,29811,29814],{},[165,29812,29813],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[165,29815,139,29816,29820],{},[224,29817,29818],{"href":12280},[15,29819,12476],{}," if you need that.",[165,29822,29823,29827],{},[565,29824,4409,29825,27416],{},[15,29826,12483],{},[162,29828,29829],{},[165,29830,29831],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[165,29833,29834,29837],{},[565,29835,29836],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[162,29838,29839],{},[165,29840,29841,21691,29843,29845],{},[15,29842,12483],{},[15,29844,21371],{}," tuple.",[20,29847,29848],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[39,29850,29852],{"className":41,"code":29851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29853,29854,29864,29878,29882,29896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29855,29856,29858,29860,29862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29857,109],{"class":108},[48,29859,91],{"class":84},[48,29861,11161],{"class":87},[48,29863,102],{"class":84},[48,29865,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29867,109],{"class":108},[48,29869,91],{"class":84},[48,29871,10874],{"class":108},[48,29873,91],{"class":84},[48,29875,11161],{"class":87},[48,29877,1034],{"class":84},[48,29879,29880],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29881,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,29883,29884,29886,29888,29890,29892,29894],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,29885,28254],{"class":54},[48,29887,59],{"class":58},[48,29889,11479],{"class":54},[48,29891,32],{"class":84},[48,29893,28263],{"class":87},[48,29895,8353],{"class":84},[48,29897,29898,29900,29902,29904],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,29899,109],{"class":108},[48,29901,91],{"class":84},[48,29903,23026],{"class":87},[48,29905,102],{"class":84},[20,29907,29908],{},"Or with unpacking:",[39,29910,29912],{"className":41,"code":29911,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29913,29914,29932,29942],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,29915,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,29917,14556],{"class":54},[48,29919,365],{"class":84},[48,29921,21300],{"class":54},[48,29923,59],{"class":58},[48,29925,11479],{"class":54},[48,29927,32],{"class":84},[48,29929,28263],{"class":87},[48,29931,8353],{"class":84},[48,29933,29934,29936,29938,29940],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,29935,109],{"class":108},[48,29937,91],{"class":84},[48,29939,14556],{"class":87},[48,29941,102],{"class":84},[48,29943,29944,29946,29948,29950],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,29945,109],{"class":108},[48,29947,91],{"class":84},[48,29949,362],{"class":87},[48,29951,102],{"class":84},[34,29953,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,29955,4849,29957,4852],{"id":29956},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29958,12483],{},[20,29960,29961,29962,32],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29963,29964],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1200,29966,12418,29968,29970],{"id":29967},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29969,12483],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29972,29973],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1200,29975,29977,29978,29980],{"id":29976},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29979,12483],{}," removes?",[20,29982,29983,29984,29988],{},"No. Use ",[224,29985,29986],{"href":12280},[15,29987,12476],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1200,29990,12418,29992,14611],{"id":29991},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29993,12483],{},[20,29995,29996],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1200,29998,30000,30001,30003],{"id":29999},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30002,12483],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30005,176,30006,30008,30009,32],{},[15,30007,19405],{}," with the message ",[15,30010,29412],{},[34,30012,1599],{"id":1598},[162,30014,30015,30022,30028,30034,30040,30047,30051,30055],{},[165,30016,30017],{},[224,30018,30019,30021],{"href":12280},[15,30020,12476],{}," method for dictionaries",[165,30023,30024],{},[224,30025,30026,30021],{"href":16792},[15,30027,16795],{},[165,30029,30030],{},[224,30031,30032,30021],{"href":16779},[15,30033,16782],{},[165,30035,30036],{},[224,30037,30038,30021],{"href":16785},[15,30039,16788],{},[165,30041,30042],{},[224,30043,30045,30021],{"href":30044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30046,11034],{},[165,30048,30049],{},[224,30050,12500],{"href":12287},[165,30052,30053],{},[224,30054,21173],{"href":16313},[165,30056,30057],{},[224,30058,1629,30059],{"href":29574},[15,30060,29577],{},[1633,30062,30063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":30065},[30066,30067,30069,30070,30071,30072,30073,30074,30079,30084,30086,30087,30099],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":28350,"depth":73,"text":30068},"What popitem() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":28420,"depth":73,"text":28421},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":28772,"depth":73,"text":28773},{"id":28964,"depth":73,"text":28965},{"id":29092,"depth":73,"text":30075,"children":30076},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30077,30078],{"id":28263,"depth":105,"text":12483},{"id":25957,"depth":105,"text":12476},{"id":29361,"depth":73,"text":29362,"children":30080},[30081,30082],{"id":29418,"depth":105,"text":29419},{"id":29493,"depth":105,"text":30083},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29580,"depth":73,"text":30085},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":30088},[30089,30091,30093,30095,30097],{"id":29956,"depth":105,"text":30090},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29967,"depth":105,"text":30092},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29976,"depth":105,"text":30094},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29991,"depth":105,"text":30096},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29999,"depth":105,"text":30098},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28089,"description":30100},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30107,"title":30108,"body":30109,"description":32012,"extension":1666,"meta":32013,"navigation":122,"path":13747,"seo":32014,"stem":32015,"__hash__":32016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30110,"toc":31984},[30111,30116,30121,30124,30126,30223,30228,30233,30238,30241,30249,30252,30267,30269,30369,30371,30428,30432,30434,30437,30457,30462,30473,30476,30503,30506,30508,30565,30567,30588,30594,30599,30602,30613,30615,30723,30725,30778,30780,30792,30799,30805,30810,30813,30901,30903,30948,30951,30959,30962,30965,31034,31037,31040,31044,31047,31118,31120,31173,31176,31179,31182,31197,31200,31212,31215,31278,31280,31286,31288,31290,31369,31371,31412,31414,31479,31481,31518,31523,31528,31532,31546,31549,31672,31674,31759,31764,31766,31770,31792,31795,31875,31878,31897,31902,31904,31910,31915,31921,31924,31930,31933,31939,31944,31950,31956,31958,31981],[10,30112,11031,30114,18],{"id":30113},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30115,14669],{},[20,30117,765,30118,30120],{},[15,30119,14669],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30122,30123],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[34,30125,37],{"id":36},[39,30127,30129],{"className":41,"code":30128,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30130,30131,30167,30208,30218],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30132,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30134,12918],{"class":54},[48,30136,59],{"class":58},[48,30138,10203],{"class":84},[48,30140,94],{"class":62},[48,30142,7377],{"class":66},[48,30144,94],{"class":62},[48,30146,503],{"class":84},[48,30148,63],{"class":62},[48,30150,12594],{"class":66},[48,30152,94],{"class":62},[48,30154,365],{"class":84},[48,30156,63],{"class":62},[48,30158,9011],{"class":66},[48,30160,94],{"class":62},[48,30162,503],{"class":84},[48,30164,7500],{"class":488},[48,30166,9021],{"class":84},[48,30168,30169,30171,30173,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30189,30191,30193,30195,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30170,17024],{"class":54},[48,30172,32],{"class":84},[48,30174,30175],{"class":87},"update",[48,30177,5236],{"class":84},[48,30179,94],{"class":62},[48,30181,9011],{"class":66},[48,30183,94],{"class":62},[48,30185,503],{"class":84},[48,30187,30188],{"class":488}," 21",[48,30190,365],{"class":84},[48,30192,63],{"class":62},[48,30194,10121],{"class":66},[48,30196,94],{"class":62},[48,30198,503],{"class":84},[48,30200,63],{"class":62},[48,30202,15747],{"class":66},[48,30204,94],{"class":62},[48,30206,30207],{"class":84},"})\n",[48,30209,30210,30212,30214,30216],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,30211,109],{"class":108},[48,30213,91],{"class":84},[48,30215,17024],{"class":87},[48,30217,102],{"class":84},[48,30219,30220],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,30221,30222],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30224,139,30225,30227],{},[15,30226,14669],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[34,30229,148,30231,152],{"id":30230},"what-update-does",[15,30232,14669],{},[20,30234,30235,30237],{},[15,30236,14669],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30239,30240],{},"It can do two main things:",[162,30242,30243,30246],{},[165,30244,30245],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[165,30247,30248],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30250,30251],{},"Important things to know:",[162,30253,30254,30257,30260,30264],{},[165,30255,30256],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[165,30258,30259],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[165,30261,4855,30262],{},[15,30263,3483],{},[165,30265,30266],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30268,182],{},[39,30270,30272],{"className":41,"code":30271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30273,30274,30316,30359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30275,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30312,30314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30277,12577],{"class":54},[48,30279,59],{"class":58},[48,30281,10203],{"class":84},[48,30283,94],{"class":62},[48,30285,7377],{"class":66},[48,30287,94],{"class":62},[48,30289,503],{"class":84},[48,30291,63],{"class":62},[48,30293,30294],{"class":66},"Mira",[48,30296,94],{"class":62},[48,30298,365],{"class":84},[48,30300,63],{"class":62},[48,30302,19609],{"class":66},[48,30304,94],{"class":62},[48,30306,503],{"class":84},[48,30308,63],{"class":62},[48,30310,30311],{"class":66},"B",[48,30313,94],{"class":62},[48,30315,9021],{"class":84},[48,30317,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30355,30357],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30319,13340],{"class":54},[48,30321,32],{"class":84},[48,30323,30175],{"class":87},[48,30325,5236],{"class":84},[48,30327,94],{"class":62},[48,30329,19609],{"class":66},[48,30331,94],{"class":62},[48,30333,503],{"class":84},[48,30335,63],{"class":62},[48,30337,21960],{"class":66},[48,30339,94],{"class":62},[48,30341,365],{"class":84},[48,30343,63],{"class":62},[48,30345,10121],{"class":66},[48,30347,94],{"class":62},[48,30349,503],{"class":84},[48,30351,63],{"class":62},[48,30353,30354],{"class":66},"Quito",[48,30356,94],{"class":62},[48,30358,30207],{"class":84},[48,30360,30361,30363,30365,30367],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,30362,109],{"class":108},[48,30364,91],{"class":84},[48,30366,13340],{"class":87},[48,30368,102],{"class":84},[20,30370,1037],{},[39,30372,30374],{"className":41,"code":30373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30375,30376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30377,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30379,8990],{"class":84},[48,30381,3001],{"class":62},[48,30383,7377],{"class":66},[48,30385,3001],{"class":62},[48,30387,503],{"class":84},[48,30389,2996],{"class":62},[48,30391,30294],{"class":66},[48,30393,3001],{"class":62},[48,30395,365],{"class":84},[48,30397,2996],{"class":62},[48,30399,19609],{"class":66},[48,30401,3001],{"class":62},[48,30403,503],{"class":84},[48,30405,2996],{"class":62},[48,30407,21960],{"class":66},[48,30409,3001],{"class":62},[48,30411,365],{"class":84},[48,30413,2996],{"class":62},[48,30415,10121],{"class":66},[48,30417,3001],{"class":62},[48,30419,503],{"class":84},[48,30421,2996],{"class":62},[48,30423,30354],{"class":66},[48,30425,3001],{"class":62},[48,30427,9021],{"class":84},[20,30429,8863,30430,32],{},[224,30431,24344],{"href":9103},[34,30433,340],{"id":339},[20,30435,30436],{},"The basic form is:",[39,30438,30440],{"className":41,"code":30439,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30441,30442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30443,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30455],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30445,15320],{"class":54},[48,30447,32],{"class":84},[48,30449,30175],{"class":87},[48,30451,91],{"class":84},[48,30453,30454],{"class":87},"other",[48,30456,102],{"class":84},[20,30458,30459,30461],{},[15,30460,30454],{}," can be:",[162,30463,30464,30467,30470],{},[165,30465,30466],{},"Another dictionary",[165,30468,30469],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[165,30471,30472],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30474,30475],{},"You can also use:",[39,30477,30479],{"className":41,"code":30478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30480,30481],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30482,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30484,15320],{"class":54},[48,30486,32],{"class":84},[48,30488,30175],{"class":87},[48,30490,91],{"class":84},[48,30492,7377],{"class":8887},[48,30494,59],{"class":58},[48,30496,94],{"class":62},[48,30498,7386],{"class":66},[48,30500,94],{"class":62},[48,30502,102],{"class":84},[20,30504,30505],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30507,182],{},[39,30509,30511],{"className":41,"code":30510,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30512,30513,30533,30555],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30514,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30516,8877],{"class":54},[48,30518,59],{"class":58},[48,30520,10203],{"class":84},[48,30522,94],{"class":62},[48,30524,224],{"class":66},[48,30526,94],{"class":62},[48,30528,503],{"class":84},[48,30530,5204],{"class":488},[48,30532,9021],{"class":84},[48,30534,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30536,8916],{"class":54},[48,30538,32],{"class":84},[48,30540,30175],{"class":87},[48,30542,5236],{"class":84},[48,30544,94],{"class":62},[48,30546,224],{"class":66},[48,30548,94],{"class":62},[48,30550,503],{"class":84},[48,30552,5712],{"class":488},[48,30554,30207],{"class":84},[48,30556,30557,30559,30561,30563],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,30558,109],{"class":108},[48,30560,91],{"class":84},[48,30562,8916],{"class":87},[48,30564,102],{"class":84},[20,30566,1037],{},[39,30568,30570],{"className":41,"code":30569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30571,30572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30573,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30575,8990],{"class":84},[48,30577,3001],{"class":62},[48,30579,224],{"class":66},[48,30581,3001],{"class":62},[48,30583,503],{"class":84},[48,30585,5712],{"class":488},[48,30587,9021],{"class":84},[34,30589,758,30591,30593],{"id":30590},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30592,14669],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30595,30596,30597,32],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30598,14669],{},[20,30600,30601],{},"It is useful when:",[162,30603,30604,30607,30610],{},[165,30605,30606],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[165,30608,30609],{},"Adding extra settings",[165,30611,30612],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30614,182],{},[39,30616,30618],{"className":41,"code":30617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30619,30620,30657,30694,30698,30713],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30621,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30655],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30623,13540],{"class":54},[48,30625,59],{"class":58},[48,30627,10203],{"class":84},[48,30629,94],{"class":62},[48,30631,12208],{"class":66},[48,30633,94],{"class":62},[48,30635,503],{"class":84},[48,30637,63],{"class":62},[48,30639,20644],{"class":66},[48,30641,94],{"class":62},[48,30643,365],{"class":84},[48,30645,63],{"class":62},[48,30647,13565],{"class":66},[48,30649,94],{"class":62},[48,30651,503],{"class":84},[48,30653,30654],{"class":488}," 12",[48,30656,9021],{"class":84},[48,30658,30659,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30660,30661],{"class":54},"new_settings ",[48,30663,59],{"class":58},[48,30665,10203],{"class":84},[48,30667,94],{"class":62},[48,30669,13565],{"class":66},[48,30671,94],{"class":62},[48,30673,503],{"class":84},[48,30675,13572],{"class":488},[48,30677,365],{"class":84},[48,30679,63],{"class":62},[48,30681,19840],{"class":66},[48,30683,94],{"class":62},[48,30685,503],{"class":84},[48,30687,63],{"class":62},[48,30689,19874],{"class":66},[48,30691,94],{"class":62},[48,30693,9021],{"class":84},[48,30695,30696],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,30697,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,30699,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30711],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,30701,13599],{"class":54},[48,30703,32],{"class":84},[48,30705,30175],{"class":87},[48,30707,91],{"class":84},[48,30709,30710],{"class":87},"new_settings",[48,30712,102],{"class":84},[48,30714,30715,30717,30719,30721],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,30716,109],{"class":108},[48,30718,91],{"class":84},[48,30720,13599],{"class":87},[48,30722,102],{"class":84},[20,30724,1037],{},[39,30726,30728],{"className":41,"code":30727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30729,30730],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30731,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30733,8990],{"class":84},[48,30735,3001],{"class":62},[48,30737,12208],{"class":66},[48,30739,3001],{"class":62},[48,30741,503],{"class":84},[48,30743,2996],{"class":62},[48,30745,20644],{"class":66},[48,30747,3001],{"class":62},[48,30749,365],{"class":84},[48,30751,2996],{"class":62},[48,30753,13565],{"class":66},[48,30755,3001],{"class":62},[48,30757,503],{"class":84},[48,30759,13572],{"class":488},[48,30761,365],{"class":84},[48,30763,2996],{"class":62},[48,30765,19840],{"class":66},[48,30767,3001],{"class":62},[48,30769,503],{"class":84},[48,30771,2996],{"class":62},[48,30773,19874],{"class":66},[48,30775,3001],{"class":62},[48,30777,9021],{"class":84},[20,30779,13123],{},[162,30781,30782,30787],{},[165,30783,30784,30786],{},[15,30785,13565],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[165,30788,30789,30791],{},[15,30790,19840],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30793,30794,30795,32],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[224,30796,30798],{"href":30797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[34,30800,758,30802,30804],{"id":30801},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30803,14669],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30806,30807,30809],{},[15,30808,14669],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30811,30812],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[39,30814,30816],{"className":41,"code":30815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30817,30818,30838,30873,30877,30891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30819,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30821,4770],{"class":54},[48,30823,59],{"class":58},[48,30825,10203],{"class":84},[48,30827,94],{"class":62},[48,30829,18134],{"class":66},[48,30831,94],{"class":62},[48,30833,503],{"class":84},[48,30835,19616],{"class":488},[48,30837,9021],{"class":84},[48,30839,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30865,30867,30869,30871],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30841,8927],{"class":54},[48,30843,59],{"class":58},[48,30845,8932],{"class":84},[48,30847,94],{"class":62},[48,30849,18143],{"class":66},[48,30851,94],{"class":62},[48,30853,365],{"class":84},[48,30855,13221],{"class":488},[48,30857,8945],{"class":84},[48,30859,8948],{"class":84},[48,30861,94],{"class":62},[48,30863,30864],{"class":66},"english",[48,30866,94],{"class":62},[48,30868,365],{"class":84},[48,30870,28635],{"class":488},[48,30872,8961],{"class":84},[48,30874,30875],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,30876,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,30878,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887,30889],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,30880,16105],{"class":54},[48,30882,32],{"class":84},[48,30884,30175],{"class":87},[48,30886,91],{"class":84},[48,30888,8974],{"class":87},[48,30890,102],{"class":84},[48,30892,30893,30895,30897,30899],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,30894,109],{"class":108},[48,30896,91],{"class":84},[48,30898,16105],{"class":87},[48,30900,102],{"class":84},[20,30902,1037],{},[39,30904,30906],{"className":41,"code":30905,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30907,30908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30909,30910,30912,30914,30916,30918,30920,30922,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944,30946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30911,8990],{"class":84},[48,30913,3001],{"class":62},[48,30915,18134],{"class":66},[48,30917,3001],{"class":62},[48,30919,503],{"class":84},[48,30921,19616],{"class":488},[48,30923,365],{"class":84},[48,30925,2996],{"class":62},[48,30927,18143],{"class":66},[48,30929,3001],{"class":62},[48,30931,503],{"class":84},[48,30933,13221],{"class":488},[48,30935,365],{"class":84},[48,30937,2996],{"class":62},[48,30939,30864],{"class":66},[48,30941,3001],{"class":62},[48,30943,503],{"class":84},[48,30945,28635],{"class":488},[48,30947,9021],{"class":84},[20,30949,30950],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[162,30952,30953,30956],{},[165,30954,30955],{},"The key",[165,30957,30958],{},"The value",[20,30960,30961],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30963,30964],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[39,30966,30968],{"className":41,"code":30967,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30969,30970,30990,31015,31019],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,30973,8877],{"class":54},[48,30975,59],{"class":58},[48,30977,10203],{"class":84},[48,30979,94],{"class":62},[48,30981,224],{"class":66},[48,30983,94],{"class":62},[48,30985,503],{"class":84},[48,30987,5204],{"class":488},[48,30989,9021],{"class":84},[48,30991,30992,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,30993,30994],{"class":54},"bad_pairs ",[48,30996,59],{"class":58},[48,30998,8932],{"class":84},[48,31000,94],{"class":62},[48,31002,4466],{"class":66},[48,31004,94],{"class":62},[48,31006,365],{"class":84},[48,31008,489],{"class":488},[48,31010,365],{"class":84},[48,31012,2152],{"class":488},[48,31014,8961],{"class":84},[48,31016,31017],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31018,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,31020,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31032],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,31022,8916],{"class":54},[48,31024,32],{"class":84},[48,31026,30175],{"class":87},[48,31028,91],{"class":84},[48,31030,31031],{"class":87},"bad_pairs",[48,31033,102],{"class":84},[20,31035,31036],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31038,31039],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[34,31041,31043],{"id":31042},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31045,31046],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[39,31048,31050],{"className":41,"code":31049,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31051,31052,31076,31108],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31055,11200],{"class":54},[48,31057,59],{"class":58},[48,31059,10203],{"class":84},[48,31061,94],{"class":62},[48,31063,7377],{"class":66},[48,31065,94],{"class":62},[48,31067,503],{"class":84},[48,31069,63],{"class":62},[48,31071,28628],{"class":66},[48,31073,94],{"class":62},[48,31075,9021],{"class":84},[48,31077,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31097,31099,31101,31104,31106],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31079,11294],{"class":54},[48,31081,32],{"class":84},[48,31083,30175],{"class":87},[48,31085,91],{"class":84},[48,31087,9011],{"class":8887},[48,31089,59],{"class":58},[48,31091,8905],{"class":488},[48,31093,365],{"class":84},[48,31095,31096],{"class":8887}," city",[48,31098,59],{"class":58},[48,31100,94],{"class":62},[48,31102,31103],{"class":66},"Madrid",[48,31105,94],{"class":62},[48,31107,102],{"class":84},[48,31109,31110,31112,31114,31116],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31111,109],{"class":108},[48,31113,91],{"class":84},[48,31115,11294],{"class":87},[48,31117,102],{"class":84},[20,31119,1037],{},[39,31121,31123],{"className":41,"code":31122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31124,31125],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31126,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31128,8990],{"class":84},[48,31130,3001],{"class":62},[48,31132,7377],{"class":66},[48,31134,3001],{"class":62},[48,31136,503],{"class":84},[48,31138,2996],{"class":62},[48,31140,28628],{"class":66},[48,31142,3001],{"class":62},[48,31144,365],{"class":84},[48,31146,2996],{"class":62},[48,31148,9011],{"class":66},[48,31150,3001],{"class":62},[48,31152,503],{"class":84},[48,31154,9018],{"class":488},[48,31156,365],{"class":84},[48,31158,2996],{"class":62},[48,31160,10121],{"class":66},[48,31162,3001],{"class":62},[48,31164,503],{"class":84},[48,31166,2996],{"class":62},[48,31168,31103],{"class":66},[48,31170,3001],{"class":62},[48,31172,9021],{"class":84},[20,31174,31175],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31177,31178],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31180,31181],{},"These work:",[162,31183,31184,31188,31192],{},[165,31185,31186],{},[15,31187,9011],{},[165,31189,31190],{},[15,31191,10121],{},[165,31193,31194],{},[15,31195,31196],{},"first_name",[20,31198,31199],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[162,31201,31202,31207],{},[165,31203,31204],{},[15,31205,31206],{},"\"first name\"",[165,31208,31209],{},[15,31210,31211],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31213,31214],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[39,31216,31218],{"className":41,"code":31217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31219,31220,31228,31268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31221,31222,31224,31226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31223,11200],{"class":54},[48,31225,59],{"class":58},[48,31227,9550],{"class":84},[48,31229,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31259,31261,31263,31266],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31231,11294],{"class":54},[48,31233,32],{"class":84},[48,31235,30175],{"class":87},[48,31237,5236],{"class":84},[48,31239,94],{"class":62},[48,31241,10225],{"class":66},[48,31243,94],{"class":62},[48,31245,503],{"class":84},[48,31247,63],{"class":62},[48,31249,28628],{"class":66},[48,31251,94],{"class":62},[48,31253,365],{"class":84},[48,31255,63],{"class":62},[48,31257,31258],{"class":66},"user-id",[48,31260,94],{"class":62},[48,31262,503],{"class":84},[48,31264,31265],{"class":488}," 1001",[48,31267,30207],{"class":84},[48,31269,31270,31272,31274,31276],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31271,109],{"class":108},[48,31273,91],{"class":84},[48,31275,11294],{"class":87},[48,31277,102],{"class":84},[34,31279,17136],{"id":17135},[20,31281,31282,1572,31284,32],{},[15,31283,14669],{},[15,31285,3483],{},[20,31287,13763],{},[20,31289,24424],{},[39,31291,31293],{"className":41,"code":31292,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31294,31295,31319,31345,31349,31359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31296,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31298,12918],{"class":54},[48,31300,59],{"class":58},[48,31302,10203],{"class":84},[48,31304,94],{"class":62},[48,31306,7377],{"class":66},[48,31308,94],{"class":62},[48,31310,503],{"class":84},[48,31312,63],{"class":62},[48,31314,12594],{"class":66},[48,31316,94],{"class":62},[48,31318,9021],{"class":84},[48,31320,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31322,1929],{"class":54},[48,31324,59],{"class":58},[48,31326,12961],{"class":54},[48,31328,32],{"class":84},[48,31330,30175],{"class":87},[48,31332,5236],{"class":84},[48,31334,94],{"class":62},[48,31336,9011],{"class":66},[48,31338,94],{"class":62},[48,31340,503],{"class":84},[48,31342,7500],{"class":488},[48,31344,30207],{"class":84},[48,31346,31347],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31348,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,31350,31351,31353,31355,31357],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,31352,109],{"class":108},[48,31354,91],{"class":84},[48,31356,1964],{"class":87},[48,31358,102],{"class":84},[48,31360,31361,31363,31365,31367],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,31362,109],{"class":108},[48,31364,91],{"class":84},[48,31366,17024],{"class":87},[48,31368,102],{"class":84},[20,31370,1037],{},[39,31372,31374],{"className":41,"code":31373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31375,31376,31380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31377,31378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31379,11521],{"class":3556},[48,31381,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31383,8990],{"class":84},[48,31385,3001],{"class":62},[48,31387,7377],{"class":66},[48,31389,3001],{"class":62},[48,31391,503],{"class":84},[48,31393,2996],{"class":62},[48,31395,12594],{"class":66},[48,31397,3001],{"class":62},[48,31399,365],{"class":84},[48,31401,2996],{"class":62},[48,31403,9011],{"class":66},[48,31405,3001],{"class":62},[48,31407,503],{"class":84},[48,31409,7500],{"class":488},[48,31411,9021],{"class":84},[20,31413,16372],{},[39,31415,31417],{"className":41,"code":31416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31418,31419,31443,31465,31469],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31420,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31422,12918],{"class":54},[48,31424,59],{"class":58},[48,31426,10203],{"class":84},[48,31428,94],{"class":62},[48,31430,7377],{"class":66},[48,31432,94],{"class":62},[48,31434,503],{"class":84},[48,31436,63],{"class":62},[48,31438,12594],{"class":66},[48,31440,94],{"class":62},[48,31442,9021],{"class":84},[48,31444,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31446,17024],{"class":54},[48,31448,32],{"class":84},[48,31450,30175],{"class":87},[48,31452,5236],{"class":84},[48,31454,94],{"class":62},[48,31456,9011],{"class":66},[48,31458,94],{"class":62},[48,31460,503],{"class":84},[48,31462,7500],{"class":488},[48,31464,30207],{"class":84},[48,31466,31467],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31468,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,31470,31471,31473,31475,31477],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,31472,109],{"class":108},[48,31474,91],{"class":84},[48,31476,17024],{"class":87},[48,31478,102],{"class":84},[20,31480,1037],{},[39,31482,31484],{"className":41,"code":31483,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31485,31486],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31487,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31489,8990],{"class":84},[48,31491,3001],{"class":62},[48,31493,7377],{"class":66},[48,31495,3001],{"class":62},[48,31497,503],{"class":84},[48,31499,2996],{"class":62},[48,31501,12594],{"class":66},[48,31503,3001],{"class":62},[48,31505,365],{"class":84},[48,31507,2996],{"class":62},[48,31509,9011],{"class":66},[48,31511,3001],{"class":62},[48,31513,503],{"class":84},[48,31515,7500],{"class":488},[48,31517,9021],{"class":84},[20,31519,31520,31521,32],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[224,31522,17622],{"href":10443},[34,31524,4667,31526],{"id":31525},"when-to-use-update",[15,31527,14669],{},[20,31529,139,31530,10313],{},[15,31531,14669],{},[162,31533,31534,31537,31540,31543],{},[165,31535,31536],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[165,31538,31539],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[165,31541,31542],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[165,31544,31545],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31547,31548],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[39,31550,31552],{"className":41,"code":31551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31553,31554,31590,31605,31609,31648,31652,31662],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31555,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31557,11799],{"class":54},[48,31559,59],{"class":58},[48,31561,10203],{"class":84},[48,31563,94],{"class":62},[48,31565,7377],{"class":66},[48,31567,94],{"class":62},[48,31569,503],{"class":84},[48,31571,63],{"class":62},[48,31573,12594],{"class":66},[48,31575,94],{"class":62},[48,31577,365],{"class":84},[48,31579,63],{"class":62},[48,31581,9011],{"class":66},[48,31583,94],{"class":62},[48,31585,503],{"class":84},[48,31587,7500],{"class":488},[48,31589,9021],{"class":84},[48,31591,31592,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31593,31594],{"class":54},"updated ",[48,31596,59],{"class":58},[48,31598,11874],{"class":54},[48,31600,32],{"class":84},[48,31602,12625],{"class":87},[48,31604,8353],{"class":84},[48,31606,31607],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31608,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,31610,31611,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,31612,31613],{"class":54},"updated",[48,31615,32],{"class":84},[48,31617,30175],{"class":87},[48,31619,5236],{"class":84},[48,31621,94],{"class":62},[48,31623,9011],{"class":66},[48,31625,94],{"class":62},[48,31627,503],{"class":84},[48,31629,30188],{"class":488},[48,31631,365],{"class":84},[48,31633,63],{"class":62},[48,31635,10121],{"class":66},[48,31637,94],{"class":62},[48,31639,503],{"class":84},[48,31641,63],{"class":62},[48,31643,15747],{"class":66},[48,31645,94],{"class":62},[48,31647,30207],{"class":84},[48,31649,31650],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,31651,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,31653,31654,31656,31658,31660],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,31655,109],{"class":108},[48,31657,91],{"class":84},[48,31659,11846],{"class":87},[48,31661,102],{"class":84},[48,31663,31664,31666,31668,31670],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,31665,109],{"class":108},[48,31667,91],{"class":84},[48,31669,31613],{"class":87},[48,31671,102],{"class":84},[20,31673,1037],{},[39,31675,31677],{"className":41,"code":31676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31678,31679,31711],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31680,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31682,8990],{"class":84},[48,31684,3001],{"class":62},[48,31686,7377],{"class":66},[48,31688,3001],{"class":62},[48,31690,503],{"class":84},[48,31692,2996],{"class":62},[48,31694,12594],{"class":66},[48,31696,3001],{"class":62},[48,31698,365],{"class":84},[48,31700,2996],{"class":62},[48,31702,9011],{"class":66},[48,31704,3001],{"class":62},[48,31706,503],{"class":84},[48,31708,7500],{"class":488},[48,31710,9021],{"class":84},[48,31712,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31714,8990],{"class":84},[48,31716,3001],{"class":62},[48,31718,7377],{"class":66},[48,31720,3001],{"class":62},[48,31722,503],{"class":84},[48,31724,2996],{"class":62},[48,31726,12594],{"class":66},[48,31728,3001],{"class":62},[48,31730,365],{"class":84},[48,31732,2996],{"class":62},[48,31734,9011],{"class":66},[48,31736,3001],{"class":62},[48,31738,503],{"class":84},[48,31740,30188],{"class":488},[48,31742,365],{"class":84},[48,31744,2996],{"class":62},[48,31746,10121],{"class":66},[48,31748,3001],{"class":62},[48,31750,503],{"class":84},[48,31752,2996],{"class":62},[48,31754,15747],{"class":66},[48,31756,3001],{"class":62},[48,31758,9021],{"class":84},[20,31760,31761,31762,32],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[224,31763,16314],{"href":16313},[34,31765,1366],{"id":1365},[20,31767,10459,31768,503],{},[15,31769,14669],{},[162,31771,31772,31779,31783,31786,31789],{},[165,31773,12308,31774,31776,31777],{},[15,31775,14669],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31778,3483],{},[165,31780,1379,31781,12316],{},[15,31782,14669],{},[165,31784,31785],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[165,31787,31788],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[165,31790,31791],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31793,31794],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[39,31796,31798],{"className":41,"code":31797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31799,31800,31810,31824,31838,31860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,31801,31802,31804,31806,31808],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,31803,109],{"class":108},[48,31805,91],{"class":84},[48,31807,11161],{"class":87},[48,31809,102],{"class":84},[48,31811,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,31813,109],{"class":108},[48,31815,91],{"class":84},[48,31817,2921],{"class":1047},[48,31819,91],{"class":84},[48,31821,8916],{"class":87},[48,31823,1034],{"class":84},[48,31825,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,31827,109],{"class":108},[48,31829,91],{"class":84},[48,31831,7804],{"class":1047},[48,31833,91],{"class":84},[48,31835,8916],{"class":87},[48,31837,1034],{"class":84},[48,31839,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,31841,109],{"class":108},[48,31843,91],{"class":84},[48,31845,11161],{"class":87},[48,31847,32],{"class":84},[48,31849,19468],{"class":87},[48,31851,91],{"class":84},[48,31853,3001],{"class":62},[48,31855,14556],{"class":66},[48,31857,3001],{"class":62},[48,31859,1034],{"class":84},[48,31861,31862,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,31863,31864],{"class":108},"help",[48,31866,91],{"class":84},[48,31868,8532],{"class":1047},[48,31870,32],{"class":84},[48,31872,30175],{"class":24466},[48,31874,102],{"class":84},[20,31876,31877],{},"These can help you check:",[162,31879,31880,31883,31888,31891,31894],{},[165,31881,31882],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[165,31884,31885,31886],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31887,14669],{},[165,31889,31890],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[165,31892,31893],{},"Whether a key exists",[165,31895,31896],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31898,31899,31900,32],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[224,31901,10975],{"href":10786},[34,31903,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,31905,12418,31907,31909],{"id":31906},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31908,14669],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31911,31912,31913,32],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31914,3483],{},[1200,31916,12418,31918,31920],{"id":31917},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31919,14669],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31922,31923],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1200,31925,1579,31927,31929],{"id":31926},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31928,14669],{}," add new keys?",[20,31931,31932],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1200,31934,28044,31936,31938],{"id":31935},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31937,14669],{}," with a list?",[20,31940,31941,31942,32],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31943,10807],{},[1200,31945,1559,31947,31949],{"id":31946},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31948,14669],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31951,31952,31953,31955],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31954,14669],{}," can change many keys at once.",[34,31957,1599],{"id":1598},[162,31959,31960,31964,31968,31973,31977],{},[165,31961,31962],{},[224,31963,25811],{"href":9103},[165,31965,31966],{},[224,31967,10964],{"href":10443},[165,31969,31970],{},[224,31971,31972],{"href":30797},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[165,31974,31975],{},[224,31976,21173],{"href":16313},[165,31978,31979],{},[224,31980,10975],{"href":10786},[1633,31982,31983],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":31985},[31986,31987,31989,31990,31992,31994,31995,31996,31998,31999,32011],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":30230,"depth":73,"text":31988},"What update() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":30590,"depth":73,"text":31991},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30801,"depth":73,"text":31993},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31042,"depth":73,"text":31043},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":31525,"depth":73,"text":31997},"When to use update()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":32000},[32001,32003,32005,32007,32009],{"id":31906,"depth":105,"text":32002},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31917,"depth":105,"text":32004},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31926,"depth":105,"text":32006},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31935,"depth":105,"text":32008},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31946,"depth":105,"text":32010},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30108,"description":32012},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32018,"title":32019,"body":32020,"description":34009,"extension":1666,"meta":34010,"navigation":122,"path":22610,"seo":34011,"stem":34012,"__hash__":34013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32021,"toc":33972},[32022,32027,32034,32037,32039,32138,32140,32195,32200,32205,32219,32224,32226,32241,32243,32257,32270,32275,32281,32288,32290,32397,32399,32448,32454,32529,32531,32552,32554,32557,32662,32664,32719,32721,32749,32753,32758,32837,32839,32859,32861,32872,32882,32886,32891,32995,32997,33022,33025,33036,33041,33050,33053,33070,33072,33159,33161,33224,33226,33249,33251,33256,33262,33267,33269,33308,33314,33317,33336,33347,33353,33356,33429,33431,33450,33455,33458,33481,33487,33490,33554,33557,33634,33641,33644,33703,33709,33711,33730,33734,33737,33788,33791,33811,33813,33874,33876,33881,33886,33891,33896,33901,33906,33912,33915,33924,33932,33934,33969],[10,32023,11031,32025,18],{"id":32024},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32026,16788],{},[20,32028,32029,32030,32033],{},"The Python ",[15,32031,32032],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32035,32036],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[34,32038,37],{"id":36},[39,32040,32042],{"className":41,"code":32041,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32043,32044,32096,32110,32114,32124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32045,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32047,12577],{"class":54},[48,32049,59],{"class":58},[48,32051,10203],{"class":84},[48,32053,94],{"class":62},[48,32055,7377],{"class":66},[48,32057,94],{"class":62},[48,32059,503],{"class":84},[48,32061,63],{"class":62},[48,32063,12594],{"class":66},[48,32065,94],{"class":62},[48,32067,365],{"class":84},[48,32069,63],{"class":62},[48,32071,9011],{"class":66},[48,32073,94],{"class":62},[48,32075,503],{"class":84},[48,32077,7500],{"class":488},[48,32079,365],{"class":84},[48,32081,63],{"class":62},[48,32083,10121],{"class":66},[48,32085,94],{"class":62},[48,32087,503],{"class":84},[48,32089,63],{"class":62},[48,32091,15747],{"class":66},[48,32093,94],{"class":62},[48,32095,9021],{"class":84},[48,32097,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106,32108],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32099,3528],{"class":54},[48,32101,59],{"class":58},[48,32103,12620],{"class":54},[48,32105,32],{"class":84},[48,32107,5065],{"class":87},[48,32109,8353],{"class":84},[48,32111,32112],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32113,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32115,32116,32118,32120,32122],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32117,109],{"class":108},[48,32119,91],{"class":84},[48,32121,5065],{"class":87},[48,32123,102],{"class":84},[48,32125,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134,32136],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,32127,109],{"class":108},[48,32129,91],{"class":84},[48,32131,7804],{"class":1047},[48,32133,91],{"class":84},[48,32135,5065],{"class":87},[48,32137,1034],{"class":84},[20,32139,1037],{},[39,32141,32143],{"className":41,"code":32142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32144,32145,32171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32146,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32148,16754],{"class":87},[48,32150,2684],{"class":84},[48,32152,3001],{"class":62},[48,32154,12594],{"class":66},[48,32156,3001],{"class":62},[48,32158,365],{"class":84},[48,32160,7500],{"class":488},[48,32162,365],{"class":84},[48,32164,2996],{"class":62},[48,32166,15747],{"class":66},[48,32168,3001],{"class":62},[48,32170,3593],{"class":84},[48,32172,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32174,3605],{"class":84},[48,32176,3001],{"class":62},[48,32178,12594],{"class":66},[48,32180,3001],{"class":62},[48,32182,365],{"class":84},[48,32184,7500],{"class":488},[48,32186,365],{"class":84},[48,32188,2996],{"class":62},[48,32190,15747],{"class":66},[48,32192,3001],{"class":62},[48,32194,3339],{"class":84},[20,32196,32197,32199],{},[15,32198,16788],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[34,32201,148,32203,152],{"id":32202},"what-values-does",[15,32204,16788],{},[162,32206,32207,32210,32213,32216],{},[165,32208,32209],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[165,32211,32212],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[165,32214,32215],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[165,32217,32218],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32220,32221,32222,32],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[224,32223,9104],{"href":9103},[34,32225,340],{"id":339},[39,32227,32229],{"className":41,"code":32228,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32230,32231],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32232,32233,32235,32237,32239],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32234,11161],{"class":54},[48,32236,32],{"class":84},[48,32238,5065],{"class":87},[48,32240,8353],{"class":84},[20,32242,160],{},[162,32244,32245,32249,32252],{},[165,32246,32247,11177],{},[15,32248,16788],{},[165,32250,32251],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[165,32253,32254,32255],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32256,16788],{},[20,32258,32259,32260,500,32265,32],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[224,32261,32262,32264],{"href":16779},[15,32263,16782],{}," for dictionary keys",[224,32266,32267,32269],{"href":16792},[15,32268,16795],{}," for key-value pairs",[34,32271,148,32273,11418],{"id":32272},"what-values-returns",[15,32274,16788],{},[20,32276,32277,21691,32279,24480],{},[15,32278,16788],{},[15,32280,16754],{},[20,32282,32283,32284,32287],{},"This object is a ",[565,32285,32286],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32289,182],{},[39,32291,32293],{"className":41,"code":32292,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32294,32295,32331,32335,32350,32361,32365,32387],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32296,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32298,12918],{"class":54},[48,32300,59],{"class":58},[48,32302,10203],{"class":84},[48,32304,94],{"class":62},[48,32306,7377],{"class":66},[48,32308,94],{"class":62},[48,32310,503],{"class":84},[48,32312,63],{"class":62},[48,32314,7632],{"class":66},[48,32316,94],{"class":62},[48,32318,365],{"class":84},[48,32320,63],{"class":62},[48,32322,9011],{"class":66},[48,32324,94],{"class":62},[48,32326,503],{"class":84},[48,32328,9018],{"class":488},[48,32330,9021],{"class":84},[48,32332,32333],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32334,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32336,32337,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32338,32339],{"class":54},"values_view ",[48,32341,59],{"class":58},[48,32343,12961],{"class":54},[48,32345,32],{"class":84},[48,32347,5065],{"class":87},[48,32349,8353],{"class":84},[48,32351,32352,32354,32356,32359],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32353,109],{"class":108},[48,32355,91],{"class":84},[48,32357,32358],{"class":87},"values_view",[48,32360,102],{"class":84},[48,32362,32363],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,32364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32366,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,32368,17024],{"class":54},[48,32370,3605],{"class":84},[48,32372,94],{"class":62},[48,32374,10121],{"class":66},[48,32376,94],{"class":62},[48,32378,12987],{"class":84},[48,32380,12990],{"class":58},[48,32382,63],{"class":62},[48,32384,30354],{"class":66},[48,32386,70],{"class":62},[48,32388,32389,32391,32393,32395],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,32390,109],{"class":108},[48,32392,91],{"class":84},[48,32394,32358],{"class":87},[48,32396,102],{"class":84},[20,32398,1037],{},[39,32400,32402],{"className":41,"code":32401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32403,32404,32422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32405,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32407,16754],{"class":87},[48,32409,2684],{"class":84},[48,32411,3001],{"class":62},[48,32413,7632],{"class":66},[48,32415,3001],{"class":62},[48,32417,365],{"class":84},[48,32419,9018],{"class":488},[48,32421,3593],{"class":84},[48,32423,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32425,16754],{"class":87},[48,32427,2684],{"class":84},[48,32429,3001],{"class":62},[48,32431,7632],{"class":66},[48,32433,3001],{"class":62},[48,32435,365],{"class":84},[48,32437,9018],{"class":488},[48,32439,365],{"class":84},[48,32441,2996],{"class":62},[48,32443,30354],{"class":66},[48,32445,3001],{"class":62},[48,32447,3593],{"class":84},[20,32449,32450,32451,32],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32452,32453],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[39,32455,32457],{"className":41,"code":32456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32458,32459,32495,32514,32518],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32460,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489,32491,32493],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32462,12918],{"class":54},[48,32464,59],{"class":58},[48,32466,10203],{"class":84},[48,32468,94],{"class":62},[48,32470,7377],{"class":66},[48,32472,94],{"class":62},[48,32474,503],{"class":84},[48,32476,63],{"class":62},[48,32478,7632],{"class":66},[48,32480,94],{"class":62},[48,32482,365],{"class":84},[48,32484,63],{"class":62},[48,32486,9011],{"class":66},[48,32488,94],{"class":62},[48,32490,503],{"class":84},[48,32492,9018],{"class":488},[48,32494,9021],{"class":84},[48,32496,32497,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32498,32499],{"class":54},"values_list ",[48,32501,59],{"class":58},[48,32503,22275],{"class":1047},[48,32505,91],{"class":84},[48,32507,17024],{"class":87},[48,32509,32],{"class":84},[48,32511,5065],{"class":87},[48,32513,6902],{"class":84},[48,32515,32516],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32517,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32519,32520,32522,32524,32527],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32521,109],{"class":108},[48,32523,91],{"class":84},[48,32525,32526],{"class":87},"values_list",[48,32528,102],{"class":84},[20,32530,1037],{},[39,32532,32534],{"className":41,"code":32533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32535,32536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32537,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32539,3605],{"class":84},[48,32541,3001],{"class":62},[48,32543,7632],{"class":66},[48,32545,3001],{"class":62},[48,32547,365],{"class":84},[48,32549,9018],{"class":488},[48,32551,3339],{"class":84},[34,32553,11187],{"id":11186},[20,32555,32556],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[39,32558,32560],{"className":41,"code":32559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32561,32562,32616,32620,32634,32638,32648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32563,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32597,32599,32601,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32565,24512],{"class":54},[48,32567,59],{"class":58},[48,32569,10203],{"class":84},[48,32571,94],{"class":62},[48,32573,24521],{"class":66},[48,32575,94],{"class":62},[48,32577,503],{"class":84},[48,32579,63],{"class":62},[48,32581,24530],{"class":66},[48,32583,94],{"class":62},[48,32585,365],{"class":84},[48,32587,63],{"class":62},[48,32589,24539],{"class":66},[48,32591,94],{"class":62},[48,32593,503],{"class":84},[48,32595,32596],{"class":488}," 2022",[48,32598,365],{"class":84},[48,32600,63],{"class":62},[48,32602,32603],{"class":66},"color",[48,32605,94],{"class":62},[48,32607,503],{"class":84},[48,32609,63],{"class":62},[48,32611,12823],{"class":66},[48,32613,94],{"class":62},[48,32615,9021],{"class":84},[48,32617,32618],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32619,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32621,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32623,1929],{"class":54},[48,32625,59],{"class":58},[48,32627,24561],{"class":54},[48,32629,32],{"class":84},[48,32631,5065],{"class":87},[48,32633,8353],{"class":84},[48,32635,32636],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32637,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32639,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,32641,109],{"class":108},[48,32643,91],{"class":84},[48,32645,1964],{"class":87},[48,32647,102],{"class":84},[48,32649,32650,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,32651,109],{"class":108},[48,32653,91],{"class":84},[48,32655,7804],{"class":1047},[48,32657,91],{"class":84},[48,32659,1964],{"class":87},[48,32661,1034],{"class":84},[20,32663,1037],{},[39,32665,32667],{"className":41,"code":32666,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32668,32669,32695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32670,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32672,16754],{"class":87},[48,32674,2684],{"class":84},[48,32676,3001],{"class":62},[48,32678,24530],{"class":66},[48,32680,3001],{"class":62},[48,32682,365],{"class":84},[48,32684,32596],{"class":488},[48,32686,365],{"class":84},[48,32688,2996],{"class":62},[48,32690,12823],{"class":66},[48,32692,3001],{"class":62},[48,32694,3593],{"class":84},[48,32696,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32698,3605],{"class":84},[48,32700,3001],{"class":62},[48,32702,24530],{"class":66},[48,32704,3001],{"class":62},[48,32706,365],{"class":84},[48,32708,32596],{"class":488},[48,32710,365],{"class":84},[48,32712,2996],{"class":62},[48,32714,12823],{"class":66},[48,32716,3001],{"class":62},[48,32718,3339],{"class":84},[20,32720,11396],{},[162,32722,32723,32729,32735,32743],{},[165,32724,32725,32728],{},[15,32726,32727],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[165,32730,32731,32734],{},[15,32732,32733],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[165,32736,32737,32740,32741,24333],{},[15,32738,32739],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32742,16754],{},[165,32744,32745,32748],{},[15,32746,32747],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[34,32750,32752],{"id":32751},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32754,32755,32756,25780],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32757,5665],{},[39,32759,32761],{"className":41,"code":32760,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32762,32763,32807,32811,32827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32764,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32766,4770],{"class":54},[48,32768,59],{"class":58},[48,32770,10203],{"class":84},[48,32772,94],{"class":62},[48,32774,18134],{"class":66},[48,32776,94],{"class":62},[48,32778,503],{"class":84},[48,32780,19616],{"class":488},[48,32782,365],{"class":84},[48,32784,63],{"class":62},[48,32786,30864],{"class":66},[48,32788,94],{"class":62},[48,32790,503],{"class":84},[48,32792,13221],{"class":488},[48,32794,365],{"class":84},[48,32796,63],{"class":62},[48,32798,18143],{"class":66},[48,32800,94],{"class":62},[48,32802,503],{"class":84},[48,32804,28635],{"class":488},[48,32806,9021],{"class":84},[48,32808,32809],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32810,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32812,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32814,5665],{"class":1107},[48,32816,21300],{"class":54},[48,32818,3587],{"class":1107},[48,32820,4817],{"class":54},[48,32822,32],{"class":84},[48,32824,5065],{"class":87},[48,32826,21311],{"class":84},[48,32828,32829,32831,32833,32835],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32830,1138],{"class":108},[48,32832,91],{"class":84},[48,32834,362],{"class":87},[48,32836,102],{"class":84},[20,32838,1037],{},[39,32840,32842],{"className":41,"code":32841,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32843,32844,32849,32854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32845,32846],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32847,32848],{"class":488},"90\n",[48,32850,32851],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32852,32853],{"class":488},"85\n",[48,32855,32856],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32857,32858],{"class":488},"88\n",[20,32860,17428],{},[162,32862,32863,32866,32869],{},[165,32864,32865],{},"You only need the values",[165,32867,32868],{},"You do not care about the keys",[165,32870,32871],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32873,32874,32875,1358,32879,32],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[224,32876,10449,32877,754],{"href":16792},[15,32878,16795],{},[224,32880,22190],{"href":32881},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[34,32883,32885],{"id":32884},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32887,139,32888,32890],{},[15,32889,32453],{}," when you need a list.",[39,32892,32894],{"className":41,"code":32893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32895,32896,32942,32946,32966,32970,32981],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,32897,32898,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32934,32936,32938,32940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,32899,32900],{"class":54},"fruit_prices ",[48,32902,59],{"class":58},[48,32904,10203],{"class":84},[48,32906,94],{"class":62},[48,32908,3785],{"class":66},[48,32910,94],{"class":62},[48,32912,503],{"class":84},[48,32914,489],{"class":488},[48,32916,365],{"class":84},[48,32918,63],{"class":62},[48,32920,198],{"class":66},[48,32922,94],{"class":62},[48,32924,503],{"class":84},[48,32926,5204],{"class":488},[48,32928,365],{"class":84},[48,32930,63],{"class":62},[48,32932,32933],{"class":66},"orange",[48,32935,94],{"class":62},[48,32937,503],{"class":84},[48,32939,2152],{"class":488},[48,32941,9021],{"class":84},[48,32943,32944],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,32945,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32947,32948,32951,32953,32955,32957,32960,32962,32964],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,32949,32950],{"class":54},"price_list ",[48,32952,59],{"class":58},[48,32954,22275],{"class":1047},[48,32956,91],{"class":84},[48,32958,32959],{"class":87},"fruit_prices",[48,32961,32],{"class":84},[48,32963,5065],{"class":87},[48,32965,6902],{"class":84},[48,32967,32968],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,32969,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,32971,32972,32974,32976,32979],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,32973,109],{"class":108},[48,32975,91],{"class":84},[48,32977,32978],{"class":87},"price_list",[48,32980,102],{"class":84},[48,32982,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,32984,109],{"class":108},[48,32986,91],{"class":84},[48,32988,32978],{"class":87},[48,32990,3605],{"class":84},[48,32992,578],{"class":488},[48,32994,3593],{"class":84},[20,32996,1037],{},[39,32998,33000],{"className":41,"code":32999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33001,33002,33018],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33003,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33005,3605],{"class":84},[48,33007,280],{"class":488},[48,33009,365],{"class":84},[48,33011,5204],{"class":488},[48,33013,365],{"class":84},[48,33015,2152],{"class":488},[48,33017,3339],{"class":84},[48,33019,33020],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33021,16773],{"class":488},[20,33023,33024],{},"This is helpful for:",[162,33026,33027,33030,33033],{},[165,33028,33029],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[165,33031,33032],{},"Accessing values by index",[165,33034,33035],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33037,3630,33038,33040],{},[15,33039,16754],{}," is not the same as a list.",[34,33042,33044,1188,33046,1188,33048],{"id":33043},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33045,16788],{},[15,33047,16782],{},[15,33049,16795],{},[20,33051,33052],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[162,33054,33055,33060,33065],{},[165,33056,33057,33059],{},[15,33058,16788],{}," returns only the values",[165,33061,33062,33064],{},[15,33063,16782],{}," returns only the keys",[165,33066,33067,33069],{},[15,33068,16795],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33071,1826],{},[39,33073,33075],{"className":41,"code":33074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33076,33077,33113,33117,33131,33145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33078,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33080,12577],{"class":54},[48,33082,59],{"class":58},[48,33084,10203],{"class":84},[48,33086,94],{"class":62},[48,33088,7377],{"class":66},[48,33090,94],{"class":62},[48,33092,503],{"class":84},[48,33094,63],{"class":62},[48,33096,12594],{"class":66},[48,33098,94],{"class":62},[48,33100,365],{"class":84},[48,33102,63],{"class":62},[48,33104,9011],{"class":66},[48,33106,94],{"class":62},[48,33108,503],{"class":84},[48,33110,7500],{"class":488},[48,33112,9021],{"class":84},[48,33114,33115],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33116,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,33118,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33120,109],{"class":108},[48,33122,91],{"class":84},[48,33124,13340],{"class":87},[48,33126,32],{"class":84},[48,33128,16640],{"class":87},[48,33130,6902],{"class":84},[48,33132,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,33134,109],{"class":108},[48,33136,91],{"class":84},[48,33138,13340],{"class":87},[48,33140,32],{"class":84},[48,33142,5065],{"class":87},[48,33144,6902],{"class":84},[48,33146,33147,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,33148,109],{"class":108},[48,33150,91],{"class":84},[48,33152,13340],{"class":87},[48,33154,32],{"class":84},[48,33156,7520],{"class":87},[48,33158,6902],{"class":84},[20,33160,1037],{},[39,33162,33164],{"className":41,"code":33163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33165,33166,33188,33206],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33167,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33169,16731],{"class":87},[48,33171,2684],{"class":84},[48,33173,3001],{"class":62},[48,33175,7377],{"class":66},[48,33177,3001],{"class":62},[48,33179,365],{"class":84},[48,33181,2996],{"class":62},[48,33183,9011],{"class":66},[48,33185,3001],{"class":62},[48,33187,3593],{"class":84},[48,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33191,16754],{"class":87},[48,33193,2684],{"class":84},[48,33195,3001],{"class":62},[48,33197,12594],{"class":66},[48,33199,3001],{"class":62},[48,33201,365],{"class":84},[48,33203,7500],{"class":488},[48,33205,3593],{"class":84},[48,33207,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33209,21624],{"class":87},[48,33211,9370],{"class":84},[48,33213,3001],{"class":62},[48,33215,7377],{"class":66},[48,33217,3001],{"class":62},[48,33219,365],{"class":84},[48,33221,7500],{"class":488},[48,33223,10391],{"class":84},[20,33225,18412],{},[162,33227,33228,33235,33242],{},[165,33229,33230,33234],{},[224,33231,33232],{"href":16779},[15,33233,16782],{}," when you need just the keys",[165,33236,33237,33241],{},[224,33238,33239],{"href":16785},[15,33240,16788],{}," when you need just the values",[165,33243,33244,33248],{},[224,33245,33246],{"href":16792},[15,33247,16795],{}," when you need both",[34,33250,4225],{"id":4224},[20,33252,33253,33254,32],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33255,16788],{},[1200,33257,29365,33259,33261],{"id":33258},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33260,16788],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33263,33264,33266],{},[15,33265,16788],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33268,16360],{},[39,33270,33272],{"className":41,"code":33271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33273,33274,33294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33275,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33277,8019],{"class":54},[48,33279,59],{"class":58},[48,33281,3326],{"class":84},[48,33283,272],{"class":488},[48,33285,365],{"class":84},[48,33287,489],{"class":488},[48,33289,365],{"class":84},[48,33291,2152],{"class":488},[48,33293,3339],{"class":84},[48,33295,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33297,109],{"class":108},[48,33299,91],{"class":84},[48,33301,8050],{"class":87},[48,33303,32],{"class":84},[48,33305,5065],{"class":87},[48,33307,6902],{"class":84},[20,33309,33310,33311,33313],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33312,16788],{}," method.",[20,33315,33316],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[39,33318,33320],{"className":41,"code":33319,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33321,33322],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33323,33324,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33325,109],{"class":108},[48,33327,91],{"class":84},[48,33329,2921],{"class":1047},[48,33331,91],{"class":84},[48,33333,8050],{"class":87},[48,33335,1034],{"class":84},[20,33337,33338,33339,33341,33342,32],{},"If you get an ",[15,33340,25388],{},", see ",[224,33343,1179,33344,33346],{"href":25395},[15,33345,25398],{}," errors",[1200,33348,1398,33350,33352],{"id":33349},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33351,16788],{}," returns a list",[20,33354,33355],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[39,33357,33359],{"className":41,"code":33358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33360,33361,33397,33411,33415],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33362,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33364,12577],{"class":54},[48,33366,59],{"class":58},[48,33368,10203],{"class":84},[48,33370,94],{"class":62},[48,33372,7377],{"class":66},[48,33374,94],{"class":62},[48,33376,503],{"class":84},[48,33378,63],{"class":62},[48,33380,12594],{"class":66},[48,33382,94],{"class":62},[48,33384,365],{"class":84},[48,33386,63],{"class":62},[48,33388,9011],{"class":66},[48,33390,94],{"class":62},[48,33392,503],{"class":84},[48,33394,7500],{"class":488},[48,33396,9021],{"class":84},[48,33398,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33400,3528],{"class":54},[48,33402,59],{"class":58},[48,33404,12620],{"class":54},[48,33406,32],{"class":84},[48,33408,5065],{"class":87},[48,33410,8353],{"class":84},[48,33412,33413],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33414,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,33416,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,33418,109],{"class":108},[48,33420,91],{"class":84},[48,33422,2921],{"class":1047},[48,33424,91],{"class":84},[48,33426,5065],{"class":87},[48,33428,1034],{"class":84},[20,33430,1037],{},[39,33432,33434],{"className":41,"code":33433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33435,33436],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33437,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33439,2990],{"class":58},[48,33441,2993],{"class":1767},[48,33443,2996],{"class":62},[48,33445,16754],{"class":66},[48,33447,3001],{"class":62},[48,33449,3004],{"class":58},[20,33451,4855,33452,33454],{},[15,33453,16754],{},", not a list.",[20,33456,33457],{},"If you need a list:",[39,33459,33461],{"className":41,"code":33460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33462,33463],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33464,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33466,3528],{"class":54},[48,33468,59],{"class":58},[48,33470,22275],{"class":1047},[48,33472,91],{"class":84},[48,33474,13340],{"class":87},[48,33476,32],{"class":84},[48,33478,5065],{"class":87},[48,33480,6902],{"class":84},[1200,33482,33484,33485],{"id":33483},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33486,16754],{},[20,33488,33489],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[39,33491,33493],{"className":41,"code":33492,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33494,33495,33531,33545,33549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33496,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33498,12577],{"class":54},[48,33500,59],{"class":58},[48,33502,10203],{"class":84},[48,33504,94],{"class":62},[48,33506,7377],{"class":66},[48,33508,94],{"class":62},[48,33510,503],{"class":84},[48,33512,63],{"class":62},[48,33514,12594],{"class":66},[48,33516,94],{"class":62},[48,33518,365],{"class":84},[48,33520,63],{"class":62},[48,33522,9011],{"class":66},[48,33524,94],{"class":62},[48,33526,503],{"class":84},[48,33528,7500],{"class":488},[48,33530,9021],{"class":84},[48,33532,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33534,3528],{"class":54},[48,33536,59],{"class":58},[48,33538,12620],{"class":54},[48,33540,32],{"class":84},[48,33542,5065],{"class":87},[48,33544,8353],{"class":84},[48,33546,33547],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33548,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,33550,33551],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,33552,33553],{"class":129},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33555,33556],{},"Convert to a list first:",[39,33558,33560],{"className":41,"code":33559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33561,33562,33598,33616,33620],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33565,12577],{"class":54},[48,33567,59],{"class":58},[48,33569,10203],{"class":84},[48,33571,94],{"class":62},[48,33573,7377],{"class":66},[48,33575,94],{"class":62},[48,33577,503],{"class":84},[48,33579,63],{"class":62},[48,33581,12594],{"class":66},[48,33583,94],{"class":62},[48,33585,365],{"class":84},[48,33587,63],{"class":62},[48,33589,9011],{"class":66},[48,33591,94],{"class":62},[48,33593,503],{"class":84},[48,33595,7500],{"class":488},[48,33597,9021],{"class":84},[48,33599,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33601,3528],{"class":54},[48,33603,59],{"class":58},[48,33605,22275],{"class":1047},[48,33607,91],{"class":84},[48,33609,13340],{"class":87},[48,33611,32],{"class":84},[48,33613,5065],{"class":87},[48,33615,6902],{"class":84},[48,33617,33618],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33619,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,33621,33622,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,33623,109],{"class":108},[48,33625,91],{"class":84},[48,33627,5065],{"class":87},[48,33629,3605],{"class":84},[48,33631,578],{"class":488},[48,33633,3593],{"class":84},[1200,33635,758,33637,10804,33639],{"id":33636},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33638,5065],{},[15,33640,16788],{},[20,33642,33643],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[39,33645,33647],{"className":41,"code":33646,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33648,33649,33685,33689],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33650,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33652,12577],{"class":54},[48,33654,59],{"class":58},[48,33656,10203],{"class":84},[48,33658,94],{"class":62},[48,33660,7377],{"class":66},[48,33662,94],{"class":62},[48,33664,503],{"class":84},[48,33666,63],{"class":62},[48,33668,12594],{"class":66},[48,33670,94],{"class":62},[48,33672,365],{"class":84},[48,33674,63],{"class":62},[48,33676,9011],{"class":66},[48,33678,94],{"class":62},[48,33680,503],{"class":84},[48,33682,7500],{"class":488},[48,33684,9021],{"class":84},[48,33686,33687],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33688,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,33690,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33692,109],{"class":108},[48,33694,91],{"class":84},[48,33696,13340],{"class":87},[48,33698,32],{"class":84},[48,33700,5065],{"class":24466},[48,33702,102],{"class":84},[20,33704,33705,33708],{},[15,33706,33707],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33710,18412],{},[39,33712,33714],{"className":41,"code":33713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33715,33716],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33717,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33719,109],{"class":108},[48,33721,91],{"class":84},[48,33723,13340],{"class":87},[48,33725,32],{"class":84},[48,33727,5065],{"class":87},[48,33729,6902],{"class":84},[1200,33731,33733],{"id":33732},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33735,33736],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[39,33738,33740],{"className":41,"code":33739,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33741,33742,33774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33743,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33745,8877],{"class":54},[48,33747,59],{"class":58},[48,33749,10203],{"class":84},[48,33751,94],{"class":62},[48,33753,224],{"class":66},[48,33755,94],{"class":62},[48,33757,503],{"class":84},[48,33759,5204],{"class":488},[48,33761,365],{"class":84},[48,33763,63],{"class":62},[48,33765,4466],{"class":66},[48,33767,94],{"class":62},[48,33769,503],{"class":84},[48,33771,489],{"class":488},[48,33773,9021],{"class":84},[48,33775,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33777,109],{"class":108},[48,33779,91],{"class":84},[48,33781,8916],{"class":87},[48,33783,32],{"class":84},[48,33785,5065],{"class":87},[48,33787,6902],{"class":84},[20,33789,33790],{},"Not like this:",[39,33792,33794],{"className":41,"code":33793,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33795,33796,33801,33806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33797,33798],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33799,33800],{"class":129},"# Wrong examples:\n",[48,33802,33803],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33804,33805],{"class":129},"# data().values()\n",[48,33807,33808],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33809,33810],{"class":129},"# values(data)\n",[20,33812,3041],{},[39,33814,33816],{"className":41,"code":33815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33817,33818,33832,33842,33856],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,33819,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,33821,109],{"class":108},[48,33823,91],{"class":84},[48,33825,2921],{"class":1047},[48,33827,91],{"class":84},[48,33829,11161],{"class":87},[48,33831,1034],{"class":84},[48,33833,33834,33836,33838,33840],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,33835,109],{"class":108},[48,33837,91],{"class":84},[48,33839,11161],{"class":87},[48,33841,102],{"class":84},[48,33843,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,33845,109],{"class":108},[48,33847,91],{"class":84},[48,33849,11161],{"class":87},[48,33851,32],{"class":84},[48,33853,5065],{"class":87},[48,33855,6902],{"class":84},[48,33857,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,33859,109],{"class":108},[48,33861,91],{"class":84},[48,33863,7804],{"class":1047},[48,33865,91],{"class":84},[48,33867,11161],{"class":87},[48,33869,32],{"class":84},[48,33871,5065],{"class":87},[48,33873,5998],{"class":84},[34,33875,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,33877,4849,33879,4852],{"id":33878},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33880,32032],{},[20,33882,17139,33883,33885],{},[15,33884,16754],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1200,33887,12418,33889,23647],{"id":33888},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33890,16788],{},[20,33892,23650,33893,23654],{},[15,33894,33895],{},"list(...)",[1200,33897,25772,33899,1564],{"id":33898},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33900,32032],{},[20,33902,33903,33904,25780],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33905,5665],{},[1200,33907,12418,33909,33911],{"id":33908},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33910,32032],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33913,33914],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1200,33916,33918,33919,33921,33922,1564],{"id":33917},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33920,16788],{}," different from ",[15,33923,16795],{},[20,33925,33926,33928,33929,33931],{},[15,33927,16788],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33930,16795],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[34,33933,1599],{"id":1598},[162,33935,33936,33942,33948,33952,33958,33962],{},[165,33937,33938],{},[224,33939,10449,33940,754],{"href":16779},[15,33941,16782],{},[165,33943,33944],{},[224,33945,10449,33946,754],{"href":16792},[15,33947,16795],{},[165,33949,33950],{},[224,33951,10955],{"href":9103},[165,33953,33954],{},[224,33955,33957],{"href":33956},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[165,33959,33960],{},[224,33961,23732],{"href":32881},[165,33963,33964],{},[224,33965,1629,33966],{"href":25395},[15,33967,33968],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1633,33970,33971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":33973},[33974,33975,33977,33978,33980,33981,33982,33983,33985,33996,34008],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":32202,"depth":73,"text":33976},"What values() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":32272,"depth":73,"text":33979},"What values() returns",{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":32751,"depth":73,"text":32752},{"id":32884,"depth":73,"text":32885},{"id":33043,"depth":73,"text":33984},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":33986},[33987,33989,33991,33993,33995],{"id":33258,"depth":105,"text":33988},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33349,"depth":105,"text":33990},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33483,"depth":105,"text":33992},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33636,"depth":105,"text":33994},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33732,"depth":105,"text":33733},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":33997},[33998,34000,34002,34004,34006],{"id":33878,"depth":105,"text":33999},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33888,"depth":105,"text":34001},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33898,"depth":105,"text":34003},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33908,"depth":105,"text":34005},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33917,"depth":105,"text":34007},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32019,"description":34009},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34015,"title":34016,"body":34017,"description":35445,"extension":1666,"meta":35446,"navigation":122,"path":35447,"seo":35448,"stem":35449,"__hash__":35450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34018,"toc":35397},[34019,34025,34030,34033,34049,34058,34060,34092,34098,34101,34196,34199,34204,34209,34212,34223,34225,34239,34245,34247,34252,34258,34261,34300,34308,34313,34316,34361,34364,34376,34382,34388,34392,34423,34426,34444,34447,34451,34490,34492,34512,34515,34527,34532,34538,34541,34595,34598,34609,34612,34623,34626,34630,34636,34638,34668,34671,34686,34689,34692,34711,34714,34730,34739,34741,34772,34778,34783,34786,34793,34824,34827,34849,34852,34855,34869,34873,34904,34919,34926,34933,34937,34945,34949,34957,34960,35009,35020,35022,35025,35031,35036,35046,35050,35053,35056,35060,35063,35065,35086,35090,35096,35107,35113,35115,35121,35145,35148,35211,35214,35242,35245,35307,35309,35314,35317,35324,35332,35339,35342,35350,35356,35358,35385,35394],[10,34020,3277,34022,3281],{"id":34021},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34023,34024],{},"dir()",[20,34026,32029,34027,34029],{},[15,34028,34024],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34031,34032],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[162,34034,34035,34038,34041,34046],{},[165,34036,34037],{},"learning Python",[165,34039,34040],{},"exploring a new object",[165,34042,34043,34044],{},"debugging an ",[15,34045,25388],{},[165,34047,34048],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34050,34051,34052,34054,34055],{},"In short, ",[15,34053,34024],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[565,34056,34057],{},"“What can I use here?”",[34,34059,37],{"id":36},[39,34061,34063],{"className":41,"code":34062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34064,34065,34077],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34066,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34068,7587],{"class":54},[48,34070,59],{"class":58},[48,34072,63],{"class":62},[48,34074,1008],{"class":66},[48,34076,70],{"class":62},[48,34078,34079,34081,34083,34086,34088,34090],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34080,109],{"class":108},[48,34082,91],{"class":84},[48,34084,34085],{"class":108},"dir",[48,34087,91],{"class":84},[48,34089,7377],{"class":87},[48,34091,1034],{"class":84},[20,34093,139,34094,34097],{},[15,34095,34096],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34099,34100],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[39,34102,34104],{"className":41,"code":34103,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34105,34106],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34107,34108,34110,34112,34115,34117,34119,34121,34124,34126,34128,34130,34133,34135,34137,34139,34142,34144,34146,34148,34151,34153,34155,34157,34160,34162,34164,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34183,34185,34187,34189,34192,34194],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34109,3605],{"class":84},[48,34111,3001],{"class":62},[48,34113,34114],{"class":66},"__add__",[48,34116,3001],{"class":62},[48,34118,365],{"class":84},[48,34120,2996],{"class":62},[48,34122,34123],{"class":66},"__class__",[48,34125,3001],{"class":62},[48,34127,365],{"class":84},[48,34129,2996],{"class":62},[48,34131,34132],{"class":66},"__contains__",[48,34134,3001],{"class":62},[48,34136,365],{"class":84},[48,34138,2996],{"class":62},[48,34140,34141],{"class":66},"__delattr__",[48,34143,3001],{"class":62},[48,34145,365],{"class":84},[48,34147,2996],{"class":62},[48,34149,34150],{"class":66},"__dir__",[48,34152,3001],{"class":62},[48,34154,365],{"class":84},[48,34156,2996],{"class":62},[48,34158,34159],{"class":66},"__doc__",[48,34161,3001],{"class":62},[48,34163,365],{"class":84},[48,34165,34167],{"class":34166},"s_hVV"," ...",[48,34169,365],{"class":84},[48,34171,2996],{"class":62},[48,34173,8350],{"class":66},[48,34175,3001],{"class":62},[48,34177,365],{"class":84},[48,34179,2996],{"class":62},[48,34181,34182],{"class":66},"split",[48,34184,3001],{"class":62},[48,34186,365],{"class":84},[48,34188,2996],{"class":62},[48,34190,34191],{"class":66},"upper",[48,34193,3001],{"class":62},[48,34195,3339],{"class":84},[20,34197,34198],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[34,34200,148,34202,152],{"id":34201},"what-dir-does",[15,34203,34024],{},[20,34205,34206,34208],{},[15,34207,34024],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34210,34211],{},"It usually includes:",[162,34213,34214,34217,34220],{},[165,34215,34216],{},"attributes",[165,34218,34219],{},"methods",[165,34221,34222],{},"special Python names",[20,34224,11170],{},[162,34226,34227,34233,34236],{},[165,34228,34229,34230],{},"The result is a ",[565,34231,34232],{},"list of strings",[165,34234,34235],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[165,34237,34238],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34240,34241,34242,34244],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34243,34024],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[34,34246,340],{"id":339},[20,34248,34249,34251],{},[15,34250,34024],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1200,34253,34255,34257],{"id":34254},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34256,34024],{}," with no argument",[20,34259,34260],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[39,34262,34264],{"className":41,"code":34263,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34265,34266,34274,34286,34290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34267,34268,34270,34272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34269,2723],{"class":54},[48,34271,59],{"class":58},[48,34273,2286],{"class":488},[48,34275,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34277,7587],{"class":54},[48,34279,59],{"class":58},[48,34281,63],{"class":62},[48,34283,7386],{"class":66},[48,34285,70],{"class":62},[48,34287,34288],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,34289,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34291,34292,34294,34296,34298],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,34293,109],{"class":108},[48,34295,91],{"class":84},[48,34297,34085],{"class":108},[48,34299,6902],{"class":84},[20,34301,34302,34303,500,34305,34307],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34304,1873],{},[15,34306,7377],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1200,34309,34311],{"id":34310},"dirobject",[15,34312,34096],{},[20,34314,34315],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[39,34317,34319],{"className":41,"code":34318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34320,34321,34339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34322,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331,34333,34335,34337],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34324,109],{"class":108},[48,34326,91],{"class":84},[48,34328,34085],{"class":108},[48,34330,91],{"class":84},[48,34332,94],{"class":62},[48,34334,1008],{"class":66},[48,34336,94],{"class":62},[48,34338,1034],{"class":84},[48,34340,34341,34343,34345,34347,34349,34351,34353,34355,34357,34359],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34342,109],{"class":108},[48,34344,91],{"class":84},[48,34346,34085],{"class":108},[48,34348,2684],{"class":84},[48,34350,272],{"class":488},[48,34352,365],{"class":84},[48,34354,489],{"class":488},[48,34356,365],{"class":84},[48,34358,2152],{"class":488},[48,34360,2697],{"class":84},[20,34362,34363],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[162,34365,34366,34368,34370,34373],{},[165,34367,5015],{},[165,34369,5006],{},[165,34371,34372],{},"modules",[165,34374,34375],{},"custom objects",[34,34377,758,34379,34381],{"id":34378},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34380,34024],{}," with a value",[20,34383,34384,34385,34387],{},"A common use of ",[15,34386,34024],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1200,34389,34391],{"id":34390},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[39,34393,34395],{"className":41,"code":34394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34396,34397,34409],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34398,34399,34401,34403,34405,34407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34400,55],{"class":54},[48,34402,59],{"class":58},[48,34404,63],{"class":62},[48,34406,1008],{"class":66},[48,34408,70],{"class":62},[48,34410,34411,34413,34415,34417,34419,34421],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34412,109],{"class":108},[48,34414,91],{"class":84},[48,34416,34085],{"class":108},[48,34418,91],{"class":84},[48,34420,213],{"class":87},[48,34422,1034],{"class":84},[20,34424,34425],{},"You will see method names like:",[162,34427,34428,34432,34436,34440],{},[165,34429,34430],{},[15,34431,8350],{},[165,34433,34434],{},[15,34435,34191],{},[165,34437,34438],{},[15,34439,34182],{},[165,34441,34442],{},[15,34443,8344],{},[20,34445,34446],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1200,34448,34450],{"id":34449},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[39,34452,34454],{"className":41,"code":34453,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34455,34456,34476],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34457,34458,34460,34462,34464,34466,34468,34470,34472,34474],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34459,3321],{"class":54},[48,34461,59],{"class":58},[48,34463,3326],{"class":84},[48,34465,272],{"class":488},[48,34467,365],{"class":84},[48,34469,489],{"class":488},[48,34471,365],{"class":84},[48,34473,2152],{"class":488},[48,34475,3339],{"class":84},[48,34477,34478,34480,34482,34484,34486,34488],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34479,109],{"class":108},[48,34481,91],{"class":84},[48,34483,34085],{"class":108},[48,34485,91],{"class":84},[48,34487,3353],{"class":87},[48,34489,1034],{"class":84},[20,34491,34425],{},[162,34493,34494,34498,34502,34507],{},[165,34495,34496],{},[15,34497,13267],{},[165,34499,34500],{},[15,34501,25957],{},[165,34503,34504],{},[15,34505,34506],{},"remove",[165,34508,34509],{},[15,34510,34511],{},"sort",[20,34513,34514],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34516,34517,34518,34523,34524,34526],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[224,34519,34521],{"href":34520},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34522,2002],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34525,34024],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[34,34528,758,34530,34257],{"id":34529},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34531,34024],{},[20,34533,34534,34535,34537],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34536,34024],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34539,34540],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[39,34542,34544],{"className":41,"code":34543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34545,34546,34555,34559,34570,34581,34585],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34547,34548,34550,34552],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34549,2723],{"class":54},[48,34551,59],{"class":58},[48,34553,34554],{"class":488}," 5\n",[48,34556,34557],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34558,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34560,34561,34564,34568],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,34562,34563],{"class":1767},"def",[48,34565,34567],{"class":34566},"sGLFI"," greet",[48,34569,21311],{"class":84},[48,34571,34572,34575,34577,34579],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,34573,34574],{"class":1107},"    return",[48,34576,63],{"class":62},[48,34578,299],{"class":66},[48,34580,70],{"class":62},[48,34582,34583],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,34584,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34586,34587,34589,34591,34593],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,34588,109],{"class":108},[48,34590,91],{"class":84},[48,34592,34085],{"class":108},[48,34594,6902],{"class":84},[20,34596,34597],{},"The output will include names like:",[162,34599,34600,34604],{},[165,34601,34602],{},[15,34603,1873],{},[165,34605,34606],{},[15,34607,34608],{},"greet",[20,34610,34611],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[162,34613,34614,34617,34620],{},[165,34615,34616],{},"what variables exist",[165,34618,34619],{},"what functions you have defined",[165,34621,34622],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34624,34625],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[34,34627,34629],{"id":34628},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34631,34632,34633,34635],{},"When you first use ",[15,34634,34024],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34637,182],{},[39,34639,34640],{"className":41,"code":34394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,34641,34642,34654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34645,55],{"class":54},[48,34647,59],{"class":58},[48,34649,63],{"class":62},[48,34651,1008],{"class":66},[48,34653,70],{"class":62},[48,34655,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34657,109],{"class":108},[48,34659,91],{"class":84},[48,34661,34085],{"class":108},[48,34663,91],{"class":84},[48,34665,213],{"class":87},[48,34667,1034],{"class":84},[20,34669,34670],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[162,34672,34673,34677,34681],{},[165,34674,34675],{},[15,34676,34123],{},[165,34678,34679],{},[15,34680,34159],{},[165,34682,34683],{},[15,34684,34685],{},"__len__",[20,34687,34688],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34690,34691],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[162,34693,34694,34698,34702,34706],{},[165,34695,34696],{},[15,34697,34191],{},[165,34699,34700],{},[15,34701,8350],{},[165,34703,34704],{},[15,34705,34182],{},[165,34707,34708],{},[15,34709,34710],{},"replace",[20,34712,34713],{},"A key point to remember:",[162,34715,34716,34724],{},[165,34717,34718,34720,34721],{},[15,34719,34024],{}," lists ",[565,34722,34723],{},"names only",[165,34725,34726,34727,34729],{},"it does ",[565,34728,1055],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34731,34732,34733,32],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[224,34734,34736],{"href":34735},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34737,34738],{},"help()",[20,34740,5178],{},[39,34742,34744],{"className":41,"code":34743,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34745,34746,34758],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34747,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34749,7587],{"class":54},[48,34751,59],{"class":58},[48,34753,63],{"class":62},[48,34755,1008],{"class":66},[48,34757,70],{"class":62},[48,34759,34760,34762,34764,34766,34768,34770],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34761,31864],{"class":108},[48,34763,91],{"class":84},[48,34765,7377],{"class":87},[48,34767,32],{"class":84},[48,34769,34191],{"class":24466},[48,34771,102],{"class":84},[34,34773,34775,34777],{"id":34774},"dir-on-modules",[15,34776,34024],{}," on modules",[20,34779,15430,34780,34782],{},[15,34781,34024],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34784,34785],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1200,34787,34789,34790,34792],{"id":34788},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34791,18134],{}," module",[39,34794,34796],{"className":41,"code":34795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34797,34798,34806,34810],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34799,34800,34803],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34801,34802],{"class":1107},"import",[48,34804,34805],{"class":54}," math\n",[48,34807,34808],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34809,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34811,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,34813,109],{"class":108},[48,34815,91],{"class":84},[48,34817,34085],{"class":108},[48,34819,91],{"class":84},[48,34821,18134],{"class":87},[48,34823,1034],{"class":84},[20,34825,34826],{},"You may see names like:",[162,34828,34829,34834,34839,34844],{},[165,34830,34831],{},[15,34832,34833],{},"sqrt",[165,34835,34836],{},[15,34837,34838],{},"ceil",[165,34840,34841],{},[15,34842,34843],{},"floor",[165,34845,34846],{},[15,34847,34848],{},"pi",[20,34850,34851],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34853,34854],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[162,34856,34857,34863],{},[165,34858,34859],{},[224,34860,34862],{"href":34861},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[165,34864,34865],{},[224,34866,34868],{"href":34867},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1200,34870,34872],{"id":34871},"another-example","Another example",[39,34874,34876],{"className":41,"code":34875,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34877,34878,34885,34889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34879,34880,34882],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34881,34802],{"class":1107},[48,34883,34884],{"class":54}," json\n",[48,34886,34887],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34890,34891,34893,34895,34897,34899,34902],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,34892,109],{"class":108},[48,34894,91],{"class":84},[48,34896,34085],{"class":108},[48,34898,91],{"class":84},[48,34900,34901],{"class":87},"json",[48,34903,1034],{"class":84},[20,34905,34906,34907,1888,34910,1888,34913,16789,34916,32],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34908,34909],{},"dump",[15,34911,34912],{},"dumps",[15,34914,34915],{},"load",[15,34917,34918],{},"loads",[34,34920,34922,1188,34924],{"id":34921},"dir-vs-help",[15,34923,34024],{},[15,34925,34738],{},[20,34927,34928,500,34930,34932],{},[15,34929,34024],{},[15,34931,34738],{}," are often used together.",[1200,34934,34935],{"id":34085},[15,34936,34024],{},[162,34938,34939,34942],{},[165,34940,34941],{},"shows available names",[165,34943,34944],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1200,34946,34947],{"id":31864},[15,34948,34738],{},[162,34950,34951,34954],{},[165,34952,34953],{},"explains what an object or function does",[165,34955,34956],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34958,34959],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[39,34961,34963],{"className":41,"code":34962,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34964,34965,34977,34981,34995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,34966,34967,34969,34971,34973,34975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,34968,7587],{"class":54},[48,34970,59],{"class":58},[48,34972,63],{"class":62},[48,34974,1008],{"class":66},[48,34976,70],{"class":62},[48,34978,34979],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,34980,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,34982,34983,34985,34987,34989,34991,34993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,34984,109],{"class":108},[48,34986,91],{"class":84},[48,34988,34085],{"class":108},[48,34990,91],{"class":84},[48,34992,7377],{"class":87},[48,34994,1034],{"class":84},[48,34996,34997,34999,35001,35003,35005,35007],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,34998,31864],{"class":108},[48,35000,91],{"class":84},[48,35002,7377],{"class":87},[48,35004,32],{"class":84},[48,35006,34191],{"class":24466},[48,35008,102],{"class":84},[20,35010,139,35011,35013,35014,35016,35017,35019],{},[15,35012,34024],{}," first to find a method name.",[9558,35015],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35018,34738],{}," to understand how to use it.",[34,35021,25074],{"id":25073},[20,35023,35024],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1200,35026,35028,35030],{"id":35027},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35029,34024],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35032,35033,35035],{},[15,35034,34024],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35037,35038,35039,35041,35042,35045],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35040,34191],{}," in ",[15,35043,35044],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1200,35047,35049],{"id":35048},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35051,35052],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35054,35055],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1200,35057,35059],{"id":35058},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35061,35062],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35064,5178],{},[162,35066,35067,35072,35078],{},[165,35068,35069,35071],{},[15,35070,35044],{}," shows string-related names",[165,35073,35074,35077],{},[15,35075,35076],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[165,35079,35080,35083,35084,34792],{},[15,35081,35082],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35085,18134],{},[1200,35087,35089],{"id":35088},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35091,35092,35093,35095],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35094,34024],{}," does not mean you already know:",[162,35097,35098,35101,35104],{},[165,35099,35100],{},"what it does",[165,35102,35103],{},"what arguments it needs",[165,35105,35106],{},"what it returns",[20,35108,35109,35110,35112],{},"That is why ",[15,35111,34738],{}," is the natural next step.",[34,35114,1366],{"id":1365},[20,35116,35117,35118,35120],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35119,34024],{}," in these situations:",[162,35122,35123,35126,35135,35138],{},[165,35124,35125],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[165,35127,35128,35129,35134],{},"Seeing an ",[224,35130,35132],{"href":35131},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35133,25388],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[165,35136,35137],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[165,35139,758,35140,35142,35143],{},[15,35141,34024],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35144,34738],{},[20,35146,35147],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[39,35149,35151],{"className":41,"code":35150,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35152,35153,35165,35169,35183,35197],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35154,35155,35157,35159,35161,35163],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35156,7587],{"class":54},[48,35158,59],{"class":58},[48,35160,63],{"class":62},[48,35162,1008],{"class":66},[48,35164,70],{"class":62},[48,35166,35167],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35168,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35170,35171,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35172,109],{"class":108},[48,35174,91],{"class":84},[48,35176,2921],{"class":1047},[48,35178,91],{"class":84},[48,35180,7377],{"class":87},[48,35182,1034],{"class":84},[48,35184,35185,35187,35189,35191,35193,35195],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,35186,109],{"class":108},[48,35188,91],{"class":84},[48,35190,34085],{"class":108},[48,35192,91],{"class":84},[48,35194,7377],{"class":87},[48,35196,1034],{"class":84},[48,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35209],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,35200,31864],{"class":108},[48,35202,91],{"class":84},[48,35204,7377],{"class":87},[48,35206,32],{"class":84},[48,35208,34191],{"class":24466},[48,35210,102],{"class":84},[20,35212,35213],{},"And for modules:",[39,35215,35216],{"className":41,"code":34795,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,35217,35218,35224,35228],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35219,35220,35222],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35221,34802],{"class":1107},[48,35223,34805],{"class":54},[48,35225,35226],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35227,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35229,35230,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35231,109],{"class":108},[48,35233,91],{"class":84},[48,35235,34085],{"class":108},[48,35237,91],{"class":84},[48,35239,18134],{"class":87},[48,35241,1034],{"class":84},[20,35243,35244],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[39,35246,35248],{"className":41,"code":35247,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35249,35250,35255,35267,35277,35291,35297],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35251,35252],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35253,35254],{"class":54},"python\n",[48,35256,35257,35259,35261,35263,35265],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35258,7587],{"class":54},[48,35260,59],{"class":58},[48,35262,63],{"class":62},[48,35264,1008],{"class":66},[48,35266,70],{"class":62},[48,35268,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35270,34085],{"class":108},[48,35272,91],{"class":84},[48,35274,7377],{"class":87},[48,35276,102],{"class":84},[48,35278,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,35280,31864],{"class":108},[48,35282,91],{"class":84},[48,35284,7377],{"class":87},[48,35286,32],{"class":84},[48,35288,34191],{"class":24466},[48,35290,102],{"class":84},[48,35292,35293,35295],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,35294,34802],{"class":1107},[48,35296,34805],{"class":54},[48,35298,35299,35301,35303,35305],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,35300,34085],{"class":108},[48,35302,91],{"class":84},[48,35304,18134],{"class":87},[48,35306,102],{"class":84},[34,35308,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,35310,4849,35312,4852],{"id":35311},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35313,34024],{},[20,35315,35316],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1200,35318,1559,35320,500,35322,1564],{"id":35319},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35321,34024],{},[15,35323,34738],{},[20,35325,35326,35328,35329,35331],{},[15,35327,34024],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35330,34738],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1200,35333,35335,35336,35338],{"id":35334},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35337,34024],{}," output?",[20,35340,35341],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1200,35343,1579,35345,35347,35348,1564],{"id":35344},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35346,34024],{}," help fix ",[15,35349,25388],{},[20,35351,35352,35353,32],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[224,35354,35355],{"href":35131},"object has no attribute",[34,35357,1599],{"id":1598},[162,35359,35360,35366,35371,35375,35379],{},[165,35361,35362],{},[224,35363,3277,35364,3210],{"href":34735},[15,35365,34738],{},[165,35367,35368],{},[224,35369,35370],{"href":35131},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[165,35372,35373],{},[224,35374,34862],{"href":34861},[165,35376,35377],{},[224,35378,34868],{"href":34867},[165,35380,35381],{},[224,35382,3277,35383,3210],{"href":34520},[15,35384,2002],{},[20,35386,35387,35388,35390,35391,35393],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35389,34024],{}," together with ",[15,35392,34738],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1633,35395,35396],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":35398},[35399,35400,35402,35407,35412,35414,35415,35421,35426,35433,35434,35444],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":34201,"depth":73,"text":35401},"What dir() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":35403},[35404,35406],{"id":34254,"depth":105,"text":35405},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34310,"depth":105,"text":34096},{"id":34378,"depth":73,"text":35408,"children":35409},"Using dir() with a value",[35410,35411],{"id":34390,"depth":105,"text":34391},{"id":34449,"depth":105,"text":34450},{"id":34529,"depth":73,"text":35413},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34628,"depth":73,"text":34629},{"id":34774,"depth":73,"text":35416,"children":35417},"dir() on modules",[35418,35420],{"id":34788,"depth":105,"text":35419},"Example: math module",{"id":34871,"depth":105,"text":34872},{"id":34921,"depth":73,"text":35422,"children":35423},"dir() vs help()",[35424,35425],{"id":34085,"depth":105,"text":34024},{"id":31864,"depth":105,"text":34738},{"id":25073,"depth":73,"text":25074,"children":35427},[35428,35430,35431,35432],{"id":35027,"depth":105,"text":35429},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35048,"depth":105,"text":35049},{"id":35058,"depth":105,"text":35059},{"id":35088,"depth":105,"text":35089},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":35435},[35436,35438,35440,35442],{"id":35311,"depth":105,"text":35437},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35319,"depth":105,"text":35439},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35334,"depth":105,"text":35441},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35344,"depth":105,"text":35443},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34016,"description":35445},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35452,"title":35453,"body":35454,"description":37270,"extension":1666,"meta":37271,"navigation":122,"path":37272,"seo":37273,"stem":37274,"__hash__":37275},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35455,"toc":37239},[35456,35462,35467,35470,35478,35484,35486,35565,35567,35593,35598,35603,35608,35611,35622,35625,35627,35706,35708,35734,35741,35743,35745,35769,35772,35784,35789,35791,35872,35874,35900,35909,35914,35922,35928,35935,35938,35940,36019,36022,36079,36081,36118,36124,36129,36134,36137,36151,36153,36256,36258,36301,36310,36320,36327,36333,36340,36423,36425,36448,36451,36454,36456,36460,36464,36467,36530,36553,36556,36560,36566,36568,36635,36638,36715,36720,36726,36729,36732,36777,36779,36803,36808,36812,36817,36823,36886,36889,36891,36894,36919,36922,37057,37059,37160,37162,37167,37170,37176,37186,37194,37199,37205,37211,37213,37236],[10,35457,3277,35459,3281],{"id":35458},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35460,35461],{},"enumerate()",[20,35463,35464,35466],{},[15,35465,35461],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35468,35469],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[162,35471,35472,35475],{},[165,35473,35474],{},"the item itself",[165,35476,35477],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35479,35480,35481,35483],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35482,35461],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[34,35485,37],{"id":36},[39,35487,35489],{"className":41,"code":35488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35490,35491,35523,35527,35550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35492,35493,35495,35497,35499,35501,35503,35505,35507,35509,35511,35513,35515,35517,35519,35521],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35494,12789],{"class":54},[48,35496,59],{"class":58},[48,35498,3326],{"class":84},[48,35500,94],{"class":62},[48,35502,12806],{"class":66},[48,35504,94],{"class":62},[48,35506,365],{"class":84},[48,35508,63],{"class":62},[48,35510,17173],{"class":66},[48,35512,94],{"class":62},[48,35514,365],{"class":84},[48,35516,63],{"class":62},[48,35518,12823],{"class":66},[48,35520,94],{"class":62},[48,35522,3339],{"class":84},[48,35524,35525],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35526,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35528,35529,35531,35534,35536,35539,35541,35544,35546,35548],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35530,5665],{"class":1107},[48,35532,35533],{"class":54}," index",[48,35535,365],{"class":84},[48,35537,35538],{"class":54}," color ",[48,35540,3587],{"class":1107},[48,35542,35543],{"class":108}," enumerate",[48,35545,91],{"class":84},[48,35547,17220],{"class":87},[48,35549,8053],{"class":84},[48,35551,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560,35563],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,35553,1138],{"class":108},[48,35555,91],{"class":84},[48,35557,88],{"class":87},[48,35559,365],{"class":84},[48,35561,35562],{"class":87}," color",[48,35564,102],{"class":84},[20,35566,1037],{},[39,35568,35570],{"className":41,"code":35569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35571,35572,35579,35586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35573,35574,35576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35575,578],{"class":488},[48,35577,35578],{"class":54}," red\n",[48,35580,35581,35583],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35582,272],{"class":488},[48,35584,35585],{"class":54}," green\n",[48,35587,35588,35590],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35589,280],{"class":488},[48,35591,35592],{"class":54}," blue\n",[20,35594,139,35595,35597],{},[15,35596,35461],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[34,35599,148,35601,152],{"id":35600},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35602,35461],{},[20,35604,35605,35607],{},[15,35606,35461],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35609,35610],{},"It is commonly used with:",[162,35612,35613,35615,35617,35619],{},[165,35614,5006],{},[165,35616,5009],{},[165,35618,5015],{},[165,35620,35621],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35623,35624],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35626,182],{},[39,35628,35630],{"className":41,"code":35629,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35631,35632,35666,35670,35691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35633,35634,35636,35638,35640,35642,35644,35646,35648,35650,35653,35655,35657,35659,35662,35664],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35635,4701],{"class":54},[48,35637,59],{"class":58},[48,35639,3326],{"class":84},[48,35641,94],{"class":62},[48,35643,12594],{"class":66},[48,35645,94],{"class":62},[48,35647,365],{"class":84},[48,35649,63],{"class":62},[48,35651,35652],{"class":66},"Ben",[48,35654,94],{"class":62},[48,35656,365],{"class":84},[48,35658,63],{"class":62},[48,35660,35661],{"class":66},"Cara",[48,35663,94],{"class":62},[48,35665,3339],{"class":84},[48,35667,35668],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35669,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35671,35672,35674,35676,35678,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35673,5665],{"class":1107},[48,35675,35533],{"class":54},[48,35677,365],{"class":84},[48,35679,35680],{"class":54}," name ",[48,35682,3587],{"class":1107},[48,35684,35543],{"class":108},[48,35686,91],{"class":84},[48,35688,4745],{"class":87},[48,35690,8053],{"class":84},[48,35692,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35704],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,35694,1138],{"class":108},[48,35696,91],{"class":84},[48,35698,88],{"class":87},[48,35700,365],{"class":84},[48,35702,35703],{"class":87}," name",[48,35705,102],{"class":84},[20,35707,1037],{},[39,35709,35711],{"className":41,"code":35710,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35712,35713,35720,35727],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35714,35715,35717],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35716,578],{"class":488},[48,35718,35719],{"class":54}," Ana\n",[48,35721,35722,35724],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35723,272],{"class":488},[48,35725,35726],{"class":54}," Ben\n",[48,35728,35729,35731],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35730,280],{"class":488},[48,35732,35733],{"class":54}," Cara\n",[20,35735,35736,35737,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[224,35738,35740],{"href":35739},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[34,35742,340],{"id":339},[20,35744,343],{},[39,35746,35748],{"className":41,"code":35747,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35749,35750],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35751,35752,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35753,35754],{"class":108},"enumerate",[48,35756,91],{"class":84},[48,35758,3425],{"class":87},[48,35760,365],{"class":84},[48,35762,368],{"class":8887},[48,35764,59],{"class":58},[48,35766,578],{"class":488},[48,35768,102],{"class":84},[20,35770,35771],{},"It has two parts:",[162,35773,35774,35779],{},[165,35775,35776,35778],{},[15,35777,3425],{},": the object you want to loop through",[165,35780,35781,35783],{},[15,35782,390],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,35785,35786,35787,32],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35788,578],{},[20,35790,182],{},[39,35792,35794],{"className":41,"code":35793,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35795,35796,35829,35833,35856],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35797,35798,35801,35803,35805,35807,35809,35811,35813,35815,35817,35819,35821,35823,35825,35827],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35799,35800],{"class":54},"letters ",[48,35802,59],{"class":58},[48,35804,3326],{"class":84},[48,35806,94],{"class":62},[48,35808,224],{"class":66},[48,35810,94],{"class":62},[48,35812,365],{"class":84},[48,35814,63],{"class":62},[48,35816,4466],{"class":66},[48,35818,94],{"class":62},[48,35820,365],{"class":84},[48,35822,63],{"class":62},[48,35824,632],{"class":66},[48,35826,94],{"class":62},[48,35828,3339],{"class":84},[48,35830,35831],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35832,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35834,35835,35837,35840,35842,35845,35847,35849,35851,35854],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35836,5665],{"class":1107},[48,35838,35839],{"class":54}," i",[48,35841,365],{"class":84},[48,35843,35844],{"class":54}," letter ",[48,35846,3587],{"class":1107},[48,35848,35543],{"class":108},[48,35850,91],{"class":84},[48,35852,35853],{"class":87},"letters",[48,35855,8053],{"class":84},[48,35857,35858,35860,35862,35865,35867,35870],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,35859,1138],{"class":108},[48,35861,91],{"class":84},[48,35863,35864],{"class":87},"i",[48,35866,365],{"class":84},[48,35868,35869],{"class":87}," letter",[48,35871,102],{"class":84},[20,35873,1037],{},[39,35875,35877],{"className":41,"code":35876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35878,35879,35886,35893],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35880,35881,35883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35882,578],{"class":488},[48,35884,35885],{"class":54}," a\n",[48,35887,35888,35890],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35889,272],{"class":488},[48,35891,35892],{"class":54}," b\n",[48,35894,35895,35897],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35896,280],{"class":488},[48,35898,35899],{"class":54}," c\n",[20,35901,35902,35903,32],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[224,35904,3277,35906,3210],{"href":35905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35907,35908],{},"range()",[34,35910,148,35912,11418],{"id":35911},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35913,35461],{},[20,35915,35916,35918,35919,32],{},[15,35917,35461],{}," returns an ",[565,35920,35921],{},"enumerate object",[20,35923,35924,35925,35927],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35926,5665],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[162,35929,35930],{},[165,35931,35932],{},[15,35933,35934],{},"(index, item)",[20,35936,35937],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35939,182],{},[39,35941,35943],{"className":41,"code":35942,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35944,35945,35978,35982,36004],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,35946,35947,35950,35952,35954,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35972,35974,35976],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,35948,35949],{"class":54},"fruits ",[48,35951,59],{"class":58},[48,35953,3326],{"class":84},[48,35955,94],{"class":62},[48,35957,3785],{"class":66},[48,35959,94],{"class":62},[48,35961,365],{"class":84},[48,35963,63],{"class":62},[48,35965,198],{"class":66},[48,35967,94],{"class":62},[48,35969,365],{"class":84},[48,35971,63],{"class":62},[48,35973,32933],{"class":66},[48,35975,94],{"class":62},[48,35977,3339],{"class":84},[48,35979,35980],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,35981,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,35983,35984,35986,35988,35990,35993,35995,35997,35999,36002],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,35985,5665],{"class":1107},[48,35987,35533],{"class":54},[48,35989,365],{"class":84},[48,35991,35992],{"class":54}," fruit ",[48,35994,3587],{"class":1107},[48,35996,35543],{"class":108},[48,35998,91],{"class":84},[48,36000,36001],{"class":87},"fruits",[48,36003,8053],{"class":84},[48,36005,36006,36008,36010,36012,36014,36017],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36007,1138],{"class":108},[48,36009,91],{"class":84},[48,36011,88],{"class":87},[48,36013,365],{"class":84},[48,36015,36016],{"class":87}," fruit",[48,36018,102],{"class":84},[20,36020,36021],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[39,36023,36025],{"className":41,"code":36024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36026,36027,36047,36051,36069],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36028,36029,36031,36033,36035,36037,36039,36041,36043,36045],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36030,3321],{"class":54},[48,36032,59],{"class":58},[48,36034,3326],{"class":84},[48,36036,2031],{"class":488},[48,36038,365],{"class":84},[48,36040,7500],{"class":488},[48,36042,365],{"class":84},[48,36044,7505],{"class":488},[48,36046,3339],{"class":84},[48,36048,36049],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36050,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36052,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36054,1929],{"class":54},[48,36056,59],{"class":58},[48,36058,22275],{"class":1047},[48,36060,91],{"class":84},[48,36062,35754],{"class":108},[48,36064,91],{"class":84},[48,36066,3353],{"class":87},[48,36068,1034],{"class":84},[48,36070,36071,36073,36075,36077],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36072,109],{"class":108},[48,36074,91],{"class":84},[48,36076,1964],{"class":87},[48,36078,102],{"class":84},[20,36080,1037],{},[39,36082,36084],{"className":41,"code":36083,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36085,36086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36087,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104,36106,36108,36110,36112,36114,36116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36089,21456],{"class":84},[48,36091,578],{"class":488},[48,36093,365],{"class":84},[48,36095,5712],{"class":488},[48,36097,8945],{"class":84},[48,36099,8948],{"class":84},[48,36101,272],{"class":488},[48,36103,365],{"class":84},[48,36105,7500],{"class":488},[48,36107,8945],{"class":84},[48,36109,8948],{"class":84},[48,36111,280],{"class":488},[48,36113,365],{"class":84},[48,36115,7505],{"class":488},[48,36117,8961],{"class":84},[20,36119,36120,36121,36123],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36122,35461],{}," produces.",[34,36125,4667,36127],{"id":36126},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36128,35461],{},[20,36130,139,36131,36133],{},[15,36132,35461],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36135,36136],{},"Common cases:",[162,36138,36139,36142,36145,36148],{},[165,36140,36141],{},"printing numbered output",[165,36143,36144],{},"building menus",[165,36146,36147],{},"showing positions in a list",[165,36149,36150],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36152,182],{},[39,36154,36156],{"className":41,"code":36155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36157,36158,36193,36197,36227],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36159,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36171,36173,36175,36177,36180,36182,36184,36186,36189,36191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36161,29611],{"class":54},[48,36163,59],{"class":58},[48,36165,3326],{"class":84},[48,36167,94],{"class":62},[48,36169,36170],{"class":66},"Wash dishes",[48,36172,94],{"class":62},[48,36174,365],{"class":84},[48,36176,63],{"class":62},[48,36178,36179],{"class":66},"Study Python",[48,36181,94],{"class":62},[48,36183,365],{"class":84},[48,36185,63],{"class":62},[48,36187,36188],{"class":66},"Go for a walk",[48,36190,94],{"class":62},[48,36192,3339],{"class":84},[48,36194,36195],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36196,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36198,36199,36201,36203,36205,36208,36210,36212,36214,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36200,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36202,1896],{"class":54},[48,36204,365],{"class":84},[48,36206,36207],{"class":54}," task ",[48,36209,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36211,35543],{"class":108},[48,36213,91],{"class":84},[48,36215,36216],{"class":87},"tasks",[48,36218,365],{"class":84},[48,36220,368],{"class":8887},[48,36222,59],{"class":58},[48,36224,272],{"class":488},[48,36226,8053],{"class":84},[48,36228,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245,36247,36250,36252,36254],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36230,1138],{"class":108},[48,36232,91],{"class":84},[48,36234,22009],{"class":1767},[48,36236,94],{"class":66},[48,36238,8990],{"class":488},[48,36240,1939],{"class":87},[48,36242,22018],{"class":488},[48,36244,28029],{"class":66},[48,36246,8990],{"class":488},[48,36248,36249],{"class":87},"task",[48,36251,22018],{"class":488},[48,36253,94],{"class":66},[48,36255,102],{"class":84},[20,36257,1037],{},[39,36259,36261],{"className":41,"code":36260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36262,36263,36275,36287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36264,36265,36267,36269,36272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36266,272],{"class":488},[48,36268,32],{"class":84},[48,36270,36271],{"class":24466}," Wash",[48,36273,36274],{"class":54}," dishes\n",[48,36276,36277,36279,36281,36284],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36278,280],{"class":488},[48,36280,32],{"class":84},[48,36282,36283],{"class":24466}," Study",[48,36285,36286],{"class":54}," Python\n",[48,36288,36289,36291,36293,36296,36298],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36290,1764],{"class":488},[48,36292,32],{"class":84},[48,36294,36295],{"class":24466}," Go",[48,36297,3581],{"class":1107},[48,36299,36300],{"class":54}," a walk\n",[20,36302,36303,36304,36306,36307,32],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36305,35461],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36308,36309],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36311,36312,36313,32],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[224,36314,36316,36317,36319],{"href":36315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36318,35461],{}," in Python",[34,36321,36323,36324,36326],{"id":36322},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36325,390],{}," argument",[20,36328,36329,36330,36332],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36331,390],{}," argument.",[20,36334,36335,36336,10804,36338,503],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36337,272],{},[15,36339,578],{},[39,36341,36343],{"className":41,"code":36342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36344,36345,36377,36381,36409],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36346,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355,36357,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36348,12789],{"class":54},[48,36350,59],{"class":58},[48,36352,3326],{"class":84},[48,36354,94],{"class":62},[48,36356,12806],{"class":66},[48,36358,94],{"class":62},[48,36360,365],{"class":84},[48,36362,63],{"class":62},[48,36364,17173],{"class":66},[48,36366,94],{"class":62},[48,36368,365],{"class":84},[48,36370,63],{"class":62},[48,36372,12823],{"class":66},[48,36374,94],{"class":62},[48,36376,3339],{"class":84},[48,36378,36379],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36380,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36382,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36407],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36384,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36386,35533],{"class":54},[48,36388,365],{"class":84},[48,36390,35538],{"class":54},[48,36392,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36394,35543],{"class":108},[48,36396,91],{"class":84},[48,36398,17220],{"class":87},[48,36400,365],{"class":84},[48,36402,368],{"class":8887},[48,36404,59],{"class":58},[48,36406,272],{"class":488},[48,36408,8053],{"class":84},[48,36410,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36412,1138],{"class":108},[48,36414,91],{"class":84},[48,36416,88],{"class":87},[48,36418,365],{"class":84},[48,36420,35562],{"class":87},[48,36422,102],{"class":84},[20,36424,1037],{},[39,36426,36428],{"className":41,"code":36427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36429,36430,36436,36442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36431,36432,36434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36433,272],{"class":488},[48,36435,35578],{"class":54},[48,36437,36438,36440],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36439,280],{"class":488},[48,36441,35585],{"class":54},[48,36443,36444,36446],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36445,1764],{"class":488},[48,36447,35592],{"class":54},[20,36449,36450],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36452,36453],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[34,36455,25074],{"id":25073},[20,36457,25077,36458,32],{},[15,36459,35461],{},[1200,36461,36463],{"id":36462},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36465,36466],{},"In this loop:",[39,36468,36470],{"className":41,"code":36469,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36471,36472,36492,36496,36516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36473,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36475,3321],{"class":54},[48,36477,59],{"class":58},[48,36479,3326],{"class":84},[48,36481,2031],{"class":488},[48,36483,365],{"class":84},[48,36485,7500],{"class":488},[48,36487,365],{"class":84},[48,36489,7505],{"class":488},[48,36491,3339],{"class":84},[48,36493,36494],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36495,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36497,36498,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36499,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36501,35533],{"class":54},[48,36503,365],{"class":84},[48,36505,21300],{"class":54},[48,36507,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36509,35543],{"class":108},[48,36511,91],{"class":84},[48,36513,3353],{"class":87},[48,36515,8053],{"class":84},[48,36517,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36519,1138],{"class":108},[48,36521,91],{"class":84},[48,36523,88],{"class":87},[48,36525,365],{"class":84},[48,36527,8144],{"class":87},[48,36529,102],{"class":84},[162,36531,36532,36542],{},[165,36533,36534,4489,36536,1888,36538,1888,36540],{},[15,36535,88],{},[15,36537,578],{},[15,36539,272],{},[15,36541,280],{},[165,36543,36544,4489,36546,1888,36548,1888,36550],{},[15,36545,362],{},[15,36547,2031],{},[15,36549,15470],{},[15,36551,36552],{},"30",[20,36554,36555],{},"These are different things.",[1200,36557,36559],{"id":36558},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36561,36562,36563,36565],{},"Each item from ",[15,36564,35461],{}," is a pair.",[20,36567,6395],{},[39,36569,36571],{"className":41,"code":36570,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36572,36573,36597,36601,36621],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36574,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36576,7489],{"class":54},[48,36578,59],{"class":58},[48,36580,3326],{"class":84},[48,36582,94],{"class":62},[48,36584,1873],{"class":66},[48,36586,94],{"class":62},[48,36588,365],{"class":84},[48,36590,63],{"class":62},[48,36592,11458],{"class":66},[48,36594,94],{"class":62},[48,36596,3339],{"class":84},[48,36598,36599],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36600,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36602,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615,36617,36619],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36604,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36606,35839],{"class":54},[48,36608,365],{"class":84},[48,36610,5668],{"class":54},[48,36612,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36614,35543],{"class":108},[48,36616,91],{"class":84},[48,36618,7520],{"class":87},[48,36620,8053],{"class":84},[48,36622,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36624,1138],{"class":108},[48,36626,91],{"class":84},[48,36628,35864],{"class":87},[48,36630,365],{"class":84},[48,36632,29222],{"class":87},[48,36634,102],{"class":84},[20,36636,36637],{},"But this causes an error:",[39,36639,36641],{"className":41,"code":36640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36642,36643,36667,36671,36696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36644,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36646,7489],{"class":54},[48,36648,59],{"class":58},[48,36650,3326],{"class":84},[48,36652,94],{"class":62},[48,36654,1873],{"class":66},[48,36656,94],{"class":62},[48,36658,365],{"class":84},[48,36660,63],{"class":62},[48,36662,11458],{"class":66},[48,36664,94],{"class":62},[48,36666,3339],{"class":84},[48,36668,36669],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36670,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36672,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36686,36688,36690,36692,36694],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36674,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36676,35839],{"class":54},[48,36678,365],{"class":84},[48,36680,29222],{"class":54},[48,36682,365],{"class":84},[48,36684,36685],{"class":54}," extra ",[48,36687,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36689,35543],{"class":108},[48,36691,91],{"class":84},[48,36693,7520],{"class":87},[48,36695,8053],{"class":84},[48,36697,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36713],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36699,1138],{"class":108},[48,36701,91],{"class":84},[48,36703,35864],{"class":87},[48,36705,365],{"class":84},[48,36707,29222],{"class":87},[48,36709,365],{"class":84},[48,36711,36712],{"class":87}," extra",[48,36714,102],{"class":84},[20,36716,28776,36717,36719],{},[15,36718,35461],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1200,36721,36723,36725],{"id":36722},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36724,35461],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36727,36728],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36730,36731],{},"Example with a string:",[39,36733,36735],{"className":41,"code":36734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36736,36737,36762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36738,36739,36741,36743,36745,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36740,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36742,35533],{"class":54},[48,36744,365],{"class":84},[48,36746,36747],{"class":54}," char ",[48,36749,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36751,35543],{"class":108},[48,36753,91],{"class":84},[48,36755,94],{"class":62},[48,36757,607],{"class":66},[48,36759,94],{"class":62},[48,36761,8053],{"class":84},[48,36763,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36775],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36765,1138],{"class":108},[48,36767,91],{"class":84},[48,36769,88],{"class":87},[48,36771,365],{"class":84},[48,36773,36774],{"class":87}," char",[48,36776,102],{"class":84},[20,36778,1037],{},[39,36780,36782],{"className":41,"code":36781,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36783,36784,36790,36796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36785,36786,36788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36787,578],{"class":488},[48,36789,35899],{"class":54},[48,36791,36792,36794],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36793,272],{"class":488},[48,36795,35885],{"class":54},[48,36797,36798,36800],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36799,280],{"class":488},[48,36801,36802],{"class":54}," t\n",[20,36804,36805,36806,32],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[224,36807,4843],{"href":5293},[1200,36809,36811],{"id":36810},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36813,36814,36815,32],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36816,35461],{},[20,36818,36819,36820,36822],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36821,5665],{}," loop:",[39,36824,36826],{"className":41,"code":36825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36827,36828,36860,36864,36876],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36829,36830,36832,36834,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36831,12789],{"class":54},[48,36833,59],{"class":58},[48,36835,3326],{"class":84},[48,36837,94],{"class":62},[48,36839,12806],{"class":66},[48,36841,94],{"class":62},[48,36843,365],{"class":84},[48,36845,63],{"class":62},[48,36847,17173],{"class":66},[48,36849,94],{"class":62},[48,36851,365],{"class":84},[48,36853,63],{"class":62},[48,36855,12823],{"class":66},[48,36857,94],{"class":62},[48,36859,3339],{"class":84},[48,36861,36862],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36863,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,36865,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36867,5665],{"class":1107},[48,36869,35538],{"class":54},[48,36871,3587],{"class":1107},[48,36873,12837],{"class":54},[48,36875,1110],{"class":84},[48,36877,36878,36880,36882,36884],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,36879,1138],{"class":108},[48,36881,91],{"class":84},[48,36883,32603],{"class":87},[48,36885,102],{"class":84},[20,36887,36888],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[34,36890,1366],{"id":1365},[20,36892,36893],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[162,36895,36896,36901,36907,36912],{},[165,36897,22816,36898,36900],{},[15,36899,35461],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[165,36902,36903,36904,36906],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36905,578],{}," by default",[165,36908,758,36909,36911],{},[15,36910,35461],{}," when only values are needed",[165,36913,36914,36915,8415,36917],{},"Confusing ",[15,36916,35461],{},[15,36918,35908],{},[20,36920,36921],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[39,36923,36925],{"className":41,"code":36924,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36926,36927,36949,36976,37010,37043],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,36928,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,36930,109],{"class":108},[48,36932,91],{"class":84},[48,36934,35754],{"class":108},[48,36936,2684],{"class":84},[48,36938,2031],{"class":488},[48,36940,365],{"class":84},[48,36942,7500],{"class":488},[48,36944,365],{"class":84},[48,36946,7505],{"class":488},[48,36948,2697],{"class":84},[48,36950,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36971,36973],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,36952,109],{"class":108},[48,36954,91],{"class":84},[48,36956,7804],{"class":1047},[48,36958,91],{"class":84},[48,36960,35754],{"class":108},[48,36962,2684],{"class":84},[48,36964,2031],{"class":488},[48,36966,365],{"class":84},[48,36968,7500],{"class":488},[48,36970,365],{"class":84},[48,36972,7505],{"class":488},[48,36974,36975],{"class":84},"])))\n",[48,36977,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,36979,109],{"class":108},[48,36981,91],{"class":84},[48,36983,7804],{"class":1047},[48,36985,91],{"class":84},[48,36987,35754],{"class":108},[48,36989,2684],{"class":84},[48,36991,2031],{"class":488},[48,36993,365],{"class":84},[48,36995,7500],{"class":488},[48,36997,365],{"class":84},[48,36999,7505],{"class":488},[48,37001,17780],{"class":84},[48,37003,368],{"class":8887},[48,37005,59],{"class":58},[48,37007,272],{"class":488},[48,37009,2610],{"class":84},[48,37011,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37013,5665],{"class":1107},[48,37015,35839],{"class":54},[48,37017,365],{"class":84},[48,37019,21300],{"class":54},[48,37021,3587],{"class":1107},[48,37023,35543],{"class":108},[48,37025,2684],{"class":84},[48,37027,3001],{"class":62},[48,37029,224],{"class":66},[48,37031,3001],{"class":62},[48,37033,365],{"class":84},[48,37035,2996],{"class":62},[48,37037,4466],{"class":66},[48,37039,3001],{"class":62},[48,37041,37042],{"class":84},"]):\n",[48,37044,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,37046,1138],{"class":108},[48,37048,91],{"class":84},[48,37050,35864],{"class":87},[48,37052,365],{"class":84},[48,37054,8144],{"class":87},[48,37056,102],{"class":84},[20,37058,16675],{},[39,37060,37062],{"className":41,"code":37061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37063,37064,37084,37116,37148,37154],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37065,37066,37068,37070,37072,37075,37079,37082],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37067,2990],{"class":58},[48,37069,35754],{"class":108},[48,37071,24333],{"class":1047},[48,37073,37074],{"class":54}," at ",[48,37076,37078],{"class":37077},"srjyR","0x",[48,37080,37081],{"class":34166},"...",[48,37083,3004],{"class":58},[48,37085,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37112,37114],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37087,21456],{"class":84},[48,37089,578],{"class":488},[48,37091,365],{"class":84},[48,37093,5712],{"class":488},[48,37095,8945],{"class":84},[48,37097,8948],{"class":84},[48,37099,272],{"class":488},[48,37101,365],{"class":84},[48,37103,7500],{"class":488},[48,37105,8945],{"class":84},[48,37107,8948],{"class":84},[48,37109,280],{"class":488},[48,37111,365],{"class":84},[48,37113,7505],{"class":488},[48,37115,8961],{"class":84},[48,37117,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37119,21456],{"class":84},[48,37121,272],{"class":488},[48,37123,365],{"class":84},[48,37125,5712],{"class":488},[48,37127,8945],{"class":84},[48,37129,8948],{"class":84},[48,37131,280],{"class":488},[48,37133,365],{"class":84},[48,37135,7500],{"class":488},[48,37137,8945],{"class":84},[48,37139,8948],{"class":84},[48,37141,1764],{"class":488},[48,37143,365],{"class":84},[48,37145,7505],{"class":488},[48,37147,8961],{"class":84},[48,37149,37150,37152],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37151,578],{"class":488},[48,37153,35885],{"class":54},[48,37155,37156,37158],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,37157,272],{"class":488},[48,37159,35892],{"class":54},[34,37161,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,37163,4849,37165,4852],{"id":37164},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37166,35461],{},[20,37168,37169],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1200,37171,12418,37173,37175],{"id":37172},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37174,35461],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37177,37178,37179,37181,37182,37185],{},"It starts at ",[15,37180,578],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37183,37184],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1200,37187,21136,37189,10804,37191,1564],{"id":37188},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37190,35461],{},[15,37192,37193],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37195,36303,37196,37198],{},[15,37197,35461],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1200,37200,1579,37202,37204],{"id":37201},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37203,35461],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37206,37207,37208,37210],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37209,35461],{}," can return each character with its index.",[34,37212,1599],{"id":1598},[162,37214,37215,37219,37225,37232],{},[165,37216,37217],{},[224,37218,35740],{"href":35739},[165,37220,37221],{},[224,37222,3277,37223,3210],{"href":35905},[15,37224,35908],{},[165,37226,37227],{},[224,37228,37229,37230,36319],{"href":36315},"How to use ",[15,37231,35461],{},[165,37233,37234],{},[224,37235,4922],{"href":5293},[1633,37237,37238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":37240},[37241,37242,37244,37245,37247,37249,37251,37258,37259,37269],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":35600,"depth":73,"text":37243},"What enumerate() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":35911,"depth":73,"text":37246},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36126,"depth":73,"text":37248},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36322,"depth":73,"text":37250},"Using the start argument",{"id":25073,"depth":73,"text":25074,"children":37252},[37253,37254,37255,37257],{"id":36462,"depth":105,"text":36463},{"id":36558,"depth":105,"text":36559},{"id":36722,"depth":105,"text":37256},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36810,"depth":105,"text":36811},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":37260},[37261,37263,37265,37267],{"id":37164,"depth":105,"text":37262},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37172,"depth":105,"text":37264},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37188,"depth":105,"text":37266},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37201,"depth":105,"text":37268},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35453,"description":37270},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37277,"title":37278,"body":37279,"description":39793,"extension":1666,"meta":39794,"navigation":122,"path":39795,"seo":39796,"stem":39797,"__hash__":39798},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37280,"toc":39750},[37281,37287,37292,37295,37303,37317,37319,37410,37418,37423,37428,37430,37446,37448,37527,37529,37546,37552,37556,37558,37579,37583,37586,37598,37602,37605,37608,37625,37628,37704,37706,37723,37728,37730,37738,37741,37756,37758,37847,37849,37894,37897,37901,37904,37983,37985,38007,38010,38017,38022,38025,38128,38130,38155,38158,38165,38171,38176,38179,38190,38296,38298,38319,38327,38334,38340,38359,38364,38367,38386,38388,38473,38475,38504,38507,38512,38517,38520,38531,38533,38622,38624,38644,38650,38756,38758,38778,38781,38865,38867,38887,38894,38896,38900,38906,38909,38966,38969,38972,39033,39042,39045,39048,39076,39079,39139,39141,39158,39162,39165,39243,39245,39265,39268,39343,39347,39350,39352,39361,39366,39368,39419,39427,39439,39444,39505,39507,39524,39528,39591,39593,39618,39626,39628,39634,39640,39647,39655,39661,39664,39671,39681,39687,39693,39696,39713,39719,39721,39747],[10,37282,3277,37284,3281],{"id":37283},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37285,37286],{},"filter()",[20,37288,37289,37291],{},[15,37290,37286],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37293,37294],{},"It takes:",[162,37296,37297,37300],{},[165,37298,37299],{},"a function that checks each item",[165,37301,37302],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37304,37305,37306,37309,37310,37313,37314,37316],{},"The result is ",[565,37307,37308],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37311,37312],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37315,24497],{}," to see the values.",[34,37318,37],{"id":36},[39,37320,37322],{"className":41,"code":37321,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37323,37324,37357,37393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37325,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37327,3321],{"class":54},[48,37329,59],{"class":58},[48,37331,3326],{"class":84},[48,37333,272],{"class":488},[48,37335,365],{"class":84},[48,37337,489],{"class":488},[48,37339,365],{"class":84},[48,37341,2152],{"class":488},[48,37343,365],{"class":84},[48,37345,878],{"class":488},[48,37347,365],{"class":84},[48,37349,549],{"class":488},[48,37351,365],{"class":84},[48,37353,37354],{"class":488}," 6",[48,37356,3339],{"class":84},[48,37358,37359,37361,37363,37366,37368,37371,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37360,1929],{"class":54},[48,37362,59],{"class":58},[48,37364,37365],{"class":108}," filter",[48,37367,91],{"class":84},[48,37369,37370],{"class":1767},"lambda",[48,37372,37374],{"class":37373},"sFwrP"," x",[48,37376,503],{"class":84},[48,37378,3584],{"class":87},[48,37380,6111],{"class":58},[48,37382,489],{"class":488},[48,37384,6116],{"class":58},[48,37386,961],{"class":488},[48,37388,365],{"class":84},[48,37390,3969],{"class":87},[48,37392,102],{"class":84},[48,37394,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37396,109],{"class":108},[48,37398,91],{"class":84},[48,37400,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37402,91],{"class":84},[48,37404,1964],{"class":87},[48,37406,229],{"class":84},[48,37408,37409],{"class":129},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37411,37412,37414,37415,37417],{},[15,37413,37286],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37416,24497],{}," to see the results.",[34,37419,148,37421,152],{"id":37420},"what-filter-does",[15,37422,37286],{},[20,37424,37425,37427],{},[15,37426,37286],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37429,570],{},[162,37431,37432,37435,37441],{},[165,37433,37434],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[165,37436,37437,37438,37440],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37439,3306],{},", the item is kept",[165,37442,37437,37443,37445],{},[15,37444,3379],{},", the item is removed",[20,37447,182],{},[39,37449,37451],{"className":41,"code":37450,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37452,37453,37481,37485,37513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37454,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37456,3321],{"class":54},[48,37458,59],{"class":58},[48,37460,3326],{"class":84},[48,37462,272],{"class":488},[48,37464,365],{"class":84},[48,37466,489],{"class":488},[48,37468,365],{"class":84},[48,37470,2152],{"class":488},[48,37472,365],{"class":84},[48,37474,878],{"class":488},[48,37476,365],{"class":84},[48,37478,549],{"class":488},[48,37480,3339],{"class":84},[48,37482,37483],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37484,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,37486,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37488,1929],{"class":54},[48,37490,59],{"class":58},[48,37492,37365],{"class":108},[48,37494,91],{"class":84},[48,37496,37370],{"class":1767},[48,37498,37374],{"class":37373},[48,37500,503],{"class":84},[48,37502,3584],{"class":87},[48,37504,3958],{"class":58},[48,37506,2152],{"class":488},[48,37508,365],{"class":84},[48,37510,3969],{"class":87},[48,37512,102],{"class":84},[48,37514,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37516,109],{"class":108},[48,37518,91],{"class":84},[48,37520,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37522,91],{"class":84},[48,37524,1964],{"class":87},[48,37526,1034],{"class":84},[20,37528,1037],{},[39,37530,37532],{"className":41,"code":37531,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37533,37534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37535,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37537,3605],{"class":84},[48,37539,907],{"class":488},[48,37541,365],{"class":84},[48,37543,549],{"class":488},[48,37545,3339],{"class":84},[20,37547,37548,37549,37551],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37550,1764],{}," are kept.",[34,37553,37555],{"id":37554},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37557,343],{},[39,37559,37561],{"className":41,"code":37560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37562,37563],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37564,37565,37567,37569,37572,37574,37577],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37566,37312],{"class":108},[48,37568,91],{"class":84},[48,37570,37571],{"class":87},"function",[48,37573,365],{"class":84},[48,37575,37576],{"class":87}," iterable",[48,37578,102],{"class":84},[1200,37580,37581],{"id":37571},[15,37582,37571],{},[20,37584,37585],{},"This is the test function.",[162,37587,37588,37591],{},[165,37589,37590],{},"It receives one item at a time",[165,37592,37593,37594,1358,37596],{},"It should return ",[15,37595,3306],{},[15,37597,3379],{},[1200,37599,37600],{"id":3425},[15,37601,3425],{},[20,37603,37604],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37606,37607],{},"It can be:",[162,37609,37610,37613,37616,37619,37622],{},[165,37611,37612],{},"a list",[165,37614,37615],{},"a tuple",[165,37617,37618],{},"a string",[165,37620,37621],{},"a set",[165,37623,37624],{},"another iterable object",[20,37626,37627],{},"Example with a tuple:",[39,37629,37631],{"className":41,"code":37630,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37632,37633,37658,37662,37690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37634,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37636,3321],{"class":54},[48,37638,59],{"class":58},[48,37640,8948],{"class":84},[48,37642,2031],{"class":488},[48,37644,365],{"class":84},[48,37646,37647],{"class":488}," 15",[48,37649,365],{"class":84},[48,37651,7500],{"class":488},[48,37653,365],{"class":84},[48,37655,9018],{"class":488},[48,37657,102],{"class":84},[48,37659,37660],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37661,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,37663,37664,37666,37668,37670,37672,37674,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37665,1929],{"class":54},[48,37667,59],{"class":58},[48,37669,37365],{"class":108},[48,37671,91],{"class":84},[48,37673,37370],{"class":1767},[48,37675,37374],{"class":37373},[48,37677,503],{"class":84},[48,37679,3584],{"class":87},[48,37681,4805],{"class":58},[48,37683,7500],{"class":488},[48,37685,365],{"class":84},[48,37687,3969],{"class":87},[48,37689,102],{"class":84},[48,37691,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37693,109],{"class":108},[48,37695,91],{"class":84},[48,37697,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37699,91],{"class":84},[48,37701,1964],{"class":87},[48,37703,1034],{"class":84},[20,37705,1037],{},[39,37707,37709],{"className":41,"code":37708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37710,37711],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37712,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37714,3605],{"class":84},[48,37716,15470],{"class":488},[48,37718,365],{"class":84},[48,37720,9018],{"class":488},[48,37722,3339],{"class":84},[20,37724,37725,37726,32],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[224,37727,4843],{"href":5293},[34,37729,557],{"id":556},[20,37731,37732,37733,21691,37735,32],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37734,37286],{},[565,37736,37737],{},"filter object",[20,37739,37740],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[162,37742,37743,37746,37751],{},[165,37744,37745],{},"loop through it",[165,37747,37748,37749],{},"convert it with ",[15,37750,24497],{},[165,37752,37748,37753],{},[15,37754,37755],{},"tuple()",[20,37757,182],{},[39,37759,37761],{"className":41,"code":37760,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37762,37763,37805,37809,37819,37833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37764,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37766,1929],{"class":54},[48,37768,59],{"class":58},[48,37770,37365],{"class":108},[48,37772,91],{"class":84},[48,37774,37370],{"class":1767},[48,37776,37374],{"class":37373},[48,37778,503],{"class":84},[48,37780,3584],{"class":87},[48,37782,3958],{"class":58},[48,37784,489],{"class":488},[48,37786,365],{"class":84},[48,37788,3326],{"class":84},[48,37790,272],{"class":488},[48,37792,365],{"class":84},[48,37794,489],{"class":488},[48,37796,365],{"class":84},[48,37798,2152],{"class":488},[48,37800,365],{"class":84},[48,37802,878],{"class":488},[48,37804,3593],{"class":84},[48,37806,37807],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37808,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,37810,37811,37813,37815,37817],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37812,109],{"class":108},[48,37814,91],{"class":84},[48,37816,1964],{"class":87},[48,37818,102],{"class":84},[48,37820,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37822,109],{"class":108},[48,37824,91],{"class":84},[48,37826,2921],{"class":1047},[48,37828,91],{"class":84},[48,37830,1964],{"class":87},[48,37832,1034],{"class":84},[48,37834,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,37836,109],{"class":108},[48,37838,91],{"class":84},[48,37840,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37842,91],{"class":84},[48,37844,1964],{"class":87},[48,37846,1034],{"class":84},[20,37848,1037],{},[39,37850,37852],{"className":41,"code":37851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37853,37854,37868,37882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37855,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37857,2990],{"class":58},[48,37859,37312],{"class":108},[48,37861,24333],{"class":1047},[48,37863,37074],{"class":54},[48,37865,37081],{"class":34166},[48,37867,3004],{"class":58},[48,37869,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37871,2990],{"class":58},[48,37873,2993],{"class":1767},[48,37875,2996],{"class":62},[48,37877,37312],{"class":66},[48,37879,3001],{"class":62},[48,37881,3004],{"class":58},[48,37883,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37885,3605],{"class":84},[48,37887,1764],{"class":488},[48,37889,365],{"class":84},[48,37891,878],{"class":488},[48,37893,3339],{"class":84},[20,37895,37896],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1200,37898,37900],{"id":37899},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37902,37903],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[39,37905,37907],{"className":41,"code":37906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37908,37909,37951,37955,37969],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37910,37911,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37912,1929],{"class":54},[48,37914,59],{"class":58},[48,37916,37365],{"class":108},[48,37918,91],{"class":84},[48,37920,37370],{"class":1767},[48,37922,37374],{"class":37373},[48,37924,503],{"class":84},[48,37926,3584],{"class":87},[48,37928,3958],{"class":58},[48,37930,489],{"class":488},[48,37932,365],{"class":84},[48,37934,3326],{"class":84},[48,37936,272],{"class":488},[48,37938,365],{"class":84},[48,37940,489],{"class":488},[48,37942,365],{"class":84},[48,37944,2152],{"class":488},[48,37946,365],{"class":84},[48,37948,878],{"class":488},[48,37950,3593],{"class":84},[48,37952,37953],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,37954,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,37956,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,37958,109],{"class":108},[48,37960,91],{"class":84},[48,37962,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37964,91],{"class":84},[48,37966,1964],{"class":87},[48,37968,1034],{"class":84},[48,37970,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,37972,109],{"class":108},[48,37974,91],{"class":84},[48,37976,7804],{"class":1047},[48,37978,91],{"class":84},[48,37980,1964],{"class":87},[48,37982,1034],{"class":84},[20,37984,1037],{},[39,37986,37988],{"className":41,"code":37987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37989,37990,38002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,37991,37992,37994,37996,37998,38000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,37993,3605],{"class":84},[48,37995,1764],{"class":488},[48,37997,365],{"class":84},[48,37999,878],{"class":488},[48,38001,3339],{"class":84},[48,38003,38004],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38005,38006],{"class":84},"[]\n",[20,38008,38009],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[34,38011,758,38013,8415,38015],{"id":38012},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38014,37286],{},[15,38016,37370],{},[20,38018,14904,38019,38021],{},[15,38020,37370],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38023,38024],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[39,38026,38028],{"className":41,"code":38027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38029,38030,38072,38076,38114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38031,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38068,38070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38033,3776],{"class":54},[48,38035,59],{"class":58},[48,38037,3326],{"class":84},[48,38039,94],{"class":62},[48,38041,3785],{"class":66},[48,38043,94],{"class":62},[48,38045,365],{"class":84},[48,38047,63],{"class":62},[48,38049,38050],{"class":66},"kiwi",[48,38052,94],{"class":62},[48,38054,365],{"class":84},[48,38056,63],{"class":62},[48,38058,198],{"class":66},[48,38060,94],{"class":62},[48,38062,365],{"class":84},[48,38064,63],{"class":62},[48,38066,38067],{"class":66},"fig",[48,38069,94],{"class":62},[48,38071,3339],{"class":84},[48,38073,38074],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38075,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38077,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086,38088,38091,38093,38096,38098,38101,38103,38106,38108,38110,38112],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38079,1929],{"class":54},[48,38081,59],{"class":58},[48,38083,37365],{"class":108},[48,38085,91],{"class":84},[48,38087,37370],{"class":1767},[48,38089,38090],{"class":37373}," word",[48,38092,503],{"class":84},[48,38094,38095],{"class":108}," len",[48,38097,91],{"class":84},[48,38099,38100],{"class":87},"word",[48,38102,3366],{"class":84},[48,38104,38105],{"class":58}," >",[48,38107,878],{"class":488},[48,38109,365],{"class":84},[48,38111,5876],{"class":87},[48,38113,102],{"class":84},[48,38115,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38117,109],{"class":108},[48,38119,91],{"class":84},[48,38121,7804],{"class":1047},[48,38123,91],{"class":84},[48,38125,1964],{"class":87},[48,38127,1034],{"class":84},[20,38129,1037],{},[39,38131,38133],{"className":41,"code":38132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38134,38135],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38136,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38138,3605],{"class":84},[48,38140,3001],{"class":62},[48,38142,3785],{"class":66},[48,38144,3001],{"class":62},[48,38146,365],{"class":84},[48,38148,2996],{"class":62},[48,38150,198],{"class":66},[48,38152,3001],{"class":62},[48,38154,3339],{"class":84},[20,38156,38157],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38159,38160,38161,32],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[224,38162,38164],{"href":38163},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[34,38166,758,38168,38170],{"id":38167},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38169,37286],{}," with a named function",[20,38172,38173,38174,32],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38175,37370],{},[20,38177,38178],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[162,38180,38181,38184,38187],{},[165,38182,38183],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[165,38185,38186],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[165,38188,38189],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[39,38191,38193],{"className":41,"code":38192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38194,38195,38208,38223,38227,38259,38278,38282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38196,38197,38199,38202,38204,38206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38198,34563],{"class":1767},[48,38200,38201],{"class":34566}," is_even",[48,38203,91],{"class":84},[48,38205,1939],{"class":37373},[48,38207,8053],{"class":84},[48,38209,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38211,34574],{"class":1107},[48,38213,6095],{"class":54},[48,38215,6111],{"class":58},[48,38217,489],{"class":488},[48,38219,6116],{"class":58},[48,38221,38222],{"class":488}," 0\n",[48,38224,38225],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38226,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38228,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38230,3321],{"class":54},[48,38232,59],{"class":58},[48,38234,3326],{"class":84},[48,38236,272],{"class":488},[48,38238,365],{"class":84},[48,38240,489],{"class":488},[48,38242,365],{"class":84},[48,38244,2152],{"class":488},[48,38246,365],{"class":84},[48,38248,878],{"class":488},[48,38250,365],{"class":84},[48,38252,549],{"class":488},[48,38254,365],{"class":84},[48,38256,37354],{"class":488},[48,38258,3339],{"class":84},[48,38260,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38272,38274,38276],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,38262,1929],{"class":54},[48,38264,59],{"class":58},[48,38266,37365],{"class":108},[48,38268,91],{"class":84},[48,38270,38271],{"class":87},"is_even",[48,38273,365],{"class":84},[48,38275,3969],{"class":87},[48,38277,102],{"class":84},[48,38279,38280],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,38281,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38283,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,38285,109],{"class":108},[48,38287,91],{"class":84},[48,38289,7804],{"class":1047},[48,38291,91],{"class":84},[48,38293,1964],{"class":87},[48,38295,1034],{"class":84},[20,38297,1037],{},[39,38299,38301],{"className":41,"code":38300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38302,38303],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38304,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38306,3605],{"class":84},[48,38308,280],{"class":488},[48,38310,365],{"class":84},[48,38312,878],{"class":488},[48,38314,365],{"class":84},[48,38316,37354],{"class":488},[48,38318,3339],{"class":84},[20,38320,20487,38321,1572,38324,38326],{},[15,38322,38323],{},"is_even()",[15,38325,3306],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[34,38328,758,38330,8415,38332],{"id":38329},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38331,3483],{},[15,38333,37286],{},[20,38335,38336,38337,38339],{},"You can pass ",[15,38338,3483],{}," as the first argument:",[39,38341,38343],{"className":41,"code":38342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38344,38345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38348,37312],{"class":108},[48,38350,91],{"class":84},[48,38352,3483],{"class":3556},[48,38354,365],{"class":84},[48,38356,37576],{"class":87},[48,38358,102],{"class":84},[20,38360,38361,38362,7048],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[565,38363,5303],{},[20,38365,38366],{},"Falsy values include:",[162,38368,38369,38373,38378,38382],{},[165,38370,38371],{},[15,38372,578],{},[165,38374,38375,38377],{},[15,38376,3478],{}," (empty string)",[165,38379,38380],{},[15,38381,3483],{},[165,38383,38384],{},[15,38385,3379],{},[20,38387,182],{},[39,38389,38391],{"className":41,"code":38390,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38392,38393,38437,38441,38459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38394,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38396,7489],{"class":54},[48,38398,59],{"class":58},[48,38400,3326],{"class":84},[48,38402,578],{"class":488},[48,38404,365],{"class":84},[48,38406,5204],{"class":488},[48,38408,365],{"class":84},[48,38410,5834],{"class":62},[48,38412,365],{"class":84},[48,38414,63],{"class":62},[48,38416,1008],{"class":66},[48,38418,94],{"class":62},[48,38420,365],{"class":84},[48,38422,3557],{"class":3556},[48,38424,365],{"class":84},[48,38426,3621],{"class":3556},[48,38428,365],{"class":84},[48,38430,3612],{"class":3556},[48,38432,365],{"class":84},[48,38434,549],{"class":488},[48,38436,3339],{"class":84},[48,38438,38439],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38440,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38442,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38444,1929],{"class":54},[48,38446,59],{"class":58},[48,38448,37365],{"class":108},[48,38450,91],{"class":84},[48,38452,3483],{"class":3556},[48,38454,365],{"class":84},[48,38456,5673],{"class":87},[48,38458,102],{"class":84},[48,38460,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38462,109],{"class":108},[48,38464,91],{"class":84},[48,38466,7804],{"class":1047},[48,38468,91],{"class":84},[48,38470,1964],{"class":87},[48,38472,1034],{"class":84},[20,38474,1037],{},[39,38476,38478],{"className":41,"code":38477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38479,38480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38481,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38483,3605],{"class":84},[48,38485,272],{"class":488},[48,38487,365],{"class":84},[48,38489,2996],{"class":62},[48,38491,1008],{"class":66},[48,38493,3001],{"class":62},[48,38495,365],{"class":84},[48,38497,3621],{"class":3556},[48,38499,365],{"class":84},[48,38501,549],{"class":488},[48,38503,3339],{"class":84},[20,38505,38506],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[34,38508,4667,38510],{"id":38509},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38511,37286],{},[20,38513,139,38514,38516],{},[15,38515,37286],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38518,38519],{},"It works well for:",[162,38521,38522,38525,38528],{},[165,38523,38524],{},"simple filtering rules",[165,38526,38527],{},"quick data cleaning",[165,38529,38530],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38532,182],{},[39,38534,38536],{"className":41,"code":38535,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38537,38538,38570,38603,38607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38539,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38541,3321],{"class":54},[48,38543,59],{"class":58},[48,38545,3326],{"class":84},[48,38547,272],{"class":488},[48,38549,365],{"class":84},[48,38551,489],{"class":488},[48,38553,365],{"class":84},[48,38555,2152],{"class":488},[48,38557,365],{"class":84},[48,38559,878],{"class":488},[48,38561,365],{"class":84},[48,38563,549],{"class":488},[48,38565,365],{"class":84},[48,38567,37354],{"class":488},[48,38569,3339],{"class":84},[48,38571,38572,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38573,38574],{"class":54},"evens ",[48,38576,59],{"class":58},[48,38578,37365],{"class":108},[48,38580,91],{"class":84},[48,38582,37370],{"class":1767},[48,38584,37374],{"class":37373},[48,38586,503],{"class":84},[48,38588,3584],{"class":87},[48,38590,6111],{"class":58},[48,38592,489],{"class":488},[48,38594,6116],{"class":58},[48,38596,961],{"class":488},[48,38598,365],{"class":84},[48,38600,3969],{"class":87},[48,38602,102],{"class":84},[48,38604,38605],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38606,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38608,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38620],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38610,109],{"class":108},[48,38612,91],{"class":84},[48,38614,7804],{"class":1047},[48,38616,91],{"class":84},[48,38618,38619],{"class":87},"evens",[48,38621,1034],{"class":84},[20,38623,1037],{},[39,38625,38626],{"className":41,"code":38300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,38627,38628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38629,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640,38642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38631,3605],{"class":84},[48,38633,280],{"class":488},[48,38635,365],{"class":84},[48,38637,878],{"class":488},[48,38639,365],{"class":84},[48,38641,37354],{"class":488},[48,38643,3339],{"class":84},[20,38645,38646,38647,38649],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38648,5665],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[39,38651,38653],{"className":41,"code":38652,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38654,38655,38687,38695,38699,38711,38727,38742,38746],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38656,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38658,3321],{"class":54},[48,38660,59],{"class":58},[48,38662,3326],{"class":84},[48,38664,272],{"class":488},[48,38666,365],{"class":84},[48,38668,489],{"class":488},[48,38670,365],{"class":84},[48,38672,2152],{"class":488},[48,38674,365],{"class":84},[48,38676,878],{"class":488},[48,38678,365],{"class":84},[48,38680,549],{"class":488},[48,38682,365],{"class":84},[48,38684,37354],{"class":488},[48,38686,3339],{"class":84},[48,38688,38689,38691,38693],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38690,38574],{"class":54},[48,38692,59],{"class":58},[48,38694,7549],{"class":84},[48,38696,38697],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38700,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38702,5665],{"class":1107},[48,38704,6095],{"class":54},[48,38706,3587],{"class":1107},[48,38708,3969],{"class":54},[48,38710,1110],{"class":84},[48,38712,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,38714,6106],{"class":1107},[48,38716,6095],{"class":54},[48,38718,6111],{"class":58},[48,38720,489],{"class":488},[48,38722,6116],{"class":58},[48,38724,961],{"class":488},[48,38726,1110],{"class":84},[48,38728,38729,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,38730,38731],{"class":54},"        evens",[48,38733,32],{"class":84},[48,38735,13267],{"class":87},[48,38737,91],{"class":84},[48,38739,1939],{"class":87},[48,38741,102],{"class":84},[48,38743,38744],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,38745,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,38749,109],{"class":108},[48,38751,91],{"class":84},[48,38753,38619],{"class":87},[48,38755,102],{"class":84},[20,38757,1037],{},[39,38759,38760],{"className":41,"code":38300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,38761,38762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38765,3605],{"class":84},[48,38767,280],{"class":488},[48,38769,365],{"class":84},[48,38771,878],{"class":488},[48,38773,365],{"class":84},[48,38775,37354],{"class":488},[48,38777,3339],{"class":84},[20,38779,38780],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[39,38782,38784],{"className":41,"code":38783,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38785,38786,38818,38851,38855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38787,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38789,3321],{"class":54},[48,38791,59],{"class":58},[48,38793,3326],{"class":84},[48,38795,272],{"class":488},[48,38797,365],{"class":84},[48,38799,489],{"class":488},[48,38801,365],{"class":84},[48,38803,2152],{"class":488},[48,38805,365],{"class":84},[48,38807,878],{"class":488},[48,38809,365],{"class":84},[48,38811,549],{"class":488},[48,38813,365],{"class":84},[48,38815,37354],{"class":488},[48,38817,3339],{"class":84},[48,38819,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38821,38574],{"class":54},[48,38823,59],{"class":58},[48,38825,3326],{"class":84},[48,38827,1916],{"class":54},[48,38829,5665],{"class":1107},[48,38831,6095],{"class":54},[48,38833,3587],{"class":1107},[48,38835,38836],{"class":54}," numbers ",[48,38838,6705],{"class":1107},[48,38840,6095],{"class":54},[48,38842,6111],{"class":58},[48,38844,489],{"class":488},[48,38846,6116],{"class":58},[48,38848,961],{"class":488},[48,38850,3339],{"class":84},[48,38852,38853],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,38854,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,38856,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,38858,109],{"class":108},[48,38860,91],{"class":84},[48,38862,38619],{"class":87},[48,38864,102],{"class":84},[20,38866,1037],{},[39,38868,38869],{"className":41,"code":38300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,38870,38871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38872,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38874,3605],{"class":84},[48,38876,280],{"class":488},[48,38878,365],{"class":84},[48,38880,878],{"class":488},[48,38882,365],{"class":84},[48,38884,37354],{"class":488},[48,38886,3339],{"class":84},[20,38888,38889,38890,32],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[224,38891,38893],{"href":38892},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[34,38895,1366],{"id":1365},[20,38897,14448,38898,32],{},[15,38899,37286],{},[1200,38901,1379,38903,38905],{"id":38902},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38904,37286],{}," to return a list",[20,38907,38908],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[39,38910,38912],{"className":41,"code":38911,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38913,38914,38956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38915,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38917,1929],{"class":54},[48,38919,59],{"class":58},[48,38921,37365],{"class":108},[48,38923,91],{"class":84},[48,38925,37370],{"class":1767},[48,38927,37374],{"class":37373},[48,38929,503],{"class":84},[48,38931,3584],{"class":87},[48,38933,3958],{"class":58},[48,38935,489],{"class":488},[48,38937,365],{"class":84},[48,38939,3326],{"class":84},[48,38941,272],{"class":488},[48,38943,365],{"class":84},[48,38945,489],{"class":488},[48,38947,365],{"class":84},[48,38949,2152],{"class":488},[48,38951,365],{"class":84},[48,38953,878],{"class":488},[48,38955,3593],{"class":84},[48,38957,38958,38960,38962,38964],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,38959,109],{"class":108},[48,38961,91],{"class":84},[48,38963,1964],{"class":87},[48,38965,102],{"class":84},[20,38967,38968],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38970,38971],{},"Fix:",[39,38973,38975],{"className":41,"code":38974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38976,38977,39019],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,38978,38979,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,38980,1929],{"class":54},[48,38982,59],{"class":58},[48,38984,37365],{"class":108},[48,38986,91],{"class":84},[48,38988,37370],{"class":1767},[48,38990,37374],{"class":37373},[48,38992,503],{"class":84},[48,38994,3584],{"class":87},[48,38996,3958],{"class":58},[48,38998,489],{"class":488},[48,39000,365],{"class":84},[48,39002,3326],{"class":84},[48,39004,272],{"class":488},[48,39006,365],{"class":84},[48,39008,489],{"class":488},[48,39010,365],{"class":84},[48,39012,2152],{"class":488},[48,39014,365],{"class":84},[48,39016,878],{"class":488},[48,39018,3593],{"class":84},[48,39020,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39022,109],{"class":108},[48,39024,91],{"class":84},[48,39026,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39028,91],{"class":84},[48,39030,1964],{"class":87},[48,39032,1034],{"class":84},[1200,39034,39036,39037,1358,39039,39041],{"id":39035},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39038,3306],{},[15,39040,3379],{}," clearly",[20,39043,39044],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39046,39047],{},"Good example:",[39,39049,39051],{"className":41,"code":39050,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39052,39053,39066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39054,39055,39057,39060,39062,39064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39056,34563],{"class":1767},[48,39058,39059],{"class":34566}," is_positive",[48,39061,91],{"class":84},[48,39063,1939],{"class":37373},[48,39065,8053],{"class":84},[48,39067,39068,39070,39072,39074],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39069,34574],{"class":1107},[48,39071,6095],{"class":54},[48,39073,3958],{"class":58},[48,39075,38222],{"class":488},[20,39077,39078],{},"Then use it with:",[39,39080,39082],{"className":41,"code":39081,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39083,39084,39116],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39085,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39087,3321],{"class":54},[48,39089,59],{"class":58},[48,39091,3326],{"class":84},[48,39093,1724],{"class":58},[48,39095,280],{"class":488},[48,39097,365],{"class":84},[48,39099,1921],{"class":58},[48,39101,272],{"class":488},[48,39103,365],{"class":84},[48,39105,961],{"class":488},[48,39107,365],{"class":84},[48,39109,5204],{"class":488},[48,39111,365],{"class":84},[48,39113,489],{"class":488},[48,39115,3339],{"class":84},[48,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39133,39135,39137],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39119,109],{"class":108},[48,39121,91],{"class":84},[48,39123,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39125,91],{"class":84},[48,39127,37312],{"class":108},[48,39129,91],{"class":84},[48,39131,39132],{"class":87},"is_positive",[48,39134,365],{"class":84},[48,39136,3969],{"class":87},[48,39138,2610],{"class":84},[20,39140,1037],{},[39,39142,39144],{"className":41,"code":39143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39145,39146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39147,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39149,3605],{"class":84},[48,39151,272],{"class":488},[48,39153,365],{"class":84},[48,39155,489],{"class":488},[48,39157,3339],{"class":84},[1200,39159,39161],{"id":39160},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39163,39164],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[39,39166,39167],{"className":41,"code":37906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,39168,39169,39211,39215,39229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39170,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39172,1929],{"class":54},[48,39174,59],{"class":58},[48,39176,37365],{"class":108},[48,39178,91],{"class":84},[48,39180,37370],{"class":1767},[48,39182,37374],{"class":37373},[48,39184,503],{"class":84},[48,39186,3584],{"class":87},[48,39188,3958],{"class":58},[48,39190,489],{"class":488},[48,39192,365],{"class":84},[48,39194,3326],{"class":84},[48,39196,272],{"class":488},[48,39198,365],{"class":84},[48,39200,489],{"class":488},[48,39202,365],{"class":84},[48,39204,2152],{"class":488},[48,39206,365],{"class":84},[48,39208,878],{"class":488},[48,39210,3593],{"class":84},[48,39212,39213],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39214,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,39216,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,39218,109],{"class":108},[48,39220,91],{"class":84},[48,39222,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39224,91],{"class":84},[48,39226,1964],{"class":87},[48,39228,1034],{"class":84},[48,39230,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,39232,109],{"class":108},[48,39234,91],{"class":84},[48,39236,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39238,91],{"class":84},[48,39240,1964],{"class":87},[48,39242,1034],{"class":84},[20,39244,1037],{},[39,39246,39247],{"className":41,"code":37987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,39248,39249,39261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39250,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39252,3605],{"class":84},[48,39254,1764],{"class":488},[48,39256,365],{"class":84},[48,39258,878],{"class":488},[48,39260,3339],{"class":84},[48,39262,39263],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39264,38006],{"class":84},[20,39266,39267],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[39,39269,39271],{"className":41,"code":39270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39272,39273,39319,39323,39333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39274,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39276,1929],{"class":54},[48,39278,59],{"class":58},[48,39280,22275],{"class":1047},[48,39282,91],{"class":84},[48,39284,37312],{"class":108},[48,39286,91],{"class":84},[48,39288,37370],{"class":1767},[48,39290,37374],{"class":37373},[48,39292,503],{"class":84},[48,39294,3584],{"class":87},[48,39296,3958],{"class":58},[48,39298,489],{"class":488},[48,39300,365],{"class":84},[48,39302,3326],{"class":84},[48,39304,272],{"class":488},[48,39306,365],{"class":84},[48,39308,489],{"class":488},[48,39310,365],{"class":84},[48,39312,2152],{"class":488},[48,39314,365],{"class":84},[48,39316,878],{"class":488},[48,39318,2697],{"class":84},[48,39320,39321],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39322,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,39324,39325,39327,39329,39331],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,39326,109],{"class":108},[48,39328,91],{"class":84},[48,39330,1964],{"class":87},[48,39332,102],{"class":84},[48,39334,39335,39337,39339,39341],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,39336,109],{"class":108},[48,39338,91],{"class":84},[48,39340,1964],{"class":87},[48,39342,102],{"class":84},[1200,39344,39346],{"id":39345},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39348,39349],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39351,16360],{},[39,39353,39355],{"className":41,"code":39354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39356,39357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39358,39359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39360,39354],{"class":129},[20,39362,39363,39364,6259],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39365,2031],{},[20,39367,16372],{},[39,39369,39371],{"className":41,"code":39370,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39372,39373],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39374,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39376,109],{"class":108},[48,39378,91],{"class":84},[48,39380,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39382,91],{"class":84},[48,39384,37312],{"class":108},[48,39386,91],{"class":84},[48,39388,37370],{"class":1767},[48,39390,37374],{"class":37373},[48,39392,503],{"class":84},[48,39394,3584],{"class":87},[48,39396,3958],{"class":58},[48,39398,489],{"class":488},[48,39400,365],{"class":84},[48,39402,3326],{"class":84},[48,39404,272],{"class":488},[48,39406,365],{"class":84},[48,39408,489],{"class":488},[48,39410,365],{"class":84},[48,39412,2152],{"class":488},[48,39414,365],{"class":84},[48,39416,878],{"class":488},[48,39418,36975],{"class":84},[1200,39420,36914,39422,8415,39424],{"id":39421},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39423,37286],{},[15,39425,39426],{},"map()",[162,39428,39429,39434],{},[165,39430,39431,39433],{},[15,39432,37286],{}," keeps or removes items",[165,39435,39436,39438],{},[15,39437,39426],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39440,39441,39442,503],{},"Example of ",[15,39443,37286],{},[39,39445,39447],{"className":41,"code":39446,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39448,39449,39473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39450,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39452,3321],{"class":54},[48,39454,59],{"class":58},[48,39456,3326],{"class":84},[48,39458,272],{"class":488},[48,39460,365],{"class":84},[48,39462,489],{"class":488},[48,39464,365],{"class":84},[48,39466,2152],{"class":488},[48,39468,365],{"class":84},[48,39470,878],{"class":488},[48,39472,3339],{"class":84},[48,39474,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39476,109],{"class":108},[48,39478,91],{"class":84},[48,39480,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39482,91],{"class":84},[48,39484,37312],{"class":108},[48,39486,91],{"class":84},[48,39488,37370],{"class":1767},[48,39490,37374],{"class":37373},[48,39492,503],{"class":84},[48,39494,3584],{"class":87},[48,39496,3958],{"class":58},[48,39498,489],{"class":488},[48,39500,365],{"class":84},[48,39502,3969],{"class":87},[48,39504,2610],{"class":84},[20,39506,1037],{},[39,39508,39510],{"className":41,"code":39509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39511,39512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39513,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39515,3605],{"class":84},[48,39517,1764],{"class":488},[48,39519,365],{"class":84},[48,39521,878],{"class":488},[48,39523,3339],{"class":84},[20,39525,39441,39526,503],{},[15,39527,39426],{},[39,39529,39531],{"className":41,"code":39530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39532,39533,39557],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39534,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547,39549,39551,39553,39555],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39536,3321],{"class":54},[48,39538,59],{"class":58},[48,39540,3326],{"class":84},[48,39542,272],{"class":488},[48,39544,365],{"class":84},[48,39546,489],{"class":488},[48,39548,365],{"class":84},[48,39550,2152],{"class":488},[48,39552,365],{"class":84},[48,39554,878],{"class":488},[48,39556,3339],{"class":84},[48,39558,39559,39561,39563,39565,39567,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39583,39585,39587,39589],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39560,109],{"class":108},[48,39562,91],{"class":84},[48,39564,7804],{"class":1047},[48,39566,91],{"class":84},[48,39568,39569],{"class":108},"map",[48,39571,91],{"class":84},[48,39573,37370],{"class":1767},[48,39575,37374],{"class":37373},[48,39577,503],{"class":84},[48,39579,3584],{"class":87},[48,39581,39582],{"class":58},"*",[48,39584,489],{"class":488},[48,39586,365],{"class":84},[48,39588,3969],{"class":87},[48,39590,2610],{"class":84},[20,39592,1037],{},[39,39594,39596],{"className":41,"code":39595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39597,39598],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39599,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39614,39616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39601,3605],{"class":84},[48,39603,280],{"class":488},[48,39605,365],{"class":84},[48,39607,878],{"class":488},[48,39609,365],{"class":84},[48,39611,37354],{"class":488},[48,39613,365],{"class":84},[48,39615,6068],{"class":488},[48,39617,3339],{"class":84},[20,39619,39620,39621,32],{},"For the related function, see ",[224,39622,3277,39624,3210],{"href":39623},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39625,39426],{},[34,39627,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,39629,12418,39631,39633],{"id":39630},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39632,37286],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39635,39636,39637,39639],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39638,24497],{}," if needed.",[1200,39641,39643,39644,39646],{"id":39642},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39645,37286],{}," need to return?",[20,39648,37593,39649,39651,39652,39654],{},[15,39650,3306],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39653,3379],{}," to remove it.",[1200,39656,28044,39658,39660],{"id":39657},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39659,37286],{}," without lambda?",[20,39662,39663],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1200,39665,4849,39667,39670],{"id":39666},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39668,39669],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39672,39673,39674,39676,39677,16789,39679,32],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39675,578],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39678,3483],{},[15,39680,3379],{},[1200,39682,21136,39684,39686],{"id":39683},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39685,37286],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39688,39689,39690,39692],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39691,5665],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39694,39695],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[162,39697,39698,39704,39710],{},[165,39699,39700,39701,39703],{},"use ",[15,39702,37286],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[165,39705,39706,39707,39709],{},"use a ",[15,39708,5665],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[165,39711,39712],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39714,39715,39716,32],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[224,39717,4839],{"href":39718},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[34,39720,1599],{"id":1598},[162,39722,39723,39728,39732,39737,39743],{},[165,39724,39725],{},[224,39726,39727],{"href":38163},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[165,39729,39730],{},[224,39731,4927],{"href":39718},[165,39733,39734],{},[224,39735,39736],{"href":38892},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[165,39738,39739],{},[224,39740,3277,39741,3210],{"href":39623},[15,39742,39426],{},[165,39744,39745],{},[224,39746,4922],{"href":5293},[1633,39748,39749],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":39751},[39752,39753,39755,39759,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39780,39792],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":37420,"depth":73,"text":39754},"What filter() does",{"id":37554,"depth":73,"text":37555,"children":39756},[39757,39758],{"id":37571,"depth":105,"text":37571},{"id":3425,"depth":105,"text":3425},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557,"children":39760},[39761],{"id":37899,"depth":105,"text":37900},{"id":38012,"depth":73,"text":39763},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38167,"depth":73,"text":39765},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38329,"depth":73,"text":39767},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38509,"depth":73,"text":39769},"When to use filter()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":39771},[39772,39774,39776,39777,39778],{"id":38902,"depth":105,"text":39773},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39035,"depth":105,"text":39775},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39160,"depth":105,"text":39161},{"id":39345,"depth":105,"text":39346},{"id":39421,"depth":105,"text":39779},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":39781},[39782,39784,39786,39788,39790],{"id":39630,"depth":105,"text":39783},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39642,"depth":105,"text":39785},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39657,"depth":105,"text":39787},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39666,"depth":105,"text":39789},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39683,"depth":105,"text":39791},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37278,"description":39793},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39800,"title":39801,"body":39802,"description":41951,"extension":1666,"meta":41952,"navigation":122,"path":41953,"seo":41954,"stem":41955,"__hash__":41956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39803,"toc":41905},[39804,39807,39812,39818,39820,39872,39874,39893,39898,39902,39907,39910,39925,39928,39950,39952,40001,40003,40027,40029,40031,40046,40051,40059,40074,40076,40085,40088,40123,40127,40132,40136,40143,40178,40180,40196,40200,40203,40244,40246,40260,40264,40267,40291,40293,40302,40306,40309,40342,40344,40357,40361,40367,40386,40388,40396,40400,40405,40409,40414,40437,40439,40468,40471,40490,40494,40497,40524,40526,40560,40564,40567,40591,40595,40606,40608,40613,40619,40621,40705,40707,40749,40752,40756,40763,40772,40828,40835,40844,40849,40853,40924,40926,40935,40939,40942,40986,40988,40997,41001,41007,41057,41061,41066,41070,41094,41096,41105,41109,41133,41135,41146,41150,41174,41176,41185,41188,41205,41211,41215,41221,41224,41229,41232,41253,41255,41287,41290,41295,41297,41308,41310,41354,41358,41365,41417,41419,41428,41432,41435,41527,41530,41554,41558,41561,41652,41656,41660,41667,41672,41696,41698,41707,41712,41735,41737,41745,41752,41775,41783,41785,41798,41808,41810,41814,41821,41825,41834,41838,41845,41849,41853,41857,41870,41872,41902],[10,39805,39801],{"id":39806},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39808,8834,39809,39811],{},[15,39810,2582],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39813,39814,39815,39817],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39816,2582],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[34,39819,37],{"id":36},[39,39821,39823],{"className":41,"code":39822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39824,39825,39839,39858],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39826,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39828,109],{"class":108},[48,39830,91],{"class":84},[48,39832,1891],{"class":1047},[48,39834,91],{"class":84},[48,39836,1837],{"class":488},[48,39838,1034],{"class":84},[48,39840,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39854,39856],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39842,109],{"class":108},[48,39844,91],{"class":84},[48,39846,1891],{"class":1047},[48,39848,91],{"class":84},[48,39850,94],{"class":62},[48,39852,39853],{"class":66},"3.14",[48,39855,94],{"class":62},[48,39857,1034],{"class":84},[48,39859,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,39861,109],{"class":108},[48,39863,91],{"class":84},[48,39865,1891],{"class":1047},[48,39867,91],{"class":84},[48,39869,3306],{"class":3556},[48,39871,1034],{"class":84},[20,39873,1037],{},[39,39875,39877],{"className":41,"code":39876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39878,39879,39883,39888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39880,39881],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39882,2179],{"class":488},[48,39884,39885],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39886,39887],{"class":488},"3.14\n",[48,39889,39890],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,39891,39892],{"class":488},"1.0\n",[20,39894,139,39895,39897],{},[15,39896,2582],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[34,39899,39901],{"id":39900},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39903,39904,39906],{},[15,39905,2582],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39908,39909],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[162,39911,39912,39916,39920],{},[165,39913,39914],{},[15,39915,2191],{},[165,39917,39918],{},[15,39919,39853],{},[165,39921,39922],{},[15,39923,39924],{},"0.5",[20,39926,39927],{},"A few key points:",[162,39929,39930,39937,39940,39943],{},[165,39931,39932,39934,39935],{},[15,39933,2582],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39936,1891],{},[165,39938,39939],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[165,39941,39942],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[165,39944,39945,39946],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[224,39947,39948],{"href":7930},[15,39949,2656],{},[20,39951,182],{},[39,39953,39955],{"className":41,"code":39954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39956,39957,39977,39987],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,39958,39959,39961,39963,39966,39968,39970,39973,39975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,39960,1916],{"class":54},[48,39962,59],{"class":58},[48,39964,39965],{"class":1047}," float",[48,39967,91],{"class":84},[48,39969,94],{"class":62},[48,39971,39972],{"class":66},"2.75",[48,39974,94],{"class":62},[48,39976,102],{"class":84},[48,39978,39979,39981,39983,39985],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,39980,109],{"class":108},[48,39982,91],{"class":84},[48,39984,1939],{"class":87},[48,39986,102],{"class":84},[48,39988,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,39990,109],{"class":108},[48,39992,91],{"class":84},[48,39994,2921],{"class":1047},[48,39996,91],{"class":84},[48,39998,1939],{"class":87},[48,40000,1034],{"class":84},[20,40002,1037],{},[39,40004,40006],{"className":41,"code":40005,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40007,40008,40013],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40009,40010],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40011,40012],{"class":488},"2.75\n",[48,40014,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40016,2990],{"class":58},[48,40018,2993],{"class":1767},[48,40020,2996],{"class":62},[48,40022,1891],{"class":66},[48,40024,3001],{"class":62},[48,40026,3004],{"class":58},[34,40028,340],{"id":339},[20,40030,6926],{},[39,40032,40034],{"className":41,"code":40033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"float(value)\n",[15,40035,40036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40037,40038,40040,40042,40044],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40039,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40041,91],{"class":84},[48,40043,362],{"class":87},[48,40045,102],{"class":84},[20,40047,40048,40049,32],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40050,2582],{},[20,40052,40053,40054,40056,40057,503],{},"If you call ",[15,40055,2582],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40058,3473],{},[39,40060,40062],{"className":41,"code":40061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float())\n",[15,40063,40064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40065,40066,40068,40070,40072],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40067,109],{"class":108},[48,40069,91],{"class":84},[48,40071,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40073,6902],{"class":84},[20,40075,1037],{},[39,40077,40079],{"className":41,"code":40078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0.0\n",[15,40080,40081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40082,40083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40084,40078],{"class":488},[20,40086,40087],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[39,40089,40091],{"className":41,"code":40090,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40092,40093,40113],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40094,40095,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40109,40111],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40096,40097],{"class":54},"price ",[48,40099,59],{"class":58},[48,40101,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40103,91],{"class":84},[48,40105,94],{"class":62},[48,40107,40108],{"class":66},"19.99",[48,40110,94],{"class":62},[48,40112,102],{"class":84},[48,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40116,109],{"class":108},[48,40118,91],{"class":84},[48,40120,24866],{"class":87},[48,40122,102],{"class":84},[34,40124,40126],{"id":40125},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40128,40129,40131],{},[15,40130,2582],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1200,40133,40135],{"id":40134},"integers","Integers",[20,40137,40138,40139,40142],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40140,40141],{},".0"," added:",[39,40144,40146],{"className":41,"code":40145,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40147,40148,40162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40149,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40151,109],{"class":108},[48,40153,91],{"class":84},[48,40155,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40157,91],{"class":84},[48,40159,1837],{"class":488},[48,40161,1034],{"class":84},[48,40163,40164,40166,40168,40170,40172,40174,40176],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40165,109],{"class":108},[48,40167,91],{"class":84},[48,40169,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40171,91],{"class":84},[48,40173,1724],{"class":58},[48,40175,280],{"class":488},[48,40177,1034],{"class":84},[20,40179,1037],{},[39,40181,40183],{"className":41,"code":40182,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40184,40185,40189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40186,40187],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40188,2179],{"class":488},[48,40190,40191,40193],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40192,1724],{"class":58},[48,40194,40195],{"class":488},"2.0\n",[1200,40197,40199],{"id":40198},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40201,40202],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[39,40204,40206],{"className":41,"code":40205,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40207,40208,40226],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40209,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40211,109],{"class":108},[48,40213,91],{"class":84},[48,40215,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40217,91],{"class":84},[48,40219,94],{"class":62},[48,40221,39853],{"class":66},[48,40223,94],{"class":62},[48,40225,1034],{"class":84},[48,40227,40228,40230,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40229,109],{"class":108},[48,40231,91],{"class":84},[48,40233,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40235,91],{"class":84},[48,40237,94],{"class":62},[48,40239,2031],{"class":66},[48,40241,94],{"class":62},[48,40243,1034],{"class":84},[20,40245,1037],{},[39,40247,40249],{"className":41,"code":40248,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40250,40251,40255],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40252,40253],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40254,39887],{"class":488},[48,40256,40257],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40258,40259],{"class":488},"10.0\n",[1200,40261,40263],{"id":40262},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40265,40266],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[39,40268,40270],{"className":41,"code":40269,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40271,40272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40273,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282,40284,40287,40289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40275,109],{"class":108},[48,40277,91],{"class":84},[48,40279,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40281,91],{"class":84},[48,40283,94],{"class":62},[48,40285,40286],{"class":66},"  8.5  ",[48,40288,94],{"class":62},[48,40290,1034],{"class":84},[20,40292,1037],{},[39,40294,40296],{"className":41,"code":40295,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8.5\n",[15,40297,40298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40299,40300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40301,40295],{"class":488},[1200,40303,40305],{"id":40304},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40307,40308],{},"Boolean values also work:",[39,40310,40312],{"className":41,"code":40311,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40313,40314,40328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40315,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324,40326],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40317,109],{"class":108},[48,40319,91],{"class":84},[48,40321,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40323,91],{"class":84},[48,40325,3306],{"class":3556},[48,40327,1034],{"class":84},[48,40329,40330,40332,40334,40336,40338,40340],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40331,109],{"class":108},[48,40333,91],{"class":84},[48,40335,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40337,91],{"class":84},[48,40339,3379],{"class":3556},[48,40341,1034],{"class":84},[20,40343,1037],{},[39,40345,40347],{"className":41,"code":40346,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40348,40349,40353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40350,40351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40352,39892],{"class":488},[48,40354,40355],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40356,40078],{"class":488},[1200,40358,40360],{"id":40359},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40362,40363,40364,40366],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40365,2582],{}," returns a float version of it:",[39,40368,40370],{"className":41,"code":40369,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40371,40372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40373,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40375,109],{"class":108},[48,40377,91],{"class":84},[48,40379,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40381,91],{"class":84},[48,40383,2063],{"class":488},[48,40385,1034],{"class":84},[20,40387,1037],{},[39,40389,40390],{"className":41,"code":2087,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,40391,40392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40393,40394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40395,2087],{"class":488},[34,40397,40399],{"id":40398},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40401,40402,40403,32],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40404,2582],{},[1200,40406,40408],{"id":40407},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40410,40411,40412,503],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40413,31],{},[39,40415,40417],{"className":41,"code":40416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40418,40419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431,40433,40435],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40422,109],{"class":108},[48,40424,91],{"class":84},[48,40426,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40428,91],{"class":84},[48,40430,94],{"class":62},[48,40432,1008],{"class":66},[48,40434,94],{"class":62},[48,40436,1034],{"class":84},[20,40438,29396],{},[39,40440,40442],{"className":41,"code":40441,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40443,40444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40445,40446,40448,40450,40453,40455,40458,40460,40462,40464,40466],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40447,31],{"class":1047},[48,40449,503],{"class":84},[48,40451,40452],{"class":54}," could ",[48,40454,1055],{"class":58},[48,40456,40457],{"class":54}," convert string to ",[48,40459,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40461,503],{"class":84},[48,40463,2996],{"class":62},[48,40465,1008],{"class":66},[48,40467,29415],{"class":62},[20,40469,40470],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[39,40472,40474],{"className":41,"code":40473,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40475,40476],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40477,40478,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40479,109],{"class":108},[48,40481,91],{"class":84},[48,40483,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40485,91],{"class":84},[48,40487,5980],{"class":62},[48,40489,1034],{"class":84},[1200,40491,40493],{"id":40492},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40495,40496],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[39,40498,40500],{"className":41,"code":40499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40501,40502],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40503,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518,40520,40522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40505,109],{"class":108},[48,40507,91],{"class":84},[48,40509,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40511,2684],{"class":84},[48,40513,272],{"class":488},[48,40515,365],{"class":84},[48,40517,489],{"class":488},[48,40519,365],{"class":84},[48,40521,2152],{"class":488},[48,40523,2697],{"class":84},[20,40525,29396],{},[39,40527,40529],{"className":41,"code":40528,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40530,40531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40532,40533,40535,40537,40539,40541,40544,40547,40550,40552,40554,40556,40558],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40534,2703],{"class":1047},[48,40536,503],{"class":84},[48,40538,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40540,7074],{"class":84},[48,40542,40543],{"class":54}," argument must be a string ",[48,40545,40546],{"class":58},"or",[48,40548,40549],{"class":54}," a real number",[48,40551,365],{"class":84},[48,40553,7810],{"class":58},[48,40555,2996],{"class":62},[48,40557,7804],{"class":66},[48,40559,29415],{"class":62},[1200,40561,40563],{"id":40562},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40565,40566],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[39,40568,40570],{"className":41,"code":40569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40571,40572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40573,40574,40576,40578,40580,40582,40584,40587,40589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40575,109],{"class":108},[48,40577,91],{"class":84},[48,40579,1891],{"class":1047},[48,40581,91],{"class":84},[48,40583,94],{"class":62},[48,40585,40586],{"class":66},"3,14",[48,40588,94],{"class":62},[48,40590,1034],{"class":84},[20,40592,2700,40593,32],{},[15,40594,31],{},[20,40596,40597,40598,500,40602,32],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[224,40599,40601],{"href":40600},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[224,40603,40605],{"href":40604},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[34,40607,17136],{"id":17135},[20,40609,40610,40612],{},[15,40611,2582],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40614,40615,40616,40618],{},"It does ",[565,40617,1055],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40620,182],{},[39,40622,40624],{"className":41,"code":40623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40625,40626,40639,40653,40657,40667,40677,40691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40627,40628,40630,40632,40634,40637],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40629,55],{"class":54},[48,40631,59],{"class":58},[48,40633,63],{"class":62},[48,40635,40636],{"class":66},"6.5",[48,40638,70],{"class":62},[48,40640,40641,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40642,1916],{"class":54},[48,40644,59],{"class":58},[48,40646,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40648,91],{"class":84},[48,40650,213],{"class":87},[48,40652,102],{"class":84},[48,40654,40655],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,40656,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,40658,40659,40661,40663,40665],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,40660,109],{"class":108},[48,40662,91],{"class":84},[48,40664,213],{"class":87},[48,40666,102],{"class":84},[48,40668,40669,40671,40673,40675],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,40670,109],{"class":108},[48,40672,91],{"class":84},[48,40674,1939],{"class":87},[48,40676,102],{"class":84},[48,40678,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,40680,109],{"class":108},[48,40682,91],{"class":84},[48,40684,2921],{"class":1047},[48,40686,91],{"class":84},[48,40688,213],{"class":87},[48,40690,1034],{"class":84},[48,40692,40693,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,40694,109],{"class":108},[48,40696,91],{"class":84},[48,40698,2921],{"class":1047},[48,40700,91],{"class":84},[48,40702,1939],{"class":87},[48,40704,1034],{"class":84},[20,40706,1037],{},[39,40708,40710],{"className":41,"code":40709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40711,40712,40717,40721,40735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40713,40714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40715,40716],{"class":488},"6.5\n",[48,40718,40719],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40720,40716],{"class":488},[48,40722,40723,40725,40727,40729,40731,40733],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,40724,2990],{"class":58},[48,40726,2993],{"class":1767},[48,40728,2996],{"class":62},[48,40730,3144],{"class":66},[48,40732,3001],{"class":62},[48,40734,3004],{"class":58},[48,40736,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,40738,2990],{"class":58},[48,40740,2993],{"class":1767},[48,40742,2996],{"class":62},[48,40744,1891],{"class":66},[48,40746,3001],{"class":62},[48,40748,3004],{"class":58},[20,40750,40751],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[34,40753,40755],{"id":40754},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1200,40757,40759,40760,40762],{"id":40758},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40761,2656],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40764,765,40765,40769,40770,32],{},[224,40766,40767,2003],{"href":7930},[15,40768,2656],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40771,2582],{},[39,40773,40775],{"className":41,"code":40774,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40776,40777,40796,40810,40814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40778,40779,40781,40783,40785,40787,40789,40792,40794],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40780,7948],{"class":54},[48,40782,59],{"class":58},[48,40784,7953],{"class":108},[48,40786,91],{"class":84},[48,40788,94],{"class":62},[48,40790,40791],{"class":66},"Enter a price: ",[48,40793,94],{"class":62},[48,40795,102],{"class":84},[48,40797,40798,40800,40802,40804,40806,40808],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40799,40097],{"class":54},[48,40801,59],{"class":58},[48,40803,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40805,91],{"class":84},[48,40807,7977],{"class":87},[48,40809,102],{"class":84},[48,40811,40812],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,40813,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,40815,40816,40818,40820,40822,40824,40826],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,40817,109],{"class":108},[48,40819,91],{"class":84},[48,40821,40097],{"class":87},[48,40823,39582],{"class":58},[48,40825,489],{"class":488},[48,40827,102],{"class":84},[20,40829,40830,40831,40834],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40832,40833],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[39,40836,40838],{"className":41,"code":40837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"9.0\n",[15,40839,40840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40841,40842],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40843,40837],{"class":488},[20,40845,40846,40847,32],{},"For more help with this, see ",[224,40848,8692],{"href":8691},[1200,40850,40852],{"id":40851},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[39,40854,40856],{"className":41,"code":40855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40857,40858,40871,40884,40888,40913],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40859,40860,40862,40864,40866,40869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40861,2253],{"class":54},[48,40863,59],{"class":58},[48,40865,63],{"class":62},[48,40867,40868],{"class":66},"2.5",[48,40870,70],{"class":62},[48,40872,40873,40875,40877,40879,40882],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40874,2281],{"class":54},[48,40876,59],{"class":58},[48,40878,63],{"class":62},[48,40880,40881],{"class":66},"1.5",[48,40883,70],{"class":62},[48,40885,40886],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,40887,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,40889,40890,40893,40895,40897,40899,40901,40903,40905,40907,40909,40911],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,40891,40892],{"class":54},"total ",[48,40894,59],{"class":58},[48,40896,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40898,91],{"class":84},[48,40900,224],{"class":87},[48,40902,3366],{"class":84},[48,40904,2155],{"class":58},[48,40906,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40908,91],{"class":84},[48,40910,4466],{"class":87},[48,40912,102],{"class":84},[48,40914,40915,40917,40919,40922],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,40916,109],{"class":108},[48,40918,91],{"class":84},[48,40920,40921],{"class":87},"total",[48,40923,102],{"class":84},[20,40925,1037],{},[39,40927,40929],{"className":41,"code":40928,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4.0\n",[15,40930,40931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40932,40933],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40934,40928],{"class":488},[1200,40936,40938],{"id":40937},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40940,40941],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[39,40943,40945],{"className":41,"code":40944,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40946,40947,40957,40972,40976],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40948,40949,40952,40954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40950,40951],{"class":54},"count ",[48,40953,59],{"class":58},[48,40955,40956],{"class":488}," 7\n",[48,40958,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40970],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,40960,1929],{"class":54},[48,40962,59],{"class":58},[48,40964,39965],{"class":1047},[48,40966,91],{"class":84},[48,40968,40969],{"class":87},"count",[48,40971,102],{"class":84},[48,40973,40974],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,40975,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,40977,40978,40980,40982,40984],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,40979,109],{"class":108},[48,40981,91],{"class":84},[48,40983,1964],{"class":87},[48,40985,102],{"class":84},[20,40987,1037],{},[39,40989,40991],{"className":41,"code":40990,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.0\n",[15,40992,40993],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,40994,40995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,40996,40990],{"class":488},[1200,40998,41000],{"id":40999},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41002,41003,41004,41006],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41005,2582],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[39,41008,41010],{"className":41,"code":41009,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41011,41012,41026,41042,41046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41013,41014,41017,41019,41021,41024],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41015,41016],{"class":54},"temperature_text ",[48,41018,59],{"class":58},[48,41020,63],{"class":62},[48,41022,41023],{"class":66},"21.8",[48,41025,70],{"class":62},[48,41027,41028,41031,41033,41035,41037,41040],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41029,41030],{"class":54},"temperature ",[48,41032,59],{"class":58},[48,41034,39965],{"class":1047},[48,41036,91],{"class":84},[48,41038,41039],{"class":87},"temperature_text",[48,41041,102],{"class":84},[48,41043,41044],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,41045,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,41047,41048,41050,41052,41055],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,41049,109],{"class":108},[48,41051,91],{"class":84},[48,41053,41054],{"class":87},"temperature",[48,41056,102],{"class":84},[34,41058,41060],{"id":41059},"special-values","Special values",[20,41062,41063,41065],{},[15,41064,2582],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1200,41067,41069],{"id":41068},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[39,41071,41073],{"className":41,"code":41072,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41074,41075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41076,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087,41090,41092],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41078,109],{"class":108},[48,41080,91],{"class":84},[48,41082,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41084,91],{"class":84},[48,41086,94],{"class":62},[48,41088,41089],{"class":66},"inf",[48,41091,94],{"class":62},[48,41093,1034],{"class":84},[20,41095,1037],{},[39,41097,41099],{"className":41,"code":41098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"inf\n",[15,41100,41101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41102,41103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41104,41098],{"class":54},[1200,41106,41108],{"id":41107},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[39,41110,41112],{"className":41,"code":41111,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41113,41114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41115,41116,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126,41129,41131],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41117,109],{"class":108},[48,41119,91],{"class":84},[48,41121,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41123,91],{"class":84},[48,41125,94],{"class":62},[48,41127,41128],{"class":66},"-inf",[48,41130,94],{"class":62},[48,41132,1034],{"class":84},[20,41134,1037],{},[39,41136,41138],{"className":41,"code":41137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"-inf\n",[15,41139,41140],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41141,41142,41144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41143,1724],{"class":58},[48,41145,41098],{"class":54},[1200,41147,41149],{"id":41148},"not-a-number","Not a number",[39,41151,41153],{"className":41,"code":41152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41154,41155],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41156,41157,41159,41161,41163,41165,41167,41170,41172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41158,109],{"class":108},[48,41160,91],{"class":84},[48,41162,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41164,91],{"class":84},[48,41166,94],{"class":62},[48,41168,41169],{"class":66},"nan",[48,41171,94],{"class":62},[48,41173,1034],{"class":84},[20,41175,1037],{},[39,41177,41179],{"className":41,"code":41178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nan\n",[15,41180,41181],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41182,41183],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41184,41178],{"class":54},[20,41186,41187],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[162,41189,41190,41195,41200],{},[165,41191,41192,41194],{},[15,41193,41089],{}," means positive infinity",[165,41196,41197,41199],{},[15,41198,41128],{}," means negative infinity",[165,41201,41202,41204],{},[15,41203,41169],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41206,41207,41208,41210],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41209,2582],{}," accepts them.",[34,41212,41214],{"id":41213},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41216,41217,41218,41220],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41219,2582],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1200,41222,31],{"id":41223},"valueerror",[20,41225,14904,41226,41228],{},[15,41227,31],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41230,41231],{},"Common causes:",[162,41233,41234,41240,41243,41246],{},[165,41235,41236,41237],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41238,41239],{},"\"abc\"",[165,41241,41242],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[165,41244,41245],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[165,41247,4409,41248],{},[224,41249,41250,41252],{"href":7930},[15,41251,2656],{}," returns a string",[20,41254,182],{},[39,41256,41258],{"className":41,"code":41257,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41259,41260,41273],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41261,41262,41264,41266,41268,41271],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41263,2147],{"class":54},[48,41265,59],{"class":58},[48,41267,63],{"class":62},[48,41269,41270],{"class":66},"abc",[48,41272,70],{"class":62},[48,41274,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41276,109],{"class":108},[48,41278,91],{"class":84},[48,41280,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41282,91],{"class":84},[48,41284,362],{"class":87},[48,41286,1034],{"class":84},[1200,41288,2703],{"id":41289},"typeerror",[20,41291,14904,41292,41294],{},[15,41293,2703],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41296,41231],{},[162,41298,41299,41302,41305],{},[165,41300,41301],{},"Passing a list",[165,41303,41304],{},"Passing a dictionary",[165,41306,41307],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41309,182],{},[39,41311,41313],{"className":41,"code":41312,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41314,41315,41340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41316,41317,41319,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41331,41333,41336,41338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41318,2147],{"class":54},[48,41320,59],{"class":58},[48,41322,10203],{"class":84},[48,41324,94],{"class":62},[48,41326,24866],{"class":66},[48,41328,94],{"class":62},[48,41330,503],{"class":84},[48,41332,63],{"class":62},[48,41334,41335],{"class":66},"9.99",[48,41337,94],{"class":62},[48,41339,9021],{"class":84},[48,41341,41342,41344,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41343,109],{"class":108},[48,41345,91],{"class":84},[48,41347,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41349,91],{"class":84},[48,41351,362],{"class":87},[48,41353,1034],{"class":84},[1200,41355,41357],{"id":41356},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41359,41360,41361,41364],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41362,41363],{},"strip()"," can help:",[39,41366,41368],{"className":41,"code":41367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41369,41370,41383,41398,41402],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41371,41372,41374,41376,41378,41381],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41373,2147],{"class":54},[48,41375,59],{"class":58},[48,41377,63],{"class":62},[48,41379,41380],{"class":66},"  7.25  ",[48,41382,70],{"class":62},[48,41384,41385,41388,41390,41392,41394,41396],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41386,41387],{"class":54},"clean_value ",[48,41389,59],{"class":58},[48,41391,8144],{"class":54},[48,41393,32],{"class":84},[48,41395,8344],{"class":87},[48,41397,8353],{"class":84},[48,41399,41400],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,41401,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,41403,41404,41406,41408,41410,41412,41415],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,41405,109],{"class":108},[48,41407,91],{"class":84},[48,41409,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41411,91],{"class":84},[48,41413,41414],{"class":87},"clean_value",[48,41416,1034],{"class":84},[20,41418,1037],{},[39,41420,41422],{"className":41,"code":41421,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.25\n",[15,41423,41424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41425,41426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41427,41421],{"class":488},[1200,41429,41431],{"id":41430},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41433,41434],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[39,41436,41438],{"className":41,"code":41437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41439,41440,41453,41457,41467,41481,41495,41499,41513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41443,2147],{"class":54},[48,41445,59],{"class":58},[48,41447,63],{"class":62},[48,41449,41450],{"class":66}," 3.5 ",[48,41452,70],{"class":62},[48,41454,41455],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41456,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,41458,41459,41461,41463,41465],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,41460,109],{"class":108},[48,41462,91],{"class":84},[48,41464,362],{"class":87},[48,41466,102],{"class":84},[48,41468,41469,41471,41473,41475,41477,41479],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,41470,109],{"class":108},[48,41472,91],{"class":84},[48,41474,2921],{"class":1047},[48,41476,91],{"class":84},[48,41478,362],{"class":87},[48,41480,1034],{"class":84},[48,41482,41483,41485,41487,41489,41491,41493],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,41484,109],{"class":108},[48,41486,91],{"class":84},[48,41488,1428],{"class":108},[48,41490,91],{"class":84},[48,41492,362],{"class":87},[48,41494,1034],{"class":84},[48,41496,41497],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,41498,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,41500,41501,41503,41505,41507,41509,41511],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,41502,41387],{"class":54},[48,41504,59],{"class":58},[48,41506,8144],{"class":54},[48,41508,32],{"class":84},[48,41510,8344],{"class":87},[48,41512,8353],{"class":84},[48,41514,41515,41517,41519,41521,41523,41525],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,41516,109],{"class":108},[48,41518,91],{"class":84},[48,41520,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41522,91],{"class":84},[48,41524,41414],{"class":87},[48,41526,1034],{"class":84},[20,41528,41529],{},"Why this helps:",[162,41531,41532,41538,41543,41549],{},[165,41533,41534,41537],{},[15,41535,41536],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[165,41539,41540,21083],{},[15,41541,41542],{},"print(type(value))",[165,41544,41545,41548],{},[15,41546,41547],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[165,41550,41551,41553],{},[15,41552,41363],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1200,41555,41557],{"id":41556},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41559,41560],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[39,41562,41564],{"className":41,"code":41563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41565,41566,41585,41589,41595,41610,41629,41637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41567,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576,41578,41581,41583],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41569,2147],{"class":54},[48,41571,59],{"class":58},[48,41573,7953],{"class":108},[48,41575,91],{"class":84},[48,41577,94],{"class":62},[48,41579,41580],{"class":66},"Enter a number: ",[48,41582,94],{"class":62},[48,41584,102],{"class":84},[48,41586,41587],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41588,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,41590,41591,41593],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,41592,1078],{"class":1107},[48,41594,1110],{"class":84},[48,41596,41597,41600,41602,41604,41606,41608],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,41598,41599],{"class":54},"    number ",[48,41601,59],{"class":58},[48,41603,39965],{"class":1047},[48,41605,91],{"class":84},[48,41607,362],{"class":87},[48,41609,102],{"class":84},[48,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41621,41623,41625,41627],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,41613,1138],{"class":108},[48,41615,91],{"class":84},[48,41617,94],{"class":62},[48,41619,41620],{"class":66},"Converted:",[48,41622,94],{"class":62},[48,41624,365],{"class":84},[48,41626,1896],{"class":87},[48,41628,102],{"class":84},[48,41630,41631,41633,41635],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,41632,1081],{"class":1107},[48,41634,1151],{"class":1047},[48,41636,1110],{"class":84},[48,41638,41639,41641,41643,41645,41648,41650],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,41640,1138],{"class":108},[48,41642,91],{"class":84},[48,41644,94],{"class":62},[48,41646,41647],{"class":66},"That is not a valid number.",[48,41649,94],{"class":62},[48,41651,102],{"class":84},[20,41653,1175,41654,32],{},[224,41655,40605],{"href":40604},[34,41657,41659],{"id":41658},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41661,10302,41662,500,41664,41666],{},[15,41663,2582],{},[15,41665,2576],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41668,41669,41671],{},[15,41670,2582],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[39,41673,41675],{"className":41,"code":41674,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41676,41677],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41678,41679,41681,41683,41685,41687,41689,41692,41694],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41680,109],{"class":108},[48,41682,91],{"class":84},[48,41684,1891],{"class":1047},[48,41686,91],{"class":84},[48,41688,94],{"class":62},[48,41690,41691],{"class":66},"3.9",[48,41693,94],{"class":62},[48,41695,1034],{"class":84},[20,41697,1037],{},[39,41699,41701],{"className":41,"code":41700,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.9\n",[15,41702,41703],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41704,41705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41706,41700],{"class":488},[20,41708,41709,41711],{},[15,41710,2576],{}," creates whole numbers:",[39,41713,41715],{"className":41,"code":41714,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41716,41717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41718,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727,41729,41731,41733],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41720,109],{"class":108},[48,41722,91],{"class":84},[48,41724,1887],{"class":1047},[48,41726,91],{"class":84},[48,41728,94],{"class":62},[48,41730,2031],{"class":66},[48,41732,94],{"class":62},[48,41734,1034],{"class":84},[20,41736,1037],{},[39,41738,41739],{"className":41,"code":2077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,41740,41741],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41742,41743],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41744,2077],{"class":488},[20,41746,41747,41748,41751],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41749,41750],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[39,41753,41755],{"className":41,"code":41754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41756,41757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41758,41759,41761,41763,41765,41767,41769,41771,41773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41760,109],{"class":108},[48,41762,91],{"class":84},[48,41764,1887],{"class":1047},[48,41766,91],{"class":84},[48,41768,94],{"class":62},[48,41770,41691],{"class":66},[48,41772,94],{"class":62},[48,41774,1034],{"class":84},[20,41776,2700,41777,8311,41779,41782],{},[15,41778,31],{},[15,41780,41781],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41784,10425],{},[162,41786,41787,41793],{},[165,41788,41789,41792],{},[15,41790,41791],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[165,41794,41795,41797],{},[15,41796,41750],{}," fails",[20,41799,41800,41801,41804,41805,41807],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[224,41802,41803],{"href":2573},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[224,41806,2120],{"href":2119}," helpful.",[34,41809,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,41811,41813],{"id":41812},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41815,41816,41817,1358,41819,32],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41818,2191],{},[15,41820,39853],{},[1200,41822,41824],{"id":41823},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41826,41827,41828,1358,41831,32],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41829,41830],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41832,41833],{},"\"10\"",[1200,41835,41837],{"id":41836},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41839,28776,41840,41842,41843,32],{},[15,41841,41239],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41844,31],{},[1200,41846,41848],{"id":41847},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41850,4855,41851,32],{},[15,41852,3473],{},[1200,41854,41856],{"id":41855},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41858,41859,41860,41862,41863,500,41866,41862,41868,32],{},"Yes. ",[15,41861,3306],{}," becomes ",[15,41864,41865],{},"1.0",[15,41867,3379],{},[15,41869,3473],{},[34,41871,1599],{"id":1598},[162,41873,41874,41878,41884,41889,41893,41897],{},[165,41875,41876],{},[224,41877,41803],{"href":2573},[165,41879,41880],{},[224,41881,41883],{"href":41882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[165,41885,41886],{},[224,41887,41888],{"href":40600},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[165,41890,41891],{},[224,41892,8769],{"href":8691},[165,41894,41895],{},[224,41896,40605],{"href":40604},[165,41898,41899],{},[224,41900,41901],{"href":7930},"Python input() Function Explained",[1633,41903,41904],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":41906},[41907,41908,41909,41910,41917,41922,41923,41930,41935,41942,41943,41950],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":39900,"depth":73,"text":39901},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":40125,"depth":73,"text":40126,"children":41911},[41912,41913,41914,41915,41916],{"id":40134,"depth":105,"text":40135},{"id":40198,"depth":105,"text":40199},{"id":40262,"depth":105,"text":40263},{"id":40304,"depth":105,"text":40305},{"id":40359,"depth":105,"text":40360},{"id":40398,"depth":73,"text":40399,"children":41918},[41919,41920,41921],{"id":40407,"depth":105,"text":40408},{"id":40492,"depth":105,"text":40493},{"id":40562,"depth":105,"text":40563},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":40754,"depth":73,"text":40755,"children":41924},[41925,41927,41928,41929],{"id":40758,"depth":105,"text":41926},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40851,"depth":105,"text":40852},{"id":40937,"depth":105,"text":40938},{"id":40999,"depth":105,"text":41000},{"id":41059,"depth":73,"text":41060,"children":41931},[41932,41933,41934],{"id":41068,"depth":105,"text":41069},{"id":41107,"depth":105,"text":41108},{"id":41148,"depth":105,"text":41149},{"id":41213,"depth":73,"text":41214,"children":41936},[41937,41938,41939,41940,41941],{"id":41223,"depth":105,"text":31},{"id":41289,"depth":105,"text":2703},{"id":41356,"depth":105,"text":41357},{"id":41430,"depth":105,"text":41431},{"id":41556,"depth":105,"text":41557},{"id":41658,"depth":73,"text":41659},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":41944},[41945,41946,41947,41948,41949],{"id":41812,"depth":105,"text":41813},{"id":41823,"depth":105,"text":41824},{"id":41836,"depth":105,"text":41837},{"id":41847,"depth":105,"text":41848},{"id":41855,"depth":105,"text":41856},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39801,"description":41951},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41958,"title":41959,"body":41960,"description":43180,"extension":1666,"meta":43181,"navigation":122,"path":34735,"seo":43182,"stem":43183,"__hash__":43184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41961,"toc":43146},[41962,41965,41970,41973,41975,42014,42028,42032,42037,42040,42057,42060,42070,42085,42088,42090,42093,42109,42112,42115,42135,42139,42150,42153,42157,42161,42175,42210,42214,42225,42260,42263,42265,42273,42306,42322,42324,42334,42355,42366,42368,42373,42376,42390,42392,42411,42414,42427,42430,42434,42438,42452,42455,42473,42476,42491,42495,42500,42514,42520,42522,42578,42580,42613,42616,42632,42636,42643,42647,42652,42655,42666,42670,42675,42690,42699,42704,42723,42726,42738,42740,42745,42755,42758,42787,42792,42801,42805,42810,42813,42817,42822,42824,42854,42857,42864,42869,42874,42878,42881,42889,42892,42970,42973,42995,42997,43001,43004,43008,43014,43077,43081,43089,43093,43096,43098,43123,43143],[10,41963,41959],{"id":41964},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41966,3284,41967,41969],{},[15,41968,34738],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41971,41972],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[34,41974,37],{"id":36},[39,41976,41978],{"className":41,"code":41977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41979,41980,41990,42000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,41981,41982,41984,41986,41988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,41983,31864],{"class":108},[48,41985,91],{"class":84},[48,41987,10874],{"class":108},[48,41989,102],{"class":84},[48,41991,41992,41994,41996,41998],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,41993,31864],{"class":108},[48,41995,91],{"class":84},[48,41997,3144],{"class":1047},[48,41999,102],{"class":84},[48,42001,42002,42004,42006,42008,42010,42012],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,42003,31864],{"class":108},[48,42005,91],{"class":84},[48,42007,3001],{"class":62},[48,42009,34372],{"class":66},[48,42011,3001],{"class":62},[48,42013,102],{"class":84},[20,42015,139,42016,42018,42019,1358,42021,42023,42024,42027],{},[15,42017,34738],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42020,10874],{},[15,42022,3144],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42025,42026],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[34,42029,42031],{"id":42030},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42033,42034,42036],{},[15,42035,34738],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42038,42039],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[162,42041,42042,42045,42048,42051,42054],{},[165,42043,42044],{},"Functions",[165,42046,42047],{},"Classes",[165,42049,42050],{},"Methods",[165,42052,42053],{},"Modules",[165,42055,42056],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42058,42059],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42061,42062,42063,42069],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[224,42064,42066],{"href":42065},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42067,42068],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[39,42071,42073],{"className":41,"code":42072,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\n",[15,42074,42075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42076,42077,42079,42081,42083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42078,31864],{"class":108},[48,42080,91],{"class":84},[48,42082,10874],{"class":108},[48,42084,102],{"class":84},[20,42086,42087],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[34,42089,340],{"id":339},[20,42091,42092],{},"The main form is:",[39,42094,42096],{"className":41,"code":42095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(object)\n",[15,42097,42098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42099,42100,42102,42104,42107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42101,31864],{"class":108},[48,42103,91],{"class":84},[48,42105,42106],{"class":1047},"object",[48,42108,102],{"class":84},[20,42110,42111],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42113,42114],{},"Common examples include:",[162,42116,42117,42121,42126,42130],{},[165,42118,42119],{},[15,42120,10874],{},[165,42122,42123],{},[15,42124,42125],{},"list.append",[165,42127,42128],{},[15,42129,3144],{},[165,42131,42132],{},[15,42133,42134],{},"open",[20,42136,6883,42137,6886],{},[15,42138,34738],{},[39,42140,42142],{"className":41,"code":42141,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help()\n",[15,42143,42144],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42145,42146,42148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42147,31864],{"class":108},[48,42149,8353],{"class":84},[20,42151,42152],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[34,42154,42156],{"id":42155},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1200,42158,42160],{"id":42159},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42162,42163,42164,1888,42166,1888,42168,16789,42171,32],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42165,10874],{},[15,42167,109],{},[15,42169,42170],{},"input",[224,42172,42173],{"href":1999},[15,42174,2002],{},[39,42176,42178],{"className":41,"code":42177,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42179,42180,42190,42200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42181,42182,42184,42186,42188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42183,31864],{"class":108},[48,42185,91],{"class":84},[48,42187,109],{"class":108},[48,42189,102],{"class":84},[48,42191,42192,42194,42196,42198],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42193,31864],{"class":108},[48,42195,91],{"class":84},[48,42197,42170],{"class":108},[48,42199,102],{"class":84},[48,42201,42202,42204,42206,42208],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,42203,31864],{"class":108},[48,42205,91],{"class":84},[48,42207,2921],{"class":1047},[48,42209,102],{"class":84},[1200,42211,42213],{"id":42212},"data-types","Data types",[20,42215,42216,42217,1888,42219,1888,42221,16789,42223,32],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42218,3144],{},[15,42220,7804],{},[15,42222,8532],{},[15,42224,5995],{},[39,42226,42228],{"className":41,"code":42227,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42229,42230,42240,42250],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42231,42232,42234,42236,42238],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42233,31864],{"class":108},[48,42235,91],{"class":84},[48,42237,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42239,102],{"class":84},[48,42241,42242,42244,42246,42248],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42243,31864],{"class":108},[48,42245,91],{"class":84},[48,42247,7804],{"class":1047},[48,42249,102],{"class":84},[48,42251,42252,42254,42256,42258],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,42253,31864],{"class":108},[48,42255,91],{"class":84},[48,42257,8532],{"class":1047},[48,42259,102],{"class":84},[20,42261,42262],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1200,42264,42050],{"id":34219},[20,42266,42267,42268,500,42271,32],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42269,42270],{},"str.split",[15,42272,42125],{},[39,42274,42276],{"className":41,"code":42275,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42277,42278,42292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42279,42280,42282,42284,42286,42288,42290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42281,31864],{"class":108},[48,42283,91],{"class":84},[48,42285,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42287,32],{"class":84},[48,42289,34182],{"class":24466},[48,42291,102],{"class":84},[48,42293,42294,42296,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42295,31864],{"class":108},[48,42297,91],{"class":84},[48,42299,7804],{"class":1047},[48,42301,32],{"class":84},[48,42303,13267],{"class":24466},[48,42305,102],{"class":84},[20,42307,42308,42309,8415,42311,28029,42316,42318,42319,42321],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42310,34738],{},[224,42312,42314],{"href":42313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42315,34024],{},[15,42317,34024],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42320,34738],{}," explains one of them.",[1200,42323,42053],{"id":34372},[20,42325,42326,42327,1888,42329,16789,42331,32],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42328,18134],{},[15,42330,34901],{},[15,42332,42333],{},"os",[39,42335,42337],{"className":41,"code":42336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42338,42339,42345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42340,42341,42343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42342,34802],{"class":1107},[48,42344,34805],{"class":54},[48,42346,42347,42349,42351,42353],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42348,31864],{"class":108},[48,42350,91],{"class":84},[48,42352,18134],{"class":87},[48,42354,102],{"class":84},[20,42356,42357,42358,42362,42363,32],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[224,42359,42361],{"href":42360},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[224,42364,34868],{"href":42365},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[34,42367,34629],{"id":34628},[20,42369,42370,42372],{},[15,42371,34738],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42374,42375],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[162,42377,42378,42381,42384,42387],{},[165,42379,42380],{},"The function signature",[165,42382,42383],{},"The short description",[165,42385,42386],{},"Parameter names",[165,42388,42389],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42391,5178],{},[39,42393,42395],{"className":41,"code":42394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42396,42397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42398,42399,42401,42403,42405,42407,42409],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42400,31864],{"class":108},[48,42402,91],{"class":84},[48,42404,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42406,32],{"class":84},[48,42408,34182],{"class":24466},[48,42410,102],{"class":84},[20,42412,42413],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[162,42415,42416,42419,42422,42424],{},[165,42417,42418],{},"What object this is",[165,42420,42421],{},"What arguments it accepts",[165,42423,21686],{},[165,42425,42426],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42428,42429],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[34,42431,42433],{"id":42432},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42435,42436,29587],{},[15,42437,34738],{},[162,42439,42440,42443,42446,42449],{},[165,42441,42442],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[165,42444,42445],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[165,42447,42448],{},"You are exploring a new module",[165,42450,42451],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42453,42454],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[39,42456,42457],{"className":41,"code":42394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,42458,42459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42460,42461,42463,42465,42467,42469,42471],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42462,31864],{"class":108},[48,42464,91],{"class":84},[48,42466,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42468,32],{"class":84},[48,42470,34182],{"class":24466},[48,42472,102],{"class":84},[20,42474,42475],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[39,42477,42479],{"className":41,"code":42478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(open)\n",[15,42480,42481],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42482,42483,42485,42487,42489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42484,31864],{"class":108},[48,42486,91],{"class":84},[48,42488,42134],{"class":108},[48,42490,102],{"class":84},[34,42492,42494],{"id":42493},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42496,42497,42499],{},[15,42498,34738],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[162,42501,42502,42505,42508,42511],{},[165,42503,42504],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[165,42506,42507],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[165,42509,42510],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[165,42512,42513],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42515,42516,42517,42519],{},"So, ",[15,42518,34738],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42521,5178],{},[39,42523,42525],{"className":41,"code":42524,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42526,42527,42540,42563,42567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42528,42529,42531,42533,42535,42538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42530,55],{"class":54},[48,42532,59],{"class":58},[48,42534,63],{"class":62},[48,42536,42537],{"class":66},"a,b,c",[48,42539,70],{"class":62},[48,42541,42542,42545,42547,42549,42551,42553,42555,42557,42559,42561],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42543,42544],{"class":54},"parts ",[48,42546,59],{"class":58},[48,42548,81],{"class":54},[48,42550,32],{"class":84},[48,42552,34182],{"class":87},[48,42554,91],{"class":84},[48,42556,94],{"class":62},[48,42558,365],{"class":66},[48,42560,94],{"class":62},[48,42562,102],{"class":84},[48,42564,42565],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,42566,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,42568,42569,42571,42573,42576],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,42570,109],{"class":108},[48,42572,91],{"class":84},[48,42574,42575],{"class":87},"parts",[48,42577,102],{"class":84},[20,42579,5266],{},[39,42581,42583],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42584,42585],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42586,42587,42589,42591,42593,42595,42597,42599,42601,42603,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42588,3605],{"class":84},[48,42590,3001],{"class":62},[48,42592,224],{"class":66},[48,42594,3001],{"class":62},[48,42596,365],{"class":84},[48,42598,2996],{"class":62},[48,42600,4466],{"class":66},[48,42602,3001],{"class":62},[48,42604,365],{"class":84},[48,42606,2996],{"class":62},[48,42608,632],{"class":66},[48,42610,3001],{"class":62},[48,42612,3339],{"class":84},[20,42614,42615],{},"A good workflow is:",[28428,42617,42618,42623,42626,42629],{},[165,42619,139,42620,42622],{},[15,42621,34738],{}," to inspect something",[165,42624,42625],{},"Write a tiny example",[165,42627,42628],{},"Check the result",[165,42630,42631],{},"Repeat",[34,42633,42635],{"id":42634},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42637,42638,500,42640,42642],{},[15,42639,34738],{},[15,42641,34024],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1200,42644,42645],{"id":31864},[15,42646,34738],{},[20,42648,139,42649,42651],{},[15,42650,34738],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42653,42654],{},"It tells you:",[162,42656,42657,42660,42663],{},[165,42658,42659],{},"What something is",[165,42661,42662],{},"How to use it",[165,42664,42665],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1200,42667,42668],{"id":34085},[15,42669,34024],{},[20,42671,139,42672,42674],{},[15,42673,34024],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[39,42676,42678],{"className":41,"code":42677,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dir(str)\n",[15,42679,42680],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42681,42682,42684,42686,42688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42683,34085],{"class":108},[48,42685,91],{"class":84},[48,42687,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42689,102],{"class":84},[20,42691,42692,42693,1888,42695,16789,42697,32],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42694,34182],{},[15,42696,8344],{},[15,42698,8350],{},[20,42700,42701,42702,503],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42703,34738],{},[39,42705,42707],{"className":41,"code":42706,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42708,42709],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42710,42711,42713,42715,42717,42719,42721],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42712,31864],{"class":108},[48,42714,91],{"class":84},[48,42716,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42718,32],{"class":84},[48,42720,8350],{"class":24466},[48,42722,102],{"class":84},[20,42724,42725],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[162,42727,42728,42733],{},[165,42729,139,42730,42732],{},[15,42731,34024],{}," to discover options",[165,42734,139,42735,42737],{},[15,42736,34738],{}," to understand one option",[34,42739,1366],{"id":1365},[20,42741,42742,42743,32],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42744,34738],{},[1200,42746,758,42748,42751,42752],{"id":42747},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42749,42750],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42753,42754],{},"help(len)",[20,42756,42757],{},"These are not always the same.",[39,42759,42761],{"className":41,"code":42760,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42762,42763,42773],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42764,42765,42767,42769,42771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42766,31864],{"class":108},[48,42768,91],{"class":84},[48,42770,10874],{"class":108},[48,42772,102],{"class":84},[48,42774,42775,42777,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42776,31864],{"class":108},[48,42778,91],{"class":84},[48,42780,3001],{"class":62},[48,42782,10874],{"class":66},[48,42784,3001],{"class":62},[48,42786,102],{"class":84},[20,42788,42789,42791],{},[15,42790,42754],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42793,42794,42796,42797,42800],{},[15,42795,42750],{}," treats ",[15,42798,42799],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1200,42802,42804],{"id":42803},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42806,42807,42809],{},[15,42808,34738],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42811,42812],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1200,42814,42816],{"id":42815},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42818,40053,42819,42821],{},[15,42820,34738],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42823,182],{},[39,42825,42827],{"className":41,"code":42826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42828,42829,42839],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42830,42831,42833,42835,42837],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42832,31864],{"class":108},[48,42834,91],{"class":84},[48,42836,10874],{"class":108},[48,42838,102],{"class":84},[48,42840,42841,42843,42845,42847,42850,42852],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42842,109],{"class":108},[48,42844,91],{"class":84},[48,42846,94],{"class":62},[48,42848,42849],{"class":66},"Done",[48,42851,94],{"class":62},[48,42853,102],{"class":84},[20,42855,42856],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1200,42858,36914,42860,8415,42862],{"id":42859},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42861,34738],{},[15,42863,34024],{},[20,42865,42866,42867,32],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42868,34024],{},[20,42870,42871,42872,32],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42873,34738],{},[34,42875,42877],{"id":42876},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42879,42880],{},"Open Python:",[39,42882,42883],{"className":41,"code":35254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,42884,42885],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42886,42887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42888,35254],{"class":54},[20,42890,42891],{},"Then test these commands:",[39,42893,42895],{"className":41,"code":42894,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42896,42897,42907,42921,42935,42945,42960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,42898,42899,42901,42903,42905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,42900,31864],{"class":108},[48,42902,91],{"class":84},[48,42904,10874],{"class":108},[48,42906,102],{"class":84},[48,42908,42909,42911,42913,42915,42917,42919],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,42910,31864],{"class":108},[48,42912,91],{"class":84},[48,42914,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42916,32],{"class":84},[48,42918,34182],{"class":24466},[48,42920,102],{"class":84},[48,42922,42923,42925,42927,42929,42931,42933],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,42924,31864],{"class":108},[48,42926,91],{"class":84},[48,42928,7804],{"class":1047},[48,42930,32],{"class":84},[48,42932,13267],{"class":24466},[48,42934,102],{"class":84},[48,42936,42937,42939,42941,42943],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,42938,31864],{"class":108},[48,42940,91],{"class":84},[48,42942,42134],{"class":108},[48,42944,102],{"class":84},[48,42946,42947,42949,42951,42953,42956,42958],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,42948,31864],{"class":108},[48,42950,91],{"class":84},[48,42952,3001],{"class":62},[48,42954,42955],{"class":66},"keywords",[48,42957,3001],{"class":62},[48,42959,102],{"class":84},[48,42961,42962,42964,42966,42968],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,42963,34085],{"class":108},[48,42965,91],{"class":84},[48,42967,3144],{"class":1047},[48,42969,102],{"class":84},[20,42971,42972],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[162,42974,42975,42978,42981,42984,42987,42990],{},[165,42976,42977],{},"A built-in function",[165,42979,42980],{},"A string method",[165,42982,42983],{},"A list method",[165,42985,42986],{},"A built-in file function",[165,42988,42989],{},"A special help topic",[165,42991,14904,42992,42994],{},[15,42993,34024],{}," example for comparison",[34,42996,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,42998,43000],{"id":42999},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43002,43003],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1200,43005,43007],{"id":43006},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43009,43010,43011,43013],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43012,34738],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[39,43015,43017],{"className":41,"code":43016,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43018,43019,43031,43044,43063,43067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43020,43021,43023,43025,43027,43029],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43022,34563],{"class":1767},[48,43024,34567],{"class":34566},[48,43026,91],{"class":84},[48,43028,7377],{"class":37373},[48,43030,8053],{"class":84},[48,43032,43033,43037,43041],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43034,43036],{"class":43035},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[48,43038,43040],{"class":43039},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[48,43042,43043],{"class":43035},"\"\"\"\n",[48,43045,43046,43048,43051,43054,43056,43058,43060],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43047,34574],{"class":1107},[48,43049,43050],{"class":1767}," f",[48,43052,43053],{"class":66},"\"Hello, ",[48,43055,8990],{"class":488},[48,43057,7377],{"class":54},[48,43059,22018],{"class":488},[48,43061,43062],{"class":66},"!\"\n",[48,43064,43065],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43066,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43068,43069,43071,43073,43075],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43070,31864],{"class":108},[48,43072,91],{"class":84},[48,43074,34608],{"class":87},[48,43076,102],{"class":84},[1200,43078,43080],{"id":43079},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43082,43083,43085,43086,43088],{},[15,43084,42754],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43087,42750],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1200,43090,43092],{"id":43091},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43094,43095],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[34,43097,1599],{"id":1598},[162,43099,43100,43105,43109,43114,43119],{},[165,43101,43102],{},[224,43103,43104],{"href":42313},"Python dir() function explained",[165,43106,43107],{},[224,43108,8153],{"href":1999},[165,43110,43111],{},[224,43112,43113],{"href":42065},"Python len() function explained",[165,43115,43116],{},[224,43117,43118],{"href":42360},"How import works in Python",[165,43120,43121],{},[224,43122,34868],{"href":42365},[20,43124,43125,43126,43128,43129,1888,43131,16789,43133,43135,43136,1358,43139,43142],{},"Try ",[15,43127,34738],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43130,10874],{},[15,43132,109],{},[15,43134,42170],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43137,43138],{},"dir(str)",[15,43140,43141],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1633,43144,43145],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":43147},[43148,43149,43150,43151,43157,43158,43159,43160,43164,43172,43173,43179],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":42030,"depth":73,"text":42031},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":42155,"depth":73,"text":42156,"children":43152},[43153,43154,43155,43156],{"id":42159,"depth":105,"text":42160},{"id":42212,"depth":105,"text":42213},{"id":34219,"depth":105,"text":42050},{"id":34372,"depth":105,"text":42053},{"id":34628,"depth":73,"text":34629},{"id":42432,"depth":73,"text":42433},{"id":42493,"depth":73,"text":42494},{"id":42634,"depth":73,"text":42635,"children":43161},[43162,43163],{"id":31864,"depth":105,"text":34738},{"id":34085,"depth":105,"text":34024},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":43165},[43166,43168,43169,43170],{"id":42747,"depth":105,"text":43167},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42803,"depth":105,"text":42804},{"id":42815,"depth":105,"text":42816},{"id":42859,"depth":105,"text":43171},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42876,"depth":73,"text":42877},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":43174},[43175,43176,43177,43178],{"id":42999,"depth":105,"text":43000},{"id":43006,"depth":105,"text":43007},{"id":43079,"depth":105,"text":43080},{"id":43091,"depth":105,"text":43092},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41959,"description":43180},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43186,"title":43187,"body":43188,"description":44549,"extension":1666,"meta":44550,"navigation":122,"path":44551,"seo":44552,"stem":44553,"__hash__":44554},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43189,"toc":44522},[43190,43196,43201,43207,43217,43276,43286,43297,43302,43308,43310,43328,43336,43338,43340,43355,43358,43369,43371,43462,43465,43469,43474,43495,43497,43608,43610,43637,43648,43652,43655,43738,43740,43748,43754,43760,43764,43767,43877,43879,43892,43895,43909,43917,43923,43928,43942,43948,44061,44063,44124,44127,44133,44139,44142,44164,44167,44237,44240,44272,44279,44281,44284,44302,44305,44317,44323,44325,44330,44356,44359,44431,44433,44439,44442,44448,44451,44457,44467,44473,44476,44483,44486,44488,44519],[10,43191,3277,43193,3281],{"id":43192},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43194,43195],{},"id()",[20,43197,32029,43198,43200],{},[15,43199,43195],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43202,43203,43204,43206],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43205,43195],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43208,139,43209,43211,43212,43214,43215,32],{},[15,43210,43195],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[565,43213,1055],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43216,4393],{},[39,43218,43220],{"className":41,"code":43219,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43221,43222,43234,43248,43252,43262],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43223,43224,43226,43228,43230,43232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43225,7587],{"class":54},[48,43227,59],{"class":58},[48,43229,63],{"class":62},[48,43231,7005],{"class":66},[48,43233,70],{"class":62},[48,43235,43236,43238,43240,43242,43244,43246],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43237,109],{"class":108},[48,43239,91],{"class":84},[48,43241,12363],{"class":108},[48,43243,91],{"class":84},[48,43245,7377],{"class":87},[48,43247,1034],{"class":84},[48,43249,43250],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43251,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43253,43254,43257,43259],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43255,43256],{"class":54},"other ",[48,43258,59],{"class":58},[48,43260,43261],{"class":54}," name\n",[48,43263,43264,43266,43268,43270,43272,43274],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43265,109],{"class":108},[48,43267,91],{"class":84},[48,43269,12363],{"class":108},[48,43271,91],{"class":84},[48,43273,30454],{"class":87},[48,43275,1034],{"class":84},[20,43277,43278,43279,43282,43283,43285],{},"In this example, ",[15,43280,43281],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43284,43195],{}," values match.",[43287,43288,43289],"blockquote",{},[20,43290,139,43291,43293,43294,43296],{},[15,43292,43195],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43295,4393],{}," for value comparison.",[34,43298,148,43300,152],{"id":43299},"what-id-does",[15,43301,43195],{},[20,43303,43304,43307],{},[15,43305,43306],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43309,160],{},[162,43311,43312,43315,43322,43325],{},[165,43313,43314],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[165,43316,43317,43318,43321],{},"It shows ",[565,43319,43320],{},"object identity",", not object value",[165,43323,43324],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[165,43326,43327],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43329,43330,43331,43335],{},"This is closely related to how ",[224,43332,43334],{"href":43333},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[34,43337,340],{"id":339},[20,43339,5140],{},[39,43341,43343],{"className":41,"code":43342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"id(object)\n",[15,43344,43345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43346,43347,43349,43351,43353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43348,12363],{"class":108},[48,43350,91],{"class":84},[48,43352,42106],{"class":1047},[48,43354,102],{"class":84},[20,43356,43357],{},"Important details:",[162,43359,43360,43363,43366],{},[165,43361,43362],{},"It takes one argument",[165,43364,43365],{},"It returns an integer",[165,43367,43368],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43370,182],{},[39,43372,43374],{"className":41,"code":43373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43375,43376,43388,43396,43416,43420,43434,43448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43377,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43379,55],{"class":54},[48,43381,59],{"class":58},[48,43383,63],{"class":62},[48,43385,1008],{"class":66},[48,43387,70],{"class":62},[48,43389,43390,43392,43394],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43391,1916],{"class":54},[48,43393,59],{"class":58},[48,43395,2468],{"class":488},[48,43397,43398,43400,43402,43404,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43399,7489],{"class":54},[48,43401,59],{"class":58},[48,43403,3326],{"class":84},[48,43405,272],{"class":488},[48,43407,365],{"class":84},[48,43409,489],{"class":488},[48,43411,365],{"class":84},[48,43413,2152],{"class":488},[48,43415,3339],{"class":84},[48,43417,43418],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43419,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43421,43422,43424,43426,43428,43430,43432],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43423,109],{"class":108},[48,43425,91],{"class":84},[48,43427,12363],{"class":108},[48,43429,91],{"class":84},[48,43431,213],{"class":87},[48,43433,1034],{"class":84},[48,43435,43436,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,43437,109],{"class":108},[48,43439,91],{"class":84},[48,43441,12363],{"class":108},[48,43443,91],{"class":84},[48,43445,1939],{"class":87},[48,43447,1034],{"class":84},[48,43449,43450,43452,43454,43456,43458,43460],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,43451,109],{"class":108},[48,43453,91],{"class":84},[48,43455,12363],{"class":108},[48,43457,91],{"class":84},[48,43459,7520],{"class":87},[48,43461,1034],{"class":84},[20,43463,43464],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[34,43466,43468],{"id":43467},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43470,43471,43472,32],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43473,43195],{},[162,43475,43476,43483,43490],{},[165,43477,43478,43480,43481],{},[15,43479,4393],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[565,43482,362],{},[165,43484,43485,43487,43488],{},[15,43486,11907],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[565,43489,42106],{},[165,43491,43492,43494],{},[15,43493,43195],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43496,182],{},[39,43498,43500],{"className":41,"code":43499,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43501,43502,43522,43542,43546,43563,43580,43594],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43503,43504,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43505,2253],{"class":54},[48,43507,59],{"class":58},[48,43509,3326],{"class":84},[48,43511,272],{"class":488},[48,43513,365],{"class":84},[48,43515,489],{"class":488},[48,43517,365],{"class":84},[48,43519,2152],{"class":488},[48,43521,3339],{"class":84},[48,43523,43524,43526,43528,43530,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43525,2281],{"class":54},[48,43527,59],{"class":58},[48,43529,3326],{"class":84},[48,43531,272],{"class":488},[48,43533,365],{"class":84},[48,43535,489],{"class":488},[48,43537,365],{"class":84},[48,43539,2152],{"class":488},[48,43541,3339],{"class":84},[48,43543,43544],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43545,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43547,43548,43550,43552,43554,43556,43558,43560],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43549,109],{"class":108},[48,43551,91],{"class":84},[48,43553,2253],{"class":87},[48,43555,4393],{"class":58},[48,43557,2258],{"class":87},[48,43559,3366],{"class":84},[48,43561,43562],{"class":129},"   # True\n",[48,43564,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43566,109],{"class":108},[48,43568,91],{"class":84},[48,43570,2253],{"class":87},[48,43572,11907],{"class":1107},[48,43574,2258],{"class":87},[48,43576,3366],{"class":84},[48,43578,43579],{"class":129},"   # False\n",[48,43581,43582,43584,43586,43588,43590,43592],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,43583,109],{"class":108},[48,43585,91],{"class":84},[48,43587,12363],{"class":108},[48,43589,91],{"class":84},[48,43591,224],{"class":87},[48,43593,1034],{"class":84},[48,43595,43596,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,43597,109],{"class":108},[48,43599,91],{"class":84},[48,43601,12363],{"class":108},[48,43603,91],{"class":84},[48,43605,4466],{"class":87},[48,43607,1034],{"class":84},[20,43609,261],{},[162,43611,43612,43620,43628],{},[165,43613,43614,4489,43617,43619],{},[15,43615,43616],{},"a == b",[15,43618,3306],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[165,43621,43622,4489,43625,43627],{},[15,43623,43624],{},"a is b",[15,43626,3379],{}," because they are different list objects",[165,43629,43630,500,43633,43636],{},[15,43631,43632],{},"id(a)",[15,43634,43635],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43638,43639,43640,500,43644,32],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[224,43641,43643],{"href":43642},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[224,43645,43647],{"href":43646},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[34,43649,43651],{"id":43650},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43653,43654],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[39,43656,43658],{"className":41,"code":43657,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43659,43660,43680,43690,43694,43708,43723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43661,43662,43664,43666,43668,43670,43672,43674,43676,43678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43663,3321],{"class":54},[48,43665,59],{"class":58},[48,43667,3326],{"class":84},[48,43669,2031],{"class":488},[48,43671,365],{"class":84},[48,43673,7500],{"class":488},[48,43675,365],{"class":84},[48,43677,7505],{"class":488},[48,43679,3339],{"class":84},[48,43681,43682,43685,43687],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43683,43684],{"class":54},"other_numbers ",[48,43686,59],{"class":58},[48,43688,43689],{"class":54}," numbers\n",[48,43691,43692],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43693,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43695,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704,43706],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43697,109],{"class":108},[48,43699,91],{"class":84},[48,43701,12363],{"class":108},[48,43703,91],{"class":84},[48,43705,3353],{"class":87},[48,43707,1034],{"class":84},[48,43709,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43721],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43711,109],{"class":108},[48,43713,91],{"class":84},[48,43715,12363],{"class":108},[48,43717,91],{"class":84},[48,43719,43720],{"class":87},"other_numbers",[48,43722,1034],{"class":84},[48,43724,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43736],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,43726,109],{"class":108},[48,43728,91],{"class":84},[48,43730,3321],{"class":87},[48,43732,11907],{"class":1107},[48,43734,43735],{"class":87}," other_numbers",[48,43737,102],{"class":84},[20,43739,5266],{},[39,43741,43742],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,43743,43744],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43745,43746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43747,3685],{"class":3556},[20,43749,43750,43751,43753],{},"The two ",[15,43752,43195],{}," values will also match.",[20,43755,21904,43756,43759],{},[15,43757,43758],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[34,43761,43763],{"id":43762},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43765,43766],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[39,43768,43770],{"className":41,"code":43769,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43771,43772,43793,43814,43818,43833,43847,43862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43773,43774,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43775,43776],{"class":54},"list_a ",[48,43778,59],{"class":58},[48,43780,3326],{"class":84},[48,43782,272],{"class":488},[48,43784,365],{"class":84},[48,43786,489],{"class":488},[48,43788,365],{"class":84},[48,43790,2152],{"class":488},[48,43792,3339],{"class":84},[48,43794,43795,43798,43800,43802,43804,43806,43808,43810,43812],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43796,43797],{"class":54},"list_b ",[48,43799,59],{"class":58},[48,43801,3326],{"class":84},[48,43803,272],{"class":488},[48,43805,365],{"class":84},[48,43807,489],{"class":488},[48,43809,365],{"class":84},[48,43811,2152],{"class":488},[48,43813,3339],{"class":84},[48,43815,43816],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43817,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43819,43820,43822,43824,43826,43828,43831],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43821,109],{"class":108},[48,43823,91],{"class":84},[48,43825,43776],{"class":87},[48,43827,4393],{"class":58},[48,43829,43830],{"class":87}," list_b",[48,43832,102],{"class":84},[48,43834,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,43836,109],{"class":108},[48,43838,91],{"class":84},[48,43840,43776],{"class":87},[48,43842,11907],{"class":1107},[48,43844,43830],{"class":87},[48,43846,102],{"class":84},[48,43848,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857,43860],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,43850,109],{"class":108},[48,43852,91],{"class":84},[48,43854,12363],{"class":108},[48,43856,91],{"class":84},[48,43858,43859],{"class":87},"list_a",[48,43861,1034],{"class":84},[48,43863,43864,43866,43868,43870,43872,43875],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,43865,109],{"class":108},[48,43867,91],{"class":84},[48,43869,12363],{"class":108},[48,43871,91],{"class":84},[48,43873,43874],{"class":87},"list_b",[48,43876,1034],{"class":84},[20,43878,5266],{},[39,43880,43882],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43883,43884,43888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43885,43886],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43887,3685],{"class":3556},[48,43889,43890],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43891,3746],{"class":3556},[20,43893,43894],{},"What this means:",[162,43896,43897,43900,43903],{},[165,43898,43899],{},"The lists are equal in value",[165,43901,43902],{},"They are not the same object",[165,43904,43905,43906,43908],{},"Their ",[15,43907,43195],{}," values are usually different",[20,43910,43911,43912,43914,43915,32],{},"This is why ",[15,43913,43195],{}," should not replace ",[15,43916,4393],{},[34,43918,979,43920,43922],{"id":43919},"when-id-is-useful",[15,43921,43195],{}," is useful",[20,43924,43925,43927],{},[15,43926,43195],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[162,43929,43930,43933,43936,43939],{},[165,43931,43932],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[165,43934,43935],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[165,43937,43938],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[165,43940,43941],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43943,43944,43945,43947],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43946,43195],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[39,43949,43951],{"className":41,"code":43950,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43952,43953,43977,43986,43990,44009,44013,44023,44033,44047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,43954,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,43956,11799],{"class":54},[48,43958,59],{"class":58},[48,43960,3326],{"class":84},[48,43962,94],{"class":62},[48,43964,224],{"class":66},[48,43966,94],{"class":62},[48,43968,365],{"class":84},[48,43970,63],{"class":62},[48,43972,4466],{"class":66},[48,43974,94],{"class":62},[48,43976,3339],{"class":84},[48,43978,43979,43982,43984],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,43980,43981],{"class":54},"copy_ref ",[48,43983,59],{"class":58},[48,43985,11837],{"class":54},[48,43987,43988],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,43989,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,43991,43992,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,43993,43994],{"class":54},"copy_ref",[48,43996,32],{"class":84},[48,43998,13267],{"class":87},[48,44000,91],{"class":84},[48,44002,94],{"class":62},[48,44004,632],{"class":66},[48,44006,94],{"class":62},[48,44008,102],{"class":84},[48,44010,44011],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,44012,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,44014,44015,44017,44019,44021],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,44016,109],{"class":108},[48,44018,91],{"class":84},[48,44020,11846],{"class":87},[48,44022,102],{"class":84},[48,44024,44025,44027,44029,44031],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,44026,109],{"class":108},[48,44028,91],{"class":84},[48,44030,43994],{"class":87},[48,44032,102],{"class":84},[48,44034,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,44036,109],{"class":108},[48,44038,91],{"class":84},[48,44040,12363],{"class":108},[48,44042,91],{"class":84},[48,44044,11846],{"class":87},[48,44046,1034],{"class":84},[48,44048,44049,44051,44053,44055,44057,44059],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,44050,109],{"class":108},[48,44052,91],{"class":84},[48,44054,12363],{"class":108},[48,44056,91],{"class":84},[48,44058,43994],{"class":87},[48,44060,1034],{"class":84},[20,44062,5266],{},[39,44064,44066],{"className":41,"code":44065,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44067,44068,44096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44069,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44071,3605],{"class":84},[48,44073,3001],{"class":62},[48,44075,224],{"class":66},[48,44077,3001],{"class":62},[48,44079,365],{"class":84},[48,44081,2996],{"class":62},[48,44083,4466],{"class":66},[48,44085,3001],{"class":62},[48,44087,365],{"class":84},[48,44089,2996],{"class":62},[48,44091,632],{"class":66},[48,44093,3001],{"class":62},[48,44095,3339],{"class":84},[48,44097,44098,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44099,3605],{"class":84},[48,44101,3001],{"class":62},[48,44103,224],{"class":66},[48,44105,3001],{"class":62},[48,44107,365],{"class":84},[48,44109,2996],{"class":62},[48,44111,4466],{"class":66},[48,44113,3001],{"class":62},[48,44115,365],{"class":84},[48,44117,2996],{"class":62},[48,44119,632],{"class":66},[48,44121,3001],{"class":62},[48,44123,3339],{"class":84},[20,44125,44126],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[34,44128,44130,44131],{"id":44129},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44132,43195],{},[20,44134,44135,44136,44138],{},"Do not use ",[15,44137,43195],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44140,44141],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[162,44143,44144,44150,44156,44159],{},[165,44145,44146,44147,44149],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44148,4393],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[165,44151,44152,44153,44155],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44154,43195],{}," values across program runs",[165,44157,44158],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[165,44160,44161,44162],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44163,43195],{},[20,44165,44166],{},"Bad example:",[39,44168,44170],{"className":41,"code":44169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44171,44172,44184,44196,44200,44222],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44173,44174,44176,44178,44180,44182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44175,2253],{"class":54},[48,44177,59],{"class":58},[48,44179,63],{"class":62},[48,44181,607],{"class":66},[48,44183,70],{"class":62},[48,44185,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44187,2281],{"class":54},[48,44189,59],{"class":58},[48,44191,63],{"class":62},[48,44193,607],{"class":66},[48,44195,70],{"class":62},[48,44197,44198],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,44199,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,44201,44202,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,44203,6705],{"class":1107},[48,44205,14531],{"class":108},[48,44207,91],{"class":84},[48,44209,224],{"class":87},[48,44211,3366],{"class":84},[48,44213,6116],{"class":58},[48,44215,14531],{"class":108},[48,44217,91],{"class":84},[48,44219,4466],{"class":87},[48,44221,8053],{"class":84},[48,44223,44224,44226,44228,44230,44233,44235],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,44225,1138],{"class":108},[48,44227,91],{"class":84},[48,44229,94],{"class":62},[48,44231,44232],{"class":66},"The values are equal",[48,44234,94],{"class":62},[48,44236,102],{"class":84},[20,44238,44239],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[39,44241,44243],{"className":41,"code":44242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44244,44245,44258],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44246,44247,44249,44252,44254,44256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44248,6705],{"class":1107},[48,44250,44251],{"class":54}," a ",[48,44253,4393],{"class":58},[48,44255,2258],{"class":54},[48,44257,1110],{"class":84},[48,44259,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44261,1138],{"class":108},[48,44263,91],{"class":84},[48,44265,94],{"class":62},[48,44267,44232],{"class":66},[48,44269,94],{"class":62},[48,44271,102],{"class":84},[20,44273,139,44274,1358,44276,44278],{},[15,44275,11907],{},[15,44277,43195],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[34,44280,20517],{"id":20516},[20,44282,44283],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[162,44285,44286,44289,44292,44297],{},[165,44287,44288],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[165,44290,44291],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[165,44293,44294,44295],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44296,43195],{},[165,44298,44299,44300],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44301,43195],{},[20,44303,44304],{},"The important rule is:",[162,44306,44307,44312],{},[165,44308,139,44309,44311],{},[15,44310,4393],{}," to check value",[165,44313,139,44314,44316],{},[15,44315,11907],{}," to check identity",[20,44318,44319,44320,44322],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44321,43195],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[34,44324,1366],{"id":1365},[20,44326,44327,44328,503],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44329,43195],{},[162,44331,44332,44340,44343,44346,44351],{},[165,44333,758,44334,44336,44337,44339],{},[15,44335,43195],{}," when ",[15,44338,4393],{}," should be used",[165,44341,44342],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[165,44344,44345],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[165,44347,44348,44349],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44350,43195],{},[165,44352,758,44353,44355],{},[15,44354,43195],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44357,44358],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[39,44360,44362],{"className":41,"code":44361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44363,44364,44379,44393,44407,44421],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44365,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44377],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44367,109],{"class":108},[48,44369,91],{"class":84},[48,44371,12363],{"class":108},[48,44373,91],{"class":84},[48,44375,44376],{"class":87},"my_object",[48,44378,1034],{"class":84},[48,44380,44381,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44382,109],{"class":108},[48,44384,91],{"class":84},[48,44386,2253],{"class":87},[48,44388,4393],{"class":58},[48,44390,2258],{"class":87},[48,44392,102],{"class":84},[48,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,44396,109],{"class":108},[48,44398,91],{"class":84},[48,44400,2253],{"class":87},[48,44402,11907],{"class":1107},[48,44404,2258],{"class":87},[48,44406,102],{"class":84},[48,44408,44409,44411,44413,44415,44417,44419],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,44410,109],{"class":108},[48,44412,91],{"class":84},[48,44414,2921],{"class":1047},[48,44416,91],{"class":84},[48,44418,44376],{"class":87},[48,44420,1034],{"class":84},[48,44422,44423,44425,44427,44429],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,44424,31864],{"class":108},[48,44426,91],{"class":84},[48,44428,12363],{"class":108},[48,44430,102],{"class":84},[34,44432,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,44434,44436,44437,1543],{"id":44435},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44438,43195],{},[20,44440,44441],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1200,44443,14618,44445,44447],{"id":44444},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44446,43195],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44449,44450],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1200,44452,21136,44454,44456],{"id":44453},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44455,43195],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44458,29983,44459,44461,44462,1358,44464,44466],{},[15,44460,4393],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44463,43195],{},[15,44465,11907],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1200,44468,44470,44471,1564],{"id":44469},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44472,43195],{},[20,44474,44475],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1200,44477,44479,44480,44482],{"id":44478},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44481,43195],{}," values?",[20,44484,44485],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[34,44487,1599],{"id":1598},[162,44489,44490,44495,44500,44505,44513],{},[165,44491,44492],{},[224,44493,44494],{"href":43333},"Python variables explained for beginners",[165,44496,44497],{},[224,44498,44499],{"href":43642},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[165,44501,44502],{},[224,44503,44504],{"href":43646},"Python data types overview",[165,44506,44507],{},[224,44508,3277,44510,3210],{"href":44509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44511,44512],{},"isinstance()",[165,44514,44515],{},[224,44516,44518],{"href":44517},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1633,44520,44521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":44523},[44524,44526,44527,44528,44529,44530,44532,44534,44535,44536,44548],{"id":43299,"depth":73,"text":44525},"What id() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":43467,"depth":73,"text":43468},{"id":43650,"depth":73,"text":43651},{"id":43762,"depth":73,"text":43763},{"id":43919,"depth":73,"text":44531},"When id() is useful",{"id":44129,"depth":73,"text":44533},"When not to use id()",{"id":20516,"depth":73,"text":20517},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":44537},[44538,44540,44542,44544,44546],{"id":44435,"depth":105,"text":44539},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44444,"depth":105,"text":44541},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44453,"depth":105,"text":44543},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44469,"depth":105,"text":44545},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44478,"depth":105,"text":44547},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43187,"description":44549},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44556,"title":41901,"body":44557,"description":46196,"extension":1666,"meta":46197,"navigation":122,"path":46198,"seo":46199,"stem":46200,"__hash__":46201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44558,"toc":46162},[44559,44564,44569,44572,44574,44617,44622,44625,44630,44635,44638,44654,44656,44700,44702,44729,44731,44746,44748,44750,44752,44768,44770,44782,44785,44819,44822,44847,44852,44854,44859,44863,44866,44868,44916,44918,44951,44957,44968,44970,45022,45024,45055,45057,45061,45065,45108,45114,45120,45172,45180,45185,45189,45280,45282,45315,45318,45320,45380,45382,45408,45418,45420,45424,45429,45434,45436,45473,45475,45494,45497,45501,45504,45560,45572,45581,45583,45610,45618,45625,45629,45632,45669,45672,45678,45715,45717,45721,45727,45745,45749,45797,45801,45890,45893,45900,45902,45904,45909,45927,45929,45972,45978,45995,45997,46059,46061,46063,46069,46077,46083,46089,46098,46108,46112,46120,46122,46124,46159],[10,44560,3277,44562,3281],{"id":44561},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44563,2656],{},[20,44565,765,44566,44568],{},[15,44567,2656],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44570,44571],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[34,44573,37],{"id":36},[39,44575,44577],{"className":41,"code":44576,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44578,44579,44598],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44580,44581,44583,44585,44587,44589,44591,44594,44596],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44582,7587],{"class":54},[48,44584,59],{"class":58},[48,44586,7953],{"class":108},[48,44588,91],{"class":84},[48,44590,94],{"class":62},[48,44592,44593],{"class":66},"Enter your name: ",[48,44595,94],{"class":62},[48,44597,102],{"class":84},[48,44599,44600,44602,44604,44606,44609,44611,44613,44615],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44601,109],{"class":108},[48,44603,91],{"class":84},[48,44605,94],{"class":62},[48,44607,44608],{"class":66},"Hello, ",[48,44610,94],{"class":62},[48,44612,2155],{"class":58},[48,44614,35703],{"class":87},[48,44616,102],{"class":84},[20,44618,139,44619,44621],{},[15,44620,2656],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44623,44624],"hr",{},[34,44626,148,44628,152],{"id":44627},"what-input-does",[15,44629,2656],{},[20,44631,44632,44634],{},[15,44633,2656],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44636,44637],{},"Here is what happens:",[162,44639,44640,44645,44648,44651],{},[165,44641,44642,44644],{},[15,44643,2656],{}," waits for the user to type",[165,44646,44647],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[165,44649,44650],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[165,44652,44653],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44655,182],{},[39,44657,44659],{"className":41,"code":44658,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44660,44661,44681],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44662,44663,44666,44668,44670,44672,44674,44677,44679],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44664,44665],{"class":54},"color ",[48,44667,59],{"class":58},[48,44669,7953],{"class":108},[48,44671,91],{"class":84},[48,44673,94],{"class":62},[48,44675,44676],{"class":66},"What is your favorite color? ",[48,44678,94],{"class":62},[48,44680,102],{"class":84},[48,44682,44683,44685,44687,44689,44692,44694,44696,44698],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44684,109],{"class":108},[48,44686,91],{"class":84},[48,44688,94],{"class":62},[48,44690,44691],{"class":66},"Your favorite color is",[48,44693,94],{"class":62},[48,44695,365],{"class":84},[48,44697,35562],{"class":87},[48,44699,102],{"class":84},[20,44701,29742],{},[39,44703,44705],{"className":41,"code":44704,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44706,44707,44720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44708,44709,44711,44713,44716,44718],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44710,148],{"class":54},[48,44712,11907],{"class":58},[48,44714,44715],{"class":54}," your favorite color",[48,44717,1564],{"class":37077},[48,44719,35592],{"class":54},[48,44721,44722,44725,44727],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44723,44724],{"class":54},"Your favorite color ",[48,44726,11907],{"class":58},[48,44728,35592],{"class":54},[20,44730,886],{},[162,44732,44733,44738,44743],{},[165,44734,44735,44736],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44737,44676],{},[165,44739,44740,44741],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44742,32603],{},[165,44744,44745],{},"That value is then printed",[44623,44747],{},[34,44749,340],{"id":339},[20,44751,6926],{},[39,44753,44755],{"className":41,"code":44754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44756,44757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44758,44759,44761,44763,44766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44760,42170],{"class":108},[48,44762,91],{"class":84},[48,44764,44765],{"class":87},"prompt",[48,44767,102],{"class":84},[20,44769,11170],{},[162,44771,44772,44776,44779],{},[165,44773,765,44774,19756],{},[15,44775,44765],{},[165,44777,44778],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[165,44780,44781],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44783,44784],{},"Example with a prompt:",[39,44786,44788],{"className":41,"code":44787,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44789,44790,44809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44791,44792,44794,44796,44798,44800,44802,44805,44807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44793,7672],{"class":54},[48,44795,59],{"class":58},[48,44797,7953],{"class":108},[48,44799,91],{"class":84},[48,44801,94],{"class":62},[48,44803,44804],{"class":66},"Enter your username: ",[48,44806,94],{"class":62},[48,44808,102],{"class":84},[48,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44812,109],{"class":108},[48,44814,91],{"class":84},[48,44816,7696],{"class":87},[48,44818,102],{"class":84},[20,44820,44821],{},"Example without a prompt:",[39,44823,44825],{"className":41,"code":44824,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44826,44827,44837],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44828,44829,44831,44833,44835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44830,2147],{"class":54},[48,44832,59],{"class":58},[48,44834,7953],{"class":108},[48,44836,8353],{"class":84},[48,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44840,109],{"class":108},[48,44842,91],{"class":84},[48,44844,362],{"class":87},[48,44846,102],{"class":84},[20,44848,7472,44849,44851],{},[15,44850,2656],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44623,44853],{},[34,44855,148,44857,11418],{"id":44856},"what-input-returns",[15,44858,2656],{},[20,44860,44861,7936],{},[15,44862,2656],{},[20,44864,44865],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44867,182],{},[39,44869,44871],{"className":41,"code":44870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44872,44873,44892,44902],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44888,44890],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44876,21344],{"class":54},[48,44878,59],{"class":58},[48,44880,7953],{"class":108},[48,44882,91],{"class":84},[48,44884,94],{"class":62},[48,44886,44887],{"class":66},"Enter your age: ",[48,44889,94],{"class":62},[48,44891,102],{"class":84},[48,44893,44894,44896,44898,44900],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44895,109],{"class":108},[48,44897,91],{"class":84},[48,44899,9011],{"class":87},[48,44901,102],{"class":84},[48,44903,44904,44906,44908,44910,44912,44914],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,44905,109],{"class":108},[48,44907,91],{"class":84},[48,44909,2921],{"class":1047},[48,44911,91],{"class":84},[48,44913,9011],{"class":87},[48,44915,1034],{"class":84},[20,44917,29742],{},[39,44919,44921],{"className":41,"code":44920,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44922,44923,44933,44937],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44924,44925,44928,44930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44926,44927],{"class":54},"Enter your age",[48,44929,503],{"class":84},[48,44931,44932],{"class":488}," 25\n",[48,44934,44935],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,44936,2408],{"class":488},[48,44938,44939,44941,44943,44945,44947,44949],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,44940,2990],{"class":58},[48,44942,2993],{"class":1767},[48,44944,2996],{"class":62},[48,44946,3144],{"class":66},[48,44948,3001],{"class":62},[48,44950,3004],{"class":58},[20,44952,44953,44954,44956],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44955,8905],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44958,44959,44960,1358,44964,32],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[224,44961,44962],{"href":2573},[15,44963,2576],{},[224,44965,44966],{"href":2579},[15,44967,2582],{},[20,44969,182],{},[39,44971,44973],{"className":41,"code":44972,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44974,44975,44998,45008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,44976,44977,44979,44981,44984,44986,44988,44990,44992,44994,44996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,44978,21344],{"class":54},[48,44980,59],{"class":58},[48,44982,44983],{"class":1047}," int",[48,44985,91],{"class":84},[48,44987,42170],{"class":108},[48,44989,91],{"class":84},[48,44991,94],{"class":62},[48,44993,44887],{"class":66},[48,44995,94],{"class":62},[48,44997,1034],{"class":84},[48,44999,45000,45002,45004,45006],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45001,109],{"class":108},[48,45003,91],{"class":84},[48,45005,9011],{"class":87},[48,45007,102],{"class":84},[48,45009,45010,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45011,109],{"class":108},[48,45013,91],{"class":84},[48,45015,2921],{"class":1047},[48,45017,91],{"class":84},[48,45019,9011],{"class":87},[48,45021,1034],{"class":84},[20,45023,29742],{},[39,45025,45027],{"className":41,"code":45026,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45028,45029,45037,45041],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45030,45031,45033,45035],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45032,44927],{"class":54},[48,45034,503],{"class":84},[48,45036,44932],{"class":488},[48,45038,45039],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45040,2408],{"class":488},[48,45042,45043,45045,45047,45049,45051,45053],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45044,2990],{"class":58},[48,45046,2993],{"class":1767},[48,45048,2996],{"class":62},[48,45050,1887],{"class":66},[48,45052,3001],{"class":62},[48,45054,3004],{"class":58},[44623,45056],{},[34,45058,45060],{"id":45059},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1200,45062,45064],{"id":45063},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[39,45066,45068],{"className":41,"code":45067,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45069,45070,45089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45071,45072,45074,45076,45078,45080,45082,45085,45087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45073,7587],{"class":54},[48,45075,59],{"class":58},[48,45077,7953],{"class":108},[48,45079,91],{"class":84},[48,45081,94],{"class":62},[48,45083,45084],{"class":66},"What is your name? ",[48,45086,94],{"class":62},[48,45088,102],{"class":84},[48,45090,45091,45093,45095,45097,45100,45102,45104,45106],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45092,109],{"class":108},[48,45094,91],{"class":84},[48,45096,94],{"class":62},[48,45098,45099],{"class":66},"Hello,",[48,45101,94],{"class":62},[48,45103,365],{"class":84},[48,45105,35703],{"class":87},[48,45107,102],{"class":84},[20,45109,45110,45111,45113],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45112,7377],{}," and prints it.",[1200,45115,45117,45118],{"id":45116},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45119,2576],{},[39,45121,45123],{"className":41,"code":45122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45124,45125,45148],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45126,45127,45129,45131,45133,45135,45137,45139,45141,45144,45146],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45128,21344],{"class":54},[48,45130,59],{"class":58},[48,45132,44983],{"class":1047},[48,45134,91],{"class":84},[48,45136,42170],{"class":108},[48,45138,91],{"class":84},[48,45140,94],{"class":62},[48,45142,45143],{"class":66},"How old are you? ",[48,45145,94],{"class":62},[48,45147,1034],{"class":84},[48,45149,45150,45152,45154,45156,45159,45161,45163,45166,45168,45170],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45151,109],{"class":108},[48,45153,91],{"class":84},[48,45155,94],{"class":62},[48,45157,45158],{"class":66},"Next year you will be",[48,45160,94],{"class":62},[48,45162,365],{"class":84},[48,45164,45165],{"class":87}," age ",[48,45167,1761],{"class":58},[48,45169,5204],{"class":488},[48,45171,102],{"class":84},[20,45173,5768,45174,45176,45177,45179],{},[15,45175,2576],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45178,2656],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45181,45182,45183,32],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[224,45184,8692],{"href":8691},[1200,45186,45188],{"id":45187},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[39,45190,45192],{"className":41,"code":45191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45193,45194,45218,45242,45256,45260],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45195,45196,45199,45201,45203,45205,45207,45209,45211,45214,45216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45197,45198],{"class":54},"num1 ",[48,45200,59],{"class":58},[48,45202,44983],{"class":1047},[48,45204,91],{"class":84},[48,45206,42170],{"class":108},[48,45208,91],{"class":84},[48,45210,94],{"class":62},[48,45212,45213],{"class":66},"Enter the first number: ",[48,45215,94],{"class":62},[48,45217,1034],{"class":84},[48,45219,45220,45223,45225,45227,45229,45231,45233,45235,45238,45240],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45221,45222],{"class":54},"num2 ",[48,45224,59],{"class":58},[48,45226,44983],{"class":1047},[48,45228,91],{"class":84},[48,45230,42170],{"class":108},[48,45232,91],{"class":84},[48,45234,94],{"class":62},[48,45236,45237],{"class":66},"Enter the second number: ",[48,45239,94],{"class":62},[48,45241,1034],{"class":84},[48,45243,45244,45246,45248,45251,45253],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45245,40892],{"class":54},[48,45247,59],{"class":58},[48,45249,45250],{"class":54}," num1 ",[48,45252,1761],{"class":58},[48,45254,45255],{"class":54}," num2\n",[48,45257,45258],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,45259,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,45261,45262,45264,45266,45268,45271,45273,45275,45278],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,45263,109],{"class":108},[48,45265,91],{"class":84},[48,45267,94],{"class":62},[48,45269,45270],{"class":66},"Total:",[48,45272,94],{"class":62},[48,45274,365],{"class":84},[48,45276,45277],{"class":87}," total",[48,45279,102],{"class":84},[20,45281,29742],{},[39,45283,45285],{"className":41,"code":45284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45286,45287,45297,45306],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45288,45289,45292,45294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45290,45291],{"class":54},"Enter the first number",[48,45293,503],{"class":84},[48,45295,45296],{"class":488}," 2\n",[48,45298,45299,45302,45304],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45300,45301],{"class":54},"Enter the second number",[48,45303,503],{"class":84},[48,45305,2276],{"class":488},[48,45307,45308,45311,45313],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45309,45310],{"class":54},"Total",[48,45312,503],{"class":84},[48,45314,34554],{"class":488},[20,45316,45317],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45319,182],{},[39,45321,45323],{"className":41,"code":45322,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45324,45325,45343,45361,45365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45326,45327,45329,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339,45341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45328,45198],{"class":54},[48,45330,59],{"class":58},[48,45332,7953],{"class":108},[48,45334,91],{"class":84},[48,45336,94],{"class":62},[48,45338,45213],{"class":66},[48,45340,94],{"class":62},[48,45342,102],{"class":84},[48,45344,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45346,45222],{"class":54},[48,45348,59],{"class":58},[48,45350,7953],{"class":108},[48,45352,91],{"class":84},[48,45354,94],{"class":62},[48,45356,45237],{"class":66},[48,45358,94],{"class":62},[48,45360,102],{"class":84},[48,45362,45363],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,45366,45367,45369,45371,45373,45375,45378],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,45368,109],{"class":108},[48,45370,91],{"class":84},[48,45372,45198],{"class":87},[48,45374,1761],{"class":58},[48,45376,45377],{"class":87}," num2",[48,45379,102],{"class":84},[20,45381,29742],{},[39,45383,45385],{"className":41,"code":45384,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45386,45387,45395,45403],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45388,45389,45391,45393],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45390,45291],{"class":54},[48,45392,503],{"class":84},[48,45394,45296],{"class":488},[48,45396,45397,45399,45401],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45398,45301],{"class":54},[48,45400,503],{"class":84},[48,45402,2276],{"class":488},[48,45404,45405],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45406,45407],{"class":488},"23\n",[20,45409,45410,45411,45414,45415,32],{},"That happens because ",[15,45412,45413],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45416,45417],{},"\"23\"",[44623,45419],{},[34,45421,45423],{"id":45422},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45425,45426,45427,32],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45428,2656],{},[1200,45430,4409,45432,41252],{"id":45431},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45433,2656],{},[20,45435,38908],{},[39,45437,45439],{"className":41,"code":45438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45440,45441,45459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45442,45443,45445,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45444,2147],{"class":54},[48,45446,59],{"class":58},[48,45448,7953],{"class":108},[48,45450,91],{"class":84},[48,45452,94],{"class":62},[48,45454,41580],{"class":66},[48,45456,94],{"class":62},[48,45458,102],{"class":84},[48,45460,45461,45463,45465,45467,45469,45471],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45462,109],{"class":108},[48,45464,91],{"class":84},[48,45466,2921],{"class":1047},[48,45468,91],{"class":84},[48,45470,362],{"class":87},[48,45472,1034],{"class":84},[20,45474,1037],{},[39,45476,45478],{"className":41,"code":45477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45479,45480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45481,45482,45484,45486,45488,45490,45492],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45483,2990],{"class":58},[48,45485,2993],{"class":1767},[48,45487,2996],{"class":62},[48,45489,3144],{"class":66},[48,45491,3001],{"class":62},[48,45493,3004],{"class":58},[20,45495,45496],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1200,45498,45500],{"id":45499},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45502,45503],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[39,45505,45507],{"className":41,"code":45506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45508,45509,45527,45546],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45510,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45512,2253],{"class":54},[48,45514,59],{"class":58},[48,45516,7953],{"class":108},[48,45518,91],{"class":84},[48,45520,94],{"class":62},[48,45522,41580],{"class":66},[48,45524,94],{"class":62},[48,45526,102],{"class":84},[48,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539,45542,45544],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45530,2281],{"class":54},[48,45532,59],{"class":58},[48,45534,7953],{"class":108},[48,45536,91],{"class":84},[48,45538,94],{"class":62},[48,45540,45541],{"class":66},"Enter another number: ",[48,45543,94],{"class":62},[48,45545,102],{"class":84},[48,45547,45548,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45549,109],{"class":108},[48,45551,91],{"class":84},[48,45553,2253],{"class":87},[48,45555,1761],{"class":58},[48,45557,2258],{"class":87},[48,45559,102],{"class":84},[20,45561,40830,45562,500,45564,45566,45567,18681,45570,32],{},[15,45563,907],{},[15,45565,1837],{},", the result is ",[15,45568,45569],{},"45",[15,45571,1845],{},[1200,45573,45575,45576,45578,45579],{"id":45574},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45577,31],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45580,2576],{},[20,45582,182],{},[39,45584,45586],{"className":41,"code":45585,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45587,45588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45589,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598,45600,45602,45604,45606,45608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45591,21344],{"class":54},[48,45593,59],{"class":58},[48,45595,44983],{"class":1047},[48,45597,91],{"class":84},[48,45599,42170],{"class":108},[48,45601,91],{"class":84},[48,45603,94],{"class":62},[48,45605,44887],{"class":66},[48,45607,94],{"class":62},[48,45609,1034],{"class":84},[20,45611,7982,45612,45615,45616,32],{},[15,45613,45614],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45617,31],{},[20,45619,45620,45621,32],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[224,45622,45624],{"href":45623},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1200,45626,45628],{"id":45627},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45630,45631],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[39,45633,45635],{"className":41,"code":45634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45636,45637,45655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45638,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45640,7587],{"class":54},[48,45642,59],{"class":58},[48,45644,7953],{"class":108},[48,45646,91],{"class":84},[48,45648,94],{"class":62},[48,45650,44593],{"class":66},[48,45652,94],{"class":62},[48,45654,102],{"class":84},[48,45656,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45658,109],{"class":108},[48,45660,91],{"class":84},[48,45662,1428],{"class":108},[48,45664,91],{"class":84},[48,45666,7377],{"class":87},[48,45668,1034],{"class":84},[20,45670,45671],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45673,45674,45675,503],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45676,45677],{},".strip()",[39,45679,45681],{"className":41,"code":45680,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45682,45683,45705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45684,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45701,45703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45686,7587],{"class":54},[48,45688,59],{"class":58},[48,45690,7953],{"class":108},[48,45692,91],{"class":84},[48,45694,94],{"class":62},[48,45696,44593],{"class":66},[48,45698,94],{"class":62},[48,45700,8341],{"class":84},[48,45702,8344],{"class":87},[48,45704,8353],{"class":84},[48,45706,45707,45709,45711,45713],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45708,109],{"class":108},[48,45710,91],{"class":84},[48,45712,7377],{"class":87},[48,45714,102],{"class":84},[44623,45716],{},[34,45718,45720],{"id":45719},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45722,45723,45724,45726],{},"These habits make ",[15,45725,2656],{}," easier and safer to use.",[162,45728,45729,45732,45737,45740],{},[165,45730,45731],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[165,45733,139,45734,45736],{},[15,45735,45677],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[165,45738,45739],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[165,45741,139,45742,45744],{},[15,45743,29497],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45746,776,45747,503],{},[15,45748,45677],{},[39,45750,45752],{"className":41,"code":45751,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45753,45754,45778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45755,45756,45759,45761,45763,45765,45767,45770,45772,45774,45776],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45757,45758],{"class":54},"city ",[48,45760,59],{"class":58},[48,45762,7953],{"class":108},[48,45764,91],{"class":84},[48,45766,94],{"class":62},[48,45768,45769],{"class":66},"Enter your city: ",[48,45771,94],{"class":62},[48,45773,8341],{"class":84},[48,45775,8344],{"class":87},[48,45777,8353],{"class":84},[48,45779,45780,45782,45784,45786,45789,45791,45793,45795],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45781,109],{"class":108},[48,45783,91],{"class":84},[48,45785,94],{"class":62},[48,45787,45788],{"class":66},"City:",[48,45790,94],{"class":62},[48,45792,365],{"class":84},[48,45794,31096],{"class":87},[48,45796,102],{"class":84},[20,45798,776,45799,503],{},[15,45800,29497],{},[39,45802,45804],{"className":41,"code":45803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45805,45806,45812,45835,45867,45875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45807,45808,45810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45809,1078],{"class":1107},[48,45811,1110],{"class":84},[48,45813,45814,45817,45819,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45815,45816],{"class":54},"    age ",[48,45818,59],{"class":58},[48,45820,44983],{"class":1047},[48,45822,91],{"class":84},[48,45824,42170],{"class":108},[48,45826,91],{"class":84},[48,45828,94],{"class":62},[48,45830,44887],{"class":66},[48,45832,94],{"class":62},[48,45834,1034],{"class":84},[48,45836,45837,45839,45841,45843,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45863,45865],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45838,1138],{"class":108},[48,45840,91],{"class":84},[48,45842,94],{"class":62},[48,45844,45845],{"class":66},"You will be",[48,45847,94],{"class":62},[48,45849,365],{"class":84},[48,45851,45165],{"class":87},[48,45853,1761],{"class":58},[48,45855,5204],{"class":488},[48,45857,365],{"class":84},[48,45859,63],{"class":62},[48,45861,45862],{"class":66},"next year",[48,45864,94],{"class":62},[48,45866,102],{"class":84},[48,45868,45869,45871,45873],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,45870,1081],{"class":1107},[48,45872,1151],{"class":1047},[48,45874,1110],{"class":84},[48,45876,45877,45879,45881,45883,45886,45888],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,45878,1138],{"class":108},[48,45880,91],{"class":84},[48,45882,94],{"class":62},[48,45884,45885],{"class":66},"Please enter a whole number.",[48,45887,94],{"class":62},[48,45889,102],{"class":84},[20,45891,45892],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45894,45895,45896,32],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[224,45897,45899],{"href":45898},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44623,45901],{},[34,45903,1366],{"id":1365},[20,45905,45906,45907,503],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45908,2656],{},[162,45910,45911,45918,45921,45924],{},[165,45912,45913,45914,1358,45916],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45915,2576],{},[15,45917,2582],{},[165,45919,45920],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[165,45922,45923],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[165,45925,45926],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45928,31794],{},[39,45930,45932],{"className":41,"code":45931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45933,45934,45944,45958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,45935,45936,45938,45940,45942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,45937,109],{"class":108},[48,45939,91],{"class":84},[48,45941,362],{"class":87},[48,45943,102],{"class":84},[48,45945,45946,45948,45950,45952,45954,45956],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,45947,109],{"class":108},[48,45949,91],{"class":84},[48,45951,2921],{"class":1047},[48,45953,91],{"class":84},[48,45955,362],{"class":87},[48,45957,1034],{"class":84},[48,45959,45960,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,45961,109],{"class":108},[48,45963,91],{"class":84},[48,45965,1428],{"class":108},[48,45967,91],{"class":84},[48,45969,362],{"class":87},[48,45971,1034],{"class":84},[20,45973,45974,45975,45977],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45976,2656],{}," actually returned:",[162,45979,45980,45985,45990],{},[165,45981,45982,45984],{},[15,45983,41536],{}," shows the value",[165,45986,45987,45989],{},[15,45988,41542],{}," shows the data type",[165,45991,45992,45994],{},[15,45993,41547],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45996,182],{},[39,45998,46000],{"className":41,"code":45999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46001,46002,46021,46031,46045],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46003,46004,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46017,46019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46005,2147],{"class":54},[48,46007,59],{"class":58},[48,46009,7953],{"class":108},[48,46011,91],{"class":84},[48,46013,94],{"class":62},[48,46015,46016],{"class":66},"Enter something: ",[48,46018,94],{"class":62},[48,46020,102],{"class":84},[48,46022,46023,46025,46027,46029],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46024,109],{"class":108},[48,46026,91],{"class":84},[48,46028,362],{"class":87},[48,46030,102],{"class":84},[48,46032,46033,46035,46037,46039,46041,46043],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46034,109],{"class":108},[48,46036,91],{"class":84},[48,46038,2921],{"class":1047},[48,46040,91],{"class":84},[48,46042,362],{"class":87},[48,46044,1034],{"class":84},[48,46046,46047,46049,46051,46053,46055,46057],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,46048,109],{"class":108},[48,46050,91],{"class":84},[48,46052,1428],{"class":108},[48,46054,91],{"class":84},[48,46056,362],{"class":87},[48,46058,1034],{"class":84},[44623,46060],{},[34,46062,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,46064,12418,46066,46068],{"id":46065},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46067,2656],{}," return an integer?",[20,46070,46071,46072,46074,46075,39639],{},"No. ",[15,46073,2656],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46076,2576],{},[1200,46078,46080,46081,1564],{"id":46079},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46082,2656],{},[20,46084,46085,46086,46088],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46087,2656],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1200,46090,4865,46092,46095,46096,1564],{"id":46091},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46093,46094],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46097,2656],{},[20,46099,28776,46100,46102,46103,41862,46105,46107],{},[15,46101,2656],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46104,45413],{},[15,46106,45417],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1200,46109,46111],{"id":46110},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46113,139,46114,46116,46117,32],{},[15,46115,45677],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46118,46119],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44623,46121],{},[34,46123,1599],{"id":1598},[162,46125,46126,46131,46135,46141,46147,46151],{},[165,46127,46128],{},[224,46129,46130],{"href":45898},"How to get user input in Python",[165,46132,46133],{},[224,46134,8769],{"href":8691},[165,46136,46137],{},[224,46138,3277,46139,3210],{"href":2573},[15,46140,2576],{},[165,46142,46143],{},[224,46144,3277,46145,3210],{"href":2579},[15,46146,2582],{},[165,46148,46149],{},[224,46150,45624],{"href":45623},[165,46152,46153],{},[224,46154,3277,46156,3210],{"href":46155},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46157,46158],{},"print()",[1633,46160,46161],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":46163},[46164,46165,46167,46168,46170,46176,46184,46185,46186,46195],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":44627,"depth":73,"text":46166},"What input() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":44856,"depth":73,"text":46169},"What input() returns",{"id":45059,"depth":73,"text":45060,"children":46171},[46172,46173,46175],{"id":45063,"depth":105,"text":45064},{"id":45116,"depth":105,"text":46174},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45187,"depth":105,"text":45188},{"id":45422,"depth":73,"text":45423,"children":46177},[46178,46180,46181,46183],{"id":45431,"depth":105,"text":46179},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45499,"depth":105,"text":45500},{"id":45574,"depth":105,"text":46182},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45627,"depth":105,"text":45628},{"id":45719,"depth":73,"text":45720},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":46187},[46188,46190,46192,46194],{"id":46065,"depth":105,"text":46189},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46079,"depth":105,"text":46191},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46091,"depth":105,"text":46193},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46110,"depth":105,"text":46111},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41901,"description":46196},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46203,"title":41803,"body":46204,"description":48517,"extension":1666,"meta":48518,"navigation":122,"path":48519,"seo":48520,"stem":48521,"__hash__":48522},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46205,"toc":48469},[46206,46211,46216,46221,46242,46245,46247,46307,46309,46328,46333,46338,46343,46345,46358,46360,46443,46445,46486,46492,46494,46524,46530,46533,46550,46552,46604,46606,46624,46630,46636,46639,46657,46659,46732,46734,46753,46760,46766,46771,46774,46834,46836,46855,46858,46861,46876,46882,46886,46947,46949,46970,46974,47103,47105,47235,47245,47251,47257,47265,47331,47333,47358,47361,47378,47391,47397,47400,47433,47435,47448,47451,47494,47496,47504,47511,47515,47522,47526,47553,47555,47563,47569,47586,47591,47595,47622,47624,47632,47636,47641,47644,47670,47673,47682,47690,47694,47704,47708,47711,47713,47764,47766,47796,47806,47833,47835,47843,47853,47857,47860,47862,47910,47912,47956,47962,48013,48015,48034,48039,48044,48047,48066,48069,48121,48123,48132,48134,48138,48142,48145,48154,48161,48163,48190,48194,48196,48205,48208,48215,48221,48281,48285,48287,48295,48298,48324,48330,48333,48353,48355,48364,48372,48374,48380,48385,48392,48402,48408,48416,48420,48423,48425,48466],[10,46207,3277,46209,3281],{"id":46208},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46210,2576],{},[20,46212,32029,46213,46215],{},[15,46214,2576],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46217,35117,46218,46220],{},[15,46219,2576],{}," when they want to:",[162,46222,46223,46233,46236,46239],{},[165,46224,46225,46226,46229,46230],{},"turn text like ",[15,46227,46228],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46231,46232],{},"42",[165,46234,46235],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[165,46237,46238],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[165,46240,46241],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46243,46244],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[34,46246,37],{"id":36},[39,46248,46250],{"className":41,"code":46249,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46251,46252,46270,46284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46253,46254,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266,46268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46255,109],{"class":108},[48,46257,91],{"class":84},[48,46259,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46261,91],{"class":84},[48,46263,94],{"class":62},[48,46265,46232],{"class":66},[48,46267,94],{"class":62},[48,46269,1034],{"class":84},[48,46271,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46273,109],{"class":108},[48,46275,91],{"class":84},[48,46277,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46279,91],{"class":84},[48,46281,41691],{"class":488},[48,46283,1034],{"class":84},[48,46285,46286,46288,46290,46292,46294,46296,46299,46301,46303,46305],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46287,109],{"class":108},[48,46289,91],{"class":84},[48,46291,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46293,91],{"class":84},[48,46295,94],{"class":62},[48,46297,46298],{"class":66},"101",[48,46300,94],{"class":62},[48,46302,365],{"class":84},[48,46304,489],{"class":488},[48,46306,1034],{"class":84},[20,46308,1037],{},[39,46310,46312],{"className":41,"code":46311,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46313,46314,46319,46324],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46315,46316],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46317,46318],{"class":488},"42\n",[48,46320,46321],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46322,46323],{"class":488},"3\n",[48,46325,46326],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46327,2645],{"class":488},[20,46329,139,46330,46332],{},[15,46331,2576],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[34,46334,148,46336,152],{"id":46335},"what-int-does",[15,46337,2576],{},[20,46339,46340,46342],{},[15,46341,2576],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46344,160],{},[162,46346,46347,46352,46355],{},[165,46348,46349,46350,7048],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46351,1887],{},[165,46353,46354],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[165,46356,46357],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46359,182],{},[39,46361,46363],{"className":41,"code":46362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46364,46365,46377,46391,46395,46405,46415,46429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46366,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46368,55],{"class":54},[48,46370,59],{"class":58},[48,46372,63],{"class":62},[48,46374,8905],{"class":66},[48,46376,70],{"class":62},[48,46378,46379,46381,46383,46385,46387,46389],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46380,1916],{"class":54},[48,46382,59],{"class":58},[48,46384,44983],{"class":1047},[48,46386,91],{"class":84},[48,46388,213],{"class":87},[48,46390,102],{"class":84},[48,46392,46393],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46394,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,46396,46397,46399,46401,46403],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,46398,109],{"class":108},[48,46400,91],{"class":84},[48,46402,213],{"class":87},[48,46404,102],{"class":84},[48,46406,46407,46409,46411,46413],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,46408,109],{"class":108},[48,46410,91],{"class":84},[48,46412,1939],{"class":87},[48,46414,102],{"class":84},[48,46416,46417,46419,46421,46423,46425,46427],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,46418,109],{"class":108},[48,46420,91],{"class":84},[48,46422,2921],{"class":1047},[48,46424,91],{"class":84},[48,46426,213],{"class":87},[48,46428,1034],{"class":84},[48,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,46432,109],{"class":108},[48,46434,91],{"class":84},[48,46436,2921],{"class":1047},[48,46438,91],{"class":84},[48,46440,1939],{"class":87},[48,46442,1034],{"class":84},[20,46444,1037],{},[39,46446,46448],{"className":41,"code":46447,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46449,46450,46454,46458,46472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46451,46452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46453,2408],{"class":488},[48,46455,46456],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46457,2408],{"class":488},[48,46459,46460,46462,46464,46466,46468,46470],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46461,2990],{"class":58},[48,46463,2993],{"class":1767},[48,46465,2996],{"class":62},[48,46467,3144],{"class":66},[48,46469,3001],{"class":62},[48,46471,3004],{"class":58},[48,46473,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,46475,2990],{"class":58},[48,46477,2993],{"class":1767},[48,46479,2996],{"class":62},[48,46481,1887],{"class":66},[48,46483,3001],{"class":62},[48,46485,3004],{"class":58},[20,46487,46488,46489,46491],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46490,2576],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[34,46493,340],{"id":339},[39,46495,46497],{"className":41,"code":46496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46498,46499,46509],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46500,46501,46503,46505,46507],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46502,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46504,91],{"class":84},[48,46506,1873],{"class":87},[48,46508,102],{"class":84},[48,46510,46511,46513,46515,46517,46519,46522],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46512,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46514,91],{"class":84},[48,46516,1873],{"class":87},[48,46518,365],{"class":84},[48,46520,46521],{"class":87}," base",[48,46523,102],{"class":84},[1200,46525,46527],{"id":46526},"intx",[15,46528,46529],{},"int(x)",[20,46531,46532],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[162,46534,46535,46540,46545],{},[165,46536,46537,46538],{},"a string such as ",[15,46539,41833],{},[165,46541,46542,46543],{},"a float such as ",[15,46544,41691],{},[165,46546,46547,46548],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46549,3306],{},[20,46551,182],{},[39,46553,46555],{"className":41,"code":46554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46556,46557,46575,46590],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46558,46559,46561,46563,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46560,109],{"class":108},[48,46562,91],{"class":84},[48,46564,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46566,91],{"class":84},[48,46568,94],{"class":62},[48,46570,2031],{"class":66},[48,46572,94],{"class":62},[48,46574,1034],{"class":84},[48,46576,46577,46579,46581,46583,46585,46588],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46578,109],{"class":108},[48,46580,91],{"class":84},[48,46582,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46584,91],{"class":84},[48,46586,46587],{"class":488},"8.7",[48,46589,1034],{"class":84},[48,46591,46592,46594,46596,46598,46600,46602],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46593,109],{"class":108},[48,46595,91],{"class":84},[48,46597,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46599,91],{"class":84},[48,46601,3306],{"class":3556},[48,46603,1034],{"class":84},[20,46605,1037],{},[39,46607,46609],{"className":41,"code":46608,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46610,46611,46615,46619],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46612,46613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46614,2077],{"class":488},[48,46616,46617],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46618,2082],{"class":488},[48,46620,46621],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46622,46623],{"class":488},"1\n",[1200,46625,46627],{"id":46626},"intx-base",[15,46628,46629],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46631,46632,46633,46635],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46634,1873],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46637,46638],{},"Common bases:",[162,46640,46641,46646,46651],{},[165,46642,46643,46645],{},[15,46644,280],{}," for binary",[165,46647,46648,46650],{},[15,46649,2046],{}," for octal",[165,46652,46653,46656],{},[15,46654,46655],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46658,182],{},[39,46660,46662],{"className":41,"code":46661,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46663,46664,46686,46709],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46665,46666,46668,46670,46672,46674,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46667,109],{"class":108},[48,46669,91],{"class":84},[48,46671,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46673,91],{"class":84},[48,46675,94],{"class":62},[48,46677,46298],{"class":66},[48,46679,94],{"class":62},[48,46681,365],{"class":84},[48,46683,489],{"class":488},[48,46685,1034],{"class":84},[48,46687,46688,46690,46692,46694,46696,46698,46701,46703,46705,46707],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46689,109],{"class":108},[48,46691,91],{"class":84},[48,46693,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46695,91],{"class":84},[48,46697,94],{"class":62},[48,46699,46700],{"class":66},"17",[48,46702,94],{"class":62},[48,46704,365],{"class":84},[48,46706,6068],{"class":488},[48,46708,1034],{"class":84},[48,46710,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46712,109],{"class":108},[48,46714,91],{"class":84},[48,46716,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46718,91],{"class":84},[48,46720,94],{"class":62},[48,46722,46723],{"class":66},"1A",[48,46725,94],{"class":62},[48,46727,365],{"class":84},[48,46729,13702],{"class":488},[48,46731,1034],{"class":84},[20,46733,1037],{},[39,46735,46737],{"className":41,"code":46736,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46738,46739,46743,46748],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46740,46741],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46742,2645],{"class":488},[48,46744,46745],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46746,46747],{"class":488},"15\n",[48,46749,46750],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46751,46752],{"class":488},"26\n",[20,46754,46755,46756,32],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[224,46757,46758,2003],{"href":2579},[15,46759,2582],{},[34,46761,758,46763,46765],{"id":46762},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46764,2576],{}," with strings",[20,46767,46768,46770],{},[15,46769,2576],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46772,46773],{},"Examples that work:",[39,46775,46777],{"className":41,"code":46776,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46778,46779,46797,46815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46780,46781,46783,46785,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46782,109],{"class":108},[48,46784,91],{"class":84},[48,46786,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46788,91],{"class":84},[48,46790,94],{"class":62},[48,46792,1837],{"class":66},[48,46794,94],{"class":62},[48,46796,1034],{"class":84},[48,46798,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46800,109],{"class":108},[48,46802,91],{"class":84},[48,46804,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46806,91],{"class":84},[48,46808,94],{"class":62},[48,46810,1992],{"class":66},[48,46812,94],{"class":62},[48,46814,1034],{"class":84},[48,46816,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827,46830,46832],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46818,109],{"class":108},[48,46820,91],{"class":84},[48,46822,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46824,91],{"class":84},[48,46826,94],{"class":62},[48,46828,46829],{"class":66},"  42  ",[48,46831,94],{"class":62},[48,46833,1034],{"class":84},[20,46835,1037],{},[39,46837,46839],{"className":41,"code":46838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46840,46841,46845,46851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46842,46843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46844,2645],{"class":488},[48,46846,46847,46849],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46848,1724],{"class":58},[48,46850,1924],{"class":488},[48,46852,46853],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46854,46318],{"class":488},[20,46856,46857],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46859,46860],{},"Examples that fail:",[39,46862,46864],{"className":41,"code":46863,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46865,46866,46871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46867,46868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46869,46870],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[48,46872,46873],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46874,46875],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46877,46878,46879,46881],{},"These raise ",[15,46880,31],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1200,46883,46885],{"id":46884},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[39,46887,46889],{"className":41,"code":46888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46890,46891,46909,46928],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46892,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46894,109],{"class":108},[48,46896,91],{"class":84},[48,46898,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46900,91],{"class":84},[48,46902,94],{"class":62},[48,46904,578],{"class":66},[48,46906,94],{"class":62},[48,46908,1034],{"class":84},[48,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46924,46926],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46912,109],{"class":108},[48,46914,91],{"class":84},[48,46916,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46918,91],{"class":84},[48,46920,94],{"class":62},[48,46922,46923],{"class":66},"+7",[48,46925,94],{"class":62},[48,46927,1034],{"class":84},[48,46929,46930,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46943,46945],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46931,109],{"class":108},[48,46933,91],{"class":84},[48,46935,1887],{"class":1047},[48,46937,91],{"class":84},[48,46939,94],{"class":62},[48,46941,46942],{"class":66},"-100",[48,46944,94],{"class":62},[48,46946,1034],{"class":84},[20,46948,1037],{},[39,46950,46952],{"className":41,"code":46951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46953,46954,46959,46963],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46955,46956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46957,46958],{"class":488},"0\n",[48,46960,46961],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,46962,1782],{"class":488},[48,46964,46965,46967],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,46966,1724],{"class":58},[48,46968,46969],{"class":488},"100\n",[1200,46971,46973],{"id":46972},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[39,46975,46977],{"className":41,"code":46976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46978,46979,47017,47021,47033,47040,47055,47070],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,46980,46981,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46995,46997,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47013,47015],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,46982,3528],{"class":54},[48,46984,59],{"class":58},[48,46986,3326],{"class":84},[48,46988,94],{"class":62},[48,46990,39853],{"class":66},[48,46992,94],{"class":62},[48,46994,365],{"class":84},[48,46996,63],{"class":62},[48,46998,46999],{"class":66},"12abc",[48,47001,94],{"class":62},[48,47003,365],{"class":84},[48,47005,5834],{"class":62},[48,47007,365],{"class":84},[48,47009,63],{"class":62},[48,47011,47012],{"class":66},"seven",[48,47014,94],{"class":62},[48,47016,3339],{"class":84},[48,47018,47019],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47020,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,47022,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47024,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47026,21300],{"class":54},[48,47028,3587],{"class":1107},[48,47030,3590],{"class":54},[48,47032,1110],{"class":84},[48,47034,47035,47038],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47036,47037],{"class":1107},"    try",[48,47039,1110],{"class":84},[48,47041,47042,47045,47047,47049,47051,47053],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,47043,47044],{"class":108},"        print",[48,47046,91],{"class":84},[48,47048,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47050,91],{"class":84},[48,47052,362],{"class":87},[48,47054,1034],{"class":84},[48,47056,47057,47060,47062,47065,47068],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,47058,47059],{"class":1107},"    except",[48,47061,1151],{"class":1047},[48,47063,47064],{"class":1107}," as",[48,47066,47067],{"class":54}," error",[48,47069,1110],{"class":84},[48,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47087,47089,47092,47094,47097,47099,47101],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,47073,47044],{"class":108},[48,47075,91],{"class":84},[48,47077,22009],{"class":1767},[48,47079,94],{"class":66},[48,47081,8990],{"class":488},[48,47083,362],{"class":87},[48,47085,47086],{"class":1767},"!r",[48,47088,22018],{"class":488},[48,47090,47091],{"class":66}," -> ",[48,47093,8990],{"class":488},[48,47095,47096],{"class":87},"error",[48,47098,22018],{"class":488},[48,47100,94],{"class":66},[48,47102,102],{"class":84},[20,47104,1037],{},[39,47106,47108],{"className":41,"code":47107,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47109,47110,47146,47178,47203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47111,47112,47114,47116,47118,47121,47124,47126,47128,47130,47133,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47113,3001],{"class":43035},[48,47115,39853],{"class":43039},[48,47117,3001],{"class":43035},[48,47119,47120],{"class":37077}," ->",[48,47122,47123],{"class":54}," invalid literal ",[48,47125,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47127,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47129,7074],{"class":84},[48,47131,47132],{"class":1107}," with",[48,47134,47135],{"class":54}," base ",[48,47137,2031],{"class":488},[48,47139,503],{"class":84},[48,47141,2996],{"class":62},[48,47143,39853],{"class":66},[48,47145,29415],{"class":62},[48,47147,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47149,3001],{"class":62},[48,47151,46999],{"class":66},[48,47153,3001],{"class":62},[48,47155,47120],{"class":37077},[48,47157,47123],{"class":54},[48,47159,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47161,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47163,7074],{"class":84},[48,47165,47132],{"class":1107},[48,47167,47135],{"class":54},[48,47169,2031],{"class":488},[48,47171,503],{"class":84},[48,47173,2996],{"class":62},[48,47175,46999],{"class":66},[48,47177,29415],{"class":62},[48,47179,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47181,3478],{"class":62},[48,47183,47120],{"class":37077},[48,47185,47123],{"class":54},[48,47187,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47189,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47191,7074],{"class":84},[48,47193,47132],{"class":1107},[48,47195,47135],{"class":54},[48,47197,2031],{"class":488},[48,47199,503],{"class":84},[48,47201,47202],{"class":62}," ''\n",[48,47204,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47206,3001],{"class":62},[48,47208,47012],{"class":66},[48,47210,3001],{"class":62},[48,47212,47120],{"class":37077},[48,47214,47123],{"class":54},[48,47216,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47218,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47220,7074],{"class":84},[48,47222,47132],{"class":1107},[48,47224,47135],{"class":54},[48,47226,2031],{"class":488},[48,47228,503],{"class":84},[48,47230,2996],{"class":62},[48,47232,47012],{"class":66},[48,47234,29415],{"class":62},[20,47236,47237,47238,47240,47241,32],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[224,47239,8692],{"href":8691}," and the ",[224,47242,47243,2003],{"href":7930},[15,47244,2656],{},[34,47246,758,47248,47250],{"id":47247},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47249,2576],{}," with floats",[20,47252,47253,47254,47256],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47255,2576],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47258,47259,47260,13768,47262,47264],{},"Important: ",[15,47261,2576],{},[565,47263,1055],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[39,47266,47268],{"className":41,"code":47267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47269,47270,47284,47299,47315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47271,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47273,109],{"class":108},[48,47275,91],{"class":84},[48,47277,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47279,91],{"class":84},[48,47281,41691],{"class":488},[48,47283,1034],{"class":84},[48,47285,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294,47297],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47287,109],{"class":108},[48,47289,91],{"class":84},[48,47291,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47293,91],{"class":84},[48,47295,47296],{"class":488},"3.1",[48,47298,1034],{"class":84},[48,47300,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47302,109],{"class":108},[48,47304,91],{"class":84},[48,47306,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47308,91],{"class":84},[48,47310,1724],{"class":58},[48,47312,41691],{"class":488},[48,47314,1034],{"class":84},[48,47316,47317,47319,47321,47323,47325,47327,47329],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47318,109],{"class":108},[48,47320,91],{"class":84},[48,47322,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47324,91],{"class":84},[48,47326,1724],{"class":58},[48,47328,47296],{"class":488},[48,47330,1034],{"class":84},[20,47332,1037],{},[39,47334,47336],{"className":41,"code":47335,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47337,47338,47342,47346,47352],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47339,47340],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47341,46323],{"class":488},[48,47343,47344],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47345,46323],{"class":488},[48,47347,47348,47350],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47349,1724],{"class":58},[48,47351,46323],{"class":488},[48,47353,47354,47356],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47355,1724],{"class":58},[48,47357,46323],{"class":488},[20,47359,47360],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[162,47362,47363,47370],{},[165,47364,47365,41862,47368],{},[15,47366,47367],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47369,1764],{},[165,47371,47372,41862,47375],{},[15,47373,47374],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47376,47377],{},"-3",[20,47379,47380,47381,47385,47386,32],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[224,47382,47383],{"href":2579},[15,47384,2582],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[224,47387,47388],{"href":41882},[15,47389,47390],{},"str()",[34,47392,758,47394,47396],{"id":47393},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47395,2576],{}," with booleans",[20,47398,47399],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[39,47401,47403],{"className":41,"code":47402,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47404,47405,47419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47406,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47408,109],{"class":108},[48,47410,91],{"class":84},[48,47412,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47414,91],{"class":84},[48,47416,3306],{"class":3556},[48,47418,1034],{"class":84},[48,47420,47421,47423,47425,47427,47429,47431],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47422,109],{"class":108},[48,47424,91],{"class":84},[48,47426,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47428,91],{"class":84},[48,47430,3379],{"class":3556},[48,47432,1034],{"class":84},[20,47434,1037],{},[39,47436,47438],{"className":41,"code":47437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n0\n",[15,47439,47440,47444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47441,47442],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47443,46623],{"class":488},[48,47445,47446],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47447,46958],{"class":488},[20,47449,47450],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[39,47452,47454],{"className":41,"code":47453,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47455,47456,47465,47480,47484],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47457,47458,47461,47463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47459,47460],{"class":54},"passed ",[48,47462,59],{"class":58},[48,47464,6130],{"class":3556},[48,47466,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47478],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47468,40892],{"class":54},[48,47470,59],{"class":58},[48,47472,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47474,91],{"class":84},[48,47476,47477],{"class":87},"passed",[48,47479,102],{"class":84},[48,47481,47482],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47483,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,47485,47486,47488,47490,47492],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47487,109],{"class":108},[48,47489,91],{"class":84},[48,47491,40921],{"class":87},[48,47493,102],{"class":84},[20,47495,1037],{},[39,47497,47498],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,47499,47500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47501,47502],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47503,46623],{"class":488},[20,47505,47506,47507,32],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[224,47508,47509,2003],{"href":5487},[15,47510,3518],{},[34,47512,47514],{"id":47513},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47516,47517,47518,47521],{},"Use the ",[15,47519,47520],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1200,47523,47525],{"id":47524},"binary-example","Binary example",[39,47527,47529],{"className":41,"code":47528,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47530,47531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47532,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47534,109],{"class":108},[48,47536,91],{"class":84},[48,47538,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47540,91],{"class":84},[48,47542,94],{"class":62},[48,47544,46298],{"class":66},[48,47546,94],{"class":62},[48,47548,365],{"class":84},[48,47550,489],{"class":488},[48,47552,1034],{"class":84},[20,47554,1037],{},[39,47556,47557],{"className":41,"code":2645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,47558,47559],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47560,47561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47562,2645],{"class":488},[20,47564,47565,47568],{},[15,47566,47567],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[162,47570,47571,47576,47581],{},[165,47572,47573],{},[15,47574,47575],{},"1 × 4",[165,47577,47578],{},[15,47579,47580],{},"0 × 2",[165,47582,47583],{},[15,47584,47585],{},"1 × 1",[20,47587,47588,47589,32],{},"So the result is ",[15,47590,1837],{},[1200,47592,47594],{"id":47593},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[39,47596,47598],{"className":41,"code":47597,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47599,47600],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47601,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47603,109],{"class":108},[48,47605,91],{"class":84},[48,47607,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47609,91],{"class":84},[48,47611,94],{"class":62},[48,47613,46723],{"class":66},[48,47615,94],{"class":62},[48,47617,365],{"class":84},[48,47619,13702],{"class":488},[48,47621,1034],{"class":84},[20,47623,1037],{},[39,47625,47626],{"className":41,"code":46752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,47627,47628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47629,47630],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47631,46752],{"class":488},[1200,47633,47635],{"id":47634},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47637,765,47638,47640],{},[15,47639,47520],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47642,47643],{},"Good:",[39,47645,47646],{"className":41,"code":47528,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,47647,47648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47649,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47651,109],{"class":108},[48,47653,91],{"class":84},[48,47655,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47657,91],{"class":84},[48,47659,94],{"class":62},[48,47661,46298],{"class":66},[48,47663,94],{"class":62},[48,47665,365],{"class":84},[48,47667,489],{"class":488},[48,47669,1034],{"class":84},[20,47671,47672],{},"Not correct:",[39,47674,47676],{"className":41,"code":47675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47677,47678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47679,47680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47681,47675],{"class":129},[20,47683,47684,47685,8311,47687,47689],{},"That causes a ",[15,47686,2703],{},[15,47688,47520],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[34,47691,47693],{"id":47692},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47695,47696,47697,47699,47700,500,47702,32],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47698,2576],{}," are ",[15,47701,31],{},[15,47703,2703],{},[1200,47705,47706],{"id":41223},[15,47707,31],{},[20,47709,47710],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47712,182],{},[39,47714,47716],{"className":41,"code":47715,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47717,47718,47724,47742,47754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47719,47720,47722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47721,1078],{"class":1107},[48,47723,1110],{"class":84},[48,47725,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47727,1138],{"class":108},[48,47729,91],{"class":84},[48,47731,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47733,91],{"class":84},[48,47735,94],{"class":62},[48,47737,39853],{"class":66},[48,47739,94],{"class":62},[48,47741,1034],{"class":84},[48,47743,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47745,1081],{"class":1107},[48,47747,1151],{"class":1047},[48,47749,47064],{"class":1107},[48,47751,47067],{"class":54},[48,47753,1110],{"class":84},[48,47755,47756,47758,47760,47762],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47757,1138],{"class":108},[48,47759,91],{"class":84},[48,47761,47096],{"class":87},[48,47763,102],{"class":84},[20,47765,1037],{},[39,47767,47769],{"className":41,"code":47768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47770,47771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47772,47773,47776,47778,47780,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47774,47775],{"class":54},"invalid literal ",[48,47777,5665],{"class":1107},[48,47779,44983],{"class":1047},[48,47781,7074],{"class":84},[48,47783,47132],{"class":1107},[48,47785,47135],{"class":54},[48,47787,2031],{"class":488},[48,47789,503],{"class":84},[48,47791,2996],{"class":62},[48,47793,39853],{"class":66},[48,47795,29415],{"class":62},[20,47797,47798,47799,47802,47803,47805],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47800,47801],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47804,2576],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[39,47807,47809],{"className":41,"code":47808,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47810,47811],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47812,47813,47815,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47814,109],{"class":108},[48,47816,91],{"class":84},[48,47818,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47820,91],{"class":84},[48,47822,1891],{"class":1047},[48,47824,91],{"class":84},[48,47826,94],{"class":62},[48,47828,39853],{"class":66},[48,47830,94],{"class":62},[48,47832,2610],{"class":84},[20,47834,1037],{},[39,47836,47837],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,47838,47839],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47840,47841],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47842,46323],{"class":488},[20,47844,47845,47846,500,47849,32],{},"If you see this often, read ",[224,47847,47848],{"href":2660},"how to convert string to int in Python",[224,47850,1179,47851],{"href":45623},[15,47852,45624],{},[1200,47854,47855],{"id":41289},[15,47856,2703],{},[20,47858,47859],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47861,182],{},[39,47863,47865],{"className":41,"code":47864,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47866,47867,47873,47887,47900],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47868,47869,47871],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47870,1078],{"class":1107},[48,47872,1110],{"class":84},[48,47874,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47876,1138],{"class":108},[48,47878,91],{"class":84},[48,47880,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47882,91],{"class":84},[48,47884,3483],{"class":3556},[48,47886,1034],{"class":84},[48,47888,47889,47891,47894,47896,47898],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47890,1081],{"class":1107},[48,47892,47893],{"class":1047}," TypeError",[48,47895,47064],{"class":1107},[48,47897,47067],{"class":54},[48,47899,1110],{"class":84},[48,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,47903,1138],{"class":108},[48,47905,91],{"class":84},[48,47907,47096],{"class":87},[48,47909,102],{"class":84},[20,47911,1037],{},[39,47913,47915],{"className":41,"code":47914,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47916,47917],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47918,47919,47921,47923,47926,47928,47930,47933,47935,47938,47940,47943,47945,47947,47949,47951,47954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47920,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47922,7074],{"class":84},[48,47924,47925],{"class":54}," argument must be a string",[48,47927,365],{"class":84},[48,47929,44251],{"class":54},[48,47931,47932],{"class":1047},"bytes",[48,47934,1724],{"class":58},[48,47936,47937],{"class":54},"like ",[48,47939,42106],{"class":1047},[48,47941,47942],{"class":58}," or",[48,47944,40549],{"class":54},[48,47946,365],{"class":84},[48,47948,7810],{"class":58},[48,47950,2996],{"class":62},[48,47952,47953],{"class":66},"NoneType",[48,47955,29415],{"class":62},[20,47957,47958,47959,47961],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47960,47520],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[39,47963,47965],{"className":41,"code":47964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47966,47967,47973,47991,48003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,47968,47969,47971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,47970,1078],{"class":1107},[48,47972,1110],{"class":84},[48,47974,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,47976,1138],{"class":108},[48,47978,91],{"class":84},[48,47980,1887],{"class":1047},[48,47982,91],{"class":84},[48,47984,46298],{"class":488},[48,47986,365],{"class":84},[48,47988,489],{"class":488},[48,47990,1034],{"class":84},[48,47992,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,47994,1081],{"class":1107},[48,47996,47893],{"class":1047},[48,47998,47064],{"class":1107},[48,48000,47067],{"class":54},[48,48002,1110],{"class":84},[48,48004,48005,48007,48009,48011],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48006,1138],{"class":108},[48,48008,91],{"class":84},[48,48010,47096],{"class":87},[48,48012,102],{"class":84},[20,48014,1037],{},[39,48016,48018],{"className":41,"code":48017,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48019,48020],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48021,48022,48024,48026,48029,48031],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48023,1887],{"class":1047},[48,48025,7074],{"class":84},[48,48027,48028],{"class":54}," can",[48,48030,3001],{"class":62},[48,48032,48033],{"class":66},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[34,48035,4667,48037],{"id":48036},"when-to-use-int",[15,48038,2576],{},[20,48040,139,48041,48043],{},[15,48042,2576],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48045,48046],{},"Common uses:",[162,48048,48049,48055,48058,48061],{},[165,48050,48051,48052,48054],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48053,2656],{}," into integers",[165,48056,48057],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[165,48059,48060],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[165,48062,48063,48064,36326],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48065,47520],{},[20,48067,48068],{},"Example with user input:",[39,48070,48072],{"className":41,"code":48071,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48073,48074,48088,48103,48107],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48075,48076,48079,48081,48083,48086],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48077,48078],{"class":54},"age_text ",[48,48080,59],{"class":58},[48,48082,63],{"class":62},[48,48084,48085],{"class":66},"18",[48,48087,70],{"class":62},[48,48089,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48101],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48091,21344],{"class":54},[48,48093,59],{"class":58},[48,48095,44983],{"class":1047},[48,48097,91],{"class":84},[48,48099,48100],{"class":87},"age_text",[48,48102,102],{"class":84},[48,48104,48105],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48106,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48108,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48110,109],{"class":108},[48,48112,91],{"class":84},[48,48114,21344],{"class":87},[48,48116,1761],{"class":58},[48,48118,5204],{"class":488},[48,48120,102],{"class":84},[20,48122,1037],{},[39,48124,48126],{"className":41,"code":48125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"19\n",[15,48127,48128],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48129,48130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48131,48125],{"class":488},[34,48133,1366],{"id":1365},[20,48135,14448,48136,32],{},[15,48137,2576],{},[1200,48139,48141],{"id":48140},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48143,48144],{},"This fails:",[39,48146,48148],{"className":41,"code":48147,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48149,48150],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48151,48152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48153,48147],{"class":129},[20,48155,48156,48157,48160],{},"Why: ",[15,48158,48159],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48162,18558],{},[39,48164,48166],{"className":41,"code":48165,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48167,48168],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48171,109],{"class":108},[48,48173,91],{"class":84},[48,48175,1887],{"class":1047},[48,48177,91],{"class":84},[48,48179,1891],{"class":1047},[48,48181,91],{"class":84},[48,48183,94],{"class":62},[48,48185,40833],{"class":66},[48,48187,94],{"class":62},[48,48189,2610],{"class":84},[1200,48191,48193],{"id":48192},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48195,48144],{},[39,48197,48199],{"className":41,"code":48198,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48200,48201],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48202,48203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48204,48198],{"class":129},[20,48206,48207],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1200,48209,48211,48212],{"id":48210},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48213,48214],{},"int(None)",[20,48216,48217,48218,48220],{},"This fails because ",[15,48219,3483],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[39,48222,48224],{"className":41,"code":48223,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48225,48226,48235,48239,48245,48259,48271],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48227,48228,48230,48232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48229,2147],{"class":54},[48,48231,59],{"class":58},[48,48233,48234],{"class":3556}," None\n",[48,48236,48237],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48238,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48240,48241,48243],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48242,1078],{"class":1107},[48,48244,1110],{"class":84},[48,48246,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255,48257],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48248,1138],{"class":108},[48,48250,91],{"class":84},[48,48252,1887],{"class":1047},[48,48254,91],{"class":84},[48,48256,362],{"class":87},[48,48258,1034],{"class":84},[48,48260,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,48262,1081],{"class":1107},[48,48264,47893],{"class":1047},[48,48266,47064],{"class":1107},[48,48268,47067],{"class":54},[48,48270,1110],{"class":84},[48,48272,48273,48275,48277,48279],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,48274,1138],{"class":108},[48,48276,91],{"class":84},[48,48278,47096],{"class":87},[48,48280,102],{"class":84},[1200,48282,48284],{"id":48283},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48286,48144],{},[39,48288,48289],{"className":41,"code":47675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48290,48291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48292,48293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48294,47675],{"class":129},[20,48296,48297],{},"Use a string instead:",[39,48299,48300],{"className":41,"code":47528,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48301,48302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48303,48304,48306,48308,48310,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48305,109],{"class":108},[48,48307,91],{"class":84},[48,48309,1887],{"class":1047},[48,48311,91],{"class":84},[48,48313,94],{"class":62},[48,48315,46298],{"class":66},[48,48317,94],{"class":62},[48,48319,365],{"class":84},[48,48321,489],{"class":488},[48,48323,1034],{"class":84},[1200,48325,1379,48327,48329],{"id":48326},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48328,2576],{}," to round",[20,48331,48332],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[39,48334,48336],{"className":41,"code":48335,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48337,48338],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48339,48340,48342,48344,48346,48348,48351],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48341,109],{"class":108},[48,48343,91],{"class":84},[48,48345,1887],{"class":1047},[48,48347,91],{"class":84},[48,48349,48350],{"class":488},"4.9",[48,48352,1034],{"class":84},[20,48354,1037],{},[39,48356,48358],{"className":41,"code":48357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4\n",[15,48359,48360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48361,48362],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48363,48357],{"class":488},[20,48365,2868,48366,48368,48369,48371],{},[15,48367,1837],{},", remember that ",[15,48370,2576],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[34,48373,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,48375,12418,48377,48379],{"id":48376},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48378,2576],{}," round numbers?",[20,48381,46071,48382,48384],{},[15,48383,2576],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1200,48386,4865,48388,48391],{"id":48387},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48389,48390],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48393,28776,48394,48396,48397,48399,48400,39639],{},[15,48395,47801],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48398,2582],{}," first, then use ",[15,48401,2576],{},[1200,48403,4849,48405,1543],{"id":48404},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48406,48407],{},"int(True)",[20,48409,4855,48410,28029,48412,41862,48414,32],{},[15,48411,272],{},[15,48413,3379],{},[15,48415,578],{},[1200,48417,48419],{"id":48418},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48421,48422],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[34,48424,1599],{"id":1598},[162,48426,48427,48433,48439,48445,48450,48454,48460],{},[165,48428,48429],{},[224,48430,48431,3210],{"href":2579},[15,48432,2582],{},[165,48434,48435],{},[224,48436,48437,3210],{"href":41882},[15,48438,47390],{},[165,48440,48441],{},[224,48442,48443,3210],{"href":5487},[15,48444,3518],{},[165,48446,48447],{},[224,48448,48449],{"href":2660},"How to convert string to int in Python",[165,48451,48452],{},[224,48453,8769],{"href":8691},[165,48455,48456],{},[224,48457,48458,3210],{"href":7930},[15,48459,2656],{},[165,48461,48462],{},[224,48463,1629,48464],{"href":45623},[15,48465,45624],{},[1633,48467,48468],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":48470},[48471,48472,48474,48478,48483,48485,48487,48492,48496,48498,48507,48516],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":46335,"depth":73,"text":48473},"What int() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":48475},[48476,48477],{"id":46526,"depth":105,"text":46529},{"id":46626,"depth":105,"text":46629},{"id":46762,"depth":73,"text":48479,"children":48480},"Using int() with strings",[48481,48482],{"id":46884,"depth":105,"text":46885},{"id":46972,"depth":105,"text":46973},{"id":47247,"depth":73,"text":48484},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47393,"depth":73,"text":48486},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47513,"depth":73,"text":47514,"children":48488},[48489,48490,48491],{"id":47524,"depth":105,"text":47525},{"id":47593,"depth":105,"text":47594},{"id":47634,"depth":105,"text":47635},{"id":47692,"depth":73,"text":47693,"children":48493},[48494,48495],{"id":41223,"depth":105,"text":31},{"id":41289,"depth":105,"text":2703},{"id":48036,"depth":73,"text":48497},"When to use int()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":48499},[48500,48501,48502,48504,48505],{"id":48140,"depth":105,"text":48141},{"id":48192,"depth":105,"text":48193},{"id":48210,"depth":105,"text":48503},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48283,"depth":105,"text":48284},{"id":48326,"depth":105,"text":48506},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":48508},[48509,48511,48513,48515],{"id":48376,"depth":105,"text":48510},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48387,"depth":105,"text":48512},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48404,"depth":105,"text":48514},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48418,"depth":105,"text":48419},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41803,"description":48517},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48524,"title":48525,"body":48526,"description":50362,"extension":1666,"meta":50363,"navigation":122,"path":44509,"seo":50364,"stem":50365,"__hash__":50366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48527,"toc":50318},[48528,48533,48538,48546,48555,48557,48616,48622,48627,48632,48635,48663,48666,48669,48680,48690,48692,48694,48714,48718,48746,48748,48787,48789,48797,48799,48802,48806,48859,48861,48873,48877,48934,48936,48948,48954,48960,48964,48967,48970,49036,49038,49050,49056,49058,49110,49113,49154,49157,49164,49173,49179,49182,49215,49221,49224,49255,49261,49264,49276,49280,49285,49289,49447,49449,49464,49467,49471,49575,49577,49594,49598,49659,49661,49669,49672,49676,49743,49745,49754,49760,49762,49771,49773,49808,49813,49815,49845,49849,49851,49888,49891,49893,49930,49936,49938,49988,49990,49998,50008,50014,50018,50023,50072,50074,50087,50090,50092,50095,50170,50173,50192,50195,50225,50235,50237,50242,50249,50255,50261,50268,50276,50282,50285,50287,50315],[10,48529,3277,48531,3281],{"id":48530},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48532,44512],{},[20,48534,48535,48537],{},[15,48536,44512],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48539,48540,48541,1358,48543,48545],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48542,3306],{},[15,48544,3379],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48547,48548,48549,48551,48552,48554],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48550,44512],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48553,2002],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[34,48556,3311],{"id":3310},[39,48558,48560],{"className":41,"code":48559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48561,48562,48570,48574,48595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48563,48564,48566,48568],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48565,2147],{"class":54},[48,48567,59],{"class":58},[48,48569,2286],{"class":488},[48,48571,48572],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48573,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48575,48576,48578,48580,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48593],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48577,109],{"class":108},[48,48579,91],{"class":84},[48,48581,48582],{"class":108},"isinstance",[48,48584,91],{"class":84},[48,48586,362],{"class":87},[48,48588,365],{"class":84},[48,48590,44983],{"class":1047},[48,48592,229],{"class":84},[48,48594,43562],{"class":129},[48,48596,48597,48599,48601,48603,48605,48607,48609,48612,48614],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48598,109],{"class":108},[48,48600,91],{"class":84},[48,48602,48582],{"class":108},[48,48604,91],{"class":84},[48,48606,362],{"class":87},[48,48608,365],{"class":84},[48,48610,48611],{"class":1047}," str",[48,48613,229],{"class":84},[48,48615,43579],{"class":129},[20,48617,139,48618,48621],{},[15,48619,48620],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[34,48623,148,48625,152],{"id":48624},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48626,44512],{},[20,48628,48629,48631],{},[15,48630,44512],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48633,48634],{},"It:",[162,48636,48637,48640,48646,48649],{},[165,48638,48639],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[165,48641,1270,48642,1358,48644],{},[15,48643,3306],{},[15,48645,3379],{},[165,48647,48648],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[165,48650,48651,48652,1888,48654,1888,48656,1888,48658,16789,48661],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48653,3144],{},[15,48655,1887],{},[15,48657,7804],{},[15,48659,48660],{},"tuple",[15,48662,8532],{},[20,48664,48665],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48667,48668],{},"For example, you might want to:",[162,48670,48671,48674,48677],{},[165,48672,48673],{},"loop through a list",[165,48675,48676],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[165,48678,48679],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48681,48682,48683,1358,48686,32],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[224,48684,44504],{"href":48685},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[224,48687,48689],{"href":48688},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[34,48691,340],{"id":339},[20,48693,343],{},[39,48695,48697],{"className":41,"code":48696,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48698,48699],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48700,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709,48712],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48702,48582],{"class":108},[48,48704,91],{"class":84},[48,48706,42106],{"class":1047},[48,48708,365],{"class":84},[48,48710,48711],{"class":87}," classinfo",[48,48713,102],{"class":84},[1200,48715,48717],{"id":48716},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[162,48719,48720,48725,48739],{},[165,48721,48722,48724],{},[15,48723,42106],{}," is the value you want to test",[165,48726,48727,48730,48731,1888,48733,1888,48735,1892,48737],{},[15,48728,48729],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48732,1887],{},[15,48734,3144],{},[15,48736,7804],{},[15,48738,8532],{},[165,48740,48741,48742,1358,48744],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48743,3306],{},[15,48745,3379],{},[20,48747,182],{},[39,48749,48751],{"className":41,"code":48750,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48752,48753,48765,48769],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48754,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48756,7587],{"class":54},[48,48758,59],{"class":58},[48,48760,63],{"class":62},[48,48762,11221],{"class":66},[48,48764,70],{"class":62},[48,48766,48767],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48768,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48770,48771,48773,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48772,109],{"class":108},[48,48774,91],{"class":84},[48,48776,48582],{"class":108},[48,48778,91],{"class":84},[48,48780,7377],{"class":87},[48,48782,365],{"class":84},[48,48784,48611],{"class":1047},[48,48786,1034],{"class":84},[20,48788,1037],{},[39,48790,48791],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48792,48793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48794,48795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48796,3685],{"class":3556},[34,48798,11187],{"id":11186},[20,48800,48801],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1200,48803,48805],{"id":48804},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[39,48807,48809],{"className":41,"code":48808,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48810,48811,48819,48823,48841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48812,48813,48815,48817],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48814,2147],{"class":54},[48,48816,59],{"class":58},[48,48818,44932],{"class":488},[48,48820,48821],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48822,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48824,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48826,109],{"class":108},[48,48828,91],{"class":84},[48,48830,48582],{"class":108},[48,48832,91],{"class":84},[48,48834,362],{"class":87},[48,48836,365],{"class":84},[48,48838,44983],{"class":1047},[48,48840,1034],{"class":84},[48,48842,48843,48845,48847,48849,48851,48853,48855,48857],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48844,109],{"class":108},[48,48846,91],{"class":84},[48,48848,48582],{"class":108},[48,48850,91],{"class":84},[48,48852,362],{"class":87},[48,48854,365],{"class":84},[48,48856,48611],{"class":1047},[48,48858,1034],{"class":84},[20,48860,1037],{},[39,48862,48863],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48864,48865,48869],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48866,48867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48868,3685],{"class":3556},[48,48870,48871],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48872,3746],{"class":3556},[1200,48874,48876],{"id":48875},"check-text","Check text",[39,48878,48880],{"className":41,"code":48879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48881,48882,48894,48898,48916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48883,48884,48886,48888,48890,48892],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48885,55],{"class":54},[48,48887,59],{"class":58},[48,48889,63],{"class":62},[48,48891,1008],{"class":66},[48,48893,70],{"class":62},[48,48895,48896],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48897,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48899,48900,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912,48914],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48901,109],{"class":108},[48,48903,91],{"class":84},[48,48905,48582],{"class":108},[48,48907,91],{"class":84},[48,48909,213],{"class":87},[48,48911,365],{"class":84},[48,48913,48611],{"class":1047},[48,48915,1034],{"class":84},[48,48917,48918,48920,48922,48924,48926,48928,48930,48932],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,48919,109],{"class":108},[48,48921,91],{"class":84},[48,48923,48582],{"class":108},[48,48925,91],{"class":84},[48,48927,213],{"class":87},[48,48929,365],{"class":84},[48,48931,44983],{"class":1047},[48,48933,1034],{"class":84},[20,48935,1037],{},[39,48937,48938],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,48939,48940,48944],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48941,48942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48943,3685],{"class":3556},[48,48945,48946],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48947,3746],{"class":3556},[20,48949,48950,48951,48953],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48952,44512],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48955,48956,48957,32],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[224,48958,48959],{"href":2660},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[34,48961,48963],{"id":48962},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48965,48966],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48968,48969],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[39,48971,48973],{"className":41,"code":48972,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48974,48975,48984,48988,49012],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,48976,48977,48979,48981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,48978,2147],{"class":54},[48,48980,59],{"class":58},[48,48982,48983],{"class":488}," 3.5\n",[48,48985,48986],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,48987,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,48989,48990,48992,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008,49010],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,48991,109],{"class":108},[48,48993,91],{"class":84},[48,48995,48582],{"class":108},[48,48997,91],{"class":84},[48,48999,362],{"class":87},[48,49001,365],{"class":84},[48,49003,8948],{"class":84},[48,49005,1887],{"class":1047},[48,49007,365],{"class":84},[48,49009,39965],{"class":1047},[48,49011,2610],{"class":84},[48,49013,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032,49034],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49015,109],{"class":108},[48,49017,91],{"class":84},[48,49019,48582],{"class":108},[48,49021,91],{"class":84},[48,49023,362],{"class":87},[48,49025,365],{"class":84},[48,49027,8948],{"class":84},[48,49029,3144],{"class":1047},[48,49031,365],{"class":84},[48,49033,22275],{"class":1047},[48,49035,2610],{"class":84},[20,49037,1037],{},[39,49039,49040],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49041,49042,49046],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49043,49044],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49045,3685],{"class":3556},[48,49047,49048],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49049,3746],{"class":3556},[20,49051,49052,49053,49055],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49054,40546],{}," conditions.",[20,49057,8009],{},[39,49059,49061],{"className":41,"code":49060,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49062,49063,49071,49075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49064,49065,49067,49069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49066,2147],{"class":54},[48,49068,59],{"class":58},[48,49070,48983],{"class":488},[48,49072,49073],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49074,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49076,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093,49095,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49078,109],{"class":108},[48,49080,91],{"class":84},[48,49082,2921],{"class":1047},[48,49084,91],{"class":84},[48,49086,362],{"class":87},[48,49088,3366],{"class":84},[48,49090,6116],{"class":58},[48,49092,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49094,47942],{"class":1107},[48,49096,49097],{"class":1047}," type",[48,49099,91],{"class":84},[48,49101,362],{"class":87},[48,49103,3366],{"class":84},[48,49105,6116],{"class":58},[48,49107,39965],{"class":1047},[48,49109,102],{"class":84},[20,49111,49112],{},"you can write this:",[39,49114,49116],{"className":41,"code":49115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49117,49118,49126,49130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49119,49120,49122,49124],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49121,2147],{"class":54},[48,49123,59],{"class":58},[48,49125,48983],{"class":488},[48,49127,49128],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49129,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49131,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49133,109],{"class":108},[48,49135,91],{"class":84},[48,49137,48582],{"class":108},[48,49139,91],{"class":84},[48,49141,362],{"class":87},[48,49143,365],{"class":84},[48,49145,8948],{"class":84},[48,49147,1887],{"class":1047},[48,49149,365],{"class":84},[48,49151,39965],{"class":1047},[48,49153,2610],{"class":84},[20,49155,49156],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[34,49158,49160,1188,49162],{"id":49159},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49161,44512],{},[15,49163,2002],{},[20,49165,10302,49166,500,49168,49172],{},[15,49167,44512],{},[224,49169,49170],{"href":1999},[15,49171,2002],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1200,49174,49176],{"id":49175},"typevalue-int",[15,49177,49178],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49180,49181],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[39,49183,49185],{"className":41,"code":49184,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49186,49187,49195],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49188,49189,49191,49193],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49190,2147],{"class":54},[48,49192,59],{"class":58},[48,49194,2286],{"class":488},[48,49196,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49198,109],{"class":108},[48,49200,91],{"class":84},[48,49202,2921],{"class":1047},[48,49204,91],{"class":84},[48,49206,362],{"class":87},[48,49208,3366],{"class":84},[48,49210,6116],{"class":58},[48,49212,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49214,102],{"class":84},[1200,49216,49218],{"id":49217},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49219,49220],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49222,49223],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[39,49225,49227],{"className":41,"code":49226,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49228,49229,49237],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49230,49231,49233,49235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49232,2147],{"class":54},[48,49234,59],{"class":58},[48,49236,2286],{"class":488},[48,49238,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49240,109],{"class":108},[48,49242,91],{"class":84},[48,49244,48582],{"class":108},[48,49246,91],{"class":84},[48,49248,362],{"class":87},[48,49250,365],{"class":84},[48,49252,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49254,1034],{"class":84},[20,49256,49257,49258,49260],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49259,44512],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49262,49263],{},"In everyday code:",[162,49265,49266,49271],{},[165,49267,39700,49268,49270],{},[15,49269,2002],{}," when you need the exact type",[165,49272,39700,49273,49275],{},[15,49274,44512],{}," when you want a practical type check",[34,49277,49279],{"id":49278},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49281,49282,49283,32],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49284,44512],{},[1200,49286,49288],{"id":49287},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[39,49290,49292],{"className":41,"code":49291,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49293,49294,49312,49331,49343,49348,49366,49377,49381,49393,49397,49421],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49295,49296,49298,49301,49303,49305,49307,49310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49297,34563],{"class":1767},[48,49299,49300],{"class":34566}," repeat_text",[48,49302,91],{"class":84},[48,49304,213],{"class":37373},[48,49306,365],{"class":84},[48,49308,49309],{"class":37373}," count",[48,49311,8053],{"class":84},[48,49313,49314,49316,49318,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49315,6106],{"class":1107},[48,49317,7810],{"class":58},[48,49319,49320],{"class":108}," isinstance",[48,49322,91],{"class":84},[48,49324,213],{"class":87},[48,49326,365],{"class":84},[48,49328,48611],{"class":1047},[48,49330,8053],{"class":84},[48,49332,49333,49336,49338,49341],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49334,49335],{"class":1107},"        return",[48,49337,63],{"class":62},[48,49339,49340],{"class":66},"text must be a string",[48,49342,70],{"class":62},[48,49344,49345],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49346,49347],{"class":54},"    \n",[48,49349,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,49351,6106],{"class":1107},[48,49353,7810],{"class":58},[48,49355,49320],{"class":108},[48,49357,91],{"class":84},[48,49359,40969],{"class":87},[48,49361,365],{"class":84},[48,49363,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49365,8053],{"class":84},[48,49367,49368,49370,49372,49375],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,49369,49335],{"class":1107},[48,49371,63],{"class":62},[48,49373,49374],{"class":66},"count must be an integer",[48,49376,70],{"class":62},[48,49378,49379],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,49380,49347],{"class":54},[48,49382,49383,49385,49388,49390],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,49384,34574],{"class":1107},[48,49386,49387],{"class":54}," text ",[48,49389,39582],{"class":58},[48,49391,49392],{"class":54}," count\n",[48,49394,49395],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,49396,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49398,49399,49401,49403,49406,49408,49410,49413,49415,49417,49419],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,49400,109],{"class":108},[48,49402,91],{"class":84},[48,49404,49405],{"class":87},"repeat_text",[48,49407,91],{"class":84},[48,49409,94],{"class":62},[48,49411,49412],{"class":66},"Hi ",[48,49414,94],{"class":62},[48,49416,365],{"class":84},[48,49418,2152],{"class":488},[48,49420,1034],{"class":84},[48,49422,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445],{"class":50,"line":11307},[48,49424,109],{"class":108},[48,49426,91],{"class":84},[48,49428,49405],{"class":87},[48,49430,91],{"class":84},[48,49432,94],{"class":62},[48,49434,49412],{"class":66},[48,49436,94],{"class":62},[48,49438,365],{"class":84},[48,49440,63],{"class":62},[48,49442,1764],{"class":66},[48,49444,94],{"class":62},[48,49446,1034],{"class":84},[20,49448,1037],{},[39,49450,49452],{"className":41,"code":49451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49453,49454,49459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49455,49456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49457,49458],{"class":54},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[48,49460,49461],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49462,49463],{"class":54},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49465,49466],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1200,49468,49470],{"id":49469},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[39,49472,49474],{"className":41,"code":49473,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49475,49476,49508,49512,49528,49543,49560],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49477,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49479,2147],{"class":54},[48,49481,59],{"class":58},[48,49483,3326],{"class":84},[48,49485,94],{"class":62},[48,49487,224],{"class":66},[48,49489,94],{"class":62},[48,49491,365],{"class":84},[48,49493,63],{"class":62},[48,49495,4466],{"class":66},[48,49497,94],{"class":62},[48,49499,365],{"class":84},[48,49501,63],{"class":62},[48,49503,632],{"class":66},[48,49505,94],{"class":62},[48,49507,3339],{"class":84},[48,49509,49510],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49511,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49513,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49515,6705],{"class":1107},[48,49517,49320],{"class":108},[48,49519,91],{"class":84},[48,49521,362],{"class":87},[48,49523,365],{"class":84},[48,49525,48611],{"class":1047},[48,49527,8053],{"class":84},[48,49529,49530,49532,49534,49536,49539,49541],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49531,1138],{"class":108},[48,49533,91],{"class":84},[48,49535,94],{"class":62},[48,49537,49538],{"class":66},"This is text",[48,49540,94],{"class":62},[48,49542,102],{"class":84},[48,49544,49545,49548,49550,49552,49554,49556,49558],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,49546,49547],{"class":1107},"elif",[48,49549,49320],{"class":108},[48,49551,91],{"class":84},[48,49553,362],{"class":87},[48,49555,365],{"class":84},[48,49557,22275],{"class":1047},[48,49559,8053],{"class":84},[48,49561,49562,49564,49566,49568,49571,49573],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,49563,1138],{"class":108},[48,49565,91],{"class":84},[48,49567,94],{"class":62},[48,49569,49570],{"class":66},"This is a list",[48,49572,94],{"class":62},[48,49574,102],{"class":84},[20,49576,1037],{},[39,49578,49580],{"className":41,"code":49579,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This is a list\n",[15,49581,49582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49583,49584,49587,49589,49591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49585,49586],{"class":54},"This ",[48,49588,11907],{"class":58},[48,49590,44251],{"class":54},[48,49592,49593],{"class":1047},"list\n",[1200,49595,49597],{"id":49596},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[39,49599,49601],{"className":41,"code":49600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49602,49603,49615,49619,49635,49649],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49604,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49606,2147],{"class":54},[48,49608,59],{"class":58},[48,49610,63],{"class":62},[48,49612,46232],{"class":66},[48,49614,70],{"class":62},[48,49616,49617],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49618,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49620,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49622,6705],{"class":1107},[48,49624,49320],{"class":108},[48,49626,91],{"class":84},[48,49628,362],{"class":87},[48,49630,365],{"class":84},[48,49632,48611],{"class":1047},[48,49634,8053],{"class":84},[48,49636,49637,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49638,41599],{"class":54},[48,49640,59],{"class":58},[48,49642,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49644,91],{"class":84},[48,49646,362],{"class":87},[48,49648,102],{"class":84},[48,49650,49651,49653,49655,49657],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,49652,1138],{"class":108},[48,49654,91],{"class":84},[48,49656,1939],{"class":87},[48,49658,102],{"class":84},[20,49660,1037],{},[39,49662,49663],{"className":41,"code":46318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49664,49665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49666,49667],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49668,46318],{"class":488},[20,49670,49671],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1200,49673,49675],{"id":49674},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[39,49677,49679],{"className":41,"code":49678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49680,49681,49705,49709,49725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49682,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49684,2147],{"class":54},[48,49686,59],{"class":58},[48,49688,10203],{"class":84},[48,49690,94],{"class":62},[48,49692,7377],{"class":66},[48,49694,94],{"class":62},[48,49696,503],{"class":84},[48,49698,63],{"class":62},[48,49700,12594],{"class":66},[48,49702,94],{"class":62},[48,49704,9021],{"class":84},[48,49706,49707],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49708,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49712,6705],{"class":1107},[48,49714,49320],{"class":108},[48,49716,91],{"class":84},[48,49718,362],{"class":87},[48,49720,365],{"class":84},[48,49722,8882],{"class":1047},[48,49724,8053],{"class":84},[48,49726,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737,49739,49741],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49728,1138],{"class":108},[48,49730,91],{"class":84},[48,49732,362],{"class":87},[48,49734,3605],{"class":84},[48,49736,94],{"class":62},[48,49738,7377],{"class":66},[48,49740,94],{"class":62},[48,49742,3593],{"class":84},[20,49744,1037],{},[39,49746,49748],{"className":41,"code":49747,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\n",[15,49749,49750],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49751,49752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49753,49747],{"class":54},[20,49755,49756,49757,49759],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49758,2703],{}," messages later.",[34,49761,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,49763,49765,49766,10804,49769],{"id":49764},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49767,49768],{},"\"int\"",[15,49770,1887],{},[20,49772,16360],{},[39,49774,49776],{"className":41,"code":49775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49777,49778,49786],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49779,49780,49782,49784],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49781,2147],{"class":54},[48,49783,59],{"class":58},[48,49785,2286],{"class":488},[48,49787,49788,49790,49792,49794,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49789,109],{"class":108},[48,49791,91],{"class":84},[48,49793,48582],{"class":108},[48,49795,91],{"class":84},[48,49797,362],{"class":87},[48,49799,365],{"class":84},[48,49801,63],{"class":62},[48,49803,1887],{"class":66},[48,49805,94],{"class":62},[48,49807,1034],{"class":84},[20,49809,49810,49812],{},[15,49811,49768],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49814,16372],{},[39,49816,49817],{"className":41,"code":49226,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49818,49819,49827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49820,49821,49823,49825],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49822,2147],{"class":54},[48,49824,59],{"class":58},[48,49826,2286],{"class":488},[48,49828,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49830,109],{"class":108},[48,49832,91],{"class":84},[48,49834,48582],{"class":108},[48,49836,91],{"class":84},[48,49838,362],{"class":87},[48,49840,365],{"class":84},[48,49842,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49844,1034],{"class":84},[1200,49846,49848],{"id":49847},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49850,16360],{},[39,49852,49854],{"className":41,"code":49853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49855,49856,49864],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49857,49858,49860,49862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49859,2147],{"class":54},[48,49861,59],{"class":58},[48,49863,34554],{"class":488},[48,49865,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49867,109],{"class":108},[48,49869,91],{"class":84},[48,49871,48582],{"class":108},[48,49873,91],{"class":84},[48,49875,362],{"class":87},[48,49877,365],{"class":84},[48,49879,3326],{"class":84},[48,49881,1887],{"class":1047},[48,49883,365],{"class":84},[48,49885,39965],{"class":1047},[48,49887,2697],{"class":84},[20,49889,49890],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49892,16372],{},[39,49894,49896],{"className":41,"code":49895,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49897,49898,49906],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49899,49900,49902,49904],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49901,2147],{"class":54},[48,49903,59],{"class":58},[48,49905,34554],{"class":488},[48,49907,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49909,109],{"class":108},[48,49911,91],{"class":84},[48,49913,48582],{"class":108},[48,49915,91],{"class":84},[48,49917,362],{"class":87},[48,49919,365],{"class":84},[48,49921,8948],{"class":84},[48,49923,1887],{"class":1047},[48,49925,365],{"class":84},[48,49927,39965],{"class":1047},[48,49929,2610],{"class":84},[1200,49931,25490,49933,49935],{"id":49932},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49934,44512],{}," converts a value",[20,49937,18631],{},[39,49939,49941],{"className":41,"code":49940,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49942,49943,49956,49974,49978],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49944,49945,49947,49949,49951,49954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49946,2147],{"class":54},[48,49948,59],{"class":58},[48,49950,63],{"class":62},[48,49952,49953],{"class":66},"123",[48,49955,70],{"class":62},[48,49957,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968,49970,49972],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,49959,1929],{"class":54},[48,49961,59],{"class":58},[48,49963,49320],{"class":108},[48,49965,91],{"class":84},[48,49967,362],{"class":87},[48,49969,365],{"class":84},[48,49971,44983],{"class":1047},[48,49973,102],{"class":84},[48,49975,49976],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,49977,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,49979,49980,49982,49984,49986],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,49981,109],{"class":108},[48,49983,91],{"class":84},[48,49985,1964],{"class":87},[48,49987,102],{"class":84},[20,49989,1037],{},[39,49991,49992],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,49993,49994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,49995,49996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,49997,3746],{"class":3556},[20,49999,50000,50001,50004,50005,50007],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50002,50003],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50006,49953],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50009,50010,50011,1575],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50012,50013],{},"int(value)",[1200,50015,50017],{"id":50016},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50019,50020,50022],{},[15,50021,44512],{}," does not modify anything.",[39,50024,50026],{"className":41,"code":50025,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50027,50028,50040,50044,50062],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50029,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50031,2147],{"class":54},[48,50033,59],{"class":58},[48,50035,63],{"class":62},[48,50037,13272],{"class":66},[48,50039,70],{"class":62},[48,50041,50042],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50043,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,50045,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50047,109],{"class":108},[48,50049,91],{"class":84},[48,50051,48582],{"class":108},[48,50053,91],{"class":84},[48,50055,362],{"class":87},[48,50057,365],{"class":84},[48,50059,48611],{"class":1047},[48,50061,1034],{"class":84},[48,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50065,109],{"class":108},[48,50067,91],{"class":84},[48,50069,362],{"class":87},[48,50071,102],{"class":84},[20,50073,1037],{},[39,50075,50077],{"className":41,"code":50076,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n100\n",[15,50078,50079,50083],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50080,50081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50082,3685],{"class":3556},[48,50084,50085],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50086,46969],{"class":488},[20,50088,50089],{},"The value stays the same.",[34,50091,25658],{"id":25657},[20,50093,50094],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[39,50096,50098],{"className":41,"code":50097,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50099,50100,50114,50132,50156],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50101,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50103,109],{"class":108},[48,50105,91],{"class":84},[48,50107,2921],{"class":1047},[48,50109,91],{"class":84},[48,50111,362],{"class":87},[48,50113,1034],{"class":84},[48,50115,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126,50128,50130],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50117,109],{"class":108},[48,50119,91],{"class":84},[48,50121,48582],{"class":108},[48,50123,91],{"class":84},[48,50125,362],{"class":87},[48,50127,365],{"class":84},[48,50129,44983],{"class":1047},[48,50131,1034],{"class":84},[48,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148,50150,50152,50154],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50135,109],{"class":108},[48,50137,91],{"class":84},[48,50139,48582],{"class":108},[48,50141,91],{"class":84},[48,50143,362],{"class":87},[48,50145,365],{"class":84},[48,50147,8948],{"class":84},[48,50149,1887],{"class":1047},[48,50151,365],{"class":84},[48,50153,39965],{"class":1047},[48,50155,2610],{"class":84},[48,50157,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50159,109],{"class":108},[48,50161,91],{"class":84},[48,50163,1428],{"class":108},[48,50165,91],{"class":84},[48,50167,362],{"class":87},[48,50169,1034],{"class":84},[20,50171,50172],{},"These can help when:",[162,50174,50175,50178,50183,50186],{},[165,50176,50177],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[165,50179,50180,50181],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50182,2703],{},[165,50184,50185],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[165,50187,50188,50189,50191],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50190,44512],{}," is invalid",[20,50193,50194],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[162,50196,50197,50211,50217,50222],{},[165,50198,50199,50200,1358,50203,50206,50207,1358,50209],{},"using ",[15,50201,50202],{},"'int'",[15,50204,50205],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50208,1887],{},[15,50210,3144],{},[165,50212,50213,50214,50216],{},"expecting ",[15,50215,44512],{}," to convert a value",[165,50218,50199,50219,50221],{},[15,50220,2002],{}," when inherited types should also match",[165,50223,50224],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50226,50227,50228,32],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[224,50229,50231,50232],{"href":50230},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50233,50234],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[34,50236,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,50238,4849,50240,4852],{"id":50239},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50241,44512],{},[20,50243,4855,50244,50246,50247,32],{},[15,50245,3306],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50248,3379],{},[1200,50250,1579,50252,50254],{"id":50251},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50253,44512],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50256,50257,50258,32],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50259,50260],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1200,50262,1559,50264,500,50266,1564],{"id":50263},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50265,44512],{},[15,50267,2002],{},[20,50269,50270,50272,50273,50275],{},[15,50271,2002],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50274,44512],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1200,50277,12418,50279,50281],{"id":50278},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50280,44512],{}," convert a value?",[20,50283,50284],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[34,50286,1599],{"id":1598},[162,50288,50289,50295,50299,50304,50309],{},[165,50290,50291],{},[224,50292,3277,50293,3210],{"href":1999},[15,50294,2002],{},[165,50296,50297],{},[224,50298,44504],{"href":48685},[165,50300,50301],{},[224,50302,50303],{"href":2660},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[165,50305,50306],{},[224,50307,50308],{"href":48688},"What is a data type in Python?",[165,50310,50311],{},[224,50312,50231,50313],{"href":50230},[15,50314,50234],{},[1633,50316,50317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":50319},[50320,50321,50323,50326,50330,50331,50336,50342,50350,50351,50361],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":48624,"depth":73,"text":50322},"What isinstance() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":50324},[50325],{"id":48716,"depth":105,"text":48717},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187,"children":50327},[50328,50329],{"id":48804,"depth":105,"text":48805},{"id":48875,"depth":105,"text":48876},{"id":48962,"depth":73,"text":48963},{"id":49159,"depth":73,"text":50332,"children":50333},"isinstance() vs type()",[50334,50335],{"id":49175,"depth":105,"text":49178},{"id":49217,"depth":105,"text":49220},{"id":49278,"depth":73,"text":49279,"children":50337},[50338,50339,50340,50341],{"id":49287,"depth":105,"text":49288},{"id":49469,"depth":105,"text":49470},{"id":49596,"depth":105,"text":49597},{"id":49674,"depth":105,"text":49675},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":50343},[50344,50346,50347,50349],{"id":49764,"depth":105,"text":50345},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49847,"depth":105,"text":49848},{"id":49932,"depth":105,"text":50348},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50016,"depth":105,"text":50017},{"id":25657,"depth":73,"text":25658},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":50352},[50353,50355,50357,50359],{"id":50239,"depth":105,"text":50354},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50251,"depth":105,"text":50356},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50263,"depth":105,"text":50358},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50278,"depth":105,"text":50360},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48525,"description":50362},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50368,"title":50369,"body":50370,"description":52335,"extension":1666,"meta":52336,"navigation":122,"path":52337,"seo":52338,"stem":52339,"__hash__":52340},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50371,"toc":52310},[50372,50375,50380,50385,50399,50402,50404,50477,50482,50486,50491,50494,50508,50510,50675,50688,50690,50692,50707,50710,50713,50726,50728,50825,50829,50835,50838,50847,50849,50884,50889,50909,50914,50919,50950,50953,51010,51014,51020,51023,51076,51078,51117,51120,51188,51191,51242,51249,51253,51259,51344,51350,51356,51405,51408,51411,51461,51463,51468,51472,51522,51526,51573,51577,51654,51658,51723,51726,51730,51735,51740,51752,51754,51773,51779,51782,51801,51806,51833,51840,51844,51850,51853,51948,51951,51954,52003,52008,52010,52014,52049,52052,52109,52119,52122,52156,52159,52161,52165,52168,52172,52175,52179,52182,52186,52198,52202,52207,52209,52259,52271,52273,52307],[10,50373,50369],{"id":50374},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50376,8834,50377,50379],{},[15,50378,42068],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50381,35117,50382,50384],{},[15,50383,42068],{}," to count:",[162,50386,50387,50390,50393,50396],{},[165,50388,50389],{},"characters in a string",[165,50391,50392],{},"items in a list or tuple",[165,50394,50395],{},"keys in a dictionary",[165,50397,50398],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50400,50401],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[34,50403,37],{"id":36},[39,50405,50407],{"className":41,"code":50406,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50408,50409,50421,50441,50445,50461],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50410,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50412,55],{"class":54},[48,50414,59],{"class":58},[48,50416,63],{"class":62},[48,50418,1008],{"class":66},[48,50420,70],{"class":62},[48,50422,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50424,7489],{"class":54},[48,50426,59],{"class":58},[48,50428,3326],{"class":84},[48,50430,2031],{"class":488},[48,50432,365],{"class":84},[48,50434,7500],{"class":488},[48,50436,365],{"class":84},[48,50438,7505],{"class":488},[48,50440,3339],{"class":84},[48,50442,50443],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50444,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50448,109],{"class":108},[48,50450,91],{"class":84},[48,50452,10874],{"class":108},[48,50454,91],{"class":84},[48,50456,213],{"class":87},[48,50458,229],{"class":84},[48,50460,883],{"class":129},[48,50462,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,50464,109],{"class":108},[48,50466,91],{"class":84},[48,50468,10874],{"class":108},[48,50470,91],{"class":84},[48,50472,7520],{"class":87},[48,50474,229],{"class":84},[48,50476,494],{"class":129},[20,50478,139,50479,50481],{},[15,50480,42068],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[34,50483,50485],{"id":50484},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50487,50488,50490],{},[15,50489,42068],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50492,50493],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[162,50495,50496,50499,50502,50505],{},[165,50497,50498],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[165,50500,50501],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[165,50503,50504],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[165,50506,50507],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50509,182],{},[39,50511,50513],{"className":41,"code":50512,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50514,50515,50527,50552,50584,50604,50608,50625,50642,50659],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50516,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50518,7587],{"class":54},[48,50520,59],{"class":58},[48,50522,63],{"class":62},[48,50524,7386],{"class":66},[48,50526,70],{"class":62},[48,50528,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50550],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50530,3321],{"class":54},[48,50532,59],{"class":58},[48,50534,3326],{"class":84},[48,50536,2031],{"class":488},[48,50538,365],{"class":84},[48,50540,7500],{"class":488},[48,50542,365],{"class":84},[48,50544,7505],{"class":488},[48,50546,365],{"class":84},[48,50548,50549],{"class":488}," 40",[48,50551,3339],{"class":84},[48,50553,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568,50570,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50555,8877],{"class":54},[48,50557,59],{"class":58},[48,50559,10203],{"class":84},[48,50561,94],{"class":62},[48,50563,224],{"class":66},[48,50565,94],{"class":62},[48,50567,503],{"class":84},[48,50569,5204],{"class":488},[48,50571,365],{"class":84},[48,50573,63],{"class":62},[48,50575,4466],{"class":66},[48,50577,94],{"class":62},[48,50579,503],{"class":84},[48,50581,489],{"class":488},[48,50583,9021],{"class":84},[48,50585,50586,50588,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50587,3528],{"class":54},[48,50589,59],{"class":58},[48,50591,10203],{"class":84},[48,50593,1837],{"class":488},[48,50595,365],{"class":84},[48,50597,37354],{"class":488},[48,50599,365],{"class":84},[48,50601,5701],{"class":488},[48,50603,9021],{"class":84},[48,50605,50606],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,50607,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,50609,50610,50612,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,50611,109],{"class":108},[48,50613,91],{"class":84},[48,50615,10874],{"class":108},[48,50617,91],{"class":84},[48,50619,7377],{"class":87},[48,50621,229],{"class":84},[48,50623,50624],{"class":129},"     # 3\n",[48,50626,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,50628,109],{"class":108},[48,50630,91],{"class":84},[48,50632,10874],{"class":108},[48,50634,91],{"class":84},[48,50636,3353],{"class":87},[48,50638,229],{"class":84},[48,50640,50641],{"class":129},"  # 4\n",[48,50643,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,50645,109],{"class":108},[48,50647,91],{"class":84},[48,50649,10874],{"class":108},[48,50651,91],{"class":84},[48,50653,8916],{"class":87},[48,50655,229],{"class":84},[48,50657,50658],{"class":129},"     # 2\n",[48,50660,50661,50663,50665,50667,50669,50671,50673],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,50662,109],{"class":108},[48,50664,91],{"class":84},[48,50666,10874],{"class":108},[48,50668,91],{"class":84},[48,50670,5065],{"class":87},[48,50672,229],{"class":84},[48,50674,853],{"class":129},[20,50676,50677,50678,1888,50682,16789,50686,32],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[224,50679,50681],{"href":50680},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[224,50683,50685],{"href":50684},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[224,50687,8867],{"href":8866},[34,50689,340],{"id":339},[20,50691,343],{},[39,50693,50695],{"className":41,"code":50694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len(object)\n",[15,50696,50697],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50698,50699,50701,50703,50705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50700,10874],{"class":108},[48,50702,91],{"class":84},[48,50704,42106],{"class":1047},[48,50706,102],{"class":84},[20,50708,50709],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50711,50712],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[162,50714,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723],{},[165,50716,37618],{},[165,50718,37612],{},[165,50720,37615],{},[165,50722,37621],{},[165,50724,50725],{},"a dictionary",[20,50727,182],{},[39,50729,50731],{"className":41,"code":50730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50732,50733,50754,50778,50800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50734,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50736,109],{"class":108},[48,50738,91],{"class":84},[48,50740,10874],{"class":108},[48,50742,91],{"class":84},[48,50744,94],{"class":62},[48,50746,43],{"class":66},[48,50748,94],{"class":62},[48,50750,229],{"class":84},[48,50752,50753],{"class":129},"      # 6\n",[48,50755,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50757,109],{"class":108},[48,50759,91],{"class":84},[48,50761,10874],{"class":108},[48,50763,2684],{"class":84},[48,50765,272],{"class":488},[48,50767,365],{"class":84},[48,50769,489],{"class":488},[48,50771,365],{"class":84},[48,50773,2152],{"class":488},[48,50775,4440],{"class":84},[48,50777,50624],{"class":129},[48,50779,50780,50782,50784,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50797],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50781,109],{"class":108},[48,50783,91],{"class":84},[48,50785,10874],{"class":108},[48,50787,5217],{"class":84},[48,50789,2031],{"class":488},[48,50791,365],{"class":84},[48,50793,7500],{"class":488},[48,50795,50796],{"class":84},")))",[48,50798,50799],{"class":129},"      # 2\n",[48,50801,50802,50804,50806,50808,50810,50812,50814,50816,50818,50820,50823],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50803,109],{"class":108},[48,50805,91],{"class":84},[48,50807,10874],{"class":108},[48,50809,5236],{"class":84},[48,50811,94],{"class":62},[48,50813,1873],{"class":66},[48,50815,94],{"class":62},[48,50817,503],{"class":84},[48,50819,5204],{"class":488},[48,50821,50822],{"class":84},"}))",[48,50824,824],{"class":129},[34,50826,50828],{"id":50827},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50830,50831,50832,50834],{},"When you use ",[15,50833,42068],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50836,50837],{},"That includes:",[162,50839,50840,50842,50844],{},[165,50841,35853],{},[165,50843,10164],{},[165,50845,50846],{},"punctuation",[20,50848,182],{},[39,50850,50852],{"className":41,"code":50851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50853,50854,50867],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50855,50856,50858,50860,50862,50865],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50857,55],{"class":54},[48,50859,59],{"class":58},[48,50861,63],{"class":62},[48,50863,50864],{"class":66},"Hi there!",[48,50866,70],{"class":62},[48,50868,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50870,109],{"class":108},[48,50872,91],{"class":84},[48,50874,10874],{"class":108},[48,50876,91],{"class":84},[48,50878,213],{"class":87},[48,50880,229],{"class":84},[48,50882,50883],{"class":129},"  # 9\n",[20,50885,50886,50887,1564],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50888,1845],{},[162,50890,50891,50896,50900,50903],{},[165,50892,50893,50895],{},[15,50894,324],{}," = 1",[165,50897,50898,50895],{},[15,50899,35864],{},[165,50901,50902],{},"space = 1",[165,50904,50905,50908],{},[15,50906,50907],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50910,50911,50912],{},"Total: ",[15,50913,1845],{},[20,50915,50916,50917,503],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50918,578],{},[39,50920,50922],{"className":41,"code":50921,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50923,50924,50933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50925,50926,50929,50931],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50927,50928],{"class":54},"empty_text ",[48,50930,59],{"class":58},[48,50932,7592],{"class":62},[48,50934,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50946,50948],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50936,109],{"class":108},[48,50938,91],{"class":84},[48,50940,10874],{"class":108},[48,50942,91],{"class":84},[48,50944,50945],{"class":87},"empty_text",[48,50947,229],{"class":84},[48,50949,639],{"class":129},[20,50951,50952],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[39,50954,50956],{"className":41,"code":50955,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50957,50958,50971,50975,50995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,50959,50960,50963,50965,50967,50969],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,50961,50962],{"class":54},"user_name ",[48,50964,59],{"class":58},[48,50966,63],{"class":62},[48,50968,4710],{"class":66},[48,50970,70],{"class":62},[48,50972,50973],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,50974,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50986,50988,50991,50993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,50978,6705],{"class":1107},[48,50980,38095],{"class":108},[48,50982,91],{"class":84},[48,50984,50985],{"class":87},"user_name",[48,50987,3366],{"class":84},[48,50989,50990],{"class":58}," >=",[48,50992,2152],{"class":488},[48,50994,1110],{"class":84},[48,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51006,51008],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,50998,1138],{"class":108},[48,51000,91],{"class":84},[48,51002,94],{"class":62},[48,51004,51005],{"class":66},"Name is long enough",[48,51007,94],{"class":62},[48,51009,102],{"class":84},[34,51011,51013],{"id":51012},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51015,51016,51017,51019],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51018,42068],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51021,51022],{},"Example with a list:",[39,51024,51026],{"className":41,"code":51025,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51027,51028,51060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51029,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51031,12789],{"class":54},[48,51033,59],{"class":58},[48,51035,3326],{"class":84},[48,51037,94],{"class":62},[48,51039,12806],{"class":66},[48,51041,94],{"class":62},[48,51043,365],{"class":84},[48,51045,63],{"class":62},[48,51047,17173],{"class":66},[48,51049,94],{"class":62},[48,51051,365],{"class":84},[48,51053,63],{"class":62},[48,51055,12823],{"class":66},[48,51057,94],{"class":62},[48,51059,3339],{"class":84},[48,51061,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51063,109],{"class":108},[48,51065,91],{"class":84},[48,51067,10874],{"class":108},[48,51069,91],{"class":84},[48,51071,17220],{"class":87},[48,51073,229],{"class":84},[48,51075,494],{"class":129},[20,51077,37627],{},[39,51079,51081],{"className":41,"code":51080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51082,51083,51100],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51084,51085,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51086,51087],{"class":54},"point ",[48,51089,59],{"class":58},[48,51091,8948],{"class":84},[48,51093,2031],{"class":488},[48,51095,365],{"class":84},[48,51097,7500],{"class":488},[48,51099,102],{"class":84},[48,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51113,51115],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51103,109],{"class":108},[48,51105,91],{"class":84},[48,51107,10874],{"class":108},[48,51109,91],{"class":84},[48,51111,51112],{"class":87},"point",[48,51114,229],{"class":84},[48,51116,443],{"class":129},[20,51118,51119],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[39,51121,51123],{"className":41,"code":51122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51124,51125,51149,51153,51171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51126,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143,51145,51147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51128,7489],{"class":54},[48,51130,59],{"class":58},[48,51132,3326],{"class":84},[48,51134,94],{"class":62},[48,51136,3785],{"class":66},[48,51138,94],{"class":62},[48,51140,365],{"class":84},[48,51142,63],{"class":62},[48,51144,198],{"class":66},[48,51146,94],{"class":62},[48,51148,3339],{"class":84},[48,51150,51151],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51152,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51154,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51156,6705],{"class":1107},[48,51158,38095],{"class":108},[48,51160,91],{"class":84},[48,51162,7520],{"class":87},[48,51164,3366],{"class":84},[48,51166,38105],{"class":58},[48,51168,5204],{"class":488},[48,51170,1110],{"class":84},[48,51172,51173,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51174,1138],{"class":108},[48,51176,91],{"class":84},[48,51178,7520],{"class":87},[48,51180,3605],{"class":84},[48,51182,272],{"class":488},[48,51184,20163],{"class":84},[48,51186,51187],{"class":129},"  # banana\n",[20,51189,51190],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[39,51192,51194],{"className":41,"code":51193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51195,51196,51219],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51197,51198,51200,51202,51204,51207,51209,51212,51214,51217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51199,4770],{"class":54},[48,51201,59],{"class":58},[48,51203,3326],{"class":84},[48,51205,51206],{"class":488},"88",[48,51208,365],{"class":84},[48,51210,51211],{"class":488}," 91",[48,51213,365],{"class":84},[48,51215,51216],{"class":488}," 75",[48,51218,3339],{"class":84},[48,51220,51221,51223,51225,51227,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51222,109],{"class":108},[48,51224,91],{"class":84},[48,51226,94],{"class":62},[48,51228,51229],{"class":66},"Number of scores:",[48,51231,94],{"class":62},[48,51233,365],{"class":84},[48,51235,38095],{"class":108},[48,51237,91],{"class":84},[48,51239,16105],{"class":87},[48,51241,1034],{"class":84},[20,51243,51244,51245,32],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[224,51246,51248],{"href":51247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[34,51250,51252],{"id":51251},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51254,51255,51256,51258],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51257,42068],{}," counts keys.",[39,51260,51262],{"className":41,"code":51261,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51263,51264,51272,51290,51304,51320,51324,51328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51265,51266,51268,51270],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51267,12577],{"class":54},[48,51269,59],{"class":58},[48,51271,11205],{"class":84},[48,51273,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51275,11210],{"class":62},[48,51277,7377],{"class":66},[48,51279,94],{"class":62},[48,51281,503],{"class":84},[48,51283,63],{"class":62},[48,51285,7632],{"class":66},[48,51287,94],{"class":62},[48,51289,11226],{"class":84},[48,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51293,11210],{"class":62},[48,51295,9011],{"class":66},[48,51297,94],{"class":62},[48,51299,503],{"class":84},[48,51301,30654],{"class":488},[48,51303,11226],{"class":84},[48,51305,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51307,11210],{"class":62},[48,51309,19609],{"class":66},[48,51311,94],{"class":62},[48,51313,503],{"class":84},[48,51315,63],{"class":62},[48,51317,21960],{"class":66},[48,51319,70],{"class":62},[48,51321,51322],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,51323,9021],{"class":84},[48,51325,51326],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,51327,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51329,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340,51342],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,51331,109],{"class":108},[48,51333,91],{"class":84},[48,51335,10874],{"class":108},[48,51337,91],{"class":84},[48,51339,13340],{"class":87},[48,51341,229],{"class":84},[48,51343,494],{"class":129},[20,51345,51346,51347,51349],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51348,42068],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51351,51352,51353,51355],{},"For sets, ",[15,51354,42068],{}," counts unique items:",[39,51357,51359],{"className":41,"code":51358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51360,51361,51389],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51362,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383,51385,51387],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51364,3321],{"class":54},[48,51366,59],{"class":58},[48,51368,10203],{"class":84},[48,51370,272],{"class":488},[48,51372,365],{"class":84},[48,51374,489],{"class":488},[48,51376,365],{"class":84},[48,51378,2152],{"class":488},[48,51380,365],{"class":84},[48,51382,2152],{"class":488},[48,51384,365],{"class":84},[48,51386,489],{"class":488},[48,51388,9021],{"class":84},[48,51390,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51392,109],{"class":108},[48,51394,91],{"class":84},[48,51396,10874],{"class":108},[48,51398,91],{"class":84},[48,51400,3353],{"class":87},[48,51402,229],{"class":84},[48,51404,494],{"class":129},[20,51406,51407],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51409,51410],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[39,51412,51414],{"className":41,"code":51413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51415,51416,51424,51428,51446],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51417,51418,51420,51422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51419,8877],{"class":54},[48,51421,59],{"class":58},[48,51423,9550],{"class":84},[48,51425,51426],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51427,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51429,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51431,6705],{"class":1107},[48,51433,38095],{"class":108},[48,51435,91],{"class":84},[48,51437,8916],{"class":87},[48,51439,3366],{"class":84},[48,51441,6116],{"class":58},[48,51443,961],{"class":488},[48,51445,1110],{"class":84},[48,51447,51448,51450,51452,51454,51457,51459],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51449,1138],{"class":108},[48,51451,91],{"class":84},[48,51453,94],{"class":62},[48,51455,51456],{"class":66},"The dictionary is empty",[48,51458,94],{"class":62},[48,51460,102],{"class":84},[34,51462,40755],{"id":40754},[20,51464,51465,51466,32],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51467,42068],{},[1200,51469,51471],{"id":51470},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[39,51473,51475],{"className":41,"code":51474,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51476,51477,51485,51489,51507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51478,51479,51481,51483],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51480,7489],{"class":54},[48,51482,59],{"class":58},[48,51484,7549],{"class":84},[48,51486,51487],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51488,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51490,51491,51493,51495,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51492,6705],{"class":1107},[48,51494,38095],{"class":108},[48,51496,91],{"class":84},[48,51498,7520],{"class":87},[48,51500,3366],{"class":84},[48,51502,6116],{"class":58},[48,51504,961],{"class":488},[48,51506,1110],{"class":84},[48,51508,51509,51511,51513,51515,51518,51520],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51510,1138],{"class":108},[48,51512,91],{"class":84},[48,51514,94],{"class":62},[48,51516,51517],{"class":66},"The list is empty",[48,51519,94],{"class":62},[48,51521,102],{"class":84},[1200,51523,51525],{"id":51524},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[39,51527,51529],{"className":41,"code":51528,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51530,51531,51550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51532,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541,51543,51546,51548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51534,5862],{"class":54},[48,51536,59],{"class":58},[48,51538,7953],{"class":108},[48,51540,91],{"class":84},[48,51542,94],{"class":62},[48,51544,51545],{"class":66},"Enter a word: ",[48,51547,94],{"class":62},[48,51549,102],{"class":84},[48,51551,51552,51554,51556,51558,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51553,109],{"class":108},[48,51555,91],{"class":84},[48,51557,94],{"class":62},[48,51559,51560],{"class":66},"Number of characters:",[48,51562,94],{"class":62},[48,51564,365],{"class":84},[48,51566,38095],{"class":108},[48,51568,91],{"class":84},[48,51570,38100],{"class":87},[48,51572,1034],{"class":84},[1200,51574,51576],{"id":51575},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[39,51578,51580],{"className":41,"code":51579,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51581,51582,51596,51600,51618,51633,51639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51583,51584,51587,51589,51591,51594],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51585,51586],{"class":54},"password ",[48,51588,59],{"class":58},[48,51590,63],{"class":62},[48,51592,51593],{"class":66},"secret123",[48,51595,70],{"class":62},[48,51597,51598],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51599,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51603,6705],{"class":1107},[48,51605,38095],{"class":108},[48,51607,91],{"class":84},[48,51609,17339],{"class":87},[48,51611,3366],{"class":84},[48,51613,50990],{"class":58},[48,51615,6068],{"class":488},[48,51617,1110],{"class":84},[48,51619,51620,51622,51624,51626,51629,51631],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51621,1138],{"class":108},[48,51623,91],{"class":84},[48,51625,94],{"class":62},[48,51627,51628],{"class":66},"Password length is valid",[48,51630,94],{"class":62},[48,51632,102],{"class":84},[48,51634,51635,51637],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,51636,27150],{"class":1107},[48,51638,1110],{"class":84},[48,51640,51641,51643,51645,51647,51650,51652],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,51642,1138],{"class":108},[48,51644,91],{"class":84},[48,51646,94],{"class":62},[48,51648,51649],{"class":66},"Password is too short",[48,51651,94],{"class":62},[48,51653,102],{"class":84},[1200,51655,51657],{"id":51656},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[39,51659,51661],{"className":41,"code":51660,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51662,51663,51699],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51664,51665,51668,51670,51672,51674,51677,51679,51681,51683,51686,51688,51690,51692,51695,51697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51666,51667],{"class":54},"results ",[48,51669,59],{"class":58},[48,51671,3326],{"class":84},[48,51673,94],{"class":62},[48,51675,51676],{"class":66},"item1",[48,51678,94],{"class":62},[48,51680,365],{"class":84},[48,51682,63],{"class":62},[48,51684,51685],{"class":66},"item2",[48,51687,94],{"class":62},[48,51689,365],{"class":84},[48,51691,63],{"class":62},[48,51693,51694],{"class":66},"item3",[48,51696,94],{"class":62},[48,51698,3339],{"class":84},[48,51700,51701,51703,51705,51707,51710,51712,51714,51716,51718,51721],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51702,109],{"class":108},[48,51704,91],{"class":84},[48,51706,94],{"class":62},[48,51708,51709],{"class":66},"Items found:",[48,51711,94],{"class":62},[48,51713,365],{"class":84},[48,51715,38095],{"class":108},[48,51717,91],{"class":84},[48,51719,51720],{"class":87},"results",[48,51722,1034],{"class":84},[20,51724,51725],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[34,51727,51729],{"id":51728},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51731,51732,51734],{},[15,51733,42068],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51736,51737,51738,503],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51739,2703],{},[162,51741,51742,51745,51748],{},[165,51743,51744],{},"plain integers",[165,51746,51747],{},"floats",[165,51749,51750],{},[15,51751,3483],{},[20,51753,182],{},[39,51755,51757],{"className":41,"code":51756,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51758,51759],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51760,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51762,109],{"class":108},[48,51764,91],{"class":84},[48,51766,10874],{"class":108},[48,51768,91],{"class":84},[48,51770,1837],{"class":488},[48,51772,1034],{"class":84},[20,51774,51775,51776,51778],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51777,1837],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51780,51781],{},"Another example:",[39,51783,51785],{"className":41,"code":51784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51786,51787],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51790,109],{"class":108},[48,51792,91],{"class":84},[48,51794,10874],{"class":108},[48,51796,91],{"class":84},[48,51798,39853],{"class":488},[48,51800,1034],{"class":84},[20,51802,51803,51804,503],{},"And with ",[15,51805,3483],{},[39,51807,51809],{"className":41,"code":51808,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51810,51811,51819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51812,51813,51815,51817],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51814,2147],{"class":54},[48,51816,59],{"class":58},[48,51818,48234],{"class":3556},[48,51820,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51822,109],{"class":108},[48,51824,91],{"class":84},[48,51826,10874],{"class":108},[48,51828,91],{"class":84},[48,51830,362],{"class":87},[48,51832,1034],{"class":84},[20,51834,51835,51836,32],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[224,51837,51839],{"href":51838},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[34,51841,51843],{"id":51842},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51845,51846,51847,51849],{},"Before using ",[15,51848,42068],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51851,51852],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[39,51854,51856],{"className":41,"code":51855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51857,51858,51866,51870,51880,51894,51912,51930],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51859,51860,51862,51864],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51861,2147],{"class":54},[48,51863,59],{"class":58},[48,51865,48234],{"class":3556},[48,51867,51868],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51869,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51871,51872,51874,51876,51878],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51873,109],{"class":108},[48,51875,91],{"class":84},[48,51877,362],{"class":87},[48,51879,102],{"class":84},[48,51881,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51883,109],{"class":108},[48,51885,91],{"class":84},[48,51887,2921],{"class":1047},[48,51889,91],{"class":84},[48,51891,362],{"class":87},[48,51893,1034],{"class":84},[48,51895,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,51897,109],{"class":108},[48,51899,91],{"class":84},[48,51901,48582],{"class":108},[48,51903,91],{"class":84},[48,51905,362],{"class":87},[48,51907,365],{"class":84},[48,51909,48611],{"class":1047},[48,51911,1034],{"class":84},[48,51913,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,51915,109],{"class":108},[48,51917,91],{"class":84},[48,51919,48582],{"class":108},[48,51921,91],{"class":84},[48,51923,362],{"class":87},[48,51925,365],{"class":84},[48,51927,22275],{"class":1047},[48,51929,1034],{"class":84},[48,51931,51932,51934,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,51933,109],{"class":108},[48,51935,91],{"class":84},[48,51937,48582],{"class":108},[48,51939,91],{"class":84},[48,51941,362],{"class":87},[48,51943,365],{"class":84},[48,51945,8882],{"class":1047},[48,51947,1034],{"class":84},[20,51949,51950],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51952,51953],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[39,51955,51957],{"className":41,"code":51956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51958,51959,51971,51975,51989],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,51960,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,51962,2147],{"class":54},[48,51964,59],{"class":58},[48,51966,63],{"class":62},[48,51968,1008],{"class":66},[48,51970,70],{"class":62},[48,51972,51973],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,51974,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,51976,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985,51987],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,51978,6705],{"class":1107},[48,51980,21300],{"class":54},[48,51982,11907],{"class":58},[48,51984,7810],{"class":58},[48,51986,3557],{"class":3556},[48,51988,1110],{"class":84},[48,51990,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52001],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,51992,1138],{"class":108},[48,51994,91],{"class":84},[48,51996,10874],{"class":108},[48,51998,91],{"class":84},[48,52000,362],{"class":87},[48,52002,1034],{"class":84},[20,52004,52005,52006,32],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[224,52007,8153],{"href":1999},[34,52009,1366],{"id":1365},[20,52011,22810,52012,503],{},[15,52013,42068],{},[162,52015,52016,52024,52032,52040,52046],{},[165,52017,758,52018,52020,52021],{},[15,52019,42068],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52022,52023],{},"len(5)",[165,52025,758,52026,52028,52029],{},[15,52027,42068],{}," on a float like ",[15,52030,52031],{},"len(3.14)",[165,52033,758,52034,52036,52037,52039],{},[15,52035,42068],{}," on ",[15,52038,3483],{}," after a function returns nothing",[165,52041,1398,52042,52045],{},[15,52043,52044],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[165,52047,52048],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52050,52051],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[39,52053,52055],{"className":41,"code":52054,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52056,52057,52093],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52058,52059,52061,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073,52075,52077,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52060,12918],{"class":54},[48,52062,59],{"class":58},[48,52064,10203],{"class":84},[48,52066,94],{"class":62},[48,52068,7377],{"class":66},[48,52070,94],{"class":62},[48,52072,503],{"class":84},[48,52074,63],{"class":62},[48,52076,12594],{"class":66},[48,52078,94],{"class":62},[48,52080,365],{"class":84},[48,52082,63],{"class":62},[48,52084,9011],{"class":66},[48,52086,94],{"class":62},[48,52088,503],{"class":84},[48,52090,7500],{"class":488},[48,52092,9021],{"class":84},[48,52094,52095,52097,52099,52101,52103,52105,52107],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52096,109],{"class":108},[48,52098,91],{"class":84},[48,52100,10874],{"class":108},[48,52102,91],{"class":84},[48,52104,17024],{"class":87},[48,52106,229],{"class":84},[48,52108,443],{"class":129},[20,52110,37305,52111,52113,52114,500,52116,32],{},[15,52112,280],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52115,14955],{},[15,52117,52118],{},"\"age\"",[20,52120,52121],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[39,52123,52125],{"className":41,"code":52124,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52126,52127,52140],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52128,52129,52131,52133,52135,52138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52130,55],{"class":54},[48,52132,59],{"class":58},[48,52134,63],{"class":62},[48,52136,52137],{"class":66},"a b",[48,52139,70],{"class":62},[48,52141,52142,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52143,109],{"class":108},[48,52145,91],{"class":84},[48,52147,10874],{"class":108},[48,52149,91],{"class":84},[48,52151,213],{"class":87},[48,52153,229],{"class":84},[48,52155,494],{"class":129},[20,52157,52158],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[34,52160,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,52162,52164],{"id":52163},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52166,52167],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1200,52169,52171],{"id":52170},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52173,52174],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1200,52176,52178],{"id":52177},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52180,52181],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1200,52183,52185],{"id":52184},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52187,52188,52189,52191,52192,1358,52194,988,52196,32],{},"No. Using ",[15,52190,42068],{}," on an ",[15,52193,1887],{},[15,52195,1891],{},[15,52197,2703],{},[1200,52199,52201],{"id":52200},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52203,7472,52204,32],{},[15,52205,52206],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52208,182],{},[39,52210,52212],{"className":41,"code":52211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52213,52214,52222,52226,52244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52215,52216,52218,52220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52217,8019],{"class":54},[48,52219,59],{"class":58},[48,52221,7549],{"class":84},[48,52223,52224],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52225,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52227,52228,52230,52232,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52229,6705],{"class":1107},[48,52231,38095],{"class":108},[48,52233,91],{"class":84},[48,52235,8050],{"class":87},[48,52237,3366],{"class":84},[48,52239,6116],{"class":58},[48,52241,961],{"class":488},[48,52243,1110],{"class":84},[48,52245,52246,52248,52250,52252,52255,52257],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52247,1138],{"class":108},[48,52249,91],{"class":84},[48,52251,94],{"class":62},[48,52253,52254],{"class":66},"Empty list",[48,52256,94],{"class":62},[48,52258,102],{"class":84},[20,52260,52261,52262,52264,52265,52267,52268,52270],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52263,3379],{}," in an ",[15,52266,6705],{}," statement, but ",[15,52269,42068],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[34,52272,1599],{"id":1598},[162,52274,52275,52279,52283,52287,52292,52296,52302],{},[165,52276,52277],{},[224,52278,50681],{"href":50680},[165,52280,52281],{},[224,52282,50685],{"href":50684},[165,52284,52285],{},[224,52286,8867],{"href":8866},[165,52288,52289],{},[224,52290,52291],{"href":51247},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[165,52293,52294],{},[224,52295,8153],{"href":1999},[165,52297,52298],{},[224,52299,52301],{"href":52300},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[165,52303,52304],{},[224,52305,52306],{"href":51838},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1633,52308,52309],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":52311},[52312,52313,52314,52315,52316,52317,52318,52324,52325,52326,52327,52334],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":50484,"depth":73,"text":50485},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":50827,"depth":73,"text":50828},{"id":51012,"depth":73,"text":51013},{"id":51251,"depth":73,"text":51252},{"id":40754,"depth":73,"text":40755,"children":52319},[52320,52321,52322,52323],{"id":51470,"depth":105,"text":51471},{"id":51524,"depth":105,"text":51525},{"id":51575,"depth":105,"text":51576},{"id":51656,"depth":105,"text":51657},{"id":51728,"depth":73,"text":51729},{"id":51842,"depth":73,"text":51843},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":52328},[52329,52330,52331,52332,52333],{"id":52163,"depth":105,"text":52164},{"id":52170,"depth":105,"text":52171},{"id":52177,"depth":105,"text":52178},{"id":52184,"depth":105,"text":52185},{"id":52200,"depth":105,"text":52201},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50369,"description":52335},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52342,"title":52343,"body":52344,"description":54027,"extension":1666,"meta":54028,"navigation":122,"path":54029,"seo":54030,"stem":54031,"__hash__":54032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52345,"toc":54000},[52346,52349,52362,52368,52370,52424,52429,52433,52449,52452,52466,52472,52474,52477,52496,52512,52514,52590,52592,52629,52640,52642,52645,52706,52708,52741,52744,52750,52754,52757,52882,52884,52943,52951,53004,53006,53033,53039,53048,53052,53055,53060,53112,53114,53140,53146,53200,53202,53227,53230,53254,53260,53262,53266,53268,53325,53327,53335,53337,53359,53361,53414,53416,53440,53444,53446,53485,53487,53495,53501,53505,53557,53559,53585,53593,53597,53602,53611,53613,53679,53681,53713,53717,53722,53724,53738,53741,53814,53816,53842,53844,53848,53855,53859,53866,53870,53873,53875,53928,53930,53956,53960,53969,53971,53997],[10,52347,52343],{"id":52348},"python-list-append-method",[20,52350,765,52351,52354,52355,52358,52359,52361],{},[15,52352,52353],{},"append()"," method adds ",[565,52356,52357],{},"one item"," to the ",[565,52360,396],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52363,52364,52365,52367],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[565,52366,1055],{}," create a new list.",[34,52369,3311],{"id":3310},[39,52371,52373],{"className":41,"code":52372,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52374,52375,52395,52409,52419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52376,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52378,3321],{"class":54},[48,52380,59],{"class":58},[48,52382,3326],{"class":84},[48,52384,272],{"class":488},[48,52386,365],{"class":84},[48,52388,489],{"class":488},[48,52390,365],{"class":84},[48,52392,2152],{"class":488},[48,52394,3339],{"class":84},[48,52396,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405,52407],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52398,3353],{"class":54},[48,52400,32],{"class":84},[48,52402,13267],{"class":87},[48,52404,91],{"class":84},[48,52406,907],{"class":488},[48,52408,102],{"class":84},[48,52410,52411,52413,52415,52417],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52412,109],{"class":108},[48,52414,91],{"class":84},[48,52416,3353],{"class":87},[48,52418,102],{"class":84},[48,52420,52421],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52422,52423],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52425,139,52426,52428],{},[15,52427,52353],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[34,52430,52432],{"id":52431},"what-append-does","What append() does",[162,52434,52435,52440,52443,52446],{},[165,52436,52437,52439],{},[15,52438,52353],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[165,52441,52442],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[165,52444,52445],{},"It does not create a new list",[165,52447,52448],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52450,52451],{},"This means you can append:",[162,52453,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464],{},[165,52455,3353],{},[165,52457,5015],{},[165,52459,40304],{},[165,52461,5006],{},[165,52463,6959],{},[165,52465,34375],{},[20,52467,52468,52469,32],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[224,52470,52471],{"href":50684},"Python lists explained for beginners",[34,52473,5137],{"id":5136},[20,52475,52476],{},"Basic form:",[39,52478,52480],{"className":41,"code":52479,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52481,52482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52483,52484,52486,52488,52490,52492,52494],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52485,8050],{"class":54},[48,52487,32],{"class":84},[48,52489,13267],{"class":87},[48,52491,91],{"class":84},[48,52493,23026],{"class":87},[48,52495,102],{"class":84},[162,52497,52498,52503,52508],{},[165,52499,52500,52502],{},[15,52501,8050],{}," is the list you want to change",[165,52504,52505,52507],{},[15,52506,23026],{}," is the value or object to add",[165,52509,11624,52510],{},[15,52511,3483],{},[20,52513,182],{},[39,52515,52517],{"className":41,"code":52516,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52518,52519,52543,52566,52570,52580],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52520,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52522,35949],{"class":54},[48,52524,59],{"class":58},[48,52526,3326],{"class":84},[48,52528,94],{"class":62},[48,52530,3785],{"class":66},[48,52532,94],{"class":62},[48,52534,365],{"class":84},[48,52536,63],{"class":62},[48,52538,198],{"class":66},[48,52540,94],{"class":62},[48,52542,3339],{"class":84},[48,52544,52545,52547,52549,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52546,1929],{"class":54},[48,52548,59],{"class":58},[48,52550,52551],{"class":54}," fruits",[48,52553,32],{"class":84},[48,52555,13267],{"class":87},[48,52557,91],{"class":84},[48,52559,94],{"class":62},[48,52561,32933],{"class":66},[48,52563,94],{"class":62},[48,52565,102],{"class":84},[48,52567,52568],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52569,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52573,109],{"class":108},[48,52575,91],{"class":84},[48,52577,36001],{"class":87},[48,52579,102],{"class":84},[48,52581,52582,52584,52586,52588],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,52583,109],{"class":108},[48,52585,91],{"class":84},[48,52587,1964],{"class":87},[48,52589,102],{"class":84},[20,52591,1037],{},[39,52593,52595],{"className":41,"code":52594,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52596,52597,52625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52598,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52600,3605],{"class":84},[48,52602,3001],{"class":62},[48,52604,3785],{"class":66},[48,52606,3001],{"class":62},[48,52608,365],{"class":84},[48,52610,2996],{"class":62},[48,52612,198],{"class":66},[48,52614,3001],{"class":62},[48,52616,365],{"class":84},[48,52618,2996],{"class":62},[48,52620,32933],{"class":66},[48,52622,3001],{"class":62},[48,52624,3339],{"class":84},[48,52626,52627],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52628,11521],{"class":3556},[20,52630,52631,52632,52634,52635,52637,52638,32],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52633,52353],{}," updates ",[15,52636,36001],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52639,3483],{},[34,52641,11187],{"id":11186},[20,52643,52644],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[39,52646,52648],{"className":41,"code":52647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52649,52650,52674,52692,52696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52651,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52653,12789],{"class":54},[48,52655,59],{"class":58},[48,52657,3326],{"class":84},[48,52659,94],{"class":62},[48,52661,12806],{"class":66},[48,52663,94],{"class":62},[48,52665,365],{"class":84},[48,52667,63],{"class":62},[48,52669,12823],{"class":66},[48,52671,94],{"class":62},[48,52673,3339],{"class":84},[48,52675,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52677,17220],{"class":54},[48,52679,32],{"class":84},[48,52681,13267],{"class":87},[48,52683,91],{"class":84},[48,52685,94],{"class":62},[48,52687,17173],{"class":66},[48,52689,94],{"class":62},[48,52691,102],{"class":84},[48,52693,52694],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52695,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52697,52698,52700,52702,52704],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52699,109],{"class":108},[48,52701,91],{"class":84},[48,52703,17220],{"class":87},[48,52705,102],{"class":84},[20,52707,1037],{},[39,52709,52711],{"className":41,"code":52710,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52712,52713],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52716,3605],{"class":84},[48,52718,3001],{"class":62},[48,52720,12806],{"class":66},[48,52722,3001],{"class":62},[48,52724,365],{"class":84},[48,52726,2996],{"class":62},[48,52728,12823],{"class":66},[48,52730,3001],{"class":62},[48,52732,365],{"class":84},[48,52734,2996],{"class":62},[48,52736,17173],{"class":66},[48,52738,3001],{"class":62},[48,52740,3339],{"class":84},[20,52742,52743],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52745,30794,52746,32],{},[224,52747,52749],{"href":52748},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[34,52751,52753],{"id":52752},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52755,52756],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[39,52758,52760],{"className":41,"code":52759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52761,52762,52770,52774,52788,52806,52820,52846,52868,52872],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52763,52764,52766,52768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52765,7489],{"class":54},[48,52767,59],{"class":58},[48,52769,7549],{"class":84},[48,52771,52772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52775,52776,52778,52780,52782,52784,52786],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52777,7520],{"class":54},[48,52779,32],{"class":84},[48,52781,13267],{"class":87},[48,52783,91],{"class":84},[48,52785,2031],{"class":488},[48,52787,102],{"class":84},[48,52789,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802,52804],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52791,7520],{"class":54},[48,52793,32],{"class":84},[48,52795,13267],{"class":87},[48,52797,91],{"class":84},[48,52799,94],{"class":62},[48,52801,1008],{"class":66},[48,52803,94],{"class":62},[48,52805,102],{"class":84},[48,52807,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816,52818],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,52809,7520],{"class":54},[48,52811,32],{"class":84},[48,52813,13267],{"class":87},[48,52815,91],{"class":84},[48,52817,3306],{"class":3556},[48,52819,102],{"class":84},[48,52821,52822,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,52823,7520],{"class":54},[48,52825,32],{"class":84},[48,52827,13267],{"class":87},[48,52829,5236],{"class":84},[48,52831,94],{"class":62},[48,52833,7377],{"class":66},[48,52835,94],{"class":62},[48,52837,503],{"class":84},[48,52839,63],{"class":62},[48,52841,7386],{"class":66},[48,52843,94],{"class":62},[48,52845,30207],{"class":84},[48,52847,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,52849,7520],{"class":54},[48,52851,32],{"class":84},[48,52853,13267],{"class":87},[48,52855,2684],{"class":84},[48,52857,272],{"class":488},[48,52859,365],{"class":84},[48,52861,489],{"class":488},[48,52863,365],{"class":84},[48,52865,2152],{"class":488},[48,52867,3593],{"class":84},[48,52869,52870],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,52871,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52873,52874,52876,52878,52880],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,52875,109],{"class":108},[48,52877,91],{"class":84},[48,52879,7520],{"class":87},[48,52881,102],{"class":84},[20,52883,1037],{},[39,52885,52887],{"className":41,"code":52886,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52888,52889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52890,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52928,52930,52932,52934,52936,52938,52940],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52892,3605],{"class":84},[48,52894,2031],{"class":488},[48,52896,365],{"class":84},[48,52898,2996],{"class":62},[48,52900,1008],{"class":66},[48,52902,3001],{"class":62},[48,52904,365],{"class":84},[48,52906,3621],{"class":3556},[48,52908,365],{"class":84},[48,52910,10203],{"class":84},[48,52912,3001],{"class":62},[48,52914,7377],{"class":66},[48,52916,3001],{"class":62},[48,52918,503],{"class":84},[48,52920,2996],{"class":62},[48,52922,7386],{"class":66},[48,52924,3001],{"class":62},[48,52926,52927],{"class":84},"},",[48,52929,3326],{"class":84},[48,52931,272],{"class":488},[48,52933,365],{"class":84},[48,52935,489],{"class":488},[48,52937,365],{"class":84},[48,52939,2152],{"class":488},[48,52941,52942],{"class":84},"]]\n",[20,52944,52945,52946,41862,52948,32],{},"A list added with ",[15,52947,52353],{},[565,52949,52950],{},"one single item",[39,52952,52954],{"className":41,"code":52953,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52955,52956,52972,52990,52994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,52957,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,52959,3321],{"class":54},[48,52961,59],{"class":58},[48,52963,3326],{"class":84},[48,52965,272],{"class":488},[48,52967,365],{"class":84},[48,52969,489],{"class":488},[48,52971,3339],{"class":84},[48,52973,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,52975,3353],{"class":54},[48,52977,32],{"class":84},[48,52979,13267],{"class":87},[48,52981,2684],{"class":84},[48,52983,1764],{"class":488},[48,52985,365],{"class":84},[48,52987,878],{"class":488},[48,52989,3593],{"class":84},[48,52991,52992],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,52993,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,52995,52996,52998,53000,53002],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,52997,109],{"class":108},[48,52999,91],{"class":84},[48,53001,3353],{"class":87},[48,53003,102],{"class":84},[20,53005,1037],{},[39,53007,53009],{"className":41,"code":53008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53010,53011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53012,53013,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53014,3605],{"class":84},[48,53016,272],{"class":488},[48,53018,365],{"class":84},[48,53020,489],{"class":488},[48,53022,365],{"class":84},[48,53024,3326],{"class":84},[48,53026,1764],{"class":488},[48,53028,365],{"class":84},[48,53030,878],{"class":488},[48,53032,52942],{"class":84},[20,53034,1986,53035,53038],{},[15,53036,53037],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53040,1061,53041,53047],{},[224,53042,53044],{"href":53043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53045,53046],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[34,53049,53051],{"id":53050},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53053,53054],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1200,53056,758,53058],{"id":53057},"using-append",[15,53059,52353],{},[39,53061,53062],{"className":41,"code":52953,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53063,53064,53080,53098,53102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53065,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53067,3321],{"class":54},[48,53069,59],{"class":58},[48,53071,3326],{"class":84},[48,53073,272],{"class":488},[48,53075,365],{"class":84},[48,53077,489],{"class":488},[48,53079,3339],{"class":84},[48,53081,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53083,3353],{"class":54},[48,53085,32],{"class":84},[48,53087,13267],{"class":87},[48,53089,2684],{"class":84},[48,53091,1764],{"class":488},[48,53093,365],{"class":84},[48,53095,878],{"class":488},[48,53097,3593],{"class":84},[48,53099,53100],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53101,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53103,53104,53106,53108,53110],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53105,109],{"class":108},[48,53107,91],{"class":84},[48,53109,3353],{"class":87},[48,53111,102],{"class":84},[20,53113,1037],{},[39,53115,53116],{"className":41,"code":53008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53117,53118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53119,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53121,3605],{"class":84},[48,53123,272],{"class":488},[48,53125,365],{"class":84},[48,53127,489],{"class":488},[48,53129,365],{"class":84},[48,53131,3326],{"class":84},[48,53133,1764],{"class":488},[48,53135,365],{"class":84},[48,53137,878],{"class":488},[48,53139,52942],{"class":84},[1200,53141,758,53143],{"id":53142},"using-extend",[15,53144,53145],{},"extend()",[39,53147,53149],{"className":41,"code":53148,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53150,53151,53167,53186,53190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53152,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53154,3321],{"class":54},[48,53156,59],{"class":58},[48,53158,3326],{"class":84},[48,53160,272],{"class":488},[48,53162,365],{"class":84},[48,53164,489],{"class":488},[48,53166,3339],{"class":84},[48,53168,53169,53171,53173,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53170,3353],{"class":54},[48,53172,32],{"class":84},[48,53174,53175],{"class":87},"extend",[48,53177,2684],{"class":84},[48,53179,1764],{"class":488},[48,53181,365],{"class":84},[48,53183,878],{"class":488},[48,53185,3593],{"class":84},[48,53187,53188],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53189,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53193,109],{"class":108},[48,53195,91],{"class":84},[48,53197,3353],{"class":87},[48,53199,102],{"class":84},[20,53201,1037],{},[39,53203,53205],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53206,53207],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53208,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53210,3605],{"class":84},[48,53212,272],{"class":488},[48,53214,365],{"class":84},[48,53216,489],{"class":488},[48,53218,365],{"class":84},[48,53220,2152],{"class":488},[48,53222,365],{"class":84},[48,53224,878],{"class":488},[48,53226,3339],{"class":84},[20,53228,53229],{},"The difference:",[162,53231,53232,53238,53244,53249],{},[165,53233,53234,53237],{},[15,53235,53236],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[165,53239,53240,53243],{},[15,53241,53242],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[165,53245,139,53246,53248],{},[15,53247,52353],{}," for one item",[165,53250,139,53251,53253],{},[15,53252,53145],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53255,53256,53257,32],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[224,53258,53259],{"href":53043},"Python list extend() method",[34,53261,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,53263,53265],{"id":53264},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53267,25406],{},[39,53269,53271],{"className":41,"code":53270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53272,53273,53293,53311,53315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53274,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53276,7489],{"class":54},[48,53278,59],{"class":58},[48,53280,3326],{"class":84},[48,53282,272],{"class":488},[48,53284,365],{"class":84},[48,53286,489],{"class":488},[48,53288,365],{"class":84},[48,53290,2152],{"class":488},[48,53292,3339],{"class":84},[48,53294,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53296,7489],{"class":54},[48,53298,59],{"class":58},[48,53300,5673],{"class":54},[48,53302,32],{"class":84},[48,53304,13267],{"class":87},[48,53306,91],{"class":84},[48,53308,907],{"class":488},[48,53310,102],{"class":84},[48,53312,53313],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53314,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53316,53317,53319,53321,53323],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53318,109],{"class":108},[48,53320,91],{"class":84},[48,53322,7520],{"class":87},[48,53324,102],{"class":84},[20,53326,1037],{},[39,53328,53329],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53330,53331],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53332,53333],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53334,11521],{"class":3556},[20,53336,11613],{},[162,53338,53339,53344,53350],{},[165,53340,53341,53343],{},[15,53342,52353],{}," changes the list in place",[165,53345,53346,1572,53348],{},[15,53347,52353],{},[15,53349,3483],{},[165,53351,53352,53353,53356,53357],{},"So ",[15,53354,53355],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53358,3483],{},[20,53360,10519],{},[39,53362,53364],{"className":41,"code":53363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53365,53366,53386,53400,53404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53367,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53369,7489],{"class":54},[48,53371,59],{"class":58},[48,53373,3326],{"class":84},[48,53375,272],{"class":488},[48,53377,365],{"class":84},[48,53379,489],{"class":488},[48,53381,365],{"class":84},[48,53383,2152],{"class":488},[48,53385,3339],{"class":84},[48,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53389,7520],{"class":54},[48,53391,32],{"class":84},[48,53393,13267],{"class":87},[48,53395,91],{"class":84},[48,53397,907],{"class":488},[48,53399,102],{"class":84},[48,53401,53402],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53403,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53405,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53407,109],{"class":108},[48,53409,91],{"class":84},[48,53411,7520],{"class":87},[48,53413,102],{"class":84},[20,53415,1037],{},[39,53417,53418],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53419,53420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53421,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53423,3605],{"class":84},[48,53425,272],{"class":488},[48,53427,365],{"class":84},[48,53429,489],{"class":488},[48,53431,365],{"class":84},[48,53433,2152],{"class":488},[48,53435,365],{"class":84},[48,53437,878],{"class":488},[48,53439,3339],{"class":84},[1200,53441,53443],{"id":53442},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53445,18631],{},[39,53447,53449],{"className":41,"code":53448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53450,53451,53475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53452,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53454,31594],{"class":54},[48,53456,59],{"class":58},[48,53458,3326],{"class":84},[48,53460,272],{"class":488},[48,53462,365],{"class":84},[48,53464,489],{"class":488},[48,53466,13264],{"class":84},[48,53468,13267],{"class":87},[48,53470,91],{"class":84},[48,53472,1764],{"class":488},[48,53474,102],{"class":84},[48,53476,53477,53479,53481,53483],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53478,109],{"class":108},[48,53480,91],{"class":84},[48,53482,31613],{"class":87},[48,53484,102],{"class":84},[20,53486,1037],{},[39,53488,53489],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53490,53491],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53492,53493],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53494,11521],{"class":3556},[20,53496,53497,53498,53500],{},"Remember: ",[15,53499,52353],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1200,53502,53504],{"id":53503},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[39,53506,53507],{"className":41,"code":52953,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53508,53509,53525,53543,53547],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53510,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53512,3321],{"class":54},[48,53514,59],{"class":58},[48,53516,3326],{"class":84},[48,53518,272],{"class":488},[48,53520,365],{"class":84},[48,53522,489],{"class":488},[48,53524,3339],{"class":84},[48,53526,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53528,3353],{"class":54},[48,53530,32],{"class":84},[48,53532,13267],{"class":87},[48,53534,2684],{"class":84},[48,53536,1764],{"class":488},[48,53538,365],{"class":84},[48,53540,878],{"class":488},[48,53542,3593],{"class":84},[48,53544,53545],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53546,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53548,53549,53551,53553,53555],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53550,109],{"class":108},[48,53552,91],{"class":84},[48,53554,3353],{"class":87},[48,53556,102],{"class":84},[20,53558,1037],{},[39,53560,53561],{"className":41,"code":53008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53562,53563],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53564,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53566,3605],{"class":84},[48,53568,272],{"class":488},[48,53570,365],{"class":84},[48,53572,489],{"class":488},[48,53574,365],{"class":84},[48,53576,3326],{"class":84},[48,53578,1764],{"class":488},[48,53580,365],{"class":84},[48,53582,878],{"class":488},[48,53584,52942],{"class":84},[20,53586,2868,53587,53590,53591,1575],{},[15,53588,53589],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53592,53145],{},[1200,53594,53596],{"id":53595},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53598,53599,53601],{},[15,53600,52353],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53603,53604,53605,32],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[224,53606,53608],{"href":53607},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53609,53610],{},"list.insert()",[20,53612,182],{},[39,53614,53616],{"className":41,"code":53615,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53617,53618,53642,53665,53669],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53619,53620,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53621,35800],{"class":54},[48,53623,59],{"class":58},[48,53625,3326],{"class":84},[48,53627,94],{"class":62},[48,53629,224],{"class":66},[48,53631,94],{"class":62},[48,53633,365],{"class":84},[48,53635,63],{"class":62},[48,53637,632],{"class":66},[48,53639,94],{"class":62},[48,53641,3339],{"class":84},[48,53643,53644,53646,53648,53651,53653,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53645,35853],{"class":54},[48,53647,32],{"class":84},[48,53649,53650],{"class":87},"insert",[48,53652,91],{"class":84},[48,53654,272],{"class":488},[48,53656,365],{"class":84},[48,53658,63],{"class":62},[48,53660,4466],{"class":66},[48,53662,94],{"class":62},[48,53664,102],{"class":84},[48,53666,53667],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53668,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53670,53671,53673,53675,53677],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53672,109],{"class":108},[48,53674,91],{"class":84},[48,53676,35853],{"class":87},[48,53678,102],{"class":84},[20,53680,1037],{},[39,53682,53683],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53684,53685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53686,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53688,3605],{"class":84},[48,53690,3001],{"class":62},[48,53692,224],{"class":66},[48,53694,3001],{"class":62},[48,53696,365],{"class":84},[48,53698,2996],{"class":62},[48,53700,4466],{"class":66},[48,53702,3001],{"class":62},[48,53704,365],{"class":84},[48,53706,2996],{"class":62},[48,53708,632],{"class":66},[48,53710,3001],{"class":62},[48,53712,3339],{"class":84},[34,53714,53716],{"id":53715},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53718,53719,53721],{},[15,53720,52353],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53723,36136],{},[162,53725,53726,53729,53732,53735],{},[165,53727,53728],{},"building a list in a loop",[165,53730,53731],{},"collecting user input",[165,53733,53734],{},"storing results step by step",[165,53736,53737],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53739,53740],{},"Example with a loop:",[39,53742,53744],{"className":41,"code":53743,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53745,53746,53755,53759,53780,53799,53803],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53747,53748,53751,53753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53749,53750],{"class":54},"squares ",[48,53752,59],{"class":58},[48,53754,7549],{"class":84},[48,53756,53757],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53758,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53760,53761,53763,53765,53767,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53762,5665],{"class":1107},[48,53764,6095],{"class":54},[48,53766,3587],{"class":1107},[48,53768,53769],{"class":108}," range",[48,53771,91],{"class":84},[48,53773,272],{"class":488},[48,53775,365],{"class":84},[48,53777,549],{"class":488},[48,53779,8053],{"class":84},[48,53781,53782,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53797],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53783,53784],{"class":54},"    squares",[48,53786,32],{"class":84},[48,53788,13267],{"class":87},[48,53790,91],{"class":84},[48,53792,1916],{"class":87},[48,53794,39582],{"class":58},[48,53796,1896],{"class":87},[48,53798,102],{"class":84},[48,53800,53801],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,53802,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53804,53805,53807,53809,53812],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,53806,109],{"class":108},[48,53808,91],{"class":84},[48,53810,53811],{"class":87},"squares",[48,53813,102],{"class":84},[20,53815,1037],{},[39,53817,53819],{"className":41,"code":53818,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53820,53821],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53822,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53836,53838,53840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53824,3605],{"class":84},[48,53826,272],{"class":488},[48,53828,365],{"class":84},[48,53830,878],{"class":488},[48,53832,365],{"class":84},[48,53834,53835],{"class":488}," 9",[48,53837,365],{"class":84},[48,53839,13702],{"class":488},[48,53841,3339],{"class":84},[34,53843,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,53845,53847],{"id":53846},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53849,46071,53850,53852,53853,32],{},[15,53851,52353],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53854,3483],{},[1200,53856,53858],{"id":53857},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53860,53861,53862,32],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[224,53863,53864],{"href":53043},[15,53865,53145],{},[1200,53867,53869],{"id":53868},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53871,53872],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53874,182],{},[39,53876,53878],{"className":41,"code":53877,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53879,53880,53896,53914,53918],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53881,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53883,8877],{"class":54},[48,53885,59],{"class":58},[48,53887,3326],{"class":84},[48,53889,272],{"class":488},[48,53891,365],{"class":84},[48,53893,489],{"class":488},[48,53895,3339],{"class":84},[48,53897,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910,53912],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,53899,8916],{"class":54},[48,53901,32],{"class":84},[48,53903,13267],{"class":87},[48,53905,2684],{"class":84},[48,53907,1764],{"class":488},[48,53909,365],{"class":84},[48,53911,878],{"class":488},[48,53913,3593],{"class":84},[48,53915,53916],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,53917,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,53919,53920,53922,53924,53926],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,53921,109],{"class":108},[48,53923,91],{"class":84},[48,53925,8916],{"class":87},[48,53927,102],{"class":84},[20,53929,1037],{},[39,53931,53932],{"className":41,"code":53008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,53933,53934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,53935,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,53937,3605],{"class":84},[48,53939,272],{"class":488},[48,53941,365],{"class":84},[48,53943,489],{"class":488},[48,53945,365],{"class":84},[48,53947,3326],{"class":84},[48,53949,1764],{"class":488},[48,53951,365],{"class":84},[48,53953,878],{"class":488},[48,53955,52942],{"class":84},[1200,53957,53959],{"id":53958},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53961,53962,53964,53965,53968],{},[15,53963,52353],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53966,53967],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[34,53970,1599],{"id":1598},[162,53972,53973,53978,53982,53987,53991],{},[165,53974,53975],{},[224,53976,53977],{"href":52748},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[165,53979,53980],{},[224,53981,53259],{"href":53043},[165,53983,53984],{},[224,53985,53986],{"href":53607},"Python list insert() method",[165,53988,53989],{},[224,53990,52471],{"href":50684},[165,53992,53993],{},[224,53994,53996],{"href":53995},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1633,53998,53999],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":54001},[54002,54003,54004,54005,54006,54007,54013,54019,54020,54026],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":52431,"depth":73,"text":52432},{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":52752,"depth":73,"text":52753},{"id":53050,"depth":73,"text":53051,"children":54008},[54009,54011],{"id":53057,"depth":105,"text":54010},"Using append()",{"id":53142,"depth":105,"text":54012},"Using extend()",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":54014},[54015,54016,54017,54018],{"id":53264,"depth":105,"text":53265},{"id":53442,"depth":105,"text":53443},{"id":53503,"depth":105,"text":53504},{"id":53595,"depth":105,"text":53596},{"id":53715,"depth":73,"text":53716},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":54021},[54022,54023,54024,54025],{"id":53846,"depth":105,"text":53847},{"id":53857,"depth":105,"text":53858},{"id":53868,"depth":105,"text":53869},{"id":53958,"depth":105,"text":53959},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52343,"description":54027},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54034,"title":54035,"body":54036,"description":55280,"extension":1666,"meta":55281,"navigation":122,"path":55282,"seo":55283,"stem":55284,"__hash__":55285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54037,"toc":55245},[54038,54044,54050,54056,54058,54106,54111,54116,54120,54136,54142,54144,54147,54162,54164,54175,54177,54179,54236,54238,54246,54248,54264,54270,54272,54278,54282,54366,54369,54418,54425,54433,54436,54450,54463,54469,54544,54551,54558,54632,54640,54643,54654,54663,54667,54671,54682,54684,54761,54782,54784,54794,54797,54845,54847,54868,54871,54873,54924,54930,54937,55004,55010,55016,55019,55046,55051,55057,55060,55132,55135,55146,55152,55154,55160,55163,55169,55175,55182,55190,55196,55202,55204,55242],[10,54039,54041,54042,18],{"id":54040},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54043,11034],{},[20,54045,54046,54049],{},[15,54047,54048],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54051,54052,54053,54055],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[565,54054,11046],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[34,54057,3311],{"id":3310},[39,54059,54061],{"className":41,"code":54060,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54062,54063,54083,54093],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54064,54065,54067,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54066,7489],{"class":54},[48,54068,59],{"class":58},[48,54070,3326],{"class":84},[48,54072,272],{"class":488},[48,54074,365],{"class":84},[48,54076,489],{"class":488},[48,54078,365],{"class":84},[48,54080,2152],{"class":488},[48,54082,3339],{"class":84},[48,54084,54085,54087,54089,54091],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54086,7520],{"class":54},[48,54088,32],{"class":84},[48,54090,11095],{"class":87},[48,54092,8353],{"class":84},[48,54094,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54096,109],{"class":108},[48,54098,91],{"class":84},[48,54100,7520],{"class":87},[48,54102,3366],{"class":84},[48,54104,54105],{"class":129},"  # []\n",[20,54107,139,54108,54110],{},[15,54109,11034],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[34,54112,148,54114,152],{"id":54113},"what-listclear-does",[15,54115,54048],{},[20,54117,54118,503],{},[15,54119,54048],{},[162,54121,54122,54125,54128,54133],{},[165,54123,54124],{},"Removes every item from a list",[165,54126,54127],{},"Changes the original list in place",[165,54129,54130,54131],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54132,3492],{},[165,54134,54135],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54137,54138,54139,54141],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54140,11034],{},", but it contains no values.",[34,54143,340],{"id":339},[20,54145,54146],{},"Syntax:",[39,54148,54150],{"className":41,"code":54149,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54151,54152],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54155,8050],{"class":54},[48,54157,32],{"class":84},[48,54159,11095],{"class":87},[48,54161,8353],{"class":84},[20,54163,11170],{},[162,54165,54166,54169,54172],{},[165,54167,54168],{},"Call it on a list object",[165,54170,54171],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[165,54173,54174],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[34,54176,11187],{"id":11186},[20,54178,11190],{},[39,54180,54182],{"className":41,"code":54181,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54183,54184,54208,54212,54222,54226],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54185,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54187,3321],{"class":54},[48,54189,59],{"class":58},[48,54191,3326],{"class":84},[48,54193,2031],{"class":488},[48,54195,365],{"class":84},[48,54197,7500],{"class":488},[48,54199,365],{"class":84},[48,54201,7505],{"class":488},[48,54203,365],{"class":84},[48,54205,50549],{"class":488},[48,54207,3339],{"class":84},[48,54209,54210],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54211,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54213,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54215,3353],{"class":54},[48,54217,32],{"class":84},[48,54219,11095],{"class":87},[48,54221,8353],{"class":84},[48,54223,54224],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54225,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54227,54228,54230,54232,54234],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54229,109],{"class":108},[48,54231,91],{"class":84},[48,54233,3353],{"class":87},[48,54235,102],{"class":84},[20,54237,1037],{},[39,54239,54240],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54241,54242],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54243,54244],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54245,38006],{"class":84},[20,54247,11396],{},[162,54249,54250,54255,54261],{},[165,54251,54252,54254],{},[15,54253,3353],{}," starts with four items",[165,54256,54257,54260],{},[15,54258,54259],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[165,54262,54263],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54265,54266,54267,32],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[224,54268,52471],{"href":54269},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[34,54271,17136],{"id":17135},[20,54273,54274,1572,54276,32],{},[15,54275,11034],{},[15,54277,3483],{},[20,54279,40615,54280,52367],{},[565,54281,1055],{},[39,54283,54285],{"className":41,"code":54284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54286,54287,54319,54323,54337,54341,54354],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54288,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54290,7489],{"class":54},[48,54292,59],{"class":58},[48,54294,3326],{"class":84},[48,54296,94],{"class":62},[48,54298,224],{"class":66},[48,54300,94],{"class":62},[48,54302,365],{"class":84},[48,54304,63],{"class":62},[48,54306,4466],{"class":66},[48,54308,94],{"class":62},[48,54310,365],{"class":84},[48,54312,63],{"class":62},[48,54314,632],{"class":66},[48,54316,94],{"class":62},[48,54318,3339],{"class":84},[48,54320,54321],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54322,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54324,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54326,1929],{"class":54},[48,54328,59],{"class":58},[48,54330,5673],{"class":54},[48,54332,32],{"class":84},[48,54334,11095],{"class":87},[48,54336,8353],{"class":84},[48,54338,54339],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54340,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54342,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54344,109],{"class":108},[48,54346,91],{"class":84},[48,54348,7520],{"class":87},[48,54350,3366],{"class":84},[48,54352,54353],{"class":129},"   # []\n",[48,54355,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,54357,109],{"class":108},[48,54359,91],{"class":84},[48,54361,1964],{"class":87},[48,54363,3366],{"class":84},[48,54365,20592],{"class":129},[20,54367,54368],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[39,54370,54372],{"className":41,"code":54371,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54373,54374,54394,54408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54375,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54377,7489],{"class":54},[48,54379,59],{"class":58},[48,54381,3326],{"class":84},[48,54383,272],{"class":488},[48,54385,365],{"class":84},[48,54387,489],{"class":488},[48,54389,365],{"class":84},[48,54391,2152],{"class":488},[48,54393,3339],{"class":84},[48,54395,54396,54398,54400,54402,54404,54406],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54397,7489],{"class":54},[48,54399,59],{"class":58},[48,54401,5673],{"class":54},[48,54403,32],{"class":84},[48,54405,11095],{"class":87},[48,54407,8353],{"class":84},[48,54409,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54411,109],{"class":108},[48,54413,91],{"class":84},[48,54415,7520],{"class":87},[48,54417,102],{"class":84},[20,54419,11629,54420,41862,54422,54424],{},[15,54421,7520],{},[15,54423,3483],{},", not an empty list.",[34,54426,54428,54430,54431],{"id":54427},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54429,11034],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54432,3492],{},[20,54434,54435],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[39,54437,54438],{"className":41,"code":54149,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,54439,54440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54441,54442,54444,54446,54448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54443,8050],{"class":54},[48,54445,32],{"class":84},[48,54447,11095],{"class":87},[48,54449,8353],{"class":84},[39,54451,54453],{"className":41,"code":54452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n",[15,54454,54455],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54456,54457,54459,54461],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54458,8019],{"class":54},[48,54460,59],{"class":58},[48,54462,7549],{"class":84},[1200,54464,54466,54468],{"id":54465},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54467,11034],{}," empties the same list object",[39,54470,54472],{"className":41,"code":54471,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54473,54474,54494,54502,54506,54516,54520,54532],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484,54486,54488,54490,54492],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54477,2253],{"class":54},[48,54479,59],{"class":58},[48,54481,3326],{"class":84},[48,54483,272],{"class":488},[48,54485,365],{"class":84},[48,54487,489],{"class":488},[48,54489,365],{"class":84},[48,54491,2152],{"class":488},[48,54493,3339],{"class":84},[48,54495,54496,54498,54500],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54497,2281],{"class":54},[48,54499,59],{"class":58},[48,54501,35885],{"class":54},[48,54503,54504],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54505,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54507,54508,54510,54512,54514],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54509,224],{"class":54},[48,54511,32],{"class":84},[48,54513,11095],{"class":87},[48,54515,8353],{"class":84},[48,54517,54518],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54519,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54521,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,54523,109],{"class":108},[48,54525,91],{"class":84},[48,54527,224],{"class":87},[48,54529,3366],{"class":84},[48,54531,54105],{"class":129},[48,54533,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,54535,109],{"class":108},[48,54537,91],{"class":84},[48,54539,4466],{"class":87},[48,54541,3366],{"class":84},[48,54543,54105],{"class":129},[20,54545,10302,54546,500,54548,54550],{},[15,54547,224],{},[15,54549,4466],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1200,54552,54554,54557],{"id":54553},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54555,54556],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[39,54559,54561],{"className":41,"code":54560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54562,54563,54583,54591,54595,54603,54607,54619],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54564,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54566,2253],{"class":54},[48,54568,59],{"class":58},[48,54570,3326],{"class":84},[48,54572,272],{"class":488},[48,54574,365],{"class":84},[48,54576,489],{"class":488},[48,54578,365],{"class":84},[48,54580,2152],{"class":488},[48,54582,3339],{"class":84},[48,54584,54585,54587,54589],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54586,2281],{"class":54},[48,54588,59],{"class":58},[48,54590,35885],{"class":54},[48,54592,54593],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54594,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54596,54597,54599,54601],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54598,2253],{"class":54},[48,54600,59],{"class":58},[48,54602,7549],{"class":84},[48,54604,54605],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54606,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,54610,109],{"class":108},[48,54612,91],{"class":84},[48,54614,224],{"class":87},[48,54616,3366],{"class":84},[48,54618,54105],{"class":129},[48,54620,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,54622,109],{"class":108},[48,54624,91],{"class":84},[48,54626,4466],{"class":87},[48,54628,3366],{"class":84},[48,54630,54631],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54633,20487,54634,54636,54637,54639],{},[15,54635,224],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54638,4466],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54641,54642],{},"This difference matters when:",[162,54644,54645,54648,54651],{},[165,54646,54647],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[165,54649,54650],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[165,54652,54653],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54655,54656,54657,32],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[224,54658,54660,54661,754],{"href":54659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54662,12490],{},[34,54664,4667,54665],{"id":12151},[15,54666,11034],{},[20,54668,139,54669,6026],{},[15,54670,11034],{},[162,54672,54673,54676,54679],{},[165,54674,54675],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[165,54677,54678],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[165,54680,54681],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54683,182],{},[39,54685,54687],{"className":41,"code":54686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54688,54689,54725,54729,54734,54745,54749],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54690,54691,54694,54696,54698,54700,54703,54705,54707,54709,54712,54714,54716,54718,54721,54723],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54692,54693],{"class":54},"shopping_cart ",[48,54695,59],{"class":58},[48,54697,3326],{"class":84},[48,54699,94],{"class":62},[48,54701,54702],{"class":66},"milk",[48,54704,94],{"class":62},[48,54706,365],{"class":84},[48,54708,63],{"class":62},[48,54710,54711],{"class":66},"bread",[48,54713,94],{"class":62},[48,54715,365],{"class":84},[48,54717,63],{"class":62},[48,54719,54720],{"class":66},"eggs",[48,54722,94],{"class":62},[48,54724,3339],{"class":84},[48,54726,54727],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54728,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54730,54731],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54732,54733],{"class":129},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[48,54735,54736,54739,54741,54743],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54737,54738],{"class":54},"shopping_cart",[48,54740,32],{"class":84},[48,54742,11095],{"class":87},[48,54744,8353],{"class":84},[48,54746,54747],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54748,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54750,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,54752,109],{"class":108},[48,54754,91],{"class":84},[48,54756,54738],{"class":87},[48,54758,3366],{"class":84},[48,54760,54105],{"class":129},[20,54762,54763,54764,54768,54769,54775,54776,32],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[224,54765,54767],{"href":54766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[224,54770,54772,754],{"href":54771},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54773,54774],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[224,54777,54779,754],{"href":54778},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54780,54781],{},"list.pop()",[34,54783,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,54785,54787,54788,10804,54791],{"id":54786},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54789,54790],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54792,54793],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54795,54796],{},"This does not call the method.",[39,54798,54800],{"className":41,"code":54799,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54801,54802,54822,54826,54835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54803,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54805,7489],{"class":54},[48,54807,59],{"class":58},[48,54809,3326],{"class":84},[48,54811,272],{"class":488},[48,54813,365],{"class":84},[48,54815,489],{"class":488},[48,54817,365],{"class":84},[48,54819,2152],{"class":488},[48,54821,3339],{"class":84},[48,54823,54824],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54825,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54827,54828,54830,54832],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54829,7520],{"class":54},[48,54831,32],{"class":84},[48,54833,54834],{"class":24466},"clear\n",[48,54836,54837,54839,54841,54843],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54838,109],{"class":108},[48,54840,91],{"class":84},[48,54842,7520],{"class":87},[48,54844,102],{"class":84},[20,54846,1037],{},[39,54848,54850],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54851,54852],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864,54866],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54855,3605],{"class":84},[48,54857,272],{"class":488},[48,54859,365],{"class":84},[48,54861,489],{"class":488},[48,54863,365],{"class":84},[48,54865,2152],{"class":488},[48,54867,3339],{"class":84},[20,54869,54870],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54872,10519],{},[39,54874,54876],{"className":41,"code":54875,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54877,54878,54898,54902,54912],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54879,54880,54882,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892,54894,54896],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54881,7489],{"class":54},[48,54883,59],{"class":58},[48,54885,3326],{"class":84},[48,54887,272],{"class":488},[48,54889,365],{"class":84},[48,54891,489],{"class":488},[48,54893,365],{"class":84},[48,54895,2152],{"class":488},[48,54897,3339],{"class":84},[48,54899,54900],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54901,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54903,54904,54906,54908,54910],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54905,7520],{"class":54},[48,54907,32],{"class":84},[48,54909,11095],{"class":87},[48,54911,8353],{"class":84},[48,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54915,109],{"class":108},[48,54917,91],{"class":84},[48,54919,7520],{"class":87},[48,54921,3366],{"class":84},[48,54923,54105],{"class":129},[1200,54925,1379,54927,54929],{"id":54926},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54928,11034],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54931,54932,1572,54934,54936],{},[15,54933,11034],{},[15,54935,3483],{},", not the list.",[39,54938,54940],{"className":41,"code":54939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54941,54942,54962,54976,54980,54992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,54943,54944,54946,54948,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,54945,7489],{"class":54},[48,54947,59],{"class":58},[48,54949,3326],{"class":84},[48,54951,272],{"class":488},[48,54953,365],{"class":84},[48,54955,489],{"class":488},[48,54957,365],{"class":84},[48,54959,2152],{"class":488},[48,54961,3339],{"class":84},[48,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,54965,1929],{"class":54},[48,54967,59],{"class":58},[48,54969,5673],{"class":54},[48,54971,32],{"class":84},[48,54973,11095],{"class":87},[48,54975,8353],{"class":84},[48,54977,54978],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,54979,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,54981,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,54983,109],{"class":108},[48,54985,91],{"class":84},[48,54987,1964],{"class":87},[48,54989,3366],{"class":84},[48,54991,20592],{"class":129},[48,54993,54994,54996,54998,55000,55002],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,54995,109],{"class":108},[48,54997,91],{"class":84},[48,54999,7520],{"class":87},[48,55001,3366],{"class":84},[48,55003,54353],{"class":129},[1200,55005,758,55007,55009],{"id":55006},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55008,11034],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55011,55012,55013,55015],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55014,11034],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55017,55018],{},"This will fail:",[39,55020,55022],{"className":41,"code":55021,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55023,55024,55036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55025,55026,55028,55030,55032,55034],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55027,55],{"class":54},[48,55029,59],{"class":58},[48,55031,63],{"class":62},[48,55033,1008],{"class":66},[48,55035,70],{"class":62},[48,55037,55038,55040,55042,55044],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55039,213],{"class":54},[48,55041,32],{"class":84},[48,55043,11095],{"class":87},[48,55045,8353],{"class":84},[20,55047,55048,55049,33313],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55050,11034],{},[20,55052,55053,55054,55056],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55055,3483],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55058,55059],{},"Useful checks:",[39,55061,55063],{"className":41,"code":55062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55064,55065,55075,55089,55103,55112,55122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55066,55067,55069,55071,55073],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55068,109],{"class":108},[48,55070,91],{"class":84},[48,55072,8050],{"class":87},[48,55074,102],{"class":84},[48,55076,55077,55079,55081,55083,55085,55087],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55078,109],{"class":108},[48,55080,91],{"class":84},[48,55082,2921],{"class":1047},[48,55084,91],{"class":84},[48,55086,8050],{"class":87},[48,55088,1034],{"class":84},[48,55090,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099,55101],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55092,109],{"class":108},[48,55094,91],{"class":84},[48,55096,12363],{"class":108},[48,55098,91],{"class":84},[48,55100,8050],{"class":87},[48,55102,1034],{"class":84},[48,55104,55105,55107,55109],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55106,43256],{"class":54},[48,55108,59],{"class":58},[48,55110,55111],{"class":54}," my_list\n",[48,55113,55114,55116,55118,55120],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,55115,8050],{"class":54},[48,55117,32],{"class":84},[48,55119,11095],{"class":87},[48,55121,8353],{"class":84},[48,55123,55124,55126,55128,55130],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,55125,109],{"class":108},[48,55127,91],{"class":84},[48,55129,30454],{"class":87},[48,55131,102],{"class":84},[20,55133,55134],{},"These can help you see:",[162,55136,55137,55140,55143],{},[165,55138,55139],{},"What the variable currently contains",[165,55141,55142],{},"Whether it is really a list",[165,55144,55145],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55147,55148,55149,32],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[224,55150,55151],{"href":53995},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[34,55153,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,55155,12418,55157,55159],{"id":55156},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55158,54048],{}," delete the list?",[20,55161,55162],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1200,55164,12418,55166,55168],{"id":55165},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55167,54048],{}," return a new list?",[20,55170,55171,55172,55174],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55173,3483],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1200,55176,1559,55178,500,55180,1564],{"id":55177},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55179,11034],{},[15,55181,54556],{},[20,55183,55184,55186,55187,55189],{},[15,55185,11034],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55188,54556],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1200,55191,28044,55193,55195],{"id":55192},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55194,11034],{}," on other types?",[20,55197,55198,55199,55201],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55200,11034],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[34,55203,1599],{"id":1598},[162,55205,55206,55210,55215,55222,55229,55235],{},[165,55207,55208],{},[224,55209,52471],{"href":54269},[165,55211,55212],{},[224,55213,55214],{"href":54766},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[165,55216,55217],{},[224,55218,55219,55220,754],{"href":54778},"Python list ",[15,55221,12476],{},[165,55223,55224],{},[224,55225,55219,55226,754],{"href":54771},[15,55227,55228],{},"remove()",[165,55230,55231],{},[224,55232,55219,55233,754],{"href":54659},[15,55234,12490],{},[165,55236,55237],{},[224,55238,1629,55239,33346],{"href":53995},[15,55240,55241],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1633,55243,55244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":55246},[55247,55248,55250,55251,55252,55253,55260,55261,55269,55279],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":54113,"depth":73,"text":55249},"What list.clear() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":54427,"depth":73,"text":55254,"children":55255},"clear() vs assigning []",[55256,55258],{"id":54465,"depth":105,"text":55257},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54553,"depth":105,"text":55259},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12151,"depth":73,"text":12522},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":55262},[55263,55265,55267],{"id":54786,"depth":105,"text":55264},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54926,"depth":105,"text":55266},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55006,"depth":105,"text":55268},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":55270},[55271,55273,55275,55277],{"id":55156,"depth":105,"text":55272},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55165,"depth":105,"text":55274},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55177,"depth":105,"text":55276},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55192,"depth":105,"text":55278},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54035,"description":55280},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55287,"title":55288,"body":55289,"description":56974,"extension":1666,"meta":56975,"navigation":122,"path":56976,"seo":56977,"stem":56978,"__hash__":56979},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55290,"toc":56942},[55291,55296,55302,55310,55312,55401,55408,55413,55417,55431,55433,55510,55512,55573,55576,55578,55580,55601,55604,55618,55621,55666,55668,55676,55679,55685,55691,55694,55771,55773,55818,55821,55826,55909,55911,55952,55957,55961,55967,55969,55977,55980,56073,56075,56133,56136,56152,56157,56167,56172,56174,56179,56184,56187,56189,56246,56249,56302,56308,56313,56317,56334,56336,56420,56422,56463,56471,56473,56478,56484,56486,56549,56554,56624,56628,56663,56666,56668,56707,56711,56787,56793,56799,56804,56826,56829,56848,56856,56858,56864,56867,56874,56882,56887,56890,56894,56900,56908,56911,56913,56939],[10,55292,54041,55294,18],{"id":55293},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55295,12490],{},[20,55297,55298,55301],{},[15,55299,55300],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55303,55304,55305,13768,55307,55309],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55306,59],{},[565,55308,1055],{}," make a real copy.",[34,55311,37],{"id":36},[39,55313,55315],{"className":41,"code":55314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55316,55317,55337,55352,55356,55371,55375,55388],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55318,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55320,3321],{"class":54},[48,55322,59],{"class":58},[48,55324,3326],{"class":84},[48,55326,272],{"class":488},[48,55328,365],{"class":84},[48,55330,489],{"class":488},[48,55332,365],{"class":84},[48,55334,2152],{"class":488},[48,55336,3339],{"class":84},[48,55338,55339,55342,55344,55346,55348,55350],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55340,55341],{"class":54},"new_numbers ",[48,55343,59],{"class":58},[48,55345,3969],{"class":54},[48,55347,32],{"class":84},[48,55349,12625],{"class":87},[48,55351,8353],{"class":84},[48,55353,55354],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55357,55358,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55359,55360],{"class":54},"new_numbers",[48,55362,32],{"class":84},[48,55364,13267],{"class":87},[48,55366,91],{"class":84},[48,55368,907],{"class":488},[48,55370,102],{"class":84},[48,55372,55373],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,55374,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55376,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,55378,109],{"class":108},[48,55380,91],{"class":84},[48,55382,3353],{"class":87},[48,55384,3366],{"class":84},[48,55386,55387],{"class":129},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[48,55389,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,55391,109],{"class":108},[48,55393,91],{"class":84},[48,55395,55360],{"class":87},[48,55397,3366],{"class":84},[48,55399,55400],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55402,139,55403,55405,55406,32],{},[15,55404,55300],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[565,55407,12564],{},[34,55409,148,55411,152],{"id":55410},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55412,55300],{},[20,55414,55415,503],{},[15,55416,55300],{},[162,55418,55419,55422,55425,55428],{},[165,55420,55421],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[165,55423,55424],{},"Returns that new list",[165,55426,55427],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[165,55429,55430],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55432,182],{},[39,55434,55436],{"className":41,"code":55435,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55437,55438,55470,55485,55489,55499],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55439,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55441,35949],{"class":54},[48,55443,59],{"class":58},[48,55445,3326],{"class":84},[48,55447,94],{"class":62},[48,55449,3785],{"class":66},[48,55451,94],{"class":62},[48,55453,365],{"class":84},[48,55455,63],{"class":62},[48,55457,198],{"class":66},[48,55459,94],{"class":62},[48,55461,365],{"class":84},[48,55463,63],{"class":62},[48,55465,32933],{"class":66},[48,55467,94],{"class":62},[48,55469,3339],{"class":84},[48,55471,55472,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55473,55474],{"class":54},"copied_fruits ",[48,55476,59],{"class":58},[48,55478,52551],{"class":54},[48,55480,32],{"class":84},[48,55482,12625],{"class":87},[48,55484,8353],{"class":84},[48,55486,55487],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55488,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55490,55491,55493,55495,55497],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55492,109],{"class":108},[48,55494,91],{"class":84},[48,55496,36001],{"class":87},[48,55498,102],{"class":84},[48,55500,55501,55503,55505,55508],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,55502,109],{"class":108},[48,55504,91],{"class":84},[48,55506,55507],{"class":87},"copied_fruits",[48,55509,102],{"class":84},[20,55511,1037],{},[39,55513,55515],{"className":41,"code":55514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55516,55517,55545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55518,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539,55541,55543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55520,3605],{"class":84},[48,55522,3001],{"class":62},[48,55524,3785],{"class":66},[48,55526,3001],{"class":62},[48,55528,365],{"class":84},[48,55530,2996],{"class":62},[48,55532,198],{"class":66},[48,55534,3001],{"class":62},[48,55536,365],{"class":84},[48,55538,2996],{"class":62},[48,55540,32933],{"class":66},[48,55542,3001],{"class":62},[48,55544,3339],{"class":84},[48,55546,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559,55561,55563,55565,55567,55569,55571],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55548,3605],{"class":84},[48,55550,3001],{"class":62},[48,55552,3785],{"class":66},[48,55554,3001],{"class":62},[48,55556,365],{"class":84},[48,55558,2996],{"class":62},[48,55560,198],{"class":66},[48,55562,3001],{"class":62},[48,55564,365],{"class":84},[48,55566,2996],{"class":62},[48,55568,32933],{"class":66},[48,55570,3001],{"class":62},[48,55572,3339],{"class":84},[20,55574,55575],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[34,55577,340],{"id":339},[20,55579,343],{},[39,55581,55583],{"className":41,"code":55582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55584,55585],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55586,55587,55590,55592,55595,55597,55599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55588,55589],{"class":54},"new_list ",[48,55591,59],{"class":58},[48,55593,55594],{"class":54}," old_list",[48,55596,32],{"class":84},[48,55598,12625],{"class":87},[48,55600,8353],{"class":84},[20,55602,55603],{},"How it works:",[162,55605,55606,55612,55615],{},[165,55607,55608,55609,55611],{},"Call ",[15,55610,12490],{}," on an existing list",[165,55613,55614],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[165,55616,55617],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55619,55620],{},"Example with an empty list:",[39,55622,55624],{"className":41,"code":55623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55625,55626,55635,55651,55655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55627,55628,55631,55633],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55629,55630],{"class":54},"empty_list ",[48,55632,59],{"class":58},[48,55634,7549],{"class":84},[48,55636,55637,55640,55642,55645,55647,55649],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55638,55639],{"class":54},"new_empty_list ",[48,55641,59],{"class":58},[48,55643,55644],{"class":54}," empty_list",[48,55646,32],{"class":84},[48,55648,12625],{"class":87},[48,55650,8353],{"class":84},[48,55652,55653],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55654,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55656,55657,55659,55661,55664],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55658,109],{"class":108},[48,55660,91],{"class":84},[48,55662,55663],{"class":87},"new_empty_list",[48,55665,102],{"class":84},[20,55667,1037],{},[39,55669,55670],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,55671,55672],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55673,55674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55675,38006],{"class":84},[20,55677,55678],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[34,55680,55682,55683],{"id":55681},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55684,59],{},[20,55686,758,55687,13768,55689,52367],{},[15,55688,59],{},[565,55690,1055],{},[20,55692,55693],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[39,55695,55697],{"className":41,"code":55696,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55698,55699,55719,55728,55732,55747,55751,55761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55700,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713,55715,55717],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55702,3321],{"class":54},[48,55704,59],{"class":58},[48,55706,3326],{"class":84},[48,55708,272],{"class":488},[48,55710,365],{"class":84},[48,55712,489],{"class":488},[48,55714,365],{"class":84},[48,55716,2152],{"class":488},[48,55718,3339],{"class":84},[48,55720,55721,55724,55726],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55722,55723],{"class":54},"same_list ",[48,55725,59],{"class":58},[48,55727,43689],{"class":54},[48,55729,55730],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55731,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55733,55734,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55735,55736],{"class":54},"same_list",[48,55738,32],{"class":84},[48,55740,13267],{"class":87},[48,55742,91],{"class":84},[48,55744,907],{"class":488},[48,55746,102],{"class":84},[48,55748,55749],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,55750,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55752,55753,55755,55757,55759],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,55754,109],{"class":108},[48,55756,91],{"class":84},[48,55758,3353],{"class":87},[48,55760,102],{"class":84},[48,55762,55763,55765,55767,55769],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,55764,109],{"class":108},[48,55766,91],{"class":84},[48,55768,55736],{"class":87},[48,55770,102],{"class":84},[20,55772,1037],{},[39,55774,55776],{"className":41,"code":55775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55777,55778,55798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55779,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55781,3605],{"class":84},[48,55783,272],{"class":488},[48,55785,365],{"class":84},[48,55787,489],{"class":488},[48,55789,365],{"class":84},[48,55791,2152],{"class":488},[48,55793,365],{"class":84},[48,55795,878],{"class":488},[48,55797,3339],{"class":84},[48,55799,55800,55802,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55801,3605],{"class":84},[48,55803,272],{"class":488},[48,55805,365],{"class":84},[48,55807,489],{"class":488},[48,55809,365],{"class":84},[48,55811,2152],{"class":488},[48,55813,365],{"class":84},[48,55815,878],{"class":488},[48,55817,3339],{"class":84},[20,55819,55820],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55822,55823,55824,503],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55825,12490],{},[39,55827,55829],{"className":41,"code":55828,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55830,55831,55851,55866,55870,55885,55889,55899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55832,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55834,3321],{"class":54},[48,55836,59],{"class":58},[48,55838,3326],{"class":84},[48,55840,272],{"class":488},[48,55842,365],{"class":84},[48,55844,489],{"class":488},[48,55846,365],{"class":84},[48,55848,2152],{"class":488},[48,55850,3339],{"class":84},[48,55852,55853,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55854,55855],{"class":54},"copied_numbers ",[48,55857,59],{"class":58},[48,55859,3969],{"class":54},[48,55861,32],{"class":84},[48,55863,12625],{"class":87},[48,55865,8353],{"class":84},[48,55867,55868],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,55869,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55871,55872,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,55873,55874],{"class":54},"copied_numbers",[48,55876,32],{"class":84},[48,55878,13267],{"class":87},[48,55880,91],{"class":84},[48,55882,907],{"class":488},[48,55884,102],{"class":84},[48,55886,55887],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,55888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,55890,55891,55893,55895,55897],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,55892,109],{"class":108},[48,55894,91],{"class":84},[48,55896,3353],{"class":87},[48,55898,102],{"class":84},[48,55900,55901,55903,55905,55907],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,55902,109],{"class":108},[48,55904,91],{"class":84},[48,55906,55874],{"class":87},[48,55908,102],{"class":84},[20,55910,1037],{},[39,55912,55914],{"className":41,"code":55913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55915,55916,55932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55917,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55919,3605],{"class":84},[48,55921,272],{"class":488},[48,55923,365],{"class":84},[48,55925,489],{"class":488},[48,55927,365],{"class":84},[48,55929,2152],{"class":488},[48,55931,3339],{"class":84},[48,55933,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,55935,3605],{"class":84},[48,55937,272],{"class":488},[48,55939,365],{"class":84},[48,55941,489],{"class":488},[48,55943,365],{"class":84},[48,55945,2152],{"class":488},[48,55947,365],{"class":84},[48,55949,878],{"class":488},[48,55951,3339],{"class":84},[20,55953,55954,55955,32],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[224,55956,52471],{"href":50684},[34,55958,55960],{"id":55959},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55962,55963,12561,55965,32],{},[15,55964,55300],{},[565,55966,12564],{},[20,55968,570],{},[162,55970,55971,55974],{},[165,55972,55973],{},"The outer list is new",[165,55975,55976],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55978,55979],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[39,55981,55983],{"className":41,"code":55982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55984,55985,56012,56026,56030,56049,56053,56063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,55986,55987,55989,55991,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,55988,11799],{"class":54},[48,55990,59],{"class":58},[48,55992,55993],{"class":84}," [[",[48,55995,272],{"class":488},[48,55997,365],{"class":84},[48,55999,489],{"class":488},[48,56001,17780],{"class":84},[48,56003,3326],{"class":84},[48,56005,1764],{"class":488},[48,56007,365],{"class":84},[48,56009,878],{"class":488},[48,56011,52942],{"class":84},[48,56013,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56015,14026],{"class":54},[48,56017,59],{"class":58},[48,56019,11874],{"class":54},[48,56021,32],{"class":84},[48,56023,12625],{"class":87},[48,56025,8353],{"class":84},[48,56027,56028],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56029,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56031,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56047],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56033,14045],{"class":54},[48,56035,3605],{"class":84},[48,56037,578],{"class":488},[48,56039,13264],{"class":84},[48,56041,13267],{"class":87},[48,56043,91],{"class":84},[48,56045,56046],{"class":488},"99",[48,56048,102],{"class":84},[48,56050,56051],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,56052,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56054,56055,56057,56059,56061],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,56056,109],{"class":108},[48,56058,91],{"class":84},[48,56060,11846],{"class":87},[48,56062,102],{"class":84},[48,56064,56065,56067,56069,56071],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,56066,109],{"class":108},[48,56068,91],{"class":84},[48,56070,14045],{"class":87},[48,56072,102],{"class":84},[20,56074,1037],{},[39,56076,56078],{"className":41,"code":56077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56079,56080,56107],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56081,56082,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56083,56084],{"class":84},"[[",[48,56086,272],{"class":488},[48,56088,365],{"class":84},[48,56090,489],{"class":488},[48,56092,365],{"class":84},[48,56094,9909],{"class":488},[48,56096,17780],{"class":84},[48,56098,3326],{"class":84},[48,56100,1764],{"class":488},[48,56102,365],{"class":84},[48,56104,878],{"class":488},[48,56106,52942],{"class":84},[48,56108,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129,56131],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56110,56084],{"class":84},[48,56112,272],{"class":488},[48,56114,365],{"class":84},[48,56116,489],{"class":488},[48,56118,365],{"class":84},[48,56120,9909],{"class":488},[48,56122,17780],{"class":84},[48,56124,3326],{"class":84},[48,56126,1764],{"class":488},[48,56128,365],{"class":84},[48,56130,878],{"class":488},[48,56132,52942],{"class":84},[20,56134,56135],{},"Why did both change?",[162,56137,56138,56145],{},[165,56139,56140,500,56142,56144],{},[15,56141,11846],{},[15,56143,14045],{}," are different outer lists",[165,56146,56147,56148,56151],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56149,56150],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56153,53352,56154,56156],{},[15,56155,12490],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[162,56158,56159,56162,56165],{},[165,56160,56161],{},"Numbers",[165,56163,56164],{},"Strings",[165,56166,40305],{},[20,56168,56169,56170,32],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[224,56171,13505],{"href":13504},[34,56173,17136],{"id":17135},[20,56175,56176,56178],{},[15,56177,55300],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56180,40615,56181,56183],{},[565,56182,1055],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56185,56186],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56188,16372],{},[39,56190,56192],{"className":41,"code":56191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56193,56194,56218,56232,56236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56197,12789],{"class":54},[48,56199,59],{"class":58},[48,56201,3326],{"class":84},[48,56203,94],{"class":62},[48,56205,12806],{"class":66},[48,56207,94],{"class":62},[48,56209,365],{"class":84},[48,56211,63],{"class":62},[48,56213,12823],{"class":66},[48,56215,94],{"class":62},[48,56217,3339],{"class":84},[48,56219,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56221,12832],{"class":54},[48,56223,59],{"class":58},[48,56225,12837],{"class":54},[48,56227,32],{"class":84},[48,56229,12625],{"class":87},[48,56231,8353],{"class":84},[48,56233,56234],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56235,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56237,56238,56240,56242,56244],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56239,109],{"class":108},[48,56241,91],{"class":84},[48,56243,12856],{"class":87},[48,56245,102],{"class":84},[20,56247,56248],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[39,56250,56252],{"className":41,"code":56251,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56253,56254,56278,56288,56292],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56255,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56257,12789],{"class":54},[48,56259,59],{"class":58},[48,56261,3326],{"class":84},[48,56263,94],{"class":62},[48,56265,12806],{"class":66},[48,56267,94],{"class":62},[48,56269,365],{"class":84},[48,56271,63],{"class":62},[48,56273,12823],{"class":66},[48,56275,94],{"class":62},[48,56277,3339],{"class":84},[48,56279,56280,56282,56284,56286],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56281,17220],{"class":54},[48,56283,32],{"class":84},[48,56285,12625],{"class":87},[48,56287,8353],{"class":84},[48,56289,56290],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56291,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56293,56294,56296,56298,56300],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56295,109],{"class":108},[48,56297,91],{"class":84},[48,56299,17220],{"class":87},[48,56301,102],{"class":84},[20,56303,56304,56305,56307],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56306,12490],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[34,56309,4667,56311],{"id":56310},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56312,55300],{},[20,56314,139,56315,10313],{},[15,56316,55300],{},[162,56318,56319,56322,56325,56328],{},[165,56320,56321],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[165,56323,56324],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[165,56326,56327],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[165,56329,56330,56331],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56332,56333],{},"[:]",[20,56335,182],{},[39,56337,56339],{"className":41,"code":56338,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56340,56341,56361,56376,56380,56395,56399,56409],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56342,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56344,4770],{"class":54},[48,56346,59],{"class":58},[48,56348,3326],{"class":84},[48,56350,2031],{"class":488},[48,56352,365],{"class":84},[48,56354,7500],{"class":488},[48,56356,365],{"class":84},[48,56358,7505],{"class":488},[48,56360,3339],{"class":84},[48,56362,56363,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56364,56365],{"class":54},"backup_scores ",[48,56367,59],{"class":58},[48,56369,4817],{"class":54},[48,56371,32],{"class":84},[48,56373,12625],{"class":87},[48,56375,8353],{"class":84},[48,56377,56378],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56379,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56381,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390,56393],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56383,16105],{"class":54},[48,56385,32],{"class":84},[48,56387,13267],{"class":87},[48,56389,91],{"class":84},[48,56391,56392],{"class":488},"40",[48,56394,102],{"class":84},[48,56396,56397],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,56398,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56400,56401,56403,56405,56407],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,56402,109],{"class":108},[48,56404,91],{"class":84},[48,56406,16105],{"class":87},[48,56408,102],{"class":84},[48,56410,56411,56413,56415,56418],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,56412,109],{"class":108},[48,56414,91],{"class":84},[48,56416,56417],{"class":87},"backup_scores",[48,56419,102],{"class":84},[20,56421,1037],{},[39,56423,56425],{"className":41,"code":56424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56426,56427,56447],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56428,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56430,3605],{"class":84},[48,56432,2031],{"class":488},[48,56434,365],{"class":84},[48,56436,7500],{"class":488},[48,56438,365],{"class":84},[48,56440,7505],{"class":488},[48,56442,365],{"class":84},[48,56444,50549],{"class":488},[48,56446,3339],{"class":84},[48,56448,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56450,3605],{"class":84},[48,56452,2031],{"class":488},[48,56454,365],{"class":84},[48,56456,7500],{"class":488},[48,56458,365],{"class":84},[48,56460,7505],{"class":488},[48,56462,3339],{"class":84},[20,56464,56465,56466,32],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[224,56467,55219,56469,754],{"href":56468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56470,52353],{},[34,56472,4225],{"id":4224},[20,56474,56475,56476,32],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56477,55300],{},[1200,56479,758,56481,56483],{"id":56480},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56482,59],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56485,38908],{},[39,56487,56489],{"className":41,"code":56488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56490,56491,56511,56519,56533,56537],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56492,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56494,2253],{"class":54},[48,56496,59],{"class":58},[48,56498,3326],{"class":84},[48,56500,272],{"class":488},[48,56502,365],{"class":84},[48,56504,489],{"class":488},[48,56506,365],{"class":84},[48,56508,2152],{"class":488},[48,56510,3339],{"class":84},[48,56512,56513,56515,56517],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56514,2281],{"class":54},[48,56516,59],{"class":58},[48,56518,35885],{"class":54},[48,56520,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56531],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56522,4466],{"class":54},[48,56524,32],{"class":84},[48,56526,13267],{"class":87},[48,56528,91],{"class":84},[48,56530,907],{"class":488},[48,56532,102],{"class":84},[48,56534,56535],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56536,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56538,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,56540,109],{"class":108},[48,56542,91],{"class":84},[48,56544,224],{"class":87},[48,56546,3366],{"class":84},[48,56548,55400],{"class":129},[20,56550,56551,56552,1575],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56553,12490],{},[39,56555,56557],{"className":41,"code":56556,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56558,56559,56579,56594,56608,56612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56560,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56562,2253],{"class":54},[48,56564,59],{"class":58},[48,56566,3326],{"class":84},[48,56568,272],{"class":488},[48,56570,365],{"class":84},[48,56572,489],{"class":488},[48,56574,365],{"class":84},[48,56576,2152],{"class":488},[48,56578,3339],{"class":84},[48,56580,56581,56583,56585,56588,56590,56592],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56582,2281],{"class":54},[48,56584,59],{"class":58},[48,56586,56587],{"class":54}," a",[48,56589,32],{"class":84},[48,56591,12625],{"class":87},[48,56593,8353],{"class":84},[48,56595,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56597,4466],{"class":54},[48,56599,32],{"class":84},[48,56601,13267],{"class":87},[48,56603,91],{"class":84},[48,56605,907],{"class":488},[48,56607,102],{"class":84},[48,56609,56610],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56611,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56613,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,56615,109],{"class":108},[48,56617,91],{"class":84},[48,56619,224],{"class":87},[48,56621,3366],{"class":84},[48,56623,54631],{"class":129},[1200,56625,56627],{"id":56626},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[39,56629,56631],{"className":41,"code":56630,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56632,56633,56653],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56634,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56636,3321],{"class":54},[48,56638,59],{"class":58},[48,56640,3326],{"class":84},[48,56642,272],{"class":488},[48,56644,365],{"class":84},[48,56646,489],{"class":488},[48,56648,365],{"class":84},[48,56650,2152],{"class":488},[48,56652,3339],{"class":84},[48,56654,56655,56657,56659,56661],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56656,3353],{"class":54},[48,56658,32],{"class":84},[48,56660,12625],{"class":87},[48,56662,8353],{"class":84},[20,56664,56665],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56667,38971],{},[39,56669,56671],{"className":41,"code":56670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56672,56673,56693],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56674,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56676,3321],{"class":54},[48,56678,59],{"class":58},[48,56680,3326],{"class":84},[48,56682,272],{"class":488},[48,56684,365],{"class":84},[48,56686,489],{"class":488},[48,56688,365],{"class":84},[48,56690,2152],{"class":488},[48,56692,3339],{"class":84},[48,56694,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56696,55855],{"class":54},[48,56698,59],{"class":58},[48,56700,3969],{"class":54},[48,56702,32],{"class":84},[48,56704,12625],{"class":87},[48,56706,8353],{"class":84},[1200,56708,56710],{"id":56709},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[39,56712,56714],{"className":41,"code":56713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56715,56716,56734,56748,56752,56770,56774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56717,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56719,2253],{"class":54},[48,56721,59],{"class":58},[48,56723,55993],{"class":84},[48,56725,272],{"class":488},[48,56727,17780],{"class":84},[48,56729,3326],{"class":84},[48,56731,280],{"class":488},[48,56733,52942],{"class":84},[48,56735,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56737,2281],{"class":54},[48,56739,59],{"class":58},[48,56741,56587],{"class":54},[48,56743,32],{"class":84},[48,56745,12625],{"class":87},[48,56747,8353],{"class":84},[48,56749,56750],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,56751,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56753,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,56755,4466],{"class":54},[48,56757,3605],{"class":84},[48,56759,578],{"class":488},[48,56761,13264],{"class":84},[48,56763,13267],{"class":87},[48,56765,91],{"class":84},[48,56767,56046],{"class":488},[48,56769,102],{"class":84},[48,56771,56772],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,56773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,56775,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,56777,109],{"class":108},[48,56779,91],{"class":84},[48,56781,224],{"class":87},[48,56783,3366],{"class":84},[48,56785,56786],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56788,56789,56790,56792],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56791,55300],{}," is shallow.",[1200,56794,25333,56796,56798],{"id":56795},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56797,12490],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56800,56801,56803],{},[15,56802,12490],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[39,56805,56807],{"className":41,"code":56806,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56808,56809,56821],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56810,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56812,7587],{"class":54},[48,56814,59],{"class":58},[48,56816,63],{"class":62},[48,56818,4710],{"class":66},[48,56820,70],{"class":62},[48,56822,56823],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,56824,56825],{"class":129},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56827,56828],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[39,56830,56832],{"className":41,"code":56831,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56833,56834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,56835,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,56837,109],{"class":108},[48,56839,91],{"class":84},[48,56841,2921],{"class":1047},[48,56843,91],{"class":84},[48,56845,7377],{"class":87},[48,56847,1034],{"class":84},[20,56849,56850,56851,56855],{},"You can also review ",[224,56852,56854],{"href":56853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[34,56857,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,56859,12418,56861,56863],{"id":56860},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56862,55300],{}," change the original list?",[20,56865,56866],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1200,56868,1559,56870,500,56872,1564],{"id":56869},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56871,55300],{},[15,56873,59],{},[20,56875,56876,56878,56879,56881],{},[15,56877,12490],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56880,59],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1200,56883,14618,56885,14621],{"id":56884},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56886,55300],{},[20,56888,56889],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1200,56891,56893],{"id":56892},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56895,41859,56896,56899],{},[15,56897,56898],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1200,56901,14618,56903,56905,56906,1564],{"id":56902},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56904,55300],{}," the same as ",[15,56907,56333],{},[20,56909,56910],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[34,56912,1599],{"id":1598},[162,56914,56915,56920,56924,56929,56935],{},[165,56916,56917],{},[224,56918,14680],{"href":56919},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[165,56921,56922],{},[224,56923,52471],{"href":50684},[165,56925,56926],{},[224,56927,56928],{"href":56853},"Creating a list in Python",[165,56930,56931],{},[224,56932,55219,56933,754],{"href":56468},[15,56934,52353],{},[165,56936,56937],{},[224,56938,13505],{"href":13504},[1633,56940,56941],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":56943},[56944,56945,56947,56948,56950,56951,56952,56954,56962,56973],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":55410,"depth":73,"text":56946},"What list.copy() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":55681,"depth":73,"text":56949},"Why not use =",{"id":55959,"depth":73,"text":55960},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":56310,"depth":73,"text":56953},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":56955},[56956,56958,56959,56960],{"id":56480,"depth":105,"text":56957},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56626,"depth":105,"text":56627},{"id":56709,"depth":105,"text":56710},{"id":56795,"depth":105,"text":56961},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":56963},[56964,56966,56968,56970,56971],{"id":56860,"depth":105,"text":56965},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56869,"depth":105,"text":56967},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56884,"depth":105,"text":56969},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56892,"depth":105,"text":56893},{"id":56902,"depth":105,"text":56972},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55288,"description":56974},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56981,"title":56982,"body":56983,"description":58723,"extension":1666,"meta":58724,"navigation":122,"path":58725,"seo":58726,"stem":58727,"__hash__":58728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56984,"toc":58682},[56985,56991,56997,57000,57011,57014,57016,57079,57085,57090,57094,57108,57111,57116,57121,57123,57125,57144,57156,57158,57225,57227,57235,57240,57242,57250,57253,57270,57272,57396,57407,57411,57416,57419,57421,57439,57443,57529,57538,57546,57615,57617,57620,57632,57637,57641,57712,57715,57719,57723,57788,57790,57798,57802,57885,57887,57895,57899,57960,57962,57970,57974,58061,58063,58071,58076,58081,58084,58095,58097,58182,58187,58196,58198,58202,58206,58211,58273,58277,58285,58290,58299,58304,58353,58356,58377,58381,58443,58450,58455,58458,58545,58548,58559,58562,58582,58584,58590,58593,58597,58601,58607,58610,58616,58623,58631,58642,58644,58679],[10,56986,54041,56988,18],{"id":56987},"python-list-count-method",[15,56989,56990],{},"count()",[20,56992,56993,56996],{},[15,56994,56995],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56998,56999],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[162,57001,57002,57005,57008],{},[165,57003,57004],{},"count one specific item",[165,57006,57007],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[165,57009,57010],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57012,57013],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[34,57015,3311],{"id":3310},[39,57017,57019],{"className":41,"code":57018,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57020,57021,57049,57067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57022,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57024,3321],{"class":54},[48,57026,59],{"class":58},[48,57028,3326],{"class":84},[48,57030,272],{"class":488},[48,57032,365],{"class":84},[48,57034,489],{"class":488},[48,57036,365],{"class":84},[48,57038,489],{"class":488},[48,57040,365],{"class":84},[48,57042,2152],{"class":488},[48,57044,365],{"class":84},[48,57046,489],{"class":488},[48,57048,3339],{"class":84},[48,57050,57051,57053,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063,57065],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57052,1929],{"class":54},[48,57054,59],{"class":58},[48,57056,3969],{"class":54},[48,57058,32],{"class":84},[48,57060,40969],{"class":87},[48,57062,91],{"class":84},[48,57064,280],{"class":488},[48,57066,102],{"class":84},[48,57068,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57070,109],{"class":108},[48,57072,91],{"class":84},[48,57074,1964],{"class":87},[48,57076,3366],{"class":84},[48,57078,494],{"class":129},[20,57080,139,57081,57084],{},[15,57082,57083],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[34,57086,148,57088,152],{"id":57087},"what-listcount-does",[15,57089,56995],{},[20,57091,57092,503],{},[15,57093,56995],{},[162,57095,57096,57099,57102,57105],{},[165,57097,57098],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[165,57100,57101],{},"returns an integer",[165,57103,57104],{},"does not change the original list",[165,57106,57107],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57109,57110],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57112,57113,57114,32],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57115,1764],{},[20,57117,57118,57119,32],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57120,578],{},[34,57122,340],{"id":339},[20,57124,343],{},[39,57126,57128],{"className":41,"code":57127,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57129,57130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57131,57132,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57133,8050],{"class":54},[48,57135,32],{"class":84},[48,57137,40969],{"class":87},[48,57139,91],{"class":84},[48,57141,362],{"class":87},[48,57143,102],{"class":84},[162,57145,57146,57151],{},[165,57147,57148,57150],{},[15,57149,8050],{}," is the list you want to search",[165,57152,57153,57155],{},[15,57154,362],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57157,182],{},[39,57159,57161],{"className":41,"code":57160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57162,57163,57203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57164,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57166,35800],{"class":54},[48,57168,59],{"class":58},[48,57170,3326],{"class":84},[48,57172,94],{"class":62},[48,57174,224],{"class":66},[48,57176,94],{"class":62},[48,57178,365],{"class":84},[48,57180,63],{"class":62},[48,57182,4466],{"class":66},[48,57184,94],{"class":62},[48,57186,365],{"class":84},[48,57188,63],{"class":62},[48,57190,224],{"class":66},[48,57192,94],{"class":62},[48,57194,365],{"class":84},[48,57196,63],{"class":62},[48,57198,632],{"class":66},[48,57200,94],{"class":62},[48,57202,3339],{"class":84},[48,57204,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57206,109],{"class":108},[48,57208,91],{"class":84},[48,57210,35853],{"class":87},[48,57212,32],{"class":84},[48,57214,40969],{"class":87},[48,57216,91],{"class":84},[48,57218,94],{"class":62},[48,57220,224],{"class":66},[48,57222,94],{"class":62},[48,57224,1034],{"class":84},[20,57226,1037],{},[39,57228,57229],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,57230,57231],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57232,57233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57234,16773],{"class":488},[20,57236,57237,57238,32],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57239,578],{},[34,57241,557],{"id":556},[20,57243,57244,57245,57247,57248,32],{},"The return value from ",[15,57246,56990],{}," is always an ",[15,57249,1887],{},[20,57251,57252],{},"Possible results:",[162,57254,57255,57260,57265],{},[165,57256,57257,57259],{},[15,57258,578],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[165,57261,57262,57264],{},[15,57263,272],{}," if it appears once",[165,57266,57267,57269],{},[15,57268,280],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57271,182],{},[39,57273,57275],{"className":41,"code":57274,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57276,57277,57317,57321,57346,57371],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57278,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57280,12789],{"class":54},[48,57282,59],{"class":58},[48,57284,3326],{"class":84},[48,57286,94],{"class":62},[48,57288,12806],{"class":66},[48,57290,94],{"class":62},[48,57292,365],{"class":84},[48,57294,63],{"class":62},[48,57296,12823],{"class":66},[48,57298,94],{"class":62},[48,57300,365],{"class":84},[48,57302,63],{"class":62},[48,57304,17173],{"class":66},[48,57306,94],{"class":62},[48,57308,365],{"class":84},[48,57310,63],{"class":62},[48,57312,12823],{"class":66},[48,57314,94],{"class":62},[48,57316,3339],{"class":84},[48,57318,57319],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57320,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,57322,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57324,109],{"class":108},[48,57326,91],{"class":84},[48,57328,17220],{"class":87},[48,57330,32],{"class":84},[48,57332,40969],{"class":87},[48,57334,91],{"class":84},[48,57336,94],{"class":62},[48,57338,12823],{"class":66},[48,57340,94],{"class":62},[48,57342,229],{"class":84},[48,57344,57345],{"class":129},"   # 2\n",[48,57347,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,57349,109],{"class":108},[48,57351,91],{"class":84},[48,57353,17220],{"class":87},[48,57355,32],{"class":84},[48,57357,40969],{"class":87},[48,57359,91],{"class":84},[48,57361,94],{"class":62},[48,57363,12806],{"class":66},[48,57365,94],{"class":62},[48,57367,229],{"class":84},[48,57369,57370],{"class":129},"    # 1\n",[48,57372,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,57374,109],{"class":108},[48,57376,91],{"class":84},[48,57378,17220],{"class":87},[48,57380,32],{"class":84},[48,57382,40969],{"class":87},[48,57384,91],{"class":84},[48,57386,94],{"class":62},[48,57388,22239],{"class":66},[48,57390,94],{"class":62},[48,57392,229],{"class":84},[48,57394,57395],{"class":129}," # 0\n",[20,57397,57398,57399,57401,57402,57404,57405,32],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57400,56990],{}," works, but using ",[15,57403,3587],{}," is often simpler. See ",[224,57406,5906],{"href":5905},[34,57408,57410],{"id":57409},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57412,57413,57415],{},[15,57414,56995],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57417,57418],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57420,43357],{},[162,57422,57423,57426,57429,57436],{},[165,57424,57425],{},"matches are based on equality",[165,57427,57428],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[165,57430,57431,500,57433,57435],{},[15,57432,272],{},[15,57434,3306],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[165,57437,57438],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1200,57440,57442],{"id":57441},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[39,57444,57446],{"className":41,"code":57445,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57447,57448,57481,57505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57449,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57451,3776],{"class":54},[48,57453,59],{"class":58},[48,57455,3326],{"class":84},[48,57457,94],{"class":62},[48,57459,3785],{"class":66},[48,57461,94],{"class":62},[48,57463,365],{"class":84},[48,57465,63],{"class":62},[48,57467,57468],{"class":66},"Apple",[48,57470,94],{"class":62},[48,57472,365],{"class":84},[48,57474,63],{"class":62},[48,57476,3785],{"class":66},[48,57478,94],{"class":62},[48,57480,3339],{"class":84},[48,57482,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57484,109],{"class":108},[48,57486,91],{"class":84},[48,57488,3819],{"class":87},[48,57490,32],{"class":84},[48,57492,40969],{"class":87},[48,57494,91],{"class":84},[48,57496,94],{"class":62},[48,57498,3785],{"class":66},[48,57500,94],{"class":62},[48,57502,229],{"class":84},[48,57504,443],{"class":129},[48,57506,57507,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57508,109],{"class":108},[48,57510,91],{"class":84},[48,57512,3819],{"class":87},[48,57514,32],{"class":84},[48,57516,40969],{"class":87},[48,57518,91],{"class":84},[48,57520,94],{"class":62},[48,57522,57468],{"class":66},[48,57524,94],{"class":62},[48,57526,229],{"class":84},[48,57528,664],{"class":129},[20,57530,57531,500,57534,57537],{},[15,57532,57533],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57535,57536],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1200,57539,57541,500,57543,57545],{"id":57540},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57542,272],{},[15,57544,3306],{}," can match",[39,57547,57549],{"className":41,"code":57548,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57550,57551,57575,57595],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57552,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57554,3528],{"class":54},[48,57556,59],{"class":58},[48,57558,3326],{"class":84},[48,57560,272],{"class":488},[48,57562,365],{"class":84},[48,57564,3621],{"class":3556},[48,57566,365],{"class":84},[48,57568,489],{"class":488},[48,57570,365],{"class":84},[48,57572,5204],{"class":488},[48,57574,3339],{"class":84},[48,57576,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57578,109],{"class":108},[48,57580,91],{"class":84},[48,57582,5065],{"class":87},[48,57584,32],{"class":84},[48,57586,40969],{"class":87},[48,57588,91],{"class":84},[48,57590,272],{"class":488},[48,57592,229],{"class":84},[48,57594,50624],{"class":129},[48,57596,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57598,109],{"class":108},[48,57600,91],{"class":84},[48,57602,5065],{"class":87},[48,57604,32],{"class":84},[48,57606,40969],{"class":87},[48,57608,91],{"class":84},[48,57610,3306],{"class":3556},[48,57612,229],{"class":84},[48,57614,494],{"class":129},[20,57616,4116],{},[20,57618,57619],{},"In Python:",[162,57621,57622,57627],{},[165,57623,57624],{},[15,57625,57626],{},"True == 1",[165,57628,57629],{},[15,57630,57631],{},"False == 0",[20,57633,53352,57634,57636],{},[15,57635,56990],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1200,57638,57640],{"id":57639},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[39,57642,57644],{"className":41,"code":57643,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57645,57646,57688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57647,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57649,7489],{"class":54},[48,57651,59],{"class":58},[48,57653,55993],{"class":84},[48,57655,272],{"class":488},[48,57657,365],{"class":84},[48,57659,489],{"class":488},[48,57661,17780],{"class":84},[48,57663,3326],{"class":84},[48,57665,1764],{"class":488},[48,57667,365],{"class":84},[48,57669,878],{"class":488},[48,57671,17780],{"class":84},[48,57673,3326],{"class":84},[48,57675,272],{"class":488},[48,57677,365],{"class":84},[48,57679,489],{"class":488},[48,57681,17780],{"class":84},[48,57683,3326],{"class":84},[48,57685,272],{"class":488},[48,57687,52942],{"class":84},[48,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57691,109],{"class":108},[48,57693,91],{"class":84},[48,57695,7520],{"class":87},[48,57697,32],{"class":84},[48,57699,40969],{"class":87},[48,57701,2684],{"class":84},[48,57703,272],{"class":488},[48,57705,365],{"class":84},[48,57707,489],{"class":488},[48,57709,4440],{"class":84},[48,57711,443],{"class":129},[20,57713,57714],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[34,57716,57718],{"id":57717},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1200,57720,57722],{"id":57721},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[39,57724,57726],{"className":41,"code":57725,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57727,57728,57756,57774,57778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57731,3321],{"class":54},[48,57733,59],{"class":58},[48,57735,3326],{"class":84},[48,57737,2031],{"class":488},[48,57739,365],{"class":84},[48,57741,7500],{"class":488},[48,57743,365],{"class":84},[48,57745,5712],{"class":488},[48,57747,365],{"class":84},[48,57749,7505],{"class":488},[48,57751,365],{"class":84},[48,57753,5712],{"class":488},[48,57755,3339],{"class":84},[48,57757,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57759,1929],{"class":54},[48,57761,59],{"class":58},[48,57763,3969],{"class":54},[48,57765,32],{"class":84},[48,57767,40969],{"class":87},[48,57769,91],{"class":84},[48,57771,2031],{"class":488},[48,57773,102],{"class":84},[48,57775,57776],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57777,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,57779,57780,57782,57784,57786],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,57781,109],{"class":108},[48,57783,91],{"class":84},[48,57785,1964],{"class":87},[48,57787,102],{"class":84},[20,57789,1037],{},[39,57791,57792],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,57793,57794],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57795,57796],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57797,46323],{"class":488},[1200,57799,57801],{"id":57800},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[39,57803,57805],{"className":41,"code":57804,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57806,57807,57849,57871,57875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57808,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57845,57847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57810,3776],{"class":54},[48,57812,59],{"class":58},[48,57814,3326],{"class":84},[48,57816,94],{"class":62},[48,57818,607],{"class":66},[48,57820,94],{"class":62},[48,57822,365],{"class":84},[48,57824,63],{"class":62},[48,57826,57827],{"class":66},"dog",[48,57829,94],{"class":62},[48,57831,365],{"class":84},[48,57833,63],{"class":62},[48,57835,607],{"class":66},[48,57837,94],{"class":62},[48,57839,365],{"class":84},[48,57841,63],{"class":62},[48,57843,57844],{"class":66},"bird",[48,57846,94],{"class":62},[48,57848,3339],{"class":84},[48,57850,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867,57869],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57852,1929],{"class":54},[48,57854,59],{"class":58},[48,57856,5876],{"class":54},[48,57858,32],{"class":84},[48,57860,40969],{"class":87},[48,57862,91],{"class":84},[48,57864,94],{"class":62},[48,57866,607],{"class":66},[48,57868,94],{"class":62},[48,57870,102],{"class":84},[48,57872,57873],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57874,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,57876,57877,57879,57881,57883],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,57878,109],{"class":108},[48,57880,91],{"class":84},[48,57882,1964],{"class":87},[48,57884,102],{"class":84},[20,57886,1037],{},[39,57888,57889],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,57890,57891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57892,57893],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57894,16773],{"class":488},[1200,57896,57898],{"id":57897},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[39,57900,57902],{"className":41,"code":57901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57903,57904,57928,57946,57950],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57905,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57907,3321],{"class":54},[48,57909,59],{"class":58},[48,57911,3326],{"class":84},[48,57913,272],{"class":488},[48,57915,365],{"class":84},[48,57917,489],{"class":488},[48,57919,365],{"class":84},[48,57921,2152],{"class":488},[48,57923,365],{"class":84},[48,57925,878],{"class":488},[48,57927,3339],{"class":84},[48,57929,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,57931,1929],{"class":54},[48,57933,59],{"class":58},[48,57935,3969],{"class":54},[48,57937,32],{"class":84},[48,57939,40969],{"class":87},[48,57941,91],{"class":84},[48,57943,1837],{"class":488},[48,57945,102],{"class":84},[48,57947,57948],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,57949,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,57951,57952,57954,57956,57958],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,57953,109],{"class":108},[48,57955,91],{"class":84},[48,57957,1964],{"class":87},[48,57959,102],{"class":84},[20,57961,1037],{},[39,57963,57964],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,57965,57966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57967,57968],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57969,46958],{"class":488},[1200,57971,57973],{"id":57972},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[39,57975,57977],{"className":41,"code":57976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57978,57979,58025,58047,58051],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,57980,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,57982,8877],{"class":54},[48,57984,59],{"class":58},[48,57986,55993],{"class":84},[48,57988,272],{"class":488},[48,57990,365],{"class":84},[48,57992,489],{"class":488},[48,57994,17780],{"class":84},[48,57996,3326],{"class":84},[48,57998,272],{"class":488},[48,58000,365],{"class":84},[48,58002,489],{"class":488},[48,58004,17780],{"class":84},[48,58006,3326],{"class":84},[48,58008,280],{"class":488},[48,58010,365],{"class":84},[48,58012,2152],{"class":488},[48,58014,17780],{"class":84},[48,58016,3326],{"class":84},[48,58018,272],{"class":488},[48,58020,365],{"class":84},[48,58022,489],{"class":488},[48,58024,52942],{"class":84},[48,58026,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58028,1929],{"class":54},[48,58030,59],{"class":58},[48,58032,14281],{"class":54},[48,58034,32],{"class":84},[48,58036,40969],{"class":87},[48,58038,2684],{"class":84},[48,58040,272],{"class":488},[48,58042,365],{"class":84},[48,58044,489],{"class":488},[48,58046,3593],{"class":84},[48,58048,58049],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,58050,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,58052,58053,58055,58057,58059],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,58054,109],{"class":108},[48,58056,91],{"class":84},[48,58058,1964],{"class":87},[48,58060,102],{"class":84},[20,58062,1037],{},[39,58064,58065],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,58066,58067],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58068,58069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58070,46323],{"class":488},[34,58072,4667,58074],{"id":58073},"when-to-use-count",[15,58075,56990],{},[20,58077,139,58078,58080],{},[15,58079,56990],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58082,58083],{},"Good use cases:",[162,58085,58086,58089,58092],{},[165,58087,58088],{},"counting one specific item",[165,58090,58091],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[165,58093,58094],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58096,182],{},[39,58098,58100],{"className":41,"code":58099,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58101,58102,58143,58167,58171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58103,58104,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58105,58106],{"class":54},"votes ",[48,58108,59],{"class":58},[48,58110,3326],{"class":84},[48,58112,94],{"class":62},[48,58114,8368],{"class":66},[48,58116,94],{"class":62},[48,58118,365],{"class":84},[48,58120,63],{"class":62},[48,58122,8307],{"class":66},[48,58124,94],{"class":62},[48,58126,365],{"class":84},[48,58128,63],{"class":62},[48,58130,8368],{"class":66},[48,58132,94],{"class":62},[48,58134,365],{"class":84},[48,58136,63],{"class":62},[48,58138,8368],{"class":66},[48,58140,94],{"class":62},[48,58142,3339],{"class":84},[48,58144,58145,58148,58150,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58146,58147],{"class":54},"yes_votes ",[48,58149,59],{"class":58},[48,58151,58152],{"class":54}," votes",[48,58154,32],{"class":84},[48,58156,40969],{"class":87},[48,58158,91],{"class":84},[48,58160,94],{"class":62},[48,58162,8368],{"class":66},[48,58164,94],{"class":62},[48,58166,102],{"class":84},[48,58168,58169],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,58170,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,58172,58173,58175,58177,58180],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,58174,109],{"class":108},[48,58176,91],{"class":84},[48,58178,58179],{"class":87},"yes_votes",[48,58181,102],{"class":84},[20,58183,58184,58186],{},[15,58185,56990],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58188,58189,58190,500,58192,32],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[224,58191,52471],{"href":50684},[224,58193,58195],{"href":58194},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[34,58197,1366],{"id":1365},[20,58199,8158,58200,32],{},[15,58201,56995],{},[1200,58203,58205],{"id":58204},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58207,58208,58210],{},[15,58209,56995],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[39,58212,58214],{"className":41,"code":58213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58215,58216,58249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58217,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58219,3776],{"class":54},[48,58221,59],{"class":58},[48,58223,3326],{"class":84},[48,58225,94],{"class":62},[48,58227,58228],{"class":66},"apple pie",[48,58230,94],{"class":62},[48,58232,365],{"class":84},[48,58234,63],{"class":62},[48,58236,198],{"class":66},[48,58238,94],{"class":62},[48,58240,365],{"class":84},[48,58242,63],{"class":62},[48,58244,58228],{"class":66},[48,58246,94],{"class":62},[48,58248,3339],{"class":84},[48,58250,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58252,109],{"class":108},[48,58254,91],{"class":84},[48,58256,3819],{"class":87},[48,58258,32],{"class":84},[48,58260,40969],{"class":87},[48,58262,91],{"class":84},[48,58264,94],{"class":62},[48,58266,3785],{"class":66},[48,58268,94],{"class":62},[48,58270,229],{"class":84},[48,58272,639],{"class":129},[20,58274,2188,58275,1564],{},[15,58276,578],{},[20,58278,28776,58279,58281,58282,32],{},[15,58280,57533],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58283,58284],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58286,58287,58288,32],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58289,753],{},[1200,58291,1379,58293,1382,58295,1358,58297],{"id":58292},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58294,56990],{},[15,58296,3306],{},[15,58298,3379],{},[20,58300,58301,58303],{},[15,58302,56990],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[39,58305,58307],{"className":41,"code":58306,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58308,58309,58333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58310,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58312,3321],{"class":54},[48,58314,59],{"class":58},[48,58316,3326],{"class":84},[48,58318,272],{"class":488},[48,58320,365],{"class":84},[48,58322,489],{"class":488},[48,58324,365],{"class":84},[48,58326,489],{"class":488},[48,58328,365],{"class":84},[48,58330,2152],{"class":488},[48,58332,3339],{"class":84},[48,58334,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58336,109],{"class":108},[48,58338,91],{"class":84},[48,58340,3353],{"class":87},[48,58342,32],{"class":84},[48,58344,40969],{"class":87},[48,58346,91],{"class":84},[48,58348,280],{"class":488},[48,58350,229],{"class":84},[48,58352,443],{"class":129},[20,58354,58355],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[39,58357,58359],{"className":41,"code":58358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58360,58361],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58362,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58364,109],{"class":108},[48,58366,91],{"class":84},[48,58368,280],{"class":488},[48,58370,20889],{"class":1107},[48,58372,3969],{"class":87},[48,58374,3366],{"class":84},[48,58376,3369],{"class":129},[1200,58378,58380],{"id":58379},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[39,58382,58384],{"className":41,"code":58383,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58385,58386,58419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58387,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412,58415,58417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58389,4701],{"class":54},[48,58391,59],{"class":58},[48,58393,3326],{"class":84},[48,58395,94],{"class":62},[48,58397,7386],{"class":66},[48,58399,94],{"class":62},[48,58401,365],{"class":84},[48,58403,63],{"class":62},[48,58405,19935],{"class":66},[48,58407,94],{"class":62},[48,58409,365],{"class":84},[48,58411,63],{"class":62},[48,58413,58414],{"class":66},"SAM",[48,58416,94],{"class":62},[48,58418,3339],{"class":84},[48,58420,58421,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58422,109],{"class":108},[48,58424,91],{"class":84},[48,58426,4745],{"class":87},[48,58428,32],{"class":84},[48,58430,40969],{"class":87},[48,58432,91],{"class":84},[48,58434,94],{"class":62},[48,58436,19935],{"class":66},[48,58438,94],{"class":62},[48,58440,229],{"class":84},[48,58442,664],{"class":129},[20,58444,58445,58446,58449],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58447,58448],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1200,58451,29365,58453,33261],{"id":58452},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58454,56990],{},[20,58456,58457],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[39,58459,58461],{"className":41,"code":58460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58462,58463,58473,58487,58505,58519,58531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58464,58465,58467,58469,58471],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58466,109],{"class":108},[48,58468,91],{"class":84},[48,58470,8050],{"class":87},[48,58472,102],{"class":84},[48,58474,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58476,109],{"class":108},[48,58478,91],{"class":84},[48,58480,2921],{"class":1047},[48,58482,91],{"class":84},[48,58484,8050],{"class":87},[48,58486,1034],{"class":84},[48,58488,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,58490,109],{"class":108},[48,58492,91],{"class":84},[48,58494,8050],{"class":87},[48,58496,32],{"class":84},[48,58498,40969],{"class":87},[48,58500,91],{"class":84},[48,58502,362],{"class":87},[48,58504,1034],{"class":84},[48,58506,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,58508,109],{"class":108},[48,58510,91],{"class":84},[48,58512,2147],{"class":87},[48,58514,3587],{"class":1107},[48,58516,8107],{"class":87},[48,58518,102],{"class":84},[48,58520,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,58522,5665],{"class":1107},[48,58524,5668],{"class":54},[48,58526,3587],{"class":1107},[48,58528,8107],{"class":54},[48,58530,1110],{"class":84},[48,58532,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,58534,1138],{"class":108},[48,58536,91],{"class":84},[48,58538,1428],{"class":108},[48,58540,91],{"class":84},[48,58542,23026],{"class":87},[48,58544,1034],{"class":84},[20,58546,58547],{},"These checks can help you see:",[162,58549,58550,58553,58556],{},[165,58551,58552],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[165,58554,58555],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[165,58557,58558],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58560,58561],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[162,58563,58564,58569,58572,58579],{},[165,58565,50199,58566,58568],{},[15,58567,56990],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[165,58570,58571],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[165,58573,10819,58574,58576,58577],{},[15,58575,56995],{}," with string ",[15,58578,56990],{},[165,58580,58581],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[34,58583,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,58585,12418,58587,58589],{"id":58586},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58588,56995],{}," change the list?",[20,58591,58592],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1200,58594,58596],{"id":58595},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58598,11624,58599,32],{},[15,58600,578],{},[1200,58602,1579,58604,58606],{"id":58603},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58605,56995],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58608,58609],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1200,58611,14618,58613,58615],{"id":58612},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58614,56995],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58617,41859,58618,500,58620,58622],{},[15,58619,57536],{},[15,58621,57533],{}," are different values.",[1200,58624,4865,58626,58628,58629,1564],{"id":58625},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58627,3306],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58630,272],{},[20,58632,8496,58633,58635,58636,500,58638,58635,58640,32],{},[15,58634,3306],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58637,272],{},[15,58639,3379],{},[15,58641,578],{},[34,58643,1599],{"id":1598},[162,58645,58646,58650,58656,58660,58667,58674],{},[165,58647,58648],{},[224,58649,52471],{"href":50684},[165,58651,58652],{},[224,58653,58655],{"href":58654},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[165,58657,58658],{},[224,58659,6643],{"href":5905},[165,58661,58662],{},[224,58663,55219,58665,754],{"href":58664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58666,17],{},[165,58668,58669],{},[224,58670,3277,58672],{"href":58671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58673,42068],{},[165,58675,58676],{},[224,58677,58678],{"href":58194},"What is a list in Python",[1633,58680,58681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":58683},[58684,58685,58687,58688,58689,58695,58701,58703,58711,58722],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":57087,"depth":73,"text":58686},"What list.count() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557},{"id":57409,"depth":73,"text":57410,"children":58690},[58691,58692,58694],{"id":57441,"depth":105,"text":57442},{"id":57540,"depth":105,"text":58693},"1 and True can match",{"id":57639,"depth":105,"text":57640},{"id":57717,"depth":73,"text":57718,"children":58696},[58697,58698,58699,58700],{"id":57721,"depth":105,"text":57722},{"id":57800,"depth":105,"text":57801},{"id":57897,"depth":105,"text":57898},{"id":57972,"depth":105,"text":57973},{"id":58073,"depth":73,"text":58702},"When to use count()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":58704},[58705,58706,58708,58709],{"id":58204,"depth":105,"text":58205},{"id":58292,"depth":105,"text":58707},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58379,"depth":105,"text":58380},{"id":58452,"depth":105,"text":58710},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":58712},[58713,58715,58716,58718,58720],{"id":58586,"depth":105,"text":58714},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58595,"depth":105,"text":58596},{"id":58603,"depth":105,"text":58717},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58612,"depth":105,"text":58719},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58625,"depth":105,"text":58721},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56982,"description":58723},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58730,"title":58731,"body":58732,"description":60692,"extension":1666,"meta":60693,"navigation":122,"path":60694,"seo":60695,"stem":60696,"__hash__":60697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58733,"toc":60655},[58734,58737,58740,58742,58870,58874,58955,58966,58968,58987,58991,58994,58997,59015,59017,59060,59064,59089,59098,59102,59107,59110,59227,59231,59300,59304,59316,59320,59323,59364,59368,59381,59384,59469,59473,59506,59513,59519,59524,59526,59538,59542,59575,59579,59611,59615,59652,59656,59676,59680,59714,59718,59747,59758,59762,59765,59768,59781,59838,59842,59881,59887,59890,59892,59895,59899,59902,59927,59929,59954,59961,59964,60009,60013,60032,60035,60074,60081,60086,60119,60123,60223,60230,60263,60267,60292,60296,60299,60337,60340,60377,60381,60384,60403,60407,60468,60470,60488,60492,60495,60498,60527,60529,60533,60536,60544,60548,60551,60571,60577,60583,60587,60590,60597,60605,60607,60646,60652],[10,58735,58731],{"id":58736},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58738,58739],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[34,58741,3311],{"id":3310},[39,58743,58745],{"className":41,"code":58744,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58746,58747,58767,58799,58807,58825,58829,58839,58849,58860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58748,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58750,3321],{"class":54},[48,58752,59],{"class":58},[48,58754,3326],{"class":84},[48,58756,272],{"class":488},[48,58758,365],{"class":84},[48,58760,489],{"class":488},[48,58762,365],{"class":84},[48,58764,2152],{"class":488},[48,58766,3339],{"class":84},[48,58768,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58770,4701],{"class":54},[48,58772,59],{"class":58},[48,58774,3326],{"class":84},[48,58776,94],{"class":62},[48,58778,12594],{"class":66},[48,58780,94],{"class":62},[48,58782,365],{"class":84},[48,58784,63],{"class":62},[48,58786,35652],{"class":66},[48,58788,94],{"class":62},[48,58790,365],{"class":84},[48,58792,63],{"class":62},[48,58794,35661],{"class":66},[48,58796,94],{"class":62},[48,58798,3339],{"class":84},[48,58800,58801,58803,58805],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,58802,55630],{"class":54},[48,58804,59],{"class":58},[48,58806,7549],{"class":84},[48,58808,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,58810,35800],{"class":54},[48,58812,59],{"class":58},[48,58814,22275],{"class":1047},[48,58816,91],{"class":84},[48,58818,94],{"class":62},[48,58820,41270],{"class":66},[48,58822,94],{"class":62},[48,58824,102],{"class":84},[48,58826,58827],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,58828,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,58830,58831,58833,58835,58837],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,58832,109],{"class":108},[48,58834,91],{"class":84},[48,58836,3353],{"class":87},[48,58838,102],{"class":84},[48,58840,58841,58843,58845,58847],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,58842,109],{"class":108},[48,58844,91],{"class":84},[48,58846,4745],{"class":87},[48,58848,102],{"class":84},[48,58850,58851,58853,58855,58858],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,58852,109],{"class":108},[48,58854,91],{"class":84},[48,58856,58857],{"class":87},"empty_list",[48,58859,102],{"class":84},[48,58861,58862,58864,58866,58868],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,58863,109],{"class":108},[48,58865,91],{"class":84},[48,58867,35853],{"class":87},[48,58869,102],{"class":84},[20,58871,58872],{},[565,58873,1037],{},[39,58875,58877],{"className":41,"code":58876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58878,58879,58895,58923,58927],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,58880,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,58882,3605],{"class":84},[48,58884,272],{"class":488},[48,58886,365],{"class":84},[48,58888,489],{"class":488},[48,58890,365],{"class":84},[48,58892,2152],{"class":488},[48,58894,3339],{"class":84},[48,58896,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,58898,3605],{"class":84},[48,58900,3001],{"class":62},[48,58902,12594],{"class":66},[48,58904,3001],{"class":62},[48,58906,365],{"class":84},[48,58908,2996],{"class":62},[48,58910,35652],{"class":66},[48,58912,3001],{"class":62},[48,58914,365],{"class":84},[48,58916,2996],{"class":62},[48,58918,35661],{"class":66},[48,58920,3001],{"class":62},[48,58922,3339],{"class":84},[48,58924,58925],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,58926,38006],{"class":84},[48,58928,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,58930,3605],{"class":84},[48,58932,3001],{"class":62},[48,58934,224],{"class":66},[48,58936,3001],{"class":62},[48,58938,365],{"class":84},[48,58940,2996],{"class":62},[48,58942,4466],{"class":66},[48,58944,3001],{"class":62},[48,58946,365],{"class":84},[48,58948,2996],{"class":62},[48,58950,632],{"class":66},[48,58952,3001],{"class":62},[48,58954,3339],{"class":84},[20,58956,58957,58958,58960,58961,58963,58964,32],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58959,3492],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58962,24497],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58965,35908],{},[34,58967,14878],{"id":14877},[162,58969,58970,58973,58976,58979,58984],{},[165,58971,58972],{},"What a list is in Python",[165,58974,58975],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[165,58977,58978],{},"How to create an empty list",[165,58980,58981,58982,2003],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58983,24497],{},[165,58985,58986],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[34,58988,58990],{"id":58989},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58992,58993],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58995,58996],{},"This means:",[162,58998,58999,59002,59005,59008],{},[165,59000,59001],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[165,59003,59004],{},"The order of items is kept",[165,59006,59007],{},"A list can hold different data types",[165,59009,59010,59011,59014],{},"A list is ",[565,59012,59013],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59016,182],{},[39,59018,59020],{"className":41,"code":59019,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59021,59022,59046,59050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59023,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034,59036,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59025,7489],{"class":54},[48,59027,59],{"class":58},[48,59029,3326],{"class":84},[48,59031,94],{"class":62},[48,59033,3785],{"class":66},[48,59035,94],{"class":62},[48,59037,365],{"class":84},[48,59039,5712],{"class":488},[48,59041,365],{"class":84},[48,59043,3621],{"class":3556},[48,59045,3339],{"class":84},[48,59047,59048],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59049,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59051,59052,59054,59056,59058],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59053,109],{"class":108},[48,59055,91],{"class":84},[48,59057,7520],{"class":87},[48,59059,102],{"class":84},[20,59061,59062],{},[565,59063,1037],{},[39,59065,59067],{"className":41,"code":59066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59068,59069],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59070,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59072,3605],{"class":84},[48,59074,3001],{"class":62},[48,59076,3785],{"class":66},[48,59078,3001],{"class":62},[48,59080,365],{"class":84},[48,59082,5712],{"class":488},[48,59084,365],{"class":84},[48,59086,3621],{"class":3556},[48,59088,3339],{"class":84},[20,59090,59091,59092,1358,59095,32],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[224,59093,59094],{"href":50684},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[224,59096,59097],{"href":58194},"What is a List in Python?",[34,59099,59101],{"id":59100},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59103,58957,59104,59106],{},[15,59105,3492],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59108,59109],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[39,59111,59113],{"className":41,"code":59112,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59114,59115,59135,59167,59192,59196,59206,59216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59116,59117,59119,59121,59123,59125,59127,59129,59131,59133],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59118,3321],{"class":54},[48,59120,59],{"class":58},[48,59122,3326],{"class":84},[48,59124,272],{"class":488},[48,59126,365],{"class":84},[48,59128,489],{"class":488},[48,59130,365],{"class":84},[48,59132,2152],{"class":488},[48,59134,3339],{"class":84},[48,59136,59137,59139,59141,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59138,4701],{"class":54},[48,59140,59],{"class":58},[48,59142,3326],{"class":84},[48,59144,94],{"class":62},[48,59146,12594],{"class":66},[48,59148,94],{"class":62},[48,59150,365],{"class":84},[48,59152,63],{"class":62},[48,59154,35652],{"class":66},[48,59156,94],{"class":62},[48,59158,365],{"class":84},[48,59160,63],{"class":62},[48,59162,35661],{"class":66},[48,59164,94],{"class":62},[48,59166,3339],{"class":84},[48,59168,59169,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59170,59171],{"class":54},"mixed ",[48,59173,59],{"class":58},[48,59175,3326],{"class":84},[48,59177,2031],{"class":488},[48,59179,365],{"class":84},[48,59181,63],{"class":62},[48,59183,1008],{"class":66},[48,59185,94],{"class":62},[48,59187,365],{"class":84},[48,59189,3612],{"class":3556},[48,59191,3339],{"class":84},[48,59193,59194],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,59195,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59197,59198,59200,59202,59204],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,59199,109],{"class":108},[48,59201,91],{"class":84},[48,59203,3353],{"class":87},[48,59205,102],{"class":84},[48,59207,59208,59210,59212,59214],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,59209,109],{"class":108},[48,59211,91],{"class":84},[48,59213,4745],{"class":87},[48,59215,102],{"class":84},[48,59217,59218,59220,59222,59225],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,59219,109],{"class":108},[48,59221,91],{"class":84},[48,59223,59224],{"class":87},"mixed",[48,59226,102],{"class":84},[20,59228,59229],{},[565,59230,1037],{},[39,59232,59234],{"className":41,"code":59233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59235,59236,59252,59280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59237,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59239,3605],{"class":84},[48,59241,272],{"class":488},[48,59243,365],{"class":84},[48,59245,489],{"class":488},[48,59247,365],{"class":84},[48,59249,2152],{"class":488},[48,59251,3339],{"class":84},[48,59253,59254,59256,59258,59260,59262,59264,59266,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59255,3605],{"class":84},[48,59257,3001],{"class":62},[48,59259,12594],{"class":66},[48,59261,3001],{"class":62},[48,59263,365],{"class":84},[48,59265,2996],{"class":62},[48,59267,35652],{"class":66},[48,59269,3001],{"class":62},[48,59271,365],{"class":84},[48,59273,2996],{"class":62},[48,59275,35661],{"class":66},[48,59277,3001],{"class":62},[48,59279,3339],{"class":84},[48,59281,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59283,3605],{"class":84},[48,59285,2031],{"class":488},[48,59287,365],{"class":84},[48,59289,2996],{"class":62},[48,59291,1008],{"class":66},[48,59293,3001],{"class":62},[48,59295,365],{"class":84},[48,59297,3612],{"class":3556},[48,59299,3339],{"class":84},[1200,59301,59303],{"id":59302},"key-points","Key points",[162,59305,59306,59311,59313],{},[165,59307,139,59308,59310],{},[15,59309,3492],{}," to make a new list",[165,59312,15148],{},[165,59314,59315],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[34,59317,59319],{"id":59318},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59321,59322],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[39,59324,59326],{"className":41,"code":59325,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59327,59328,59336,59340,59350],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59329,59330,59332,59334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59331,8019],{"class":54},[48,59333,59],{"class":58},[48,59335,7549],{"class":84},[48,59337,59338],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59339,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59343,109],{"class":108},[48,59345,91],{"class":84},[48,59347,8050],{"class":87},[48,59349,102],{"class":84},[48,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,59353,109],{"class":108},[48,59355,91],{"class":84},[48,59357,10874],{"class":108},[48,59359,91],{"class":84},[48,59361,8050],{"class":87},[48,59363,1034],{"class":84},[20,59365,59366],{},[565,59367,1037],{},[39,59369,59371],{"className":41,"code":59370,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[]\n0\n",[15,59372,59373,59377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59374,59375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59376,38006],{"class":84},[48,59378,59379],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59380,46958],{"class":488},[20,59382,59383],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[39,59385,59387],{"className":41,"code":59386,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59388,59389,59397,59401,59419,59437,59455,59459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59390,59391,59393,59395],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59392,4701],{"class":54},[48,59394,59],{"class":58},[48,59396,7549],{"class":84},[48,59398,59399],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59402,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59404,4745],{"class":54},[48,59406,32],{"class":84},[48,59408,13267],{"class":87},[48,59410,91],{"class":84},[48,59412,94],{"class":62},[48,59414,12594],{"class":66},[48,59416,94],{"class":62},[48,59418,102],{"class":84},[48,59420,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,59422,4745],{"class":54},[48,59424,32],{"class":84},[48,59426,13267],{"class":87},[48,59428,91],{"class":84},[48,59430,94],{"class":62},[48,59432,35652],{"class":66},[48,59434,94],{"class":62},[48,59436,102],{"class":84},[48,59438,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,59440,4745],{"class":54},[48,59442,32],{"class":84},[48,59444,13267],{"class":87},[48,59446,91],{"class":84},[48,59448,94],{"class":62},[48,59450,35661],{"class":66},[48,59452,94],{"class":62},[48,59454,102],{"class":84},[48,59456,59457],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,59458,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59460,59461,59463,59465,59467],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,59462,109],{"class":108},[48,59464,91],{"class":84},[48,59466,4745],{"class":87},[48,59468,102],{"class":84},[20,59470,59471],{},[565,59472,1037],{},[39,59474,59476],{"className":41,"code":59475,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59477,59478],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59479,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498,59500,59502,59504],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59481,3605],{"class":84},[48,59483,3001],{"class":62},[48,59485,12594],{"class":66},[48,59487,3001],{"class":62},[48,59489,365],{"class":84},[48,59491,2996],{"class":62},[48,59493,35652],{"class":66},[48,59495,3001],{"class":62},[48,59497,365],{"class":84},[48,59499,2996],{"class":62},[48,59501,35661],{"class":66},[48,59503,3001],{"class":62},[48,59505,3339],{"class":84},[20,59507,59508,59509,32],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[224,59510,59511,754],{"href":56468},[15,59512,52353],{},[34,59514,59516,59517],{"id":59515},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59518,24497],{},[20,59520,139,59521,59523],{},[15,59522,24497],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59525,5163],{},[162,59527,59528,59530,59532,59534],{},[165,59529,5015],{},[165,59531,5009],{},[165,59533,5012],{},[165,59535,59536],{},[15,59537,35908],{},[1200,59539,59541],{"id":59540},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[39,59543,59545],{"className":41,"code":59544,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59546,59547,59565],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59548,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59550,35800],{"class":54},[48,59552,59],{"class":58},[48,59554,22275],{"class":1047},[48,59556,91],{"class":84},[48,59558,94],{"class":62},[48,59560,41270],{"class":66},[48,59562,94],{"class":62},[48,59564,102],{"class":84},[48,59566,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59568,109],{"class":108},[48,59570,91],{"class":84},[48,59572,35853],{"class":87},[48,59574,102],{"class":84},[20,59576,59577],{},[565,59578,1037],{},[39,59580,59581],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,59582,59583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59584,59585,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605,59607,59609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59586,3605],{"class":84},[48,59588,3001],{"class":62},[48,59590,224],{"class":66},[48,59592,3001],{"class":62},[48,59594,365],{"class":84},[48,59596,2996],{"class":62},[48,59598,4466],{"class":66},[48,59600,3001],{"class":62},[48,59602,365],{"class":84},[48,59604,2996],{"class":62},[48,59606,632],{"class":66},[48,59608,3001],{"class":62},[48,59610,3339],{"class":84},[1200,59612,59614],{"id":59613},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[39,59616,59618],{"className":41,"code":59617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59619,59620,59642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59621,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59623,3321],{"class":54},[48,59625,59],{"class":58},[48,59627,22275],{"class":1047},[48,59629,5217],{"class":84},[48,59631,272],{"class":488},[48,59633,365],{"class":84},[48,59635,489],{"class":488},[48,59637,365],{"class":84},[48,59639,2152],{"class":488},[48,59641,1034],{"class":84},[48,59643,59644,59646,59648,59650],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59645,109],{"class":108},[48,59647,91],{"class":84},[48,59649,3353],{"class":87},[48,59651,102],{"class":84},[20,59653,59654],{},[565,59655,1037],{},[39,59657,59658],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,59659,59660],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59661,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59663,3605],{"class":84},[48,59665,272],{"class":488},[48,59667,365],{"class":84},[48,59669,489],{"class":488},[48,59671,365],{"class":84},[48,59673,2152],{"class":488},[48,59675,3339],{"class":84},[1200,59677,59679],{"id":59678},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[39,59681,59683],{"className":41,"code":59682,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59684,59685,59704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59686,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59698,59700,59702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59688,3528],{"class":54},[48,59690,59],{"class":58},[48,59692,22275],{"class":1047},[48,59694,91],{"class":84},[48,59696,59697],{"class":108},"range",[48,59699,91],{"class":84},[48,59701,1837],{"class":488},[48,59703,1034],{"class":84},[48,59705,59706,59708,59710,59712],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59707,109],{"class":108},[48,59709,91],{"class":84},[48,59711,5065],{"class":87},[48,59713,102],{"class":84},[20,59715,59716],{},[565,59717,1037],{},[39,59719,59721],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59722,59723],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59724,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59726,3605],{"class":84},[48,59728,578],{"class":488},[48,59730,365],{"class":84},[48,59732,5204],{"class":488},[48,59734,365],{"class":84},[48,59736,489],{"class":488},[48,59738,365],{"class":84},[48,59740,2152],{"class":488},[48,59742,365],{"class":84},[48,59744,878],{"class":488},[48,59746,3339],{"class":84},[20,59748,59749,59751,59752,32],{},[15,59750,24497],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[224,59753,59755,59757],{"href":59754},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59756,24497],{},": Function Explained",[34,59759,59761],{"id":59760},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59763,59764],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59766,59767],{},"Examples include:",[162,59769,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778],{},[165,59771,5015],{},[165,59773,40134],{},[165,59775,51747],{},[165,59777,40304],{},[165,59779,59780],{},"other lists",[39,59782,59784],{"className":41,"code":59783,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59785,59786,59824,59828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59787,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59789,8877],{"class":54},[48,59791,59],{"class":58},[48,59793,3326],{"class":84},[48,59795,94],{"class":62},[48,59797,12594],{"class":66},[48,59799,94],{"class":62},[48,59801,365],{"class":84},[48,59803,9018],{"class":488},[48,59805,365],{"class":84},[48,59807,3621],{"class":3556},[48,59809,365],{"class":84},[48,59811,3326],{"class":84},[48,59813,272],{"class":488},[48,59815,365],{"class":84},[48,59817,489],{"class":488},[48,59819,365],{"class":84},[48,59821,2152],{"class":488},[48,59823,52942],{"class":84},[48,59825,59826],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59827,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59829,59830,59832,59834,59836],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59831,109],{"class":108},[48,59833,91],{"class":84},[48,59835,8916],{"class":87},[48,59837,102],{"class":84},[20,59839,59840],{},[565,59841,1037],{},[39,59843,59845],{"className":41,"code":59844,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59846,59847],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59850,3605],{"class":84},[48,59852,3001],{"class":62},[48,59854,12594],{"class":66},[48,59856,3001],{"class":62},[48,59858,365],{"class":84},[48,59860,9018],{"class":488},[48,59862,365],{"class":84},[48,59864,3621],{"class":3556},[48,59866,365],{"class":84},[48,59868,3326],{"class":84},[48,59870,272],{"class":488},[48,59872,365],{"class":84},[48,59874,489],{"class":488},[48,59876,365],{"class":84},[48,59878,2152],{"class":488},[48,59880,52942],{"class":84},[20,59882,59883,59884,32],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[565,59885,59886],{},"nested list",[20,59888,59889],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[34,59891,4225],{"id":4224},[20,59893,59894],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1200,59896,59898],{"id":59897},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59900,59901],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[39,59903,59905],{"className":41,"code":59904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59906,59907,59911],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59908,59909],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59910,4242],{"class":129},[48,59912,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59914,3321],{"class":54},[48,59916,59],{"class":58},[48,59918,3326],{"class":84},[48,59920,272],{"class":488},[48,59922,489],{"class":488},[48,59924,2152],{"class":488},[48,59926,3339],{"class":84},[20,59928,10519],{},[39,59930,59932],{"className":41,"code":59931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59933,59934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59935,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59937,3321],{"class":54},[48,59939,59],{"class":58},[48,59941,3326],{"class":84},[48,59943,272],{"class":488},[48,59945,365],{"class":84},[48,59947,489],{"class":488},[48,59949,365],{"class":84},[48,59951,2152],{"class":488},[48,59953,3339],{"class":84},[1200,59955,758,59957,10804,59959],{"id":59956},"using-instead-of",[15,59958,7074],{},[15,59960,3492],{},[20,59962,59963],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[39,59965,59967],{"className":41,"code":59966,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59968,59969,59990,59994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,59970,59971,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,59972,59973],{"class":54},"my_values ",[48,59975,59],{"class":58},[48,59977,8948],{"class":84},[48,59979,272],{"class":488},[48,59981,365],{"class":84},[48,59983,489],{"class":488},[48,59985,365],{"class":84},[48,59987,2152],{"class":488},[48,59989,102],{"class":84},[48,59991,59992],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,59993,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,59995,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004,60007],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,59997,109],{"class":108},[48,59999,91],{"class":84},[48,60001,2921],{"class":1047},[48,60003,91],{"class":84},[48,60005,60006],{"class":87},"my_values",[48,60008,1034],{"class":84},[20,60010,60011],{},[565,60012,1037],{},[39,60014,60016],{"className":41,"code":60015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60017,60018],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60019,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60021,2990],{"class":58},[48,60023,2993],{"class":1767},[48,60025,2996],{"class":62},[48,60027,48660],{"class":66},[48,60029,3001],{"class":62},[48,60031,3004],{"class":58},[20,60033,60034],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[39,60036,60038],{"className":41,"code":60037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60039,60040,60060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60041,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60043,59973],{"class":54},[48,60045,59],{"class":58},[48,60047,3326],{"class":84},[48,60049,272],{"class":488},[48,60051,365],{"class":84},[48,60053,489],{"class":488},[48,60055,365],{"class":84},[48,60057,2152],{"class":488},[48,60059,3339],{"class":84},[48,60061,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60063,109],{"class":108},[48,60065,91],{"class":84},[48,60067,2921],{"class":1047},[48,60069,91],{"class":84},[48,60071,60006],{"class":87},[48,60073,1034],{"class":84},[1200,60075,1379,60077,60080],{"id":60076},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60078,60079],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60082,60083,60085],{},[15,60084,24497],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[39,60087,60089],{"className":41,"code":60088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60090,60091,60109],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60092,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60094,1929],{"class":54},[48,60096,59],{"class":58},[48,60098,22275],{"class":1047},[48,60100,91],{"class":84},[48,60102,94],{"class":62},[48,60104,67],{"class":66},[48,60106,94],{"class":62},[48,60108,102],{"class":84},[48,60110,60111,60113,60115,60117],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60112,109],{"class":108},[48,60114,91],{"class":84},[48,60116,1964],{"class":87},[48,60118,102],{"class":84},[20,60120,60121],{},[565,60122,1037],{},[39,60124,60126],{"className":41,"code":60125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60127,60128],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60129,60130,60132,60134,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60154,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60131,3605],{"class":84},[48,60133,3001],{"class":62},[48,60135,60136],{"class":66},"h",[48,60138,3001],{"class":62},[48,60140,365],{"class":84},[48,60142,2996],{"class":62},[48,60144,1247],{"class":66},[48,60146,3001],{"class":62},[48,60148,365],{"class":84},[48,60150,2996],{"class":62},[48,60152,60153],{"class":66},"l",[48,60155,3001],{"class":62},[48,60157,365],{"class":84},[48,60159,2996],{"class":62},[48,60161,60153],{"class":66},[48,60163,3001],{"class":62},[48,60165,365],{"class":84},[48,60167,2996],{"class":62},[48,60169,60170],{"class":66},"o",[48,60172,3001],{"class":62},[48,60174,365],{"class":84},[48,60176,2996],{"class":62},[48,60178,2996],{"class":62},[48,60180,365],{"class":84},[48,60182,2996],{"class":62},[48,60184,60185],{"class":66},"w",[48,60187,3001],{"class":62},[48,60189,365],{"class":84},[48,60191,2996],{"class":62},[48,60193,60170],{"class":66},[48,60195,3001],{"class":62},[48,60197,365],{"class":84},[48,60199,2996],{"class":62},[48,60201,60202],{"class":66},"r",[48,60204,3001],{"class":62},[48,60206,365],{"class":84},[48,60208,2996],{"class":62},[48,60210,60153],{"class":66},[48,60212,3001],{"class":62},[48,60214,365],{"class":84},[48,60216,2996],{"class":62},[48,60218,18485],{"class":66},[48,60220,3001],{"class":62},[48,60222,3339],{"class":84},[20,60224,60225,60226,60229],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60227,60228],{},"split()"," instead:",[39,60231,60233],{"className":41,"code":60232,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60234,60235,60253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60236,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60238,3776],{"class":54},[48,60240,59],{"class":58},[48,60242,63],{"class":62},[48,60244,67],{"class":66},[48,60246,94],{"class":62},[48,60248,32],{"class":84},[48,60250,34182],{"class":87},[48,60252,8353],{"class":84},[48,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60256,109],{"class":108},[48,60258,91],{"class":84},[48,60260,3819],{"class":87},[48,60262,102],{"class":84},[20,60264,60265],{},[565,60266,1037],{},[39,60268,60270],{"className":41,"code":60269,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60271,60272],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60275,3605],{"class":84},[48,60277,3001],{"class":62},[48,60279,1008],{"class":66},[48,60281,3001],{"class":62},[48,60283,365],{"class":84},[48,60285,2996],{"class":62},[48,60287,97],{"class":66},[48,60289,3001],{"class":62},[48,60291,3339],{"class":84},[1200,60293,60295],{"id":60294},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60297,60298],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[39,60300,60302],{"className":41,"code":60301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60303,60304,60308],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60305,60306],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60307,4242],{"class":129},[48,60309,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60329,60331,60333,60335],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60311,4701],{"class":54},[48,60313,59],{"class":58},[48,60315,3326],{"class":84},[48,60317,94],{"class":62},[48,60319,12594],{"class":66},[48,60321,94],{"class":62},[48,60323,365],{"class":84},[48,60325,63],{"class":62},[48,60327,60328],{"class":66},"Ben', ",[48,60330,94],{"class":62},[48,60332,35661],{"class":54},[48,60334,94],{"class":62},[48,60336,3339],{"class":66},[20,60338,60339],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[39,60341,60343],{"className":41,"code":60342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60344,60345],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60348,4701],{"class":54},[48,60350,59],{"class":58},[48,60352,3326],{"class":84},[48,60354,94],{"class":62},[48,60356,12594],{"class":66},[48,60358,94],{"class":62},[48,60360,365],{"class":84},[48,60362,63],{"class":62},[48,60364,35652],{"class":66},[48,60366,94],{"class":62},[48,60368,365],{"class":84},[48,60370,63],{"class":62},[48,60372,35661],{"class":66},[48,60374,94],{"class":62},[48,60376,3339],{"class":84},[1200,60378,60380],{"id":60379},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60382,60383],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[162,60385,60386,60389,60392,60397],{},[165,60387,60388],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[165,60390,60391],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[165,60393,60394,60395],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60396,24497],{},[165,60398,1379,60399,60402],{},[15,60400,60401],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1200,60404,60406],{"id":60405},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[39,60408,60410],{"className":41,"code":60409,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60411,60412,60422,60436,60450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60413,60414,60416,60418,60420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60415,109],{"class":108},[48,60417,91],{"class":84},[48,60419,8050],{"class":87},[48,60421,102],{"class":84},[48,60423,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60425,109],{"class":108},[48,60427,91],{"class":84},[48,60429,2921],{"class":1047},[48,60431,91],{"class":84},[48,60433,8050],{"class":87},[48,60435,1034],{"class":84},[48,60437,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,60439,109],{"class":108},[48,60441,91],{"class":84},[48,60443,10874],{"class":108},[48,60445,91],{"class":84},[48,60447,8050],{"class":87},[48,60449,1034],{"class":84},[48,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,60453,109],{"class":108},[48,60455,91],{"class":84},[48,60457,7804],{"class":1047},[48,60459,91],{"class":84},[48,60461,59697],{"class":108},[48,60463,91],{"class":84},[48,60465,1837],{"class":488},[48,60467,2610],{"class":84},[20,60469,25724],{},[162,60471,60472,60475,60478,60481],{},[165,60473,60474],{},"what the list contains",[165,60476,60477],{},"whether the value is really a list",[165,60479,60480],{},"how many items it has",[165,60482,25735,60483,60485,60486],{},[15,60484,24497],{}," does with ",[15,60487,35908],{},[34,60489,60491],{"id":60490},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60493,60494],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60496,60497],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[162,60499,60500,60515,60520],{},[165,60501,139,60502,1888,60506,16789,60510,60514],{},[224,60503,60504],{"href":56468},[15,60505,52353],{},[224,60507,60508],{"href":53043},[15,60509,53145],{},[224,60511,60512],{"href":53607},[15,60513,53967],{}," to add items later",[165,60516,139,60517,60519],{},[224,60518,59094],{"href":50684}," for a broader introduction",[165,60521,139,60522,60526],{},[224,60523,60524,59757],{"href":59754},[15,60525,24497],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[34,60528,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,60530,60532],{"id":60531},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60534,60535],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[39,60537,60538],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,60539,60540],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60541,60542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60543,38006],{"class":84},[1200,60545,60547],{"id":60546},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60549,60550],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[39,60552,60553],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,60554,60555],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60556,60557,60559,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60558,3605],{"class":84},[48,60560,272],{"class":488},[48,60562,365],{"class":84},[48,60564,489],{"class":488},[48,60566,365],{"class":84},[48,60568,2152],{"class":488},[48,60570,3339],{"class":84},[1200,60572,4849,60574,60576],{"id":60573},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60575,24497],{}," do in Python?",[20,60578,60579,60580,60582],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60581,35908],{},", into a list.",[1200,60584,60586],{"id":60585},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60588,60589],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1200,60591,1559,60593,500,60595,1564],{"id":60592},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60594,3492],{},[15,60596,7074],{},[20,60598,60599,60601,60602,60604],{},[15,60600,3492],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60603,7074],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[34,60606,1599],{"id":1598},[162,60608,60609,60613,60619,60625,60631,60637,60641],{},[165,60610,60611],{},[224,60612,59094],{"href":50684},[165,60614,60615],{},[224,60616,55219,60617,18],{"href":56468},[15,60618,52353],{},[165,60620,60621],{},[224,60622,55219,60623,18],{"href":53043},[15,60624,53145],{},[165,60626,60627],{},[224,60628,55219,60629,18],{"href":53607},[15,60630,53967],{},[165,60632,60633],{},[224,60634,3277,60635,3281],{"href":59754},[15,60636,24497],{},[165,60638,60639],{},[224,60640,59097],{"href":58194},[165,60642,60643],{},[224,60644,60645],{"href":11778},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60647,60648,60649,60651],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60650,52353],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1633,60653,60654],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":60656},[60657,60658,60659,60660,60663,60664,60670,60671,60681,60682,60691],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":58989,"depth":73,"text":58990},{"id":59100,"depth":73,"text":59101,"children":60661},[60662],{"id":59302,"depth":105,"text":59303},{"id":59318,"depth":73,"text":59319},{"id":59515,"depth":73,"text":60665,"children":60666},"Create a list with list()",[60667,60668,60669],{"id":59540,"depth":105,"text":59541},{"id":59613,"depth":105,"text":59614},{"id":59678,"depth":105,"text":59679},{"id":59760,"depth":73,"text":59761},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":60672},[60673,60674,60676,60678,60679,60680],{"id":59897,"depth":105,"text":59898},{"id":59956,"depth":105,"text":60675},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60076,"depth":105,"text":60677},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60294,"depth":105,"text":60295},{"id":60379,"depth":105,"text":60380},{"id":60405,"depth":105,"text":60406},{"id":60490,"depth":73,"text":60491},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":60683},[60684,60685,60686,60688,60689],{"id":60531,"depth":105,"text":60532},{"id":60546,"depth":105,"text":60547},{"id":60573,"depth":105,"text":60687},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60585,"depth":105,"text":60586},{"id":60592,"depth":105,"text":60690},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58731,"description":60692},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60699,"title":60700,"body":60701,"description":62440,"extension":1666,"meta":62441,"navigation":122,"path":62442,"seo":62443,"stem":62444,"__hash__":62445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60702,"toc":62395},[60703,60708,60713,60716,60718,60789,60794,60799,60803,60817,60822,60824,60844,60849,60852,60874,60878,60883,60975,60977,60999,61005,61011,61018,61025,61031,61088,61094,61152,61154,61166,61174,61180,61185,61189,61246,61249,61253,61312,61315,61319,61377,61389,61393,61446,61449,61453,61459,61465,61527,61530,61591,61594,61650,61655,61657,61661,61668,61729,61734,61743,61799,61806,61810,61868,61877,61935,61939,61974,61978,61988,61990,62045,62059,62062,62177,62182,62186,62197,62199,62278,62288,62290,62295,62300,62307,62315,62321,62324,62330,62333,62339,62345,62347,62383,62392],[10,60704,54041,60706,18],{"id":60705},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60707,53145],{},[20,60709,60710,60712],{},[15,60711,53046],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60714,60715],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[34,60717,37],{"id":36},[39,60719,60721],{"className":41,"code":60720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60722,60723,60739,60756,60760,60775,60785],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60724,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60726,3321],{"class":54},[48,60728,59],{"class":58},[48,60730,3326],{"class":84},[48,60732,272],{"class":488},[48,60734,365],{"class":84},[48,60736,489],{"class":488},[48,60738,3339],{"class":84},[48,60740,60741,60744,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60742,60743],{"class":54},"more_numbers ",[48,60745,59],{"class":58},[48,60747,3326],{"class":84},[48,60749,1764],{"class":488},[48,60751,365],{"class":84},[48,60753,878],{"class":488},[48,60755,3339],{"class":84},[48,60757,60758],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,60759,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60773],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,60763,3353],{"class":54},[48,60765,32],{"class":84},[48,60767,53175],{"class":87},[48,60769,91],{"class":84},[48,60771,60772],{"class":87},"more_numbers",[48,60774,102],{"class":84},[48,60776,60777,60779,60781,60783],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,60778,109],{"class":108},[48,60780,91],{"class":84},[48,60782,3353],{"class":87},[48,60784,102],{"class":84},[48,60786,60787],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,60788,52423],{"class":129},[20,60790,139,60791,60793],{},[15,60792,53145],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[34,60795,148,60797,152],{"id":60796},"what-listextend-does",[15,60798,53046],{},[20,60800,60801,503],{},[15,60802,53145],{},[162,60804,60805,60808,60810,60813],{},[165,60806,60807],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[165,60809,54127],{},[165,60811,60812],{},"Does not create a new list",[165,60814,1270,60815],{},[15,60816,3483],{},[20,60818,60819,60820,53500],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60821,53145],{},[34,60823,340],{"id":339},[39,60825,60827],{"className":41,"code":60826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60828,60829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60830,60831,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60832,60833],{"class":54},"list_name",[48,60835,32],{"class":84},[48,60837,53175],{"class":87},[48,60839,91],{"class":84},[48,60841,3425],{"class":87},[48,60843,102],{"class":84},[20,60845,5158,60846,60848],{},[565,60847,3425],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60850,60851],{},"Common iterables include:",[162,60853,60854,60858,60862,60866,60870],{},[165,60855,60856],{},[15,60857,7804],{},[165,60859,60860],{},[15,60861,48660],{},[165,60863,60864],{},[15,60865,5995],{},[165,60867,60868],{},[15,60869,353],{},[165,60871,60872],{},[15,60873,59697],{},[34,60875,60877],{"id":60876},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60879,60880,60881,503],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60882,53145],{},[39,60884,60886],{"className":41,"code":60885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60887,60888,60912,60937,60941,60956,60960,60970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,60889,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,60891,35949],{"class":54},[48,60893,59],{"class":58},[48,60895,3326],{"class":84},[48,60897,94],{"class":62},[48,60899,3785],{"class":66},[48,60901,94],{"class":62},[48,60903,365],{"class":84},[48,60905,63],{"class":62},[48,60907,198],{"class":66},[48,60909,94],{"class":62},[48,60911,3339],{"class":84},[48,60913,60914,60917,60919,60921,60923,60925,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,60915,60916],{"class":54},"more_fruits ",[48,60918,59],{"class":58},[48,60920,3326],{"class":84},[48,60922,94],{"class":62},[48,60924,32933],{"class":66},[48,60926,94],{"class":62},[48,60928,365],{"class":84},[48,60930,63],{"class":62},[48,60932,22248],{"class":66},[48,60934,94],{"class":62},[48,60936,3339],{"class":84},[48,60938,60939],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,60940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,60942,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951,60954],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,60944,36001],{"class":54},[48,60946,32],{"class":84},[48,60948,53175],{"class":87},[48,60950,91],{"class":84},[48,60952,60953],{"class":87},"more_fruits",[48,60955,102],{"class":84},[48,60957,60958],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,60959,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,60961,60962,60964,60966,60968],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,60963,109],{"class":108},[48,60965,91],{"class":84},[48,60967,36001],{"class":87},[48,60969,102],{"class":84},[48,60971,60972],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,60973,60974],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60976,11396],{},[162,60978,60979,60984,60989],{},[165,60980,60981,60983],{},[15,60982,36001],{}," starts with two items",[165,60985,60986,60988],{},[15,60987,60953],{}," has two more items",[165,60990,60991,60993,60994,60996,60997],{},[15,60992,53145],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60995,60953],{}," to ",[15,60998,36001],{},[20,61000,61001,61002,61004],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61003,36001],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61006,54266,61007,500,61009,32],{},[224,61008,52471],{"href":50684},[224,61010,56854],{"href":56853},[34,61012,61014,1188,61016],{"id":61013},"extend-vs-append",[15,61015,53145],{},[15,61017,52353],{},[20,61019,61020,500,61022,61024],{},[15,61021,53145],{},[15,61023,52353],{}," are often confused.",[1200,61026,61028,61030],{"id":61027},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61029,53145],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[39,61032,61034],{"className":41,"code":61033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61035,61036,61052,61070,61074,61084],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61037,61038,61040,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61039,3321],{"class":54},[48,61041,59],{"class":58},[48,61043,3326],{"class":84},[48,61045,272],{"class":488},[48,61047,365],{"class":84},[48,61049,489],{"class":488},[48,61051,3339],{"class":84},[48,61053,61054,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064,61066,61068],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61055,3353],{"class":54},[48,61057,32],{"class":84},[48,61059,53175],{"class":87},[48,61061,2684],{"class":84},[48,61063,1764],{"class":488},[48,61065,365],{"class":84},[48,61067,878],{"class":488},[48,61069,3593],{"class":84},[48,61071,61072],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61073,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61075,61076,61078,61080,61082],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61077,109],{"class":108},[48,61079,91],{"class":84},[48,61081,3353],{"class":87},[48,61083,102],{"class":84},[48,61085,61086],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61087,52423],{"class":129},[1200,61089,61091,61093],{"id":61090},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61092,52353],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[39,61095,61097],{"className":41,"code":61096,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61098,61099,61115,61133,61137,61147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61100,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109,61111,61113],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61102,3321],{"class":54},[48,61104,59],{"class":58},[48,61106,3326],{"class":84},[48,61108,272],{"class":488},[48,61110,365],{"class":84},[48,61112,489],{"class":488},[48,61114,3339],{"class":84},[48,61116,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127,61129,61131],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61118,3353],{"class":54},[48,61120,32],{"class":84},[48,61122,13267],{"class":87},[48,61124,2684],{"class":84},[48,61126,1764],{"class":488},[48,61128,365],{"class":84},[48,61130,878],{"class":488},[48,61132,3593],{"class":84},[48,61134,61135],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61136,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61138,61139,61141,61143,61145],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61140,109],{"class":108},[48,61142,91],{"class":84},[48,61144,3353],{"class":87},[48,61146,102],{"class":84},[48,61148,61149],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61150,61151],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61153,18412],{},[162,61155,61156,61161],{},[165,61157,61158,61160],{},[15,61159,53145],{}," to combine values",[165,61162,61163,61165],{},[15,61164,52353],{}," to add one item",[20,61167,41800,61168,500,61172,32],{},[224,61169,55219,61170,754],{"href":56468},[15,61171,52353],{},[224,61173,52749],{"href":52748},[34,61175,758,61177,61179],{"id":61176},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61178,53145],{}," with different iterables",[20,61181,61182,61184],{},[15,61183,53145],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1200,61186,61188],{"id":61187},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[39,61190,61192],{"className":41,"code":61191,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61193,61194,61210,61228,61232,61242],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61195,61196,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61197,3528],{"class":54},[48,61199,59],{"class":58},[48,61201,3326],{"class":84},[48,61203,272],{"class":488},[48,61205,365],{"class":84},[48,61207,489],{"class":488},[48,61209,3339],{"class":84},[48,61211,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224,61226],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61213,5065],{"class":54},[48,61215,32],{"class":84},[48,61217,53175],{"class":87},[48,61219,5217],{"class":84},[48,61221,1764],{"class":488},[48,61223,365],{"class":84},[48,61225,878],{"class":488},[48,61227,1034],{"class":84},[48,61229,61230],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61231,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61233,61234,61236,61238,61240],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61235,109],{"class":108},[48,61237,91],{"class":84},[48,61239,5065],{"class":87},[48,61241,102],{"class":84},[48,61243,61244],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61245,52423],{"class":129},[20,61247,61248],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1200,61250,61252],{"id":61251},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[39,61254,61256],{"className":41,"code":61255,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61257,61258,61274,61293,61297,61307],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61261,35800],{"class":54},[48,61263,59],{"class":58},[48,61265,3326],{"class":84},[48,61267,94],{"class":62},[48,61269,224],{"class":66},[48,61271,94],{"class":62},[48,61273,3339],{"class":84},[48,61275,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61289,61291],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61277,35853],{"class":54},[48,61279,32],{"class":84},[48,61281,53175],{"class":87},[48,61283,91],{"class":84},[48,61285,94],{"class":62},[48,61287,61288],{"class":66},"bc",[48,61290,94],{"class":62},[48,61292,102],{"class":84},[48,61294,61295],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61296,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61298,61299,61301,61303,61305],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61300,109],{"class":108},[48,61302,91],{"class":84},[48,61304,35853],{"class":87},[48,61306,102],{"class":84},[48,61308,61309],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61310,61311],{"class":129},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61313,61314],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1200,61316,61318],{"id":61317},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[39,61320,61322],{"className":41,"code":61321,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61323,61324,61336,61358,61362,61372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61325,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61327,3321],{"class":54},[48,61329,59],{"class":58},[48,61331,3326],{"class":84},[48,61333,578],{"class":488},[48,61335,3339],{"class":84},[48,61337,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61339,3353],{"class":54},[48,61341,32],{"class":84},[48,61343,53175],{"class":87},[48,61345,91],{"class":84},[48,61347,59697],{"class":108},[48,61349,91],{"class":84},[48,61351,272],{"class":488},[48,61353,365],{"class":84},[48,61355,878],{"class":488},[48,61357,1034],{"class":84},[48,61359,61360],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61361,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61363,61364,61366,61368,61370],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61365,109],{"class":108},[48,61367,91],{"class":84},[48,61369,3353],{"class":87},[48,61371,102],{"class":84},[48,61373,61374],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61375,61376],{"class":129},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61378,61379,61382,61383,1888,61385,16789,61387,32],{},[15,61380,61381],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61384,272],{},[15,61386,280],{},[15,61388,1764],{},[1200,61390,61392],{"id":61391},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[39,61394,61396],{"className":41,"code":61395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61397,61398,61414,61432,61436],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61399,61400,61402,61404,61406,61408,61410,61412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61401,7489],{"class":54},[48,61403,59],{"class":58},[48,61405,3326],{"class":84},[48,61407,272],{"class":488},[48,61409,365],{"class":84},[48,61411,489],{"class":488},[48,61413,3339],{"class":84},[48,61415,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61417,7520],{"class":54},[48,61419,32],{"class":84},[48,61421,53175],{"class":87},[48,61423,5236],{"class":84},[48,61425,1764],{"class":488},[48,61427,365],{"class":84},[48,61429,878],{"class":488},[48,61431,30207],{"class":84},[48,61433,61434],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61435,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61439,109],{"class":108},[48,61441,91],{"class":84},[48,61443,7520],{"class":87},[48,61445,102],{"class":84},[20,61447,61448],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[34,61450,61452],{"id":61451},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61454,61455,1572,61457,32],{},[15,61456,53145],{},[15,61458,3483],{},[20,61460,61461,61462,503],{},"That means this is ",[565,61463,61464],{},"wrong",[39,61466,61468],{"className":41,"code":61467,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61469,61470,61486,61508,61512,61522],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61471,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61473,3321],{"class":54},[48,61475,59],{"class":58},[48,61477,3326],{"class":84},[48,61479,272],{"class":488},[48,61481,365],{"class":84},[48,61483,489],{"class":488},[48,61485,3339],{"class":84},[48,61487,61488,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61489,1929],{"class":54},[48,61491,59],{"class":58},[48,61493,3969],{"class":54},[48,61495,32],{"class":84},[48,61497,53175],{"class":87},[48,61499,2684],{"class":84},[48,61501,1764],{"class":488},[48,61503,365],{"class":84},[48,61505,878],{"class":488},[48,61507,3593],{"class":84},[48,61509,61510],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61511,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61513,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61515,109],{"class":108},[48,61517,91],{"class":84},[48,61519,1964],{"class":87},[48,61521,102],{"class":84},[48,61523,61524],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61525,61526],{"class":129},"# None\n",[20,61528,61529],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[39,61531,61533],{"className":41,"code":61532,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61534,61535,61551,61573,61577,61587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61536,61537,61539,61541,61543,61545,61547,61549],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61538,3321],{"class":54},[48,61540,59],{"class":58},[48,61542,3326],{"class":84},[48,61544,272],{"class":488},[48,61546,365],{"class":84},[48,61548,489],{"class":488},[48,61550,3339],{"class":84},[48,61552,61553,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61554,3321],{"class":54},[48,61556,59],{"class":58},[48,61558,3969],{"class":54},[48,61560,32],{"class":84},[48,61562,53175],{"class":87},[48,61564,2684],{"class":84},[48,61566,1764],{"class":488},[48,61568,365],{"class":84},[48,61570,878],{"class":488},[48,61572,3593],{"class":84},[48,61574,61575],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61576,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61578,61579,61581,61583,61585],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61580,109],{"class":108},[48,61582,91],{"class":84},[48,61584,3353],{"class":87},[48,61586,102],{"class":84},[48,61588,61589],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61590,61526],{"class":129},[20,61592,61593],{},"The correct way is:",[39,61595,61596],{"className":41,"code":61033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,61597,61598,61614,61632,61636,61646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61599,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610,61612],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61601,3321],{"class":54},[48,61603,59],{"class":58},[48,61605,3326],{"class":84},[48,61607,272],{"class":488},[48,61609,365],{"class":84},[48,61611,489],{"class":488},[48,61613,3339],{"class":84},[48,61615,61616,61618,61620,61622,61624,61626,61628,61630],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61617,3353],{"class":54},[48,61619,32],{"class":84},[48,61621,53175],{"class":87},[48,61623,2684],{"class":84},[48,61625,1764],{"class":488},[48,61627,365],{"class":84},[48,61629,878],{"class":488},[48,61631,3593],{"class":84},[48,61633,61634],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61635,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61637,61638,61640,61642,61644],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61639,109],{"class":108},[48,61641,91],{"class":84},[48,61643,3353],{"class":87},[48,61645,102],{"class":84},[48,61647,61648],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61649,52423],{"class":129},[20,61651,55608,61652,61654],{},[15,61653,53145],{}," first, then use the original list.",[34,61656,4225],{"id":4224},[20,61658,14448,61659,32],{},[15,61660,53145],{},[1200,61662,61664,61665,61667],{"id":61663},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61666,53145],{}," to return a new list",[39,61669,61671],{"className":41,"code":61670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61672,61673,61689,61711,61715,61725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61674,61675,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61676,3321],{"class":54},[48,61678,59],{"class":58},[48,61680,3326],{"class":84},[48,61682,272],{"class":488},[48,61684,365],{"class":84},[48,61686,489],{"class":488},[48,61688,3339],{"class":84},[48,61690,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61692,55341],{"class":54},[48,61694,59],{"class":58},[48,61696,3969],{"class":54},[48,61698,32],{"class":84},[48,61700,53175],{"class":87},[48,61702,2684],{"class":84},[48,61704,1764],{"class":488},[48,61706,365],{"class":84},[48,61708,878],{"class":488},[48,61710,3593],{"class":84},[48,61712,61713],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61714,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61716,61717,61719,61721,61723],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61718,109],{"class":108},[48,61720,91],{"class":84},[48,61722,55360],{"class":87},[48,61724,102],{"class":84},[48,61726,61727],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61728,61526],{"class":129},[20,61730,61731,61732,32],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61733,53145],{},[1200,61735,61737,61738,44336,61740,61742],{"id":61736},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61739,52353],{},[15,61741,53145],{}," is needed",[39,61744,61745],{"className":41,"code":61096,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,61746,61747,61763,61781,61785,61795],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61748,61749,61751,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61750,3321],{"class":54},[48,61752,59],{"class":58},[48,61754,3326],{"class":84},[48,61756,272],{"class":488},[48,61758,365],{"class":84},[48,61760,489],{"class":488},[48,61762,3339],{"class":84},[48,61764,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61766,3353],{"class":54},[48,61768,32],{"class":84},[48,61770,13267],{"class":87},[48,61772,2684],{"class":84},[48,61774,1764],{"class":488},[48,61776,365],{"class":84},[48,61778,878],{"class":488},[48,61780,3593],{"class":84},[48,61782,61783],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61784,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61786,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61788,109],{"class":108},[48,61790,91],{"class":84},[48,61792,3353],{"class":87},[48,61794,102],{"class":84},[48,61796,61797],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61798,61151],{"class":129},[20,61800,61801,61802,53590,61804,1575],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61803,53589],{},[15,61805,53145],{},[1200,61807,61809],{"id":61808},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[39,61811,61813],{"className":41,"code":61812,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61814,61815,61831,61849,61853,61863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61816,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825,61827,61829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61818,3776],{"class":54},[48,61820,59],{"class":58},[48,61822,3326],{"class":84},[48,61824,94],{"class":62},[48,61826,1008],{"class":66},[48,61828,94],{"class":62},[48,61830,3339],{"class":84},[48,61832,61833,61835,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61834,3819],{"class":54},[48,61836,32],{"class":84},[48,61838,53175],{"class":87},[48,61840,91],{"class":84},[48,61842,94],{"class":62},[48,61844,97],{"class":66},[48,61846,94],{"class":62},[48,61848,102],{"class":84},[48,61850,61851],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61852,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61854,61855,61857,61859,61861],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61856,109],{"class":108},[48,61858,91],{"class":84},[48,61860,3819],{"class":87},[48,61862,102],{"class":84},[48,61864,61865],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61866,61867],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61869,61870,61871,61874,61875,503],{},"If you want ",[15,61872,61873],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61876,52353],{},[39,61878,61880],{"className":41,"code":61879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61881,61882,61898,61916,61920,61930],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61883,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61885,3776],{"class":54},[48,61887,59],{"class":58},[48,61889,3326],{"class":84},[48,61891,94],{"class":62},[48,61893,1008],{"class":66},[48,61895,94],{"class":62},[48,61897,3339],{"class":84},[48,61899,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61901,3819],{"class":54},[48,61903,32],{"class":84},[48,61905,13267],{"class":87},[48,61907,91],{"class":84},[48,61909,94],{"class":62},[48,61911,97],{"class":66},[48,61913,94],{"class":62},[48,61915,102],{"class":84},[48,61917,61918],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,61919,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,61923,109],{"class":108},[48,61925,91],{"class":84},[48,61927,3819],{"class":87},[48,61929,102],{"class":84},[48,61931,61932],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,61933,61934],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1200,61936,61938],{"id":61937},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[39,61940,61942],{"className":41,"code":61941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61943,61944,61960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61945,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61947,3321],{"class":54},[48,61949,59],{"class":58},[48,61951,3326],{"class":84},[48,61953,272],{"class":488},[48,61955,365],{"class":84},[48,61957,489],{"class":488},[48,61959,3339],{"class":84},[48,61961,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,61963,3353],{"class":54},[48,61965,32],{"class":84},[48,61967,53175],{"class":87},[48,61969,91],{"class":84},[48,61971,1837],{"class":488},[48,61973,102],{"class":84},[20,61975,39363,61976,6259],{},[15,61977,1837],{},[20,61979,61980,61981,61983,61984,61987],{},"You will get a ",[15,61982,2703],{},". See ",[224,61985,61986],{"href":52300},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61989,1404],{},[39,61991,61993],{"className":41,"code":61992,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61994,61995,62005,62019,62031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,61996,61997,61999,62001,62003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,61998,109],{"class":108},[48,62000,91],{"class":84},[48,62002,8050],{"class":87},[48,62004,102],{"class":84},[48,62006,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62008,109],{"class":108},[48,62010,91],{"class":84},[48,62012,2921],{"class":1047},[48,62014,91],{"class":84},[48,62016,5065],{"class":87},[48,62018,1034],{"class":84},[48,62020,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,62022,109],{"class":108},[48,62024,91],{"class":84},[48,62026,1964],{"class":87},[48,62028,3366],{"class":84},[48,62030,102],{"class":54},[48,62032,62033,62035,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,62034,31864],{"class":108},[48,62036,91],{"class":84},[48,62038,7804],{"class":1047},[48,62040,32],{"class":84},[48,62042,53175],{"class":24466},[48,62044,102],{"class":84},[43287,62046,62047],{},[20,62048,62049,62050,62053,62054,62056,62057,32],{},"Note: ",[15,62051,62052],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62055,3366],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62058,32739],{},[20,62060,62061],{},"Correct debugging example:",[39,62063,62065],{"className":41,"code":62064,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62066,62067,62083,62099,62103,62117,62121,62129,62139,62153,62163],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62070,8019],{"class":54},[48,62072,59],{"class":58},[48,62074,3326],{"class":84},[48,62076,272],{"class":488},[48,62078,365],{"class":84},[48,62080,489],{"class":488},[48,62082,3339],{"class":84},[48,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62086,3528],{"class":54},[48,62088,59],{"class":58},[48,62090,3326],{"class":84},[48,62092,1764],{"class":488},[48,62094,365],{"class":84},[48,62096,878],{"class":488},[48,62098,3339],{"class":84},[48,62100,62101],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,62102,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62104,62105,62107,62109,62111,62113,62115],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,62106,8050],{"class":54},[48,62108,32],{"class":84},[48,62110,53175],{"class":87},[48,62112,91],{"class":84},[48,62114,5065],{"class":87},[48,62116,102],{"class":84},[48,62118,62119],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,62120,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62122,62123,62125,62127],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,62124,1929],{"class":54},[48,62126,59],{"class":58},[48,62128,48234],{"class":3556},[48,62130,62131,62133,62135,62137],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,62132,109],{"class":108},[48,62134,91],{"class":84},[48,62136,8050],{"class":87},[48,62138,102],{"class":84},[48,62140,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,62142,109],{"class":108},[48,62144,91],{"class":84},[48,62146,2921],{"class":1047},[48,62148,91],{"class":84},[48,62150,5065],{"class":87},[48,62152,1034],{"class":84},[48,62154,62155,62157,62159,62161],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,62156,109],{"class":108},[48,62158,91],{"class":84},[48,62160,1964],{"class":87},[48,62162,102],{"class":84},[48,62164,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,62166,31864],{"class":108},[48,62168,91],{"class":84},[48,62170,7804],{"class":1047},[48,62172,32],{"class":84},[48,62174,53175],{"class":24466},[48,62176,102],{"class":84},[34,62178,4667,62180],{"id":62179},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62181,53145],{},[20,62183,139,62184,6026],{},[15,62185,53145],{},[162,62187,62188,62191,62194],{},[165,62189,62190],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[165,62192,62193],{},"Add multiple values at once",[165,62195,62196],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62198,5178],{},[39,62200,62202],{"className":41,"code":62201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62203,62204,62221,62239,62243,62259,62263,62273],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62205,62206,62209,62211,62213,62215,62217,62219],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62207,62208],{"class":54},"all_scores ",[48,62210,59],{"class":58},[48,62212,3326],{"class":84},[48,62214,13216],{"class":488},[48,62216,365],{"class":84},[48,62218,13221],{"class":488},[48,62220,3339],{"class":84},[48,62222,62223,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62237],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62224,62225],{"class":54},"new_scores ",[48,62227,59],{"class":58},[48,62229,3326],{"class":84},[48,62231,51206],{"class":488},[48,62233,365],{"class":84},[48,62235,62236],{"class":488}," 92",[48,62238,3339],{"class":84},[48,62240,62241],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,62242,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62244,62245,62248,62250,62252,62254,62257],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,62246,62247],{"class":54},"all_scores",[48,62249,32],{"class":84},[48,62251,53175],{"class":87},[48,62253,91],{"class":84},[48,62255,62256],{"class":87},"new_scores",[48,62258,102],{"class":84},[48,62260,62261],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,62262,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,62266,109],{"class":108},[48,62268,91],{"class":84},[48,62270,62247],{"class":87},[48,62272,102],{"class":84},[48,62274,62275],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,62276,62277],{"class":129},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62279,62280,62281,62283,62284,32],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62282,52353],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[224,62285,55219,62286,754],{"href":53607},[15,62287,53967],{},[34,62289,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,62291,12418,62293,55168],{"id":62292},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62294,53046],{},[20,62296,62297,62298,32],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62299,3483],{},[1200,62301,1559,62303,500,62305,1564],{"id":62302},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62304,53145],{},[15,62306,52353],{},[20,62308,62309,62311,62312,62314],{},[15,62310,53145],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62313,52353],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1200,62316,28044,62318,62320],{"id":62317},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62319,53145],{}," with a string?",[20,62322,62323],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1200,62325,28044,62327,62329],{"id":62326},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62328,53145],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62331,62332],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1200,62334,62336,62337,1564],{"id":62335},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62338,53145],{},[20,62340,62341,62342,62344],{},"You get a ",[15,62343,2703],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[34,62346,1599],{"id":1598},[162,62348,62349,62355,62359,62363,62367,62373,62377],{},[165,62350,62351],{},[224,62352,55219,62353,754],{"href":56468},[15,62354,52353],{},[165,62356,62357],{},[224,62358,53977],{"href":52748},[165,62360,62361],{},[224,62362,56928],{"href":56853},[165,62364,62365],{},[224,62366,52471],{"href":50684},[165,62368,62369],{},[224,62370,55219,62371,754],{"href":53607},[15,62372,53967],{},[165,62374,62375],{},[224,62376,61986],{"href":52300},[165,62378,62379],{},[224,62380,55219,62381,754],{"href":54659},[15,62382,12490],{},[20,62384,62385,62386,62388,62389,62391],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62387,52353],{},", when to use ",[15,62390,53967],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1633,62393,62394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":62396},[62397,62398,62400,62401,62402,62409,62416,62417,62425,62427,62439],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":60796,"depth":73,"text":62399},"What list.extend() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":60876,"depth":73,"text":60877},{"id":61013,"depth":73,"text":62403,"children":62404},"extend() vs append()",[62405,62407],{"id":61027,"depth":105,"text":62406},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61090,"depth":105,"text":62408},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61176,"depth":73,"text":62410,"children":62411},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62412,62413,62414,62415],{"id":61187,"depth":105,"text":61188},{"id":61251,"depth":105,"text":61252},{"id":61317,"depth":105,"text":61318},{"id":61391,"depth":105,"text":61392},{"id":61451,"depth":73,"text":61452},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":62418},[62419,62421,62423,62424],{"id":61663,"depth":105,"text":62420},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61736,"depth":105,"text":62422},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61808,"depth":105,"text":61809},{"id":61937,"depth":105,"text":61938},{"id":62179,"depth":73,"text":62426},"When to use extend()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":62428},[62429,62431,62433,62435,62437],{"id":62292,"depth":105,"text":62430},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62302,"depth":105,"text":62432},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62317,"depth":105,"text":62434},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62326,"depth":105,"text":62436},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62335,"depth":105,"text":62438},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60700,"description":62440},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62447,"title":62448,"body":62449,"description":64539,"extension":1666,"meta":64540,"navigation":122,"path":64541,"seo":64542,"stem":64543,"__hash__":64544},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62450,"toc":64502},[62451,62454,62459,62465,62476,62482,62484,62553,62555,62604,62612,62616,62621,62624,62635,62640,62642,62644,62665,62678,62681,62694,62696,62701,62726,62728,62736,62739,62808,62810,62834,62840,62844,62848,62884,62886,62906,62913,62917,62950,62952,62985,62990,62994,63027,63029,63057,63065,63069,63106,63108,63129,63132,63136,63205,63207,63231,63237,63244,63248,63251,63253,63267,63270,63294,63296,63321,63324,63343,63345,63371,63380,63384,63391,63468,63470,63511,63517,63523,63614,63616,63672,63675,63680,63684,63689,63693,63752,63754,63779,63783,63846,63848,63873,63877,63940,63942,63985,63988,63992,63996,64018,64022,64104,64106,64141,64149,64151,64155,64159,64161,64188,64193,64195,64222,64229,64232,64255,64257,64306,64309,64312,64331,64335,64338,64389,64392,64398,64402,64407,64410,64412,64418,64427,64431,64437,64441,64444,64448,64451,64455,64461,64463,64499],[10,62452,62448],{"id":62453},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62455,8834,62456,62458],{},[15,62457,24497],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62460,62461,62462,62464],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62463,24497],{}," for two main reasons:",[162,62466,62467,62470],{},[165,62468,62469],{},"to make an empty list",[165,62471,62472,62473,62475],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62474,59697],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62477,62478,62479,62481],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62480,24497],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[34,62483,37],{"id":36},[39,62485,62487],{"className":41,"code":62486,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62488,62489,62511,62529,62533,62543],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62490,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62492,3321],{"class":54},[48,62494,59],{"class":58},[48,62496,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62498,5217],{"class":84},[48,62500,272],{"class":488},[48,62502,365],{"class":84},[48,62504,489],{"class":488},[48,62506,365],{"class":84},[48,62508,2152],{"class":488},[48,62510,1034],{"class":84},[48,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62514,35800],{"class":54},[48,62516,59],{"class":58},[48,62518,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62520,91],{"class":84},[48,62522,94],{"class":62},[48,62524,41270],{"class":66},[48,62526,94],{"class":62},[48,62528,102],{"class":84},[48,62530,62531],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,62532,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62534,62535,62537,62539,62541],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,62536,109],{"class":108},[48,62538,91],{"class":84},[48,62540,3353],{"class":87},[48,62542,102],{"class":84},[48,62544,62545,62547,62549,62551],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,62546,109],{"class":108},[48,62548,91],{"class":84},[48,62550,35853],{"class":87},[48,62552,102],{"class":84},[20,62554,1037],{},[39,62556,62558],{"className":41,"code":62557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62559,62560,62576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62561,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572,62574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62563,3605],{"class":84},[48,62565,272],{"class":488},[48,62567,365],{"class":84},[48,62569,489],{"class":488},[48,62571,365],{"class":84},[48,62573,2152],{"class":488},[48,62575,3339],{"class":84},[48,62577,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588,62590,62592,62594,62596,62598,62600,62602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62579,3605],{"class":84},[48,62581,3001],{"class":62},[48,62583,224],{"class":66},[48,62585,3001],{"class":62},[48,62587,365],{"class":84},[48,62589,2996],{"class":62},[48,62591,4466],{"class":66},[48,62593,3001],{"class":62},[48,62595,365],{"class":84},[48,62597,2996],{"class":62},[48,62599,632],{"class":66},[48,62601,3001],{"class":62},[48,62603,3339],{"class":84},[20,62605,139,62606,62608,62609,62611],{},[15,62607,24497],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62610,59697],{},", set, or dictionary.",[34,62613,62615],{"id":62614},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62617,62618,62620],{},[15,62619,24497],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62622,62623],{},"It can:",[162,62625,62626,62629,62632],{},[165,62627,62628],{},"create a new list object",[165,62630,62631],{},"make an empty list",[165,62633,62634],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62636,62637,62638,32],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[224,62639,52471],{"href":50684},[34,62641,340],{"id":339},[20,62643,26203],{},[39,62645,62647],{"className":41,"code":62646,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62648,62649,62655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62650,62651,62653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62652,7804],{"class":1047},[48,62654,8353],{"class":84},[48,62656,62657,62659,62661,62663],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62658,7804],{"class":1047},[48,62660,91],{"class":84},[48,62662,3425],{"class":87},[48,62664,102],{"class":84},[162,62666,62667,62672],{},[165,62668,62669,62671],{},[15,62670,24497],{}," makes an empty list",[165,62673,62674,62677],{},[15,62675,62676],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62679,62680],{},"Common iterable values include:",[162,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689,62692],{},[165,62684,5015],{},[165,62686,5009],{},[165,62688,5012],{},[165,62690,62691],{},"ranges",[165,62693,6959],{},[34,62695,59319],{"id":59318},[20,62697,139,62698,62700],{},[15,62699,24497],{}," with no arguments:",[39,62702,62704],{"className":41,"code":62703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62705,62706,62716],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62707,62708,62710,62712,62714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62709,7489],{"class":54},[48,62711,59],{"class":58},[48,62713,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62715,8353],{"class":84},[48,62717,62718,62720,62722,62724],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62719,109],{"class":108},[48,62721,91],{"class":84},[48,62723,7520],{"class":87},[48,62725,102],{"class":84},[20,62727,1037],{},[39,62729,62730],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62731,62732],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62733,62734],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62735,38006],{"class":84},[20,62737,62738],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[39,62740,62742],{"className":41,"code":62741,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62743,62744,62754,62758,62776,62794,62798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62745,62746,62748,62750,62752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62747,7489],{"class":54},[48,62749,59],{"class":58},[48,62751,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62753,8353],{"class":84},[48,62755,62756],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62757,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62759,62760,62762,62764,62766,62768,62770,62772,62774],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,62761,7520],{"class":54},[48,62763,32],{"class":84},[48,62765,13267],{"class":87},[48,62767,91],{"class":84},[48,62769,94],{"class":62},[48,62771,3785],{"class":66},[48,62773,94],{"class":62},[48,62775,102],{"class":84},[48,62777,62778,62780,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790,62792],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,62779,7520],{"class":54},[48,62781,32],{"class":84},[48,62783,13267],{"class":87},[48,62785,91],{"class":84},[48,62787,94],{"class":62},[48,62789,198],{"class":66},[48,62791,94],{"class":62},[48,62793,102],{"class":84},[48,62795,62796],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,62797,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,62799,62800,62802,62804,62806],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,62801,109],{"class":108},[48,62803,91],{"class":84},[48,62805,7520],{"class":87},[48,62807,102],{"class":84},[20,62809,1037],{},[39,62811,62812],{"className":41,"code":38132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62813,62814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62815,62816,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62817,3605],{"class":84},[48,62819,3001],{"class":62},[48,62821,3785],{"class":66},[48,62823,3001],{"class":62},[48,62825,365],{"class":84},[48,62827,2996],{"class":62},[48,62829,198],{"class":66},[48,62831,3001],{"class":62},[48,62833,3339],{"class":84},[20,62835,62836,62837,62839],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62838,3492],{},". Both are valid.",[34,62841,62843],{"id":62842},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1200,62845,62847],{"id":62846},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[39,62849,62850],{"className":41,"code":59617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62851,62852,62874],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62853,62854,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866,62868,62870,62872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62855,3321],{"class":54},[48,62857,59],{"class":58},[48,62859,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62861,5217],{"class":84},[48,62863,272],{"class":488},[48,62865,365],{"class":84},[48,62867,489],{"class":488},[48,62869,365],{"class":84},[48,62871,2152],{"class":488},[48,62873,1034],{"class":84},[48,62875,62876,62878,62880,62882],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62877,109],{"class":108},[48,62879,91],{"class":84},[48,62881,3353],{"class":87},[48,62883,102],{"class":84},[20,62885,1037],{},[39,62887,62888],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,62889,62890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62891,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62893,3605],{"class":84},[48,62895,272],{"class":488},[48,62897,365],{"class":84},[48,62899,489],{"class":488},[48,62901,365],{"class":84},[48,62903,2152],{"class":488},[48,62905,3339],{"class":84},[20,62907,62908,62909,32],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[224,62910,62912],{"href":62911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1200,62914,62916],{"id":62915},"string-to-list","String to list",[39,62918,62920],{"className":41,"code":62919,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62921,62922,62940],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62923,62924,62926,62928,62930,62932,62934,62936,62938],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62925,35800],{"class":54},[48,62927,59],{"class":58},[48,62929,22275],{"class":1047},[48,62931,91],{"class":84},[48,62933,94],{"class":62},[48,62935,607],{"class":66},[48,62937,94],{"class":62},[48,62939,102],{"class":84},[48,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,62943,109],{"class":108},[48,62945,91],{"class":84},[48,62947,35853],{"class":87},[48,62949,102],{"class":84},[20,62951,1037],{},[39,62953,62955],{"className":41,"code":62954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62956,62957],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,62958,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,62960,3605],{"class":84},[48,62962,3001],{"class":62},[48,62964,632],{"class":66},[48,62966,3001],{"class":62},[48,62968,365],{"class":84},[48,62970,2996],{"class":62},[48,62972,224],{"class":66},[48,62974,3001],{"class":62},[48,62976,365],{"class":84},[48,62978,2996],{"class":62},[48,62980,436],{"class":66},[48,62982,3001],{"class":62},[48,62984,3339],{"class":84},[20,62986,62987,62989],{},[15,62988,24497],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1200,62991,62993],{"id":62992},"range-to-list","Range to list",[39,62995,62997],{"className":41,"code":62996,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62998,62999,63017],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63000,63001,63003,63005,63007,63009,63011,63013,63015],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63002,3321],{"class":54},[48,63004,59],{"class":58},[48,63006,22275],{"class":1047},[48,63008,91],{"class":84},[48,63010,59697],{"class":108},[48,63012,91],{"class":84},[48,63014,1837],{"class":488},[48,63016,1034],{"class":84},[48,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63020,109],{"class":108},[48,63022,91],{"class":84},[48,63024,3353],{"class":87},[48,63026,102],{"class":84},[20,63028,1037],{},[39,63030,63031],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63032,63033],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63034,63035,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63036,3605],{"class":84},[48,63038,578],{"class":488},[48,63040,365],{"class":84},[48,63042,5204],{"class":488},[48,63044,365],{"class":84},[48,63046,489],{"class":488},[48,63048,365],{"class":84},[48,63050,2152],{"class":488},[48,63052,365],{"class":84},[48,63054,878],{"class":488},[48,63056,3339],{"class":84},[20,63058,63059,63060,63064],{},"This is common when working with ",[224,63061,63062],{"href":35905},[15,63063,35908],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1200,63066,63068],{"id":63067},"set-to-list","Set to list",[39,63070,63072],{"className":41,"code":63071,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63073,63074,63096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63075,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63077,3528],{"class":54},[48,63079,59],{"class":58},[48,63081,22275],{"class":1047},[48,63083,5236],{"class":84},[48,63085,2031],{"class":488},[48,63087,365],{"class":84},[48,63089,7500],{"class":488},[48,63091,365],{"class":84},[48,63093,7505],{"class":488},[48,63095,30207],{"class":84},[48,63097,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63099,109],{"class":108},[48,63101,91],{"class":84},[48,63103,5065],{"class":87},[48,63105,102],{"class":84},[20,63107,16675],{},[39,63109,63111],{"className":41,"code":63110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63112,63113],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63116,3605],{"class":84},[48,63118,2031],{"class":488},[48,63120,365],{"class":84},[48,63122,7500],{"class":488},[48,63124,365],{"class":84},[48,63126,7505],{"class":488},[48,63128,3339],{"class":84},[20,63130,63131],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1200,63133,63135],{"id":63134},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[39,63137,63139],{"className":41,"code":63138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63140,63141,63177,63191,63195],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63142,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63144,12918],{"class":54},[48,63146,59],{"class":58},[48,63148,10203],{"class":84},[48,63150,94],{"class":62},[48,63152,7377],{"class":66},[48,63154,94],{"class":62},[48,63156,503],{"class":84},[48,63158,63],{"class":62},[48,63160,12594],{"class":66},[48,63162,94],{"class":62},[48,63164,365],{"class":84},[48,63166,63],{"class":62},[48,63168,9011],{"class":66},[48,63170,94],{"class":62},[48,63172,503],{"class":84},[48,63174,9018],{"class":488},[48,63176,9021],{"class":84},[48,63178,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63180,1929],{"class":54},[48,63182,59],{"class":58},[48,63184,22275],{"class":1047},[48,63186,91],{"class":84},[48,63188,17024],{"class":87},[48,63190,102],{"class":84},[48,63192,63193],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,63194,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,63196,63197,63199,63201,63203],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,63198,109],{"class":108},[48,63200,91],{"class":84},[48,63202,1964],{"class":87},[48,63204,102],{"class":84},[20,63206,1037],{},[39,63208,63209],{"className":41,"code":25197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63210,63211],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63212,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63214,3605],{"class":84},[48,63216,3001],{"class":62},[48,63218,7377],{"class":66},[48,63220,3001],{"class":62},[48,63222,365],{"class":84},[48,63224,2996],{"class":62},[48,63226,9011],{"class":66},[48,63228,3001],{"class":62},[48,63230,3339],{"class":84},[20,63232,63233,63234,63236],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63235,24497],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63238,63239,63240,32],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[224,63241,63243],{"href":63242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[34,63245,63247],{"id":63246},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63249,63250],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63252,60851],{},[162,63254,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265],{},[165,63256,5006],{},[165,63258,5009],{},[165,63260,5015],{},[165,63262,5012],{},[165,63264,62691],{},[165,63266,6959],{},[20,63268,63269],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[39,63271,63273],{"className":41,"code":63272,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63274,63275],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63276,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63290,63292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63278,109],{"class":108},[48,63280,91],{"class":84},[48,63282,7804],{"class":1047},[48,63284,91],{"class":84},[48,63286,94],{"class":62},[48,63288,63289],{"class":66},"hi",[48,63291,94],{"class":62},[48,63293,1034],{"class":84},[20,63295,1037],{},[39,63297,63299],{"className":41,"code":63298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63300,63301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63302,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63304,3605],{"class":84},[48,63306,3001],{"class":62},[48,63308,60136],{"class":66},[48,63310,3001],{"class":62},[48,63312,365],{"class":84},[48,63314,2996],{"class":62},[48,63316,35864],{"class":66},[48,63318,3001],{"class":62},[48,63320,3339],{"class":84},[20,63322,63323],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[39,63325,63327],{"className":41,"code":63326,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63328,63329],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63330,63331,63333,63335,63337,63339,63341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63332,109],{"class":108},[48,63334,91],{"class":84},[48,63336,7804],{"class":1047},[48,63338,91],{"class":84},[48,63340,1837],{"class":488},[48,63342,1034],{"class":84},[20,63344,1037],{},[39,63346,63348],{"className":41,"code":63347,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63349,63350],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63351,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63353,2703],{"class":1047},[48,63355,503],{"class":84},[48,63357,2996],{"class":62},[48,63359,1887],{"class":66},[48,63361,3001],{"class":62},[48,63363,24333],{"class":1047},[48,63365,7807],{"class":58},[48,63367,7810],{"class":58},[48,63369,63370],{"class":54}," iterable\n",[20,63372,63373,63374,63376,63377,32],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[224,63375,4843],{"href":5293},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[224,63378,63379],{"href":52300},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[34,63381,63383],{"id":63382},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63385,63386,63387,63390],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63388,63389],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[39,63392,63394],{"className":41,"code":63393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63395,63396,63416,63430,63434,63444,63454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63397,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63399,11799],{"class":54},[48,63401,59],{"class":58},[48,63403,3326],{"class":84},[48,63405,272],{"class":488},[48,63407,365],{"class":84},[48,63409,489],{"class":488},[48,63411,365],{"class":84},[48,63413,2152],{"class":488},[48,63415,3339],{"class":84},[48,63417,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63419,14026],{"class":54},[48,63421,59],{"class":58},[48,63423,22275],{"class":1047},[48,63425,91],{"class":84},[48,63427,11846],{"class":87},[48,63429,102],{"class":84},[48,63431,63432],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,63433,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,63435,63436,63438,63440,63442],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,63437,109],{"class":108},[48,63439,91],{"class":84},[48,63441,11846],{"class":87},[48,63443,102],{"class":84},[48,63445,63446,63448,63450,63452],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,63447,109],{"class":108},[48,63449,91],{"class":84},[48,63451,14045],{"class":87},[48,63453,102],{"class":84},[48,63455,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,63457,109],{"class":108},[48,63459,91],{"class":84},[48,63461,11799],{"class":87},[48,63463,11907],{"class":1107},[48,63465,14099],{"class":87},[48,63467,102],{"class":84},[20,63469,1037],{},[39,63471,63473],{"className":41,"code":63472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63474,63475,63491,63507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63476,63477,63479,63481,63483,63485,63487,63489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63478,3605],{"class":84},[48,63480,272],{"class":488},[48,63482,365],{"class":84},[48,63484,489],{"class":488},[48,63486,365],{"class":84},[48,63488,2152],{"class":488},[48,63490,3339],{"class":84},[48,63492,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63494,3605],{"class":84},[48,63496,272],{"class":488},[48,63498,365],{"class":84},[48,63500,489],{"class":488},[48,63502,365],{"class":84},[48,63504,2152],{"class":488},[48,63506,3339],{"class":84},[48,63508,63509],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,63510,3746],{"class":3556},[20,63512,63513,63514,63516],{},"This means ",[15,63515,14045],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63518,63519,63520,63522],{},"However, this is only a ",[565,63521,12564],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[39,63524,63526],{"className":41,"code":63525,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63527,63528,63554,63568,63572,63590,63594,63604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63531,11799],{"class":54},[48,63533,59],{"class":58},[48,63535,55993],{"class":84},[48,63537,272],{"class":488},[48,63539,365],{"class":84},[48,63541,489],{"class":488},[48,63543,17780],{"class":84},[48,63545,3326],{"class":84},[48,63547,1764],{"class":488},[48,63549,365],{"class":84},[48,63551,878],{"class":488},[48,63553,52942],{"class":84},[48,63555,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63557,14026],{"class":54},[48,63559,59],{"class":58},[48,63561,22275],{"class":1047},[48,63563,91],{"class":84},[48,63565,11846],{"class":87},[48,63567,102],{"class":84},[48,63569,63570],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,63571,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,63573,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,63575,14045],{"class":54},[48,63577,3605],{"class":84},[48,63579,578],{"class":488},[48,63581,13264],{"class":84},[48,63583,13267],{"class":87},[48,63585,91],{"class":84},[48,63587,56046],{"class":488},[48,63589,102],{"class":84},[48,63591,63592],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,63593,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,63595,63596,63598,63600,63602],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,63597,109],{"class":108},[48,63599,91],{"class":84},[48,63601,11846],{"class":87},[48,63603,102],{"class":84},[48,63605,63606,63608,63610,63612],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,63607,109],{"class":108},[48,63609,91],{"class":84},[48,63611,14045],{"class":87},[48,63613,102],{"class":84},[20,63615,1037],{},[39,63617,63618],{"className":41,"code":56077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,63619,63620,63646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63621,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63623,56084],{"class":84},[48,63625,272],{"class":488},[48,63627,365],{"class":84},[48,63629,489],{"class":488},[48,63631,365],{"class":84},[48,63633,9909],{"class":488},[48,63635,17780],{"class":84},[48,63637,3326],{"class":84},[48,63639,1764],{"class":488},[48,63641,365],{"class":84},[48,63643,878],{"class":488},[48,63645,52942],{"class":84},[48,63647,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63649,56084],{"class":84},[48,63651,272],{"class":488},[48,63653,365],{"class":84},[48,63655,489],{"class":488},[48,63657,365],{"class":84},[48,63659,9909],{"class":488},[48,63661,17780],{"class":84},[48,63663,3326],{"class":84},[48,63665,1764],{"class":488},[48,63667,365],{"class":84},[48,63669,878],{"class":488},[48,63671,52942],{"class":84},[20,63673,63674],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63676,63677,63678,32],{},"For more on this, see ",[224,63679,13505],{"href":13504},[34,63681,63683],{"id":63682},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63685,63686,63687,32],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63688,24497],{},[1200,63690,63692],{"id":63691},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[39,63694,63696],{"className":41,"code":63695,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63697,63698,63738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63699,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63701,12577],{"class":54},[48,63703,59],{"class":58},[48,63705,10203],{"class":84},[48,63707,94],{"class":62},[48,63709,7377],{"class":66},[48,63711,94],{"class":62},[48,63713,503],{"class":84},[48,63715,63],{"class":62},[48,63717,7632],{"class":66},[48,63719,94],{"class":62},[48,63721,365],{"class":84},[48,63723,63],{"class":62},[48,63725,19609],{"class":66},[48,63727,94],{"class":62},[48,63729,503],{"class":84},[48,63731,63],{"class":62},[48,63733,21960],{"class":66},[48,63735,94],{"class":62},[48,63737,9021],{"class":84},[48,63739,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63741,109],{"class":108},[48,63743,91],{"class":84},[48,63745,7804],{"class":1047},[48,63747,91],{"class":84},[48,63749,13340],{"class":87},[48,63751,1034],{"class":84},[20,63753,1037],{},[39,63755,63757],{"className":41,"code":63756,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63758,63759],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63760,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63762,3605],{"class":84},[48,63764,3001],{"class":62},[48,63766,7377],{"class":66},[48,63768,3001],{"class":62},[48,63770,365],{"class":84},[48,63772,2996],{"class":62},[48,63774,19609],{"class":66},[48,63776,3001],{"class":62},[48,63778,3339],{"class":84},[1200,63780,63782],{"id":63781},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[39,63784,63786],{"className":41,"code":63785,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63787,63788,63828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63789,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63791,12577],{"class":54},[48,63793,59],{"class":58},[48,63795,10203],{"class":84},[48,63797,94],{"class":62},[48,63799,7377],{"class":66},[48,63801,94],{"class":62},[48,63803,503],{"class":84},[48,63805,63],{"class":62},[48,63807,7632],{"class":66},[48,63809,94],{"class":62},[48,63811,365],{"class":84},[48,63813,63],{"class":62},[48,63815,19609],{"class":66},[48,63817,94],{"class":62},[48,63819,503],{"class":84},[48,63821,63],{"class":62},[48,63823,21960],{"class":66},[48,63825,94],{"class":62},[48,63827,9021],{"class":84},[48,63829,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63831,109],{"class":108},[48,63833,91],{"class":84},[48,63835,7804],{"class":1047},[48,63837,91],{"class":84},[48,63839,13340],{"class":87},[48,63841,32],{"class":84},[48,63843,5065],{"class":87},[48,63845,5998],{"class":84},[20,63847,1037],{},[39,63849,63851],{"className":41,"code":63850,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63852,63853],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63854,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63856,3605],{"class":84},[48,63858,3001],{"class":62},[48,63860,7632],{"class":66},[48,63862,3001],{"class":62},[48,63864,365],{"class":84},[48,63866,2996],{"class":62},[48,63868,21960],{"class":66},[48,63870,3001],{"class":62},[48,63872,3339],{"class":84},[1200,63874,63876],{"id":63875},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[39,63878,63880],{"className":41,"code":63879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63881,63882,63922],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63883,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906,63908,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63885,12577],{"class":54},[48,63887,59],{"class":58},[48,63889,10203],{"class":84},[48,63891,94],{"class":62},[48,63893,7377],{"class":66},[48,63895,94],{"class":62},[48,63897,503],{"class":84},[48,63899,63],{"class":62},[48,63901,7632],{"class":66},[48,63903,94],{"class":62},[48,63905,365],{"class":84},[48,63907,63],{"class":62},[48,63909,19609],{"class":66},[48,63911,94],{"class":62},[48,63913,503],{"class":84},[48,63915,63],{"class":62},[48,63917,21960],{"class":66},[48,63919,94],{"class":62},[48,63921,9021],{"class":84},[48,63923,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,63925,109],{"class":108},[48,63927,91],{"class":84},[48,63929,7804],{"class":1047},[48,63931,91],{"class":84},[48,63933,13340],{"class":87},[48,63935,32],{"class":84},[48,63937,7520],{"class":87},[48,63939,5998],{"class":84},[20,63941,1037],{},[39,63943,63945],{"className":41,"code":63944,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63946,63947],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,63948,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,63950,21456],{"class":84},[48,63952,3001],{"class":62},[48,63954,7377],{"class":66},[48,63956,3001],{"class":62},[48,63958,365],{"class":84},[48,63960,2996],{"class":62},[48,63962,7632],{"class":66},[48,63964,3001],{"class":62},[48,63966,8945],{"class":84},[48,63968,8948],{"class":84},[48,63970,3001],{"class":62},[48,63972,19609],{"class":66},[48,63974,3001],{"class":62},[48,63976,365],{"class":84},[48,63978,2996],{"class":62},[48,63980,21960],{"class":66},[48,63982,3001],{"class":62},[48,63984,8961],{"class":84},[20,63986,63987],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[34,63989,63991],{"id":63990},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63993,139,63994,10313],{},[15,63995,24497],{},[162,63997,63998,64006,64015],{},[165,63999,64000,64001,1358,64003],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64002,52353],{},[15,64004,64005],{},"sort()",[165,64007,64008,64009,1358,64011,64014],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64010,35908],{},[15,64012,64013],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[165,64016,64017],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64019,776,64020,503],{},[15,64021,64013],{},[39,64023,64025],{"className":41,"code":64024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64026,64027,64051,64067,64071,64094],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64028,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64030,4701],{"class":54},[48,64032,59],{"class":58},[48,64034,3326],{"class":84},[48,64036,94],{"class":62},[48,64038,12594],{"class":66},[48,64040,94],{"class":62},[48,64042,365],{"class":84},[48,64044,63],{"class":62},[48,64046,35652],{"class":66},[48,64048,94],{"class":62},[48,64050,3339],{"class":84},[48,64052,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64054,4770],{"class":54},[48,64056,59],{"class":58},[48,64058,3326],{"class":84},[48,64060,13216],{"class":488},[48,64062,365],{"class":84},[48,64064,13221],{"class":488},[48,64066,3339],{"class":84},[48,64068,64069],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,64070,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,64072,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,64074,8927],{"class":54},[48,64076,59],{"class":58},[48,64078,22275],{"class":1047},[48,64080,91],{"class":84},[48,64082,64083],{"class":108},"zip",[48,64085,91],{"class":84},[48,64087,4745],{"class":87},[48,64089,365],{"class":84},[48,64091,4817],{"class":87},[48,64093,1034],{"class":84},[48,64095,64096,64098,64100,64102],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,64097,109],{"class":108},[48,64099,91],{"class":84},[48,64101,8974],{"class":87},[48,64103,102],{"class":84},[20,64105,1037],{},[39,64107,64109],{"className":41,"code":64108,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64110,64111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64112,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64114,21456],{"class":84},[48,64116,3001],{"class":62},[48,64118,12594],{"class":66},[48,64120,3001],{"class":62},[48,64122,365],{"class":84},[48,64124,19616],{"class":488},[48,64126,8945],{"class":84},[48,64128,8948],{"class":84},[48,64130,3001],{"class":62},[48,64132,35652],{"class":66},[48,64134,3001],{"class":62},[48,64136,365],{"class":84},[48,64138,13221],{"class":488},[48,64140,8961],{"class":84},[20,64142,64143,64144,64146,64147,32],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64145,52353],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[224,64148,52749],{"href":52748},[34,64150,4225],{"id":4224},[20,64152,56475,64153,32],{},[15,64154,24497],{},[1200,64156,64158],{"id":64157},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64160,4232],{},[39,64162,64164],{"className":41,"code":64163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64165,64166,64170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64167,64168],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64169,4242],{"class":129},[48,64171,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64173,7804],{"class":1047},[48,64175,91],{"class":84},[48,64177,272],{"class":488},[48,64179,365],{"class":84},[48,64181,489],{"class":488},[48,64183,365],{"class":84},[48,64185,2152],{"class":488},[48,64187,102],{"class":84},[20,64189,64190,64192],{},[15,64191,24497],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64194,18412],{},[39,64196,64198],{"className":41,"code":64197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64199,64200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64203,109],{"class":108},[48,64205,91],{"class":84},[48,64207,7804],{"class":1047},[48,64209,5217],{"class":84},[48,64211,272],{"class":488},[48,64213,365],{"class":84},[48,64215,489],{"class":488},[48,64217,365],{"class":84},[48,64219,2152],{"class":488},[48,64221,2610],{"class":84},[1200,64223,64225,64226],{"id":64224},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[48,64227,64228],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64230,64231],{},"This is a common surprise:",[39,64233,64235],{"className":41,"code":64234,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64236,64237],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64238,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64240,109],{"class":108},[48,64242,91],{"class":84},[48,64244,7804],{"class":1047},[48,64246,91],{"class":84},[48,64248,94],{"class":62},[48,64250,1008],{"class":66},[48,64252,94],{"class":62},[48,64254,1034],{"class":84},[20,64256,1037],{},[39,64258,64260],{"className":41,"code":64259,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64261,64262],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64263,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64265,3605],{"class":84},[48,64267,3001],{"class":62},[48,64269,60136],{"class":66},[48,64271,3001],{"class":62},[48,64273,365],{"class":84},[48,64275,2996],{"class":62},[48,64277,1247],{"class":66},[48,64279,3001],{"class":62},[48,64281,365],{"class":84},[48,64283,2996],{"class":62},[48,64285,60153],{"class":66},[48,64287,3001],{"class":62},[48,64289,365],{"class":84},[48,64291,2996],{"class":62},[48,64293,60153],{"class":66},[48,64295,3001],{"class":62},[48,64297,365],{"class":84},[48,64299,2996],{"class":62},[48,64301,60170],{"class":66},[48,64303,3001],{"class":62},[48,64305,3339],{"class":84},[20,64307,64308],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64310,64311],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[39,64313,64315],{"className":41,"code":64314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64316,64317],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64318,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64320,109],{"class":108},[48,64322,2684],{"class":84},[48,64324,94],{"class":62},[48,64326,1008],{"class":66},[48,64328,94],{"class":62},[48,64330,3593],{"class":84},[1200,64332,64334],{"id":64333},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64336,64337],{},"This:",[39,64339,64341],{"className":41,"code":64340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64342,64343,64375],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64344,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64346,8877],{"class":54},[48,64348,59],{"class":58},[48,64350,10203],{"class":84},[48,64352,94],{"class":62},[48,64354,224],{"class":66},[48,64356,94],{"class":62},[48,64358,503],{"class":84},[48,64360,5204],{"class":488},[48,64362,365],{"class":84},[48,64364,63],{"class":62},[48,64366,4466],{"class":66},[48,64368,94],{"class":62},[48,64370,503],{"class":84},[48,64372,489],{"class":488},[48,64374,9021],{"class":84},[48,64376,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64378,109],{"class":108},[48,64380,91],{"class":84},[48,64382,7804],{"class":1047},[48,64384,91],{"class":84},[48,64386,8916],{"class":87},[48,64388,1034],{"class":84},[20,64390,64391],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64393,139,64394,64397],{},[15,64395,64396],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1200,64399,64401],{"id":64400},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64403,64404,64406],{},[15,64405,24497],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64408,64409],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[34,64411,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,64413,1559,64415,64417],{"id":64414},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[48,64416],{}," and list()?",[20,64419,64420,64421,64423,64424,64426],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64422,3492],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64425,24497],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1200,64428,64430],{"id":64429},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64432,64433,64434,64436],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64435,24497],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1200,64438,64440],{"id":64439},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64442,64443],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1200,64445,64447],{"id":64446},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64449,64450],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1200,64452,64454],{"id":64453},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64456,64457,64458,64460],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64459,24497],{}," cannot loop through it.",[34,64462,1599],{"id":1598},[162,64464,64465,64469,64474,64478,64482,64486,64490,64495],{},[165,64466,64467],{},[224,64468,52471],{"href":50684},[165,64470,64471],{},[224,64472,64473],{"href":35905},"Python range() function explained",[165,64475,64476],{},[224,64477,62912],{"href":62911},[165,64479,64480],{},[224,64481,63243],{"href":63242},[165,64483,64484],{},[224,64485,4922],{"href":5293},[165,64487,64488],{},[224,64489,13505],{"href":13504},[165,64491,64492],{},[224,64493,64494],{"href":52300},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[165,64496,64497],{},[224,64498,53977],{"href":52748},[1633,64500,64501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":64503},[64504,64505,64506,64507,64508,64515,64516,64517,64522,64523,64530,64538],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":62614,"depth":73,"text":62615},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":59318,"depth":73,"text":59319},{"id":62842,"depth":73,"text":62843,"children":64509},[64510,64511,64512,64513,64514],{"id":62846,"depth":105,"text":62847},{"id":62915,"depth":105,"text":62916},{"id":62992,"depth":105,"text":62993},{"id":63067,"depth":105,"text":63068},{"id":63134,"depth":105,"text":63135},{"id":63246,"depth":73,"text":63247},{"id":63382,"depth":73,"text":63383},{"id":63682,"depth":73,"text":63683,"children":64518},[64519,64520,64521],{"id":63691,"depth":105,"text":63692},{"id":63781,"depth":105,"text":63782},{"id":63875,"depth":105,"text":63876},{"id":63990,"depth":73,"text":63991},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":64524},[64525,64526,64528,64529],{"id":64157,"depth":105,"text":64158},{"id":64224,"depth":105,"text":64527},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64333,"depth":105,"text":64334},{"id":64400,"depth":105,"text":64401},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":64531},[64532,64534,64535,64536,64537],{"id":64414,"depth":105,"text":64533},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64429,"depth":105,"text":64430},{"id":64439,"depth":105,"text":64440},{"id":64446,"depth":105,"text":64447},{"id":64453,"depth":105,"text":64454},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62448,"description":64539},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64546,"title":64547,"body":64548,"description":65891,"extension":1666,"meta":65892,"navigation":122,"path":65893,"seo":65894,"stem":65895,"__hash__":65896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64549,"toc":65866},[64550,64555,64561,64570,64572,64643,64652,64657,64661,64677,64681,64683,64685,64704,64707,64734,64737,64762,64770,64772,64777,64784,64786,64843,64845,64853,64859,64863,64866,64939,64941,64949,64952,64975,64982,64988,64992,64998,65069,65071,65079,65088,65095,65101,65109,65253,65255,65272,65275,65313,65316,65320,65325,65327,65386,65392,65395,65502,65504,65518,65521,65528,65530,65534,65681,65684,65745,65748,65751,65772,65777,65781,65792,65795,65797,65802,65805,65813,65818,65824,65827,65833,65841,65843,65863],[10,64551,54041,64553,18],{"id":64552},"python-list-index-method",[15,64554,17],{},[20,64556,64557,64560],{},[15,64558,64559],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64562,64563,64564,64567,64568,32],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[565,64565,64566],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64569,31],{},[34,64571,3311],{"id":3310},[39,64573,64575],{"className":41,"code":64574,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64576,64577,64609,64631],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64578,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64580,7489],{"class":54},[48,64582,59],{"class":58},[48,64584,3326],{"class":84},[48,64586,94],{"class":62},[48,64588,3785],{"class":66},[48,64590,94],{"class":62},[48,64592,365],{"class":84},[48,64594,63],{"class":62},[48,64596,198],{"class":66},[48,64598,94],{"class":62},[48,64600,365],{"class":84},[48,64602,63],{"class":62},[48,64604,3802],{"class":66},[48,64606,94],{"class":62},[48,64608,3339],{"class":84},[48,64610,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64612,76],{"class":54},[48,64614,59],{"class":58},[48,64616,5673],{"class":54},[48,64618,32],{"class":84},[48,64620,88],{"class":87},[48,64622,91],{"class":84},[48,64624,94],{"class":62},[48,64626,198],{"class":66},[48,64628,94],{"class":62},[48,64630,102],{"class":84},[48,64632,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,64634,109],{"class":108},[48,64636,91],{"class":84},[48,64638,114],{"class":87},[48,64640,3366],{"class":84},[48,64642,664],{"class":129},[20,64644,139,64645,64648,64649,64651],{},[15,64646,64647],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64650,31],{}," if the item is not found.",[34,64653,148,64655,152],{"id":64654},"what-listindex-does",[15,64656,64559],{},[20,64658,64659,503],{},[15,64660,64559],{},[162,64662,64663,64666,64669,64674],{},[165,64664,64665],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[165,64667,64668],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[165,64670,64671,64672],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64673,578],{},[165,64675,64676],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64678,54266,64679,32],{},[224,64680,52471],{"href":54269},[34,64682,340],{"id":339},[20,64684,30436],{},[39,64686,64688],{"className":41,"code":64687,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64689,64690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64691,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64693,8050],{"class":54},[48,64695,32],{"class":84},[48,64697,88],{"class":87},[48,64699,91],{"class":84},[48,64701,362],{"class":87},[48,64703,102],{"class":84},[20,64705,64706],{},"You can also limit the search:",[39,64708,64710],{"className":41,"code":64709,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64711,64712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64713,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64715,8050],{"class":54},[48,64717,32],{"class":84},[48,64719,88],{"class":87},[48,64721,91],{"class":84},[48,64723,362],{"class":87},[48,64725,365],{"class":84},[48,64727,368],{"class":87},[48,64729,365],{"class":84},[48,64731,373],{"class":87},[48,64733,102],{"class":84},[20,64735,64736],{},"Here is what each part means:",[162,64738,64739,64744,64749,64754],{},[165,64740,64741,64743],{},[15,64742,362],{},": the item to search for",[165,64745,64746,64748],{},[15,64747,390],{},": where the search begins",[165,64750,64751,64753],{},[15,64752,396],{},": where the search stops",[165,64755,64756,4489,64758,64761],{},[15,64757,396],{},[565,64759,64760],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64763,64764,64765,64767,64768,32],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64766,390],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64769,396],{},[34,64771,557],{"id":556},[20,64773,64774,64776],{},[15,64775,64559],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64778,64779,64780,64783],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[565,64781,64782],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64785,182],{},[39,64787,64789],{"className":41,"code":64788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64790,64791,64811,64829,64833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64792,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64794,3321],{"class":54},[48,64796,59],{"class":58},[48,64798,3326],{"class":84},[48,64800,2031],{"class":488},[48,64802,365],{"class":84},[48,64804,7500],{"class":488},[48,64806,365],{"class":84},[48,64808,7505],{"class":488},[48,64810,3339],{"class":84},[48,64812,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64814,1929],{"class":54},[48,64816,59],{"class":58},[48,64818,3969],{"class":54},[48,64820,32],{"class":84},[48,64822,88],{"class":87},[48,64824,91],{"class":84},[48,64826,15470],{"class":488},[48,64828,102],{"class":84},[48,64830,64831],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,64832,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,64834,64835,64837,64839,64841],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,64836,109],{"class":108},[48,64838,91],{"class":84},[48,64840,1964],{"class":87},[48,64842,102],{"class":84},[20,64844,1037],{},[39,64846,64847],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,64848,64849],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64850,64851],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64852,46623],{"class":488},[20,64854,64855,64856,64858],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64857,17],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[34,64860,64862],{"id":64861},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64864,64865],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[39,64867,64869],{"className":41,"code":64868,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64870,64871,64903,64925,64929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64872,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64874,35949],{"class":54},[48,64876,59],{"class":58},[48,64878,3326],{"class":84},[48,64880,94],{"class":62},[48,64882,3785],{"class":66},[48,64884,94],{"class":62},[48,64886,365],{"class":84},[48,64888,63],{"class":62},[48,64890,198],{"class":66},[48,64892,94],{"class":62},[48,64894,365],{"class":84},[48,64896,63],{"class":62},[48,64898,3802],{"class":66},[48,64900,94],{"class":62},[48,64902,3339],{"class":84},[48,64904,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,64906,76],{"class":54},[48,64908,59],{"class":58},[48,64910,52551],{"class":54},[48,64912,32],{"class":84},[48,64914,88],{"class":87},[48,64916,91],{"class":84},[48,64918,94],{"class":62},[48,64920,3802],{"class":66},[48,64922,94],{"class":62},[48,64924,102],{"class":84},[48,64926,64927],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,64928,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,64930,64931,64933,64935,64937],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,64932,109],{"class":108},[48,64934,91],{"class":84},[48,64936,114],{"class":87},[48,64938,102],{"class":84},[20,64940,1037],{},[39,64942,64943],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,64944,64945],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,64946,64947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,64948,16773],{"class":488},[20,64950,64951],{},"In this list:",[162,64953,64954,64961,64968],{},[165,64955,64956,64958,64959],{},[15,64957,57533],{}," is at index ",[15,64960,578],{},[165,64962,64963,64958,64966],{},[15,64964,64965],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64967,272],{},[165,64969,64970,64958,64973],{},[15,64971,64972],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64974,280],{},[20,64976,53352,64977,1572,64980,32],{},[15,64978,64979],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64981,280],{},[20,64983,51244,64984,32],{},[224,64985,64987],{"href":64986},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[34,64989,64991],{"id":64990},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64993,64994,64995,64997],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64996,17],{}," returns the first match only.",[39,64999,65001],{"className":41,"code":65000,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65002,65003,65043,65047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65004,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65006,12789],{"class":54},[48,65008,59],{"class":58},[48,65010,3326],{"class":84},[48,65012,94],{"class":62},[48,65014,12806],{"class":66},[48,65016,94],{"class":62},[48,65018,365],{"class":84},[48,65020,63],{"class":62},[48,65022,12823],{"class":66},[48,65024,94],{"class":62},[48,65026,365],{"class":84},[48,65028,63],{"class":62},[48,65030,12806],{"class":66},[48,65032,94],{"class":62},[48,65034,365],{"class":84},[48,65036,63],{"class":62},[48,65038,17173],{"class":66},[48,65040,94],{"class":62},[48,65042,3339],{"class":84},[48,65044,65045],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65046,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,65048,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65050,109],{"class":108},[48,65052,91],{"class":84},[48,65054,17220],{"class":87},[48,65056,32],{"class":84},[48,65058,88],{"class":87},[48,65060,91],{"class":84},[48,65062,94],{"class":62},[48,65064,12806],{"class":66},[48,65066,94],{"class":62},[48,65068,1034],{"class":84},[20,65070,1037],{},[39,65072,65073],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,65074,65075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65076,65077],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65078,46958],{"class":488},[20,65080,741,65081,65084,65085,65087],{},[15,65082,65083],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65086,578],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65089,65090,65091,32],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[224,65092,55219,65093,754],{"href":58725},[15,65094,56990],{},[34,65096,758,65097,500,65099],{"id":757},[15,65098,390],{},[15,65100,396],{},[20,65102,65103,65104,500,65106,65108],{},"The optional ",[15,65105,390],{},[15,65107,396],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[39,65110,65112],{"className":41,"code":65111,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65113,65114,65162,65166,65191,65220],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65115,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156,65158,65160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65117,35800],{"class":54},[48,65119,59],{"class":58},[48,65121,3326],{"class":84},[48,65123,94],{"class":62},[48,65125,224],{"class":66},[48,65127,94],{"class":62},[48,65129,365],{"class":84},[48,65131,63],{"class":62},[48,65133,4466],{"class":66},[48,65135,94],{"class":62},[48,65137,365],{"class":84},[48,65139,63],{"class":62},[48,65141,632],{"class":66},[48,65143,94],{"class":62},[48,65145,365],{"class":84},[48,65147,63],{"class":62},[48,65149,4466],{"class":66},[48,65151,94],{"class":62},[48,65153,365],{"class":84},[48,65155,63],{"class":62},[48,65157,18485],{"class":66},[48,65159,94],{"class":62},[48,65161,3339],{"class":84},[48,65163,65164],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65165,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,65167,65168,65170,65172,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65169,109],{"class":108},[48,65171,91],{"class":84},[48,65173,35853],{"class":87},[48,65175,32],{"class":84},[48,65177,88],{"class":87},[48,65179,91],{"class":84},[48,65181,94],{"class":62},[48,65183,4466],{"class":66},[48,65185,94],{"class":62},[48,65187,229],{"class":84},[48,65189,65190],{"class":129},"        # first match\n",[48,65192,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,65194,109],{"class":108},[48,65196,91],{"class":84},[48,65198,35853],{"class":87},[48,65200,32],{"class":84},[48,65202,88],{"class":87},[48,65204,91],{"class":84},[48,65206,94],{"class":62},[48,65208,4466],{"class":66},[48,65210,94],{"class":62},[48,65212,365],{"class":84},[48,65214,489],{"class":488},[48,65216,229],{"class":84},[48,65218,65219],{"class":129},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[48,65221,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,65223,109],{"class":108},[48,65225,91],{"class":84},[48,65227,35853],{"class":87},[48,65229,32],{"class":84},[48,65231,88],{"class":87},[48,65233,91],{"class":84},[48,65235,94],{"class":62},[48,65237,4466],{"class":66},[48,65239,94],{"class":62},[48,65241,365],{"class":84},[48,65243,5204],{"class":488},[48,65245,365],{"class":84},[48,65247,878],{"class":488},[48,65249,229],{"class":84},[48,65251,65252],{"class":129},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65254,1037],{},[39,65256,65258],{"className":41,"code":65257,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65259,65260,65264,65268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65261,65262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65263,46623],{"class":488},[48,65265,65266],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65267,46323],{"class":488},[48,65269,65270],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65271,46623],{"class":488},[20,65273,65274],{},"How this works:",[162,65276,65277,65288,65301],{},[165,65278,65279,65282,65283,894,65286],{},[15,65280,65281],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65284,65285],{},"\"b\"",[15,65287,272],{},[165,65289,65290,65293,65294,65296,65297,894,65299],{},[15,65291,65292],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65295,280],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65298,65285],{},[15,65300,1764],{},[165,65302,65303,65306,65307,1888,65309,16789,65311],{},[15,65304,65305],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65308,272],{},[15,65310,280],{},[15,65312,1764],{},[20,65314,65315],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[34,65317,65319],{"id":65318},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65321,65322,65323,32],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65324,31],{},[20,65326,182],{},[39,65328,65330],{"className":41,"code":65329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65331,65332,65364],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65333,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346,65348,65350,65352,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65335,7489],{"class":54},[48,65337,59],{"class":58},[48,65339,3326],{"class":84},[48,65341,94],{"class":62},[48,65343,3785],{"class":66},[48,65345,94],{"class":62},[48,65347,365],{"class":84},[48,65349,63],{"class":62},[48,65351,198],{"class":66},[48,65353,94],{"class":62},[48,65355,365],{"class":84},[48,65357,63],{"class":62},[48,65359,3802],{"class":66},[48,65361,94],{"class":62},[48,65363,3339],{"class":84},[48,65365,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65380,65382,65384],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65367,109],{"class":108},[48,65369,91],{"class":84},[48,65371,7520],{"class":87},[48,65373,32],{"class":84},[48,65375,88],{"class":87},[48,65377,91],{"class":84},[48,65379,94],{"class":62},[48,65381,32933],{"class":66},[48,65383,94],{"class":62},[48,65385,1034],{"class":84},[20,65387,39363,65388,65391],{},[15,65389,65390],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65393,65394],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[39,65396,65398],{"className":41,"code":65397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65399,65400,65432,65445,65449,65462,65481,65487],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65401,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428,65430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65403,7489],{"class":54},[48,65405,59],{"class":58},[48,65407,3326],{"class":84},[48,65409,94],{"class":62},[48,65411,3785],{"class":66},[48,65413,94],{"class":62},[48,65415,365],{"class":84},[48,65417,63],{"class":62},[48,65419,198],{"class":66},[48,65421,94],{"class":62},[48,65423,365],{"class":84},[48,65425,63],{"class":62},[48,65427,3802],{"class":66},[48,65429,94],{"class":62},[48,65431,3339],{"class":84},[48,65433,65434,65437,65439,65441,65443],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65435,65436],{"class":54},"search_value ",[48,65438,59],{"class":58},[48,65440,63],{"class":62},[48,65442,32933],{"class":66},[48,65444,70],{"class":62},[48,65446,65447],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65448,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,65450,65451,65453,65456,65458,65460],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,65452,6705],{"class":1107},[48,65454,65455],{"class":54}," search_value ",[48,65457,3587],{"class":58},[48,65459,5673],{"class":54},[48,65461,1110],{"class":84},[48,65463,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65479],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,65465,1138],{"class":108},[48,65467,91],{"class":84},[48,65469,7520],{"class":87},[48,65471,32],{"class":84},[48,65473,88],{"class":87},[48,65475,91],{"class":84},[48,65477,65478],{"class":87},"search_value",[48,65480,1034],{"class":84},[48,65482,65483,65485],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,65484,27150],{"class":1107},[48,65486,1110],{"class":84},[48,65488,65489,65491,65493,65495,65498,65500],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,65490,1138],{"class":108},[48,65492,91],{"class":84},[48,65494,94],{"class":62},[48,65496,65497],{"class":66},"Item not found",[48,65499,94],{"class":62},[48,65501,102],{"class":84},[20,65503,1037],{},[39,65505,65507],{"className":41,"code":65506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Item not found\n",[15,65508,65509],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65510,65511,65514,65516],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65512,65513],{"class":54},"Item ",[48,65515,1055],{"class":58},[48,65517,1058],{"class":54},[20,65519,65520],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65522,65523,65524,32],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[224,65525,65527],{"href":65526},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[34,65529,4225],{"id":4224},[20,65531,20927,65532,503],{},[15,65533,64559],{},[162,65535,65536,65553,65565,65625],{},[165,65537,25490,65538,1572,65540,65542,65543,65545,65546,4868,65548,65550,65551,32],{},[15,65539,17],{},[15,65541,1071],{}," if the item is missing",[9558,65544],{},"\nPython does ",[565,65547,1055],{},[15,65549,1071],{},". It raises ",[15,65552,31],{},[165,65554,65555,65556,65558,65561,65562,65564],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9558,65557],{},[15,65559,65560],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65563,64965],{},", not the value itself.",[165,65566,758,65567,10804,65570,65572,65574,65575,16372,65577,65600,16360,65602],{},[15,65568,65569],{},"index[]",[15,65571,17],{},[9558,65573],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9558,65576],{},[39,65578,65580],{"className":41,"code":65579,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65581,65582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65583,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65585,7520],{"class":54},[48,65587,32],{"class":84},[48,65589,88],{"class":87},[48,65591,91],{"class":84},[48,65593,94],{"class":62},[48,65595,198],{"class":66},[48,65597,94],{"class":62},[48,65599,102],{"class":84},[9558,65601],{},[39,65603,65605],{"className":41,"code":65604,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65606,65607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65608,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65610,7520],{"class":54},[48,65612,32],{"class":84},[48,65614,88],{"class":24466},[48,65616,3605],{"class":84},[48,65618,94],{"class":62},[48,65620,198],{"class":66},[48,65622,94],{"class":62},[48,65624,3339],{"class":84},[165,65626,65627,65628,65630,500,65633,65635,65636],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9558,65629],{},[15,65631,65632],{},"\"3\"",[15,65634,1764],{}," are different values in Python.",[39,65637,65639],{"className":41,"code":65638,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65640,65641,65661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65642,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65644,3321],{"class":54},[48,65646,59],{"class":58},[48,65648,3326],{"class":84},[48,65650,272],{"class":488},[48,65652,365],{"class":84},[48,65654,489],{"class":488},[48,65656,365],{"class":84},[48,65658,2152],{"class":488},[48,65660,3339],{"class":84},[48,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65664,109],{"class":108},[48,65666,91],{"class":84},[48,65668,94],{"class":62},[48,65670,1764],{"class":66},[48,65672,94],{"class":62},[48,65674,20889],{"class":1107},[48,65676,3969],{"class":87},[48,65678,3366],{"class":84},[48,65680,4477],{"class":129},[20,65682,65683],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[39,65685,65687],{"className":41,"code":65686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65688,65689,65699,65713,65727],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65690,65691,65693,65695,65697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65692,109],{"class":108},[48,65694,91],{"class":84},[48,65696,8050],{"class":87},[48,65698,102],{"class":84},[48,65700,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65702,109],{"class":108},[48,65704,91],{"class":84},[48,65706,2921],{"class":1047},[48,65708,91],{"class":84},[48,65710,65478],{"class":87},[48,65712,1034],{"class":84},[48,65714,65715,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65716,109],{"class":108},[48,65718,91],{"class":84},[48,65720,65436],{"class":87},[48,65722,3587],{"class":1107},[48,65724,8107],{"class":87},[48,65726,102],{"class":84},[48,65728,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,65730,109],{"class":108},[48,65732,91],{"class":84},[48,65734,8050],{"class":87},[48,65736,32],{"class":84},[48,65738,88],{"class":87},[48,65740,91],{"class":84},[48,65742,65478],{"class":87},[48,65744,1034],{"class":84},[20,65746,65747],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65749,65750],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[162,65752,65753,65756,65763,65769],{},[165,65754,65755],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[165,65757,65758,65759,10804,65761],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65760,65632],{},[15,65762,1764],{},[165,65764,65765,65766,65768],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65767,17],{}," returns only the first one",[165,65770,65771],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[34,65773,4667,65775],{"id":65774},"when-to-use-index",[15,65776,17],{},[20,65778,139,65779,10313],{},[15,65780,17],{},[162,65782,65783,65786,65789],{},[165,65784,65785],{},"You need the position of a known value",[165,65787,65788],{},"You are working with a small list",[165,65790,65791],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65793,65794],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[34,65796,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,65798,4849,65800,4852],{"id":65799},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65801,64559],{},[20,65803,65804],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1200,65806,12418,65808,4868,65810,65812],{"id":65807},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65809,64559],{},[15,65811,1071],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65814,65815,65816,1575],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65817,31],{},[1200,65819,1579,65821,65823],{"id":65820},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65822,64559],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65825,65826],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1200,65828,65830,65831,1564],{"id":65829},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65832,17],{},[20,65834,65835,65836,500,65838,65840],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65837,390],{},[15,65839,396],{}," arguments.",[34,65842,1599],{"id":1598},[162,65844,65845,65849,65853,65857],{},[165,65846,65847],{},[224,65848,58655],{"href":64986},[165,65850,65851],{},[224,65852,52471],{"href":54269},[165,65854,65855],{},[224,65856,65527],{"href":65526},[165,65858,65859],{},[224,65860,55219,65861,754],{"href":58725},[15,65862,56990],{},[1633,65864,65865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":65867},[65868,65869,65871,65872,65873,65874,65875,65876,65877,65878,65880,65890],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":64654,"depth":73,"text":65870},"What list.index() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557},{"id":64861,"depth":73,"text":64862},{"id":64990,"depth":73,"text":64991},{"id":757,"depth":73,"text":1644},{"id":65318,"depth":73,"text":65319},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225},{"id":65774,"depth":73,"text":65879},"When to use index()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":65881},[65882,65884,65886,65888],{"id":65799,"depth":105,"text":65883},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65807,"depth":105,"text":65885},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65820,"depth":105,"text":65887},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65829,"depth":105,"text":65889},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64547,"description":65891},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65898,"title":65899,"body":65900,"description":67842,"extension":1666,"meta":67843,"navigation":122,"path":67844,"seo":67845,"stem":67846,"__hash__":67847},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65901,"toc":67802},[65902,65907,65912,65915,65924,65981,65987,65992,65996,66010,66016,66018,66041,66058,66060,66121,66123,66155,66168,66170,66173,66273,66275,66353,66359,66363,66371,66375,66381,66436,66438,66462,66466,66469,66522,66524,66548,66552,66555,66608,66610,66634,66638,66644,66715,66717,66758,66764,66771,66774,66779,66787,66792,66800,66802,66899,66901,66970,66977,66982,66984,66988,66993,66995,67066,67068,67097,67103,67105,67132,67135,67158,67162,67165,67187,67190,67213,67215,67275,67277,67309,67315,67320,67373,67375,67400,67403,67452,67454,67475,67479,67484,67487,67542,67544,67571,67578,67582,67587,67658,67661,67675,67680,67685,67687,67701,67713,67718,67720,67725,67730,67734,67737,67743,67749,67756,67764,67766,67799],[10,65903,54041,65905,18],{"id":65904},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65906,53967],{},[20,65908,65909,65911],{},[15,65910,53610],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65913,65914],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65916,139,65917,65919,65920,32],{},[15,65918,53967],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[224,65921,55219,65922,754],{"href":56468},[15,65923,52353],{},[39,65925,65927],{"className":41,"code":65926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65928,65929,65949,65967,65977],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,65932,3321],{"class":54},[48,65934,59],{"class":58},[48,65936,3326],{"class":84},[48,65938,272],{"class":488},[48,65940,365],{"class":84},[48,65942,489],{"class":488},[48,65944,365],{"class":84},[48,65946,878],{"class":488},[48,65948,3339],{"class":84},[48,65950,65951,65953,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,65952,3353],{"class":54},[48,65954,32],{"class":84},[48,65956,53650],{"class":87},[48,65958,91],{"class":84},[48,65960,280],{"class":488},[48,65962,365],{"class":84},[48,65964,2152],{"class":488},[48,65966,102],{"class":84},[48,65968,65969,65971,65973,65975],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,65970,109],{"class":108},[48,65972,91],{"class":84},[48,65974,3353],{"class":87},[48,65976,102],{"class":84},[48,65978,65979],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,65980,52423],{"class":129},[20,65982,139,65983,65986],{},[15,65984,65985],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[34,65988,148,65990,152],{"id":65989},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65991,53610],{},[20,65993,65994,503],{},[15,65995,53610],{},[162,65997,65998,66001,66004,66006],{},[165,65999,66000],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[165,66002,66003],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[165,66005,54127],{},[165,66007,1270,66008],{},[15,66009,3483],{},[20,66011,66012,66013,66015],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66014,53967],{}," does not create a new list.",[34,66017,5137],{"id":5136},[39,66019,66021],{"className":41,"code":66020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66022,66023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66024,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66026,8050],{"class":54},[48,66028,32],{"class":84},[48,66030,53650],{"class":87},[48,66032,91],{"class":84},[48,66034,88],{"class":87},[48,66036,365],{"class":84},[48,66038,29222],{"class":87},[48,66040,102],{"class":84},[162,66042,66043,66048,66053],{},[165,66044,66045,66047],{},[15,66046,88],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[165,66049,66050,66052],{},[15,66051,23026],{}," is the value to add",[165,66054,66055,66056],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66057,578],{},[20,66059,182],{},[39,66061,66063],{"className":41,"code":66062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66064,66065,66089,66111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66066,66067,66069,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66068,35800],{"class":54},[48,66070,59],{"class":58},[48,66072,3326],{"class":84},[48,66074,94],{"class":62},[48,66076,224],{"class":66},[48,66078,94],{"class":62},[48,66080,365],{"class":84},[48,66082,63],{"class":62},[48,66084,632],{"class":66},[48,66086,94],{"class":62},[48,66088,3339],{"class":84},[48,66090,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66092,35853],{"class":54},[48,66094,32],{"class":84},[48,66096,53650],{"class":87},[48,66098,91],{"class":84},[48,66100,272],{"class":488},[48,66102,365],{"class":84},[48,66104,63],{"class":62},[48,66106,4466],{"class":66},[48,66108,94],{"class":62},[48,66110,102],{"class":84},[48,66112,66113,66115,66117,66119],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66114,109],{"class":108},[48,66116,91],{"class":84},[48,66118,35853],{"class":87},[48,66120,102],{"class":84},[20,66122,1037],{},[39,66124,66125],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,66126,66127],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66128,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66130,3605],{"class":84},[48,66132,3001],{"class":62},[48,66134,224],{"class":66},[48,66136,3001],{"class":62},[48,66138,365],{"class":84},[48,66140,2996],{"class":62},[48,66142,4466],{"class":66},[48,66144,3001],{"class":62},[48,66146,365],{"class":84},[48,66148,2996],{"class":62},[48,66150,632],{"class":66},[48,66152,3001],{"class":62},[48,66154,3339],{"class":84},[20,66156,20487,66157,66159,66160,66162,66163,500,66165,32],{},[15,66158,65285],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66161,272],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66164,268],{},[15,66166,66167],{},"\"c\"",[34,66169,5494],{"id":5493},[20,66171,66172],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[39,66174,66176],{"className":41,"code":66175,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66177,66178,66210,66228,66232,66254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66181,12789],{"class":54},[48,66183,59],{"class":58},[48,66185,3326],{"class":84},[48,66187,94],{"class":62},[48,66189,12806],{"class":66},[48,66191,94],{"class":62},[48,66193,365],{"class":84},[48,66195,63],{"class":62},[48,66197,12823],{"class":66},[48,66199,94],{"class":62},[48,66201,365],{"class":84},[48,66203,63],{"class":62},[48,66205,17173],{"class":66},[48,66207,94],{"class":62},[48,66209,3339],{"class":84},[48,66211,66212,66214,66216,66218,66220,66222,66224,66226],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66213,109],{"class":108},[48,66215,91],{"class":84},[48,66217,94],{"class":62},[48,66219,11276],{"class":66},[48,66221,94],{"class":62},[48,66223,365],{"class":84},[48,66225,12837],{"class":87},[48,66227,102],{"class":84},[48,66229,66230],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66231,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,66233,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,66235,17220],{"class":54},[48,66237,32],{"class":84},[48,66239,53650],{"class":87},[48,66241,91],{"class":84},[48,66243,272],{"class":488},[48,66245,365],{"class":84},[48,66247,63],{"class":62},[48,66249,22239],{"class":66},[48,66251,94],{"class":62},[48,66253,102],{"class":84},[48,66255,66256,66258,66260,66262,66265,66267,66269,66271],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,66257,109],{"class":108},[48,66259,91],{"class":84},[48,66261,94],{"class":62},[48,66263,66264],{"class":66},"After: ",[48,66266,94],{"class":62},[48,66268,365],{"class":84},[48,66270,12837],{"class":87},[48,66272,102],{"class":84},[20,66274,1037],{},[39,66276,66278],{"className":41,"code":66277,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66279,66280,66312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66281,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66283,11336],{"class":54},[48,66285,503],{"class":84},[48,66287,3326],{"class":84},[48,66289,3001],{"class":62},[48,66291,12806],{"class":66},[48,66293,3001],{"class":62},[48,66295,365],{"class":84},[48,66297,2996],{"class":62},[48,66299,12823],{"class":66},[48,66301,3001],{"class":62},[48,66303,365],{"class":84},[48,66305,2996],{"class":62},[48,66307,17173],{"class":66},[48,66309,3001],{"class":62},[48,66311,3339],{"class":84},[48,66313,66314,66316,66318,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66315,11389],{"class":54},[48,66317,503],{"class":84},[48,66319,66320],{"class":84},"  [",[48,66322,3001],{"class":62},[48,66324,12806],{"class":66},[48,66326,3001],{"class":62},[48,66328,365],{"class":84},[48,66330,2996],{"class":62},[48,66332,22239],{"class":66},[48,66334,3001],{"class":62},[48,66336,365],{"class":84},[48,66338,2996],{"class":62},[48,66340,12823],{"class":66},[48,66342,3001],{"class":62},[48,66344,365],{"class":84},[48,66346,2996],{"class":62},[48,66348,17173],{"class":66},[48,66350,3001],{"class":62},[48,66352,3339],{"class":84},[20,66354,66355,66356,66358],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66357,272],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[34,66360,66362],{"id":66361},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66364,765,66365,35041,66367,66370],{},[15,66366,88],{},[15,66368,66369],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1200,66372,66374],{"id":66373},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66376,66377,66378,66380],{},"Use index ",[15,66379,578],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[39,66382,66384],{"className":41,"code":66383,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66385,66386,66407,66426],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66387,66388,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66389,66390],{"class":54},"nums ",[48,66392,59],{"class":58},[48,66394,3326],{"class":84},[48,66396,280],{"class":488},[48,66398,365],{"class":84},[48,66400,2152],{"class":488},[48,66402,365],{"class":84},[48,66404,878],{"class":488},[48,66406,3339],{"class":84},[48,66408,66409,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66410,66411],{"class":54},"nums",[48,66413,32],{"class":84},[48,66415,53650],{"class":87},[48,66417,91],{"class":84},[48,66419,578],{"class":488},[48,66421,365],{"class":84},[48,66423,5204],{"class":488},[48,66425,102],{"class":84},[48,66427,66428,66430,66432,66434],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66429,109],{"class":108},[48,66431,91],{"class":84},[48,66433,66411],{"class":87},[48,66435,102],{"class":84},[20,66437,1037],{},[39,66439,66440],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,66441,66442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66443,66444,66446,66448,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66445,3605],{"class":84},[48,66447,272],{"class":488},[48,66449,365],{"class":84},[48,66451,489],{"class":488},[48,66453,365],{"class":84},[48,66455,2152],{"class":488},[48,66457,365],{"class":84},[48,66459,878],{"class":488},[48,66461,3339],{"class":84},[1200,66463,66465],{"id":66464},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66467,66468],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[39,66470,66472],{"className":41,"code":66471,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66473,66474,66494,66512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66475,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66477,66390],{"class":54},[48,66479,59],{"class":58},[48,66481,3326],{"class":84},[48,66483,272],{"class":488},[48,66485,365],{"class":84},[48,66487,489],{"class":488},[48,66489,365],{"class":84},[48,66491,878],{"class":488},[48,66493,3339],{"class":84},[48,66495,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506,66508,66510],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66497,66411],{"class":54},[48,66499,32],{"class":84},[48,66501,53650],{"class":87},[48,66503,91],{"class":84},[48,66505,280],{"class":488},[48,66507,365],{"class":84},[48,66509,2152],{"class":488},[48,66511,102],{"class":84},[48,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66515,109],{"class":108},[48,66517,91],{"class":84},[48,66519,66411],{"class":87},[48,66521,102],{"class":84},[20,66523,1037],{},[39,66525,66526],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,66527,66528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66529,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66531,3605],{"class":84},[48,66533,272],{"class":488},[48,66535,365],{"class":84},[48,66537,489],{"class":488},[48,66539,365],{"class":84},[48,66541,2152],{"class":488},[48,66543,365],{"class":84},[48,66545,878],{"class":488},[48,66547,3339],{"class":84},[1200,66549,66551],{"id":66550},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66553,66554],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[39,66556,66558],{"className":41,"code":66557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66559,66560,66580,66598],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66561,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66563,66390],{"class":54},[48,66565,59],{"class":58},[48,66567,3326],{"class":84},[48,66569,272],{"class":488},[48,66571,365],{"class":84},[48,66573,489],{"class":488},[48,66575,365],{"class":84},[48,66577,2152],{"class":488},[48,66579,3339],{"class":84},[48,66581,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66583,66411],{"class":54},[48,66585,32],{"class":84},[48,66587,53650],{"class":87},[48,66589,91],{"class":84},[48,66591,2031],{"class":488},[48,66593,365],{"class":84},[48,66595,878],{"class":488},[48,66597,102],{"class":84},[48,66599,66600,66602,66604,66606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66601,109],{"class":108},[48,66603,91],{"class":84},[48,66605,66411],{"class":87},[48,66607,102],{"class":84},[20,66609,1037],{},[39,66611,66612],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,66613,66614],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66615,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66617,3605],{"class":84},[48,66619,272],{"class":488},[48,66621,365],{"class":84},[48,66623,489],{"class":488},[48,66625,365],{"class":84},[48,66627,2152],{"class":488},[48,66629,365],{"class":84},[48,66631,878],{"class":488},[48,66633,3339],{"class":84},[1200,66635,66637],{"id":66636},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66639,66640,66641,66643],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66642,53967],{}," places the item before that position.",[39,66645,66647],{"className":41,"code":66646,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66648,66649,66681,66705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66650,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66652,35800],{"class":54},[48,66654,59],{"class":58},[48,66656,3326],{"class":84},[48,66658,94],{"class":62},[48,66660,224],{"class":66},[48,66662,94],{"class":62},[48,66664,365],{"class":84},[48,66666,63],{"class":62},[48,66668,4466],{"class":66},[48,66670,94],{"class":62},[48,66672,365],{"class":84},[48,66674,63],{"class":62},[48,66676,18485],{"class":66},[48,66678,94],{"class":62},[48,66680,3339],{"class":84},[48,66682,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66684,35853],{"class":54},[48,66686,32],{"class":84},[48,66688,53650],{"class":87},[48,66690,91],{"class":84},[48,66692,1724],{"class":58},[48,66694,272],{"class":488},[48,66696,365],{"class":84},[48,66698,63],{"class":62},[48,66700,632],{"class":66},[48,66702,94],{"class":62},[48,66704,102],{"class":84},[48,66706,66707,66709,66711,66713],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66708,109],{"class":108},[48,66710,91],{"class":84},[48,66712,35853],{"class":87},[48,66714,102],{"class":84},[20,66716,1037],{},[39,66718,66720],{"className":41,"code":66719,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66721,66722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66723,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66725,3605],{"class":84},[48,66727,3001],{"class":62},[48,66729,224],{"class":66},[48,66731,3001],{"class":62},[48,66733,365],{"class":84},[48,66735,2996],{"class":62},[48,66737,4466],{"class":66},[48,66739,3001],{"class":62},[48,66741,365],{"class":84},[48,66743,2996],{"class":62},[48,66745,632],{"class":66},[48,66747,3001],{"class":62},[48,66749,365],{"class":84},[48,66751,2996],{"class":62},[48,66753,18485],{"class":66},[48,66755,3001],{"class":62},[48,66757,3339],{"class":84},[20,66759,66760,66761,2004],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[224,66762,66763],{"href":50684},"Python lists beginner guide",[34,66765,66767,1188,66769],{"id":66766},"insert-vs-append",[15,66768,53967],{},[15,66770,52353],{},[20,66772,66773],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1200,66775,139,66777,10313],{"id":66776},"use-insert-when",[15,66778,53967],{},[162,66780,66781,66784],{},[165,66782,66783],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[165,66785,66786],{},"The order of the list matters",[1200,66788,139,66790,10313],{"id":66789},"use-append-when",[15,66791,52353],{},[162,66793,66794,66797],{},[165,66795,66796],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[165,66798,66799],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66801,182],{},[39,66803,66805],{"className":41,"code":66804,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66806,66807,66831,66835,66857,66867,66871,66889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66808,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66810,7489],{"class":54},[48,66812,59],{"class":58},[48,66814,3326],{"class":84},[48,66816,94],{"class":62},[48,66818,3785],{"class":66},[48,66820,94],{"class":62},[48,66822,365],{"class":84},[48,66824,63],{"class":62},[48,66826,32933],{"class":66},[48,66828,94],{"class":62},[48,66830,3339],{"class":84},[48,66832,66833],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66834,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,66836,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,66838,7520],{"class":54},[48,66840,32],{"class":84},[48,66842,53650],{"class":87},[48,66844,91],{"class":84},[48,66846,272],{"class":488},[48,66848,365],{"class":84},[48,66850,63],{"class":62},[48,66852,198],{"class":66},[48,66854,94],{"class":62},[48,66856,102],{"class":84},[48,66858,66859,66861,66863,66865],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,66860,109],{"class":108},[48,66862,91],{"class":84},[48,66864,7520],{"class":87},[48,66866,102],{"class":84},[48,66868,66869],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,66870,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,66872,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,66874,7520],{"class":54},[48,66876,32],{"class":84},[48,66878,13267],{"class":87},[48,66880,91],{"class":84},[48,66882,94],{"class":62},[48,66884,22248],{"class":66},[48,66886,94],{"class":62},[48,66888,102],{"class":84},[48,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,66892,109],{"class":108},[48,66894,91],{"class":84},[48,66896,7520],{"class":87},[48,66898,102],{"class":84},[20,66900,1037],{},[39,66902,66904],{"className":41,"code":66903,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66905,66906,66934],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,66907,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,66909,3605],{"class":84},[48,66911,3001],{"class":62},[48,66913,3785],{"class":66},[48,66915,3001],{"class":62},[48,66917,365],{"class":84},[48,66919,2996],{"class":62},[48,66921,198],{"class":66},[48,66923,3001],{"class":62},[48,66925,365],{"class":84},[48,66927,2996],{"class":62},[48,66929,32933],{"class":66},[48,66931,3001],{"class":62},[48,66933,3339],{"class":84},[48,66935,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,66937,3605],{"class":84},[48,66939,3001],{"class":62},[48,66941,3785],{"class":66},[48,66943,3001],{"class":62},[48,66945,365],{"class":84},[48,66947,2996],{"class":62},[48,66949,198],{"class":66},[48,66951,3001],{"class":62},[48,66953,365],{"class":84},[48,66955,2996],{"class":62},[48,66957,32933],{"class":66},[48,66959,3001],{"class":62},[48,66961,365],{"class":84},[48,66963,2996],{"class":62},[48,66965,22248],{"class":66},[48,66967,3001],{"class":62},[48,66969,3339],{"class":84},[20,66971,66972,66973,32],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[224,66974,55219,66975,754],{"href":56468},[15,66976,52353],{},[20,66978,66979,66980,32],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[224,66981,52749],{"href":52748},[34,66983,4225],{"id":4224},[20,66985,14448,66986,32],{},[15,66987,53967],{},[1200,66989,12308,66991],{"id":66990},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66992,53967],{},[20,66994,25406],{},[39,66996,66998],{"className":41,"code":66997,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66999,67000,67020,67042,67046,67056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67001,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67003,3321],{"class":54},[48,67005,59],{"class":58},[48,67007,3326],{"class":84},[48,67009,272],{"class":488},[48,67011,365],{"class":84},[48,67013,489],{"class":488},[48,67015,365],{"class":84},[48,67017,2152],{"class":488},[48,67019,3339],{"class":84},[48,67021,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034,67036,67038,67040],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67023,1929],{"class":54},[48,67025,59],{"class":58},[48,67027,3969],{"class":54},[48,67029,32],{"class":84},[48,67031,53650],{"class":87},[48,67033,91],{"class":84},[48,67035,272],{"class":488},[48,67037,365],{"class":84},[48,67039,9909],{"class":488},[48,67041,102],{"class":84},[48,67043,67044],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67045,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,67047,67048,67050,67052,67054],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,67049,109],{"class":108},[48,67051,91],{"class":84},[48,67053,1964],{"class":87},[48,67055,102],{"class":84},[48,67057,67058,67060,67062,67064],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,67059,109],{"class":108},[48,67061,91],{"class":84},[48,67063,3353],{"class":87},[48,67065,102],{"class":84},[20,67067,1037],{},[39,67069,67071],{"className":41,"code":67070,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67072,67073,67077],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67074,67075],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67076,11521],{"class":3556},[48,67078,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67080,3605],{"class":84},[48,67082,272],{"class":488},[48,67084,365],{"class":84},[48,67086,9909],{"class":488},[48,67088,365],{"class":84},[48,67090,489],{"class":488},[48,67092,365],{"class":84},[48,67094,2152],{"class":488},[48,67096,3339],{"class":84},[20,67098,67099,53852,67101,32],{},[15,67100,53967],{},[15,67102,3483],{},[20,67104,16360],{},[39,67106,67108],{"className":41,"code":67107,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67109,67110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67111,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67113,55589],{"class":54},[48,67115,59],{"class":58},[48,67117,3969],{"class":54},[48,67119,32],{"class":84},[48,67121,53650],{"class":87},[48,67123,91],{"class":84},[48,67125,272],{"class":488},[48,67127,365],{"class":84},[48,67129,9909],{"class":488},[48,67131,102],{"class":84},[20,67133,67134],{},"Right:",[39,67136,67138],{"className":41,"code":67137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67139,67140],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67141,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67143,3353],{"class":54},[48,67145,32],{"class":84},[48,67147,53650],{"class":87},[48,67149,91],{"class":84},[48,67151,272],{"class":488},[48,67153,365],{"class":84},[48,67155,9909],{"class":488},[48,67157,102],{"class":84},[1200,67159,67161],{"id":67160},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67163,67164],{},"The correct order is:",[39,67166,67167],{"className":41,"code":66020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67168,67169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67170,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67172,8050],{"class":54},[48,67174,32],{"class":84},[48,67176,53650],{"class":87},[48,67178,91],{"class":84},[48,67180,88],{"class":87},[48,67182,365],{"class":84},[48,67184,29222],{"class":87},[48,67186,102],{"class":84},[20,67188,67189],{},"Not:",[39,67191,67193],{"className":41,"code":67192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67194,67195],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67196,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67198,8050],{"class":54},[48,67200,32],{"class":84},[48,67202,53650],{"class":87},[48,67204,91],{"class":84},[48,67206,23026],{"class":87},[48,67208,365],{"class":84},[48,67210,35533],{"class":87},[48,67212,102],{"class":84},[20,67214,182],{},[39,67216,67217],{"className":41,"code":66062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67218,67219,67243,67265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67220,67221,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67222,35800],{"class":54},[48,67224,59],{"class":58},[48,67226,3326],{"class":84},[48,67228,94],{"class":62},[48,67230,224],{"class":66},[48,67232,94],{"class":62},[48,67234,365],{"class":84},[48,67236,63],{"class":62},[48,67238,632],{"class":66},[48,67240,94],{"class":62},[48,67242,3339],{"class":84},[48,67244,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67246,35853],{"class":54},[48,67248,32],{"class":84},[48,67250,53650],{"class":87},[48,67252,91],{"class":84},[48,67254,272],{"class":488},[48,67256,365],{"class":84},[48,67258,63],{"class":62},[48,67260,4466],{"class":66},[48,67262,94],{"class":62},[48,67264,102],{"class":84},[48,67266,67267,67269,67271,67273],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67268,109],{"class":108},[48,67270,91],{"class":84},[48,67272,35853],{"class":87},[48,67274,102],{"class":84},[20,67276,1037],{},[39,67278,67279],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67280,67281],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67284,3605],{"class":84},[48,67286,3001],{"class":62},[48,67288,224],{"class":66},[48,67290,3001],{"class":62},[48,67292,365],{"class":84},[48,67294,2996],{"class":62},[48,67296,4466],{"class":66},[48,67298,3001],{"class":62},[48,67300,365],{"class":84},[48,67302,2996],{"class":62},[48,67304,632],{"class":66},[48,67306,3001],{"class":62},[48,67308,3339],{"class":84},[1200,67310,1379,67312,67314],{"id":67311},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67313,53967],{}," to replace an item",[20,67316,67317,67319],{},[15,67318,53967],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[39,67321,67323],{"className":41,"code":67322,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67324,67325,67345,67363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67326,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67328,3321],{"class":54},[48,67330,59],{"class":58},[48,67332,3326],{"class":84},[48,67334,272],{"class":488},[48,67336,365],{"class":84},[48,67338,489],{"class":488},[48,67340,365],{"class":84},[48,67342,2152],{"class":488},[48,67344,3339],{"class":84},[48,67346,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67348,3353],{"class":54},[48,67350,32],{"class":84},[48,67352,53650],{"class":87},[48,67354,91],{"class":84},[48,67356,272],{"class":488},[48,67358,365],{"class":84},[48,67360,9909],{"class":488},[48,67362,102],{"class":84},[48,67364,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67366,109],{"class":108},[48,67368,91],{"class":84},[48,67370,3353],{"class":87},[48,67372,102],{"class":84},[20,67374,1037],{},[39,67376,67378],{"className":41,"code":67377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67379,67380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67383,3605],{"class":84},[48,67385,272],{"class":488},[48,67387,365],{"class":84},[48,67389,9909],{"class":488},[48,67391,365],{"class":84},[48,67393,489],{"class":488},[48,67395,365],{"class":84},[48,67397,2152],{"class":488},[48,67399,3339],{"class":84},[20,67401,67402],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[39,67404,67406],{"className":41,"code":67405,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67407,67408,67428,67442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67409,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67411,3321],{"class":54},[48,67413,59],{"class":58},[48,67415,3326],{"class":84},[48,67417,272],{"class":488},[48,67419,365],{"class":84},[48,67421,489],{"class":488},[48,67423,365],{"class":84},[48,67425,2152],{"class":488},[48,67427,3339],{"class":84},[48,67429,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67431,3353],{"class":54},[48,67433,3605],{"class":84},[48,67435,272],{"class":488},[48,67437,12987],{"class":84},[48,67439,12990],{"class":58},[48,67441,13845],{"class":488},[48,67443,67444,67446,67448,67450],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67445,109],{"class":108},[48,67447,91],{"class":84},[48,67449,3353],{"class":87},[48,67451,102],{"class":84},[20,67453,1037],{},[39,67455,67457],{"className":41,"code":67456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67458,67459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67460,67461,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67462,3605],{"class":84},[48,67464,272],{"class":488},[48,67466,365],{"class":84},[48,67468,9909],{"class":488},[48,67470,365],{"class":84},[48,67472,2152],{"class":488},[48,67474,3339],{"class":84},[1200,67476,67478],{"id":67477},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67480,67481,67483],{},[15,67482,53967],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67485,67486],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[39,67488,67490],{"className":41,"code":67489,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67491,67492,67508,67532],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67493,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67495,3321],{"class":54},[48,67497,59],{"class":58},[48,67499,3326],{"class":84},[48,67501,272],{"class":488},[48,67503,365],{"class":84},[48,67505,878],{"class":488},[48,67507,3339],{"class":84},[48,67509,67510,67512,67514,67516,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67511,3353],{"class":54},[48,67513,32],{"class":84},[48,67515,53650],{"class":87},[48,67517,91],{"class":84},[48,67519,272],{"class":488},[48,67521,365],{"class":84},[48,67523,3326],{"class":84},[48,67525,280],{"class":488},[48,67527,365],{"class":84},[48,67529,2152],{"class":488},[48,67531,3593],{"class":84},[48,67533,67534,67536,67538,67540],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67535,109],{"class":108},[48,67537,91],{"class":84},[48,67539,3353],{"class":87},[48,67541,102],{"class":84},[20,67543,1037],{},[39,67545,67547],{"className":41,"code":67546,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67548,67549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67550,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67552,3605],{"class":84},[48,67554,272],{"class":488},[48,67556,365],{"class":84},[48,67558,3326],{"class":84},[48,67560,280],{"class":488},[48,67562,365],{"class":84},[48,67564,2152],{"class":488},[48,67566,17780],{"class":84},[48,67568,878],{"class":488},[48,67570,3339],{"class":84},[20,67572,67573,67574,32],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[224,67575,55219,67576,754],{"href":53043},[15,67577,53145],{},[1200,67579,67581],{"id":67580},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67583,8586,67584,67586],{},[15,67585,53967],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[39,67588,67590],{"className":41,"code":67589,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67591,67592,67602,67616,67634,67648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67593,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67595,109],{"class":108},[48,67597,91],{"class":84},[48,67599,8050],{"class":87},[48,67601,102],{"class":84},[48,67603,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67605,109],{"class":108},[48,67607,91],{"class":84},[48,67609,10874],{"class":108},[48,67611,91],{"class":84},[48,67613,8050],{"class":87},[48,67615,1034],{"class":84},[48,67617,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67619,109],{"class":108},[48,67621,91],{"class":84},[48,67623,8050],{"class":87},[48,67625,32],{"class":84},[48,67627,53650],{"class":24466},[48,67629,32],{"class":84},[48,67631,34159],{"class":34166},[48,67633,102],{"class":84},[48,67635,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,67637,31864],{"class":108},[48,67639,91],{"class":84},[48,67641,7804],{"class":1047},[48,67643,32],{"class":84},[48,67645,53650],{"class":24466},[48,67647,102],{"class":84},[48,67649,67650,67652,67654,67656],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,67651,2921],{"class":1047},[48,67653,91],{"class":84},[48,67655,8050],{"class":87},[48,67657,102],{"class":84},[20,67659,67660],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[162,67662,67663,67666,67669,67672],{},[165,67664,67665],{},"What is currently in the list",[165,67667,67668],{},"How long the list is",[165,67670,67671],{},"That you are working with a real list",[165,67673,67674],{},"How Python describes the method",[34,67676,4667,67678],{"id":67677},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67679,53967],{},[20,67681,139,67682,67684],{},[15,67683,53967],{}," when position matters.",[20,67686,36136],{},[162,67688,67689,67692,67695,67698],{},[165,67690,67691],{},"Ordered menus",[165,67693,67694],{},"Rankings or score lists",[165,67696,67697],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[165,67699,67700],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67702,67703,67704,67706,67707,67709,67710,67712],{},"You usually do ",[565,67705,1055],{}," need ",[15,67708,53967],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67711,52353],{}," is simpler.",[20,67714,67715,67716,32],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[224,67717,56854],{"href":56853},[34,67719,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,67721,12418,67723,55168],{"id":67722},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67724,53610],{},[20,67726,67727,67728,32],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67729,3483],{},[1200,67731,67733],{"id":67732},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67735,67736],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1200,67738,1579,67740,67742],{"id":67739},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67741,53610],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67744,67745,67746,67748],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67747,53145],{}," or slicing.",[1200,67750,1559,67752,500,67754,1564],{"id":67751},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67753,53967],{},[15,67755,52353],{},[20,67757,67758,67760,67761,67763],{},[15,67759,53967],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67762,52353],{}," adds only at the end.",[34,67765,1599],{"id":1598},[162,67767,67768,67774,67780,67784,67788,67792],{},[165,67769,67770],{},[224,67771,55219,67772,754],{"href":56468},[15,67773,52353],{},[165,67775,67776],{},[224,67777,55219,67778,754],{"href":53043},[15,67779,53145],{},[165,67781,67782],{},[224,67783,53977],{"href":52748},[165,67785,67786],{},[224,67787,52471],{"href":50684},[165,67789,67790],{},[224,67791,56928],{"href":56853},[165,67793,67794],{},[224,67795,1629,67796,33346],{"href":53995},[15,67797,67798],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1633,67800,67801],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":67803},[67804,67806,67807,67808,67814,67821,67830,67832,67841],{"id":65989,"depth":73,"text":67805},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137},{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":66361,"depth":73,"text":66362,"children":67809},[67810,67811,67812,67813],{"id":66373,"depth":105,"text":66374},{"id":66464,"depth":105,"text":66465},{"id":66550,"depth":105,"text":66551},{"id":66636,"depth":105,"text":66637},{"id":66766,"depth":73,"text":67815,"children":67816},"insert() vs append()",[67817,67819],{"id":66776,"depth":105,"text":67818},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66789,"depth":105,"text":67820},"Use append() when:",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":67822},[67823,67825,67826,67828,67829],{"id":66990,"depth":105,"text":67824},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67160,"depth":105,"text":67161},{"id":67311,"depth":105,"text":67827},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67477,"depth":105,"text":67478},{"id":67580,"depth":105,"text":67581},{"id":67677,"depth":73,"text":67831},"When to use insert()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":67833},[67834,67836,67837,67839],{"id":67722,"depth":105,"text":67835},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67732,"depth":105,"text":67733},{"id":67739,"depth":105,"text":67838},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67751,"depth":105,"text":67840},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65899,"description":67842},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67849,"title":67850,"body":67851,"description":69406,"extension":1666,"meta":69407,"navigation":122,"path":58671,"seo":69408,"stem":69409,"__hash__":69410},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67852,"toc":69379},[67853,67859,67868,67917,67919,67927,67933,67935,67953,67959,67964,67967,67970,67985,67987,68039,68041,68049,68057,68064,68066,68072,68137,68139,68147,68149,68168,68171,68222,68226,68231,68258,68260,68268,68271,68340,68342,68357,68363,68367,68376,68379,68434,68436,68444,68447,68449,68494,68496,68504,68510,68512,68520,68523,68525,68564,68566,68605,68610,68612,68614,68649,68652,68654,68692,68696,68702,68704,68755,68757,68765,68772,68775,68796,68799,68854,68865,68867,68928,68930,68939,68946,68952,68955,68958,69015,69018,69031,69038,69044,69050,69052,69065,69068,69165,69167,69184,69187,69269,69271,69293,69300,69306,69308,69312,69318,69324,69329,69333,69336,69342,69349,69351,69376],[10,67854,67856,67857,3366],{"id":67855},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67858,10874],{},[20,67860,67861,67862,67864,67865,67867],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67863,42068],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67866,42068],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[39,67869,67871],{"className":41,"code":67870,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67872,67873,67893,67907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67874,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67876,3321],{"class":54},[48,67878,59],{"class":58},[48,67880,3326],{"class":84},[48,67882,2031],{"class":488},[48,67884,365],{"class":84},[48,67886,7500],{"class":488},[48,67888,365],{"class":84},[48,67890,7505],{"class":488},[48,67892,3339],{"class":84},[48,67894,67895,67897,67899,67901,67903,67905],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,67896,40951],{"class":54},[48,67898,59],{"class":58},[48,67900,38095],{"class":108},[48,67902,91],{"class":84},[48,67904,3353],{"class":87},[48,67906,102],{"class":84},[48,67908,67909,67911,67913,67915],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,67910,109],{"class":108},[48,67912,91],{"class":84},[48,67914,40969],{"class":87},[48,67916,102],{"class":84},[20,67918,1037],{},[39,67920,67921],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,67922,67923],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67924,67925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67926,46323],{"class":488},[20,67928,139,67929,67932],{},[15,67930,67931],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[34,67934,14878],{"id":14877},[162,67936,67937,67942,67947,67950],{},[165,67938,3904,67939,67941],{},[15,67940,42068],{}," works with Python lists",[165,67943,67944,67945,11418],{},"What value ",[15,67946,42068],{},[165,67948,67949],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[165,67951,67952],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[34,67954,148,67956,67958],{"id":67955},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67957,42068],{}," returns for a list",[20,67960,67961,64776],{},[15,67962,67963],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67965,67966],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67968,67969],{},"A few important points:",[162,67971,67972,67975,67980],{},[165,67973,67974],{},"It counts list items",[165,67976,40615,67977,67979],{},[565,67978,1055],{}," count characters inside a string item",[165,67981,67982,67983],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67984,578],{},[20,67986,182],{},[39,67988,67990],{"className":41,"code":67989,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67991,67992,68025],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,67993,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,67995,3776],{"class":54},[48,67997,59],{"class":58},[48,67999,3326],{"class":84},[48,68001,94],{"class":62},[48,68003,607],{"class":66},[48,68005,94],{"class":62},[48,68007,365],{"class":84},[48,68009,63],{"class":62},[48,68011,68012],{"class":66},"elephant",[48,68014,94],{"class":62},[48,68016,365],{"class":84},[48,68018,63],{"class":62},[48,68020,57827],{"class":66},[48,68022,94],{"class":62},[48,68024,3339],{"class":84},[48,68026,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68028,109],{"class":108},[48,68030,91],{"class":84},[48,68032,10874],{"class":108},[48,68034,91],{"class":84},[48,68036,3819],{"class":87},[48,68038,1034],{"class":84},[20,68040,1037],{},[39,68042,68043],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68044,68045],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68046,68047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68048,46323],{"class":488},[20,68050,741,68051,68054,68055,64783],{},[15,68052,68053],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[565,68056,52357],{},[20,68058,68059,68060,32],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[224,68061,3277,68062,3210],{"href":42065},[15,68063,42068],{},[34,68065,5494],{"id":5493},[20,68067,68068,68069,68071],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68070,42068],{},", and print the result.",[39,68073,68075],{"className":41,"code":68074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68076,68077,68109,68123,68127],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68078,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68080,12789],{"class":54},[48,68082,59],{"class":58},[48,68084,3326],{"class":84},[48,68086,94],{"class":62},[48,68088,12806],{"class":66},[48,68090,94],{"class":62},[48,68092,365],{"class":84},[48,68094,63],{"class":62},[48,68096,17173],{"class":66},[48,68098,94],{"class":62},[48,68100,365],{"class":84},[48,68102,63],{"class":62},[48,68104,12823],{"class":66},[48,68106,94],{"class":62},[48,68108,3339],{"class":84},[48,68110,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68112,40951],{"class":54},[48,68114,59],{"class":58},[48,68116,38095],{"class":108},[48,68118,91],{"class":84},[48,68120,17220],{"class":87},[48,68122,102],{"class":84},[48,68124,68125],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,68126,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,68128,68129,68131,68133,68135],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,68130,109],{"class":108},[48,68132,91],{"class":84},[48,68134,40969],{"class":87},[48,68136,102],{"class":84},[20,68138,1037],{},[39,68140,68141],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68142,68143],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68144,68145],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68146,46323],{"class":488},[20,68148,11396],{},[162,68150,68151,68156,68163],{},[165,68152,68153,68155],{},[15,68154,17220],{}," is a list with 3 items",[165,68157,68158,1572,68161],{},[15,68159,68160],{},"len(colors)",[15,68162,1764],{},[165,68164,68165,68166],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68167,40969],{},[20,68169,68170],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[39,68172,68174],{"className":41,"code":68173,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68175,68176,68208],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68177,68178,68180,68182,68184,68186,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68179,12789],{"class":54},[48,68181,59],{"class":58},[48,68183,3326],{"class":84},[48,68185,94],{"class":62},[48,68187,12806],{"class":66},[48,68189,94],{"class":62},[48,68191,365],{"class":84},[48,68193,63],{"class":62},[48,68195,17173],{"class":66},[48,68197,94],{"class":62},[48,68199,365],{"class":84},[48,68201,63],{"class":62},[48,68203,12823],{"class":66},[48,68205,94],{"class":62},[48,68207,3339],{"class":84},[48,68209,68210,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68211,109],{"class":108},[48,68213,91],{"class":84},[48,68215,10874],{"class":108},[48,68217,91],{"class":84},[48,68219,17220],{"class":87},[48,68221,1034],{"class":84},[34,68223,68225],{"id":68224},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68227,68228,68229,32],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68230,578],{},[39,68232,68234],{"className":41,"code":68233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68235,68236,68244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68237,68238,68240,68242],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68239,7489],{"class":54},[48,68241,59],{"class":58},[48,68243,7549],{"class":84},[48,68245,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68247,109],{"class":108},[48,68249,91],{"class":84},[48,68251,10874],{"class":108},[48,68253,91],{"class":84},[48,68255,7520],{"class":87},[48,68257,1034],{"class":84},[20,68259,1037],{},[39,68261,68262],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68263,68264],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68265,68266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68267,46958],{"class":488},[20,68269,68270],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[39,68272,68274],{"className":41,"code":68273,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68275,68276,68284,68288,68306,68320,68326],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68277,68278,68280,68282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68279,7489],{"class":54},[48,68281,59],{"class":58},[48,68283,7549],{"class":84},[48,68285,68286],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68287,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,68289,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,68291,6705],{"class":1107},[48,68293,38095],{"class":108},[48,68295,91],{"class":84},[48,68297,7520],{"class":87},[48,68299,3366],{"class":84},[48,68301,38105],{"class":58},[48,68303,961],{"class":488},[48,68305,1110],{"class":84},[48,68307,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316,68318],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,68309,1138],{"class":108},[48,68311,91],{"class":84},[48,68313,7520],{"class":87},[48,68315,3605],{"class":84},[48,68317,578],{"class":488},[48,68319,3593],{"class":84},[48,68321,68322,68324],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,68323,27150],{"class":1107},[48,68325,1110],{"class":84},[48,68327,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,68329,1138],{"class":108},[48,68331,91],{"class":84},[48,68333,94],{"class":62},[48,68335,51517],{"class":66},[48,68337,94],{"class":62},[48,68339,102],{"class":84},[20,68341,1037],{},[39,68343,68345],{"className":41,"code":68344,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The list is empty\n",[15,68346,68347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68348,68349,68351,68353,68355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68350,765],{"class":54},[48,68352,7804],{"class":1047},[48,68354,7807],{"class":58},[48,68356,7813],{"class":54},[20,68358,68359,68360,68362],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[224,68361,52471],{"href":50684}," is a good next step.",[34,68364,68366],{"id":68365},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68368,68369,68371,68372,68375],{},[15,68370,42068],{}," counts only the ",[565,68373,68374],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68377,68378],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[39,68380,68382],{"className":41,"code":68381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68383,68384,68420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68385,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68387,8877],{"class":54},[48,68389,59],{"class":58},[48,68391,55993],{"class":84},[48,68393,272],{"class":488},[48,68395,365],{"class":84},[48,68397,489],{"class":488},[48,68399,17780],{"class":84},[48,68401,3326],{"class":84},[48,68403,1764],{"class":488},[48,68405,365],{"class":84},[48,68407,878],{"class":488},[48,68409,17780],{"class":84},[48,68411,3326],{"class":84},[48,68413,1837],{"class":488},[48,68415,365],{"class":84},[48,68417,37354],{"class":488},[48,68419,52942],{"class":84},[48,68421,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68423,109],{"class":108},[48,68425,91],{"class":84},[48,68427,10874],{"class":108},[48,68429,91],{"class":84},[48,68431,8916],{"class":87},[48,68433,1034],{"class":84},[20,68435,1037],{},[39,68437,68438],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68439,68440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68441,68442],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68443,46323],{"class":488},[20,68445,68446],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68448,51781],{},[39,68450,68452],{"className":41,"code":68451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68453,68454,68480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68455,68456,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68457,59171],{"class":54},[48,68459,59],{"class":58},[48,68461,3326],{"class":84},[48,68463,272],{"class":488},[48,68465,365],{"class":84},[48,68467,3326],{"class":84},[48,68469,280],{"class":488},[48,68471,365],{"class":84},[48,68473,2152],{"class":488},[48,68475,17780],{"class":84},[48,68477,878],{"class":488},[48,68479,3339],{"class":84},[48,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68483,109],{"class":108},[48,68485,91],{"class":84},[48,68487,10874],{"class":108},[48,68489,91],{"class":84},[48,68491,59224],{"class":87},[48,68493,1034],{"class":84},[20,68495,1037],{},[39,68497,68498],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68499,68500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68501,68502],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68503,46323],{"class":488},[20,68505,741,68506,68509],{},[15,68507,68508],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[34,68511,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,68513,758,68515,10804,68518],{"id":68514},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68516,68517],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68519,67963],{},[20,68521,68522],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68524,16360],{},[39,68526,68528],{"className":41,"code":68527,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68529,68530,68550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68531,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68533,3321],{"class":54},[48,68535,59],{"class":58},[48,68537,3326],{"class":84},[48,68539,2031],{"class":488},[48,68541,365],{"class":84},[48,68543,7500],{"class":488},[48,68545,365],{"class":84},[48,68547,7505],{"class":488},[48,68549,3339],{"class":84},[48,68551,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68553,109],{"class":108},[48,68555,91],{"class":84},[48,68557,3353],{"class":87},[48,68559,32],{"class":84},[48,68561,10874],{"class":87},[48,68563,6902],{"class":84},[20,68565,16372],{},[39,68567,68569],{"className":41,"code":68568,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68570,68571,68591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68572,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68574,3321],{"class":54},[48,68576,59],{"class":58},[48,68578,3326],{"class":84},[48,68580,2031],{"class":488},[48,68582,365],{"class":84},[48,68584,7500],{"class":488},[48,68586,365],{"class":84},[48,68588,7505],{"class":488},[48,68590,3339],{"class":84},[48,68592,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68594,109],{"class":108},[48,68596,91],{"class":84},[48,68598,10874],{"class":108},[48,68600,91],{"class":84},[48,68602,3353],{"class":87},[48,68604,1034],{"class":84},[20,68606,68607,68609],{},[15,68608,42068],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1200,68611,25403],{"id":25402},[20,68613,16360],{},[39,68615,68617],{"className":41,"code":68616,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68618,68619,68639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68620,68621,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68622,3321],{"class":54},[48,68624,59],{"class":58},[48,68626,3326],{"class":84},[48,68628,2031],{"class":488},[48,68630,365],{"class":84},[48,68632,7500],{"class":488},[48,68634,365],{"class":84},[48,68636,7505],{"class":488},[48,68638,3339],{"class":84},[48,68640,68641,68643,68645,68647],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68642,109],{"class":108},[48,68644,91],{"class":84},[48,68646,10874],{"class":108},[48,68648,102],{"class":84},[20,68650,68651],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68653,16372],{},[39,68655,68656],{"className":41,"code":68568,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68657,68658,68678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68659,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68661,3321],{"class":54},[48,68663,59],{"class":58},[48,68665,3326],{"class":84},[48,68667,2031],{"class":488},[48,68669,365],{"class":84},[48,68671,7500],{"class":488},[48,68673,365],{"class":84},[48,68675,7505],{"class":488},[48,68677,3339],{"class":84},[48,68679,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68681,109],{"class":108},[48,68683,91],{"class":84},[48,68685,10874],{"class":108},[48,68687,91],{"class":84},[48,68689,3353],{"class":87},[48,68691,1034],{"class":84},[1200,68693,68695],{"id":68694},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68697,68698,68699,68701],{},"The length of a list is ",[565,68700,1055],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68703,182],{},[39,68705,68707],{"className":41,"code":68706,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68708,68709,68741],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68710,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68712,35800],{"class":54},[48,68714,59],{"class":58},[48,68716,3326],{"class":84},[48,68718,94],{"class":62},[48,68720,224],{"class":66},[48,68722,94],{"class":62},[48,68724,365],{"class":84},[48,68726,63],{"class":62},[48,68728,4466],{"class":66},[48,68730,94],{"class":62},[48,68732,365],{"class":84},[48,68734,63],{"class":62},[48,68736,632],{"class":66},[48,68738,94],{"class":62},[48,68740,3339],{"class":84},[48,68742,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68744,109],{"class":108},[48,68746,91],{"class":84},[48,68748,10874],{"class":108},[48,68750,91],{"class":84},[48,68752,35853],{"class":87},[48,68754,1034],{"class":84},[20,68756,1037],{},[39,68758,68759],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,68760,68761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68762,68763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68764,46323],{"class":488},[20,68766,68767,68768,18681,68770,32],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68769,280],{},[15,68771,1764],{},[20,68773,68774],{},"Indexes are:",[162,68776,68777,68784,68790],{},[165,68778,68779,68781,68782],{},[15,68780,578],{}," for ",[15,68783,268],{},[165,68785,68786,68781,68788],{},[15,68787,272],{},[15,68789,65285],{},[165,68791,68792,68781,68794],{},[15,68793,280],{},[15,68795,66167],{},[20,68797,68798],{},"So this causes an error:",[39,68800,68802],{"className":41,"code":68801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68803,68804,68836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68805,68806,68808,68810,68812,68814,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68807,35800],{"class":54},[48,68809,59],{"class":58},[48,68811,3326],{"class":84},[48,68813,94],{"class":62},[48,68815,224],{"class":66},[48,68817,94],{"class":62},[48,68819,365],{"class":84},[48,68821,63],{"class":62},[48,68823,4466],{"class":66},[48,68825,94],{"class":62},[48,68827,365],{"class":84},[48,68829,63],{"class":62},[48,68831,632],{"class":66},[48,68833,94],{"class":62},[48,68835,3339],{"class":84},[48,68837,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68839,109],{"class":108},[48,68841,91],{"class":84},[48,68843,35853],{"class":87},[48,68845,3605],{"class":84},[48,68847,10874],{"class":108},[48,68849,91],{"class":84},[48,68851,35853],{"class":87},[48,68853,10391],{"class":84},[20,68855,8205,68856,4489,68859,68861,68862,68864],{},[15,68857,68858],{},"len(letters)",[15,68860,1764],{},", and index ",[15,68863,1764],{}," does not exist.",[20,68866,18558],{},[39,68868,68870],{"className":41,"code":68869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68871,68872,68904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68873,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68875,35800],{"class":54},[48,68877,59],{"class":58},[48,68879,3326],{"class":84},[48,68881,94],{"class":62},[48,68883,224],{"class":66},[48,68885,94],{"class":62},[48,68887,365],{"class":84},[48,68889,63],{"class":62},[48,68891,4466],{"class":66},[48,68893,94],{"class":62},[48,68895,365],{"class":84},[48,68897,63],{"class":62},[48,68899,632],{"class":66},[48,68901,94],{"class":62},[48,68903,3339],{"class":84},[48,68905,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924,68926],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68907,109],{"class":108},[48,68909,91],{"class":84},[48,68911,35853],{"class":87},[48,68913,3605],{"class":84},[48,68915,10874],{"class":108},[48,68917,91],{"class":84},[48,68919,35853],{"class":87},[48,68921,3366],{"class":84},[48,68923,1921],{"class":58},[48,68925,5204],{"class":488},[48,68927,3593],{"class":84},[20,68929,1037],{},[39,68931,68933],{"className":41,"code":68932,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"c\n",[15,68934,68935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68936,68937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68938,68932],{"class":54},[20,68940,68941,68942,32],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[224,68943,68945],{"href":68944},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1200,68947,758,68949,68951],{"id":68948},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68950,42068],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68953,68954],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68956,68957],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[39,68959,68961],{"className":41,"code":68960,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68962,68963,68973,68987,69001],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,68964,68965,68967,68969,68971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,68966,109],{"class":108},[48,68968,91],{"class":84},[48,68970,8050],{"class":87},[48,68972,102],{"class":84},[48,68974,68975,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,68976,109],{"class":108},[48,68978,91],{"class":84},[48,68980,10874],{"class":108},[48,68982,91],{"class":84},[48,68984,8050],{"class":87},[48,68986,1034],{"class":84},[48,68988,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,68990,109],{"class":108},[48,68992,91],{"class":84},[48,68994,2921],{"class":1047},[48,68996,91],{"class":84},[48,68998,8050],{"class":87},[48,69000,1034],{"class":84},[48,69002,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69004,109],{"class":108},[48,69006,91],{"class":84},[48,69008,8050],{"class":87},[48,69010,3605],{"class":84},[48,69012,578],{"class":488},[48,69014,3593],{"class":84},[20,69016,69017],{},"These help you verify:",[162,69019,69020,69023,69025,69028],{},[165,69021,69022],{},"what the variable contains",[165,69024,60480],{},[165,69026,69027],{},"whether it is really a list",[165,69029,69030],{},"what the first item is",[20,69032,69033,69034,69037],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69035,69036],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[34,69039,4667,69041,69043],{"id":69040},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69042,42068],{}," with lists",[20,69045,69046,69047,69049],{},"You will often use ",[15,69048,42068],{}," in real programs.",[20,69051,9086],{},[162,69053,69054,69056,69059,69062],{},[165,69055,51471],{},[165,69057,69058],{},"Control loops",[165,69060,69061],{},"Validate input or results",[165,69063,69064],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69066,69067],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[39,69069,69071],{"className":41,"code":69070,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69072,69073,69093,69109,69113,69127,69141],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69074,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69076,2253],{"class":54},[48,69078,59],{"class":58},[48,69080,3326],{"class":84},[48,69082,272],{"class":488},[48,69084,365],{"class":84},[48,69086,489],{"class":488},[48,69088,365],{"class":84},[48,69090,2152],{"class":488},[48,69092,3339],{"class":84},[48,69094,69095,69097,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69096,2281],{"class":54},[48,69098,59],{"class":58},[48,69100,3326],{"class":84},[48,69102,2031],{"class":488},[48,69104,365],{"class":84},[48,69106,7500],{"class":488},[48,69108,3339],{"class":84},[48,69110,69111],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69112,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69114,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69116,109],{"class":108},[48,69118,91],{"class":84},[48,69120,10874],{"class":108},[48,69122,91],{"class":84},[48,69124,224],{"class":87},[48,69126,1034],{"class":84},[48,69128,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,69130,109],{"class":108},[48,69132,91],{"class":84},[48,69134,10874],{"class":108},[48,69136,91],{"class":84},[48,69138,4466],{"class":87},[48,69140,1034],{"class":84},[48,69142,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,69144,109],{"class":108},[48,69146,91],{"class":84},[48,69148,10874],{"class":108},[48,69150,91],{"class":84},[48,69152,224],{"class":87},[48,69154,3366],{"class":84},[48,69156,38105],{"class":58},[48,69158,38095],{"class":108},[48,69160,91],{"class":84},[48,69162,4466],{"class":87},[48,69164,1034],{"class":84},[20,69166,1037],{},[39,69168,69170],{"className":41,"code":69169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69171,69172,69176,69180],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69173,69174],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69175,46323],{"class":488},[48,69177,69178],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69179,16773],{"class":488},[48,69181,69182],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69183,3685],{"class":3556},[20,69185,69186],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[39,69188,69190],{"className":41,"code":69189,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69191,69192,69224,69228,69250],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69193,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69195,4701],{"class":54},[48,69197,59],{"class":58},[48,69199,3326],{"class":84},[48,69201,94],{"class":62},[48,69203,12594],{"class":66},[48,69205,94],{"class":62},[48,69207,365],{"class":84},[48,69209,63],{"class":62},[48,69211,35652],{"class":66},[48,69213,94],{"class":62},[48,69215,365],{"class":84},[48,69217,63],{"class":62},[48,69219,35661],{"class":66},[48,69221,94],{"class":62},[48,69223,3339],{"class":84},[48,69225,69226],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69227,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69229,69230,69232,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69231,5665],{"class":1107},[48,69233,69234],{"class":54}," i ",[48,69236,3587],{"class":1107},[48,69238,53769],{"class":108},[48,69240,91],{"class":84},[48,69242,10874],{"class":108},[48,69244,91],{"class":84},[48,69246,4745],{"class":87},[48,69248,69249],{"class":84},")):\n",[48,69251,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69263,69265,69267],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69253,1138],{"class":108},[48,69255,91],{"class":84},[48,69257,35864],{"class":87},[48,69259,365],{"class":84},[48,69261,69262],{"class":87}," names",[48,69264,3605],{"class":84},[48,69266,35864],{"class":87},[48,69268,3593],{"class":84},[20,69270,1037],{},[39,69272,69273],{"className":41,"code":35710,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,69274,69275,69281,69287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69276,69277,69279],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69278,578],{"class":488},[48,69280,35719],{"class":54},[48,69282,69283,69285],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69284,272],{"class":488},[48,69286,35726],{"class":54},[48,69288,69289,69291],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69290,280],{"class":488},[48,69292,35733],{"class":54},[20,69294,69295,69296,32],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[224,69297,69299],{"href":69298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69301,69302,69303,69305],{},"You can also read ",[224,69304,51248],{"href":51247}," for a task-focused guide.",[34,69307,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,69309,69311],{"id":69310},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69313,139,69314,69317],{},[15,69315,69316],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1200,69319,4849,69321,1543],{"id":69320},"what-does-len-return",[15,69322,69323],{},"len([])",[20,69325,4855,69326,69328],{},[15,69327,578],{}," because the list is empty.",[1200,69330,69332],{"id":69331},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69334,69335],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1200,69337,28044,69339,69341],{"id":69338},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69340,68517],{}," in Python?",[20,69343,29983,69344,7933,69346,69348],{},[15,69345,67963],{},[15,69347,42068],{}," is a built-in function.",[34,69350,1599],{"id":1598},[162,69352,69353,69359,69363,69367,69371],{},[165,69354,69355],{},[224,69356,3277,69357,3210],{"href":42065},[15,69358,42068],{},[165,69360,69361],{},[224,69362,52291],{"href":51247},[165,69364,69365],{},[224,69366,52471],{"href":50684},[165,69368,69369],{},[224,69370,68945],{"href":68944},[165,69372,69373],{},[224,69374,69375],{"href":69298},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1633,69377,69378],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":69380},[69381,69382,69384,69385,69386,69387,69395,69397,69405],{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":67955,"depth":73,"text":69383},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":68224,"depth":73,"text":68225},{"id":68365,"depth":73,"text":68366},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":69388},[69389,69391,69392,69393],{"id":68514,"depth":105,"text":69390},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25402,"depth":105,"text":25403},{"id":68694,"depth":105,"text":68695},{"id":68948,"depth":105,"text":69394},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69040,"depth":73,"text":69396},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":69398},[69399,69400,69402,69403],{"id":69310,"depth":105,"text":69311},{"id":69320,"depth":105,"text":69401},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69331,"depth":105,"text":69332},{"id":69338,"depth":105,"text":69404},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67850,"description":69406},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69412,"title":69413,"body":69414,"description":71396,"extension":1666,"meta":71397,"navigation":122,"path":71398,"seo":71399,"stem":71400,"__hash__":71401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69415,"toc":71369},[69416,69419,69424,69427,69435,69448,69450,69515,69517,69539,69544,69548,69553,69561,69563,69573,69575,69656,69658,69688,69690,69709,69714,69731,69733,69817,69819,69849,69854,69858,69864,69948,69950,69980,69983,69987,69990,70081,70083,70121,70124,70209,70211,70241,70247,70254,70258,70263,70272,70274,70359,70361,70390,70393,70401,70405,70409,70418,70441,70443,70465,70467,70481,70483,70543,70547,70552,70591,70593,70610,70612,70622,70721,70726,70730,70735,70778,70780,70808,70810,70824,70899,70901,70923,70927,70930,70935,70946,70951,70959,70962,71033,71035,71060,71117,71119,71140,71149,71157,71162,71164,71169,71190,71193,71268,71271,71285,71292,71294,71298,71304,71308,71318,71322,71329,71333,71339,71341,71366],[10,69417,69413],{"id":69418},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69420,69421,69423],{},[15,69422,54781],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69425,69426],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[162,69428,69429,69432],{},[165,69430,69431],{},"delete an item from a list",[165,69433,69434],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69436,69437,69438,69440,69441,8415,69443,69447],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69439,12476],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69442,12476],{},[224,69444,69445],{"href":54771},[15,69446,55228],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[34,69449,37],{"id":36},[39,69451,69453],{"className":41,"code":69452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69454,69455,69475,69490,69494,69505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69456,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471,69473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69458,3321],{"class":54},[48,69460,59],{"class":58},[48,69462,3326],{"class":84},[48,69464,2031],{"class":488},[48,69466,365],{"class":84},[48,69468,7500],{"class":488},[48,69470,365],{"class":84},[48,69472,7505],{"class":488},[48,69474,3339],{"class":84},[48,69476,69477,69480,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69478,69479],{"class":54},"last_item ",[48,69481,59],{"class":58},[48,69483,3969],{"class":54},[48,69485,32],{"class":84},[48,69487,25957],{"class":87},[48,69489,8353],{"class":84},[48,69491,69492],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69493,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69495,69496,69498,69500,69503],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69497,109],{"class":108},[48,69499,91],{"class":84},[48,69501,69502],{"class":87},"last_item",[48,69504,102],{"class":84},[48,69506,69507,69509,69511,69513],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,69508,109],{"class":108},[48,69510,91],{"class":84},[48,69512,3353],{"class":87},[48,69514,102],{"class":84},[20,69516,1037],{},[39,69518,69520],{"className":41,"code":69519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69521,69522,69527],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69523,69524],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69525,69526],{"class":488},"30\n",[48,69528,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69530,3605],{"class":84},[48,69532,2031],{"class":488},[48,69534,365],{"class":84},[48,69536,7500],{"class":488},[48,69538,3339],{"class":84},[20,69540,139,69541,69543],{},[15,69542,12476],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[34,69545,69547],{"id":69546},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69549,69550,69552],{},[15,69551,12476],{}," has two main jobs:",[162,69554,69555,69558],{},[165,69556,69557],{},"It removes one item from a list",[165,69559,69560],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69562,43357],{},[162,69564,69565,69568,69571],{},[165,69566,69567],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[165,69569,69570],{},"It changes the original list",[165,69572,52445],{},[20,69574,182],{},[39,69576,69578],{"className":41,"code":69577,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69579,69580,69612,69616,69631,69635,69646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69581,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69583,12789],{"class":54},[48,69585,59],{"class":58},[48,69587,3326],{"class":84},[48,69589,94],{"class":62},[48,69591,12806],{"class":66},[48,69593,94],{"class":62},[48,69595,365],{"class":84},[48,69597,63],{"class":62},[48,69599,17173],{"class":66},[48,69601,94],{"class":62},[48,69603,365],{"class":84},[48,69605,63],{"class":62},[48,69607,12823],{"class":66},[48,69609,94],{"class":62},[48,69611,3339],{"class":84},[48,69613,69614],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69615,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69617,69618,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69619,69620],{"class":54},"removed ",[48,69622,59],{"class":58},[48,69624,12837],{"class":54},[48,69626,32],{"class":84},[48,69628,25957],{"class":87},[48,69630,8353],{"class":84},[48,69632,69633],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69634,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69636,69637,69639,69641,69644],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,69638,109],{"class":108},[48,69640,91],{"class":84},[48,69642,69643],{"class":87},"removed",[48,69645,102],{"class":84},[48,69647,69648,69650,69652,69654],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,69649,109],{"class":108},[48,69651,91],{"class":84},[48,69653,17220],{"class":87},[48,69655,102],{"class":84},[20,69657,1037],{},[39,69659,69661],{"className":41,"code":69660,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69662,69663,69668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69664,69665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69666,69667],{"class":54},"blue\n",[48,69669,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69671,3605],{"class":84},[48,69673,3001],{"class":62},[48,69675,12806],{"class":66},[48,69677,3001],{"class":62},[48,69679,365],{"class":84},[48,69681,2996],{"class":62},[48,69683,17173],{"class":66},[48,69685,3001],{"class":62},[48,69687,3339],{"class":84},[34,69689,340],{"id":339},[39,69691,69693],{"className":41,"code":69692,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69694,69695],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69696,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69698,7804],{"class":1047},[48,69700,32],{"class":84},[48,69702,25957],{"class":87},[48,69704,2684],{"class":84},[48,69706,88],{"class":87},[48,69708,3593],{"class":84},[20,69710,765,69711,69713],{},[15,69712,88],{}," is optional.",[162,69715,69716,69722,69728],{},[165,69717,69718,69719,69721],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69720,12476],{}," removes the last item",[165,69723,69724,69725,69727],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69726,12476],{}," removes the item at that position",[165,69729,69730],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69732,182],{},[39,69734,69736],{"className":41,"code":69735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69737,69738,69770,69774,69793,69797,69807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69739,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69741,35800],{"class":54},[48,69743,59],{"class":58},[48,69745,3326],{"class":84},[48,69747,94],{"class":62},[48,69749,224],{"class":66},[48,69751,94],{"class":62},[48,69753,365],{"class":84},[48,69755,63],{"class":62},[48,69757,4466],{"class":66},[48,69759,94],{"class":62},[48,69761,365],{"class":84},[48,69763,63],{"class":62},[48,69765,632],{"class":66},[48,69767,94],{"class":62},[48,69769,3339],{"class":84},[48,69771,69772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69775,69776,69778,69780,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69777,28254],{"class":54},[48,69779,59],{"class":58},[48,69781,69782],{"class":54}," letters",[48,69784,32],{"class":84},[48,69786,25957],{"class":87},[48,69788,91],{"class":84},[48,69790,272],{"class":488},[48,69792,102],{"class":84},[48,69794,69795],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69796,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69798,69799,69801,69803,69805],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,69800,109],{"class":108},[48,69802,91],{"class":84},[48,69804,23026],{"class":87},[48,69806,102],{"class":84},[48,69808,69809,69811,69813,69815],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,69810,109],{"class":108},[48,69812,91],{"class":84},[48,69814,35853],{"class":87},[48,69816,102],{"class":84},[20,69818,1037],{},[39,69820,69822],{"className":41,"code":69821,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69823,69824,69829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69825,69826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69827,69828],{"class":54},"b\n",[48,69830,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69832,3605],{"class":84},[48,69834,3001],{"class":62},[48,69836,224],{"class":66},[48,69838,3001],{"class":62},[48,69840,365],{"class":84},[48,69842,2996],{"class":62},[48,69844,632],{"class":66},[48,69846,3001],{"class":62},[48,69848,3339],{"class":84},[20,69850,69851,69852,32],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[224,69853,52471],{"href":50684},[34,69855,69857],{"id":69856},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69859,69860,69861,69863],{},"When you call ",[15,69862,12476],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[39,69865,69867],{"className":41,"code":69866,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69868,69869,69904,69908,69923,69927,69938],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69870,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69882,69884,69886,69888,69891,69893,69895,69897,69900,69902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69872,29611],{"class":54},[48,69874,59],{"class":58},[48,69876,3326],{"class":84},[48,69878,94],{"class":62},[48,69880,69881],{"class":66},"write",[48,69883,94],{"class":62},[48,69885,365],{"class":84},[48,69887,63],{"class":62},[48,69889,69890],{"class":66},"test",[48,69892,94],{"class":62},[48,69894,365],{"class":84},[48,69896,63],{"class":62},[48,69898,69899],{"class":66},"submit",[48,69901,94],{"class":62},[48,69903,3339],{"class":84},[48,69905,69906],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69907,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69909,69910,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,69911,69912],{"class":54},"last_task ",[48,69914,59],{"class":58},[48,69916,29688],{"class":54},[48,69918,32],{"class":84},[48,69920,25957],{"class":87},[48,69922,8353],{"class":84},[48,69924,69925],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,69926,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,69928,69929,69931,69933,69936],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,69930,109],{"class":108},[48,69932,91],{"class":84},[48,69934,69935],{"class":87},"last_task",[48,69937,102],{"class":84},[48,69939,69940,69942,69944,69946],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,69941,109],{"class":108},[48,69943,91],{"class":84},[48,69945,36216],{"class":87},[48,69947,102],{"class":84},[20,69949,1037],{},[39,69951,69953],{"className":41,"code":69952,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69954,69955,69960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69956,69957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69958,69959],{"class":54},"submit\n",[48,69961,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,69963,3605],{"class":84},[48,69965,3001],{"class":62},[48,69967,69881],{"class":66},[48,69969,3001],{"class":62},[48,69971,365],{"class":84},[48,69973,2996],{"class":62},[48,69975,69890],{"class":66},[48,69977,3001],{"class":62},[48,69979,3339],{"class":84},[20,69981,69982],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[34,69984,69986],{"id":69985},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69988,69989],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[39,69991,69993],{"className":41,"code":69992,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69994,69995,70035,70039,70057,70061,70071],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,69996,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027,70029,70031,70033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,69998,35949],{"class":54},[48,70000,59],{"class":58},[48,70002,3326],{"class":84},[48,70004,94],{"class":62},[48,70006,3785],{"class":66},[48,70008,94],{"class":62},[48,70010,365],{"class":84},[48,70012,63],{"class":62},[48,70014,198],{"class":66},[48,70016,94],{"class":62},[48,70018,365],{"class":84},[48,70020,63],{"class":62},[48,70022,3802],{"class":66},[48,70024,94],{"class":62},[48,70026,365],{"class":84},[48,70028,63],{"class":62},[48,70030,32933],{"class":66},[48,70032,94],{"class":62},[48,70034,3339],{"class":84},[48,70036,70037],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70038,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70040,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70042,69620],{"class":54},[48,70044,59],{"class":58},[48,70046,52551],{"class":54},[48,70048,32],{"class":84},[48,70050,25957],{"class":87},[48,70052,91],{"class":84},[48,70054,272],{"class":488},[48,70056,102],{"class":84},[48,70058,70059],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70060,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70062,70063,70065,70067,70069],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70064,109],{"class":108},[48,70066,91],{"class":84},[48,70068,69643],{"class":87},[48,70070,102],{"class":84},[48,70072,70073,70075,70077,70079],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,70074,109],{"class":108},[48,70076,91],{"class":84},[48,70078,36001],{"class":87},[48,70080,102],{"class":84},[20,70082,1037],{},[39,70084,70086],{"className":41,"code":70085,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70087,70088,70093],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70089,70090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70091,70092],{"class":54},"banana\n",[48,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113,70115,70117,70119],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70096,3605],{"class":84},[48,70098,3001],{"class":62},[48,70100,3785],{"class":66},[48,70102,3001],{"class":62},[48,70104,365],{"class":84},[48,70106,2996],{"class":62},[48,70108,3802],{"class":66},[48,70110,3001],{"class":62},[48,70112,365],{"class":84},[48,70114,2996],{"class":62},[48,70116,32933],{"class":66},[48,70118,3001],{"class":62},[48,70120,3339],{"class":84},[20,70122,70123],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[39,70125,70127],{"className":41,"code":70126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70128,70129,70161,70165,70185,70189,70199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70130,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70132,35949],{"class":54},[48,70134,59],{"class":58},[48,70136,3326],{"class":84},[48,70138,94],{"class":62},[48,70140,3785],{"class":66},[48,70142,94],{"class":62},[48,70144,365],{"class":84},[48,70146,63],{"class":62},[48,70148,198],{"class":66},[48,70150,94],{"class":62},[48,70152,365],{"class":84},[48,70154,63],{"class":62},[48,70156,3802],{"class":66},[48,70158,94],{"class":62},[48,70160,3339],{"class":84},[48,70162,70163],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70164,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70166,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70168,69620],{"class":54},[48,70170,59],{"class":58},[48,70172,52551],{"class":54},[48,70174,32],{"class":84},[48,70176,25957],{"class":87},[48,70178,91],{"class":84},[48,70180,1724],{"class":58},[48,70182,272],{"class":488},[48,70184,102],{"class":84},[48,70186,70187],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70188,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70190,70191,70193,70195,70197],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70192,109],{"class":108},[48,70194,91],{"class":84},[48,70196,69643],{"class":87},[48,70198,102],{"class":84},[48,70200,70201,70203,70205,70207],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,70202,109],{"class":108},[48,70204,91],{"class":84},[48,70206,36001],{"class":87},[48,70208,102],{"class":84},[20,70210,1037],{},[39,70212,70214],{"className":41,"code":70213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70215,70216,70221],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70217,70218],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70219,70220],{"class":54},"cherry\n",[48,70222,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70224,3605],{"class":84},[48,70226,3001],{"class":62},[48,70228,3785],{"class":66},[48,70230,3001],{"class":62},[48,70232,365],{"class":84},[48,70234,2996],{"class":62},[48,70236,198],{"class":66},[48,70238,3001],{"class":62},[48,70240,3339],{"class":84},[20,70242,70243,70244,70246],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70245,1071],{}," means the last item.",[20,70248,70249,70250,32],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[224,70251,70252,754],{"href":58664},[15,70253,64559],{},[34,70255,70257],{"id":70256},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70259,70260,70262],{},[15,70261,12476],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70264,70265,70266,500,70268,32],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70267,12476],{},[224,70269,70270],{"href":54771},[15,70271,55228],{},[20,70273,182],{},[39,70275,70277],{"className":41,"code":70276,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70278,70279,70311,70315,70334,70338,70349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70280,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70282,4701],{"class":54},[48,70284,59],{"class":58},[48,70286,3326],{"class":84},[48,70288,94],{"class":62},[48,70290,12594],{"class":66},[48,70292,94],{"class":62},[48,70294,365],{"class":84},[48,70296,63],{"class":62},[48,70298,35652],{"class":66},[48,70300,94],{"class":62},[48,70302,365],{"class":84},[48,70304,63],{"class":62},[48,70306,35661],{"class":66},[48,70308,94],{"class":62},[48,70310,3339],{"class":84},[48,70312,70313],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70314,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70316,70317,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70318,70319],{"class":54},"removed_name ",[48,70321,59],{"class":58},[48,70323,69262],{"class":54},[48,70325,32],{"class":84},[48,70327,25957],{"class":87},[48,70329,91],{"class":84},[48,70331,578],{"class":488},[48,70333,102],{"class":84},[48,70335,70336],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70337,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70339,70340,70342,70344,70347],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70341,109],{"class":108},[48,70343,91],{"class":84},[48,70345,70346],{"class":87},"removed_name",[48,70348,102],{"class":84},[48,70350,70351,70353,70355,70357],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,70352,109],{"class":108},[48,70354,91],{"class":84},[48,70356,4745],{"class":87},[48,70358,102],{"class":84},[20,70360,1037],{},[39,70362,70364],{"className":41,"code":70363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70365,70366,70370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70367,70368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70369,49747],{"class":54},[48,70371,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70373,3605],{"class":84},[48,70375,3001],{"class":62},[48,70377,35652],{"class":66},[48,70379,3001],{"class":62},[48,70381,365],{"class":84},[48,70383,2996],{"class":62},[48,70385,35661],{"class":66},[48,70387,3001],{"class":62},[48,70389,3339],{"class":84},[20,70391,70392],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70394,70395,70396,70398,70399,32],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70397,55228],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70400,3483],{},[34,70402,70404],{"id":70403},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1200,70406,70408],{"id":70407},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70410,70411,70412,70414,70415,32],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70413,12476],{}," raises an ",[15,70416,70417],{},"IndexError",[39,70419,70421],{"className":41,"code":70420,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70422,70423,70431],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70424,70425,70427,70429],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70426,7489],{"class":54},[48,70428,59],{"class":58},[48,70430,7549],{"class":84},[48,70432,70433,70435,70437,70439],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70434,7520],{"class":54},[48,70436,32],{"class":84},[48,70438,25957],{"class":87},[48,70440,8353],{"class":84},[20,70442,1037],{},[39,70444,70446],{"className":41,"code":70445,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70447,70448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70449,70450,70452,70454,70457,70460,70463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70451,70417],{"class":1047},[48,70453,503],{"class":84},[48,70455,70456],{"class":54}," pop ",[48,70458,70459],{"class":1107},"from",[48,70461,70462],{"class":54}," empty ",[48,70464,49593],{"class":1047},[20,70466,38971],{},[162,70468,70469,70474],{},[165,70470,70471,70472],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70473,12476],{},[165,70475,70476,70477,500,70479],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70478,1078],{},[15,70480,1081],{},[20,70482,182],{},[39,70484,70486],{"className":41,"code":70485,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70487,70488,70496,70500,70508,70522,70528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70489,70490,70492,70494],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70491,7489],{"class":54},[48,70493,59],{"class":58},[48,70495,7549],{"class":84},[48,70497,70498],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70499,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70501,70502,70504,70506],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70503,6705],{"class":1107},[48,70505,5673],{"class":54},[48,70507,1110],{"class":84},[48,70509,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70511,1138],{"class":108},[48,70513,91],{"class":84},[48,70515,7520],{"class":87},[48,70517,32],{"class":84},[48,70519,25957],{"class":87},[48,70521,6902],{"class":84},[48,70523,70524,70526],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70525,27150],{"class":1107},[48,70527,1110],{"class":84},[48,70529,70530,70532,70534,70536,70539,70541],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,70531,1138],{"class":108},[48,70533,91],{"class":84},[48,70535,94],{"class":62},[48,70537,70538],{"class":66},"The list is empty.",[48,70540,94],{"class":62},[48,70542,102],{"class":84},[1200,70544,70546],{"id":70545},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70548,70549,70550,32],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70551,70417],{},[39,70553,70555],{"className":41,"code":70554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70556,70557,70577],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70558,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70560,3321],{"class":54},[48,70562,59],{"class":58},[48,70564,3326],{"class":84},[48,70566,2031],{"class":488},[48,70568,365],{"class":84},[48,70570,7500],{"class":488},[48,70572,365],{"class":84},[48,70574,7505],{"class":488},[48,70576,3339],{"class":84},[48,70578,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70580,3353],{"class":54},[48,70582,32],{"class":84},[48,70584,25957],{"class":87},[48,70586,91],{"class":84},[48,70588,1837],{"class":488},[48,70590,102],{"class":84},[20,70592,1037],{},[39,70594,70596],{"className":41,"code":70595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70597,70598],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70599,70600,70602,70604,70607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70601,70417],{"class":1047},[48,70603,503],{"class":84},[48,70605,70606],{"class":54}," pop index out of ",[48,70608,70609],{"class":108},"range\n",[20,70611,38971],{},[162,70613,70614,70619],{},[165,70615,70616,70617],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70618,42068],{},[165,70620,70621],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[39,70623,70625],{"className":41,"code":70624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70626,70627,70647,70656,70660,70682,70700,70706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70628,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70630,3321],{"class":54},[48,70632,59],{"class":58},[48,70634,3326],{"class":84},[48,70636,2031],{"class":488},[48,70638,365],{"class":84},[48,70640,7500],{"class":488},[48,70642,365],{"class":84},[48,70644,7505],{"class":488},[48,70646,3339],{"class":84},[48,70648,70649,70652,70654],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70650,70651],{"class":54},"index ",[48,70653,59],{"class":58},[48,70655,45296],{"class":488},[48,70657,70658],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70659,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70661,70662,70664,70666,70669,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70663,6705],{"class":1107},[48,70665,961],{"class":488},[48,70667,70668],{"class":58}," \u003C=",[48,70670,70671],{"class":54}," index ",[48,70673,2990],{"class":58},[48,70675,38095],{"class":108},[48,70677,91],{"class":84},[48,70679,3353],{"class":87},[48,70681,8053],{"class":84},[48,70683,70684,70686,70688,70690,70692,70694,70696,70698],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70685,1138],{"class":108},[48,70687,91],{"class":84},[48,70689,3353],{"class":87},[48,70691,32],{"class":84},[48,70693,25957],{"class":87},[48,70695,91],{"class":84},[48,70697,88],{"class":87},[48,70699,1034],{"class":84},[48,70701,70702,70704],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,70703,27150],{"class":1107},[48,70705,1110],{"class":84},[48,70707,70708,70710,70712,70714,70717,70719],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,70709,1138],{"class":108},[48,70711,91],{"class":84},[48,70713,94],{"class":62},[48,70715,70716],{"class":66},"Index is out of range.",[48,70718,94],{"class":62},[48,70720,102],{"class":84},[20,70722,70723,70724,32],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[224,70725,68945],{"href":68944},[1200,70727,70729],{"id":70728},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70731,70732,70734],{},[15,70733,12476],{}," expects an integer index.",[39,70736,70738],{"className":41,"code":70737,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70739,70740,70760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70741,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70743,3321],{"class":54},[48,70745,59],{"class":58},[48,70747,3326],{"class":84},[48,70749,2031],{"class":488},[48,70751,365],{"class":84},[48,70753,7500],{"class":488},[48,70755,365],{"class":84},[48,70757,7505],{"class":488},[48,70759,3339],{"class":84},[48,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70763,3353],{"class":54},[48,70765,32],{"class":84},[48,70767,25957],{"class":87},[48,70769,91],{"class":84},[48,70771,94],{"class":62},[48,70773,272],{"class":66},[48,70775,94],{"class":62},[48,70777,102],{"class":84},[20,70779,1037],{},[39,70781,70783],{"className":41,"code":70782,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70784,70785],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70786,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70802,70805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70788,2703],{"class":1047},[48,70790,503],{"class":84},[48,70792,2996],{"class":62},[48,70794,3144],{"class":66},[48,70796,3001],{"class":62},[48,70798,24333],{"class":1047},[48,70800,70801],{"class":54}," cannot be interpreted ",[48,70803,70804],{"class":1107},"as",[48,70806,70807],{"class":54}," an integer\n",[20,70809,38971],{},[162,70811,70812,70821],{},[165,70813,70814,70815,1888,70817,1892,70819],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70816,578],{},[15,70818,272],{},[15,70820,1071],{},[165,70822,70823],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[39,70825,70827],{"className":41,"code":70826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70828,70829,70849,70867,70871,70889],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70830,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70832,3321],{"class":54},[48,70834,59],{"class":58},[48,70836,3326],{"class":84},[48,70838,2031],{"class":488},[48,70840,365],{"class":84},[48,70842,7500],{"class":488},[48,70844,365],{"class":84},[48,70846,7505],{"class":488},[48,70848,3339],{"class":84},[48,70850,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861,70863,70865],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70852,70651],{"class":54},[48,70854,59],{"class":58},[48,70856,44983],{"class":1047},[48,70858,91],{"class":84},[48,70860,94],{"class":62},[48,70862,272],{"class":66},[48,70864,94],{"class":62},[48,70866,102],{"class":84},[48,70868,70869],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70870,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70872,70873,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,70874,109],{"class":108},[48,70876,91],{"class":84},[48,70878,3353],{"class":87},[48,70880,32],{"class":84},[48,70882,25957],{"class":87},[48,70884,91],{"class":84},[48,70886,88],{"class":87},[48,70888,1034],{"class":84},[48,70890,70891,70893,70895,70897],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,70892,109],{"class":108},[48,70894,91],{"class":84},[48,70896,3353],{"class":87},[48,70898,102],{"class":84},[20,70900,1037],{},[39,70902,70904],{"className":41,"code":70903,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70905,70906,70911],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70907,70908],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70909,70910],{"class":488},"20\n",[48,70912,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70914,3605],{"class":84},[48,70916,2031],{"class":488},[48,70918,365],{"class":84},[48,70920,7505],{"class":488},[48,70922,3339],{"class":84},[34,70924,70926],{"id":70925},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70928,70929],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1200,70931,139,70933,10313],{"id":70932},"use-pop-when",[15,70934,12476],{},[162,70936,70937,70940,70943],{},[165,70938,70939],{},"you want to remove by index",[165,70941,70942],{},"you want the removed item returned",[165,70944,70945],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1200,70947,139,70949,10313],{"id":70948},"use-remove-when",[15,70950,55228],{},[162,70952,70953,70956],{},[165,70954,70955],{},"you want to remove by value",[165,70957,70958],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70960,70961],{},"Compare these examples:",[39,70963,70965],{"className":41,"code":70964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70966,70967,70991,70995,71013,71023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,70968,70969,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,70970,3321],{"class":54},[48,70972,59],{"class":58},[48,70974,3326],{"class":84},[48,70976,2031],{"class":488},[48,70978,365],{"class":84},[48,70980,7500],{"class":488},[48,70982,365],{"class":84},[48,70984,7505],{"class":488},[48,70986,365],{"class":84},[48,70988,7500],{"class":488},[48,70990,3339],{"class":84},[48,70992,70993],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,70994,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,70996,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,70998,69620],{"class":54},[48,71000,59],{"class":58},[48,71002,3969],{"class":54},[48,71004,32],{"class":84},[48,71006,25957],{"class":87},[48,71008,91],{"class":84},[48,71010,272],{"class":488},[48,71012,102],{"class":84},[48,71014,71015,71017,71019,71021],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,71016,109],{"class":108},[48,71018,91],{"class":84},[48,71020,69643],{"class":87},[48,71022,102],{"class":84},[48,71024,71025,71027,71029,71031],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,71026,109],{"class":108},[48,71028,91],{"class":84},[48,71030,3353],{"class":87},[48,71032,102],{"class":84},[20,71034,1037],{},[39,71036,71038],{"className":41,"code":71037,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71039,71040,71044],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71041,71042],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71043,70910],{"class":488},[48,71045,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71047,3605],{"class":84},[48,71049,2031],{"class":488},[48,71051,365],{"class":84},[48,71053,7505],{"class":488},[48,71055,365],{"class":84},[48,71057,7500],{"class":488},[48,71059,3339],{"class":84},[39,71061,71063],{"className":41,"code":71062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71064,71065,71089,71093,71107],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71066,71067,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71068,3321],{"class":54},[48,71070,59],{"class":58},[48,71072,3326],{"class":84},[48,71074,2031],{"class":488},[48,71076,365],{"class":84},[48,71078,7500],{"class":488},[48,71080,365],{"class":84},[48,71082,7505],{"class":488},[48,71084,365],{"class":84},[48,71086,7500],{"class":488},[48,71088,3339],{"class":84},[48,71090,71091],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71092,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,71094,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103,71105],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71096,3353],{"class":54},[48,71098,32],{"class":84},[48,71100,34506],{"class":87},[48,71102,91],{"class":84},[48,71104,15470],{"class":488},[48,71106,102],{"class":84},[48,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,71110,109],{"class":108},[48,71112,91],{"class":84},[48,71114,3353],{"class":87},[48,71116,102],{"class":84},[20,71118,1037],{},[39,71120,71122],{"className":41,"code":71121,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71123,71124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71125,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71127,3605],{"class":84},[48,71129,2031],{"class":488},[48,71131,365],{"class":84},[48,71133,7505],{"class":488},[48,71135,365],{"class":84},[48,71137,7500],{"class":488},[48,71139,3339],{"class":84},[20,71141,71142,71143,71146,71147,32],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71144,71145],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71148,272],{},[20,71150,56304,71151,71154,71155,32],{},[15,71152,71153],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71156,15470],{},[20,71158,71159,71160,32],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[224,71161,54767],{"href":54766},[34,71163,1366],{"id":1365},[20,71165,71166,71167,503],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71168,12476],{},[162,71170,71171,71174,71177,71183,71187],{},[165,71172,71173],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[165,71175,71176],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[165,71178,36914,71179,8415,71181],{},[15,71180,12476],{},[15,71182,55228],{},[165,71184,1379,71185,61667],{},[15,71186,12476],{},[165,71188,71189],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71191,71192],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[39,71194,71196],{"className":41,"code":71195,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71197,71198,71208,71222,71236,71254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71199,71200,71202,71204,71206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71201,109],{"class":108},[48,71203,91],{"class":84},[48,71205,8050],{"class":87},[48,71207,102],{"class":84},[48,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71211,109],{"class":108},[48,71213,91],{"class":84},[48,71215,10874],{"class":108},[48,71217,91],{"class":84},[48,71219,8050],{"class":87},[48,71221,1034],{"class":84},[48,71223,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71225,109],{"class":108},[48,71227,91],{"class":84},[48,71229,8050],{"class":87},[48,71231,32],{"class":84},[48,71233,25957],{"class":87},[48,71235,6902],{"class":84},[48,71237,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,71239,109],{"class":108},[48,71241,91],{"class":84},[48,71243,8050],{"class":87},[48,71245,32],{"class":84},[48,71247,25957],{"class":87},[48,71249,91],{"class":84},[48,71251,578],{"class":488},[48,71253,1034],{"class":84},[48,71255,71256,71258,71260,71262,71264,71266],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,71257,109],{"class":108},[48,71259,91],{"class":84},[48,71261,2921],{"class":1047},[48,71263,91],{"class":84},[48,71265,88],{"class":87},[48,71267,1034],{"class":84},[20,71269,71270],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[162,71272,71273,71279],{},[165,71274,71275,71278],{},[15,71276,71277],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[165,71280,71281,71284],{},[15,71282,71283],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71286,71287,71288,71291],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71289,71290],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[34,71293,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,71295,71297],{"id":71296},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71299,71300,71301,71303],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71302,12476],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1200,71305,71307],{"id":71306},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71309,71310,71312,71313,71315,71316,32],{},[15,71311,12476],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71314,55228],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71317,3483],{},[1200,71319,71321],{"id":71320},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71323,71324,71325,71328],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71326,71327],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1200,71330,71332],{"id":71331},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71334,71335,71336,71338],{},"Python raises ",[15,71337,70417],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[34,71340,1599],{"id":1598},[162,71342,71343,71347,71352,71357,71362],{},[165,71344,71345],{},[224,71346,55214],{"href":54766},[165,71348,71349],{},[224,71350,71351],{"href":54771},"Python list remove() method",[165,71353,71354],{},[224,71355,71356],{"href":58664},"Python list index() method",[165,71358,71359],{},[224,71360,71361],{"href":50684},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[165,71363,71364],{},[224,71365,68945],{"href":68944},[1633,71367,71368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":71370},[71371,71372,71373,71374,71375,71376,71377,71382,71388,71389,71395],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":69546,"depth":73,"text":69547},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":69856,"depth":73,"text":69857},{"id":69985,"depth":73,"text":69986},{"id":70256,"depth":73,"text":70257},{"id":70403,"depth":73,"text":70404,"children":71378},[71379,71380,71381],{"id":70407,"depth":105,"text":70408},{"id":70545,"depth":105,"text":70546},{"id":70728,"depth":105,"text":70729},{"id":70925,"depth":73,"text":70926,"children":71383},[71384,71386],{"id":70932,"depth":105,"text":71385},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70948,"depth":105,"text":71387},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":71390},[71391,71392,71393,71394],{"id":71296,"depth":105,"text":71297},{"id":71306,"depth":105,"text":71307},{"id":71320,"depth":105,"text":71321},{"id":71331,"depth":105,"text":71332},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69413,"description":71396},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71403,"title":71404,"body":71405,"description":73191,"extension":1666,"meta":73192,"navigation":122,"path":73193,"seo":73194,"stem":73195,"__hash__":73196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71406,"toc":73173},[71407,71410,71415,71421,71423,71493,71499,71503,71508,71529,71532,71599,71601,71622,71630,71632,71651,71667,71669,71734,71736,71761,71763,71765,71830,71832,71857,71859,71873,71876,71929,71931,71952,71956,71964,72037,72039,72072,72078,72084,72175,72177,72202,72208,72297,72299,72323,72325,72329,72384,72386,72418,72421,72424,72518,72520,72553,72559,72565,72569,72576,72602,72606,72671,72673,72698,72702,72783,72785,72814,72819,72824,72830,72834,72841,72863,72867,72926,72928,72952,72961,72966,72968,72972,73001,73003,73078,73081,73095,73101,73103,73107,73110,73114,73119,73123,73132,73136,73144,73146,73170],[10,71408,71404],{"id":71409},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71411,765,71412,71414],{},[15,71413,54774],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71416,71417,71418,71420],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[565,71419,362],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[34,71422,37],{"id":36},[39,71424,71426],{"className":41,"code":71425,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71427,71428,71460,71478,71488],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71429,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71431,7489],{"class":54},[48,71433,59],{"class":58},[48,71435,3326],{"class":84},[48,71437,94],{"class":62},[48,71439,3785],{"class":66},[48,71441,94],{"class":62},[48,71443,365],{"class":84},[48,71445,63],{"class":62},[48,71447,198],{"class":66},[48,71449,94],{"class":62},[48,71451,365],{"class":84},[48,71453,63],{"class":62},[48,71455,32933],{"class":66},[48,71457,94],{"class":62},[48,71459,3339],{"class":84},[48,71461,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71463,7520],{"class":54},[48,71465,32],{"class":84},[48,71467,34506],{"class":87},[48,71469,91],{"class":84},[48,71471,94],{"class":62},[48,71473,198],{"class":66},[48,71475,94],{"class":62},[48,71477,102],{"class":84},[48,71479,71480,71482,71484,71486],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71481,109],{"class":108},[48,71483,91],{"class":84},[48,71485,7520],{"class":87},[48,71487,102],{"class":84},[48,71489,71490],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,71491,71492],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71494,139,71495,71498],{},[15,71496,71497],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[34,71500,71502],{"id":71501},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71504,71505,71507],{},[15,71506,55228],{}," is a list method that:",[162,71509,71510,71516,71521,71526],{},[165,71511,71512,71513,71515],{},"Deletes the ",[565,71514,696],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[165,71517,71518,71519],{},"Changes the original list ",[565,71520,11046],{},[165,71522,12418,71523,71525],{},[565,71524,1055],{}," return a new list",[165,71527,71528],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71530,71531],{},"This is important for beginners:",[39,71533,71535],{"className":41,"code":71534,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71536,71537,71557,71575,71579,71589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71538,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547,71549,71551,71553,71555],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71540,3321],{"class":54},[48,71542,59],{"class":58},[48,71544,3326],{"class":84},[48,71546,272],{"class":488},[48,71548,365],{"class":84},[48,71550,489],{"class":488},[48,71552,365],{"class":84},[48,71554,2152],{"class":488},[48,71556,3339],{"class":84},[48,71558,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71560,1929],{"class":54},[48,71562,59],{"class":58},[48,71564,3969],{"class":54},[48,71566,32],{"class":84},[48,71568,34506],{"class":87},[48,71570,91],{"class":84},[48,71572,280],{"class":488},[48,71574,102],{"class":84},[48,71576,71577],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71578,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,71580,71581,71583,71585,71587],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,71582,109],{"class":108},[48,71584,91],{"class":84},[48,71586,3353],{"class":87},[48,71588,102],{"class":84},[48,71590,71591,71593,71595,71597],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,71592,109],{"class":108},[48,71594,91],{"class":84},[48,71596,1964],{"class":87},[48,71598,102],{"class":84},[20,71600,1037],{},[39,71602,71604],{"className":41,"code":71603,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71605,71606,71618],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71607,71608,71610,71612,71614,71616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71609,3605],{"class":84},[48,71611,272],{"class":488},[48,71613,365],{"class":84},[48,71615,2152],{"class":488},[48,71617,3339],{"class":84},[48,71619,71620],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71621,11521],{"class":3556},[20,71623,71624,71625,71627,71628,32],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71626,55228],{}," itself returned ",[15,71629,3483],{},[34,71631,5137],{"id":5136},[39,71633,71635],{"className":41,"code":71634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71636,71637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71640,7804],{"class":1047},[48,71642,32],{"class":84},[48,71644,34506],{"class":87},[48,71646,91],{"class":84},[48,71648,362],{"class":87},[48,71650,102],{"class":84},[162,71652,71653,71658,71661],{},[165,71654,71655,71657],{},[15,71656,362],{}," is the item you want to delete",[165,71659,71660],{},"Python searches from left to right",[165,71662,71663,71664,71666],{},"Only the ",[565,71665,696],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71668,182],{},[39,71670,71672],{"className":41,"code":71671,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71673,71674,71706,71724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71675,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71677,35800],{"class":54},[48,71679,59],{"class":58},[48,71681,3326],{"class":84},[48,71683,94],{"class":62},[48,71685,224],{"class":66},[48,71687,94],{"class":62},[48,71689,365],{"class":84},[48,71691,63],{"class":62},[48,71693,4466],{"class":66},[48,71695,94],{"class":62},[48,71697,365],{"class":84},[48,71699,63],{"class":62},[48,71701,632],{"class":66},[48,71703,94],{"class":62},[48,71705,3339],{"class":84},[48,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71709,35853],{"class":54},[48,71711,32],{"class":84},[48,71713,34506],{"class":87},[48,71715,91],{"class":84},[48,71717,94],{"class":62},[48,71719,4466],{"class":66},[48,71721,94],{"class":62},[48,71723,102],{"class":84},[48,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71727,109],{"class":108},[48,71729,91],{"class":84},[48,71731,35853],{"class":87},[48,71733,102],{"class":84},[20,71735,1037],{},[39,71737,71739],{"className":41,"code":71738,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71740,71741],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71742,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71744,3605],{"class":84},[48,71746,3001],{"class":62},[48,71748,224],{"class":66},[48,71750,3001],{"class":62},[48,71752,365],{"class":84},[48,71754,2996],{"class":62},[48,71756,632],{"class":66},[48,71758,3001],{"class":62},[48,71760,3339],{"class":84},[34,71762,5494],{"id":5493},[20,71764,64865],{},[39,71766,71768],{"className":41,"code":71767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71769,71770,71802,71820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71771,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71773,12789],{"class":54},[48,71775,59],{"class":58},[48,71777,3326],{"class":84},[48,71779,94],{"class":62},[48,71781,12806],{"class":66},[48,71783,94],{"class":62},[48,71785,365],{"class":84},[48,71787,63],{"class":62},[48,71789,12823],{"class":66},[48,71791,94],{"class":62},[48,71793,365],{"class":84},[48,71795,63],{"class":62},[48,71797,17173],{"class":66},[48,71799,94],{"class":62},[48,71801,3339],{"class":84},[48,71803,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71805,17220],{"class":54},[48,71807,32],{"class":84},[48,71809,34506],{"class":87},[48,71811,91],{"class":84},[48,71813,94],{"class":62},[48,71815,12823],{"class":66},[48,71817,94],{"class":62},[48,71819,102],{"class":84},[48,71821,71822,71824,71826,71828],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71823,109],{"class":108},[48,71825,91],{"class":84},[48,71827,17220],{"class":87},[48,71829,102],{"class":84},[20,71831,1037],{},[39,71833,71835],{"className":41,"code":71834,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71836,71837],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71838,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71840,3605],{"class":84},[48,71842,3001],{"class":62},[48,71844,12806],{"class":66},[48,71846,3001],{"class":62},[48,71848,365],{"class":84},[48,71850,2996],{"class":62},[48,71852,17173],{"class":66},[48,71854,3001],{"class":62},[48,71856,3339],{"class":84},[20,71858,11396],{},[162,71860,71861,71864,71870],{},[165,71862,71863],{},"A list is created with three values",[165,71865,71866,71869],{},[15,71867,71868],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[165,71871,71872],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71874,71875],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[39,71877,71879],{"className":41,"code":71878,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71880,71881,71905,71919],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71882,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71884,4770],{"class":54},[48,71886,59],{"class":58},[48,71888,3326],{"class":84},[48,71890,2031],{"class":488},[48,71892,365],{"class":84},[48,71894,7500],{"class":488},[48,71896,365],{"class":84},[48,71898,7505],{"class":488},[48,71900,365],{"class":84},[48,71902,50549],{"class":488},[48,71904,3339],{"class":84},[48,71906,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,71908,16105],{"class":54},[48,71910,32],{"class":84},[48,71912,34506],{"class":87},[48,71914,91],{"class":84},[48,71916,36552],{"class":488},[48,71918,102],{"class":84},[48,71920,71921,71923,71925,71927],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,71922,109],{"class":108},[48,71924,91],{"class":84},[48,71926,16105],{"class":87},[48,71928,102],{"class":84},[20,71930,1037],{},[39,71932,71934],{"className":41,"code":71933,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71935,71936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71937,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71939,3605],{"class":84},[48,71941,2031],{"class":488},[48,71943,365],{"class":84},[48,71945,7500],{"class":488},[48,71947,365],{"class":84},[48,71949,50549],{"class":488},[48,71951,3339],{"class":84},[34,71953,71955],{"id":71954},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71957,64855,71958,71960,71961,71963],{},[15,71959,55228],{}," deletes only the ",[565,71962,696],{}," one.",[39,71965,71967],{"className":41,"code":71966,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71968,71969,72009,72027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,71970,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,71972,7489],{"class":54},[48,71974,59],{"class":58},[48,71976,3326],{"class":84},[48,71978,94],{"class":62},[48,71980,3785],{"class":66},[48,71982,94],{"class":62},[48,71984,365],{"class":84},[48,71986,63],{"class":62},[48,71988,198],{"class":66},[48,71990,94],{"class":62},[48,71992,365],{"class":84},[48,71994,63],{"class":62},[48,71996,3785],{"class":66},[48,71998,94],{"class":62},[48,72000,365],{"class":84},[48,72002,63],{"class":62},[48,72004,32933],{"class":66},[48,72006,94],{"class":62},[48,72008,3339],{"class":84},[48,72010,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72012,7520],{"class":54},[48,72014,32],{"class":84},[48,72016,34506],{"class":87},[48,72018,91],{"class":84},[48,72020,94],{"class":62},[48,72022,3785],{"class":66},[48,72024,94],{"class":62},[48,72026,102],{"class":84},[48,72028,72029,72031,72033,72035],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72030,109],{"class":108},[48,72032,91],{"class":84},[48,72034,7520],{"class":87},[48,72036,102],{"class":84},[20,72038,1037],{},[39,72040,72042],{"className":41,"code":72041,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72043,72044],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72045,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72047,3605],{"class":84},[48,72049,3001],{"class":62},[48,72051,198],{"class":66},[48,72053,3001],{"class":62},[48,72055,365],{"class":84},[48,72057,2996],{"class":62},[48,72059,3785],{"class":66},[48,72061,3001],{"class":62},[48,72063,365],{"class":84},[48,72065,2996],{"class":62},[48,72067,32933],{"class":66},[48,72069,3001],{"class":62},[48,72071,3339],{"class":84},[20,72073,72074,72075,72077],{},"Only the first ",[15,72076,57533],{}," was removed.",[20,72079,72080,72081,72083],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72082,55228],{}," again:",[39,72085,72087],{"className":41,"code":72086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72088,72089,72129,72147,72165],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72090,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72092,7489],{"class":54},[48,72094,59],{"class":58},[48,72096,3326],{"class":84},[48,72098,94],{"class":62},[48,72100,3785],{"class":66},[48,72102,94],{"class":62},[48,72104,365],{"class":84},[48,72106,63],{"class":62},[48,72108,198],{"class":66},[48,72110,94],{"class":62},[48,72112,365],{"class":84},[48,72114,63],{"class":62},[48,72116,3785],{"class":66},[48,72118,94],{"class":62},[48,72120,365],{"class":84},[48,72122,63],{"class":62},[48,72124,32933],{"class":66},[48,72126,94],{"class":62},[48,72128,3339],{"class":84},[48,72130,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72132,7520],{"class":54},[48,72134,32],{"class":84},[48,72136,34506],{"class":87},[48,72138,91],{"class":84},[48,72140,94],{"class":62},[48,72142,3785],{"class":66},[48,72144,94],{"class":62},[48,72146,102],{"class":84},[48,72148,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72150,7520],{"class":54},[48,72152,32],{"class":84},[48,72154,34506],{"class":87},[48,72156,91],{"class":84},[48,72158,94],{"class":62},[48,72160,3785],{"class":66},[48,72162,94],{"class":62},[48,72164,102],{"class":84},[48,72166,72167,72169,72171,72173],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,72168,109],{"class":108},[48,72170,91],{"class":84},[48,72172,7520],{"class":87},[48,72174,102],{"class":84},[20,72176,1037],{},[39,72178,72180],{"className":41,"code":72179,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72181,72182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72183,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72185,3605],{"class":84},[48,72187,3001],{"class":62},[48,72189,198],{"class":66},[48,72191,3001],{"class":62},[48,72193,365],{"class":84},[48,72195,2996],{"class":62},[48,72197,32933],{"class":66},[48,72199,3001],{"class":62},[48,72201,3339],{"class":84},[20,72203,72204,72205,72207],{},"If you need to remove ",[565,72206,3420],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[39,72209,72211],{"className":41,"code":72210,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72212,72213,72253,72287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72214,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72216,7489],{"class":54},[48,72218,59],{"class":58},[48,72220,3326],{"class":84},[48,72222,94],{"class":62},[48,72224,3785],{"class":66},[48,72226,94],{"class":62},[48,72228,365],{"class":84},[48,72230,63],{"class":62},[48,72232,198],{"class":66},[48,72234,94],{"class":62},[48,72236,365],{"class":84},[48,72238,63],{"class":62},[48,72240,3785],{"class":66},[48,72242,94],{"class":62},[48,72244,365],{"class":84},[48,72246,63],{"class":62},[48,72248,32933],{"class":66},[48,72250,94],{"class":62},[48,72252,3339],{"class":84},[48,72254,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72272,72274,72276,72279,72281,72283,72285],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72256,7489],{"class":54},[48,72258,59],{"class":58},[48,72260,3326],{"class":84},[48,72262,28254],{"class":54},[48,72264,5665],{"class":1107},[48,72266,5668],{"class":54},[48,72268,3587],{"class":1107},[48,72270,72271],{"class":54}," items ",[48,72273,6705],{"class":1107},[48,72275,5668],{"class":54},[48,72277,72278],{"class":58},"!=",[48,72280,63],{"class":62},[48,72282,3785],{"class":66},[48,72284,94],{"class":62},[48,72286,3339],{"class":84},[48,72288,72289,72291,72293,72295],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72290,109],{"class":108},[48,72292,91],{"class":84},[48,72294,7520],{"class":87},[48,72296,102],{"class":84},[20,72298,1037],{},[39,72300,72301],{"className":41,"code":72179,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,72302,72303],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72304,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319,72321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72306,3605],{"class":84},[48,72308,3001],{"class":62},[48,72310,198],{"class":66},[48,72312,3001],{"class":62},[48,72314,365],{"class":84},[48,72316,2996],{"class":62},[48,72318,32933],{"class":66},[48,72320,3001],{"class":62},[48,72322,3339],{"class":84},[34,72324,65319],{"id":65318},[20,72326,65322,72327,32],{},[15,72328,31],{},[39,72330,72332],{"className":41,"code":72331,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72333,72334,72366],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72335,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72337,7489],{"class":54},[48,72339,59],{"class":58},[48,72341,3326],{"class":84},[48,72343,94],{"class":62},[48,72345,3785],{"class":66},[48,72347,94],{"class":62},[48,72349,365],{"class":84},[48,72351,63],{"class":62},[48,72353,198],{"class":66},[48,72355,94],{"class":62},[48,72357,365],{"class":84},[48,72359,63],{"class":62},[48,72361,32933],{"class":66},[48,72363,94],{"class":62},[48,72365,3339],{"class":84},[48,72367,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72369,7520],{"class":54},[48,72371,32],{"class":84},[48,72373,34506],{"class":87},[48,72375,91],{"class":84},[48,72377,94],{"class":62},[48,72379,22248],{"class":66},[48,72381,94],{"class":62},[48,72383,102],{"class":84},[20,72385,1037],{},[39,72387,72389],{"className":41,"code":72388,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72390,72391],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72392,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72394,31],{"class":1047},[48,72396,503],{"class":84},[48,72398,22275],{"class":1047},[48,72400,32],{"class":84},[48,72402,34506],{"class":87},[48,72404,91],{"class":84},[48,72406,1873],{"class":87},[48,72408,16168],{"class":84},[48,72410,3584],{"class":54},[48,72412,1055],{"class":58},[48,72414,20889],{"class":58},[48,72416,72417],{"class":1047}," list\n",[20,72419,72420],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72422,72423],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[39,72425,72427],{"className":41,"code":72426,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72428,72429,72461,72473,72477,72489,72504,72508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72430,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72432,7489],{"class":54},[48,72434,59],{"class":58},[48,72436,3326],{"class":84},[48,72438,94],{"class":62},[48,72440,3785],{"class":66},[48,72442,94],{"class":62},[48,72444,365],{"class":84},[48,72446,63],{"class":62},[48,72448,198],{"class":66},[48,72450,94],{"class":62},[48,72452,365],{"class":84},[48,72454,63],{"class":62},[48,72456,32933],{"class":66},[48,72458,94],{"class":62},[48,72460,3339],{"class":84},[48,72462,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72464,2147],{"class":54},[48,72466,59],{"class":58},[48,72468,63],{"class":62},[48,72470,22248],{"class":66},[48,72472,70],{"class":62},[48,72474,72475],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72476,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,72480,6705],{"class":1107},[48,72482,21300],{"class":54},[48,72484,3587],{"class":58},[48,72486,5673],{"class":54},[48,72488,1110],{"class":84},[48,72490,72491,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,72492,72493],{"class":54},"    items",[48,72495,32],{"class":84},[48,72497,34506],{"class":87},[48,72499,91],{"class":84},[48,72501,362],{"class":87},[48,72503,102],{"class":84},[48,72505,72506],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,72507,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,72509,72510,72512,72514,72516],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,72511,109],{"class":108},[48,72513,91],{"class":84},[48,72515,7520],{"class":87},[48,72517,102],{"class":84},[20,72519,1037],{},[39,72521,72523],{"className":41,"code":72522,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72524,72525],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72528,3605],{"class":84},[48,72530,3001],{"class":62},[48,72532,3785],{"class":66},[48,72534,3001],{"class":62},[48,72536,365],{"class":84},[48,72538,2996],{"class":62},[48,72540,198],{"class":66},[48,72542,3001],{"class":62},[48,72544,365],{"class":84},[48,72546,2996],{"class":62},[48,72548,32933],{"class":66},[48,72550,3001],{"class":62},[48,72552,3339],{"class":84},[20,72554,72555,72556,72558],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72557,55228],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72560,72561,72562,32],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[224,72563,65527],{"href":72564},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[34,72566,72568],{"id":72567},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72570,72571,500,72573,72575],{},[15,72572,55228],{},[15,72574,12476],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[162,72577,72578,72585,72591,72597],{},[165,72579,72580,72582,72583],{},[15,72581,55228],{}," deletes by ",[565,72584,362],{},[165,72586,72587,72582,72589],{},[15,72588,12476],{},[565,72590,88],{},[165,72592,72593,1572,72595],{},[15,72594,55228],{},[15,72596,3483],{},[165,72598,72599,72601],{},[15,72600,12476],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72603,776,72604,503],{},[15,72605,55228],{},[39,72607,72609],{"className":41,"code":72608,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72610,72611,72643,72661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72612,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72614,7489],{"class":54},[48,72616,59],{"class":58},[48,72618,3326],{"class":84},[48,72620,94],{"class":62},[48,72622,3785],{"class":66},[48,72624,94],{"class":62},[48,72626,365],{"class":84},[48,72628,63],{"class":62},[48,72630,198],{"class":66},[48,72632,94],{"class":62},[48,72634,365],{"class":84},[48,72636,63],{"class":62},[48,72638,32933],{"class":66},[48,72640,94],{"class":62},[48,72642,3339],{"class":84},[48,72644,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72646,7520],{"class":54},[48,72648,32],{"class":84},[48,72650,34506],{"class":87},[48,72652,91],{"class":84},[48,72654,94],{"class":62},[48,72656,198],{"class":66},[48,72658,94],{"class":62},[48,72660,102],{"class":84},[48,72662,72663,72665,72667,72669],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72664,109],{"class":108},[48,72666,91],{"class":84},[48,72668,7520],{"class":87},[48,72670,102],{"class":84},[20,72672,1037],{},[39,72674,72676],{"className":41,"code":72675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72677,72678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72681,3605],{"class":84},[48,72683,3001],{"class":62},[48,72685,3785],{"class":66},[48,72687,3001],{"class":62},[48,72689,365],{"class":84},[48,72691,2996],{"class":62},[48,72693,32933],{"class":66},[48,72695,3001],{"class":62},[48,72697,3339],{"class":84},[20,72699,776,72700,503],{},[15,72701,12476],{},[39,72703,72705],{"className":41,"code":72704,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72706,72707,72739,72758,72762,72772],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72708,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72710,7489],{"class":54},[48,72712,59],{"class":58},[48,72714,3326],{"class":84},[48,72716,94],{"class":62},[48,72718,3785],{"class":66},[48,72720,94],{"class":62},[48,72722,365],{"class":84},[48,72724,63],{"class":62},[48,72726,198],{"class":66},[48,72728,94],{"class":62},[48,72730,365],{"class":84},[48,72732,63],{"class":62},[48,72734,32933],{"class":66},[48,72736,94],{"class":62},[48,72738,3339],{"class":84},[48,72740,72741,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72742,72743],{"class":54},"removed_item ",[48,72745,59],{"class":58},[48,72747,5673],{"class":54},[48,72749,32],{"class":84},[48,72751,25957],{"class":87},[48,72753,91],{"class":84},[48,72755,272],{"class":488},[48,72757,102],{"class":84},[48,72759,72760],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72761,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,72763,72764,72766,72768,72770],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,72765,109],{"class":108},[48,72767,91],{"class":84},[48,72769,7520],{"class":87},[48,72771,102],{"class":84},[48,72773,72774,72776,72778,72781],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,72775,109],{"class":108},[48,72777,91],{"class":84},[48,72779,72780],{"class":87},"removed_item",[48,72782,102],{"class":84},[20,72784,1037],{},[39,72786,72788],{"className":41,"code":72787,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72789,72790,72810],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72791,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72793,3605],{"class":84},[48,72795,3001],{"class":62},[48,72797,3785],{"class":66},[48,72799,3001],{"class":62},[48,72801,365],{"class":84},[48,72803,2996],{"class":62},[48,72805,32933],{"class":66},[48,72807,3001],{"class":62},[48,72809,3339],{"class":84},[48,72811,72812],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72813,70092],{"class":54},[20,72815,139,72816,72818],{},[15,72817,55228],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72820,139,72821,72823],{},[15,72822,12476],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72825,72826,72827,32],{},"For more detail, see the ",[224,72828,72829],{"href":54778},"Python list pop() method",[34,72831,72833],{"id":72832},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72835,72836,500,72838,72840],{},[15,72837,55228],{},[15,72839,26741],{}," are also different.",[162,72842,72843,72848,72853,72858],{},[165,72844,72845,72847],{},[15,72846,55228],{}," deletes by matching value",[165,72849,72850,72852],{},[15,72851,26741],{}," deletes by index or slice",[165,72854,139,72855,72857],{},[15,72856,26741],{}," when you know the position",[165,72859,139,72860,72862],{},[15,72861,55228],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72864,776,72865,503],{},[15,72866,26741],{},[39,72868,72870],{"className":41,"code":72869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72871,72872,72904,72916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72875,7489],{"class":54},[48,72877,59],{"class":58},[48,72879,3326],{"class":84},[48,72881,94],{"class":62},[48,72883,3785],{"class":66},[48,72885,94],{"class":62},[48,72887,365],{"class":84},[48,72889,63],{"class":62},[48,72891,198],{"class":66},[48,72893,94],{"class":62},[48,72895,365],{"class":84},[48,72897,63],{"class":62},[48,72899,32933],{"class":66},[48,72901,94],{"class":62},[48,72903,3339],{"class":84},[48,72905,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,72907,26741],{"class":1107},[48,72909,5673],{"class":54},[48,72911,3605],{"class":84},[48,72913,272],{"class":488},[48,72915,3339],{"class":84},[48,72917,72918,72920,72922,72924],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,72919,109],{"class":108},[48,72921,91],{"class":84},[48,72923,7520],{"class":87},[48,72925,102],{"class":84},[20,72927,1037],{},[39,72929,72930],{"className":41,"code":72675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,72931,72932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,72935,3605],{"class":84},[48,72937,3001],{"class":62},[48,72939,3785],{"class":66},[48,72941,3001],{"class":62},[48,72943,365],{"class":84},[48,72945,2996],{"class":62},[48,72947,32933],{"class":66},[48,72949,3001],{"class":62},[48,72951,3339],{"class":84},[20,72953,72954,72955,72957,72958,72960],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72956,272],{},", not the value ",[15,72959,64965],{}," directly.",[20,72962,72963,72964,32],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[224,72965,54767],{"href":54766},[34,72967,1366],{"id":1365},[20,72969,20927,72970,503],{},[15,72971,55228],{},[162,72973,72974,72977,72982,72989,72998],{},[165,72975,72976],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[165,72978,1379,72979,72981],{},[15,72980,55228],{}," to delete all matching values",[165,72983,12308,72984,72986,72987],{},[15,72985,55228],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72988,3483],{},[165,72990,758,72991,44336,72993,1358,72995,72997],{},[15,72992,55228],{},[15,72994,12476],{},[15,72996,26741],{}," would be a better fit",[165,72999,73000],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73002,71192],{},[39,73004,73006],{"className":41,"code":73005,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73007,73008,73018,73032,73050,73064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73009,73010,73012,73014,73016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73011,109],{"class":108},[48,73013,91],{"class":84},[48,73015,8050],{"class":87},[48,73017,102],{"class":84},[48,73019,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73021,109],{"class":108},[48,73023,91],{"class":84},[48,73025,2147],{"class":87},[48,73027,3587],{"class":1107},[48,73029,8107],{"class":87},[48,73031,102],{"class":84},[48,73033,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73035,109],{"class":108},[48,73037,91],{"class":84},[48,73039,8050],{"class":87},[48,73041,32],{"class":84},[48,73043,40969],{"class":87},[48,73045,91],{"class":84},[48,73047,362],{"class":87},[48,73049,1034],{"class":84},[48,73051,73052,73054,73056,73058,73060,73062],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,73053,109],{"class":108},[48,73055,91],{"class":84},[48,73057,2921],{"class":1047},[48,73059,91],{"class":84},[48,73061,8050],{"class":87},[48,73063,1034],{"class":84},[48,73065,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,73067,31864],{"class":108},[48,73069,91],{"class":84},[48,73071,7804],{"class":1047},[48,73073,32],{"class":84},[48,73075,34506],{"class":24466},[48,73077,102],{"class":84},[20,73079,73080],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[162,73082,73083,73086,73089,73092],{},[165,73084,73085],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[165,73087,73088],{},"How many times does it appear?",[165,73090,73091],{},"Am I working with a list?",[165,73093,73094],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73096,73097,73098,73100],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[224,73099,71356],{"href":58664}," may also help.",[34,73102,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,73104,73106],{"id":73105},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73108,73109],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1200,73111,73113],{"id":73112},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73115,4855,73116,73118],{},[15,73117,3483],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1200,73120,73122],{"id":73121},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73124,73125,73126,73129,73130,32],{},"Check with ",[15,73127,73128],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73131,55228],{},[1200,73133,73135],{"id":73134},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73137,139,73138,73140,73141,73143],{},[15,73139,55228],{}," for a value and ",[15,73142,12476],{}," for an index.",[34,73145,1599],{"id":1598},[162,73147,73148,73152,73156,73160,73164],{},[165,73149,73150],{},[224,73151,55214],{"href":54766},[165,73153,73154],{},[224,73155,72829],{"href":54778},[165,73157,73158],{},[224,73159,71356],{"href":58664},[165,73161,73162],{},[224,73163,65527],{"href":72564},[165,73165,73166],{},[224,73167,73169],{"href":73168},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1633,73171,73172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":73174},[73175,73176,73177,73178,73179,73180,73181,73182,73183,73184,73190],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":71501,"depth":73,"text":71502},{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137},{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":71954,"depth":73,"text":71955},{"id":65318,"depth":73,"text":65319},{"id":72567,"depth":73,"text":72568},{"id":72832,"depth":73,"text":72833},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":73185},[73186,73187,73188,73189],{"id":73105,"depth":105,"text":73106},{"id":73112,"depth":105,"text":73113},{"id":73121,"depth":105,"text":73122},{"id":73134,"depth":105,"text":73135},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71404,"description":73191},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73198,"title":73199,"body":73200,"description":75091,"extension":1666,"meta":75092,"navigation":122,"path":75093,"seo":75094,"stem":75095,"__hash__":75096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73201,"toc":75061},[73202,73208,73214,73217,73228,73230,73279,73284,73289,73293,73308,73310,73375,73377,73418,73420,73422,73437,73439,73450,73452,73509,73511,73544,73546,73549,73598,73600,73625,73627,73643,73649,73656,73717,73719,73752,73757,73760,73840,73842,73903,73909,73913,73916,73980,73982,74007,74009,74029,74031,74080,74082,74103,74112,74115,74119,74124,74169,74171,74192,74198,74203,74211,74275,74277,74314,74320,74324,74331,74396,74398,74435,74439,74456,74466,74471,74476,74487,74494,74496,74502,74525,74528,74555,74560,74563,74664,74666,74721,74724,74831,74833,74904,74907,74933,74935,74940,74944,74952,74957,74962,74968,74973,74977,74980,74997,75000,75020,75028,75030,75058],[10,73203,54041,73205,18],{"id":73204},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73206,73207],{},"reverse()",[20,73209,73210,73213],{},[15,73211,73212],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73215,73216],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73218,73219,73220,73222,73223,73227],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73221,73207],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[224,73224,73226],{"href":73225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[34,73229,3311],{"id":3310},[39,73231,73233],{"className":41,"code":73232,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73234,73235,73255,73266],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73236,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73238,3321],{"class":54},[48,73240,59],{"class":58},[48,73242,3326],{"class":84},[48,73244,272],{"class":488},[48,73246,365],{"class":84},[48,73248,489],{"class":488},[48,73250,365],{"class":84},[48,73252,2152],{"class":488},[48,73254,3339],{"class":84},[48,73256,73257,73259,73261,73264],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73258,3353],{"class":54},[48,73260,32],{"class":84},[48,73262,73263],{"class":87},"reverse",[48,73265,8353],{"class":84},[48,73267,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73269,109],{"class":108},[48,73271,91],{"class":84},[48,73273,3353],{"class":87},[48,73275,3366],{"class":84},[48,73277,73278],{"class":129},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73280,73281,73283],{},[15,73282,73207],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[34,73285,148,73287,152],{"id":73286},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73288,73212],{},[20,73290,73291,503],{},[15,73292,73212],{},[162,73294,73295,73298,73301,73305],{},[165,73296,73297],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[165,73299,73300],{},"Changes the original list directly",[165,73302,1270,73303],{},[15,73304,3483],{},[165,73306,73307],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73309,182],{},[39,73311,73313],{"className":41,"code":73312,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73314,73315,73355,73365],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73316,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73318,35800],{"class":54},[48,73320,59],{"class":58},[48,73322,3326],{"class":84},[48,73324,94],{"class":62},[48,73326,224],{"class":66},[48,73328,94],{"class":62},[48,73330,365],{"class":84},[48,73332,63],{"class":62},[48,73334,4466],{"class":66},[48,73336,94],{"class":62},[48,73338,365],{"class":84},[48,73340,63],{"class":62},[48,73342,632],{"class":66},[48,73344,94],{"class":62},[48,73346,365],{"class":84},[48,73348,63],{"class":62},[48,73350,18485],{"class":66},[48,73352,94],{"class":62},[48,73354,3339],{"class":84},[48,73356,73357,73359,73361,73363],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73358,35853],{"class":54},[48,73360,32],{"class":84},[48,73362,73263],{"class":87},[48,73364,8353],{"class":84},[48,73366,73367,73369,73371,73373],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73368,109],{"class":108},[48,73370,91],{"class":84},[48,73372,35853],{"class":87},[48,73374,102],{"class":84},[20,73376,1037],{},[39,73378,73380],{"className":41,"code":73379,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73381,73382],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73383,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73385,3605],{"class":84},[48,73387,3001],{"class":62},[48,73389,18485],{"class":66},[48,73391,3001],{"class":62},[48,73393,365],{"class":84},[48,73395,2996],{"class":62},[48,73397,632],{"class":66},[48,73399,3001],{"class":62},[48,73401,365],{"class":84},[48,73403,2996],{"class":62},[48,73405,4466],{"class":66},[48,73407,3001],{"class":62},[48,73409,365],{"class":84},[48,73411,2996],{"class":62},[48,73413,224],{"class":66},[48,73415,3001],{"class":62},[48,73417,3339],{"class":84},[34,73419,340],{"id":339},[20,73421,343],{},[39,73423,73425],{"className":41,"code":73424,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73426,73427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73428,73429,73431,73433,73435],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73430,8050],{"class":54},[48,73432,32],{"class":84},[48,73434,73263],{"class":87},[48,73436,8353],{"class":84},[20,73438,160],{},[162,73440,73441,73444,73447],{},[165,73442,73443],{},"No arguments are needed",[165,73445,73446],{},"You call it on an existing list",[165,73448,73449],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73451,182],{},[39,73453,73455],{"className":41,"code":73454,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73456,73457,73489,73499],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73458,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73460,12789],{"class":54},[48,73462,59],{"class":58},[48,73464,3326],{"class":84},[48,73466,94],{"class":62},[48,73468,12806],{"class":66},[48,73470,94],{"class":62},[48,73472,365],{"class":84},[48,73474,63],{"class":62},[48,73476,17173],{"class":66},[48,73478,94],{"class":62},[48,73480,365],{"class":84},[48,73482,63],{"class":62},[48,73484,12823],{"class":66},[48,73486,94],{"class":62},[48,73488,3339],{"class":84},[48,73490,73491,73493,73495,73497],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73492,17220],{"class":54},[48,73494,32],{"class":84},[48,73496,73263],{"class":87},[48,73498,8353],{"class":84},[48,73500,73501,73503,73505,73507],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73502,109],{"class":108},[48,73504,91],{"class":84},[48,73506,17220],{"class":87},[48,73508,102],{"class":84},[20,73510,1037],{},[39,73512,73514],{"className":41,"code":73513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73515,73516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73517,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73519,3605],{"class":84},[48,73521,3001],{"class":62},[48,73523,12823],{"class":66},[48,73525,3001],{"class":62},[48,73527,365],{"class":84},[48,73529,2996],{"class":62},[48,73531,17173],{"class":66},[48,73533,3001],{"class":62},[48,73535,365],{"class":84},[48,73537,2996],{"class":62},[48,73539,12806],{"class":66},[48,73541,3001],{"class":62},[48,73543,3339],{"class":84},[34,73545,11187],{"id":11186},[20,73547,73548],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[39,73550,73552],{"className":41,"code":73551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73553,73554,73578,73588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73555,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73557,3321],{"class":54},[48,73559,59],{"class":58},[48,73561,3326],{"class":84},[48,73563,2031],{"class":488},[48,73565,365],{"class":84},[48,73567,7500],{"class":488},[48,73569,365],{"class":84},[48,73571,7505],{"class":488},[48,73573,365],{"class":84},[48,73575,50549],{"class":488},[48,73577,3339],{"class":84},[48,73579,73580,73582,73584,73586],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73581,3353],{"class":54},[48,73583,32],{"class":84},[48,73585,73263],{"class":87},[48,73587,8353],{"class":84},[48,73589,73590,73592,73594,73596],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73591,109],{"class":108},[48,73593,91],{"class":84},[48,73595,3353],{"class":87},[48,73597,102],{"class":84},[20,73599,1037],{},[39,73601,73603],{"className":41,"code":73602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73604,73605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73606,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73608,3605],{"class":84},[48,73610,56392],{"class":488},[48,73612,365],{"class":84},[48,73614,7505],{"class":488},[48,73616,365],{"class":84},[48,73618,7500],{"class":488},[48,73620,365],{"class":84},[48,73622,5712],{"class":488},[48,73624,3339],{"class":84},[20,73626,11396],{},[162,73628,73629,73635,73640],{},[165,73630,73631,73632],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73633,73634],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[165,73636,73637,73639],{},[15,73638,73207],{}," flips the order",[165,73641,73642],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[34,73644,73646,73648],{"id":73645},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73647,73207],{}," changes the original list",[20,73650,73651,73652,73655],{},"This method is ",[565,73653,73654],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[39,73657,73659],{"className":41,"code":73658,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73660,73661,73693,73703,73707],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73662,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73664,35949],{"class":54},[48,73666,59],{"class":58},[48,73668,3326],{"class":84},[48,73670,94],{"class":62},[48,73672,3785],{"class":66},[48,73674,94],{"class":62},[48,73676,365],{"class":84},[48,73678,63],{"class":62},[48,73680,198],{"class":66},[48,73682,94],{"class":62},[48,73684,365],{"class":84},[48,73686,63],{"class":62},[48,73688,3802],{"class":66},[48,73690,94],{"class":62},[48,73692,3339],{"class":84},[48,73694,73695,73697,73699,73701],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73696,36001],{"class":54},[48,73698,32],{"class":84},[48,73700,73263],{"class":87},[48,73702,8353],{"class":84},[48,73704,73705],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73706,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,73708,73709,73711,73713,73715],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,73710,109],{"class":108},[48,73712,91],{"class":84},[48,73714,36001],{"class":87},[48,73716,102],{"class":84},[20,73718,1037],{},[39,73720,73722],{"className":41,"code":73721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73723,73724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73725,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73727,3605],{"class":84},[48,73729,3001],{"class":62},[48,73731,3802],{"class":66},[48,73733,3001],{"class":62},[48,73735,365],{"class":84},[48,73737,2996],{"class":62},[48,73739,198],{"class":66},[48,73741,3001],{"class":62},[48,73743,365],{"class":84},[48,73745,2996],{"class":62},[48,73747,3785],{"class":66},[48,73749,3001],{"class":62},[48,73751,3339],{"class":84},[20,73753,139,73754,73756],{},[15,73755,73207],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73758,73759],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[39,73761,73763],{"className":41,"code":73762,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73764,73765,73797,73815,73819,73829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73766,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73768,35949],{"class":54},[48,73770,59],{"class":58},[48,73772,3326],{"class":84},[48,73774,94],{"class":62},[48,73776,3785],{"class":66},[48,73778,94],{"class":62},[48,73780,365],{"class":84},[48,73782,63],{"class":62},[48,73784,198],{"class":66},[48,73786,94],{"class":62},[48,73788,365],{"class":84},[48,73790,63],{"class":62},[48,73792,3802],{"class":66},[48,73794,94],{"class":62},[48,73796,3339],{"class":84},[48,73798,73799,73802,73804,73806,73809,73811,73813],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73800,73801],{"class":54},"reversed_fruits ",[48,73803,59],{"class":58},[48,73805,52551],{"class":54},[48,73807,73808],{"class":84},"[::",[48,73810,1724],{"class":58},[48,73812,272],{"class":488},[48,73814,3339],{"class":84},[48,73816,73817],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73818,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,73820,73821,73823,73825,73827],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,73822,109],{"class":108},[48,73824,91],{"class":84},[48,73826,36001],{"class":87},[48,73828,102],{"class":84},[48,73830,73831,73833,73835,73838],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,73832,109],{"class":108},[48,73834,91],{"class":84},[48,73836,73837],{"class":87},"reversed_fruits",[48,73839,102],{"class":84},[20,73841,1037],{},[39,73843,73845],{"className":41,"code":73844,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73846,73847,73875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73848,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73850,3605],{"class":84},[48,73852,3001],{"class":62},[48,73854,3785],{"class":66},[48,73856,3001],{"class":62},[48,73858,365],{"class":84},[48,73860,2996],{"class":62},[48,73862,198],{"class":66},[48,73864,3001],{"class":62},[48,73866,365],{"class":84},[48,73868,2996],{"class":62},[48,73870,3802],{"class":66},[48,73872,3001],{"class":62},[48,73874,3339],{"class":84},[48,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73878,3605],{"class":84},[48,73880,3001],{"class":62},[48,73882,3802],{"class":66},[48,73884,3001],{"class":62},[48,73886,365],{"class":84},[48,73888,2996],{"class":62},[48,73890,198],{"class":66},[48,73892,3001],{"class":62},[48,73894,365],{"class":84},[48,73896,2996],{"class":62},[48,73898,3785],{"class":66},[48,73900,3001],{"class":62},[48,73902,3339],{"class":84},[20,73904,73905,73906,32],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[224,73907,73908],{"href":73225},"Python list slicing explained",[34,73910,73912],{"id":73911},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73914,73915],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[39,73917,73919],{"className":41,"code":73918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73920,73921,73941,73955,73959,73970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73922,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73924,3321],{"class":54},[48,73926,59],{"class":58},[48,73928,3326],{"class":84},[48,73930,272],{"class":488},[48,73932,365],{"class":84},[48,73934,489],{"class":488},[48,73936,365],{"class":84},[48,73938,2152],{"class":488},[48,73940,3339],{"class":84},[48,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73944,55589],{"class":54},[48,73946,59],{"class":58},[48,73948,3969],{"class":54},[48,73950,32],{"class":84},[48,73952,73263],{"class":87},[48,73954,8353],{"class":84},[48,73956,73957],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,73958,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,73960,73961,73963,73965,73968],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,73962,109],{"class":108},[48,73964,91],{"class":84},[48,73966,73967],{"class":87},"new_list",[48,73969,102],{"class":84},[48,73971,73972,73974,73976,73978],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,73973,109],{"class":108},[48,73975,91],{"class":84},[48,73977,3353],{"class":87},[48,73979,102],{"class":84},[20,73981,1037],{},[39,73983,73985],{"className":41,"code":73984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73986,73987,73991],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,73988,73989],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,73990,11521],{"class":3556},[48,73992,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,73994,3605],{"class":84},[48,73996,1764],{"class":488},[48,73998,365],{"class":84},[48,74000,489],{"class":488},[48,74002,365],{"class":84},[48,74004,5204],{"class":488},[48,74006,3339],{"class":84},[20,74008,11613],{},[162,74010,74011,74019,74023],{},[165,74012,74013,74015,74016,74018],{},[15,74014,73207],{}," changes ",[15,74017,3353],{}," directly",[165,74020,40615,74021,71525],{},[565,74022,1055],{},[165,74024,53352,74025,41862,74027],{},[15,74026,73967],{},[15,74028,3483],{},[20,74030,61593],{},[39,74032,74034],{"className":41,"code":74033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74035,74036,74056,74066,74070],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74037,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74039,3321],{"class":54},[48,74041,59],{"class":58},[48,74043,3326],{"class":84},[48,74045,272],{"class":488},[48,74047,365],{"class":84},[48,74049,489],{"class":488},[48,74051,365],{"class":84},[48,74053,2152],{"class":488},[48,74055,3339],{"class":84},[48,74057,74058,74060,74062,74064],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74059,3353],{"class":54},[48,74061,32],{"class":84},[48,74063,73263],{"class":87},[48,74065,8353],{"class":84},[48,74067,74068],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74069,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74071,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74073,109],{"class":108},[48,74075,91],{"class":84},[48,74077,3353],{"class":87},[48,74079,102],{"class":84},[20,74081,1037],{},[39,74083,74085],{"className":41,"code":74084,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74086,74087],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74088,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74090,3605],{"class":84},[48,74092,1764],{"class":488},[48,74094,365],{"class":84},[48,74096,489],{"class":488},[48,74098,365],{"class":84},[48,74100,5204],{"class":488},[48,74102,3339],{"class":84},[34,74104,74106,1188,74108,74111],{"id":74105},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74107,73207],{},[15,74109,74110],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74113,74114],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1200,74116,74117],{"id":73263},[15,74118,73207],{},[20,74120,74121,74123],{},[15,74122,73207],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[39,74125,74127],{"className":41,"code":74126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74128,74129,74149,74159],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74130,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74132,3321],{"class":54},[48,74134,59],{"class":58},[48,74136,3326],{"class":84},[48,74138,1764],{"class":488},[48,74140,365],{"class":84},[48,74142,5204],{"class":488},[48,74144,365],{"class":84},[48,74146,489],{"class":488},[48,74148,3339],{"class":84},[48,74150,74151,74153,74155,74157],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74152,3353],{"class":54},[48,74154,32],{"class":84},[48,74156,73263],{"class":87},[48,74158,8353],{"class":84},[48,74160,74161,74163,74165,74167],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74162,109],{"class":108},[48,74164,91],{"class":84},[48,74166,3353],{"class":87},[48,74168,102],{"class":84},[20,74170,1037],{},[39,74172,74174],{"className":41,"code":74173,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74175,74176],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74177,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74179,3605],{"class":84},[48,74181,280],{"class":488},[48,74183,365],{"class":84},[48,74185,5204],{"class":488},[48,74187,365],{"class":84},[48,74189,2152],{"class":488},[48,74191,3339],{"class":84},[20,74193,74194,74195,74197],{},"Notice that this is ",[565,74196,1055],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1200,74199,74201],{"id":74200},"sorted",[15,74202,74110],{},[20,74204,74205,74210],{},[224,74206,74208],{"href":74207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74209,74110],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[39,74212,74214],{"className":41,"code":74213,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74215,74216,74236,74251,74255,74265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74217,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74219,3321],{"class":54},[48,74221,59],{"class":58},[48,74223,3326],{"class":84},[48,74225,1764],{"class":488},[48,74227,365],{"class":84},[48,74229,5204],{"class":488},[48,74231,365],{"class":84},[48,74233,489],{"class":488},[48,74235,3339],{"class":84},[48,74237,74238,74240,74242,74245,74247,74249],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74239,1929],{"class":54},[48,74241,59],{"class":58},[48,74243,74244],{"class":108}," sorted",[48,74246,91],{"class":84},[48,74248,3353],{"class":87},[48,74250,102],{"class":84},[48,74252,74253],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74254,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74256,74257,74259,74261,74263],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74258,109],{"class":108},[48,74260,91],{"class":84},[48,74262,3353],{"class":87},[48,74264,102],{"class":84},[48,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,74268,109],{"class":108},[48,74270,91],{"class":84},[48,74272,1964],{"class":87},[48,74274,102],{"class":84},[20,74276,1037],{},[39,74278,74280],{"className":41,"code":74279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74281,74282,74298],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74283,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294,74296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74285,3605],{"class":84},[48,74287,1764],{"class":488},[48,74289,365],{"class":84},[48,74291,5204],{"class":488},[48,74293,365],{"class":84},[48,74295,489],{"class":488},[48,74297,3339],{"class":84},[48,74299,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74301,3605],{"class":84},[48,74303,272],{"class":488},[48,74305,365],{"class":84},[48,74307,489],{"class":488},[48,74309,365],{"class":84},[48,74311,2152],{"class":488},[48,74313,3339],{"class":84},[20,74315,74316,74317,32],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74318,74319],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1200,74321,74323],{"id":74322},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74325,74326,74327,74330],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74328,74329],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[39,74332,74334],{"className":41,"code":74333,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74335,74336,74356,74372,74376,74386],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74337,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74339,3321],{"class":54},[48,74341,59],{"class":58},[48,74343,3326],{"class":84},[48,74345,1764],{"class":488},[48,74347,365],{"class":84},[48,74349,5204],{"class":488},[48,74351,365],{"class":84},[48,74353,489],{"class":488},[48,74355,3339],{"class":84},[48,74357,74358,74360,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74359,1929],{"class":54},[48,74361,59],{"class":58},[48,74363,3969],{"class":54},[48,74365,73808],{"class":84},[48,74367,1724],{"class":58},[48,74369,272],{"class":488},[48,74371,3339],{"class":84},[48,74373,74374],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74375,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74377,74378,74380,74382,74384],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74379,109],{"class":108},[48,74381,91],{"class":84},[48,74383,3353],{"class":87},[48,74385,102],{"class":84},[48,74387,74388,74390,74392,74394],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,74389,109],{"class":108},[48,74391,91],{"class":84},[48,74393,1964],{"class":87},[48,74395,102],{"class":84},[20,74397,1037],{},[39,74399,74401],{"className":41,"code":74400,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74402,74403,74419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74404,74405,74407,74409,74411,74413,74415,74417],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74406,3605],{"class":84},[48,74408,1764],{"class":488},[48,74410,365],{"class":84},[48,74412,5204],{"class":488},[48,74414,365],{"class":84},[48,74416,489],{"class":488},[48,74418,3339],{"class":84},[48,74420,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74422,3605],{"class":84},[48,74424,280],{"class":488},[48,74426,365],{"class":84},[48,74428,5204],{"class":488},[48,74430,365],{"class":84},[48,74432,2152],{"class":488},[48,74434,3339],{"class":84},[1200,74436,74438],{"id":74437},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[162,74440,74441,74446,74451],{},[165,74442,139,74443,74445],{},[15,74444,73207],{}," when you want to change the original list",[165,74447,139,74448,74450],{},[15,74449,74329],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[165,74452,139,74453,74455],{},[15,74454,74110],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74457,74458,74459,74465],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[224,74460,74462,74463,754],{"href":74461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74464,64005],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[34,74467,4667,74469],{"id":74468},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74470,73207],{},[20,74472,74473,74475],{},[15,74474,73207],{}," is a good choice:",[162,74477,74478,74481,74484],{},[165,74479,74480],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[165,74482,74483],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[165,74485,74486],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74488,74489,74490,32],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[224,74491,74493],{"href":74492},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[34,74495,1366],{"id":1365},[20,74497,74498,74499,74501],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74500,73207],{}," for these reasons:",[162,74503,74504,74508,74513,74518],{},[165,74505,12308,74506,12311],{},[15,74507,73207],{},[165,74509,1379,74510,74512],{},[15,74511,73207],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[165,74514,758,74515,74517],{},[15,74516,73207],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[165,74519,36914,74520,8415,74522],{},[15,74521,73207],{},[15,74523,74524],{},"reversed()",[20,74526,74527],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[39,74529,74531],{"className":41,"code":74530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74532,74533,74545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74534,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74536,55],{"class":54},[48,74538,59],{"class":58},[48,74540,63],{"class":62},[48,74542,1008],{"class":66},[48,74544,70],{"class":62},[48,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74548,213],{"class":54},[48,74550,32],{"class":84},[48,74552,73263],{"class":87},[48,74554,8353],{"class":84},[20,74556,74557,74558,33313],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74559,73207],{},[20,74561,74562],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[39,74564,74566],{"className":41,"code":74565,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74567,74568,74588,74592,74602,74616,74620,74634,74644,74648],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74569,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74571,8019],{"class":54},[48,74573,59],{"class":58},[48,74575,3326],{"class":84},[48,74577,272],{"class":488},[48,74579,365],{"class":84},[48,74581,489],{"class":488},[48,74583,365],{"class":84},[48,74585,2152],{"class":488},[48,74587,3339],{"class":84},[48,74589,74590],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74591,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74595,109],{"class":108},[48,74597,91],{"class":84},[48,74599,8050],{"class":87},[48,74601,102],{"class":84},[48,74603,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74605,109],{"class":108},[48,74607,91],{"class":84},[48,74609,2921],{"class":1047},[48,74611,91],{"class":84},[48,74613,8050],{"class":87},[48,74615,1034],{"class":84},[48,74617,74618],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,74619,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74621,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,74623,1929],{"class":54},[48,74625,59],{"class":58},[48,74627,8107],{"class":54},[48,74629,32],{"class":84},[48,74631,73263],{"class":87},[48,74633,8353],{"class":84},[48,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,74637,109],{"class":108},[48,74639,91],{"class":84},[48,74641,1964],{"class":87},[48,74643,102],{"class":84},[48,74645,74646],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,74647,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74649,74650,74652,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,74651,109],{"class":108},[48,74653,91],{"class":84},[48,74655,8050],{"class":87},[48,74657,73808],{"class":84},[48,74659,1724],{"class":58},[48,74661,272],{"class":488},[48,74663,3593],{"class":84},[20,74665,1037],{},[39,74667,74669],{"className":41,"code":74668,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74670,74671,74687,74701,74705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74672,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74674,3605],{"class":84},[48,74676,272],{"class":488},[48,74678,365],{"class":84},[48,74680,489],{"class":488},[48,74682,365],{"class":84},[48,74684,2152],{"class":488},[48,74686,3339],{"class":84},[48,74688,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74690,2990],{"class":58},[48,74692,2993],{"class":1767},[48,74694,2996],{"class":62},[48,74696,7804],{"class":66},[48,74698,3001],{"class":62},[48,74700,3004],{"class":58},[48,74702,74703],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74704,11521],{"class":3556},[48,74706,74707,74709,74711,74713,74715,74717,74719],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74708,3605],{"class":84},[48,74710,272],{"class":488},[48,74712,365],{"class":84},[48,74714,489],{"class":488},[48,74716,365],{"class":84},[48,74718,5204],{"class":488},[48,74720,3339],{"class":84},[20,74722,74723],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[39,74725,74727],{"className":41,"code":74726,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74728,74729,74749,74753,74763,74777,74781,74795,74805,74815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74730,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74732,8019],{"class":54},[48,74734,59],{"class":58},[48,74736,3326],{"class":84},[48,74738,272],{"class":488},[48,74740,365],{"class":84},[48,74742,489],{"class":488},[48,74744,365],{"class":84},[48,74746,2152],{"class":488},[48,74748,3339],{"class":84},[48,74750,74751],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74752,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74754,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74756,109],{"class":108},[48,74758,91],{"class":84},[48,74760,8050],{"class":87},[48,74762,102],{"class":84},[48,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74766,109],{"class":108},[48,74768,91],{"class":84},[48,74770,2921],{"class":1047},[48,74772,91],{"class":84},[48,74774,8050],{"class":87},[48,74776,1034],{"class":84},[48,74778,74779],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,74780,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,74782,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,74784,1929],{"class":54},[48,74786,59],{"class":58},[48,74788,8107],{"class":54},[48,74790,32],{"class":84},[48,74792,73263],{"class":87},[48,74794,8353],{"class":84},[48,74796,74797,74799,74801,74803],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,74798,109],{"class":108},[48,74800,91],{"class":84},[48,74802,1964],{"class":87},[48,74804,102],{"class":84},[48,74806,74807,74809,74811,74813],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,74808,109],{"class":108},[48,74810,91],{"class":84},[48,74812,8050],{"class":87},[48,74814,102],{"class":84},[48,74816,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,74818,109],{"class":108},[48,74820,91],{"class":84},[48,74822,8050],{"class":87},[48,74824,73808],{"class":84},[48,74826,1724],{"class":58},[48,74828,272],{"class":488},[48,74830,3593],{"class":84},[20,74832,1037],{},[39,74834,74836],{"className":41,"code":74835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74837,74838,74854,74868,74872,74888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74839,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74841,3605],{"class":84},[48,74843,272],{"class":488},[48,74845,365],{"class":84},[48,74847,489],{"class":488},[48,74849,365],{"class":84},[48,74851,2152],{"class":488},[48,74853,3339],{"class":84},[48,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,74857,2990],{"class":58},[48,74859,2993],{"class":1767},[48,74861,2996],{"class":62},[48,74863,7804],{"class":66},[48,74865,3001],{"class":62},[48,74867,3004],{"class":58},[48,74869,74870],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,74871,11521],{"class":3556},[48,74873,74874,74876,74878,74880,74882,74884,74886],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,74875,3605],{"class":84},[48,74877,1764],{"class":488},[48,74879,365],{"class":84},[48,74881,489],{"class":488},[48,74883,365],{"class":84},[48,74885,5204],{"class":488},[48,74887,3339],{"class":84},[48,74889,74890,74892,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,74891,3605],{"class":84},[48,74893,272],{"class":488},[48,74895,365],{"class":84},[48,74897,489],{"class":488},[48,74899,365],{"class":84},[48,74901,2152],{"class":488},[48,74903,3339],{"class":84},[20,74905,74906],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[162,74908,74909,74918,74927],{},[165,74910,27511,74911,74914,74915],{},[15,74912,74913],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74916,74917],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[165,74919,11629,74920,74923,74924,22275],{},[15,74921,74922],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[565,74925,74926],{},"current",[165,74928,74929,74930],{},"So it prints ",[15,74931,74932],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[34,74934,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,74936,12418,74938,55168],{"id":74937},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74939,73212],{},[20,74941,62297,74942,32],{},[15,74943,3483],{},[1200,74945,33918,74947,33921,74949,1564],{"id":74946},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74948,73207],{},[15,74950,74951],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74953,74954,74956],{},[15,74955,73207],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74958,74959,74961],{},[15,74960,74951],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1200,74963,28044,74965,74967],{"id":74964},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74966,73207],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74969,46071,74970,74972],{},[15,74971,73207],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1200,74974,74976],{"id":74975},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74978,74979],{},"Use slicing:",[39,74981,74983],{"className":41,"code":74982,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74984,74985],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,74986,74987,74989,74991,74993,74995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,74988,8050],{"class":54},[48,74990,73808],{"class":84},[48,74992,1724],{"class":58},[48,74994,272],{"class":488},[48,74996,3339],{"class":84},[20,74998,74999],{},"Or use:",[39,75001,75003],{"className":41,"code":75002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75004,75005],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75006,75007,75009,75011,75014,75016,75018],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75008,7804],{"class":1047},[48,75010,91],{"class":84},[48,75012,75013],{"class":108},"reversed",[48,75015,91],{"class":84},[48,75017,8050],{"class":87},[48,75019,1034],{"class":84},[20,75021,75022,75023,75027],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[224,75024,55219,75025],{"href":54659},[15,75026,12490],{}," can also help.",[34,75029,1599],{"id":1598},[162,75031,75032,75038,75044,75048,75052],{},[165,75033,75034],{},[224,75035,55219,75036,754],{"href":74461},[15,75037,64005],{},[165,75039,75040],{},[224,75041,3277,75042,3210],{"href":74207},[15,75043,74110],{},[165,75045,75046],{},[224,75047,74493],{"href":74492},[165,75049,75050],{},[224,75051,73908],{"href":73225},[165,75053,75054],{},[224,75055,55219,75056,754],{"href":54659},[15,75057,12490],{},[1633,75059,75060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":75062},[75063,75064,75066,75067,75068,75070,75071,75078,75080,75081,75090],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":73286,"depth":73,"text":75065},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":73645,"depth":73,"text":75069},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73911,"depth":73,"text":73912},{"id":74105,"depth":73,"text":75072,"children":75073},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75074,75075,75076,75077],{"id":73263,"depth":105,"text":73207},{"id":74200,"depth":105,"text":74110},{"id":74322,"depth":105,"text":74323},{"id":74437,"depth":105,"text":74438},{"id":74468,"depth":73,"text":75079},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":75082},[75083,75085,75087,75089],{"id":74937,"depth":105,"text":75084},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74946,"depth":105,"text":75086},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74964,"depth":105,"text":75088},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74975,"depth":105,"text":74976},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73199,"description":75091},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75098,"title":75099,"body":75100,"description":77531,"extension":1666,"meta":77532,"navigation":122,"path":77533,"seo":77534,"stem":77535,"__hash__":77536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75101,"toc":77499},[75102,75105,75117,75120,75143,75151,75153,75265,75274,75278,75281,75284,75371,75373,75406,75408,75431,75437,75441,75444,75466,75468,75485,75488,75508,75510,75620,75622,75699,75703,75706,75748,75750,75883,75885,75987,75992,75996,75999,76001,76015,76018,76132,76134,76208,76210,76238,76242,76247,76277,76280,76406,76408,76490,76496,76500,76502,76541,76549,76553,76556,76560,76607,76609,76617,76621,76672,76674,76687,76689,76703,76706,76714,76716,76763,76765,76773,76776,76819,76824,76827,76830,76853,76857,76908,76911,76932,76942,76946,76948,76978,76981,77004,77008,77011,77078,77080,77117,77120,77128,77195,77197,77234,77240,77247,77251,77254,77284,77289,77293,77296,77320,77323,77417,77427,77429,77433,77436,77440,77443,77448,77451,77457,77460,77462,77490,77496],[10,75103,75099],{"id":75104},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75106,75107,75108,1888,75110,16789,75113,75116],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75109,390],{},[15,75111,75112],{},"stop",[15,75114,75115],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75118,75119],{},"The basic slice form is:",[39,75121,75123],{"className":41,"code":75122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75124,75125],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75126,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75128,8050],{"class":54},[48,75130,3605],{"class":84},[48,75132,390],{"class":54},[48,75134,503],{"class":84},[48,75136,75112],{"class":54},[48,75138,503],{"class":84},[48,75140,75115],{"class":54},[48,75142,3339],{"class":84},[20,75144,75145,75146,75148,75149,32],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75147,75112],{}," position is ",[565,75150,64760],{},[34,75152,37],{"id":36},[39,75154,75156],{"className":41,"code":75155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75157,75158,75186,75190,75211,75229,75246],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75159,75160,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75161,3321],{"class":54},[48,75163,59],{"class":58},[48,75165,3326],{"class":84},[48,75167,2031],{"class":488},[48,75169,365],{"class":84},[48,75171,7500],{"class":488},[48,75173,365],{"class":84},[48,75175,7505],{"class":488},[48,75177,365],{"class":84},[48,75179,50549],{"class":488},[48,75181,365],{"class":84},[48,75183,4787],{"class":488},[48,75185,3339],{"class":84},[48,75187,75188],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75189,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,75191,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75193,109],{"class":108},[48,75195,91],{"class":84},[48,75197,3353],{"class":87},[48,75199,3605],{"class":84},[48,75201,272],{"class":488},[48,75203,503],{"class":84},[48,75205,907],{"class":488},[48,75207,20163],{"class":84},[48,75209,75210],{"class":129},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[48,75212,75213,75215,75217,75219,75222,75224,75226],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75214,109],{"class":108},[48,75216,91],{"class":84},[48,75218,3353],{"class":87},[48,75220,75221],{"class":84},"[:",[48,75223,1764],{"class":488},[48,75225,20163],{"class":84},[48,75227,75228],{"class":129},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[48,75230,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,75232,109],{"class":108},[48,75234,91],{"class":84},[48,75236,3353],{"class":87},[48,75238,73808],{"class":84},[48,75240,280],{"class":488},[48,75242,20163],{"class":84},[48,75244,75245],{"class":129},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[48,75247,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,75249,109],{"class":108},[48,75251,91],{"class":84},[48,75253,3353],{"class":87},[48,75255,73808],{"class":84},[48,75257,1724],{"class":58},[48,75259,272],{"class":488},[48,75261,20163],{"class":84},[48,75263,75264],{"class":129},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75266,139,75267,75270,75271,75273],{},[15,75268,75269],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75272,75112],{}," value is not included.",[34,75275,75277],{"id":75276},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75279,75280],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75282,75283],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[39,75285,75287],{"className":41,"code":75286,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75288,75289,75337,75341,75360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75290,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75292,35800],{"class":54},[48,75294,59],{"class":58},[48,75296,3326],{"class":84},[48,75298,94],{"class":62},[48,75300,224],{"class":66},[48,75302,94],{"class":62},[48,75304,365],{"class":84},[48,75306,63],{"class":62},[48,75308,4466],{"class":66},[48,75310,94],{"class":62},[48,75312,365],{"class":84},[48,75314,63],{"class":62},[48,75316,632],{"class":66},[48,75318,94],{"class":62},[48,75320,365],{"class":84},[48,75322,63],{"class":62},[48,75324,18485],{"class":66},[48,75326,94],{"class":62},[48,75328,365],{"class":84},[48,75330,63],{"class":62},[48,75332,1247],{"class":66},[48,75334,94],{"class":62},[48,75336,3339],{"class":84},[48,75338,75339],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75340,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,75342,75343,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75344,75345],{"class":54},"part ",[48,75347,59],{"class":58},[48,75349,69782],{"class":54},[48,75351,3605],{"class":84},[48,75353,272],{"class":488},[48,75355,503],{"class":84},[48,75357,907],{"class":488},[48,75359,3339],{"class":84},[48,75361,75362,75364,75366,75369],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75363,109],{"class":108},[48,75365,91],{"class":84},[48,75367,75368],{"class":87},"part",[48,75370,102],{"class":84},[20,75372,1037],{},[39,75374,75376],{"className":41,"code":75375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75377,75378],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75379,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75381,3605],{"class":84},[48,75383,3001],{"class":62},[48,75385,4466],{"class":66},[48,75387,3001],{"class":62},[48,75389,365],{"class":84},[48,75391,2996],{"class":62},[48,75393,632],{"class":66},[48,75395,3001],{"class":62},[48,75397,365],{"class":84},[48,75399,2996],{"class":62},[48,75401,18485],{"class":66},[48,75403,3001],{"class":62},[48,75405,3339],{"class":84},[20,75407,160],{},[162,75409,75410,75413,75416,75422,75428],{},[165,75411,75412],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[165,75414,75415],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[165,75417,75418,75419],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75420,75421],{},"list[start:stop]",[165,75423,75424,75425,75427],{},"The item at ",[15,75426,75112],{}," is not included",[165,75429,75430],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75432,75433,75434,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[224,75435,75436],{"href":50684},"beginner guide to Python lists",[34,75438,75440],{"id":75439},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75442,75443],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[39,75445,75446],{"className":41,"code":75122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,75447,75448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75449,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75451,8050],{"class":54},[48,75453,3605],{"class":84},[48,75455,390],{"class":54},[48,75457,503],{"class":84},[48,75459,75112],{"class":54},[48,75461,503],{"class":84},[48,75463,75115],{"class":54},[48,75465,3339],{"class":84},[20,75467,64736],{},[162,75469,75470,75475,75480],{},[165,75471,75472,75474],{},[15,75473,390],{}," is where slicing begins",[165,75476,75477,75479],{},[15,75478,75112],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[165,75481,75482,75484],{},[15,75483,75115],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75486,75487],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[162,75489,75490,75496,75501],{},[165,75491,75492,75493,75495],{},"Missing ",[15,75494,390],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[165,75497,75492,75498,75500],{},[15,75499,75112],{}," means go to the end of the list",[165,75502,75492,75503,75505,75506],{},[15,75504,75115],{}," means use ",[15,75507,272],{},[20,75509,182],{},[39,75511,75513],{"className":41,"code":75512,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75514,75515,75543,75547,75568,75585,75603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75516,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75518,3321],{"class":54},[48,75520,59],{"class":58},[48,75522,3326],{"class":84},[48,75524,2031],{"class":488},[48,75526,365],{"class":84},[48,75528,7500],{"class":488},[48,75530,365],{"class":84},[48,75532,7505],{"class":488},[48,75534,365],{"class":84},[48,75536,50549],{"class":488},[48,75538,365],{"class":84},[48,75540,4787],{"class":488},[48,75542,3339],{"class":84},[48,75544,75545],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75546,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561,75563,75565],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75550,109],{"class":108},[48,75552,91],{"class":84},[48,75554,3353],{"class":87},[48,75556,3605],{"class":84},[48,75558,272],{"class":488},[48,75560,503],{"class":84},[48,75562,907],{"class":488},[48,75564,20163],{"class":84},[48,75566,75567],{"class":129},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[48,75569,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75571,109],{"class":108},[48,75573,91],{"class":84},[48,75575,3353],{"class":87},[48,75577,75221],{"class":84},[48,75579,1764],{"class":488},[48,75581,20163],{"class":84},[48,75583,75584],{"class":129},"    # start from the beginning\n",[48,75586,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75600],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,75588,109],{"class":108},[48,75590,91],{"class":84},[48,75592,3353],{"class":87},[48,75594,3605],{"class":84},[48,75596,280],{"class":488},[48,75598,75599],{"class":84},":])",[48,75601,75602],{"class":129},"    # go to the end\n",[48,75604,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,75606,109],{"class":108},[48,75608,91],{"class":84},[48,75610,3353],{"class":87},[48,75612,73808],{"class":84},[48,75614,272],{"class":488},[48,75616,20163],{"class":84},[48,75618,75619],{"class":129},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75621,1037],{},[39,75623,75625],{"className":41,"code":75624,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75626,75627,75643,75659,75675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75628,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75630,3605],{"class":84},[48,75632,15470],{"class":488},[48,75634,365],{"class":84},[48,75636,7505],{"class":488},[48,75638,365],{"class":84},[48,75640,50549],{"class":488},[48,75642,3339],{"class":84},[48,75644,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75646,3605],{"class":84},[48,75648,2031],{"class":488},[48,75650,365],{"class":84},[48,75652,7500],{"class":488},[48,75654,365],{"class":84},[48,75656,7505],{"class":488},[48,75658,3339],{"class":84},[48,75660,75661,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75662,3605],{"class":84},[48,75664,36552],{"class":488},[48,75666,365],{"class":84},[48,75668,50549],{"class":488},[48,75670,365],{"class":84},[48,75672,4787],{"class":488},[48,75674,3339],{"class":84},[48,75676,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75678,3605],{"class":84},[48,75680,2031],{"class":488},[48,75682,365],{"class":84},[48,75684,7500],{"class":488},[48,75686,365],{"class":84},[48,75688,7505],{"class":488},[48,75690,365],{"class":84},[48,75692,50549],{"class":488},[48,75694,365],{"class":84},[48,75696,4787],{"class":488},[48,75698,3339],{"class":84},[34,75700,75702],{"id":75701},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75704,75705],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[162,75707,75708,75716,75725,75736,75742],{},[165,75709,75710,75713,75714,5673],{},[15,75711,75712],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75715,954],{},[165,75717,75718,75721,75722,75724],{},[15,75719,75720],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75723,954],{}," to the end",[165,75726,75727,75730,75731,75733,75734],{},[15,75728,75729],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75732,224],{}," up to ",[15,75735,4466],{},[165,75737,75738,75741],{},[15,75739,75740],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[165,75743,75744,75747],{},[15,75745,75746],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75749,182],{},[39,75751,75753],{"className":41,"code":75752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75754,75755,75788,75792,75809,75826,75847,75864],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75756,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75758,3321],{"class":54},[48,75760,59],{"class":58},[48,75762,3326],{"class":84},[48,75764,2031],{"class":488},[48,75766,365],{"class":84},[48,75768,7500],{"class":488},[48,75770,365],{"class":84},[48,75772,7505],{"class":488},[48,75774,365],{"class":84},[48,75776,50549],{"class":488},[48,75778,365],{"class":84},[48,75780,4787],{"class":488},[48,75782,365],{"class":84},[48,75784,75785],{"class":488}," 60",[48,75787,3339],{"class":84},[48,75789,75790],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75791,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,75793,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75795,109],{"class":108},[48,75797,91],{"class":84},[48,75799,3353],{"class":87},[48,75801,75221],{"class":84},[48,75803,1764],{"class":488},[48,75805,20163],{"class":84},[48,75807,75808],{"class":129},"    # first 3 items\n",[48,75810,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75812,109],{"class":108},[48,75814,91],{"class":84},[48,75816,3353],{"class":87},[48,75818,3605],{"class":84},[48,75820,1764],{"class":488},[48,75822,75599],{"class":84},[48,75824,75825],{"class":129},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[48,75827,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,75829,109],{"class":108},[48,75831,91],{"class":84},[48,75833,3353],{"class":87},[48,75835,3605],{"class":84},[48,75837,272],{"class":488},[48,75839,503],{"class":84},[48,75841,1837],{"class":488},[48,75843,20163],{"class":84},[48,75845,75846],{"class":129},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[48,75848,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,75850,109],{"class":108},[48,75852,91],{"class":84},[48,75854,3353],{"class":87},[48,75856,73808],{"class":84},[48,75858,280],{"class":488},[48,75860,20163],{"class":84},[48,75862,75863],{"class":129},"   # every second item\n",[48,75865,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,75867,109],{"class":108},[48,75869,91],{"class":84},[48,75871,3353],{"class":87},[48,75873,73808],{"class":84},[48,75875,1724],{"class":58},[48,75877,272],{"class":488},[48,75879,20163],{"class":84},[48,75881,75882],{"class":129},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75884,1037],{},[39,75886,75888],{"className":41,"code":75887,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75889,75890,75906,75922,75942,75958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,75891,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,75893,3605],{"class":84},[48,75895,2031],{"class":488},[48,75897,365],{"class":84},[48,75899,7500],{"class":488},[48,75901,365],{"class":84},[48,75903,7505],{"class":488},[48,75905,3339],{"class":84},[48,75907,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,75909,3605],{"class":84},[48,75911,56392],{"class":488},[48,75913,365],{"class":84},[48,75915,4787],{"class":488},[48,75917,365],{"class":84},[48,75919,75785],{"class":488},[48,75921,3339],{"class":84},[48,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,75925,3605],{"class":84},[48,75927,15470],{"class":488},[48,75929,365],{"class":84},[48,75931,7505],{"class":488},[48,75933,365],{"class":84},[48,75935,50549],{"class":488},[48,75937,365],{"class":84},[48,75939,4787],{"class":488},[48,75941,3339],{"class":84},[48,75943,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,75945,3605],{"class":84},[48,75947,2031],{"class":488},[48,75949,365],{"class":84},[48,75951,7505],{"class":488},[48,75953,365],{"class":84},[48,75955,4787],{"class":488},[48,75957,3339],{"class":84},[48,75959,75960,75962,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,75961,3605],{"class":84},[48,75963,75964],{"class":488},"60",[48,75966,365],{"class":84},[48,75968,4787],{"class":488},[48,75970,365],{"class":84},[48,75972,50549],{"class":488},[48,75974,365],{"class":84},[48,75976,7505],{"class":488},[48,75978,365],{"class":84},[48,75980,7500],{"class":488},[48,75982,365],{"class":84},[48,75984,5712],{"class":488},[48,75986,3339],{"class":84},[20,75988,75989,75990,32],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[224,75991,14603],{"href":56919},[34,75993,75995],{"id":75994},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75997,75998],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76000,5178],{},[162,76002,76003,76009],{},[165,76004,76005,76008],{},[15,76006,76007],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[165,76010,76011,76014],{},[15,76012,76013],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76016,76017],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[39,76019,76021],{"className":41,"code":76020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76022,76023,76071,76075,76094,76113],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76024,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76026,35800],{"class":54},[48,76028,59],{"class":58},[48,76030,3326],{"class":84},[48,76032,94],{"class":62},[48,76034,224],{"class":66},[48,76036,94],{"class":62},[48,76038,365],{"class":84},[48,76040,63],{"class":62},[48,76042,4466],{"class":66},[48,76044,94],{"class":62},[48,76046,365],{"class":84},[48,76048,63],{"class":62},[48,76050,632],{"class":66},[48,76052,94],{"class":62},[48,76054,365],{"class":84},[48,76056,63],{"class":62},[48,76058,18485],{"class":66},[48,76060,94],{"class":62},[48,76062,365],{"class":84},[48,76064,63],{"class":62},[48,76066,1247],{"class":66},[48,76068,94],{"class":62},[48,76070,3339],{"class":84},[48,76072,76073],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76074,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76076,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76078,109],{"class":108},[48,76080,91],{"class":84},[48,76082,35853],{"class":87},[48,76084,3605],{"class":84},[48,76086,1724],{"class":58},[48,76088,272],{"class":488},[48,76090,20163],{"class":84},[48,76092,76093],{"class":129},"    # last item\n",[48,76095,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,76097,109],{"class":108},[48,76099,91],{"class":84},[48,76101,35853],{"class":87},[48,76103,3605],{"class":84},[48,76105,1724],{"class":58},[48,76107,1764],{"class":488},[48,76109,75599],{"class":84},[48,76111,76112],{"class":129},"   # last 3 items\n",[48,76114,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,76116,109],{"class":108},[48,76118,91],{"class":84},[48,76120,35853],{"class":87},[48,76122,75221],{"class":84},[48,76124,1724],{"class":58},[48,76126,272],{"class":488},[48,76128,20163],{"class":84},[48,76130,76131],{"class":129},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76133,1037],{},[39,76135,76137],{"className":41,"code":76136,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76138,76139,76144,76172],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76140,76141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76142,76143],{"class":54},"e\n",[48,76145,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76147,3605],{"class":84},[48,76149,3001],{"class":62},[48,76151,632],{"class":66},[48,76153,3001],{"class":62},[48,76155,365],{"class":84},[48,76157,2996],{"class":62},[48,76159,18485],{"class":66},[48,76161,3001],{"class":62},[48,76163,365],{"class":84},[48,76165,2996],{"class":62},[48,76167,1247],{"class":66},[48,76169,3001],{"class":62},[48,76171,3339],{"class":84},[48,76173,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76175,3605],{"class":84},[48,76177,3001],{"class":62},[48,76179,224],{"class":66},[48,76181,3001],{"class":62},[48,76183,365],{"class":84},[48,76185,2996],{"class":62},[48,76187,4466],{"class":66},[48,76189,3001],{"class":62},[48,76191,365],{"class":84},[48,76193,2996],{"class":62},[48,76195,632],{"class":66},[48,76197,3001],{"class":62},[48,76199,365],{"class":84},[48,76201,2996],{"class":62},[48,76203,18485],{"class":66},[48,76205,3001],{"class":62},[48,76207,3339],{"class":84},[20,76209,160],{},[162,76211,76212,76215,76219,76225,76231],{},[165,76213,76214],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[165,76216,76217,76008],{},[15,76218,76007],{},[165,76220,76221,76224],{},[15,76222,76223],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[165,76226,76227,76230],{},[15,76228,76229],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[165,76232,76233,76234,500,76236],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76235,390],{},[15,76237,75112],{},[34,76239,76241],{"id":76240},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76243,765,76244,76246],{},[15,76245,75115],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[162,76248,76249,76252,76255,76260,76270],{},[165,76250,76251],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[165,76253,76254],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[165,76256,76257,76259],{},[15,76258,75746],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[165,76261,8586,76262,76264,76265,76267,76268],{},[15,76263,75115],{}," is negative, ",[15,76266,390],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76269,75112],{},[165,76271,76272,76274,76275],{},[15,76273,75115],{}," cannot be ",[15,76276,578],{},[20,76278,76279],{},"Example with different step values:",[39,76281,76283],{"className":41,"code":76282,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76284,76285,76317,76321,76338,76360,76379],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76286,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76288,3321],{"class":54},[48,76290,59],{"class":58},[48,76292,3326],{"class":84},[48,76294,2031],{"class":488},[48,76296,365],{"class":84},[48,76298,7500],{"class":488},[48,76300,365],{"class":84},[48,76302,7505],{"class":488},[48,76304,365],{"class":84},[48,76306,50549],{"class":488},[48,76308,365],{"class":84},[48,76310,4787],{"class":488},[48,76312,365],{"class":84},[48,76314,75785],{"class":488},[48,76316,3339],{"class":84},[48,76318,76319],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76320,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76322,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76324,109],{"class":108},[48,76326,91],{"class":84},[48,76328,3353],{"class":87},[48,76330,73808],{"class":84},[48,76332,280],{"class":488},[48,76334,20163],{"class":84},[48,76336,76337],{"class":129},"     # every second item\n",[48,76339,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76353,76355,76357],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,76341,109],{"class":108},[48,76343,91],{"class":84},[48,76345,3353],{"class":87},[48,76347,3605],{"class":84},[48,76349,272],{"class":488},[48,76351,76352],{"class":84},"::",[48,76354,280],{"class":488},[48,76356,20163],{"class":84},[48,76358,76359],{"class":129},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[48,76361,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,76363,109],{"class":108},[48,76365,91],{"class":84},[48,76367,3353],{"class":87},[48,76369,73808],{"class":84},[48,76371,1724],{"class":58},[48,76373,272],{"class":488},[48,76375,20163],{"class":84},[48,76377,76378],{"class":129},"    # reverse the list\n",[48,76380,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,76382,109],{"class":108},[48,76384,91],{"class":84},[48,76386,3353],{"class":87},[48,76388,3605],{"class":84},[48,76390,907],{"class":488},[48,76392,503],{"class":84},[48,76394,272],{"class":488},[48,76396,503],{"class":84},[48,76398,1724],{"class":58},[48,76400,272],{"class":488},[48,76402,20163],{"class":84},[48,76404,76405],{"class":129},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76407,1037],{},[39,76409,76411],{"className":41,"code":76410,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76412,76413,76429,76445,76473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76414,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76416,3605],{"class":84},[48,76418,2031],{"class":488},[48,76420,365],{"class":84},[48,76422,7505],{"class":488},[48,76424,365],{"class":84},[48,76426,4787],{"class":488},[48,76428,3339],{"class":84},[48,76430,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76432,3605],{"class":84},[48,76434,15470],{"class":488},[48,76436,365],{"class":84},[48,76438,50549],{"class":488},[48,76440,365],{"class":84},[48,76442,75785],{"class":488},[48,76444,3339],{"class":84},[48,76446,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76448,3605],{"class":84},[48,76450,75964],{"class":488},[48,76452,365],{"class":84},[48,76454,4787],{"class":488},[48,76456,365],{"class":84},[48,76458,50549],{"class":488},[48,76460,365],{"class":84},[48,76462,7505],{"class":488},[48,76464,365],{"class":84},[48,76466,7500],{"class":488},[48,76468,365],{"class":84},[48,76470,5712],{"class":488},[48,76472,3339],{"class":84},[48,76474,76475,76477,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,76476,3605],{"class":84},[48,76478,76479],{"class":488},"50",[48,76481,365],{"class":84},[48,76483,50549],{"class":488},[48,76485,365],{"class":84},[48,76487,7505],{"class":488},[48,76489,3339],{"class":84},[20,76491,76492,76493,32],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[224,76494,76495],{"href":74492},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1200,76497,76499],{"id":76498},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76501,2535],{},[39,76503,76505],{"className":41,"code":76504,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76506,76507,76527],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76508,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76510,3321],{"class":54},[48,76512,59],{"class":58},[48,76514,3326],{"class":84},[48,76516,272],{"class":488},[48,76518,365],{"class":84},[48,76520,489],{"class":488},[48,76522,365],{"class":84},[48,76524,2152],{"class":488},[48,76526,3339],{"class":84},[48,76528,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76530,109],{"class":108},[48,76532,91],{"class":84},[48,76534,3353],{"class":87},[48,76536,73808],{"class":84},[48,76538,578],{"class":488},[48,76540,3593],{"class":84},[20,76542,1553,76543,76545,76546,76548],{},[15,76544,31],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76547,578],{}," does not make sense.",[34,76550,76552],{"id":76551},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76554,76555],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1200,76557,76559],{"id":76558},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[39,76561,76563],{"className":41,"code":76562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76564,76565,76589,76593],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76566,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76568,3321],{"class":54},[48,76570,59],{"class":58},[48,76572,3326],{"class":84},[48,76574,2031],{"class":488},[48,76576,365],{"class":84},[48,76578,7500],{"class":488},[48,76580,365],{"class":84},[48,76582,7505],{"class":488},[48,76584,365],{"class":84},[48,76586,50549],{"class":488},[48,76588,3339],{"class":84},[48,76590,76591],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76592,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76594,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76596,109],{"class":108},[48,76598,91],{"class":84},[48,76600,3353],{"class":87},[48,76602,3605],{"class":84},[48,76604,280],{"class":488},[48,76606,3593],{"class":84},[20,76608,1037],{},[39,76610,76611],{"className":41,"code":69526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,76612,76613],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76614,76615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76616,69526],{"class":488},[1200,76618,76620],{"id":76619},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[39,76622,76624],{"className":41,"code":76623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76625,76626,76650,76654],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76627,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76629,3321],{"class":54},[48,76631,59],{"class":58},[48,76633,3326],{"class":84},[48,76635,2031],{"class":488},[48,76637,365],{"class":84},[48,76639,7500],{"class":488},[48,76641,365],{"class":84},[48,76643,7505],{"class":488},[48,76645,365],{"class":84},[48,76647,50549],{"class":488},[48,76649,3339],{"class":84},[48,76651,76652],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76653,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76655,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76657,109],{"class":108},[48,76659,91],{"class":84},[48,76661,3353],{"class":87},[48,76663,3605],{"class":84},[48,76665,280],{"class":488},[48,76667,503],{"class":84},[48,76669,1764],{"class":488},[48,76671,3593],{"class":84},[20,76673,1037],{},[39,76675,76677],{"className":41,"code":76676,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[30]\n",[15,76678,76679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76680,76681,76683,76685],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76682,3605],{"class":84},[48,76684,36552],{"class":488},[48,76686,3339],{"class":84},[20,76688,13477],{},[162,76690,76691,76697],{},[165,76692,76693,76696],{},[15,76694,76695],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[165,76698,76699,76702],{},[15,76700,76701],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76704,76705],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[162,76707,76708,76711],{},[165,76709,76710],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[165,76712,76713],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76715,182],{},[39,76717,76719],{"className":41,"code":76718,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76720,76721,76741,76745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76722,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731,76733,76735,76737,76739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76724,3321],{"class":54},[48,76726,59],{"class":58},[48,76728,3326],{"class":84},[48,76730,2031],{"class":488},[48,76732,365],{"class":84},[48,76734,7500],{"class":488},[48,76736,365],{"class":84},[48,76738,7505],{"class":488},[48,76740,3339],{"class":84},[48,76742,76743],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76744,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76746,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76748,109],{"class":108},[48,76750,91],{"class":84},[48,76752,3353],{"class":87},[48,76754,3605],{"class":84},[48,76756,1837],{"class":488},[48,76758,503],{"class":84},[48,76760,2031],{"class":488},[48,76762,3593],{"class":84},[20,76764,1037],{},[39,76766,76767],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,76768,76769],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76770,76771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76772,38006],{"class":84},[20,76774,76775],{},"But this would raise an error:",[39,76777,76779],{"className":41,"code":76778,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76780,76781,76801,76805],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76782,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76784,3321],{"class":54},[48,76786,59],{"class":58},[48,76788,3326],{"class":84},[48,76790,2031],{"class":488},[48,76792,365],{"class":84},[48,76794,7500],{"class":488},[48,76796,365],{"class":84},[48,76798,7505],{"class":488},[48,76800,3339],{"class":84},[48,76802,76803],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76804,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,76806,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815,76817],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,76808,109],{"class":108},[48,76810,91],{"class":84},[48,76812,3353],{"class":87},[48,76814,3605],{"class":84},[48,76816,1837],{"class":488},[48,76818,3593],{"class":84},[20,76820,76821,76822,32],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[224,76823,68945],{"href":68944},[34,76825,14892],{"id":76826},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76828,76829],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[162,76831,76832,76836,76838,76841,76847],{},[165,76833,4409,76834,75427],{},[15,76835,75112],{},[165,76837,60388],{},[165,76839,76840],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[165,76842,36914,76843,8415,76845],{},[15,76844,75746],{},[15,76846,73212],{},[165,76848,76849,76850,76852],{},"Using step ",[15,76851,578],{},", which causes an error",[1200,76854,76856],{"id":76855},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[39,76858,76860],{"className":41,"code":76859,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76861,76862,76890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76863,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76865,3321],{"class":54},[48,76867,59],{"class":58},[48,76869,3326],{"class":84},[48,76871,2031],{"class":488},[48,76873,365],{"class":84},[48,76875,7500],{"class":488},[48,76877,365],{"class":84},[48,76879,7505],{"class":488},[48,76881,365],{"class":84},[48,76883,50549],{"class":488},[48,76885,365],{"class":84},[48,76887,4787],{"class":488},[48,76889,3339],{"class":84},[48,76891,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76893,109],{"class":108},[48,76895,91],{"class":84},[48,76897,3353],{"class":87},[48,76899,3605],{"class":84},[48,76901,272],{"class":488},[48,76903,503],{"class":84},[48,76905,907],{"class":488},[48,76907,3593],{"class":84},[20,76909,76910],{},"This returns:",[39,76912,76914],{"className":41,"code":76913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76915,76916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76919,3605],{"class":84},[48,76921,15470],{"class":488},[48,76923,365],{"class":84},[48,76925,7505],{"class":488},[48,76927,365],{"class":84},[48,76929,50549],{"class":488},[48,76931,3339],{"class":84},[20,76933,40615,76934,76936,76937,76939,76940,32],{},[565,76935,1055],{}," include ",[15,76938,76479],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76941,907],{},[1200,76943,76945],{"id":76944},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76947,16360],{},[39,76949,76951],{"className":41,"code":76950,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76952,76953,76973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76954,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76956,3321],{"class":54},[48,76958,59],{"class":58},[48,76960,3326],{"class":84},[48,76962,2031],{"class":488},[48,76964,365],{"class":84},[48,76966,7500],{"class":488},[48,76968,365],{"class":84},[48,76970,7505],{"class":488},[48,76972,3339],{"class":84},[48,76974,76975],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,76976,76977],{"class":129},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76979,76980],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[39,76982,76984],{"className":41,"code":76983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76985,76986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,76987,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996,76998,77000,77002],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,76989,109],{"class":108},[48,76991,91],{"class":84},[48,76993,3353],{"class":87},[48,76995,3605],{"class":84},[48,76997,272],{"class":488},[48,76999,503],{"class":84},[48,77001,1764],{"class":488},[48,77003,3593],{"class":84},[1200,77005,77007],{"id":77006},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77009,77010],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[39,77012,77014],{"className":41,"code":77013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77015,77016,77040,77054,77058,77068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77017,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77019,3321],{"class":54},[48,77021,59],{"class":58},[48,77023,3326],{"class":84},[48,77025,2031],{"class":488},[48,77027,365],{"class":84},[48,77029,7500],{"class":488},[48,77031,365],{"class":84},[48,77033,7505],{"class":488},[48,77035,365],{"class":84},[48,77037,50549],{"class":488},[48,77039,3339],{"class":84},[48,77041,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77043,75345],{"class":54},[48,77045,59],{"class":58},[48,77047,3969],{"class":54},[48,77049,75221],{"class":84},[48,77051,280],{"class":488},[48,77053,3339],{"class":84},[48,77055,77056],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77057,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,77059,77060,77062,77064,77066],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77061,109],{"class":108},[48,77063,91],{"class":84},[48,77065,75368],{"class":87},[48,77067,102],{"class":84},[48,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,77071,109],{"class":108},[48,77073,91],{"class":84},[48,77075,3353],{"class":87},[48,77077,102],{"class":84},[20,77079,1037],{},[39,77081,77083],{"className":41,"code":77082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77084,77085,77097],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77086,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77088,3605],{"class":84},[48,77090,2031],{"class":488},[48,77092,365],{"class":84},[48,77094,7500],{"class":488},[48,77096,3339],{"class":84},[48,77098,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77100,3605],{"class":84},[48,77102,2031],{"class":488},[48,77104,365],{"class":84},[48,77106,7500],{"class":488},[48,77108,365],{"class":84},[48,77110,7505],{"class":488},[48,77112,365],{"class":84},[48,77114,50549],{"class":488},[48,77116,3339],{"class":84},[20,77118,77119],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1200,77121,77123,77124,8415,77126],{"id":77122},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77125,75746],{},[15,77127,73212],{},[39,77129,77131],{"className":41,"code":77130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77132,77133,77153,77157,77174,77185],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77134,77135,77137,77139,77141,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77136,3321],{"class":54},[48,77138,59],{"class":58},[48,77140,3326],{"class":84},[48,77142,2031],{"class":488},[48,77144,365],{"class":84},[48,77146,7500],{"class":488},[48,77148,365],{"class":84},[48,77150,7505],{"class":488},[48,77152,3339],{"class":84},[48,77154,77155],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77156,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,77158,77159,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77160,77161],{"class":54},"reversed_copy ",[48,77163,59],{"class":58},[48,77165,3969],{"class":54},[48,77167,73808],{"class":84},[48,77169,1724],{"class":58},[48,77171,272],{"class":488},[48,77173,3339],{"class":84},[48,77175,77176,77178,77180,77183],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77177,109],{"class":108},[48,77179,91],{"class":84},[48,77181,77182],{"class":87},"reversed_copy",[48,77184,102],{"class":84},[48,77186,77187,77189,77191,77193],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,77188,109],{"class":108},[48,77190,91],{"class":84},[48,77192,3353],{"class":87},[48,77194,102],{"class":84},[20,77196,1037],{},[39,77198,77200],{"className":41,"code":77199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77201,77202,77218],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77203,77204,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77205,3605],{"class":84},[48,77207,36552],{"class":488},[48,77209,365],{"class":84},[48,77211,7500],{"class":488},[48,77213,365],{"class":84},[48,77215,5712],{"class":488},[48,77217,3339],{"class":84},[48,77219,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230,77232],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77221,3605],{"class":84},[48,77223,2031],{"class":488},[48,77225,365],{"class":84},[48,77227,7500],{"class":488},[48,77229,365],{"class":84},[48,77231,7505],{"class":488},[48,77233,3339],{"class":84},[20,77235,77236,77239],{},[15,77237,77238],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77241,77242,77243,77246],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77244,77245],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1200,77248,77250],{"id":77249},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77252,77253],{},"This is not allowed:",[39,77255,77257],{"className":41,"code":77256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77258,77259,77279],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77260,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77262,3321],{"class":54},[48,77264,59],{"class":58},[48,77266,3326],{"class":84},[48,77268,2031],{"class":488},[48,77270,365],{"class":84},[48,77272,7500],{"class":488},[48,77274,365],{"class":84},[48,77276,7505],{"class":488},[48,77278,3339],{"class":84},[48,77280,77281],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77282,77283],{"class":129},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77285,77286,77287,32],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77288,31],{},[34,77290,77292],{"id":77291},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77294,77295],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[162,77297,77298,77305,77311,77314,77317],{},[165,77299,36914,77300,500,77302,77304],{},[15,77301,390],{},[15,77303,75112],{}," positions",[165,77306,77307,77308,77310],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77309,75112],{}," index is included",[165,77312,77313],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[165,77315,77316],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[165,77318,77319],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77321,77322],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[39,77324,77326],{"className":41,"code":77325,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77327,77328,77338,77352,77370,77384,77401],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77331,109],{"class":108},[48,77333,91],{"class":84},[48,77335,8050],{"class":87},[48,77337,102],{"class":84},[48,77339,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77341,109],{"class":108},[48,77343,91],{"class":84},[48,77345,10874],{"class":108},[48,77347,91],{"class":84},[48,77349,8050],{"class":87},[48,77351,1034],{"class":84},[48,77353,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77355,109],{"class":108},[48,77357,91],{"class":84},[48,77359,8050],{"class":87},[48,77361,3605],{"class":84},[48,77363,272],{"class":488},[48,77365,503],{"class":84},[48,77367,907],{"class":488},[48,77369,3593],{"class":84},[48,77371,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77373,109],{"class":108},[48,77375,91],{"class":84},[48,77377,8050],{"class":87},[48,77379,75221],{"class":84},[48,77381,1764],{"class":488},[48,77383,3593],{"class":84},[48,77385,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,77387,109],{"class":108},[48,77389,91],{"class":84},[48,77391,8050],{"class":87},[48,77393,3605],{"class":84},[48,77395,1724],{"class":58},[48,77397,1764],{"class":488},[48,77399,77400],{"class":84},":])\n",[48,77402,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,77404,109],{"class":108},[48,77406,91],{"class":84},[48,77408,8050],{"class":87},[48,77410,73808],{"class":84},[48,77412,1724],{"class":58},[48,77414,272],{"class":488},[48,77416,3593],{"class":84},[20,77418,758,77419,77421,77422,77426],{},[15,77420,42068],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[224,77423,77425],{"href":77424},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[34,77428,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,77430,77432],{"id":77431},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77434,77435],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1200,77437,77439],{"id":77438},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77441,77442],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1200,77444,4849,77446,39670],{"id":77445},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77447,75746],{},[20,77449,77450],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1200,77452,77454,77455,1564],{"id":77453},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77456,70417],{},[20,77458,77459],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[34,77461,1599],{"id":1598},[162,77463,77464,77469,77474,77478,77482,77486],{},[165,77465,77466],{},[224,77467,77468],{"href":50684},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[165,77470,77471],{},[224,77472,77473],{"href":56853},"How to create a list in Python",[165,77475,77476],{},[224,77477,14680],{"href":56919},[165,77479,77480],{},[224,77481,74493],{"href":74492},[165,77483,77484],{},[224,77485,77425],{"href":77424},[165,77487,77488],{},[224,77489,68945],{"href":68944},[20,77491,77492,77493,77495],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77494,42068],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1633,77497,77498],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":77500},[77501,77502,77503,77504,77505,77506,77509,77513,77521,77522,77530],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":75276,"depth":73,"text":75277},{"id":75439,"depth":73,"text":75440},{"id":75701,"depth":73,"text":75702},{"id":75994,"depth":73,"text":75995},{"id":76240,"depth":73,"text":76241,"children":77507},[77508],{"id":76498,"depth":105,"text":76499},{"id":76551,"depth":73,"text":76552,"children":77510},[77511,77512],{"id":76558,"depth":105,"text":76559},{"id":76619,"depth":105,"text":76620},{"id":76826,"depth":73,"text":14892,"children":77514},[77515,77516,77517,77518,77520],{"id":76855,"depth":105,"text":76856},{"id":76944,"depth":105,"text":76945},{"id":77006,"depth":105,"text":77007},{"id":77122,"depth":105,"text":77519},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77249,"depth":105,"text":77250},{"id":77291,"depth":73,"text":77292},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":77523},[77524,77525,77526,77528],{"id":77431,"depth":105,"text":77432},{"id":77438,"depth":105,"text":77439},{"id":77445,"depth":105,"text":77527},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77453,"depth":105,"text":77529},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75099,"description":77531},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77538,"title":77539,"body":77540,"description":79609,"extension":1666,"meta":79610,"navigation":122,"path":79611,"seo":79612,"stem":79613,"__hash__":79614},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77541,"toc":79575},[77542,77547,77553,77559,77561,77608,77615,77620,77624,77639,77642,77695,77697,77722,77727,77729,77761,77764,77780,77782,77843,77845,77870,77874,77879,77932,77934,77959,77964,78025,78027,78052,78055,78062,78066,78069,78130,78132,78165,78168,78229,78231,78264,78270,78343,78345,78377,78384,78389,78394,78396,78408,78411,78489,78491,78532,78535,78609,78611,78644,78649,78656,78663,78667,78676,78680,78688,78690,78757,78759,78795,78800,78811,78813,78818,78823,78825,78888,78890,78915,78922,78927,78931,78934,78974,78979,78985,78990,78992,79019,79024,79027,79074,79076,79133,79140,79145,79151,79220,79224,79227,79290,79292,79325,79330,79332,79335,79416,79418,79442,79448,79450,79455,79459,79466,79474,79478,79480,79503,79507,79509,79536,79539,79546,79549,79551,79572],[10,77543,54041,77545,18],{"id":77544},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77546,64005],{},[20,77548,77549,77552],{},[15,77550,77551],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77554,77555,77556,77558],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77557,64005],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[34,77560,37],{"id":36},[39,77562,77564],{"className":41,"code":77563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77565,77566,77586,77596],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77567,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77569,3321],{"class":54},[48,77571,59],{"class":58},[48,77573,3326],{"class":84},[48,77575,1764],{"class":488},[48,77577,365],{"class":84},[48,77579,5204],{"class":488},[48,77581,365],{"class":84},[48,77583,489],{"class":488},[48,77585,3339],{"class":84},[48,77587,77588,77590,77592,77594],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77589,3353],{"class":54},[48,77591,32],{"class":84},[48,77593,34511],{"class":87},[48,77595,8353],{"class":84},[48,77597,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77599,109],{"class":108},[48,77601,91],{"class":84},[48,77603,3353],{"class":87},[48,77605,3366],{"class":84},[48,77607,54631],{"class":129},[20,77609,139,77610,77612,77613,32],{},[15,77611,77551],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77614,3483],{},[34,77616,148,77618,152],{"id":77617},"what-listsort-does",[15,77619,77551],{},[20,77621,77622,503],{},[15,77623,77551],{},[162,77625,77626,77629,77632,77636],{},[165,77627,77628],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[165,77630,77631],{},"Changes the original list",[165,77633,1270,77634],{},[15,77635,3483],{},[165,77637,77638],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77640,77641],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[39,77643,77645],{"className":41,"code":77644,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77646,77647,77671,77681,77685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77648,77649,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77650,3321],{"class":54},[48,77652,59],{"class":58},[48,77654,3326],{"class":84},[48,77656,1837],{"class":488},[48,77658,365],{"class":84},[48,77660,489],{"class":488},[48,77662,365],{"class":84},[48,77664,53835],{"class":488},[48,77666,365],{"class":84},[48,77668,5204],{"class":488},[48,77670,3339],{"class":84},[48,77672,77673,77675,77677,77679],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77674,3353],{"class":54},[48,77676,32],{"class":84},[48,77678,34511],{"class":87},[48,77680,8353],{"class":84},[48,77682,77683],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77684,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,77686,77687,77689,77691,77693],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77688,109],{"class":108},[48,77690,91],{"class":84},[48,77692,3353],{"class":87},[48,77694,102],{"class":84},[20,77696,1037],{},[39,77698,77700],{"className":41,"code":77699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77701,77702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77705,3605],{"class":84},[48,77707,272],{"class":488},[48,77709,365],{"class":84},[48,77711,489],{"class":488},[48,77713,365],{"class":84},[48,77715,549],{"class":488},[48,77717,365],{"class":84},[48,77719,53835],{"class":488},[48,77721,3339],{"class":84},[20,77723,77724,77725,32],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[224,77726,66763],{"href":50684},[34,77728,340],{"id":339},[39,77730,77732],{"className":41,"code":77731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77733,77734],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77735,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77755,77757,77759],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77737,8050],{"class":54},[48,77739,32],{"class":84},[48,77741,34511],{"class":87},[48,77743,91],{"class":84},[48,77745,14556],{"class":8887},[48,77747,59],{"class":58},[48,77749,3483],{"class":3556},[48,77751,365],{"class":84},[48,77753,77754],{"class":8887}," reverse",[48,77756,59],{"class":58},[48,77758,3379],{"class":3556},[48,77760,102],{"class":84},[20,77762,77763],{},"Main arguments:",[162,77765,77766,77771,77777],{},[165,77767,77768,77770],{},[15,77769,14556],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[165,77772,77773,77776],{},[15,77774,77775],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[165,77778,77779],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77781,182],{},[39,77783,77785],{"className":41,"code":77784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77786,77787,77811,77829,77833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77788,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77790,3321],{"class":54},[48,77792,59],{"class":58},[48,77794,3326],{"class":84},[48,77796,907],{"class":488},[48,77798,365],{"class":84},[48,77800,5204],{"class":488},[48,77802,365],{"class":84},[48,77804,5701],{"class":488},[48,77806,365],{"class":84},[48,77808,489],{"class":488},[48,77810,3339],{"class":84},[48,77812,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77814,3353],{"class":54},[48,77816,32],{"class":84},[48,77818,34511],{"class":87},[48,77820,91],{"class":84},[48,77822,73263],{"class":8887},[48,77824,59],{"class":58},[48,77826,3306],{"class":3556},[48,77828,102],{"class":84},[48,77830,77831],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77832,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,77834,77835,77837,77839,77841],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77836,109],{"class":108},[48,77838,91],{"class":84},[48,77840,3353],{"class":87},[48,77842,102],{"class":84},[20,77844,1037],{},[39,77846,77848],{"className":41,"code":77847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77849,77850],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77851,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77853,3605],{"class":84},[48,77855,1727],{"class":488},[48,77857,365],{"class":84},[48,77859,878],{"class":488},[48,77861,365],{"class":84},[48,77863,489],{"class":488},[48,77865,365],{"class":84},[48,77867,5204],{"class":488},[48,77869,3339],{"class":84},[34,77871,77873],{"id":77872},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77875,139,77876,77878],{},[15,77877,64005],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[39,77880,77882],{"className":41,"code":77881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77883,77884,77908,77918,77922],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77885,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77887,3321],{"class":54},[48,77889,59],{"class":58},[48,77891,3326],{"class":84},[48,77893,2031],{"class":488},[48,77895,365],{"class":84},[48,77897,2152],{"class":488},[48,77899,365],{"class":84},[48,77901,6068],{"class":488},[48,77903,365],{"class":84},[48,77905,5204],{"class":488},[48,77907,3339],{"class":84},[48,77909,77910,77912,77914,77916],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77911,3353],{"class":54},[48,77913,32],{"class":84},[48,77915,34511],{"class":87},[48,77917,8353],{"class":84},[48,77919,77920],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,77921,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,77923,77924,77926,77928,77930],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,77925,109],{"class":108},[48,77927,91],{"class":84},[48,77929,3353],{"class":87},[48,77931,102],{"class":84},[20,77933,1037],{},[39,77935,77937],{"className":41,"code":77936,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77938,77939],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77940,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955,77957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77942,3605],{"class":84},[48,77944,272],{"class":488},[48,77946,365],{"class":84},[48,77948,2152],{"class":488},[48,77950,365],{"class":84},[48,77952,6068],{"class":488},[48,77954,365],{"class":84},[48,77956,5712],{"class":488},[48,77958,3339],{"class":84},[20,77960,139,77961,77963],{},[15,77962,77775],{}," for descending order:",[39,77965,77967],{"className":41,"code":77966,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77968,77969,77993,78011,78015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,77970,77971,77973,77975,77977,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,77972,3321],{"class":54},[48,77974,59],{"class":58},[48,77976,3326],{"class":84},[48,77978,2031],{"class":488},[48,77980,365],{"class":84},[48,77982,2152],{"class":488},[48,77984,365],{"class":84},[48,77986,6068],{"class":488},[48,77988,365],{"class":84},[48,77990,5204],{"class":488},[48,77992,3339],{"class":84},[48,77994,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78005,78007,78009],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,77996,3353],{"class":54},[48,77998,32],{"class":84},[48,78000,34511],{"class":87},[48,78002,91],{"class":84},[48,78004,73263],{"class":8887},[48,78006,59],{"class":58},[48,78008,3306],{"class":3556},[48,78010,102],{"class":84},[48,78012,78013],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78014,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78016,78017,78019,78021,78023],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78018,109],{"class":108},[48,78020,91],{"class":84},[48,78022,3353],{"class":87},[48,78024,102],{"class":84},[20,78026,1037],{},[39,78028,78030],{"className":41,"code":78029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78031,78032],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78035,3605],{"class":84},[48,78037,2031],{"class":488},[48,78039,365],{"class":84},[48,78041,6068],{"class":488},[48,78043,365],{"class":84},[48,78045,2152],{"class":488},[48,78047,365],{"class":84},[48,78049,5204],{"class":488},[48,78051,3339],{"class":84},[20,78053,78054],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78056,78057,78058,32],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[224,78059,78061],{"href":78060},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[34,78063,78065],{"id":78064},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78067,78068],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[39,78070,78072],{"className":41,"code":78071,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78073,78074,78106,78116,78120],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78077,3776],{"class":54},[48,78079,59],{"class":58},[48,78081,3326],{"class":84},[48,78083,94],{"class":62},[48,78085,198],{"class":66},[48,78087,94],{"class":62},[48,78089,365],{"class":84},[48,78091,63],{"class":62},[48,78093,3785],{"class":66},[48,78095,94],{"class":62},[48,78097,365],{"class":84},[48,78099,63],{"class":62},[48,78101,3802],{"class":66},[48,78103,94],{"class":62},[48,78105,3339],{"class":84},[48,78107,78108,78110,78112,78114],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78109,3819],{"class":54},[48,78111,32],{"class":84},[48,78113,34511],{"class":87},[48,78115,8353],{"class":84},[48,78117,78118],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78119,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78121,78122,78124,78126,78128],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78123,109],{"class":108},[48,78125,91],{"class":84},[48,78127,3819],{"class":87},[48,78129,102],{"class":84},[20,78131,1037],{},[39,78133,78135],{"className":41,"code":78134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78136,78137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78140,3605],{"class":84},[48,78142,3001],{"class":62},[48,78144,3785],{"class":66},[48,78146,3001],{"class":62},[48,78148,365],{"class":84},[48,78150,2996],{"class":62},[48,78152,198],{"class":66},[48,78154,3001],{"class":62},[48,78156,365],{"class":84},[48,78158,2996],{"class":62},[48,78160,3802],{"class":66},[48,78162,3001],{"class":62},[48,78164,3339],{"class":84},[20,78166,78167],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[39,78169,78171],{"className":41,"code":78170,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78172,78173,78205,78215,78219],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78176,3776],{"class":54},[48,78178,59],{"class":58},[48,78180,3326],{"class":84},[48,78182,94],{"class":62},[48,78184,198],{"class":66},[48,78186,94],{"class":62},[48,78188,365],{"class":84},[48,78190,63],{"class":62},[48,78192,57468],{"class":66},[48,78194,94],{"class":62},[48,78196,365],{"class":84},[48,78198,63],{"class":62},[48,78200,3802],{"class":66},[48,78202,94],{"class":62},[48,78204,3339],{"class":84},[48,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78208,3819],{"class":54},[48,78210,32],{"class":84},[48,78212,34511],{"class":87},[48,78214,8353],{"class":84},[48,78216,78217],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78218,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78220,78221,78223,78225,78227],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78222,109],{"class":108},[48,78224,91],{"class":84},[48,78226,3819],{"class":87},[48,78228,102],{"class":84},[20,78230,1037],{},[39,78232,78234],{"className":41,"code":78233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78235,78236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78237,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78239,3605],{"class":84},[48,78241,3001],{"class":62},[48,78243,57468],{"class":66},[48,78245,3001],{"class":62},[48,78247,365],{"class":84},[48,78249,2996],{"class":62},[48,78251,198],{"class":66},[48,78253,3001],{"class":62},[48,78255,365],{"class":84},[48,78257,2996],{"class":62},[48,78259,3802],{"class":66},[48,78261,3001],{"class":62},[48,78263,3339],{"class":84},[20,78265,78266,78267,503],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78268,78269],{},"key=str.lower",[39,78271,78273],{"className":41,"code":78272,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78274,78275,78307,78329,78333],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78276,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78278,3776],{"class":54},[48,78280,59],{"class":58},[48,78282,3326],{"class":84},[48,78284,94],{"class":62},[48,78286,198],{"class":66},[48,78288,94],{"class":62},[48,78290,365],{"class":84},[48,78292,63],{"class":62},[48,78294,57468],{"class":66},[48,78296,94],{"class":62},[48,78298,365],{"class":84},[48,78300,63],{"class":62},[48,78302,3802],{"class":66},[48,78304,94],{"class":62},[48,78306,3339],{"class":84},[48,78308,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78310,3819],{"class":54},[48,78312,32],{"class":84},[48,78314,34511],{"class":87},[48,78316,91],{"class":84},[48,78318,14556],{"class":8887},[48,78320,59],{"class":58},[48,78322,3144],{"class":1047},[48,78324,32],{"class":84},[48,78326,8350],{"class":24466},[48,78328,102],{"class":84},[48,78330,78331],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78332,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78334,78335,78337,78339,78341],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78336,109],{"class":108},[48,78338,91],{"class":84},[48,78340,3819],{"class":87},[48,78342,102],{"class":84},[20,78344,1037],{},[39,78346,78347],{"className":41,"code":78233,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,78348,78349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78350,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78352,3605],{"class":84},[48,78354,3001],{"class":62},[48,78356,57468],{"class":66},[48,78358,3001],{"class":62},[48,78360,365],{"class":84},[48,78362,2996],{"class":62},[48,78364,198],{"class":66},[48,78366,3001],{"class":62},[48,78368,365],{"class":84},[48,78370,2996],{"class":62},[48,78372,3802],{"class":66},[48,78374,3001],{"class":62},[48,78376,3339],{"class":84},[20,78378,78379,78380,78383],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78381,78382],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[34,78385,36323,78387,36326],{"id":78386},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78388,14556],{},[20,78390,765,78391,78393],{},[15,78392,14556],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78395,7051],{},[162,78397,78398,78403],{},[165,78399,78400,78402],{},[15,78401,10874],{}," to sort by length",[165,78404,78405,78407],{},[15,78406,78382],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78409,78410],{},"Sort words by length:",[39,78412,78414],{"className":41,"code":78413,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78415,78416,78457,78475,78479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78417,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78419,3776],{"class":54},[48,78421,59],{"class":58},[48,78423,3326],{"class":84},[48,78425,94],{"class":62},[48,78427,78428],{"class":66},"pear",[48,78430,94],{"class":62},[48,78432,365],{"class":84},[48,78434,63],{"class":62},[48,78436,198],{"class":66},[48,78438,94],{"class":62},[48,78440,365],{"class":84},[48,78442,63],{"class":62},[48,78444,38067],{"class":66},[48,78446,94],{"class":62},[48,78448,365],{"class":84},[48,78450,63],{"class":62},[48,78452,3785],{"class":66},[48,78454,94],{"class":62},[48,78456,3339],{"class":84},[48,78458,78459,78461,78463,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78460,3819],{"class":54},[48,78462,32],{"class":84},[48,78464,34511],{"class":87},[48,78466,91],{"class":84},[48,78468,14556],{"class":8887},[48,78470,59],{"class":58},[48,78472,10874],{"class":108},[48,78474,102],{"class":84},[48,78476,78477],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78478,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78482,109],{"class":108},[48,78484,91],{"class":84},[48,78486,3819],{"class":87},[48,78488,102],{"class":84},[20,78490,1037],{},[39,78492,78494],{"className":41,"code":78493,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78495,78496],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78497,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526,78528,78530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78499,3605],{"class":84},[48,78501,3001],{"class":62},[48,78503,38067],{"class":66},[48,78505,3001],{"class":62},[48,78507,365],{"class":84},[48,78509,2996],{"class":62},[48,78511,78428],{"class":66},[48,78513,3001],{"class":62},[48,78515,365],{"class":84},[48,78517,2996],{"class":62},[48,78519,3785],{"class":66},[48,78521,3001],{"class":62},[48,78523,365],{"class":84},[48,78525,2996],{"class":62},[48,78527,198],{"class":66},[48,78529,3001],{"class":62},[48,78531,3339],{"class":84},[20,78533,78534],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[39,78536,78538],{"className":41,"code":78537,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78539,78540,78573,78595,78599],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78541,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78569,78571],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78543,3776],{"class":54},[48,78545,59],{"class":58},[48,78547,3326],{"class":84},[48,78549,94],{"class":62},[48,78551,4719],{"class":66},[48,78553,94],{"class":62},[48,78555,365],{"class":84},[48,78557,63],{"class":62},[48,78559,17521],{"class":66},[48,78561,94],{"class":62},[48,78563,365],{"class":84},[48,78565,63],{"class":62},[48,78567,78568],{"class":66},"Carol",[48,78570,94],{"class":62},[48,78572,3339],{"class":84},[48,78574,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585,78587,78589,78591,78593],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78576,3819],{"class":54},[48,78578,32],{"class":84},[48,78580,34511],{"class":87},[48,78582,91],{"class":84},[48,78584,14556],{"class":8887},[48,78586,59],{"class":58},[48,78588,3144],{"class":1047},[48,78590,32],{"class":84},[48,78592,8350],{"class":24466},[48,78594,102],{"class":84},[48,78596,78597],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78598,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78600,78601,78603,78605,78607],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78602,109],{"class":108},[48,78604,91],{"class":84},[48,78606,3819],{"class":87},[48,78608,102],{"class":84},[20,78610,1037],{},[39,78612,78614],{"className":41,"code":78613,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78615,78616],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78619,3605],{"class":84},[48,78621,3001],{"class":62},[48,78623,17521],{"class":66},[48,78625,3001],{"class":62},[48,78627,365],{"class":84},[48,78629,2996],{"class":62},[48,78631,4719],{"class":66},[48,78633,3001],{"class":62},[48,78635,365],{"class":84},[48,78637,2996],{"class":62},[48,78639,78568],{"class":66},[48,78641,3001],{"class":62},[48,78643,3339],{"class":84},[20,78645,765,78646,78648],{},[15,78647,14556],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[34,78650,78652,1188,78654],{"id":78651},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78653,77551],{},[15,78655,74110],{},[20,78657,78658,500,78660,78662],{},[15,78659,77551],{},[15,78661,74110],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78664,78665,503],{},[15,78666,77551],{},[162,78668,78669,78672],{},[165,78670,78671],{},"Changes the existing list",[165,78673,1270,78674],{},[15,78675,3483],{},[20,78677,78678,503],{},[15,78679,74110],{},[162,78681,78682,78685],{},[165,78683,78684],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[165,78686,78687],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78689,182],{},[39,78691,78693],{"className":41,"code":78692,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78694,78695,78715,78719,78733,78737,78747],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78698,3321],{"class":54},[48,78700,59],{"class":58},[48,78702,3326],{"class":84},[48,78704,1764],{"class":488},[48,78706,365],{"class":84},[48,78708,5204],{"class":488},[48,78710,365],{"class":84},[48,78712,489],{"class":488},[48,78714,3339],{"class":84},[48,78716,78717],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78718,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78720,78721,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78722,55589],{"class":54},[48,78724,59],{"class":58},[48,78726,74244],{"class":108},[48,78728,91],{"class":84},[48,78730,3353],{"class":87},[48,78732,102],{"class":84},[48,78734,78735],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78736,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78738,78739,78741,78743,78745],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,78740,109],{"class":108},[48,78742,91],{"class":84},[48,78744,3353],{"class":87},[48,78746,102],{"class":84},[48,78748,78749,78751,78753,78755],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,78750,109],{"class":108},[48,78752,91],{"class":84},[48,78754,73967],{"class":87},[48,78756,102],{"class":84},[20,78758,1037],{},[39,78760,78761],{"className":41,"code":74279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,78762,78763,78779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78764,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78766,3605],{"class":84},[48,78768,1764],{"class":488},[48,78770,365],{"class":84},[48,78772,5204],{"class":488},[48,78774,365],{"class":84},[48,78776,489],{"class":488},[48,78778,3339],{"class":84},[48,78780,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78782,3605],{"class":84},[48,78784,272],{"class":488},[48,78786,365],{"class":84},[48,78788,489],{"class":488},[48,78790,365],{"class":84},[48,78792,2152],{"class":488},[48,78794,3339],{"class":84},[20,78796,139,78797,78799],{},[15,78798,74110],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78801,78802,78803,500,78807,32],{},"You can learn more in ",[224,78804,3277,78805,5490],{"href":74207},[15,78806,74110],{},[224,78808,78810],{"href":78809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[34,78812,1366],{"id":1365},[20,78814,78815,78816,32],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78817,77551],{},[1200,78819,12308,78821],{"id":78820},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78822,64005],{},[20,78824,25406],{},[39,78826,78828],{"className":41,"code":78827,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78829,78830,78850,78864,78868,78878],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78831,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78833,3321],{"class":54},[48,78835,59],{"class":58},[48,78837,3326],{"class":84},[48,78839,1764],{"class":488},[48,78841,365],{"class":84},[48,78843,5204],{"class":488},[48,78845,365],{"class":84},[48,78847,489],{"class":488},[48,78849,3339],{"class":84},[48,78851,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78853,1929],{"class":54},[48,78855,59],{"class":58},[48,78857,3969],{"class":54},[48,78859,32],{"class":84},[48,78861,34511],{"class":87},[48,78863,8353],{"class":84},[48,78865,78866],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,78867,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,78869,78870,78872,78874,78876],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,78871,109],{"class":108},[48,78873,91],{"class":84},[48,78875,1964],{"class":87},[48,78877,102],{"class":84},[48,78879,78880,78882,78884,78886],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,78881,109],{"class":108},[48,78883,91],{"class":84},[48,78885,3353],{"class":87},[48,78887,102],{"class":84},[20,78889,1037],{},[39,78891,78893],{"className":41,"code":78892,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78894,78895,78899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78896,78897],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78898,11521],{"class":3556},[48,78900,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78902,3605],{"class":84},[48,78904,272],{"class":488},[48,78906,365],{"class":84},[48,78908,489],{"class":488},[48,78910,365],{"class":84},[48,78912,2152],{"class":488},[48,78914,3339],{"class":84},[20,78916,78917,78919,78920,32],{},[15,78918,64005],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78921,3483],{},[20,78923,78924,78925,1575],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78926,74110],{},[1200,78928,78930],{"id":78929},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78932,78933],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[39,78935,78937],{"className":41,"code":78936,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78938,78939,78964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78956,78958,78960,78962],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,78942,7489],{"class":54},[48,78944,59],{"class":58},[48,78946,3326],{"class":84},[48,78948,272],{"class":488},[48,78950,365],{"class":84},[48,78952,63],{"class":62},[48,78954,78955],{"class":66},"two",[48,78957,94],{"class":62},[48,78959,365],{"class":84},[48,78961,2152],{"class":488},[48,78963,3339],{"class":84},[48,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,78967,7520],{"class":54},[48,78969,32],{"class":84},[48,78971,34511],{"class":87},[48,78973,8353],{"class":84},[20,78975,2700,78976,78978],{},[15,78977,2703],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1200,78980,4409,78982,78984],{"id":78981},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78983,64005],{}," only works on lists",[20,78986,78987,78989],{},[15,78988,64005],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78991,16360],{},[39,78993,78995],{"className":41,"code":78994,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78996,78997,79009],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,78998,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79000,55],{"class":54},[48,79002,59],{"class":58},[48,79004,63],{"class":62},[48,79006,43],{"class":66},[48,79008,70],{"class":62},[48,79010,79011,79013,79015,79017],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79012,213],{"class":54},[48,79014,32],{"class":84},[48,79016,34511],{"class":87},[48,79018,8353],{"class":84},[20,79020,79021,79022,33313],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79023,64005],{},[20,79025,79026],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[39,79028,79030],{"className":41,"code":79029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79031,79032,79050,79060,79064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79033,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79035,35800],{"class":54},[48,79037,59],{"class":58},[48,79039,22275],{"class":1047},[48,79041,91],{"class":84},[48,79043,94],{"class":62},[48,79045,43],{"class":66},[48,79047,94],{"class":62},[48,79049,102],{"class":84},[48,79051,79052,79054,79056,79058],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79053,35853],{"class":54},[48,79055,32],{"class":84},[48,79057,34511],{"class":87},[48,79059,8353],{"class":84},[48,79061,79062],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79063,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,79065,79066,79068,79070,79072],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,79067,109],{"class":108},[48,79069,91],{"class":84},[48,79071,35853],{"class":87},[48,79073,102],{"class":84},[20,79075,1037],{},[39,79077,79079],{"className":41,"code":79078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79080,79081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79084,3605],{"class":84},[48,79086,3001],{"class":62},[48,79088,60136],{"class":66},[48,79090,3001],{"class":62},[48,79092,365],{"class":84},[48,79094,2996],{"class":62},[48,79096,954],{"class":66},[48,79098,3001],{"class":62},[48,79100,365],{"class":84},[48,79102,2996],{"class":62},[48,79104,60170],{"class":66},[48,79106,3001],{"class":62},[48,79108,365],{"class":84},[48,79110,2996],{"class":62},[48,79112,20],{"class":66},[48,79114,3001],{"class":62},[48,79116,365],{"class":84},[48,79118,2996],{"class":62},[48,79120,436],{"class":66},[48,79122,3001],{"class":62},[48,79124,365],{"class":84},[48,79126,2996],{"class":62},[48,79128,11458],{"class":66},[48,79130,3001],{"class":62},[48,79132,3339],{"class":84},[1200,79134,79136,79137,79139],{"id":79135},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79138,14556],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79141,79142,79143,32],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79144,14556],{},[20,79146,79147,79148,79150],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79149,64005],{}," will not do that:",[39,79152,79154],{"className":41,"code":79153,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79155,79156,79188,79206,79210],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79157,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79159,3776],{"class":54},[48,79161,59],{"class":58},[48,79163,3326],{"class":84},[48,79165,94],{"class":62},[48,79167,198],{"class":66},[48,79169,94],{"class":62},[48,79171,365],{"class":84},[48,79173,63],{"class":62},[48,79175,38067],{"class":66},[48,79177,94],{"class":62},[48,79179,365],{"class":84},[48,79181,63],{"class":62},[48,79183,3785],{"class":66},[48,79185,94],{"class":62},[48,79187,3339],{"class":84},[48,79189,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79191,3819],{"class":54},[48,79193,32],{"class":84},[48,79195,34511],{"class":87},[48,79197,91],{"class":84},[48,79199,14556],{"class":8887},[48,79201,59],{"class":58},[48,79203,10874],{"class":108},[48,79205,102],{"class":84},[48,79207,79208],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79209,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,79211,79212,79214,79216,79218],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,79213,109],{"class":108},[48,79215,91],{"class":84},[48,79217,3819],{"class":87},[48,79219,102],{"class":84},[1200,79221,79223],{"id":79222},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79225,79226],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[39,79228,79230],{"className":41,"code":79229,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79231,79232,79266,79276,79280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79233,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255,79257,79259,79262,79264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79235,3776],{"class":54},[48,79237,59],{"class":58},[48,79239,3326],{"class":84},[48,79241,94],{"class":62},[48,79243,79244],{"class":66},"zebra",[48,79246,94],{"class":62},[48,79248,365],{"class":84},[48,79250,63],{"class":62},[48,79252,57468],{"class":66},[48,79254,94],{"class":62},[48,79256,365],{"class":84},[48,79258,63],{"class":62},[48,79260,79261],{"class":66},"monkey",[48,79263,94],{"class":62},[48,79265,3339],{"class":84},[48,79267,79268,79270,79272,79274],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79269,3819],{"class":54},[48,79271,32],{"class":84},[48,79273,34511],{"class":87},[48,79275,8353],{"class":84},[48,79277,79278],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79279,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,79281,79282,79284,79286,79288],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,79283,109],{"class":108},[48,79285,91],{"class":84},[48,79287,3819],{"class":87},[48,79289,102],{"class":84},[20,79291,1037],{},[39,79293,79295],{"className":41,"code":79294,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79296,79297],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79300,3605],{"class":84},[48,79302,3001],{"class":62},[48,79304,57468],{"class":66},[48,79306,3001],{"class":62},[48,79308,365],{"class":84},[48,79310,2996],{"class":62},[48,79312,79261],{"class":66},[48,79314,3001],{"class":62},[48,79316,365],{"class":84},[48,79318,2996],{"class":62},[48,79320,79244],{"class":66},[48,79322,3001],{"class":62},[48,79324,3339],{"class":84},[20,79326,139,79327,79329],{},[15,79328,78269],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1200,79331,60406],{"id":60405},[20,79333,79334],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[39,79336,79338],{"className":41,"code":79337,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79339,79340,79350,79364,79378,79392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79341,79342,79344,79346,79348],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79343,109],{"class":108},[48,79345,91],{"class":84},[48,79347,8050],{"class":87},[48,79349,102],{"class":84},[48,79351,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79353,109],{"class":108},[48,79355,91],{"class":84},[48,79357,2921],{"class":1047},[48,79359,91],{"class":84},[48,79361,8050],{"class":87},[48,79363,1034],{"class":84},[48,79365,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79367,109],{"class":108},[48,79369,91],{"class":84},[48,79371,8050],{"class":87},[48,79373,32],{"class":84},[48,79375,34511],{"class":87},[48,79377,6902],{"class":84},[48,79379,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,79381,109],{"class":108},[48,79383,91],{"class":84},[48,79385,74200],{"class":108},[48,79387,91],{"class":84},[48,79389,8050],{"class":87},[48,79391,1034],{"class":84},[48,79393,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,79395,109],{"class":108},[48,79397,2684],{"class":84},[48,79399,2921],{"class":1047},[48,79401,91],{"class":84},[48,79403,23026],{"class":87},[48,79405,3366],{"class":84},[48,79407,3581],{"class":1107},[48,79409,5668],{"class":87},[48,79411,3587],{"class":1107},[48,79413,8107],{"class":87},[48,79415,3593],{"class":84},[20,79417,10883],{},[162,79419,79420,79423,79426,79433,79439],{},[165,79421,79422],{},"What values are in the list",[165,79424,79425],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[165,79427,79428,79429,1572,79431],{},"That ",[15,79430,64005],{},[15,79432,3483],{},[165,79434,79435,79436,79438],{},"Whether ",[15,79437,74110],{}," works better for your case",[165,79440,79441],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79443,79444,79445,79447],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79446,2703],{}," problems.",[34,79449,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,79451,12418,79453,55168],{"id":79452},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79454,77551],{},[20,79456,62297,79457,32],{},[15,79458,3483],{},[1200,79460,1559,79462,500,79464,1564],{"id":79461},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79463,64005],{},[15,79465,74110],{},[20,79467,79468,79470,79471,79473],{},[15,79469,64005],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79472,74110],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1200,79475,79477],{"id":79476},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79479,18412],{},[39,79481,79483],{"className":41,"code":79482,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79484,79485],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79486,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79488,8050],{"class":54},[48,79490,32],{"class":84},[48,79492,34511],{"class":87},[48,79494,91],{"class":84},[48,79496,73263],{"class":8887},[48,79498,59],{"class":58},[48,79500,3306],{"class":3556},[48,79502,102],{"class":84},[1200,79504,79506],{"id":79505},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79508,18412],{},[39,79510,79512],{"className":41,"code":79511,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79513,79514],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79515,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79517,8050],{"class":54},[48,79519,32],{"class":84},[48,79521,34511],{"class":87},[48,79523,91],{"class":84},[48,79525,14556],{"class":8887},[48,79527,59],{"class":58},[48,79529,3144],{"class":1047},[48,79531,32],{"class":84},[48,79533,8350],{"class":24466},[48,79535,102],{"class":84},[20,79537,79538],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1200,79540,79542,79543,79545],{"id":79541},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79544,2703],{}," when sorting?",[20,79547,79548],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[34,79550,1599],{"id":1598},[162,79552,79553,79558,79564,79568],{},[165,79554,79555],{},[224,79556,79557],{"href":78060},"How to sort a list in Python",[165,79559,79560],{},[224,79561,3277,79562,5490],{"href":74207},[15,79563,74110],{},[165,79565,79566],{},[224,79567,66763],{"href":50684},[165,79569,79570],{},[224,79571,78810],{"href":78809},[1633,79573,79574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":79576},[79577,79578,79580,79581,79582,79583,79585,79587,79598,79608],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":77617,"depth":73,"text":79579},"What list.sort() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":77872,"depth":73,"text":77873},{"id":78064,"depth":73,"text":78065},{"id":78386,"depth":73,"text":79584},"Using the key argument",{"id":78651,"depth":73,"text":79586},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":79588},[79589,79591,79592,79594,79596,79597],{"id":78820,"depth":105,"text":79590},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78929,"depth":105,"text":78930},{"id":78981,"depth":105,"text":79593},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79135,"depth":105,"text":79595},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79222,"depth":105,"text":79223},{"id":60405,"depth":105,"text":60406},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":79599},[79600,79602,79604,79605,79606],{"id":79452,"depth":105,"text":79601},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79461,"depth":105,"text":79603},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79476,"depth":105,"text":79477},{"id":79505,"depth":105,"text":79506},{"id":79541,"depth":105,"text":79607},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77539,"description":79609},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79616,"title":79617,"body":79618,"description":82249,"extension":1666,"meta":82250,"navigation":122,"path":82251,"seo":82252,"stem":82253,"__hash__":82254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79619,"toc":82208},[79620,79625,79630,79633,79644,79647,79667,79669,79731,79733,79774,79783,79788,79793,79799,79810,79812,79831,79834,79839,79844,79846,79851,79865,79867,79885,79888,79905,79908,79914,79937,79942,79944,79947,80008,80010,80043,80045,80084,80092,80102,80108,80113,80206,80208,80232,80234,80252,80255,80286,80292,80297,80300,80302,80427,80429,80453,80455,80474,80480,80486,80605,80607,80624,80631,80637,80642,80649,80655,80657,80714,80717,80738,80741,80744,80805,80807,80840,80844,80914,80916,80933,80937,80940,81015,81017,81054,81057,81060,81131,81133,81194,81199,81204,81207,81221,81223,81296,81298,81318,81321,81324,81381,81443,81446,81478,81481,81496,81501,81503,81509,81512,81568,81571,81573,81592,81596,81598,81642,81651,81653,81713,81717,81720,81722,81815,81817,81932,81936,81938,82012,82015,82018,82020,82025,82090,82092,82116,82126,82128,82134,82143,82152,82161,82167,82170,82174,82177,82179,82205],[10,79621,3277,79623,3281],{"id":79622},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79624,39426],{},[20,79626,3284,79627,79629],{},[15,79628,39426],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79631,79632],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[162,79634,79635,79638,79641],{},[165,79636,79637],{},"converting numbers to strings",[165,79639,79640],{},"changing strings to integers",[165,79642,79643],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79645,79646],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[162,79648,79649,79656,79662],{},[165,79650,79651,13768,79653,79655],{},[15,79652,39426],{},[565,79654,1055],{}," return a list in Python 3",[165,79657,79658,79659],{},"it returns a ",[565,79660,79661],{},"map object",[165,79663,79664,79665],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79666,24497],{},[34,79668,37],{"id":36},[39,79670,79672],{"className":41,"code":79671,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79673,79674,79698,79717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79675,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79677,3321],{"class":54},[48,79679,59],{"class":58},[48,79681,3326],{"class":84},[48,79683,272],{"class":488},[48,79685,365],{"class":84},[48,79687,489],{"class":488},[48,79689,365],{"class":84},[48,79691,2152],{"class":488},[48,79693,365],{"class":84},[48,79695,878],{"class":488},[48,79697,3339],{"class":84},[48,79699,79700,79702,79704,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79701,1929],{"class":54},[48,79703,59],{"class":58},[48,79705,79706],{"class":108}," map",[48,79708,91],{"class":84},[48,79710,3144],{"class":1047},[48,79712,365],{"class":84},[48,79714,3969],{"class":87},[48,79716,102],{"class":84},[48,79718,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79720,109],{"class":108},[48,79722,91],{"class":84},[48,79724,7804],{"class":1047},[48,79726,91],{"class":84},[48,79728,1964],{"class":87},[48,79730,1034],{"class":84},[20,79732,1037],{},[39,79734,79736],{"className":41,"code":79735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79737,79738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79739,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79741,3605],{"class":84},[48,79743,3001],{"class":62},[48,79745,272],{"class":66},[48,79747,3001],{"class":62},[48,79749,365],{"class":84},[48,79751,2996],{"class":62},[48,79753,280],{"class":66},[48,79755,3001],{"class":62},[48,79757,365],{"class":84},[48,79759,2996],{"class":62},[48,79761,1764],{"class":66},[48,79763,3001],{"class":62},[48,79765,365],{"class":84},[48,79767,2996],{"class":62},[48,79769,907],{"class":66},[48,79771,3001],{"class":62},[48,79773,3339],{"class":84},[20,79775,139,79776,79779,79780,79782],{},[15,79777,79778],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79781,24497],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[34,79784,148,79786,152],{"id":79785},"what-map-does",[15,79787,39426],{},[20,79789,79790,79792],{},[15,79791,39426],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79794,79795,79796,79798],{},"An ",[565,79797,3425],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[162,79800,79801,79803,79805,79807],{},[165,79802,37612],{},[165,79804,37615],{},[165,79806,37618],{},[165,79808,79809],{},"a range object",[20,79811,30436],{},[39,79813,79815],{"className":41,"code":79814,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79816,79817],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79818,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79820,39569],{"class":108},[48,79822,91],{"class":84},[48,79824,37571],{"class":87},[48,79826,365],{"class":84},[48,79828,37576],{"class":87},[48,79830,102],{"class":84},[20,79832,79833],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79835,79836,79837,33454],{},"Important: the result is a ",[565,79838,79661],{},[20,79840,79841,79842,32],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[224,79843,4843],{"href":4842},[34,79845,340],{"id":339},[20,79847,79848,79850],{},[15,79849,39426],{}," needs at least two parts:",[162,79852,79853,79859],{},[165,79854,79855,79858],{},[565,79856,79857],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[165,79860,79861,79864],{},[565,79862,79863],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79866,3410],{},[39,79868,79869],{"className":41,"code":79814,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,79870,79871],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79872,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79874,39569],{"class":108},[48,79876,91],{"class":84},[48,79878,37571],{"class":87},[48,79880,365],{"class":84},[48,79882,37576],{"class":87},[48,79884,102],{"class":84},[20,79886,79887],{},"You can pass:",[162,79889,79890,79899,79902],{},[165,79891,79892,79893,1888,79895,1892,79897],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79894,3144],{},[15,79896,1887],{},[15,79898,1719],{},[165,79900,79901],{},"your own custom function",[165,79903,79904],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79906,79907],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79909,79910,79911,79913],{},"You will often see ",[15,79912,39426],{}," used like this:",[39,79915,79917],{"className":41,"code":79916,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79918,79919],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79920,79921,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79922,7804],{"class":1047},[48,79924,91],{"class":84},[48,79926,39569],{"class":108},[48,79928,91],{"class":84},[48,79930,37571],{"class":87},[48,79932,365],{"class":84},[48,79934,3590],{"class":87},[48,79936,1034],{"class":84},[20,79938,6384,79939,79941],{},[15,79940,24497],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[34,79943,11187],{"id":11186},[20,79945,79946],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[39,79948,79950],{"className":41,"code":79949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79951,79952,79972,79990,79994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,79955,3321],{"class":54},[48,79957,59],{"class":58},[48,79959,3326],{"class":84},[48,79961,2031],{"class":488},[48,79963,365],{"class":84},[48,79965,7500],{"class":488},[48,79967,365],{"class":84},[48,79969,7505],{"class":488},[48,79971,3339],{"class":84},[48,79973,79974,79976,79978,79980,79982,79984,79986,79988],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,79975,1929],{"class":54},[48,79977,59],{"class":58},[48,79979,79706],{"class":108},[48,79981,91],{"class":84},[48,79983,3144],{"class":1047},[48,79985,365],{"class":84},[48,79987,3969],{"class":87},[48,79989,102],{"class":84},[48,79991,79992],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,79993,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,79995,79996,79998,80000,80002,80004,80006],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,79997,109],{"class":108},[48,79999,91],{"class":84},[48,80001,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80003,91],{"class":84},[48,80005,1964],{"class":87},[48,80007,1034],{"class":84},[20,80009,1037],{},[39,80011,80013],{"className":41,"code":80012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80014,80015],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80016,80017,80019,80021,80023,80025,80027,80029,80031,80033,80035,80037,80039,80041],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80018,3605],{"class":84},[48,80020,3001],{"class":62},[48,80022,2031],{"class":66},[48,80024,3001],{"class":62},[48,80026,365],{"class":84},[48,80028,2996],{"class":62},[48,80030,15470],{"class":66},[48,80032,3001],{"class":62},[48,80034,365],{"class":84},[48,80036,2996],{"class":62},[48,80038,36552],{"class":66},[48,80040,3001],{"class":62},[48,80042,3339],{"class":84},[20,80044,11396],{},[162,80046,80047,80052,80060,80068,80076],{},[165,80048,80049,80051],{},[15,80050,3353],{}," contains integers",[165,80053,80054,80057,80058],{},[15,80055,80056],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80059,47390],{},[165,80061,80062,41862,80065],{},[15,80063,80064],{},"str(10)",[15,80066,80067],{},"'10'",[165,80069,80070,41862,80073],{},[15,80071,80072],{},"str(20)",[15,80074,80075],{},"'20'",[165,80077,80078,41862,80081],{},[15,80079,80080],{},"str(30)",[15,80082,80083],{},"'30'",[20,80085,53352,80086,80088,80089,80091],{},[15,80087,39426],{}," applies ",[15,80090,47390],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80093,80094,80095,80097,80098,32],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80096,24497],{}," better, see ",[224,80099,3277,80100,3210],{"href":64541},[15,80101,24497],{},[34,80103,758,80105,80107],{"id":80104},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80106,39426],{}," with your own function",[20,80109,15430,80110,80112],{},[15,80111,39426],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[39,80114,80116],{"className":41,"code":80115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80117,80118,80131,80141,80145,80169,80188,80192],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80119,80120,80122,80125,80127,80129],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80121,34563],{"class":1767},[48,80123,80124],{"class":34566}," double",[48,80126,91],{"class":84},[48,80128,1873],{"class":37373},[48,80130,8053],{"class":84},[48,80132,80133,80135,80137,80139],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80134,34574],{"class":1107},[48,80136,3584],{"class":54},[48,80138,39582],{"class":58},[48,80140,45296],{"class":488},[48,80142,80143],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80144,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80146,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161,80163,80165,80167],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80148,3321],{"class":54},[48,80150,59],{"class":58},[48,80152,3326],{"class":84},[48,80154,272],{"class":488},[48,80156,365],{"class":84},[48,80158,489],{"class":488},[48,80160,365],{"class":84},[48,80162,2152],{"class":488},[48,80164,365],{"class":84},[48,80166,878],{"class":488},[48,80168,3339],{"class":84},[48,80170,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179,80182,80184,80186],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,80172,1929],{"class":54},[48,80174,59],{"class":58},[48,80176,79706],{"class":108},[48,80178,91],{"class":84},[48,80180,80181],{"class":87},"double",[48,80183,365],{"class":84},[48,80185,3969],{"class":87},[48,80187,102],{"class":84},[48,80189,80190],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,80191,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,80195,109],{"class":108},[48,80197,91],{"class":84},[48,80199,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80201,91],{"class":84},[48,80203,1964],{"class":87},[48,80205,1034],{"class":84},[20,80207,1037],{},[39,80209,80210],{"className":41,"code":39595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,80211,80212],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80213,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80215,3605],{"class":84},[48,80217,280],{"class":488},[48,80219,365],{"class":84},[48,80221,878],{"class":488},[48,80223,365],{"class":84},[48,80225,37354],{"class":488},[48,80227,365],{"class":84},[48,80229,6068],{"class":488},[48,80231,3339],{"class":84},[20,80233,65274],{},[162,80235,80236,80243,80249],{},[165,80237,80238,80240,80241],{},[15,80239,39426],{}," takes the function ",[15,80242,80181],{},[165,80244,80245,80246,80248],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80247,3353],{}," into that function",[165,80250,80251],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80253,80254],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[162,80256,80257,80264,80271,80279],{},[165,80258,80259,5780,80262],{},[15,80260,80261],{},"double(1)",[15,80263,280],{},[165,80265,80266,5780,80269],{},[15,80267,80268],{},"double(2)",[15,80270,907],{},[165,80272,80273,5780,80276],{},[15,80274,80275],{},"double(3)",[15,80277,80278],{},"6",[165,80280,80281,5780,80284],{},[15,80282,80283],{},"double(4)",[15,80285,2046],{},[34,80287,758,80289,80291],{"id":80288},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80290,39426],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80293,80294,80296],{},[15,80295,39426],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80298,80299],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80301,182],{},[39,80303,80305],{"className":41,"code":80304,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80306,80307,80324,80334,80338,80359,80380,80384,80409,80413],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80308,80309,80311,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80310,34563],{"class":1767},[48,80312,80313],{"class":34566}," add_numbers",[48,80315,91],{"class":84},[48,80317,224],{"class":37373},[48,80319,365],{"class":84},[48,80321,2258],{"class":37373},[48,80323,8053],{"class":84},[48,80325,80326,80328,80330,80332],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80327,34574],{"class":1107},[48,80329,44251],{"class":54},[48,80331,1761],{"class":58},[48,80333,35892],{"class":54},[48,80335,80336],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80337,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80339,80340,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80341,80342],{"class":54},"list1 ",[48,80344,59],{"class":58},[48,80346,3326],{"class":84},[48,80348,272],{"class":488},[48,80350,365],{"class":84},[48,80352,489],{"class":488},[48,80354,365],{"class":84},[48,80356,2152],{"class":488},[48,80358,3339],{"class":84},[48,80360,80361,80364,80366,80368,80370,80372,80374,80376,80378],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,80362,80363],{"class":54},"list2 ",[48,80365,59],{"class":58},[48,80367,3326],{"class":84},[48,80369,2031],{"class":488},[48,80371,365],{"class":84},[48,80373,7500],{"class":488},[48,80375,365],{"class":84},[48,80377,7505],{"class":488},[48,80379,3339],{"class":84},[48,80381,80382],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,80383,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80385,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80397,80399,80402,80404,80407],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,80387,1929],{"class":54},[48,80389,59],{"class":58},[48,80391,79706],{"class":108},[48,80393,91],{"class":84},[48,80395,80396],{"class":87},"add_numbers",[48,80398,365],{"class":84},[48,80400,80401],{"class":87}," list1",[48,80403,365],{"class":84},[48,80405,80406],{"class":87}," list2",[48,80408,102],{"class":84},[48,80410,80411],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,80412,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,80416,109],{"class":108},[48,80418,91],{"class":84},[48,80420,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80422,91],{"class":84},[48,80424,1964],{"class":87},[48,80426,1034],{"class":84},[20,80428,1037],{},[39,80430,80432],{"className":41,"code":80431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80433,80434],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80435,80436,80438,80441,80443,80446,80448,80451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80437,3605],{"class":84},[48,80439,80440],{"class":488},"11",[48,80442,365],{"class":84},[48,80444,80445],{"class":488}," 22",[48,80447,365],{"class":84},[48,80449,80450],{"class":488}," 33",[48,80452,3339],{"class":84},[20,80454,261],{},[162,80456,80457,80463,80469],{},[165,80458,80459,80460],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80461,80462],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[165,80464,80465,80466],{},"then ",[15,80467,80468],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[165,80470,80465,80471],{},[15,80472,80473],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1200,80475,80477,80479],{"id":80476},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80478,39426],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80481,80482,80483,80485],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80484,39426],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[39,80487,80489],{"className":41,"code":80488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80490,80491,80507,80517,80521,80545,80561,80565,80587,80591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80492,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80494,34563],{"class":1767},[48,80496,80313],{"class":34566},[48,80498,91],{"class":84},[48,80500,224],{"class":37373},[48,80502,365],{"class":84},[48,80504,2258],{"class":37373},[48,80506,8053],{"class":84},[48,80508,80509,80511,80513,80515],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80510,34574],{"class":1107},[48,80512,44251],{"class":54},[48,80514,1761],{"class":58},[48,80516,35892],{"class":54},[48,80518,80519],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80520,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80522,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80524,80342],{"class":54},[48,80526,59],{"class":58},[48,80528,3326],{"class":84},[48,80530,272],{"class":488},[48,80532,365],{"class":84},[48,80534,489],{"class":488},[48,80536,365],{"class":84},[48,80538,2152],{"class":488},[48,80540,365],{"class":84},[48,80542,878],{"class":488},[48,80544,3339],{"class":84},[48,80546,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,80548,80363],{"class":54},[48,80550,59],{"class":58},[48,80552,3326],{"class":84},[48,80554,2031],{"class":488},[48,80556,365],{"class":84},[48,80558,7500],{"class":488},[48,80560,3339],{"class":84},[48,80562,80563],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,80564,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80566,80567,80569,80571,80573,80575,80577,80579,80581,80583,80585],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,80568,1929],{"class":54},[48,80570,59],{"class":58},[48,80572,79706],{"class":108},[48,80574,91],{"class":84},[48,80576,80396],{"class":87},[48,80578,365],{"class":84},[48,80580,80401],{"class":87},[48,80582,365],{"class":84},[48,80584,80406],{"class":87},[48,80586,102],{"class":84},[48,80588,80589],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,80590,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80592,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,80594,109],{"class":108},[48,80596,91],{"class":84},[48,80598,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80600,91],{"class":84},[48,80602,1964],{"class":87},[48,80604,1034],{"class":84},[20,80606,1037],{},[39,80608,80610],{"className":41,"code":80609,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80611,80612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80613,80614,80616,80618,80620,80622],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80615,3605],{"class":84},[48,80617,80440],{"class":488},[48,80619,365],{"class":84},[48,80621,80445],{"class":488},[48,80623,3339],{"class":84},[20,80625,80626,80627,80630],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80628,80629],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[34,80632,80634,80636],{"id":80633},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80635,39426],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80638,37732,80639,80641],{},[15,80640,39426],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80643,80644,80645,80648],{},"This object is ",[565,80646,80647],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1200,80650,2188,80652,80654],{"id":80651},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80653,32739],{}," looks strange",[20,80656,33355],{},[39,80658,80660],{"className":41,"code":80659,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80661,80662,80682,80700,80704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80663,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80665,3321],{"class":54},[48,80667,59],{"class":58},[48,80669,3326],{"class":84},[48,80671,272],{"class":488},[48,80673,365],{"class":84},[48,80675,489],{"class":488},[48,80677,365],{"class":84},[48,80679,2152],{"class":488},[48,80681,3339],{"class":84},[48,80683,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694,80696,80698],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80685,1929],{"class":54},[48,80687,59],{"class":58},[48,80689,79706],{"class":108},[48,80691,91],{"class":84},[48,80693,3144],{"class":1047},[48,80695,365],{"class":84},[48,80697,3969],{"class":87},[48,80699,102],{"class":84},[48,80701,80702],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80703,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80705,80706,80708,80710,80712],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80707,109],{"class":108},[48,80709,91],{"class":84},[48,80711,1964],{"class":87},[48,80713,102],{"class":84},[20,80715,80716],{},"Output will look something like this:",[39,80718,80720],{"className":41,"code":80719,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80721,80722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80723,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80725,2990],{"class":58},[48,80727,39569],{"class":108},[48,80729,24333],{"class":1047},[48,80731,37074],{"class":54},[48,80733,37078],{"class":37077},[48,80735,37081],{"class":34166},[48,80737,3004],{"class":58},[20,80739,80740],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80742,80743],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[39,80745,80747],{"className":41,"code":80746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80748,80749,80769,80787,80791],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80750,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80752,3321],{"class":54},[48,80754,59],{"class":58},[48,80756,3326],{"class":84},[48,80758,272],{"class":488},[48,80760,365],{"class":84},[48,80762,489],{"class":488},[48,80764,365],{"class":84},[48,80766,2152],{"class":488},[48,80768,3339],{"class":84},[48,80770,80771,80773,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80772,1929],{"class":54},[48,80774,59],{"class":58},[48,80776,79706],{"class":108},[48,80778,91],{"class":84},[48,80780,3144],{"class":1047},[48,80782,365],{"class":84},[48,80784,3969],{"class":87},[48,80786,102],{"class":84},[48,80788,80789],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80790,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80792,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80794,109],{"class":108},[48,80796,91],{"class":84},[48,80798,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80800,91],{"class":84},[48,80802,1964],{"class":87},[48,80804,1034],{"class":84},[20,80806,1037],{},[39,80808,80810],{"className":41,"code":80809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80811,80812],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80813,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80815,3605],{"class":84},[48,80817,3001],{"class":62},[48,80819,272],{"class":66},[48,80821,3001],{"class":62},[48,80823,365],{"class":84},[48,80825,2996],{"class":62},[48,80827,280],{"class":66},[48,80829,3001],{"class":62},[48,80831,365],{"class":84},[48,80833,2996],{"class":62},[48,80835,1764],{"class":66},[48,80837,3001],{"class":62},[48,80839,3339],{"class":84},[1200,80841,80843],{"id":80842},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[39,80845,80847],{"className":41,"code":80846,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80848,80849,80869,80887,80891,80904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80850,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80852,3321],{"class":54},[48,80854,59],{"class":58},[48,80856,3326],{"class":84},[48,80858,272],{"class":488},[48,80860,365],{"class":84},[48,80862,489],{"class":488},[48,80864,365],{"class":84},[48,80866,2152],{"class":488},[48,80868,3339],{"class":84},[48,80870,80871,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80872,1929],{"class":54},[48,80874,59],{"class":58},[48,80876,79706],{"class":108},[48,80878,91],{"class":84},[48,80880,3144],{"class":1047},[48,80882,365],{"class":84},[48,80884,3969],{"class":87},[48,80886,102],{"class":84},[48,80888,80889],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80890,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80892,80893,80895,80897,80899,80902],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80894,5665],{"class":1107},[48,80896,5668],{"class":54},[48,80898,3587],{"class":1107},[48,80900,80901],{"class":54}," result",[48,80903,1110],{"class":84},[48,80905,80906,80908,80910,80912],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,80907,1138],{"class":108},[48,80909,91],{"class":84},[48,80911,23026],{"class":87},[48,80913,102],{"class":84},[20,80915,1037],{},[39,80917,80919],{"className":41,"code":80918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80920,80921,80925,80929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80922,80923],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80924,46623],{"class":488},[48,80926,80927],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80928,16773],{"class":488},[48,80930,80931],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80932,46323],{"class":488},[1200,80934,80936],{"id":80935},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80938,80939],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[39,80941,80943],{"className":41,"code":80942,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80944,80945,80965,80983,80987,81001],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,80948,3321],{"class":54},[48,80950,59],{"class":58},[48,80952,3326],{"class":84},[48,80954,272],{"class":488},[48,80956,365],{"class":84},[48,80958,489],{"class":488},[48,80960,365],{"class":84},[48,80962,2152],{"class":488},[48,80964,3339],{"class":84},[48,80966,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,80968,1929],{"class":54},[48,80970,59],{"class":58},[48,80972,79706],{"class":108},[48,80974,91],{"class":84},[48,80976,3144],{"class":1047},[48,80978,365],{"class":84},[48,80980,3969],{"class":87},[48,80982,102],{"class":84},[48,80984,80985],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,80986,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,80988,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,80990,109],{"class":108},[48,80992,91],{"class":84},[48,80994,7804],{"class":1047},[48,80996,91],{"class":84},[48,80998,1964],{"class":87},[48,81000,1034],{"class":84},[48,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,81004,109],{"class":108},[48,81006,91],{"class":84},[48,81008,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81010,91],{"class":84},[48,81012,1964],{"class":87},[48,81014,1034],{"class":84},[20,81016,1037],{},[39,81018,81020],{"className":41,"code":81019,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81021,81022,81050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81023,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044,81046,81048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81025,3605],{"class":84},[48,81027,3001],{"class":62},[48,81029,272],{"class":66},[48,81031,3001],{"class":62},[48,81033,365],{"class":84},[48,81035,2996],{"class":62},[48,81037,280],{"class":66},[48,81039,3001],{"class":62},[48,81041,365],{"class":84},[48,81043,2996],{"class":62},[48,81045,1764],{"class":66},[48,81047,3001],{"class":62},[48,81049,3339],{"class":84},[48,81051,81052],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81053,38006],{"class":84},[20,81055,81056],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81058,81059],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[39,81061,81063],{"className":41,"code":81062,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81064,81065,81085,81107,81111,81121],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81066,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81068,3321],{"class":54},[48,81070,59],{"class":58},[48,81072,3326],{"class":84},[48,81074,272],{"class":488},[48,81076,365],{"class":84},[48,81078,489],{"class":488},[48,81080,365],{"class":84},[48,81082,2152],{"class":488},[48,81084,3339],{"class":84},[48,81086,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103,81105],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81088,1929],{"class":54},[48,81090,59],{"class":58},[48,81092,22275],{"class":1047},[48,81094,91],{"class":84},[48,81096,39569],{"class":108},[48,81098,91],{"class":84},[48,81100,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81102,365],{"class":84},[48,81104,3969],{"class":87},[48,81106,1034],{"class":84},[48,81108,81109],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81110,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81114,109],{"class":108},[48,81116,91],{"class":84},[48,81118,1964],{"class":87},[48,81120,102],{"class":84},[48,81122,81123,81125,81127,81129],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,81124,109],{"class":108},[48,81126,91],{"class":84},[48,81128,1964],{"class":87},[48,81130,102],{"class":84},[20,81132,1037],{},[39,81134,81136],{"className":41,"code":81135,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81137,81138,81166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81139,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81141,3605],{"class":84},[48,81143,3001],{"class":62},[48,81145,272],{"class":66},[48,81147,3001],{"class":62},[48,81149,365],{"class":84},[48,81151,2996],{"class":62},[48,81153,280],{"class":66},[48,81155,3001],{"class":62},[48,81157,365],{"class":84},[48,81159,2996],{"class":62},[48,81161,1764],{"class":66},[48,81163,3001],{"class":62},[48,81165,3339],{"class":84},[48,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81169,3605],{"class":84},[48,81171,3001],{"class":62},[48,81173,272],{"class":66},[48,81175,3001],{"class":62},[48,81177,365],{"class":84},[48,81179,2996],{"class":62},[48,81181,280],{"class":66},[48,81183,3001],{"class":62},[48,81185,365],{"class":84},[48,81187,2996],{"class":62},[48,81189,1764],{"class":66},[48,81191,3001],{"class":62},[48,81193,3339],{"class":84},[34,81195,4667,81197],{"id":81196},"when-to-use-map",[15,81198,39426],{},[20,81200,81201,81203],{},[15,81202,39426],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81205,81206],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[162,81208,81209,81213,81217],{},[165,81210,81211],{},[15,81212,3144],{},[165,81214,81215],{},[15,81216,1887],{},[165,81218,81219],{},[15,81220,1719],{},[20,81222,182],{},[39,81224,81226],{"className":41,"code":81225,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81227,81228,81260,81282,81286],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81229,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81231,3528],{"class":54},[48,81233,59],{"class":58},[48,81235,3326],{"class":84},[48,81237,3001],{"class":62},[48,81239,272],{"class":66},[48,81241,3001],{"class":62},[48,81243,365],{"class":84},[48,81245,2996],{"class":62},[48,81247,280],{"class":66},[48,81249,3001],{"class":62},[48,81251,365],{"class":84},[48,81253,2996],{"class":62},[48,81255,1764],{"class":66},[48,81257,3001],{"class":62},[48,81259,3339],{"class":84},[48,81261,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81263,3321],{"class":54},[48,81265,59],{"class":58},[48,81267,22275],{"class":1047},[48,81269,91],{"class":84},[48,81271,39569],{"class":108},[48,81273,91],{"class":84},[48,81275,1887],{"class":1047},[48,81277,365],{"class":84},[48,81279,3590],{"class":87},[48,81281,1034],{"class":84},[48,81283,81284],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81285,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81287,81288,81290,81292,81294],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81289,109],{"class":108},[48,81291,91],{"class":84},[48,81293,3353],{"class":87},[48,81295,102],{"class":84},[20,81297,1037],{},[39,81299,81300],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81301,81302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81303,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81305,3605],{"class":84},[48,81307,272],{"class":488},[48,81309,365],{"class":84},[48,81311,489],{"class":488},[48,81313,365],{"class":84},[48,81315,2152],{"class":488},[48,81317,3339],{"class":84},[20,81319,81320],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81322,81323],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[39,81325,81327],{"className":41,"code":81326,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81328,81329,81349,81371],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81330,81331,81333,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81332,3321],{"class":54},[48,81334,59],{"class":58},[48,81336,3326],{"class":84},[48,81338,272],{"class":488},[48,81340,365],{"class":84},[48,81342,489],{"class":488},[48,81344,365],{"class":84},[48,81346,2152],{"class":488},[48,81348,3339],{"class":84},[48,81350,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81352,1929],{"class":54},[48,81354,59],{"class":58},[48,81356,22275],{"class":1047},[48,81358,91],{"class":84},[48,81360,39569],{"class":108},[48,81362,91],{"class":84},[48,81364,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81366,365],{"class":84},[48,81368,3969],{"class":87},[48,81370,1034],{"class":84},[48,81372,81373,81375,81377,81379],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81374,109],{"class":108},[48,81376,91],{"class":84},[48,81378,1964],{"class":87},[48,81380,102],{"class":84},[39,81382,81384],{"className":41,"code":81383,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81385,81386,81406,81433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81387,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81389,3321],{"class":54},[48,81391,59],{"class":58},[48,81393,3326],{"class":84},[48,81395,272],{"class":488},[48,81397,365],{"class":84},[48,81399,489],{"class":488},[48,81401,365],{"class":84},[48,81403,2152],{"class":488},[48,81405,3339],{"class":84},[48,81407,81408,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81427,81429,81431],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81409,1929],{"class":54},[48,81411,59],{"class":58},[48,81413,3326],{"class":84},[48,81415,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81417,91],{"class":84},[48,81419,954],{"class":87},[48,81421,3366],{"class":84},[48,81423,3581],{"class":1107},[48,81425,81426],{"class":54}," n ",[48,81428,3587],{"class":1107},[48,81430,3969],{"class":54},[48,81432,3339],{"class":84},[48,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81436,109],{"class":108},[48,81438,91],{"class":84},[48,81440,1964],{"class":87},[48,81442,102],{"class":84},[20,81444,81445],{},"Both produce:",[39,81447,81448],{"className":41,"code":80809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81449,81450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81451,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81453,3605],{"class":84},[48,81455,3001],{"class":62},[48,81457,272],{"class":66},[48,81459,3001],{"class":62},[48,81461,365],{"class":84},[48,81463,2996],{"class":62},[48,81465,280],{"class":66},[48,81467,3001],{"class":62},[48,81469,365],{"class":84},[48,81471,2996],{"class":62},[48,81473,1764],{"class":66},[48,81475,3001],{"class":62},[48,81477,3339],{"class":84},[20,81479,81480],{},"A simple rule:",[162,81482,81483,81488,81493],{},[165,81484,39700,81485,81487],{},[15,81486,39426],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[165,81489,39706,81490,81492],{},[15,81491,5665],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[165,81494,81495],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81497,81498,81499,32],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[224,81500,4099],{"href":4098},[34,81502,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,81504,81506,81507],{"id":81505},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81508,24497],{},[20,81510,81511],{},"This is very common:",[39,81513,81514],{"className":41,"code":80659,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81515,81516,81536,81554,81558],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81517,81518,81520,81522,81524,81526,81528,81530,81532,81534],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81519,3321],{"class":54},[48,81521,59],{"class":58},[48,81523,3326],{"class":84},[48,81525,272],{"class":488},[48,81527,365],{"class":84},[48,81529,489],{"class":488},[48,81531,365],{"class":84},[48,81533,2152],{"class":488},[48,81535,3339],{"class":84},[48,81537,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81539,1929],{"class":54},[48,81541,59],{"class":58},[48,81543,79706],{"class":108},[48,81545,91],{"class":84},[48,81547,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81549,365],{"class":84},[48,81551,3969],{"class":87},[48,81553,102],{"class":84},[48,81555,81556],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81557,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81559,81560,81562,81564,81566],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81561,109],{"class":108},[48,81563,91],{"class":84},[48,81565,1964],{"class":87},[48,81567,102],{"class":84},[20,81569,81570],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81572,38971],{},[39,81574,81576],{"className":41,"code":81575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81577,81578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81581,109],{"class":108},[48,81583,91],{"class":84},[48,81585,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81587,91],{"class":84},[48,81589,1964],{"class":87},[48,81591,1034],{"class":84},[1200,81593,81595],{"id":81594},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81597,16360],{},[39,81599,81601],{"className":41,"code":81600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81602,81603,81623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81604,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81606,3321],{"class":54},[48,81608,59],{"class":58},[48,81610,3326],{"class":84},[48,81612,272],{"class":488},[48,81614,365],{"class":84},[48,81616,489],{"class":488},[48,81618,365],{"class":84},[48,81620,2152],{"class":488},[48,81622,3339],{"class":84},[48,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81638,81640],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81626,1929],{"class":54},[48,81628,59],{"class":58},[48,81630,79706],{"class":108},[48,81632,91],{"class":84},[48,81634,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81636,81637],{"class":84},"(),",[48,81639,3969],{"class":87},[48,81641,102],{"class":84},[20,81643,81644,81645,81647,81648,81650],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81646,47390],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81649,39426],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81652,16372],{},[39,81654,81655],{"className":41,"code":80746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81656,81657,81677,81695,81699],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81658,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81660,3321],{"class":54},[48,81662,59],{"class":58},[48,81664,3326],{"class":84},[48,81666,272],{"class":488},[48,81668,365],{"class":84},[48,81670,489],{"class":488},[48,81672,365],{"class":84},[48,81674,2152],{"class":488},[48,81676,3339],{"class":84},[48,81678,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691,81693],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81680,1929],{"class":54},[48,81682,59],{"class":58},[48,81684,79706],{"class":108},[48,81686,91],{"class":84},[48,81688,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81690,365],{"class":84},[48,81692,3969],{"class":87},[48,81694,102],{"class":84},[48,81696,81697],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81700,81701,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81702,109],{"class":108},[48,81704,91],{"class":84},[48,81706,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81708,91],{"class":84},[48,81710,1964],{"class":87},[48,81712,1034],{"class":84},[1200,81714,81716],{"id":81715},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81718,81719],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81721,16360],{},[39,81723,81725],{"className":41,"code":81724,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81726,81727,81744,81754,81758,81778,81797,81801],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81728,81729,81731,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81730,34563],{"class":1767},[48,81732,81733],{"class":34566}," add",[48,81735,91],{"class":84},[48,81737,224],{"class":37373},[48,81739,365],{"class":84},[48,81741,2258],{"class":37373},[48,81743,8053],{"class":84},[48,81745,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81747,34574],{"class":1107},[48,81749,44251],{"class":54},[48,81751,1761],{"class":58},[48,81753,35892],{"class":54},[48,81755,81756],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81757,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81761,3321],{"class":54},[48,81763,59],{"class":58},[48,81765,3326],{"class":84},[48,81767,272],{"class":488},[48,81769,365],{"class":84},[48,81771,489],{"class":488},[48,81773,365],{"class":84},[48,81775,2152],{"class":488},[48,81777,3339],{"class":84},[48,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81791,81793,81795],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,81781,1929],{"class":54},[48,81783,59],{"class":58},[48,81785,79706],{"class":108},[48,81787,91],{"class":84},[48,81789,81790],{"class":87},"add",[48,81792,365],{"class":84},[48,81794,3969],{"class":87},[48,81796,102],{"class":84},[48,81798,81799],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,81800,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,81804,109],{"class":108},[48,81806,91],{"class":84},[48,81808,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81810,91],{"class":84},[48,81812,1964],{"class":87},[48,81814,1034],{"class":84},[20,81816,16372],{},[39,81818,81820],{"className":41,"code":81819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81821,81822,81838,81848,81852,81872,81892,81914,81918],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81823,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81825,34563],{"class":1767},[48,81827,81733],{"class":34566},[48,81829,91],{"class":84},[48,81831,224],{"class":37373},[48,81833,365],{"class":84},[48,81835,2258],{"class":37373},[48,81837,8053],{"class":84},[48,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81841,34574],{"class":1107},[48,81843,44251],{"class":54},[48,81845,1761],{"class":58},[48,81847,35892],{"class":54},[48,81849,81850],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81851,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81855,80342],{"class":54},[48,81857,59],{"class":58},[48,81859,3326],{"class":84},[48,81861,272],{"class":488},[48,81863,365],{"class":84},[48,81865,489],{"class":488},[48,81867,365],{"class":84},[48,81869,2152],{"class":488},[48,81871,3339],{"class":84},[48,81873,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,81875,80363],{"class":54},[48,81877,59],{"class":58},[48,81879,3326],{"class":84},[48,81881,2031],{"class":488},[48,81883,365],{"class":84},[48,81885,7500],{"class":488},[48,81887,365],{"class":84},[48,81889,7505],{"class":488},[48,81891,3339],{"class":84},[48,81893,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,81895,1929],{"class":54},[48,81897,59],{"class":58},[48,81899,79706],{"class":108},[48,81901,91],{"class":84},[48,81903,81790],{"class":87},[48,81905,365],{"class":84},[48,81907,80401],{"class":87},[48,81909,365],{"class":84},[48,81911,80406],{"class":87},[48,81913,102],{"class":84},[48,81915,81916],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,81917,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81919,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,81921,109],{"class":108},[48,81923,91],{"class":84},[48,81925,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81927,91],{"class":84},[48,81929,1964],{"class":87},[48,81931,1034],{"class":84},[1200,81933,81935],{"id":81934},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81937,16360],{},[39,81939,81940],{"className":41,"code":80942,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,81941,81942,81962,81980,81984,81998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,81943,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,81945,3321],{"class":54},[48,81947,59],{"class":58},[48,81949,3326],{"class":84},[48,81951,272],{"class":488},[48,81953,365],{"class":84},[48,81955,489],{"class":488},[48,81957,365],{"class":84},[48,81959,2152],{"class":488},[48,81961,3339],{"class":84},[48,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,81965,1929],{"class":54},[48,81967,59],{"class":58},[48,81969,79706],{"class":108},[48,81971,91],{"class":84},[48,81973,3144],{"class":1047},[48,81975,365],{"class":84},[48,81977,3969],{"class":87},[48,81979,102],{"class":84},[48,81981,81982],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,81983,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,81985,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,81987,109],{"class":108},[48,81989,91],{"class":84},[48,81991,7804],{"class":1047},[48,81993,91],{"class":84},[48,81995,1964],{"class":87},[48,81997,1034],{"class":84},[48,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,82001,109],{"class":108},[48,82003,91],{"class":84},[48,82005,7804],{"class":1047},[48,82007,91],{"class":84},[48,82009,1964],{"class":87},[48,82011,1034],{"class":84},[20,82013,82014],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82016,82017],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[34,82019,67581],{"id":67580},[20,82021,8586,82022,82024],{},[15,82023,39426],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,82026,82028],{"className":41,"code":82027,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82029,82030,82040,82054,82068,82080],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82031,82032,82034,82036,82038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82033,109],{"class":108},[48,82035,91],{"class":84},[48,82037,1964],{"class":87},[48,82039,102],{"class":84},[48,82041,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82043,109],{"class":108},[48,82045,91],{"class":84},[48,82047,7804],{"class":1047},[48,82049,91],{"class":84},[48,82051,1964],{"class":87},[48,82053,1034],{"class":84},[48,82055,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82057,109],{"class":108},[48,82059,91],{"class":84},[48,82061,2921],{"class":1047},[48,82063,91],{"class":84},[48,82065,1964],{"class":87},[48,82067,1034],{"class":84},[48,82069,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,82071,5665],{"class":1107},[48,82073,5668],{"class":54},[48,82075,3587],{"class":1107},[48,82077,80901],{"class":54},[48,82079,1110],{"class":84},[48,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,82083,1138],{"class":108},[48,82085,91],{"class":84},[48,82087,23026],{"class":87},[48,82089,102],{"class":84},[20,82091,12386],{},[162,82093,82094,82099,82104,82110],{},[165,82095,82096,82098],{},[15,82097,32739],{}," shows that you have a map object",[165,82100,82101,82103],{},[15,82102,32747],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[165,82105,82106,82109],{},[15,82107,82108],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[165,82111,82112,82113,82115],{},"looping over ",[15,82114,1964],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82117,82118,82119,82122,82123,82125],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82120,82121],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82124,5665],{}," loop consume the map object.",[34,82127,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,82129,12418,82131,82133],{"id":82130},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82132,39426],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82135,82136,82137,82139,82140,23654],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82138,39426],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82141,82142],{},"list(map(...))",[1200,82144,14618,82146,82148,82149,82151],{"id":82145},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82147,39426],{}," better than a ",[15,82150,5665],{}," loop?",[20,82153,82154,82155,82157,82158,82160],{},"Not always. ",[15,82156,39426],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82159,5665],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1200,82162,1579,82164,82166],{"id":82163},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82165,39426],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82168,82169],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1200,82171,82173],{"id":82172},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82175,82176],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[34,82178,1599],{"id":1598},[162,82180,82181,82187,82193,82197,82201],{},[165,82182,82183],{},[224,82184,3277,82185,3210],{"href":39795},[15,82186,37286],{},[165,82188,82189],{},[224,82190,3277,82191,3210],{"href":64541},[15,82192,24497],{},[165,82194,82195],{},[224,82196,4927],{"href":4838},[165,82198,82199],{},[224,82200,4932],{"href":4098},[165,82202,82203],{},[224,82204,4922],{"href":4842},[1633,82206,82207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":82209},[82210,82211,82213,82214,82215,82217,82222,82229,82231,82238,82239,82248],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":79785,"depth":73,"text":82212},"What map() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":80104,"depth":73,"text":82216},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80288,"depth":73,"text":82218,"children":82219},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82220],{"id":80476,"depth":105,"text":82221},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80633,"depth":73,"text":82223,"children":82224},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82225,82227,82228],{"id":80651,"depth":105,"text":82226},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80842,"depth":105,"text":80843},{"id":80935,"depth":105,"text":80936},{"id":81196,"depth":73,"text":82230},"When to use map()",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":82232},[82233,82235,82236,82237],{"id":81505,"depth":105,"text":82234},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81594,"depth":105,"text":81595},{"id":81715,"depth":105,"text":81716},{"id":81934,"depth":105,"text":81935},{"id":67580,"depth":73,"text":67581},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":82240},[82241,82243,82245,82247],{"id":82130,"depth":105,"text":82242},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82145,"depth":105,"text":82244},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82163,"depth":105,"text":82246},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82172,"depth":105,"text":82173},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79617,"description":82249},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82256,"title":82257,"body":82258,"description":84278,"extension":1666,"meta":84279,"navigation":122,"path":84280,"seo":84281,"stem":84282,"__hash__":84283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82259,"toc":84236},[82260,82266,82271,82274,82282,82285,82287,82411,82413,82431,82433,82453,82458,82462,82476,82479,82482,82484,82489,82601,82604,82622,82628,82631,82693,82695,82704,82707,82721,82723,82771,82773,82782,82792,82798,82801,82828,82830,82838,82841,82844,82914,82916,82924,82927,82932,82937,82988,82990,82998,83001,83003,83020,83022,83074,83077,83083,83087,83092,83095,83099,83158,83160,83169,83175,83184,83188,83251,83253,83261,83266,83270,83275,83355,83357,83366,83373,83378,83383,83386,83421,83423,83431,83434,83440,83442,83492,83494,83503,83506,83524,83526,83531,83537,83544,83571,83573,83596,83601,83636,83641,83647,83652,83695,83698,83701,83740,83747,83753,83758,83773,83777,83784,83787,83791,83796,83800,83805,83807,83868,83870,83899,83904,83911,83920,83922,83925,83950,83952,84055,84058,84076,84085,84087,84092,84095,84101,84104,84106,84116,84122,84126,84184,84191,84199,84201,84233],[10,82261,3277,82263,3281],{"id":82262},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82264,82265],{},"max()",[20,82267,8834,82268,82270],{},[15,82269,82265],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82272,82273],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[162,82275,82276,82279],{},[165,82277,82278],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[165,82280,82281],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82283,82284],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[34,82286,37],{"id":36},[39,82288,82290],{"className":41,"code":82289,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82291,82292,82316,82331,82335,82361,82365,82397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82293,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82295,3321],{"class":54},[48,82297,59],{"class":58},[48,82299,3326],{"class":84},[48,82301,1764],{"class":488},[48,82303,365],{"class":84},[48,82305,6068],{"class":488},[48,82307,365],{"class":84},[48,82309,489],{"class":488},[48,82311,365],{"class":84},[48,82313,549],{"class":488},[48,82315,3339],{"class":84},[48,82317,82318,82320,82322,82325,82327,82329],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82319,109],{"class":108},[48,82321,91],{"class":84},[48,82323,82324],{"class":108},"max",[48,82326,91],{"class":84},[48,82328,3353],{"class":87},[48,82330,1034],{"class":84},[48,82332,82333],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82334,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353,82355,82357,82359],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,82338,109],{"class":108},[48,82340,91],{"class":84},[48,82342,82324],{"class":108},[48,82344,91],{"class":84},[48,82346,1764],{"class":488},[48,82348,365],{"class":84},[48,82350,6068],{"class":488},[48,82352,365],{"class":84},[48,82354,489],{"class":488},[48,82356,365],{"class":84},[48,82358,549],{"class":488},[48,82360,1034],{"class":84},[48,82362,82363],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,82364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,82366,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389,82391,82393,82395],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,82368,3776],{"class":54},[48,82370,59],{"class":58},[48,82372,3326],{"class":84},[48,82374,94],{"class":62},[48,82376,3785],{"class":66},[48,82378,94],{"class":62},[48,82380,365],{"class":84},[48,82382,63],{"class":62},[48,82384,198],{"class":66},[48,82386,94],{"class":62},[48,82388,365],{"class":84},[48,82390,63],{"class":62},[48,82392,78428],{"class":66},[48,82394,94],{"class":62},[48,82396,3339],{"class":84},[48,82398,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,82400,109],{"class":108},[48,82402,91],{"class":84},[48,82404,82324],{"class":108},[48,82406,91],{"class":84},[48,82408,3819],{"class":87},[48,82410,1034],{"class":84},[20,82412,1037],{},[39,82414,82416],{"className":41,"code":82415,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82417,82418,82422,82426],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82419,82420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82421,2082],{"class":488},[48,82423,82424],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82425,2082],{"class":488},[48,82427,82428],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82429,82430],{"class":54},"pear\n",[20,82432,886],{},[162,82434,82435,82441,82447],{},[165,82436,82437,82440],{},[15,82438,82439],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[165,82442,82443,82446],{},[15,82444,82445],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[165,82448,82449,82452],{},[15,82450,82451],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[34,82454,148,82456,152],{"id":82455},"what-max-does",[15,82457,82265],{},[20,82459,82460,503],{},[15,82461,82265],{},[162,82463,82464,82467,82470,82473],{},[165,82465,82466],{},"Returns the largest item",[165,82468,82469],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[165,82471,82472],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[165,82474,82475],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82477,82478],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82480,82481],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[34,82483,340],{"id":339},[20,82485,82486,82487,503],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82488,82265],{},[39,82490,82492],{"className":41,"code":82491,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82493,82494,82504,82528,82550,82573],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82495,82496,82498,82500,82502],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82497,82324],{"class":108},[48,82499,91],{"class":84},[48,82501,3425],{"class":87},[48,82503,102],{"class":84},[48,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82517,82519,82521,82523,82526],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82507,82324],{"class":108},[48,82509,91],{"class":84},[48,82511,3425],{"class":87},[48,82513,365],{"class":84},[48,82515,82516],{"class":58}," *",[48,82518,365],{"class":84},[48,82520,21295],{"class":8887},[48,82522,59],{"class":58},[48,82524,82525],{"class":87},"func",[48,82527,102],{"class":84},[48,82529,82530,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82531,82324],{"class":108},[48,82533,91],{"class":84},[48,82535,3425],{"class":87},[48,82537,365],{"class":84},[48,82539,82516],{"class":58},[48,82541,365],{"class":84},[48,82543,26239],{"class":8887},[48,82545,59],{"class":58},[48,82547,362],{"class":87},[48,82549,102],{"class":84},[48,82551,82552,82554,82556,82559,82561,82564,82566,82568,82571],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,82553,82324],{"class":108},[48,82555,91],{"class":84},[48,82557,82558],{"class":87},"arg1",[48,82560,365],{"class":84},[48,82562,82563],{"class":87}," arg2",[48,82565,365],{"class":84},[48,82567,82516],{"class":58},[48,82569,82570],{"class":87},"args",[48,82572,102],{"class":84},[48,82574,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,82576,82324],{"class":108},[48,82578,91],{"class":84},[48,82580,82558],{"class":87},[48,82582,365],{"class":84},[48,82584,82563],{"class":87},[48,82586,365],{"class":84},[48,82588,82516],{"class":58},[48,82590,82570],{"class":87},[48,82592,365],{"class":84},[48,82594,21295],{"class":8887},[48,82596,59],{"class":58},[48,82598,82525],{"class":87},[48,82600,102],{"class":84},[20,82602,82603],{},"The most important parts are:",[162,82605,82606,82611,82616],{},[165,82607,82608,82610],{},[15,82609,3425],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[165,82612,82613,82615],{},[15,82614,14556],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[165,82617,82618,82621],{},[15,82619,82620],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[34,82623,758,82625,82627],{"id":82624},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82626,82265],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82629,82630],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[39,82632,82634],{"className":41,"code":82633,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82635,82636,82662,82678,82682],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82637,82638,82640,82642,82644,82647,82649,82651,82653,82655,82657,82660],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82639,4770],{"class":54},[48,82641,59],{"class":58},[48,82643,3326],{"class":84},[48,82645,82646],{"class":488},"72",[48,82648,365],{"class":84},[48,82650,51211],{"class":488},[48,82652,365],{"class":84},[48,82654,13221],{"class":488},[48,82656,365],{"class":84},[48,82658,82659],{"class":488}," 66",[48,82661,3339],{"class":84},[48,82663,82664,82667,82669,82672,82674,82676],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82665,82666],{"class":54},"highest_score ",[48,82668,59],{"class":58},[48,82670,82671],{"class":108}," max",[48,82673,91],{"class":84},[48,82675,16105],{"class":87},[48,82677,102],{"class":84},[48,82679,82680],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82681,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,82683,82684,82686,82688,82691],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,82685,109],{"class":108},[48,82687,91],{"class":84},[48,82689,82690],{"class":87},"highest_score",[48,82692,102],{"class":84},[20,82694,1037],{},[39,82696,82698],{"className":41,"code":82697,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"91\n",[15,82699,82700],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82701,82702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82703,82697],{"class":488},[20,82705,82706],{},"This works well for:",[162,82708,82709,82712,82715,82718],{},[165,82710,82711],{},"Scores",[165,82713,82714],{},"Prices",[165,82716,82717],{},"Ages",[165,82719,82720],{},"Counts",[20,82722,51781],{},[39,82724,82726],{"className":41,"code":82725,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82727,82728,82756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82729,82730,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741,82744,82746,82749,82751,82754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82731,82732],{"class":54},"prices ",[48,82734,59],{"class":58},[48,82736,3326],{"class":84},[48,82738,40108],{"class":488},[48,82740,365],{"class":84},[48,82742,82743],{"class":488}," 5.50",[48,82745,365],{"class":84},[48,82747,82748],{"class":488}," 12.75",[48,82750,365],{"class":84},[48,82752,82753],{"class":488}," 29.00",[48,82755,3339],{"class":84},[48,82757,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82769],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82759,109],{"class":108},[48,82761,91],{"class":84},[48,82763,82324],{"class":108},[48,82765,91],{"class":84},[48,82767,82768],{"class":87},"prices",[48,82770,1034],{"class":84},[20,82772,1037],{},[39,82774,82776],{"className":41,"code":82775,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"29.0\n",[15,82777,82778],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82779,82780],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82781,82775],{"class":488},[20,82783,82784,82785,82787,82788,32],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82786,82265],{}," is simpler than ",[224,82789,82790],{"href":74207},[15,82791,74110],{},[34,82793,758,82795,82797],{"id":82794},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82796,82265],{}," with separate values",[20,82799,82800],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[39,82802,82804],{"className":41,"code":82803,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82805,82806],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82807,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82809,109],{"class":108},[48,82811,91],{"class":84},[48,82813,82324],{"class":108},[48,82815,91],{"class":84},[48,82817,907],{"class":488},[48,82819,365],{"class":84},[48,82821,30654],{"class":488},[48,82823,365],{"class":84},[48,82825,5701],{"class":488},[48,82827,1034],{"class":84},[20,82829,1037],{},[39,82831,82832],{"className":41,"code":1924,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82833,82834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82835,82836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82837,1924],{"class":488},[20,82839,82840],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82842,82843],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[39,82845,82847],{"className":41,"code":82846,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82848,82849,82858,82866,82876,82880,82903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82850,82851,82853,82855],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82852,2253],{"class":54},[48,82854,59],{"class":58},[48,82856,82857],{"class":488}," 15\n",[48,82859,82860,82862,82864],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82861,2281],{"class":54},[48,82863,59],{"class":58},[48,82865,2468],{"class":488},[48,82867,82868,82871,82873],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,82869,82870],{"class":54},"c ",[48,82872,59],{"class":58},[48,82874,82875],{"class":488}," 27\n",[48,82877,82878],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,82879,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,82881,82882,82885,82887,82889,82891,82893,82895,82897,82899,82901],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,82883,82884],{"class":54},"largest ",[48,82886,59],{"class":58},[48,82888,82671],{"class":108},[48,82890,91],{"class":84},[48,82892,224],{"class":87},[48,82894,365],{"class":84},[48,82896,2258],{"class":87},[48,82898,365],{"class":84},[48,82900,9394],{"class":87},[48,82902,102],{"class":84},[48,82904,82905,82907,82909,82912],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,82906,109],{"class":108},[48,82908,91],{"class":84},[48,82910,82911],{"class":87},"largest",[48,82913,102],{"class":84},[20,82915,1037],{},[39,82917,82918],{"className":41,"code":46318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82919,82920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82921,82922],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82923,46318],{"class":488},[20,82925,82926],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[34,82928,758,82930,46765],{"id":82929},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82931,82265],{},[20,82933,82934,82936],{},[15,82935,82265],{}," can compare strings too.",[39,82938,82940],{"className":41,"code":82939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82941,82942,82974],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82943,82944,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82945,3776],{"class":54},[48,82947,59],{"class":58},[48,82949,3326],{"class":84},[48,82951,94],{"class":62},[48,82953,3785],{"class":66},[48,82955,94],{"class":62},[48,82957,365],{"class":84},[48,82959,63],{"class":62},[48,82961,198],{"class":66},[48,82963,94],{"class":62},[48,82965,365],{"class":84},[48,82967,63],{"class":62},[48,82969,78428],{"class":66},[48,82971,94],{"class":62},[48,82973,3339],{"class":84},[48,82975,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,82977,109],{"class":108},[48,82979,91],{"class":84},[48,82981,82324],{"class":108},[48,82983,91],{"class":84},[48,82985,3819],{"class":87},[48,82987,1034],{"class":84},[20,82989,1037],{},[39,82991,82992],{"className":41,"code":82430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,82993,82994],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,82995,82996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,82997,82430],{"class":54},[20,82999,83000],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83002,67969],{},[162,83004,83005,83014,83017],{},[165,83006,83007,83010,83011,83013],{},[15,83008,83009],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83012,64965],{}," alphabetically",[165,83015,83016],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[165,83018,83019],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83021,182],{},[39,83023,83025],{"className":41,"code":83024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83026,83027,83060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83028,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83030,3776],{"class":54},[48,83032,59],{"class":58},[48,83034,3326],{"class":84},[48,83036,94],{"class":62},[48,83038,3785],{"class":66},[48,83040,94],{"class":62},[48,83042,365],{"class":84},[48,83044,63],{"class":62},[48,83046,83047],{"class":66},"Banana",[48,83049,94],{"class":62},[48,83051,365],{"class":84},[48,83053,63],{"class":62},[48,83055,78428],{"class":66},[48,83057,94],{"class":62},[48,83059,3339],{"class":84},[48,83061,83062,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83063,109],{"class":108},[48,83065,91],{"class":84},[48,83067,82324],{"class":108},[48,83069,91],{"class":84},[48,83071,3819],{"class":87},[48,83073,1034],{"class":84},[20,83075,83076],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83078,83079,83080,83082],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83081,14556],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[34,83084,36323,83085,36326],{"id":78386},[15,83086,14556],{},[20,83088,765,83089,83091],{},[15,83090,14556],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83093,83094],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1200,83096,83098],{"id":83097},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[39,83100,83102],{"className":41,"code":83101,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83103,83104,83136],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83105,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114,83116,83118,83120,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83107,3776],{"class":54},[48,83109,59],{"class":58},[48,83111,3326],{"class":84},[48,83113,94],{"class":62},[48,83115,607],{"class":66},[48,83117,94],{"class":62},[48,83119,365],{"class":84},[48,83121,63],{"class":62},[48,83123,68012],{"class":66},[48,83125,94],{"class":62},[48,83127,365],{"class":84},[48,83129,63],{"class":62},[48,83131,57827],{"class":66},[48,83133,94],{"class":62},[48,83135,3339],{"class":84},[48,83137,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83139,109],{"class":108},[48,83141,91],{"class":84},[48,83143,82324],{"class":108},[48,83145,91],{"class":84},[48,83147,3819],{"class":87},[48,83149,365],{"class":84},[48,83151,21295],{"class":8887},[48,83153,59],{"class":58},[48,83155,10874],{"class":108},[48,83157,1034],{"class":84},[20,83159,1037],{},[39,83161,83163],{"className":41,"code":83162,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"elephant\n",[15,83164,83165],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83166,83167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83168,83162],{"class":54},[20,83170,20487,83171,83174],{},[15,83172,83173],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83176,83177,83178,33341,83180,32],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83179,42068],{},[224,83181,83182,5490],{"href":42065},[15,83183,42068],{},[1200,83185,83187],{"id":83186},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[39,83189,83191],{"className":41,"code":83190,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83192,83193,83225],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83194,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83196,3776],{"class":54},[48,83198,59],{"class":58},[48,83200,3326],{"class":84},[48,83202,94],{"class":62},[48,83204,3785],{"class":66},[48,83206,94],{"class":62},[48,83208,365],{"class":84},[48,83210,63],{"class":62},[48,83212,83047],{"class":66},[48,83214,94],{"class":62},[48,83216,365],{"class":84},[48,83218,63],{"class":62},[48,83220,78428],{"class":66},[48,83222,94],{"class":62},[48,83224,3339],{"class":84},[48,83226,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83228,109],{"class":108},[48,83230,91],{"class":84},[48,83232,82324],{"class":108},[48,83234,91],{"class":84},[48,83236,3819],{"class":87},[48,83238,365],{"class":84},[48,83240,21295],{"class":8887},[48,83242,59],{"class":58},[48,83244,3144],{"class":1047},[48,83246,32],{"class":84},[48,83248,8350],{"class":24466},[48,83250,1034],{"class":84},[20,83252,1037],{},[39,83254,83255],{"className":41,"code":82430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,83256,83257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83258,83259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83260,82430],{"class":54},[20,83262,20487,83263,83265],{},[15,83264,78382],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1200,83267,83269],{"id":83268},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83271,83272,83273,503],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83274,37370],{},[39,83276,83278],{"className":41,"code":83277,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83279,83280,83323],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83281,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83298,83301,83303,83305,83307,83310,83312,83314,83316,83319,83321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83283,7489],{"class":54},[48,83285,59],{"class":58},[48,83287,3326],{"class":84},[48,83289,94],{"class":62},[48,83291,224],{"class":66},[48,83293,94],{"class":62},[48,83295,365],{"class":84},[48,83297,63],{"class":62},[48,83299,83300],{"class":66},"bb",[48,83302,94],{"class":62},[48,83304,365],{"class":84},[48,83306,63],{"class":62},[48,83308,83309],{"class":66},"cccc",[48,83311,94],{"class":62},[48,83313,365],{"class":84},[48,83315,63],{"class":62},[48,83317,83318],{"class":66},"ddd",[48,83320,94],{"class":62},[48,83322,3339],{"class":84},[48,83324,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83326,109],{"class":108},[48,83328,91],{"class":84},[48,83330,82324],{"class":108},[48,83332,91],{"class":84},[48,83334,7520],{"class":87},[48,83336,365],{"class":84},[48,83338,21295],{"class":8887},[48,83340,59],{"class":58},[48,83342,37370],{"class":1767},[48,83344,81],{"class":37373},[48,83346,503],{"class":84},[48,83348,38095],{"class":108},[48,83350,91],{"class":84},[48,83352,213],{"class":87},[48,83354,2610],{"class":84},[20,83356,1037],{},[39,83358,83360],{"className":41,"code":83359,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cccc\n",[15,83361,83362],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83363,83364],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83365,83359],{"class":54},[20,83367,49257,83368,500,83370,83372],{},[15,83369,83173],{},[15,83371,78269],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[34,83374,36323,83376,36326],{"id":83375},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83377,82620],{},[20,83379,765,83380,83382],{},[15,83381,82620],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83384,83385],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[39,83387,83389],{"className":41,"code":83388,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83390,83391,83399],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83392,83393,83395,83397],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83394,3321],{"class":54},[48,83396,59],{"class":58},[48,83398,7549],{"class":84},[48,83400,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83402,109],{"class":108},[48,83404,91],{"class":84},[48,83406,82324],{"class":108},[48,83408,91],{"class":84},[48,83410,3353],{"class":87},[48,83412,365],{"class":84},[48,83414,26239],{"class":8887},[48,83416,59],{"class":58},[48,83418,578],{"class":488},[48,83420,1034],{"class":84},[20,83422,1037],{},[39,83424,83425],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,83426,83427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83428,83429],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83430,46958],{"class":488},[20,83432,83433],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83435,83436,83437,83439],{},"Without ",[15,83438,82620],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83441,51781],{},[39,83443,83445],{"className":41,"code":83444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83446,83447,83455,83482],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83448,83449,83451,83453],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83450,3776],{"class":54},[48,83452,59],{"class":58},[48,83454,7549],{"class":84},[48,83456,83457,83459,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83478,83480],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83458,1929],{"class":54},[48,83460,59],{"class":58},[48,83462,82671],{"class":108},[48,83464,91],{"class":84},[48,83466,3819],{"class":87},[48,83468,365],{"class":84},[48,83470,26239],{"class":8887},[48,83472,59],{"class":58},[48,83474,94],{"class":62},[48,83476,83477],{"class":66},"no words found",[48,83479,94],{"class":62},[48,83481,102],{"class":84},[48,83483,83484,83486,83488,83490],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,83485,109],{"class":108},[48,83487,91],{"class":84},[48,83489,1964],{"class":87},[48,83491,102],{"class":84},[20,83493,1037],{},[39,83495,83497],{"className":41,"code":83496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"no words found\n",[15,83498,83499],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83500,83501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83502,83496],{"class":54},[20,83504,83505],{},"Important:",[162,83507,83508,83516],{},[165,83509,83510,83512,83513],{},[15,83511,82620],{}," works with ",[15,83514,83515],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[165,83517,40615,83518,83520,83521],{},[565,83519,1055],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83522,83523],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[34,83525,47693],{"id":47692},[20,83527,83528,83529,32],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83530,82265],{},[1200,83532,83534,83536],{"id":83533},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83535,31],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83538,83539,83540,45615,83542,32],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83541,82620],{},[15,83543,31],{},[39,83545,83547],{"className":41,"code":83546,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83548,83549,83557],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83550,83551,83553,83555],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83552,3321],{"class":54},[48,83554,59],{"class":58},[48,83556,7549],{"class":84},[48,83558,83559,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83560,109],{"class":108},[48,83562,91],{"class":84},[48,83564,82324],{"class":108},[48,83566,91],{"class":84},[48,83568,3353],{"class":87},[48,83570,1034],{"class":84},[20,83572,29396],{},[39,83574,83576],{"className":41,"code":83575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83577,83578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83579,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83591,83593],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83581,31],{"class":1047},[48,83583,503],{"class":84},[48,83585,82671],{"class":108},[48,83587,7074],{"class":84},[48,83589,83590],{"class":54}," arg ",[48,83592,11907],{"class":58},[48,83594,83595],{"class":54}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83597,83598,83599,503],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83600,82620],{},[39,83602,83604],{"className":41,"code":83603,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83605,83606,83614],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83607,83608,83610,83612],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83609,3321],{"class":54},[48,83611,59],{"class":58},[48,83613,7549],{"class":84},[48,83615,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83617,109],{"class":108},[48,83619,91],{"class":84},[48,83621,82324],{"class":108},[48,83623,91],{"class":84},[48,83625,3353],{"class":87},[48,83627,365],{"class":84},[48,83629,26239],{"class":8887},[48,83631,59],{"class":58},[48,83633,3483],{"class":3556},[48,83635,1034],{"class":84},[20,83637,83638,83639,32],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[224,83640,65527],{"href":72564},[1200,83642,83644,83646],{"id":83643},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83645,2703],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83648,83649,83650,32],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83651,2703],{},[39,83653,83655],{"className":41,"code":83654,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83656,83657,83681],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83658,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83660,7489],{"class":54},[48,83662,59],{"class":58},[48,83664,3326],{"class":84},[48,83666,2031],{"class":488},[48,83668,365],{"class":84},[48,83670,63],{"class":62},[48,83672,15470],{"class":66},[48,83674,94],{"class":62},[48,83676,365],{"class":84},[48,83678,7505],{"class":488},[48,83680,3339],{"class":84},[48,83682,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83684,109],{"class":108},[48,83686,91],{"class":84},[48,83688,82324],{"class":108},[48,83690,91],{"class":84},[48,83692,7520],{"class":87},[48,83694,1034],{"class":84},[20,83696,83697],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83699,83700],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[39,83702,83704],{"className":41,"code":83703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83705,83706,83726],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83707,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83709,7489],{"class":54},[48,83711,59],{"class":58},[48,83713,3326],{"class":84},[48,83715,2031],{"class":488},[48,83717,365],{"class":84},[48,83719,7500],{"class":488},[48,83721,365],{"class":84},[48,83723,7505],{"class":488},[48,83725,3339],{"class":84},[48,83727,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83729,109],{"class":108},[48,83731,91],{"class":84},[48,83733,82324],{"class":108},[48,83735,91],{"class":84},[48,83737,7520],{"class":87},[48,83739,1034],{"class":84},[20,83741,83742,83743,32],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[224,83744,83746],{"href":83745},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1200,83748,83750,83752],{"id":83749},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83751,2703],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83754,83755,83757],{},[15,83756,82265],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[39,83759,83761],{"className":41,"code":83760,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(max())\n",[15,83762,83763],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83764,83765,83767,83769,83771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83766,109],{"class":108},[48,83768,91],{"class":84},[48,83770,82324],{"class":108},[48,83772,6902],{"class":84},[20,83774,2700,83775,32],{},[15,83776,2703],{},[34,83778,83780,1188,83782],{"id":83779},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83781,82265],{},[15,83783,74110],{},[20,83785,83786],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83788,83789,503],{},[15,83790,82265],{},[162,83792,83793],{},[165,83794,83795],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83797,83798,503],{},[15,83799,74110],{},[162,83801,83802],{},[165,83803,83804],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83806,182],{},[39,83808,83810],{"className":41,"code":83809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83811,83812,83836,83840,83854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83813,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83815,3321],{"class":54},[48,83817,59],{"class":58},[48,83819,3326],{"class":84},[48,83821,1764],{"class":488},[48,83823,365],{"class":84},[48,83825,6068],{"class":488},[48,83827,365],{"class":84},[48,83829,489],{"class":488},[48,83831,365],{"class":84},[48,83833,549],{"class":488},[48,83835,3339],{"class":84},[48,83837,83838],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83839,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,83841,83842,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,83843,109],{"class":108},[48,83845,91],{"class":84},[48,83847,82324],{"class":108},[48,83849,91],{"class":84},[48,83851,3353],{"class":87},[48,83853,1034],{"class":84},[48,83855,83856,83858,83860,83862,83864,83866],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,83857,109],{"class":108},[48,83859,91],{"class":84},[48,83861,74200],{"class":108},[48,83863,91],{"class":84},[48,83865,3353],{"class":87},[48,83867,1034],{"class":84},[20,83869,1037],{},[39,83871,83873],{"className":41,"code":83872,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83874,83875,83879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83876,83877],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83878,2082],{"class":488},[48,83880,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83882,3605],{"class":84},[48,83884,280],{"class":488},[48,83886,365],{"class":84},[48,83888,2152],{"class":488},[48,83890,365],{"class":84},[48,83892,549],{"class":488},[48,83894,365],{"class":84},[48,83896,6068],{"class":488},[48,83898,3339],{"class":84},[20,83900,139,83901,83903],{},[15,83902,82265],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83905,139,83906,83910],{},[224,83907,83908],{"href":74207},[15,83909,74110],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83912,83913,83914,32],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[224,83915,83917],{"href":83916},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83918,83919],{},"min()",[34,83921,1366],{"id":1365},[20,83923,83924],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[162,83926,83927,83934,83937,83942,83945],{},[165,83928,29365,83929,83931,83932],{},[15,83930,82265],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83933,82620],{},[165,83935,83936],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[165,83938,1379,83939,83941],{},[15,83940,82265],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[165,83943,83944],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[165,83946,758,83947,83949],{},[15,83948,82620],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83951,10825],{},[39,83953,83955],{"className":41,"code":83954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83956,83957,83967,83981,83995,84009,84031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,83958,83959,83961,83963,83965],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,83960,109],{"class":108},[48,83962,91],{"class":84},[48,83964,7520],{"class":87},[48,83966,102],{"class":84},[48,83968,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,83970,109],{"class":108},[48,83972,91],{"class":84},[48,83974,2921],{"class":1047},[48,83976,91],{"class":84},[48,83978,7520],{"class":87},[48,83980,1034],{"class":84},[48,83982,83983,83985,83987,83989,83991,83993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,83984,109],{"class":108},[48,83986,91],{"class":84},[48,83988,10874],{"class":108},[48,83990,91],{"class":84},[48,83992,7520],{"class":87},[48,83994,1034],{"class":84},[48,83996,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,83998,109],{"class":108},[48,84000,91],{"class":84},[48,84002,82324],{"class":108},[48,84004,91],{"class":84},[48,84006,7520],{"class":87},[48,84008,1034],{"class":84},[48,84010,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,84012,109],{"class":108},[48,84014,91],{"class":84},[48,84016,82324],{"class":108},[48,84018,91],{"class":84},[48,84020,7520],{"class":87},[48,84022,365],{"class":84},[48,84024,26239],{"class":8887},[48,84026,59],{"class":58},[48,84028,3483],{"class":3556},[48,84030,1034],{"class":84},[48,84032,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047,84049,84051,84053],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,84034,109],{"class":108},[48,84036,2684],{"class":84},[48,84038,2921],{"class":1047},[48,84040,91],{"class":84},[48,84042,1873],{"class":87},[48,84044,3366],{"class":84},[48,84046,3581],{"class":1107},[48,84048,3584],{"class":87},[48,84050,3587],{"class":1107},[48,84052,5673],{"class":87},[48,84054,3593],{"class":84},[20,84056,84057],{},"These are useful for checking:",[162,84059,84060,84065,84070,84073],{},[165,84061,84062,84063],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84064,7520],{},[165,84066,79435,84067,84069],{},[15,84068,7520],{}," is a list or some other type",[165,84071,84072],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[165,84074,84075],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84077,69033,84078,84081,84082,84084],{},[15,84079,84080],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84083,7520],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[34,84086,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,84088,4849,84090,4852],{"id":84089},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84091,82265],{},[20,84093,84094],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1200,84096,1579,84098,84100],{"id":84097},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84099,82265],{}," work with strings?",[20,84102,84103],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1200,84105,71332],{"id":71331},[20,84107,84108,988,84110,84112,84113,84115],{},[15,84109,82265],{},[15,84111,31],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84114,82620],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1200,84117,84119,84120,1564],{"id":84118},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84121,82265],{},[20,84123,139,84124,503],{},[15,84125,83173],{},[39,84127,84128],{"className":41,"code":83101,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84129,84130,84162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84131,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84133,3776],{"class":54},[48,84135,59],{"class":58},[48,84137,3326],{"class":84},[48,84139,94],{"class":62},[48,84141,607],{"class":66},[48,84143,94],{"class":62},[48,84145,365],{"class":84},[48,84147,63],{"class":62},[48,84149,68012],{"class":66},[48,84151,94],{"class":62},[48,84153,365],{"class":84},[48,84155,63],{"class":62},[48,84157,57827],{"class":66},[48,84159,94],{"class":62},[48,84161,3339],{"class":84},[48,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84165,109],{"class":108},[48,84167,91],{"class":84},[48,84169,82324],{"class":108},[48,84171,91],{"class":84},[48,84173,3819],{"class":87},[48,84175,365],{"class":84},[48,84177,21295],{"class":8887},[48,84179,59],{"class":58},[48,84181,10874],{"class":108},[48,84183,1034],{"class":84},[1200,84185,1559,84187,500,84189,1564],{"id":84186},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84188,82265],{},[15,84190,74110],{},[20,84192,84193,84195,84196,84198],{},[15,84194,82265],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84197,74110],{}," returns all items in order.",[34,84200,1599],{"id":1598},[162,84202,84203,84209,84215,84221,84225,84229],{},[165,84204,84205],{},[224,84206,84207,3210],{"href":83916},[15,84208,83919],{},[165,84210,84211],{},[224,84212,84213,3210],{"href":74207},[15,84214,74110],{},[165,84216,84217],{},[224,84218,84219,3210],{"href":42065},[15,84220,42068],{},[165,84222,84223],{},[224,84224,58655],{"href":58654},[165,84226,84227],{},[224,84228,65527],{"href":72564},[165,84230,84231],{},[224,84232,83746],{"href":83745},[1633,84234,84235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":84237},[84238,84239,84241,84242,84244,84246,84248,84253,84255,84263,84265,84266,84277],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":82455,"depth":73,"text":84240},"What max() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":82624,"depth":73,"text":84243},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82794,"depth":73,"text":84245},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82929,"depth":73,"text":84247},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78386,"depth":73,"text":79584,"children":84249},[84250,84251,84252],{"id":83097,"depth":105,"text":83098},{"id":83186,"depth":105,"text":83187},{"id":83268,"depth":105,"text":83269},{"id":83375,"depth":73,"text":84254},"Using the default argument",{"id":47692,"depth":73,"text":47693,"children":84256},[84257,84259,84261],{"id":83533,"depth":105,"text":84258},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83643,"depth":105,"text":84260},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83749,"depth":105,"text":84262},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83779,"depth":73,"text":84264},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":84267},[84268,84270,84272,84273,84275],{"id":84089,"depth":105,"text":84269},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84097,"depth":105,"text":84271},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71331,"depth":105,"text":71332},{"id":84118,"depth":105,"text":84274},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84186,"depth":105,"text":84276},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82257,"description":84278},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84285,"title":84286,"body":84287,"description":86241,"extension":1666,"meta":86242,"navigation":122,"path":86243,"seo":86244,"stem":86245,"__hash__":86246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84288,"toc":86198},[84289,84294,84299,84305,84307,84381,84383,84396,84401,84406,84422,84426,84431,84507,84513,84516,84559,84561,84569,84575,84578,84609,84611,84619,84625,84630,84689,84691,84700,84703,84713,84719,84724,84759,84761,84769,84775,84781,84786,84830,84832,84841,84844,84884,84886,84895,84898,84910,84915,84920,84971,84973,84982,84985,85036,85038,85047,85050,85057,85063,85068,85070,85085,85089,85149,85151,85160,85164,85336,85338,85375,85382,85388,85391,85418,85420,85441,85446,85481,85483,85491,85494,85497,85513,85518,85520,85524,85530,85534,85561,85564,85574,85614,85618,85621,85664,85666,85675,85678,85683,85752,85754,85762,85767,85771,85774,85825,85827,85835,85838,85901,85903,85911,85914,85919,85923,85936,85943,85951,85953,85955,85985,85991,86092,86102,86104,86109,86112,86117,86120,86122,86130,86138,86146,86153,86161,86163,86195],[10,84290,3277,84292,3281],{"id":84291},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84293,83919],{},[20,84295,84296,84298],{},[15,84297,83919],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84300,84301,84302,84304],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84303,83919],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[34,84306,37],{"id":36},[39,84308,84310],{"className":41,"code":84309,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84311,84312,84336,84351,84355],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84313,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84315,3321],{"class":54},[48,84317,59],{"class":58},[48,84319,3326],{"class":84},[48,84321,1837],{"class":488},[48,84323,365],{"class":84},[48,84325,489],{"class":488},[48,84327,365],{"class":84},[48,84329,53835],{"class":488},[48,84331,365],{"class":84},[48,84333,5204],{"class":488},[48,84335,3339],{"class":84},[48,84337,84338,84340,84342,84345,84347,84349],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84339,109],{"class":108},[48,84341,91],{"class":84},[48,84343,84344],{"class":108},"min",[48,84346,91],{"class":84},[48,84348,3353],{"class":87},[48,84350,1034],{"class":84},[48,84352,84353],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,84354,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,84356,84357,84359,84361,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,84358,109],{"class":108},[48,84360,91],{"class":84},[48,84362,84344],{"class":108},[48,84364,91],{"class":84},[48,84366,1837],{"class":488},[48,84368,365],{"class":84},[48,84370,489],{"class":488},[48,84372,365],{"class":84},[48,84374,53835],{"class":488},[48,84376,365],{"class":84},[48,84378,5204],{"class":488},[48,84380,1034],{"class":84},[20,84382,1037],{},[39,84384,84386],{"className":41,"code":84385,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1\n1\n",[15,84387,84388,84392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84389,84390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84391,46623],{"class":488},[48,84393,84394],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84395,46623],{"class":488},[20,84397,139,84398,84400],{},[15,84399,83919],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[34,84402,148,84404,152],{"id":84403},"what-min-does",[15,84405,83919],{},[162,84407,84408,84413,84416,84419],{},[165,84409,84410,84412],{},[15,84411,83919],{}," returns the smallest item",[165,84414,84415],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[165,84417,84418],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[165,84420,84421],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[34,84423,84425],{"id":84424},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84427,84428,84429,503],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84430,83919],{},[39,84432,84434],{"className":41,"code":84433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84435,84436,84446,84471,84489],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84437,84438,84440,84442,84444],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84439,84344],{"class":108},[48,84441,91],{"class":84},[48,84443,3425],{"class":87},[48,84445,102],{"class":84},[48,84447,84448,84450,84452,84455,84457,84460,84462,84465,84467,84469],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84449,84344],{"class":108},[48,84451,91],{"class":84},[48,84453,84454],{"class":87},"value1",[48,84456,365],{"class":84},[48,84458,84459],{"class":87}," value2",[48,84461,365],{"class":84},[48,84463,84464],{"class":87}," value3",[48,84466,365],{"class":84},[48,84468,34167],{"class":108},[48,84470,102],{"class":84},[48,84472,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,84474,84344],{"class":108},[48,84476,91],{"class":84},[48,84478,3425],{"class":87},[48,84480,365],{"class":84},[48,84482,21295],{"class":8887},[48,84484,59],{"class":58},[48,84486,37081],{"class":108},[48,84488,102],{"class":84},[48,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,84492,84344],{"class":108},[48,84494,91],{"class":84},[48,84496,3425],{"class":87},[48,84498,365],{"class":84},[48,84500,26239],{"class":8887},[48,84502,59],{"class":58},[48,84504,37081],{"class":108},[48,84506,102],{"class":84},[1200,84508,84510],{"id":84509},"miniterable",[15,84511,84512],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84514,84515],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[39,84517,84519],{"className":41,"code":84518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84520,84521,84545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84522,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84524,3321],{"class":54},[48,84526,59],{"class":58},[48,84528,3326],{"class":84},[48,84530,2046],{"class":488},[48,84532,365],{"class":84},[48,84534,2152],{"class":488},[48,84536,365],{"class":84},[48,84538,30654],{"class":488},[48,84540,365],{"class":84},[48,84542,5204],{"class":488},[48,84544,3339],{"class":84},[48,84546,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84548,109],{"class":108},[48,84550,91],{"class":84},[48,84552,84344],{"class":108},[48,84554,91],{"class":84},[48,84556,3353],{"class":87},[48,84558,1034],{"class":84},[20,84560,1037],{},[39,84562,84563],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84564,84565],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84566,84567],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84568,46623],{"class":488},[1200,84570,84572],{"id":84571},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84573,84574],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84576,84577],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[39,84579,84581],{"className":41,"code":84580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84582,84583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84584,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84586,109],{"class":108},[48,84588,91],{"class":84},[48,84590,84344],{"class":108},[48,84592,91],{"class":84},[48,84594,2046],{"class":488},[48,84596,365],{"class":84},[48,84598,2152],{"class":488},[48,84600,365],{"class":84},[48,84602,30654],{"class":488},[48,84604,365],{"class":84},[48,84606,5204],{"class":488},[48,84608,1034],{"class":84},[20,84610,1037],{},[39,84612,84613],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84614,84615],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84616,84617],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84618,46623],{"class":488},[1200,84620,84622],{"id":84621},"miniterable-key",[15,84623,84624],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84626,139,84627,84629],{},[15,84628,14556],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[39,84631,84633],{"className":41,"code":84632,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84634,84635,84667],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84636,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663,84665],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84638,3776],{"class":54},[48,84640,59],{"class":58},[48,84642,3326],{"class":84},[48,84644,94],{"class":62},[48,84646,78428],{"class":66},[48,84648,94],{"class":62},[48,84650,365],{"class":84},[48,84652,63],{"class":62},[48,84654,38050],{"class":66},[48,84656,94],{"class":62},[48,84658,365],{"class":84},[48,84660,63],{"class":62},[48,84662,198],{"class":66},[48,84664,94],{"class":62},[48,84666,3339],{"class":84},[48,84668,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84670,109],{"class":108},[48,84672,91],{"class":84},[48,84674,84344],{"class":108},[48,84676,91],{"class":84},[48,84678,3819],{"class":87},[48,84680,365],{"class":84},[48,84682,21295],{"class":8887},[48,84684,59],{"class":58},[48,84686,10874],{"class":108},[48,84688,1034],{"class":84},[20,84690,1037],{},[39,84692,84694],{"className":41,"code":84693,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"kiwi\n",[15,84695,84696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84697,84698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84699,84693],{"class":54},[20,84701,84702],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84704,84705,84706,84708,84709,32],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84707,42068],{},", see the ",[224,84710,84711,3210],{"href":42065},[15,84712,42068],{},[1200,84714,84716],{"id":84715},"miniterable-default",[15,84717,84718],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84720,139,84721,84723],{},[15,84722,82620],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[39,84725,84727],{"className":41,"code":84726,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84728,84729,84737],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84730,84731,84733,84735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84732,3321],{"class":54},[48,84734,59],{"class":58},[48,84736,7549],{"class":84},[48,84738,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84740,109],{"class":108},[48,84742,91],{"class":84},[48,84744,84344],{"class":108},[48,84746,91],{"class":84},[48,84748,3353],{"class":87},[48,84750,365],{"class":84},[48,84752,26239],{"class":8887},[48,84754,59],{"class":58},[48,84756,578],{"class":488},[48,84758,1034],{"class":84},[20,84760,1037],{},[39,84762,84763],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,84764,84765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84766,84767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84768,46958],{"class":488},[20,84770,84771,84772,84774],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84773,31],{}," when there is no item to return.",[34,84776,758,84778,84780],{"id":84777},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84779,83919],{}," with numbers",[20,84782,84783,84785],{},[15,84784,83919],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[39,84787,84789],{"className":41,"code":84788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84790,84791,84816],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84792,84793,84795,84797,84799,84801,84803,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84794,4770],{"class":54},[48,84796,59],{"class":58},[48,84798,3326],{"class":84},[48,84800,51206],{"class":488},[48,84802,365],{"class":84},[48,84804,84805],{"class":488}," 72",[48,84807,365],{"class":84},[48,84809,28621],{"class":488},[48,84811,365],{"class":84},[48,84813,75785],{"class":488},[48,84815,3339],{"class":84},[48,84817,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84819,109],{"class":108},[48,84821,91],{"class":84},[48,84823,84344],{"class":108},[48,84825,91],{"class":84},[48,84827,16105],{"class":87},[48,84829,1034],{"class":84},[20,84831,1037],{},[39,84833,84835],{"className":41,"code":84834,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"60\n",[15,84836,84837],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84838,84839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84840,84834],{"class":488},[20,84842,84843],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[39,84845,84847],{"className":41,"code":84846,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84848,84849,84870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84850,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84864,84866,84868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84852,82732],{"class":54},[48,84854,59],{"class":58},[48,84856,3326],{"class":84},[48,84858,40108],{"class":488},[48,84860,365],{"class":84},[48,84862,84863],{"class":488}," 5.49",[48,84865,365],{"class":84},[48,84867,82748],{"class":488},[48,84869,3339],{"class":84},[48,84871,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84873,109],{"class":108},[48,84875,91],{"class":84},[48,84877,84344],{"class":108},[48,84879,91],{"class":84},[48,84881,82768],{"class":87},[48,84883,1034],{"class":84},[20,84885,1037],{},[39,84887,84889],{"className":41,"code":84888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5.49\n",[15,84890,84891],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84892,84893],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84894,84888],{"class":488},[20,84896,84897],{},"This is useful for things like:",[162,84899,84900,84902,84904,84907],{},[165,84901,16105],{},[165,84903,82768],{},[165,84905,84906],{},"measurements",[165,84908,84909],{},"ages",[34,84911,758,84913,46765],{"id":84912},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84914,83919],{},[20,84916,84917,84919],{},[15,84918,83919],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[39,84921,84923],{"className":41,"code":84922,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84924,84925,84957],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84926,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951,84953,84955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84928,3776],{"class":54},[48,84930,59],{"class":58},[48,84932,3326],{"class":84},[48,84934,94],{"class":62},[48,84936,198],{"class":66},[48,84938,94],{"class":62},[48,84940,365],{"class":84},[48,84942,63],{"class":62},[48,84944,3785],{"class":66},[48,84946,94],{"class":62},[48,84948,365],{"class":84},[48,84950,63],{"class":62},[48,84952,3802],{"class":66},[48,84954,94],{"class":62},[48,84956,3339],{"class":84},[48,84958,84959,84961,84963,84965,84967,84969],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,84960,109],{"class":108},[48,84962,91],{"class":84},[48,84964,84344],{"class":108},[48,84966,91],{"class":84},[48,84968,3819],{"class":87},[48,84970,1034],{"class":84},[20,84972,1037],{},[39,84974,84976],{"className":41,"code":84975,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apple\n",[15,84977,84978],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84979,84980],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84981,84975],{"class":54},[20,84983,84984],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[39,84986,84988],{"className":41,"code":84987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84989,84990,85022],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,84991,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,84993,3776],{"class":54},[48,84995,59],{"class":58},[48,84997,3326],{"class":84},[48,84999,94],{"class":62},[48,85001,198],{"class":66},[48,85003,94],{"class":62},[48,85005,365],{"class":84},[48,85007,63],{"class":62},[48,85009,57468],{"class":66},[48,85011,94],{"class":62},[48,85013,365],{"class":84},[48,85015,63],{"class":62},[48,85017,3802],{"class":66},[48,85019,94],{"class":62},[48,85021,3339],{"class":84},[48,85023,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85025,109],{"class":108},[48,85027,91],{"class":84},[48,85029,84344],{"class":108},[48,85031,91],{"class":84},[48,85033,3819],{"class":87},[48,85035,1034],{"class":84},[20,85037,1037],{},[39,85039,85041],{"className":41,"code":85040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Apple\n",[15,85042,85043],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85044,85045],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85046,85040],{"class":54},[20,85048,85049],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85051,85052,85053,32],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[224,85054,85055,5490],{"href":74207},[15,85056,74110],{},[34,85058,758,85060,85062],{"id":85059},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85061,83919],{}," with a key function",[20,85064,765,85065,85067],{},[15,85066,14556],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85069,11170],{},[162,85071,85072,85077,85082],{},[165,85073,85074,85076],{},[15,85075,14556],{}," changes the comparison rule",[165,85078,85079,85081],{},[15,85080,83919],{}," still returns the original item",[165,85083,85084],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1200,85086,85088],{"id":85087},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[39,85090,85092],{"className":41,"code":85091,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85093,85094,85127],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85095,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120,85123,85125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85097,3776],{"class":54},[48,85099,59],{"class":58},[48,85101,3326],{"class":84},[48,85103,94],{"class":62},[48,85105,68012],{"class":66},[48,85107,94],{"class":62},[48,85109,365],{"class":84},[48,85111,63],{"class":62},[48,85113,607],{"class":66},[48,85115,94],{"class":62},[48,85117,365],{"class":84},[48,85119,63],{"class":62},[48,85121,85122],{"class":66},"giraffe",[48,85124,94],{"class":62},[48,85126,3339],{"class":84},[48,85128,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85130,109],{"class":108},[48,85132,91],{"class":84},[48,85134,84344],{"class":108},[48,85136,91],{"class":84},[48,85138,3819],{"class":87},[48,85140,365],{"class":84},[48,85142,21295],{"class":8887},[48,85144,59],{"class":58},[48,85146,10874],{"class":108},[48,85148,1034],{"class":84},[20,85150,1037],{},[39,85152,85154],{"className":41,"code":85153,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cat\n",[15,85155,85156],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85157,85158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85159,85153],{"class":54},[1200,85161,85163],{"id":85162},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[39,85165,85167],{"className":41,"code":85166,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85168,85169,85179,85214,85246,85278,85282,85286,85325],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85170,85171,85174,85176],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85172,85173],{"class":54},"students ",[48,85175,59],{"class":58},[48,85177,85178],{"class":84}," [\n",[48,85180,85181,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85205,85207,85209,85211],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85182,85183],{"class":84},"    {",[48,85185,94],{"class":62},[48,85187,7377],{"class":66},[48,85189,94],{"class":62},[48,85191,503],{"class":84},[48,85193,63],{"class":62},[48,85195,12594],{"class":66},[48,85197,94],{"class":62},[48,85199,365],{"class":84},[48,85201,63],{"class":62},[48,85203,85204],{"class":66},"score",[48,85206,94],{"class":62},[48,85208,503],{"class":84},[48,85210,13221],{"class":488},[48,85212,85213],{"class":84},"},\n",[48,85215,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,85217,85183],{"class":84},[48,85219,94],{"class":62},[48,85221,7377],{"class":66},[48,85223,94],{"class":62},[48,85225,503],{"class":84},[48,85227,63],{"class":62},[48,85229,35652],{"class":66},[48,85231,94],{"class":62},[48,85233,365],{"class":84},[48,85235,63],{"class":62},[48,85237,85204],{"class":66},[48,85239,94],{"class":62},[48,85241,503],{"class":84},[48,85243,84805],{"class":488},[48,85245,85213],{"class":84},[48,85247,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,85249,85183],{"class":84},[48,85251,94],{"class":62},[48,85253,7377],{"class":66},[48,85255,94],{"class":62},[48,85257,503],{"class":84},[48,85259,63],{"class":62},[48,85261,35661],{"class":66},[48,85263,94],{"class":62},[48,85265,365],{"class":84},[48,85267,63],{"class":62},[48,85269,85204],{"class":66},[48,85271,94],{"class":62},[48,85273,503],{"class":84},[48,85275,19616],{"class":488},[48,85277,9021],{"class":84},[48,85279,85280],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,85281,3339],{"class":84},[48,85283,85284],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,85285,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,85287,85288,85291,85293,85296,85298,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,85289,85290],{"class":54},"lowest ",[48,85292,59],{"class":58},[48,85294,85295],{"class":108}," min",[48,85297,91],{"class":84},[48,85299,85300],{"class":87},"students",[48,85302,365],{"class":84},[48,85304,21295],{"class":8887},[48,85306,59],{"class":58},[48,85308,37370],{"class":1767},[48,85310,12620],{"class":37373},[48,85312,503],{"class":84},[48,85314,12620],{"class":87},[48,85316,3605],{"class":84},[48,85318,94],{"class":62},[48,85320,85204],{"class":66},[48,85322,94],{"class":62},[48,85324,3593],{"class":84},[48,85326,85327,85329,85331,85334],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,85328,109],{"class":108},[48,85330,91],{"class":84},[48,85332,85333],{"class":87},"lowest",[48,85335,102],{"class":84},[20,85337,1037],{},[39,85339,85341],{"className":41,"code":85340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85342,85343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85344,85345,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85346,8990],{"class":84},[48,85348,3001],{"class":62},[48,85350,7377],{"class":66},[48,85352,3001],{"class":62},[48,85354,503],{"class":84},[48,85356,2996],{"class":62},[48,85358,35652],{"class":66},[48,85360,3001],{"class":62},[48,85362,365],{"class":84},[48,85364,2996],{"class":62},[48,85366,85204],{"class":66},[48,85368,3001],{"class":62},[48,85370,503],{"class":84},[48,85372,84805],{"class":488},[48,85374,9021],{"class":84},[20,85376,85377,85378,85381],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85379,85380],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[34,85383,758,85385,85387],{"id":85384},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85386,82620],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85389,85390],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[39,85392,85394],{"className":41,"code":85393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85395,85396,85404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85397,85398,85400,85402],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85399,3321],{"class":54},[48,85401,59],{"class":58},[48,85403,7549],{"class":84},[48,85405,85406,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85407,109],{"class":108},[48,85409,91],{"class":84},[48,85411,84344],{"class":108},[48,85413,91],{"class":84},[48,85415,3353],{"class":87},[48,85417,1034],{"class":84},[20,85419,1037],{},[39,85421,85423],{"className":41,"code":85422,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85424,85425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85426,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85428,31],{"class":1047},[48,85430,503],{"class":84},[48,85432,85295],{"class":108},[48,85434,7074],{"class":84},[48,85436,83590],{"class":54},[48,85438,11907],{"class":58},[48,85440,83595],{"class":54},[20,85442,85443,85444,503],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85445,82620],{},[39,85447,85449],{"className":41,"code":85448,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85450,85451,85459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85452,85453,85455,85457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85454,3321],{"class":54},[48,85456,59],{"class":58},[48,85458,7549],{"class":84},[48,85460,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85462,109],{"class":108},[48,85464,91],{"class":84},[48,85466,84344],{"class":108},[48,85468,91],{"class":84},[48,85470,3353],{"class":87},[48,85472,365],{"class":84},[48,85474,26239],{"class":8887},[48,85476,59],{"class":58},[48,85478,3483],{"class":3556},[48,85480,1034],{"class":84},[20,85482,1037],{},[39,85484,85485],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85486,85487],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85488,85489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85490,11521],{"class":3556},[20,85492,85493],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85495,85496],{},"Remember:",[162,85498,85499,85507],{},[165,85500,85501,85503,85504,85506],{},[15,85502,82620],{}," works only when ",[15,85505,83919],{}," gets one iterable argument",[165,85508,85509,85510],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85511,85512],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85514,85515,85516,32],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[224,85517,65527],{"href":72564},[34,85519,10456],{"id":10455},[20,85521,56475,85522,32],{},[15,85523,83919],{},[1200,85525,85527,85528],{"id":85526},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85529,82620],{},[20,85531,2700,85532,503],{},[15,85533,31],{},[39,85535,85537],{"className":41,"code":85536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85538,85539,85547],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85540,85541,85543,85545],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85542,7489],{"class":54},[48,85544,59],{"class":58},[48,85546,7549],{"class":84},[48,85548,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85550,109],{"class":108},[48,85552,91],{"class":84},[48,85554,84344],{"class":108},[48,85556,91],{"class":84},[48,85558,7520],{"class":87},[48,85560,1034],{"class":84},[20,85562,85563],{},"Fix it by:",[162,85565,85566,85569],{},[165,85567,85568],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[165,85570,85571,85572],{},"or using ",[15,85573,82620],{},[39,85575,85577],{"className":41,"code":85576,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85578,85579,85587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85580,85581,85583,85585],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85582,7489],{"class":54},[48,85584,59],{"class":58},[48,85586,7549],{"class":84},[48,85588,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85610,85612],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85590,109],{"class":108},[48,85592,91],{"class":84},[48,85594,84344],{"class":108},[48,85596,91],{"class":84},[48,85598,7520],{"class":87},[48,85600,365],{"class":84},[48,85602,26239],{"class":8887},[48,85604,59],{"class":58},[48,85606,94],{"class":62},[48,85608,85609],{"class":66},"no items",[48,85611,94],{"class":62},[48,85613,1034],{"class":84},[1200,85615,85617],{"id":85616},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85619,85620],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[39,85622,85624],{"className":41,"code":85623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85625,85626,85650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85627,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85629,8877],{"class":54},[48,85631,59],{"class":58},[48,85633,3326],{"class":84},[48,85635,2031],{"class":488},[48,85637,365],{"class":84},[48,85639,63],{"class":62},[48,85641,15470],{"class":66},[48,85643,94],{"class":62},[48,85645,365],{"class":84},[48,85647,549],{"class":488},[48,85649,3339],{"class":84},[48,85651,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85653,109],{"class":108},[48,85655,91],{"class":84},[48,85657,84344],{"class":108},[48,85659,91],{"class":84},[48,85661,8916],{"class":87},[48,85663,1034],{"class":84},[20,85665,1037],{},[39,85667,85669],{"className":41,"code":85668,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError\n",[15,85670,85671],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85672,85673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85674,85668],{"class":1047},[20,85676,85677],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85679,85680,85681,32],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85682,83919],{},[39,85684,85686],{"className":41,"code":85685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85687,85688,85712,85738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85689,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85691,8877],{"class":54},[48,85693,59],{"class":58},[48,85695,3326],{"class":84},[48,85697,2031],{"class":488},[48,85699,365],{"class":84},[48,85701,63],{"class":62},[48,85703,15470],{"class":66},[48,85705,94],{"class":62},[48,85707,365],{"class":84},[48,85709,549],{"class":488},[48,85711,3339],{"class":84},[48,85713,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85715,3321],{"class":54},[48,85717,59],{"class":58},[48,85719,3326],{"class":84},[48,85721,1887],{"class":1047},[48,85723,91],{"class":84},[48,85725,1873],{"class":87},[48,85727,3366],{"class":84},[48,85729,3581],{"class":1107},[48,85731,3584],{"class":54},[48,85733,3587],{"class":1107},[48,85735,14281],{"class":54},[48,85737,3339],{"class":84},[48,85739,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,85741,109],{"class":108},[48,85743,91],{"class":84},[48,85745,84344],{"class":108},[48,85747,91],{"class":84},[48,85749,3353],{"class":87},[48,85751,1034],{"class":84},[20,85753,1037],{},[39,85755,85756],{"className":41,"code":2645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85757,85758],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85759,85760],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85761,2645],{"class":488},[20,85763,85764,85765,32],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85766,2703],{},[1200,85768,85770],{"id":85769},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85772,85773],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[39,85775,85777],{"className":41,"code":85776,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85778,85779,85811],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85780,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85782,3776],{"class":54},[48,85784,59],{"class":58},[48,85786,3326],{"class":84},[48,85788,94],{"class":62},[48,85790,79244],{"class":66},[48,85792,94],{"class":62},[48,85794,365],{"class":84},[48,85796,63],{"class":62},[48,85798,57468],{"class":66},[48,85800,94],{"class":62},[48,85802,365],{"class":84},[48,85804,63],{"class":62},[48,85806,79261],{"class":66},[48,85808,94],{"class":62},[48,85810,3339],{"class":84},[48,85812,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85814,109],{"class":108},[48,85816,91],{"class":84},[48,85818,84344],{"class":108},[48,85820,91],{"class":84},[48,85822,3819],{"class":87},[48,85824,1034],{"class":84},[20,85826,1037],{},[39,85828,85829],{"className":41,"code":85040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85830,85831],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85832,85833],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85834,85040],{"class":54},[20,85836,85837],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[39,85839,85841],{"className":41,"code":85840,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85842,85843,85875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85844,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85846,3776],{"class":54},[48,85848,59],{"class":58},[48,85850,3326],{"class":84},[48,85852,94],{"class":62},[48,85854,79244],{"class":66},[48,85856,94],{"class":62},[48,85858,365],{"class":84},[48,85860,63],{"class":62},[48,85862,57468],{"class":66},[48,85864,94],{"class":62},[48,85866,365],{"class":84},[48,85868,63],{"class":62},[48,85870,79261],{"class":66},[48,85872,94],{"class":62},[48,85874,3339],{"class":84},[48,85876,85877,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,85878,109],{"class":108},[48,85880,91],{"class":84},[48,85882,84344],{"class":108},[48,85884,91],{"class":84},[48,85886,3819],{"class":87},[48,85888,365],{"class":84},[48,85890,21295],{"class":8887},[48,85892,59],{"class":58},[48,85894,3144],{"class":1047},[48,85896,32],{"class":84},[48,85898,8350],{"class":24466},[48,85900,1034],{"class":84},[20,85902,1037],{},[39,85904,85905],{"className":41,"code":85040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,85906,85907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85908,85909],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85910,85040],{"class":54},[20,85912,85913],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[34,85915,4667,85917],{"id":85916},"when-to-use-min",[15,85918,83919],{},[20,85920,139,85921,10313],{},[15,85922,83919],{},[162,85924,85925,85928,85933],{},[165,85926,85927],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[165,85929,85930,85931],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85932,14556],{},[165,85934,85935],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85937,139,85938,85942],{},[224,85939,85940],{"href":74207},[15,85941,74110],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85944,139,85945,85950],{},[224,85946,85948],{"href":85947},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85949,82265],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[34,85952,1366],{"id":1365},[20,85954,83924],{},[162,85956,85957,85965,85968,85973,85980],{},[165,85958,85959,85960,85962,85963],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85961,83919],{}," without using ",[15,85964,82620],{},[165,85966,85967],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[165,85969,1379,85970,85972],{},[15,85971,83919],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[165,85974,4409,85975,85977,85978,85081],{},[15,85976,14556],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85979,83919],{},[165,85981,758,85982,85984],{},[15,85983,82620],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85986,85987,85988,85990],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85989,83919],{},", these quick checks can help:",[39,85992,85994],{"className":41,"code":85993,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85995,85996,86010,86020,86034,86048,86070],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,85997,85998,86000,86002,86004,86006,86008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,85999,109],{"class":108},[48,86001,91],{"class":84},[48,86003,2921],{"class":1047},[48,86005,91],{"class":84},[48,86007,8916],{"class":87},[48,86009,1034],{"class":84},[48,86011,86012,86014,86016,86018],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86013,109],{"class":108},[48,86015,91],{"class":84},[48,86017,8916],{"class":87},[48,86019,102],{"class":84},[48,86021,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86023,109],{"class":108},[48,86025,91],{"class":84},[48,86027,10874],{"class":108},[48,86029,91],{"class":84},[48,86031,8916],{"class":87},[48,86033,1034],{"class":84},[48,86035,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,86037,109],{"class":108},[48,86039,91],{"class":84},[48,86041,84344],{"class":108},[48,86043,91],{"class":84},[48,86045,8916],{"class":87},[48,86047,1034],{"class":84},[48,86049,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060,86062,86064,86066,86068],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,86051,109],{"class":108},[48,86053,91],{"class":84},[48,86055,84344],{"class":108},[48,86057,91],{"class":84},[48,86059,8916],{"class":87},[48,86061,365],{"class":84},[48,86063,26239],{"class":8887},[48,86065,59],{"class":58},[48,86067,3483],{"class":3556},[48,86069,1034],{"class":84},[48,86071,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,86073,109],{"class":108},[48,86075,91],{"class":84},[48,86077,84344],{"class":108},[48,86079,91],{"class":84},[48,86081,3819],{"class":87},[48,86083,365],{"class":84},[48,86085,21295],{"class":8887},[48,86087,59],{"class":58},[48,86089,10874],{"class":108},[48,86091,1034],{"class":84},[20,86093,86094,86095,86098,86099,86101],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86096,86097],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86100,8916],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[34,86103,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,86105,4849,86107,4852],{"id":86106},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86108,83919],{},[20,86110,86111],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1200,86113,1579,86115,84100],{"id":86114},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86116,83919],{},[20,86118,86119],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1200,86121,71332],{"id":71331},[20,86123,86124,988,86126,84112,86128,36332],{},[15,86125,83919],{},[15,86127,31],{},[15,86129,82620],{},[1200,86131,4849,86133,86135,86136,1564],{"id":86132},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86134,14556],{}," do in ",[15,86137,83919],{},[20,86139,86140,86142,86143,86145],{},[15,86141,14556],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86144,83173],{}," compares strings by length.",[1200,86147,1559,86149,500,86151,1564],{"id":86148},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86150,83919],{},[15,86152,74110],{},[20,86154,86155,86157,86158,86160],{},[15,86156,83919],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86159,74110],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[34,86162,1599],{"id":1598},[162,86164,86165,86171,86177,86183,86187,86191],{},[165,86166,86167],{},[224,86168,86169,3210],{"href":85947},[15,86170,82265],{},[165,86172,86173],{},[224,86174,86175,3210],{"href":74207},[15,86176,74110],{},[165,86178,86179],{},[224,86180,86181,3210],{"href":42065},[15,86182,42068],{},[165,86184,86185],{},[224,86186,79557],{"href":78060},[165,86188,86189],{},[224,86190,58655],{"href":58654},[165,86192,86193],{},[224,86194,65527],{"href":72564},[1633,86196,86197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":86199},[86200,86201,86203,86209,86211,86213,86218,86220,86226,86228,86229,86240],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":84403,"depth":73,"text":86202},"What min() does",{"id":84424,"depth":73,"text":84425,"children":86204},[86205,86206,86207,86208],{"id":84509,"depth":105,"text":84512},{"id":84571,"depth":105,"text":84574},{"id":84621,"depth":105,"text":84624},{"id":84715,"depth":105,"text":84718},{"id":84777,"depth":73,"text":86210},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84912,"depth":73,"text":86212},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85059,"depth":73,"text":86214,"children":86215},"Using min() with a key function",[86216,86217],{"id":85087,"depth":105,"text":85088},{"id":85162,"depth":105,"text":85163},{"id":85384,"depth":73,"text":86219},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10455,"depth":73,"text":10456,"children":86221},[86222,86224,86225],{"id":85526,"depth":105,"text":86223},"Empty list without default",{"id":85616,"depth":105,"text":85617},{"id":85769,"depth":105,"text":85770},{"id":85916,"depth":73,"text":86227},"When to use min()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":86230},[86231,86233,86235,86236,86238],{"id":86106,"depth":105,"text":86232},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86114,"depth":105,"text":86234},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71331,"depth":105,"text":71332},{"id":86132,"depth":105,"text":86237},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86148,"depth":105,"text":86239},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84286,"description":86241},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86248,"title":86249,"body":86250,"description":88429,"extension":1666,"meta":88430,"navigation":122,"path":88431,"seo":88432,"stem":88433,"__hash__":88434},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86251,"toc":88393},[86252,86255,86261,86267,86269,86350,86359,86363,86368,86370,86415,86417,86497,86503,86505,86508,86540,86542,86560,86562,86635,86637,86656,86660,86663,86699,86701,86768,86842,86915,86920,86924,86930,86933,86950,86953,86955,87016,87018,87038,87044,87048,87051,87121,87124,87143,87148,87224,87227,87231,87237,87241,87246,87316,87320,87325,87399,87403,87406,87481,87492,87496,87501,87591,87596,87664,87667,87686,87697,87701,87704,87709,87712,87774,87777,87788,87793,87796,87799,87804,87807,87810,87814,87817,87823,87826,87837,87839,87901,87916,87922,87925,87928,87939,87950,87956,87959,87961,88023,88033,88039,88044,88050,88054,88060,88063,88084,88086,88091,88118,88121,88148,88151,88190,88193,88231,88234,88295,88298,88300,88304,88307,88311,88317,88325,88333,88337,88340,88344,88350,88352,88390],[10,86253,86249],{"id":86254},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86256,86257,86260],{},[15,86258,86259],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86262,86263,86264,86266],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86265,86259],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[34,86268,37],{"id":36},[39,86270,86272],{"className":41,"code":86271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86273,86274,86323,86339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86275,86276,86279,86282,86284,86286,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86304,86306,86308,86311,86313,86315,86317,86321],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86277,86278],{"class":1107},"with",[48,86280,86281],{"class":108}," open",[48,86283,91],{"class":84},[48,86285,94],{"class":62},[48,86287,86288],{"class":66},"example.txt",[48,86290,94],{"class":62},[48,86292,365],{"class":84},[48,86294,63],{"class":62},[48,86296,60202],{"class":66},[48,86298,94],{"class":62},[48,86300,365],{"class":84},[48,86302,86303],{"class":8887}," encoding",[48,86305,59],{"class":58},[48,86307,94],{"class":62},[48,86309,86310],{"class":66},"utf-8",[48,86312,94],{"class":62},[48,86314,3366],{"class":84},[48,86316,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86318,86320],{"class":86319},"sMMDD"," file",[48,86322,1110],{"class":84},[48,86324,86325,86328,86330,86332,86334,86337],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86326,86327],{"class":54},"    content ",[48,86329,59],{"class":58},[48,86331,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86333,32],{"class":84},[48,86335,86336],{"class":87},"read",[48,86338,8353],{"class":84},[48,86340,86341,86343,86345,86348],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86342,1138],{"class":108},[48,86344,91],{"class":84},[48,86346,86347],{"class":87},"content",[48,86349,102],{"class":84},[20,86351,139,86352,86354,86355,86358],{},[15,86353,86278],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86356,86357],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[34,86360,86362],{"id":86361},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86364,86365,86367],{},[15,86366,86259],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86369,11170],{},[162,86371,86372,86375,86380,86385],{},[165,86373,86374],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[165,86376,40615,86377,86379],{},[565,86378,1055],{}," read or write anything by itself",[165,86381,17139,86382],{},[565,86383,86384],{},"file object",[165,86386,86387,86388],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[162,86389,86390,86395,86400,86405,86410],{},[165,86391,86392],{},[15,86393,86394],{},"read()",[165,86396,86397],{},[15,86398,86399],{},"readline()",[165,86401,86402],{},[15,86403,86404],{},"readlines()",[165,86406,86407],{},[15,86408,86409],{},"write()",[165,86411,86412],{},[15,86413,86414],{},"close()",[20,86416,182],{},[39,86418,86420],{"className":41,"code":86419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86421,86422,86461,86476,86486],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86423,86424,86427,86429,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455,86457,86459],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86425,86426],{"class":86319},"file",[48,86428,12990],{"class":58},[48,86430,86281],{"class":108},[48,86432,91],{"class":84},[48,86434,94],{"class":62},[48,86436,86288],{"class":66},[48,86438,94],{"class":62},[48,86440,365],{"class":84},[48,86442,63],{"class":62},[48,86444,60202],{"class":66},[48,86446,94],{"class":62},[48,86448,365],{"class":84},[48,86450,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86452,59],{"class":58},[48,86454,94],{"class":62},[48,86456,86310],{"class":66},[48,86458,94],{"class":62},[48,86460,102],{"class":84},[48,86462,86463,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86464,86465],{"class":54},"content ",[48,86467,59],{"class":58},[48,86469,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86471,32],{"class":84},[48,86473,86336],{"class":87},[48,86475,8353],{"class":84},[48,86477,86478,86480,86482,86484],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86479,109],{"class":108},[48,86481,91],{"class":84},[48,86483,86347],{"class":87},[48,86485,102],{"class":84},[48,86487,86488,86490,86492,86495],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,86489,86426],{"class":86319},[48,86491,32],{"class":84},[48,86493,86494],{"class":87},"close",[48,86496,8353],{"class":84},[20,86498,86499,86500,86502],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86501,86278],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[34,86504,340],{"id":339},[20,86506,86507],{},"A common form is:",[39,86509,86511],{"className":41,"code":86510,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86512,86513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86514,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86516,42134],{"class":108},[48,86518,91],{"class":84},[48,86520,86426],{"class":86319},[48,86522,365],{"class":84},[48,86524,86525],{"class":87}," mode",[48,86527,365],{"class":84},[48,86529,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86531,59],{"class":58},[48,86533,94],{"class":62},[48,86535,86310],{"class":66},[48,86537,94],{"class":62},[48,86539,102],{"class":84},[20,86541,64736],{},[162,86543,86544,86549,86554],{},[165,86545,86546,86548],{},[15,86547,86426],{}," is the file name or file path",[165,86550,86551,86553],{},[15,86552,20635],{}," controls how the file is opened",[165,86555,86556,86559],{},[15,86557,86558],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86561,182],{},[39,86563,86565],{"className":41,"code":86564,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86566,86567,86610,86625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86568,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86570,86278],{"class":1107},[48,86572,86281],{"class":108},[48,86574,91],{"class":84},[48,86576,94],{"class":62},[48,86578,86579],{"class":66},"notes.txt",[48,86581,94],{"class":62},[48,86583,365],{"class":84},[48,86585,63],{"class":62},[48,86587,60202],{"class":66},[48,86589,94],{"class":62},[48,86591,365],{"class":84},[48,86593,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86595,59],{"class":58},[48,86597,94],{"class":62},[48,86599,86310],{"class":66},[48,86601,94],{"class":62},[48,86603,3366],{"class":84},[48,86605,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86607,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86609,1110],{"class":84},[48,86611,86612,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86613,86614],{"class":54},"    text ",[48,86616,59],{"class":58},[48,86618,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86620,32],{"class":84},[48,86622,86336],{"class":87},[48,86624,8353],{"class":84},[48,86626,86627,86629,86631,86633],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86628,1138],{"class":108},[48,86630,91],{"class":84},[48,86632,213],{"class":87},[48,86634,102],{"class":84},[20,86636,886],{},[162,86638,86639,86645,86650],{},[165,86640,86641,86644],{},[15,86642,86643],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[165,86646,86647,86649],{},[15,86648,86357],{}," means open for reading",[165,86651,86652,86655],{},[15,86653,86654],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[34,86657,86659],{"id":86658},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86661,86662],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[162,86664,86665,86670,86676,86681,86687,86693],{},[165,86666,86667,86669],{},[15,86668,86357],{}," = read a text file",[165,86671,86672,86675],{},[15,86673,86674],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[165,86677,86678,86680],{},[15,86679,268],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[165,86682,86683,86686],{},[15,86684,86685],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[165,86688,86689,86692],{},[15,86690,86691],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[165,86694,86695,86698],{},[15,86696,86697],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86700,1826],{},[39,86702,86704],{"className":41,"code":86703,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86705,86706,86711,86754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86707,86708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86709,86710],{"class":129},"# Read a text file\n",[48,86712,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86714,86278],{"class":1107},[48,86716,86281],{"class":108},[48,86718,91],{"class":84},[48,86720,94],{"class":62},[48,86722,86723],{"class":66},"data.txt",[48,86725,94],{"class":62},[48,86727,365],{"class":84},[48,86729,63],{"class":62},[48,86731,60202],{"class":66},[48,86733,94],{"class":62},[48,86735,365],{"class":84},[48,86737,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86739,59],{"class":58},[48,86741,94],{"class":62},[48,86743,86310],{"class":66},[48,86745,94],{"class":62},[48,86747,3366],{"class":84},[48,86749,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86751,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86753,1110],{"class":84},[48,86755,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86757,1138],{"class":108},[48,86759,91],{"class":84},[48,86761,86426],{"class":86319},[48,86763,32],{"class":84},[48,86765,86336],{"class":87},[48,86767,6902],{"class":84},[39,86769,86771],{"className":41,"code":86770,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86772,86773,86778,86820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86774,86775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86776,86777],{"class":129},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[48,86779,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86781,86278],{"class":1107},[48,86783,86281],{"class":108},[48,86785,91],{"class":84},[48,86787,94],{"class":62},[48,86789,86723],{"class":66},[48,86791,94],{"class":62},[48,86793,365],{"class":84},[48,86795,63],{"class":62},[48,86797,60185],{"class":66},[48,86799,94],{"class":62},[48,86801,365],{"class":84},[48,86803,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86805,59],{"class":58},[48,86807,94],{"class":62},[48,86809,86310],{"class":66},[48,86811,94],{"class":62},[48,86813,3366],{"class":84},[48,86815,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86817,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86819,1110],{"class":84},[48,86821,86822,86825,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86838,86840],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86823,86824],{"class":86319},"    file",[48,86826,32],{"class":84},[48,86828,69881],{"class":87},[48,86830,91],{"class":84},[48,86832,94],{"class":62},[48,86834,299],{"class":66},[48,86836,86837],{"class":34166},"\\n",[48,86839,94],{"class":62},[48,86841,102],{"class":84},[39,86843,86845],{"className":41,"code":86844,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86846,86847,86852,86894],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86848,86849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86850,86851],{"class":129},"# Append to a text file\n",[48,86853,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,86855,86278],{"class":1107},[48,86857,86281],{"class":108},[48,86859,91],{"class":84},[48,86861,94],{"class":62},[48,86863,86723],{"class":66},[48,86865,94],{"class":62},[48,86867,365],{"class":84},[48,86869,63],{"class":62},[48,86871,224],{"class":66},[48,86873,94],{"class":62},[48,86875,365],{"class":84},[48,86877,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86879,59],{"class":58},[48,86881,94],{"class":62},[48,86883,86310],{"class":66},[48,86885,94],{"class":62},[48,86887,3366],{"class":84},[48,86889,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86891,86320],{"class":86319},[48,86893,1110],{"class":84},[48,86895,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906,86909,86911,86913],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,86897,86824],{"class":86319},[48,86899,32],{"class":84},[48,86901,69881],{"class":87},[48,86903,91],{"class":84},[48,86905,94],{"class":62},[48,86907,86908],{"class":66},"Another line",[48,86910,86837],{"class":34166},[48,86912,94],{"class":62},[48,86914,102],{"class":84},[20,86916,69033,86917,86919],{},[15,86918,86674],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[34,86921,86923],{"id":86922},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86925,86926,21691,86928,32],{},[15,86927,86259],{},[565,86929,86384],{},[20,86931,86932],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[162,86934,86935,86940,86945],{},[165,86936,86937],{},[15,86938,86939],{},"file.read()",[165,86941,86942],{},[15,86943,86944],{},"file.write()",[165,86946,86947],{},[15,86948,86949],{},"file.close()",[20,86951,86952],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86954,182],{},[39,86956,86958],{"className":41,"code":86957,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86959,86960,87002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,86961,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,86963,86278],{"class":1107},[48,86965,86281],{"class":108},[48,86967,91],{"class":84},[48,86969,94],{"class":62},[48,86971,86288],{"class":66},[48,86973,94],{"class":62},[48,86975,365],{"class":84},[48,86977,63],{"class":62},[48,86979,60202],{"class":66},[48,86981,94],{"class":62},[48,86983,365],{"class":84},[48,86985,86303],{"class":8887},[48,86987,59],{"class":58},[48,86989,94],{"class":62},[48,86991,86310],{"class":66},[48,86993,94],{"class":62},[48,86995,3366],{"class":84},[48,86997,47064],{"class":1107},[48,86999,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87001,1110],{"class":84},[48,87003,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87005,1138],{"class":108},[48,87007,91],{"class":84},[48,87009,2921],{"class":1047},[48,87011,91],{"class":84},[48,87013,86426],{"class":86319},[48,87015,1034],{"class":84},[20,87017,29742],{},[39,87019,87021],{"className":41,"code":87020,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87022,87023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87024,87025,87027,87029,87031,87034,87036],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87026,2990],{"class":58},[48,87028,2993],{"class":1767},[48,87030,2996],{"class":62},[48,87032,87033],{"class":66},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[48,87035,3001],{"class":62},[48,87037,3004],{"class":58},[20,87039,87040,87041,87043],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87042,86259],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[34,87045,87047],{"id":87046},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87049,87050],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[39,87052,87053],{"className":41,"code":86271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,87054,87055,87097,87111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87056,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87058,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87060,86281],{"class":108},[48,87062,91],{"class":84},[48,87064,94],{"class":62},[48,87066,86288],{"class":66},[48,87068,94],{"class":62},[48,87070,365],{"class":84},[48,87072,63],{"class":62},[48,87074,60202],{"class":66},[48,87076,94],{"class":62},[48,87078,365],{"class":84},[48,87080,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87082,59],{"class":58},[48,87084,94],{"class":62},[48,87086,86310],{"class":66},[48,87088,94],{"class":62},[48,87090,3366],{"class":84},[48,87092,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87094,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87096,1110],{"class":84},[48,87098,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87100,86327],{"class":54},[48,87102,59],{"class":58},[48,87104,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87106,32],{"class":84},[48,87108,86336],{"class":87},[48,87110,8353],{"class":84},[48,87112,87113,87115,87117,87119],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87114,1138],{"class":108},[48,87116,91],{"class":84},[48,87118,86347],{"class":87},[48,87120,102],{"class":84},[20,87122,87123],{},"Why this is recommended:",[162,87125,87126,87131,87137,87140],{},[165,87127,87128,87130],{},[15,87129,86278],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[165,87132,87133,87134,87136],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87135,86414],{}," yourself",[165,87138,87139],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[165,87141,87142],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87144,83436,87145,87147],{},[15,87146,86278],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[39,87149,87150],{"className":41,"code":86419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,87151,87152,87190,87204,87214],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87153,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87155,86426],{"class":86319},[48,87157,12990],{"class":58},[48,87159,86281],{"class":108},[48,87161,91],{"class":84},[48,87163,94],{"class":62},[48,87165,86288],{"class":66},[48,87167,94],{"class":62},[48,87169,365],{"class":84},[48,87171,63],{"class":62},[48,87173,60202],{"class":66},[48,87175,94],{"class":62},[48,87177,365],{"class":84},[48,87179,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87181,59],{"class":58},[48,87183,94],{"class":62},[48,87185,86310],{"class":66},[48,87187,94],{"class":62},[48,87189,102],{"class":84},[48,87191,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87193,86465],{"class":54},[48,87195,59],{"class":58},[48,87197,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87199,32],{"class":84},[48,87201,86336],{"class":87},[48,87203,8353],{"class":84},[48,87205,87206,87208,87210,87212],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87207,109],{"class":108},[48,87209,91],{"class":84},[48,87211,86347],{"class":87},[48,87213,102],{"class":84},[48,87215,87216,87218,87220,87222],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,87217,86426],{"class":86319},[48,87219,32],{"class":84},[48,87221,86494],{"class":87},[48,87223,8353],{"class":84},[20,87225,87226],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[34,87228,87230],{"id":87229},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87232,87233,87234,87236],{},"Use mode ",[15,87235,86357],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1200,87238,87240],{"id":87239},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87242,87243,87245],{},[15,87244,86394],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[39,87247,87248],{"className":41,"code":86271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,87249,87250,87292,87306],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87251,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87253,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87255,86281],{"class":108},[48,87257,91],{"class":84},[48,87259,94],{"class":62},[48,87261,86288],{"class":66},[48,87263,94],{"class":62},[48,87265,365],{"class":84},[48,87267,63],{"class":62},[48,87269,60202],{"class":66},[48,87271,94],{"class":62},[48,87273,365],{"class":84},[48,87275,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87277,59],{"class":58},[48,87279,94],{"class":62},[48,87281,86310],{"class":66},[48,87283,94],{"class":62},[48,87285,3366],{"class":84},[48,87287,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87289,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87291,1110],{"class":84},[48,87293,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87295,86327],{"class":54},[48,87297,59],{"class":58},[48,87299,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87301,32],{"class":84},[48,87303,86336],{"class":87},[48,87305,8353],{"class":84},[48,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87309,1138],{"class":108},[48,87311,91],{"class":84},[48,87313,86347],{"class":87},[48,87315,102],{"class":84},[1200,87317,87319],{"id":87318},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87321,87322,87324],{},[15,87323,86399],{}," reads one line at a time.",[39,87326,87328],{"className":41,"code":87327,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87329,87330,87372,87388],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87331,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87333,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87335,86281],{"class":108},[48,87337,91],{"class":84},[48,87339,94],{"class":62},[48,87341,86288],{"class":66},[48,87343,94],{"class":62},[48,87345,365],{"class":84},[48,87347,63],{"class":62},[48,87349,60202],{"class":66},[48,87351,94],{"class":62},[48,87353,365],{"class":84},[48,87355,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87357,59],{"class":58},[48,87359,94],{"class":62},[48,87361,86310],{"class":66},[48,87363,94],{"class":62},[48,87365,3366],{"class":84},[48,87367,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87369,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87371,1110],{"class":84},[48,87373,87374,87377,87379,87381,87383,87386],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87375,87376],{"class":54},"    first_line ",[48,87378,59],{"class":58},[48,87380,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87382,32],{"class":84},[48,87384,87385],{"class":87},"readline",[48,87387,8353],{"class":84},[48,87389,87390,87392,87394,87397],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87391,1138],{"class":108},[48,87393,91],{"class":84},[48,87395,87396],{"class":87},"first_line",[48,87398,102],{"class":84},[1200,87400,87402],{"id":87401},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87404,87405],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[39,87407,87409],{"className":41,"code":87408,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87410,87411,87453,87467],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87412,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87414,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87416,86281],{"class":108},[48,87418,91],{"class":84},[48,87420,94],{"class":62},[48,87422,86288],{"class":66},[48,87424,94],{"class":62},[48,87426,365],{"class":84},[48,87428,63],{"class":62},[48,87430,60202],{"class":66},[48,87432,94],{"class":62},[48,87434,365],{"class":84},[48,87436,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87438,59],{"class":58},[48,87440,94],{"class":62},[48,87442,86310],{"class":66},[48,87444,94],{"class":62},[48,87446,3366],{"class":84},[48,87448,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87450,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87452,1110],{"class":84},[48,87454,87455,87458,87461,87463,87465],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87456,87457],{"class":1107},"    for",[48,87459,87460],{"class":54}," line ",[48,87462,3587],{"class":1107},[48,87464,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87466,1110],{"class":84},[48,87468,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87470,47044],{"class":108},[48,87472,91],{"class":84},[48,87474,50],{"class":87},[48,87476,32],{"class":84},[48,87478,8344],{"class":87},[48,87480,6902],{"class":84},[20,87482,87483,87484,1358,87488,32],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[224,87485,87487],{"href":87486},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[224,87489,87491],{"href":87490},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[34,87493,87495],{"id":87494},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87497,139,87498,87500],{},[15,87499,86674],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[39,87502,87504],{"className":41,"code":87503,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87505,87506,87549,87570],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87507,87508,87510,87512,87514,87516,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87509,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87511,86281],{"class":108},[48,87513,91],{"class":84},[48,87515,94],{"class":62},[48,87517,87518],{"class":66},"output.txt",[48,87520,94],{"class":62},[48,87522,365],{"class":84},[48,87524,63],{"class":62},[48,87526,60185],{"class":66},[48,87528,94],{"class":62},[48,87530,365],{"class":84},[48,87532,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87534,59],{"class":58},[48,87536,94],{"class":62},[48,87538,86310],{"class":66},[48,87540,94],{"class":62},[48,87542,3366],{"class":84},[48,87544,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87546,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87548,1110],{"class":84},[48,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87564,87566,87568],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87552,86824],{"class":86319},[48,87554,32],{"class":84},[48,87556,69881],{"class":87},[48,87558,91],{"class":84},[48,87560,94],{"class":62},[48,87562,87563],{"class":66},"First line",[48,87565,86837],{"class":34166},[48,87567,94],{"class":62},[48,87569,102],{"class":84},[48,87571,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87585,87587,87589],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,87573,86824],{"class":86319},[48,87575,32],{"class":84},[48,87577,69881],{"class":87},[48,87579,91],{"class":84},[48,87581,94],{"class":62},[48,87583,87584],{"class":66},"Second line",[48,87586,86837],{"class":34166},[48,87588,94],{"class":62},[48,87590,102],{"class":84},[20,87592,139,87593,87595],{},[15,87594,268],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[39,87597,87599],{"className":41,"code":87598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87600,87601,87643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87602,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87604,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87606,86281],{"class":108},[48,87608,91],{"class":84},[48,87610,94],{"class":62},[48,87612,87518],{"class":66},[48,87614,94],{"class":62},[48,87616,365],{"class":84},[48,87618,63],{"class":62},[48,87620,224],{"class":66},[48,87622,94],{"class":62},[48,87624,365],{"class":84},[48,87626,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87628,59],{"class":58},[48,87630,94],{"class":62},[48,87632,86310],{"class":66},[48,87634,94],{"class":62},[48,87636,3366],{"class":84},[48,87638,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87640,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87642,1110],{"class":84},[48,87644,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87658,87660,87662],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87646,86824],{"class":86319},[48,87648,32],{"class":84},[48,87650,69881],{"class":87},[48,87652,91],{"class":84},[48,87654,94],{"class":62},[48,87656,87657],{"class":66},"Third line",[48,87659,86837],{"class":34166},[48,87661,94],{"class":62},[48,87663,102],{"class":84},[20,87665,87666],{},"Important detail:",[162,87668,87669,87674,87681],{},[165,87670,87671,87673],{},[15,87672,86409],{}," writes a string",[165,87675,87676,13768,87678,87680],{},[15,87677,86409],{},[565,87679,1055],{}," add a newline for you",[165,87682,87683,87684,87136],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87685,86837],{},[20,87687,87688,87689,1358,87693,32],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[224,87690,87692],{"href":87691},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[224,87694,87696],{"href":87695},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[34,87698,87700],{"id":87699},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87702,87703],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1200,87705,87707],{"id":87706},"encodingutf-8",[15,87708,86654],{},[20,87710,87711],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[39,87713,87715],{"className":41,"code":87714,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87716,87717,87760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87718,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87720,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87722,86281],{"class":108},[48,87724,91],{"class":84},[48,87726,94],{"class":62},[48,87728,87729],{"class":66},"message.txt",[48,87731,94],{"class":62},[48,87733,365],{"class":84},[48,87735,63],{"class":62},[48,87737,60202],{"class":66},[48,87739,94],{"class":62},[48,87741,365],{"class":84},[48,87743,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87745,59],{"class":58},[48,87747,94],{"class":62},[48,87749,86310],{"class":66},[48,87751,94],{"class":62},[48,87753,3366],{"class":84},[48,87755,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87757,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87759,1110],{"class":84},[48,87761,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87763,1138],{"class":108},[48,87765,91],{"class":84},[48,87767,86426],{"class":86319},[48,87769,32],{"class":84},[48,87771,86336],{"class":87},[48,87773,6902],{"class":84},[20,87775,87776],{},"Why it matters:",[162,87778,87779,87782,87785],{},[165,87780,87781],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[165,87783,87784],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[165,87786,87787],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1200,87789,87791],{"id":87790},"newline",[15,87792,87790],{},[20,87794,87795],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87797,87798],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1200,87800,87802],{"id":87801},"buffering",[15,87803,87801],{},[20,87805,87806],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87808,87809],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[34,87811,87813],{"id":87812},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87815,87816],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1200,87818,87820],{"id":87819},"filenotfounderror",[15,87821,87822],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87824,87825],{},"This happens when:",[162,87827,87828,87831,87834],{},[165,87829,87830],{},"the file does not exist",[165,87832,87833],{},"the path is wrong",[165,87835,87836],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87838,182],{},[39,87840,87842],{"className":41,"code":87841,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87843,87844,87887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87845,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87847,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87849,86281],{"class":108},[48,87851,91],{"class":84},[48,87853,94],{"class":62},[48,87855,87856],{"class":66},"missing.txt",[48,87858,94],{"class":62},[48,87860,365],{"class":84},[48,87862,63],{"class":62},[48,87864,60202],{"class":66},[48,87866,94],{"class":62},[48,87868,365],{"class":84},[48,87870,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87872,59],{"class":58},[48,87874,94],{"class":62},[48,87876,86310],{"class":66},[48,87878,94],{"class":62},[48,87880,3366],{"class":84},[48,87882,47064],{"class":1107},[48,87884,86320],{"class":86319},[48,87886,1110],{"class":84},[48,87888,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,87890,1138],{"class":108},[48,87892,91],{"class":84},[48,87894,86426],{"class":86319},[48,87896,32],{"class":84},[48,87898,86336],{"class":87},[48,87900,6902],{"class":84},[20,87902,87903,87904,500,87912,32],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[224,87905,87907,87908,87911],{"href":87906},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[48,87909,87910],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[224,87913,87915],{"href":87914},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1200,87917,87919],{"id":87918},"permissionerror",[15,87920,87921],{},"PermissionError",[20,87923,87924],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87926,87927],{},"Example causes:",[162,87929,87930,87933,87936],{},[165,87931,87932],{},"the file is protected",[165,87934,87935],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[165,87937,87938],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87940,87941,87942],{},"Related page: ",[224,87943,87945,87946,87949],{"href":87944},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[48,87947,87948],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1200,87951,87953],{"id":87952},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87954,87955],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87957,87958],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87960,182],{},[39,87962,87964],{"className":41,"code":87963,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87965,87966,88009],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,87967,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,87969,86278],{"class":1107},[48,87971,86281],{"class":108},[48,87973,91],{"class":84},[48,87975,94],{"class":62},[48,87977,87978],{"class":66},"my_folder",[48,87980,94],{"class":62},[48,87982,365],{"class":84},[48,87984,63],{"class":62},[48,87986,60202],{"class":66},[48,87988,94],{"class":62},[48,87990,365],{"class":84},[48,87992,86303],{"class":8887},[48,87994,59],{"class":58},[48,87996,94],{"class":62},[48,87998,86310],{"class":66},[48,88000,94],{"class":62},[48,88002,3366],{"class":84},[48,88004,47064],{"class":1107},[48,88006,86320],{"class":86319},[48,88008,1110],{"class":84},[48,88010,88011,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88012,1138],{"class":108},[48,88014,91],{"class":84},[48,88016,86426],{"class":86319},[48,88018,32],{"class":84},[48,88020,86336],{"class":87},[48,88022,6902],{"class":84},[20,88024,87941,88025],{},[224,88026,88028,88029,88032],{"href":88027},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[48,88030,88031],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1200,88034,88036],{"id":88035},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88037,88038],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88040,88041,88042,32],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88043,86259],{},[20,88045,87941,88046],{},[224,88047,88049],{"href":88048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[34,88051,88053],{"id":88052},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88055,88056,88057,88059],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88058,86259],{}," function.",[20,88061,88062],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[162,88064,88065,88068,88071,88077],{},[165,88066,88067],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[165,88069,88070],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[165,88072,88073,88074,88076],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88075,86259],{}," itself",[165,88078,88079,88080],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[224,88081,88083],{"href":88082},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[34,88085,1366],{"id":1365},[20,88087,88088,88089,503],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88090,86259],{},[162,88092,88093,88098,88104,88109,88112,88115],{},[165,88094,758,88095,88097],{},[15,88096,86357],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[165,88099,88100,88101,88103],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88102,86558],{}," for text files",[165,88105,758,88106,88108],{},[15,88107,86674],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[165,88110,88111],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[165,88113,88114],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[165,88116,88117],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88119,88120],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[39,88122,88124],{"className":41,"code":88123,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88125,88126,88133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88127,88128,88130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88129,34802],{"class":1107},[48,88131,88132],{"class":54}," os\n",[48,88134,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88146],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88136,109],{"class":108},[48,88138,91],{"class":84},[48,88140,42333],{"class":87},[48,88142,32],{"class":84},[48,88144,88145],{"class":87},"getcwd",[48,88147,6902],{"class":84},[20,88149,88150],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[39,88152,88154],{"className":41,"code":88153,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88155,88156,88162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88157,88158,88160],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88159,34802],{"class":1107},[48,88161,88132],{"class":54},[48,88163,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88175,88177,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88165,109],{"class":108},[48,88167,91],{"class":84},[48,88169,42333],{"class":87},[48,88171,32],{"class":84},[48,88173,88174],{"class":24466},"path",[48,88176,32],{"class":84},[48,88178,88179],{"class":87},"exists",[48,88181,91],{"class":84},[48,88183,94],{"class":62},[48,88185,86288],{"class":66},[48,88187,94],{"class":62},[48,88189,1034],{"class":84},[20,88191,88192],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[39,88194,88196],{"className":41,"code":88195,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88197,88198,88204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88199,88200,88202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88201,34802],{"class":1107},[48,88203,88132],{"class":54},[48,88205,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216,88218,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88207,109],{"class":108},[48,88209,91],{"class":84},[48,88211,42333],{"class":87},[48,88213,32],{"class":84},[48,88215,88174],{"class":24466},[48,88217,32],{"class":84},[48,88219,88220],{"class":87},"isfile",[48,88222,91],{"class":84},[48,88224,94],{"class":62},[48,88226,86288],{"class":66},[48,88228,94],{"class":62},[48,88230,1034],{"class":84},[20,88232,88233],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[39,88235,88237],{"className":41,"code":88236,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88238,88239,88281],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88240,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88242,86278],{"class":1107},[48,88244,86281],{"class":108},[48,88246,91],{"class":84},[48,88248,94],{"class":62},[48,88250,86288],{"class":66},[48,88252,94],{"class":62},[48,88254,365],{"class":84},[48,88256,63],{"class":62},[48,88258,60202],{"class":66},[48,88260,94],{"class":62},[48,88262,365],{"class":84},[48,88264,86303],{"class":8887},[48,88266,59],{"class":58},[48,88268,94],{"class":62},[48,88270,86310],{"class":66},[48,88272,94],{"class":62},[48,88274,3366],{"class":84},[48,88276,47064],{"class":1107},[48,88278,86320],{"class":86319},[48,88280,1110],{"class":84},[48,88282,88283,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88284,1138],{"class":108},[48,88286,91],{"class":84},[48,88288,86426],{"class":86319},[48,88290,32],{"class":84},[48,88292,86336],{"class":87},[48,88294,6902],{"class":84},[20,88296,88297],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[34,88299,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,88301,88303],{"id":88302},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88305,88306],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1200,88308,88310],{"id":88309},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88312,88313,88314,88316],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88315,86278],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1200,88318,1559,88320,500,88322,88324],{"id":88319},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88321,86674],{},[15,88323,268],{}," mode?",[20,88326,88327,88329,88330,88332],{},[15,88328,86674],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88331,268],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1200,88334,88336],{"id":88335},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88338,88339],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1200,88341,88343],{"id":88342},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88345,88346,88347,88349],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88348,86654],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[34,88351,1599],{"id":1598},[162,88353,88354,88358,88362,88366,88370,88374,88378,88384],{},[165,88355,88356],{},[224,88357,87487],{"href":87486},[165,88359,88360],{},[224,88361,87692],{"href":87691},[165,88363,88364],{},[224,88365,87696],{"href":87695},[165,88367,88368],{},[224,88369,87491],{"href":87490},[165,88371,88372],{},[224,88373,88083],{"href":88082},[165,88375,88376],{},[224,88377,87915],{"href":87914},[165,88379,88380],{},[224,88381,87907,88382,87911],{"href":87906},[48,88383,87910],{},[165,88385,88386],{},[224,88387,87945,88388,87949],{"href":87944},[48,88389,87948],{},[1633,88391,88392],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":88394},[88395,88396,88397,88398,88399,88400,88401,88406,88407,88412,88418,88419,88420,88428],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":86361,"depth":73,"text":86362},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":86658,"depth":73,"text":86659},{"id":86922,"depth":73,"text":86923},{"id":87046,"depth":73,"text":87047},{"id":87229,"depth":73,"text":87230,"children":88402},[88403,88404,88405],{"id":87239,"depth":105,"text":87240},{"id":87318,"depth":105,"text":87319},{"id":87401,"depth":105,"text":87402},{"id":87494,"depth":73,"text":87495},{"id":87699,"depth":73,"text":87700,"children":88408},[88409,88410,88411],{"id":87706,"depth":105,"text":86654},{"id":87790,"depth":105,"text":87790},{"id":87801,"depth":105,"text":87801},{"id":87812,"depth":73,"text":87813,"children":88413},[88414,88415,88416,88417],{"id":87819,"depth":105,"text":87822},{"id":87918,"depth":105,"text":87921},{"id":87952,"depth":105,"text":87955},{"id":88035,"depth":105,"text":88038},{"id":88052,"depth":73,"text":88053},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":88421},[88422,88423,88424,88426,88427],{"id":88302,"depth":105,"text":88303},{"id":88309,"depth":105,"text":88310},{"id":88319,"depth":105,"text":88425},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88335,"depth":105,"text":88336},{"id":88342,"depth":105,"text":88343},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86249,"description":88429},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88436,"title":88437,"body":88438,"description":90433,"extension":1666,"meta":90434,"navigation":122,"path":90435,"seo":90436,"stem":90437,"__hash__":90438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88439,"toc":90380},[88440,88445,88450,88456,88458,88526,88528,88547,88552,88557,88562,88565,88577,88579,88622,88624,88642,88653,88655,88657,88682,88684,88695,88697,88757,88759,88785,88788,88792,88797,88801,88804,88838,88842,88845,88870,88874,88897,88901,88934,88939,88943,88948,88951,89019,89021,89045,89050,89053,89084,89086,89118,89135,89139,89144,89168,89175,89180,89185,89188,89192,89227,89229,89238,89242,89333,89335,89366,89371,89378,89383,89392,89395,89429,89431,89445,89449,89490,89492,89501,89505,89553,89555,89569,89574,89585,89592,89598,89600,89635,89637,89651,89654,89676,89682,89711,89722,89728,89734,89748,89750,89829,89831,89881,89888,89890,89895,89899,89902,89917,89922,89924,89943,89949,89952,89967,89969,89987,89993,89998,90028,90031,90054,90057,90084,90091,90097,90105,90128,90133,90141,90143,90163,90167,90173,90223,90226,90248,90250,90256,90264,90270,90276,90284,90289,90293,90296,90319,90324,90331,90343,90345,90377],[10,88441,3277,88443,3281],{"id":88442},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88444,46158],{},[20,88446,32029,88447,88449],{},[15,88448,46158],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88451,88452,88453,88455],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88454,46158],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[34,88457,37],{"id":36},[39,88459,88461],{"className":41,"code":88460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88462,88463,88475,88484,88488,88498,88508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88464,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88466,7587],{"class":54},[48,88468,59],{"class":58},[48,88470,63],{"class":62},[48,88472,7632],{"class":66},[48,88474,70],{"class":62},[48,88476,88477,88479,88481],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88478,21344],{"class":54},[48,88480,59],{"class":58},[48,88482,88483],{"class":488}," 12\n",[48,88485,88486],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88487,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,88489,88490,88492,88494,88496],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,88491,109],{"class":108},[48,88493,91],{"class":84},[48,88495,7377],{"class":87},[48,88497,102],{"class":84},[48,88499,88500,88502,88504,88506],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,88501,109],{"class":108},[48,88503,91],{"class":84},[48,88505,9011],{"class":87},[48,88507,102],{"class":84},[48,88509,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,88511,109],{"class":108},[48,88513,91],{"class":84},[48,88515,94],{"class":62},[48,88517,299],{"class":66},[48,88519,94],{"class":62},[48,88521,365],{"class":84},[48,88523,35703],{"class":87},[48,88525,102],{"class":84},[20,88527,1037],{},[39,88529,88531],{"className":41,"code":88530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88532,88533,88538,88542],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88534,88535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88536,88537],{"class":54},"Mia\n",[48,88539,88540],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88541,1924],{"class":488},[48,88543,88544],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88545,88546],{"class":54},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88548,139,88549,88551],{},[15,88550,46158],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[34,88553,148,88555,152],{"id":88554},"what-print-does",[15,88556,46158],{},[20,88558,88559,88561],{},[15,88560,46158],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88563,88564],{},"You can use it to display:",[162,88566,88567,88569,88571,88574],{},[165,88568,213],{},[165,88570,3353],{},[165,88572,88573],{},"variables",[165,88575,88576],{},"expressions",[20,88578,182],{},[39,88580,88582],{"className":41,"code":88581,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88583,88584,88598,88608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88585,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88587,109],{"class":108},[48,88589,91],{"class":84},[48,88591,94],{"class":62},[48,88593,299],{"class":66},[48,88595,94],{"class":62},[48,88597,102],{"class":84},[48,88599,88600,88602,88604,88606],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88601,109],{"class":108},[48,88603,91],{"class":84},[48,88605,1837],{"class":488},[48,88607,102],{"class":84},[48,88609,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88611,109],{"class":108},[48,88613,91],{"class":84},[48,88615,280],{"class":488},[48,88617,2155],{"class":58},[48,88619,2152],{"class":488},[48,88621,102],{"class":84},[20,88623,1037],{},[39,88625,88627],{"className":41,"code":88626,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88628,88629,88634,88638],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88630,88631],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88632,88633],{"class":54},"Hello\n",[48,88635,88636],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88637,2645],{"class":488},[48,88639,88640],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88641,2645],{"class":488},[20,88643,88644,88645,88647,88648,88652],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88646,46158],{}," ",[565,88649,3396,88650],{},[15,88651,3483],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[34,88654,340],{"id":339},[20,88656,30436],{},[39,88658,88660],{"className":41,"code":88659,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88661,88662],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88663,88664,88666,88668,88671,88673,88676,88678,88680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88665,109],{"class":108},[48,88667,91],{"class":84},[48,88669,88670],{"class":87},"object1",[48,88672,365],{"class":84},[48,88674,88675],{"class":87}," object2",[48,88677,365],{"class":84},[48,88679,34167],{"class":108},[48,88681,102],{"class":84},[20,88683,79887],{},[162,88685,88686,88689,88692],{},[165,88687,88688],{},"one value",[165,88690,88691],{},"many values",[165,88693,88694],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88696,182],{},[39,88698,88700],{"className":41,"code":88699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88701,88702,88716,88735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88703,88704,88706,88708,88710,88712,88714],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88705,109],{"class":108},[48,88707,91],{"class":84},[48,88709,94],{"class":62},[48,88711,57468],{"class":66},[48,88713,94],{"class":62},[48,88715,102],{"class":84},[48,88717,88718,88720,88722,88724,88727,88729,88731,88733],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88719,109],{"class":108},[48,88721,91],{"class":84},[48,88723,94],{"class":62},[48,88725,88726],{"class":66},"Score:",[48,88728,94],{"class":62},[48,88730,365],{"class":84},[48,88732,5712],{"class":488},[48,88734,102],{"class":84},[48,88736,88737,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88738,109],{"class":108},[48,88740,91],{"class":84},[48,88742,94],{"class":62},[48,88744,45270],{"class":66},[48,88746,94],{"class":62},[48,88748,365],{"class":84},[48,88750,878],{"class":488},[48,88752,2155],{"class":58},[48,88754,37354],{"class":488},[48,88756,102],{"class":84},[20,88758,1037],{},[39,88760,88762],{"className":41,"code":88761,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88763,88764,88768,88777],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88765,88766],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88767,85040],{"class":54},[48,88769,88770,88773,88775],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88771,88772],{"class":54},"Score",[48,88774,503],{"class":84},[48,88776,2286],{"class":488},[48,88778,88779,88781,88783],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88780,45310],{"class":54},[48,88782,503],{"class":84},[48,88784,2286],{"class":488},[20,88786,88787],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[34,88789,88791],{"id":88790},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88793,88794,88795,32],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88796,46158],{},[1200,88798,88800],{"id":88799},"print-text","Print text",[20,88802,88803],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[39,88805,88807],{"className":41,"code":88806,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88808,88809,88823],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88810,88811,88813,88815,88817,88819,88821],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88812,109],{"class":108},[48,88814,91],{"class":84},[48,88816,94],{"class":62},[48,88818,299],{"class":66},[48,88820,94],{"class":62},[48,88822,102],{"class":84},[48,88824,88825,88827,88829,88831,88834,88836],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88826,109],{"class":108},[48,88828,91],{"class":84},[48,88830,94],{"class":62},[48,88832,88833],{"class":66},"Python is fun",[48,88835,94],{"class":62},[48,88837,102],{"class":84},[1200,88839,88841],{"id":88840},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88843,88844],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[39,88846,88848],{"className":41,"code":88847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88849,88850,88860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88851,88852,88854,88856,88858],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88853,109],{"class":108},[48,88855,91],{"class":84},[48,88857,1837],{"class":488},[48,88859,102],{"class":84},[48,88861,88862,88864,88866,88868],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88863,109],{"class":108},[48,88865,91],{"class":84},[48,88867,39853],{"class":488},[48,88869,102],{"class":84},[1200,88871,88873],{"id":88872},"print-variables","Print variables",[39,88875,88877],{"className":41,"code":88876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88878,88879,88887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88880,88881,88883,88885],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88882,4802],{"class":54},[48,88884,59],{"class":58},[48,88886,13845],{"class":488},[48,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88890,109],{"class":108},[48,88892,91],{"class":84},[48,88894,85204],{"class":87},[48,88896,102],{"class":84},[1200,88898,88900],{"id":88899},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[39,88902,88904],{"className":41,"code":88903,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88905,88906,88920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88909,109],{"class":108},[48,88911,91],{"class":84},[48,88913,280],{"class":488},[48,88915,2155],{"class":58},[48,88917,2152],{"class":488},[48,88919,102],{"class":84},[48,88921,88922,88924,88926,88928,88930,88932],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88923,109],{"class":108},[48,88925,91],{"class":84},[48,88927,2031],{"class":488},[48,88929,82516],{"class":58},[48,88931,878],{"class":488},[48,88933,102],{"class":84},[20,88935,88936,88937,32],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[224,88938,50681],{"href":50680},[34,88940,88942],{"id":88941},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88944,88945,88947],{},[15,88946,46158],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88949,88950],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[39,88952,88954],{"className":41,"code":88953,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88955,88956,88969,88977,88981,89000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,88957,88958,88960,88962,88964,88967],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,88959,7587],{"class":54},[48,88961,59],{"class":58},[48,88963,63],{"class":62},[48,88965,88966],{"class":66},"Ava",[48,88968,70],{"class":62},[48,88970,88971,88973,88975],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,88972,21344],{"class":54},[48,88974,59],{"class":58},[48,88976,2286],{"class":488},[48,88978,88979],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,88980,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,88982,88983,88985,88987,88989,88992,88994,88996,88998],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,88984,109],{"class":108},[48,88986,91],{"class":84},[48,88988,94],{"class":62},[48,88990,88991],{"class":66},"Name:",[48,88993,94],{"class":62},[48,88995,365],{"class":84},[48,88997,35703],{"class":87},[48,88999,102],{"class":84},[48,89001,89002,89004,89006,89008,89011,89013,89015,89017],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,89003,109],{"class":108},[48,89005,91],{"class":84},[48,89007,94],{"class":62},[48,89009,89010],{"class":66},"Age:",[48,89012,94],{"class":62},[48,89014,365],{"class":84},[48,89016,8900],{"class":87},[48,89018,102],{"class":84},[20,89020,1037],{},[39,89022,89024],{"className":41,"code":89023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89025,89026,89036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89027,89028,89031,89033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89029,89030],{"class":54},"Name",[48,89032,503],{"class":84},[48,89034,89035],{"class":54}," Ava\n",[48,89037,89038,89041,89043],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89039,89040],{"class":54},"Age",[48,89042,503],{"class":84},[48,89044,2286],{"class":488},[20,89046,89047,89048,32],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89049,1761],{},[20,89051,89052],{},"For example, this works:",[39,89054,89056],{"className":41,"code":89055,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89057,89058,89066],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89059,89060,89062,89064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89061,21344],{"class":54},[48,89063,59],{"class":58},[48,89065,2286],{"class":488},[48,89067,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078,89080,89082],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89069,109],{"class":108},[48,89071,91],{"class":84},[48,89073,94],{"class":62},[48,89075,89010],{"class":66},[48,89077,94],{"class":62},[48,89079,365],{"class":84},[48,89081,8900],{"class":87},[48,89083,102],{"class":84},[20,89085,36637],{},[39,89087,89089],{"className":41,"code":89088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89090,89091,89099],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89092,89093,89095,89097],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89094,21344],{"class":54},[48,89096,59],{"class":58},[48,89098,2286],{"class":488},[48,89100,89101,89103,89105,89107,89110,89112,89114,89116],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89102,109],{"class":108},[48,89104,91],{"class":84},[48,89106,94],{"class":62},[48,89108,89109],{"class":66},"Age: ",[48,89111,94],{"class":62},[48,89113,2155],{"class":58},[48,89115,8900],{"class":87},[48,89117,102],{"class":84},[20,89119,89120,89121,89124,89125,89127,89128,89130,89131,32],{},"That fails because ",[15,89122,89123],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89126,9011],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89129,1761],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[224,89132,89133],{"href":41882},[15,89134,47390],{},[34,89136,89138],{"id":89137},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89140,89141,89143],{},[15,89142,46158],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[162,89145,89146,89152,89157,89162],{},[165,89147,89148,89151],{},[15,89149,89150],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[165,89153,89154,89156],{},[15,89155,396],{}," controls what is added after the output",[165,89158,89159,89161],{},[15,89160,86426],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[165,89163,89164,89167],{},[15,89165,89166],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89169,89170,89171,500,89173,32],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89172,89150],{},[15,89174,396],{},[34,89176,89178,36326],{"id":89177},"sep-argument",[15,89179,89150],{},[20,89181,765,89182,89184],{},[15,89183,89150],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89186,89187],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1200,89189,89191],{"id":89190},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[39,89193,89195],{"className":41,"code":89194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89196,89197],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89198,89199,89201,89203,89205,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89225],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89200,109],{"class":108},[48,89202,91],{"class":84},[48,89204,94],{"class":62},[48,89206,12806],{"class":66},[48,89208,94],{"class":62},[48,89210,365],{"class":84},[48,89212,63],{"class":62},[48,89214,17173],{"class":66},[48,89216,94],{"class":62},[48,89218,365],{"class":84},[48,89220,63],{"class":62},[48,89222,12823],{"class":66},[48,89224,94],{"class":62},[48,89226,102],{"class":84},[20,89228,1037],{},[39,89230,89232],{"className":41,"code":89231,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red green blue\n",[15,89233,89234],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89235,89236],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89237,89231],{"class":54},[1200,89239,89241],{"id":89240},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[39,89243,89245],{"className":41,"code":89244,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89246,89247,89290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89248,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265,89267,89269,89271,89273,89275,89277,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89250,109],{"class":108},[48,89252,91],{"class":84},[48,89254,94],{"class":62},[48,89256,12806],{"class":66},[48,89258,94],{"class":62},[48,89260,365],{"class":84},[48,89262,63],{"class":62},[48,89264,17173],{"class":66},[48,89266,94],{"class":62},[48,89268,365],{"class":84},[48,89270,63],{"class":62},[48,89272,12823],{"class":66},[48,89274,94],{"class":62},[48,89276,365],{"class":84},[48,89278,89279],{"class":8887}," sep",[48,89281,59],{"class":58},[48,89283,94],{"class":62},[48,89285,365],{"class":66},[48,89287,94],{"class":62},[48,89289,102],{"class":84},[48,89291,89292,89294,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318,89320,89322,89324,89326,89329,89331],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89293,109],{"class":108},[48,89295,91],{"class":84},[48,89297,94],{"class":62},[48,89299,12806],{"class":66},[48,89301,94],{"class":62},[48,89303,365],{"class":84},[48,89305,63],{"class":62},[48,89307,17173],{"class":66},[48,89309,94],{"class":62},[48,89311,365],{"class":84},[48,89313,63],{"class":62},[48,89315,12823],{"class":66},[48,89317,94],{"class":62},[48,89319,365],{"class":84},[48,89321,89279],{"class":8887},[48,89323,59],{"class":58},[48,89325,94],{"class":62},[48,89327,89328],{"class":66}," - ",[48,89330,94],{"class":62},[48,89332,102],{"class":84},[20,89334,1037],{},[39,89336,89338],{"className":41,"code":89337,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89339,89340,89352],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89341,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89343,12806],{"class":54},[48,89345,365],{"class":84},[48,89347,17173],{"class":54},[48,89349,365],{"class":84},[48,89351,69667],{"class":54},[48,89353,89354,89357,89359,89362,89364],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89355,89356],{"class":54},"red ",[48,89358,1724],{"class":58},[48,89360,89361],{"class":54}," green ",[48,89363,1724],{"class":58},[48,89365,35592],{"class":54},[20,89367,89368,89370],{},[15,89369,89150],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89372,89373,89374,32],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[224,89375,89377],{"href":89376},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[34,89379,89381,36326],{"id":89380},"end-argument",[15,89382,396],{},[20,89384,89385,89386,89388,89389,89391],{},"By default, ",[15,89387,46158],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89390,46158],{}," starts on a new line.",[1200,89393,89191],{"id":89394},"default-behavior-1",[39,89396,89398],{"className":41,"code":89397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89399,89400,89414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89401,89402,89404,89406,89408,89410,89412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89403,109],{"class":108},[48,89405,91],{"class":84},[48,89407,94],{"class":62},[48,89409,299],{"class":66},[48,89411,94],{"class":62},[48,89413,102],{"class":84},[48,89415,89416,89418,89420,89422,89425,89427],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89417,109],{"class":108},[48,89419,91],{"class":84},[48,89421,94],{"class":62},[48,89423,89424],{"class":66},"World",[48,89426,94],{"class":62},[48,89428,102],{"class":84},[20,89430,1037],{},[39,89432,89434],{"className":41,"code":89433,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89435,89436,89440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89437,89438],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89439,88633],{"class":54},[48,89441,89442],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89443,89444],{"class":54},"World\n",[1200,89446,89448],{"id":89447},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[39,89450,89452],{"className":41,"code":89451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89453,89454,89476],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89455,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89457,109],{"class":108},[48,89459,91],{"class":84},[48,89461,94],{"class":62},[48,89463,299],{"class":66},[48,89465,94],{"class":62},[48,89467,365],{"class":84},[48,89469,373],{"class":8887},[48,89471,59],{"class":58},[48,89473,5980],{"class":62},[48,89475,102],{"class":84},[48,89477,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89479,109],{"class":108},[48,89481,91],{"class":84},[48,89483,94],{"class":62},[48,89485,89424],{"class":66},[48,89487,94],{"class":62},[48,89489,102],{"class":84},[20,89491,1037],{},[39,89493,89495],{"className":41,"code":89494,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89496,89497],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89498,89499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89500,89494],{"class":54},[1200,89502,89504],{"id":89503},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[39,89506,89508],{"className":41,"code":89507,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89509,89510,89539],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89511,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89533,89535,89537],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89513,109],{"class":108},[48,89515,91],{"class":84},[48,89517,94],{"class":62},[48,89519,299],{"class":66},[48,89521,94],{"class":62},[48,89523,365],{"class":84},[48,89525,373],{"class":8887},[48,89527,59],{"class":58},[48,89529,94],{"class":62},[48,89531,89532],{"class":66},"!",[48,89534,86837],{"class":34166},[48,89536,94],{"class":62},[48,89538,102],{"class":84},[48,89540,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89542,109],{"class":108},[48,89544,91],{"class":84},[48,89546,94],{"class":62},[48,89548,89424],{"class":66},[48,89550,94],{"class":62},[48,89552,102],{"class":84},[20,89554,1037],{},[39,89556,89558],{"className":41,"code":89557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89559,89560,89565],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89561,89562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89563,89564],{"class":54},"Hello!\n",[48,89566,89567],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89568,89444],{"class":54},[20,89570,765,89571,89573],{},[15,89572,396],{}," argument is useful for:",[162,89575,89576,89579,89582],{},[165,89577,89578],{},"progress messages",[165,89580,89581],{},"inline output",[165,89583,89584],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[34,89586,89588,1572,89590],{"id":89587},"print-returns-none",[15,89589,46158],{},[15,89591,3483],{},[20,89593,89594,89595,89597],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89596,46158],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89599,182],{},[39,89601,89603],{"className":41,"code":89602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89604,89605,89625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89606,89607,89609,89611,89614,89616,89618,89621,89623],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89608,1929],{"class":54},[48,89610,59],{"class":58},[48,89612,89613],{"class":108}," print",[48,89615,91],{"class":84},[48,89617,94],{"class":62},[48,89619,89620],{"class":66},"Hi",[48,89622,94],{"class":62},[48,89624,102],{"class":84},[48,89626,89627,89629,89631,89633],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89628,109],{"class":108},[48,89630,91],{"class":84},[48,89632,1964],{"class":87},[48,89634,102],{"class":84},[20,89636,1037],{},[39,89638,89640],{"className":41,"code":89639,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89641,89642,89647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89643,89644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89645,89646],{"class":54},"Hi\n",[48,89648,89649],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89650,11521],{"class":3556},[20,89652,89653],{},"Why does this happen?",[162,89655,89656,89664,89669],{},[165,89657,89658,89661,89662],{},[15,89659,89660],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89663,89620],{},[165,89665,89666,89667],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89668,3483],{},[165,89670,89671,89672,11633,89674],{},"so ",[15,89673,1964],{},[15,89675,3483],{},[20,89677,89678,89679,89681],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89680,46158],{}," call.",[39,89683,89685],{"className":41,"code":89684,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89686,89687,89700],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89688,89689,89692,89694,89696,89698],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89690,89691],{"class":54},"message ",[48,89693,59],{"class":58},[48,89695,63],{"class":62},[48,89697,89620],{"class":66},[48,89699,70],{"class":62},[48,89701,89702,89704,89706,89709],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89703,109],{"class":108},[48,89705,91],{"class":84},[48,89707,89708],{"class":87},"message",[48,89710,102],{"class":84},[20,89712,89713,89714,89716,89717,89721],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89715,46158],{}," with functions like ",[224,89718,89719],{"href":7930},[15,89720,2656],{},", which do return a value.",[34,89723,89725,89726],{"id":89724},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89727,46158],{},[20,89729,89730,89731,89733],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89732,46158],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[162,89735,89736,89739,89742,89745],{},[165,89737,89738],{},"to display results to the user",[165,89740,89741],{},"to show messages in a script",[165,89743,89744],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[165,89746,89747],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89749,182],{},[39,89751,89753],{"className":41,"code":89752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89754,89755,89763,89767,89787,89798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89756,89757,89759,89761],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89758,40892],{"class":54},[48,89760,59],{"class":58},[48,89762,38222],{"class":488},[48,89764,89765],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89766,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,89768,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,89770,5665],{"class":1107},[48,89772,6095],{"class":54},[48,89774,3587],{"class":1107},[48,89776,53769],{"class":108},[48,89778,91],{"class":84},[48,89780,272],{"class":488},[48,89782,365],{"class":84},[48,89784,878],{"class":488},[48,89786,8053],{"class":84},[48,89788,89789,89792,89795],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,89790,89791],{"class":54},"    total ",[48,89793,89794],{"class":58},"+=",[48,89796,89797],{"class":54}," number\n",[48,89799,89800,89802,89804,89806,89809,89811,89813,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825,89827],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,89801,1138],{"class":108},[48,89803,91],{"class":84},[48,89805,94],{"class":62},[48,89807,89808],{"class":66},"Current number:",[48,89810,94],{"class":62},[48,89812,365],{"class":84},[48,89814,1896],{"class":87},[48,89816,365],{"class":84},[48,89818,63],{"class":62},[48,89820,45270],{"class":66},[48,89822,94],{"class":62},[48,89824,365],{"class":84},[48,89826,45277],{"class":87},[48,89828,102],{"class":84},[20,89830,1037],{},[39,89832,89834],{"className":41,"code":89833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89835,89836,89852,89866],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89837,89838,89841,89843,89845,89848,89850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89839,89840],{"class":54},"Current number",[48,89842,503],{"class":84},[48,89844,5204],{"class":488},[48,89846,89847],{"class":54}," Total",[48,89849,503],{"class":84},[48,89851,29330],{"class":488},[48,89853,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,89855,89840],{"class":54},[48,89857,503],{"class":84},[48,89859,489],{"class":488},[48,89861,89847],{"class":54},[48,89863,503],{"class":84},[48,89865,2276],{"class":488},[48,89867,89868,89870,89872,89874,89876,89878],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,89869,89840],{"class":54},[48,89871,503],{"class":84},[48,89873,2152],{"class":488},[48,89875,89847],{"class":54},[48,89877,503],{"class":84},[48,89879,89880],{"class":488}," 6\n",[20,89882,89883,89884,32],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[224,89885,89887],{"href":89886},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[34,89889,1366],{"id":1365},[20,89891,89892,89893,32],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89894,46158],{},[1200,89896,89898],{"id":89897},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89900,89901],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[39,89903,89905],{"className":41,"code":89904,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89906,89907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89908,89909,89911,89913,89915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89910,109],{"class":108},[48,89912,91],{"class":84},[48,89914,299],{"class":87},[48,89916,102],{"class":84},[20,89918,8586,89919,89921],{},[15,89920,299],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89923,10519],{},[39,89925,89927],{"className":41,"code":89926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89928,89929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89930,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89932,109],{"class":108},[48,89934,91],{"class":84},[48,89936,94],{"class":62},[48,89938,299],{"class":66},[48,89940,94],{"class":62},[48,89942,102],{"class":84},[1200,89944,758,89946,89948],{"id":89945},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89947,109],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89950,89951],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[39,89953,89955],{"className":41,"code":89954,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89956,89957],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89958,89959,89961,89963,89965],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89960,109],{"class":108},[48,89962,63],{"class":62},[48,89964,299],{"class":66},[48,89966,70],{"class":62},[20,89968,10519],{},[39,89970,89971],{"className":41,"code":89926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,89972,89973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,89974,89975,89977,89979,89981,89983,89985],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,89976,109],{"class":108},[48,89978,91],{"class":84},[48,89980,94],{"class":62},[48,89982,299],{"class":66},[48,89984,94],{"class":62},[48,89986,102],{"class":84},[1200,89988,89990,89991],{"id":89989},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89992,1761],{},[20,89994,89995,89996,32],{},"This causes a ",[15,89997,2703],{},[39,89999,90000],{"className":41,"code":89088,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90001,90002,90010],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90003,90004,90006,90008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90005,21344],{"class":54},[48,90007,59],{"class":58},[48,90009,2286],{"class":488},[48,90011,90012,90014,90016,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90013,109],{"class":108},[48,90015,91],{"class":84},[48,90017,94],{"class":62},[48,90019,89109],{"class":66},[48,90021,94],{"class":62},[48,90023,2155],{"class":58},[48,90025,8900],{"class":87},[48,90027,102],{"class":84},[20,90029,90030],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[39,90032,90034],{"className":41,"code":90033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90035,90036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90037,90038,90040,90042,90044,90046,90048,90050,90052],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90039,109],{"class":108},[48,90041,91],{"class":84},[48,90043,94],{"class":62},[48,90045,89010],{"class":66},[48,90047,94],{"class":62},[48,90049,365],{"class":84},[48,90051,8900],{"class":87},[48,90053,102],{"class":84},[20,90055,90056],{},"Or convert the number first:",[39,90058,90060],{"className":41,"code":90059,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90061,90062],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90063,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90065,109],{"class":108},[48,90067,91],{"class":84},[48,90069,94],{"class":62},[48,90071,89109],{"class":66},[48,90073,94],{"class":62},[48,90075,2155],{"class":58},[48,90077,48611],{"class":1047},[48,90079,91],{"class":84},[48,90081,9011],{"class":87},[48,90083,1034],{"class":84},[20,90085,90086,90087,32],{},"If you see this error, read ",[224,90088,90090],{"href":90089},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1200,90092,1379,90094,90096],{"id":90093},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90095,46158],{}," to return a value",[20,90098,90099,90100,35041,90103,503],{},"This does not store ",[15,90101,90102],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90104,1964],{},[39,90106,90108],{"className":41,"code":90107,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90109,90110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90111,90112,90114,90116,90118,90120,90122,90124,90126],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90113,1929],{"class":54},[48,90115,59],{"class":58},[48,90117,89613],{"class":108},[48,90119,91],{"class":84},[48,90121,94],{"class":62},[48,90123,299],{"class":66},[48,90125,94],{"class":62},[48,90127,102],{"class":84},[20,90129,90130,90131,32],{},"It stores ",[15,90132,3483],{},[1200,90134,90136,90137,500,90139],{"id":90135},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90138,89150],{},[15,90140,396],{},[20,90142,85496],{},[162,90144,90145,90154],{},[165,90146,90147,90149,90150,90153],{},[15,90148,89150],{}," changes what goes ",[565,90151,90152],{},"between"," multiple values",[165,90155,90156,90158,90159,90162],{},[15,90157,396],{}," changes what appears ",[565,90160,90161],{},"after"," the output",[34,90164,90166],{"id":90165},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90168,90169,90170,90172],{},"These simple ",[15,90171,46158],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[39,90174,90176],{"className":41,"code":90175,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90177,90178,90198,90213],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90179,90180,90182,90184,90186,90189,90191,90193,90196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90181,109],{"class":108},[48,90183,91],{"class":84},[48,90185,94],{"class":62},[48,90187,90188],{"class":66},"Debug:",[48,90190,94],{"class":62},[48,90192,365],{"class":84},[48,90194,90195],{"class":87}," variable_name",[48,90197,102],{"class":84},[48,90199,90200,90202,90204,90206,90208,90211],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90201,109],{"class":108},[48,90203,91],{"class":84},[48,90205,2921],{"class":1047},[48,90207,91],{"class":84},[48,90209,90210],{"class":87},"variable_name",[48,90212,1034],{"class":84},[48,90214,90215,90217,90219,90221],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,90216,31864],{"class":108},[48,90218,91],{"class":84},[48,90220,109],{"class":108},[48,90222,102],{"class":84},[20,90224,90225],{},"What they do:",[162,90227,90228,90234,90240],{},[165,90229,90230,90233],{},[15,90231,90232],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[165,90235,90236,90239],{},[15,90237,90238],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[165,90241,90242,90245,90246],{},[15,90243,90244],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90247,46158],{},[34,90249,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,90251,12418,90253,90255],{"id":90252},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90254,46158],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90257,90258,90259,90261,90262,36332],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90260,46158],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90263,396],{},[1200,90265,1579,90267,90269],{"id":90266},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90268,46158],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90271,90272,90273,90275],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90274,46158],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1200,90277,4865,90279,4868,90282,1564],{"id":90278},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90280,90281],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90283,3483],{},[20,90285,28776,90286,90288],{},[15,90287,46158],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1200,90290,90292],{"id":90291},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90294,90295],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[39,90297,90299],{"className":41,"code":90298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90300,90301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90302,90303,90305,90307,90309,90311,90313,90315,90317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90304,109],{"class":108},[48,90306,91],{"class":84},[48,90308,94],{"class":62},[48,90310,89010],{"class":66},[48,90312,94],{"class":62},[48,90314,365],{"class":84},[48,90316,5712],{"class":488},[48,90318,102],{"class":84},[20,90320,90321,90322,39639],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90323,47390],{},[1200,90325,1559,90327,500,90329,1564],{"id":90326},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90328,89150],{},[15,90330,396],{},[162,90332,90333,90338],{},[165,90334,90335,90337],{},[15,90336,89150],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[165,90339,90340,90342],{},[15,90341,396],{}," changes what appears after the output",[34,90344,1599],{"id":1598},[162,90346,90347,90351,90357,90363,90368,90373],{},[165,90348,90349],{},[224,90350,50681],{"href":50680},[165,90352,90353],{},[224,90354,3277,90355,3210],{"href":7930},[15,90356,2656],{},[165,90358,90359],{},[224,90360,3277,90361,3210],{"href":41882},[15,90362,47390],{},[165,90364,90365],{},[224,90366,90367],{"href":89376},"How to format strings in Python",[165,90369,90370],{},[224,90371,90372],{"href":89886},"How to debug Python code",[165,90374,90375],{},[224,90376,90090],{"href":90089},[1633,90378,90379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":90381},[90382,90383,90385,90386,90392,90393,90394,90399,90405,90407,90409,90420,90421,90432],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":88554,"depth":73,"text":90384},"What print() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":88790,"depth":73,"text":88791,"children":90387},[90388,90389,90390,90391],{"id":88799,"depth":105,"text":88800},{"id":88840,"depth":105,"text":88841},{"id":88872,"depth":105,"text":88873},{"id":88899,"depth":105,"text":88900},{"id":88941,"depth":73,"text":88942},{"id":89137,"depth":73,"text":89138},{"id":89177,"depth":73,"text":90395,"children":90396},"sep argument",[90397,90398],{"id":89190,"depth":105,"text":89191},{"id":89240,"depth":105,"text":89241},{"id":89380,"depth":73,"text":90400,"children":90401},"end argument",[90402,90403,90404],{"id":89394,"depth":105,"text":89191},{"id":89447,"depth":105,"text":89448},{"id":89503,"depth":105,"text":89504},{"id":89587,"depth":73,"text":90406},"print() returns None",{"id":89724,"depth":73,"text":90408},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":90410},[90411,90412,90414,90416,90418],{"id":89897,"depth":105,"text":89898},{"id":89945,"depth":105,"text":90413},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89989,"depth":105,"text":90415},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90093,"depth":105,"text":90417},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90135,"depth":105,"text":90419},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90165,"depth":73,"text":90166},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":90422},[90423,90425,90427,90429,90430],{"id":90252,"depth":105,"text":90424},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90266,"depth":105,"text":90426},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90278,"depth":105,"text":90428},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90291,"depth":105,"text":90292},{"id":90326,"depth":105,"text":90431},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88437,"description":90433},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90440,"title":90441,"body":90442,"description":92745,"extension":1666,"meta":92746,"navigation":122,"path":92747,"seo":92748,"stem":92749,"__hash__":92750},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90443,"toc":92691},[90444,90449,90454,90467,90469,90533,90544,90549,90554,90556,90579,90582,90613,90615,90632,90637,90643,90648,90697,90700,90717,90723,90728,90751,90753,90781,90787,90795,90822,90824,90849,90855,90858,90889,90891,90920,90924,90927,90932,90954,90956,90984,90990,90996,91022,91024,91048,91054,91060,91090,91092,91120,91130,91134,91140,91173,91175,91204,91207,91210,91243,91245,91253,91259,91261,91284,91289,91298,91303,91317,91319,91359,91361,91391,91395,91430,91436,91440,91484,91486,91516,91522,91525,91604,91606,91628,91636,91639,91702,91710,91785,91791,91798,91803,91808,91831,91833,91854,91856,91869,91871,91918,91920,91959,91968,91970,91974,91978,91981,92008,92011,92040,92043,92067,92070,92078,92084,92106,92108,92136,92140,92145,92200,92205,92207,92264,92271,92280,92283,92315,92317,92325,92328,92334,92336,92359,92362,92368,92371,92390,92392,92411,92414,92436,92438,92466,92470,92474,92579,92581,92594,92596,92602,92605,92613,92618,92624,92630,92635,92643,92649,92656,92658,92688],[10,90445,3277,90447,3281],{"id":90446},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90448,35908],{},[20,90450,32029,90451,90453],{},[15,90452,35908],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90455,90456,90457,90459,90460,90462,90463,90466],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90458,5665],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90461,35908],{}," stops ",[565,90464,90465],{},"before"," the end value.",[34,90468,37],{"id":36},[39,90470,90472],{"className":41,"code":90471,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90473,90474,90490,90500,90504,90508,90513,90518,90523,90528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90475,90476,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90477,5665],{"class":1107},[48,90479,69234],{"class":54},[48,90481,3587],{"class":1107},[48,90483,53769],{"class":108},[48,90485,91],{"class":84},[48,90487,1837],{"class":488},[48,90489,8053],{"class":84},[48,90491,90492,90494,90496,90498],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90493,1138],{"class":108},[48,90495,91],{"class":84},[48,90497,35864],{"class":87},[48,90499,102],{"class":84},[48,90501,90502],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,90503,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,90505,90506],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,90507,130],{"class":129},[48,90509,90510],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,90511,90512],{"class":129},"# 0\n",[48,90514,90515],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,90516,90517],{"class":129},"# 1\n",[48,90519,90520],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,90521,90522],{"class":129},"# 2\n",[48,90524,90525],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,90526,90527],{"class":129},"# 3\n",[48,90529,90530],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,90531,90532],{"class":129},"# 4\n",[20,90534,90535,90538,90539,90541,90542,32],{},[15,90536,90537],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90540,578],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90543,1837],{},[34,90545,148,90547,152],{"id":90546},"what-range-does",[15,90548,35908],{},[20,90550,90551,90553],{},[15,90552,35908],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90555,160],{},[162,90557,90558,90563,90569,90574],{},[165,90559,90560,90562],{},[15,90561,35908],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[165,90564,90565,90566,90568],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90567,5665],{}," loops",[165,90570,90571,90572],{},"The stop value is ",[565,90573,64760],{},[165,90575,17139,90576,90578],{},[15,90577,59697],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90580,90581],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[39,90583,90585],{"className":41,"code":90584,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90586,90587,90603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90588,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90590,5665],{"class":1107},[48,90592,6095],{"class":54},[48,90594,3587],{"class":1107},[48,90596,53769],{"class":108},[48,90598,91],{"class":84},[48,90600,1764],{"class":488},[48,90602,8053],{"class":84},[48,90604,90605,90607,90609,90611],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90606,1138],{"class":108},[48,90608,91],{"class":84},[48,90610,1939],{"class":87},[48,90612,102],{"class":84},[20,90614,1037],{},[39,90616,90618],{"className":41,"code":90617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90619,90620,90624,90628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90621,90622],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90623,46958],{"class":488},[48,90625,90626],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90627,46623],{"class":488},[48,90629,90630],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,90631,16773],{"class":488},[20,90633,90634,90635,32],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[224,90636,35740],{"href":35739},[34,90638,90640,90642],{"id":90639},"range-syntax",[15,90641,35908],{}," syntax",[20,90644,90645,90647],{},[15,90646,35908],{}," has three common forms:",[39,90649,90651],{"className":41,"code":90650,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90652,90653,90663,90678],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90654,90655,90657,90659,90661],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90656,59697],{"class":108},[48,90658,91],{"class":84},[48,90660,75112],{"class":87},[48,90662,102],{"class":84},[48,90664,90665,90667,90669,90671,90673,90676],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,90666,59697],{"class":108},[48,90668,91],{"class":84},[48,90670,390],{"class":87},[48,90672,365],{"class":84},[48,90674,90675],{"class":87}," stop",[48,90677,102],{"class":84},[48,90679,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90695],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,90681,59697],{"class":108},[48,90683,91],{"class":84},[48,90685,390],{"class":87},[48,90687,365],{"class":84},[48,90689,90675],{"class":87},[48,90691,365],{"class":84},[48,90693,90694],{"class":87}," step",[48,90696,102],{"class":84},[20,90698,90699],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[162,90701,90702,90707,90712],{},[165,90703,90704,90706],{},[15,90705,390],{}," = first number",[165,90708,90709,90711],{},[15,90710,75112],{}," = end limit, not included",[165,90713,90714,90716],{},[15,90715,75115],{}," = amount to move each time",[1200,90718,90720],{"id":90719},"rangestop",[15,90721,90722],{},"range(stop)",[20,90724,90725,90726,32],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90727,578],{},[39,90729,90731],{"className":41,"code":90730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90732,90733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90734,90735,90737,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90736,109],{"class":108},[48,90738,91],{"class":84},[48,90740,7804],{"class":1047},[48,90742,91],{"class":84},[48,90744,59697],{"class":108},[48,90746,91],{"class":84},[48,90748,1837],{"class":488},[48,90750,2610],{"class":84},[20,90752,1037],{},[39,90754,90755],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90756,90757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90758,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90760,3605],{"class":84},[48,90762,578],{"class":488},[48,90764,365],{"class":84},[48,90766,5204],{"class":488},[48,90768,365],{"class":84},[48,90770,489],{"class":488},[48,90772,365],{"class":84},[48,90774,2152],{"class":488},[48,90776,365],{"class":84},[48,90778,878],{"class":488},[48,90780,3339],{"class":84},[1200,90782,90784],{"id":90783},"rangestart-stop",[15,90785,90786],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90788,90789,90790,90792,90793,32],{},"This starts at ",[15,90791,390],{}," and stops before ",[15,90794,75112],{},[39,90796,90798],{"className":41,"code":90797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90799,90800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90801,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90818,90820],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90803,109],{"class":108},[48,90805,91],{"class":84},[48,90807,7804],{"class":1047},[48,90809,91],{"class":84},[48,90811,59697],{"class":108},[48,90813,91],{"class":84},[48,90815,280],{"class":488},[48,90817,365],{"class":84},[48,90819,37354],{"class":488},[48,90821,2610],{"class":84},[20,90823,1037],{},[39,90825,90827],{"className":41,"code":90826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90828,90829],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90830,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90832,3605],{"class":84},[48,90834,280],{"class":488},[48,90836,365],{"class":84},[48,90838,2152],{"class":488},[48,90840,365],{"class":84},[48,90842,878],{"class":488},[48,90844,365],{"class":84},[48,90846,549],{"class":488},[48,90848,3339],{"class":84},[1200,90850,90852],{"id":90851},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90853,90854],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90856,90857],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[39,90859,90861],{"className":41,"code":90860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90862,90863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90864,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90866,109],{"class":108},[48,90868,91],{"class":84},[48,90870,7804],{"class":1047},[48,90872,91],{"class":84},[48,90874,59697],{"class":108},[48,90876,91],{"class":84},[48,90878,272],{"class":488},[48,90880,365],{"class":84},[48,90882,5712],{"class":488},[48,90884,365],{"class":84},[48,90886,489],{"class":488},[48,90888,2610],{"class":84},[20,90890,1037],{},[39,90892,90894],{"className":41,"code":90893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90895,90896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90897,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90899,3605],{"class":84},[48,90901,272],{"class":488},[48,90903,365],{"class":84},[48,90905,2152],{"class":488},[48,90907,365],{"class":84},[48,90909,549],{"class":488},[48,90911,365],{"class":84},[48,90913,5701],{"class":488},[48,90915,365],{"class":84},[48,90917,53835],{"class":488},[48,90919,3339],{"class":84},[34,90921,90923],{"id":90922},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90925,90926],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1200,90928,90930],{"id":90929},"range5",[15,90931,90537],{},[39,90933,90934],{"className":41,"code":90730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90935,90936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90937,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90939,109],{"class":108},[48,90941,91],{"class":84},[48,90943,7804],{"class":1047},[48,90945,91],{"class":84},[48,90947,59697],{"class":108},[48,90949,91],{"class":84},[48,90951,1837],{"class":488},[48,90953,2610],{"class":84},[20,90955,1037],{},[39,90957,90958],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90959,90960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,90961,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,90963,3605],{"class":84},[48,90965,578],{"class":488},[48,90967,365],{"class":84},[48,90969,5204],{"class":488},[48,90971,365],{"class":84},[48,90973,489],{"class":488},[48,90975,365],{"class":84},[48,90977,2152],{"class":488},[48,90979,365],{"class":84},[48,90981,878],{"class":488},[48,90983,3339],{"class":84},[20,90985,90789,90986,90792,90988,32],{},[15,90987,578],{},[15,90989,1837],{},[1200,90991,90993],{"id":90992},"range2-6",[15,90994,90995],{},"range(2, 6)",[39,90997,90998],{"className":41,"code":90797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,90999,91000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91001,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91003,109],{"class":108},[48,91005,91],{"class":84},[48,91007,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91009,91],{"class":84},[48,91011,59697],{"class":108},[48,91013,91],{"class":84},[48,91015,280],{"class":488},[48,91017,365],{"class":84},[48,91019,37354],{"class":488},[48,91021,2610],{"class":84},[20,91023,1037],{},[39,91025,91026],{"className":41,"code":90826,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91027,91028],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91029,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91031,3605],{"class":84},[48,91033,280],{"class":488},[48,91035,365],{"class":84},[48,91037,2152],{"class":488},[48,91039,365],{"class":84},[48,91041,878],{"class":488},[48,91043,365],{"class":84},[48,91045,549],{"class":488},[48,91047,3339],{"class":84},[20,91049,90789,91050,90792,91052,32],{},[15,91051,280],{},[15,91053,80278],{},[1200,91055,91057],{"id":91056},"range1-10-2",[15,91058,91059],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[39,91061,91062],{"className":41,"code":90860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91063,91064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91065,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91067,109],{"class":108},[48,91069,91],{"class":84},[48,91071,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91073,91],{"class":84},[48,91075,59697],{"class":108},[48,91077,91],{"class":84},[48,91079,272],{"class":488},[48,91081,365],{"class":84},[48,91083,5712],{"class":488},[48,91085,365],{"class":84},[48,91087,489],{"class":488},[48,91089,2610],{"class":84},[20,91091,1037],{},[39,91093,91094],{"className":41,"code":90893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91095,91096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91097,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91099,3605],{"class":84},[48,91101,272],{"class":488},[48,91103,365],{"class":84},[48,91105,2152],{"class":488},[48,91107,365],{"class":84},[48,91109,549],{"class":488},[48,91111,365],{"class":84},[48,91113,5701],{"class":488},[48,91115,365],{"class":84},[48,91117,53835],{"class":488},[48,91119,3339],{"class":84},[20,91121,91122,91123,91125,91126,60996,91128,32],{},"This moves by ",[15,91124,280],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91127,272],{},[15,91129,1845],{},[1200,91131,91133],{"id":91132},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91135,91136,91137,91139],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91138,35908],{}," count backward.",[39,91141,91143],{"className":41,"code":91142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91144,91145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91146,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91148,109],{"class":108},[48,91150,91],{"class":84},[48,91152,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91154,91],{"class":84},[48,91156,59697],{"class":108},[48,91158,91],{"class":84},[48,91160,1837],{"class":488},[48,91162,365],{"class":84},[48,91164,961],{"class":488},[48,91166,365],{"class":84},[48,91168,1921],{"class":58},[48,91170,272],{"class":488},[48,91172,2610],{"class":84},[20,91174,1037],{},[39,91176,91178],{"className":41,"code":91177,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91179,91180],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91181,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91183,3605],{"class":84},[48,91185,1837],{"class":488},[48,91187,365],{"class":84},[48,91189,878],{"class":488},[48,91191,365],{"class":84},[48,91193,2152],{"class":488},[48,91195,365],{"class":84},[48,91197,489],{"class":488},[48,91199,365],{"class":84},[48,91201,5204],{"class":488},[48,91203,3339],{"class":84},[20,91205,91206],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91208,91209],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[39,91211,91213],{"className":41,"code":91212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91214,91215],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91216,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91218,109],{"class":108},[48,91220,91],{"class":84},[48,91222,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91224,91],{"class":84},[48,91226,59697],{"class":108},[48,91228,91],{"class":84},[48,91230,272],{"class":488},[48,91232,365],{"class":84},[48,91234,549],{"class":488},[48,91236,365],{"class":84},[48,91238,1921],{"class":58},[48,91240,272],{"class":488},[48,91242,2610],{"class":84},[20,91244,1037],{},[39,91246,91247],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91248,91249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91250,91251],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91252,38006],{"class":84},[1200,91254,91255,76274,91257],{"id":76498},[15,91256,75115],{},[15,91258,578],{},[20,91260,2535],{},[39,91262,91264],{"className":41,"code":91263,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91265,91266],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91267,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91269,59697],{"class":108},[48,91271,91],{"class":84},[48,91273,272],{"class":488},[48,91275,365],{"class":84},[48,91277,549],{"class":488},[48,91279,365],{"class":84},[48,91281,961],{"class":488},[48,91283,102],{"class":84},[20,91285,1553,91286,91288],{},[15,91287,31],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[34,91290,758,91292,91294,91295,91297],{"id":91291},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91293,35908],{}," in a ",[15,91296,5665],{}," loop",[20,91299,91300,91302],{},[15,91301,35908],{}," is most useful when:",[162,91304,91305,91308,91311],{},[165,91306,91307],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[165,91309,91310],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[165,91312,91313,91314],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91315,91316],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91318,182],{},[39,91320,91322],{"className":41,"code":91321,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91323,91324,91340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91325,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91327,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91329,69234],{"class":54},[48,91331,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91333,53769],{"class":108},[48,91335,91],{"class":84},[48,91337,1764],{"class":488},[48,91339,8053],{"class":84},[48,91341,91342,91344,91346,91348,91351,91353,91355,91357],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91343,1138],{"class":108},[48,91345,91],{"class":84},[48,91347,94],{"class":62},[48,91349,91350],{"class":66},"Loop number:",[48,91352,94],{"class":62},[48,91354,365],{"class":84},[48,91356,35839],{"class":87},[48,91358,102],{"class":84},[20,91360,1037],{},[39,91362,91364],{"className":41,"code":91363,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91365,91366,91375,91383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91367,91368,91371,91373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91369,91370],{"class":54},"Loop number",[48,91372,503],{"class":84},[48,91374,38222],{"class":488},[48,91376,91377,91379,91381],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91378,91370],{"class":54},[48,91380,503],{"class":84},[48,91382,29330],{"class":488},[48,91384,91385,91387,91389],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91386,91370],{"class":54},[48,91388,503],{"class":84},[48,91390,45296],{"class":488},[1200,91392,91394],{"id":91393},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[39,91396,91398],{"className":41,"code":91397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91399,91400,91416],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91401,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91403,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91405,69234],{"class":54},[48,91407,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91409,53769],{"class":108},[48,91411,91],{"class":84},[48,91413,1837],{"class":488},[48,91415,8053],{"class":84},[48,91417,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91419,1138],{"class":108},[48,91421,91],{"class":84},[48,91423,94],{"class":62},[48,91425,299],{"class":66},[48,91427,94],{"class":62},[48,91429,102],{"class":84},[20,91431,91432,91433,91435],{},"This prints ",[15,91434,90102],{}," five times.",[1200,91437,91439],{"id":91438},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[39,91441,91443],{"className":41,"code":91442,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91444,91445,91465],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91446,91447,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91448,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91450,69234],{"class":54},[48,91452,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91454,53769],{"class":108},[48,91456,91],{"class":84},[48,91458,272],{"class":488},[48,91460,365],{"class":84},[48,91462,878],{"class":488},[48,91464,8053],{"class":84},[48,91466,91467,91469,91471,91473,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91468,1138],{"class":108},[48,91470,91],{"class":84},[48,91472,94],{"class":62},[48,91474,91475],{"class":66},"Current number is",[48,91477,94],{"class":62},[48,91479,365],{"class":84},[48,91481,35839],{"class":87},[48,91483,102],{"class":84},[20,91485,1037],{},[39,91487,91489],{"className":41,"code":91488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91490,91491,91500,91508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91492,91493,91496,91498],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91494,91495],{"class":54},"Current number ",[48,91497,11907],{"class":58},[48,91499,29330],{"class":488},[48,91501,91502,91504,91506],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91503,91495],{"class":54},[48,91505,11907],{"class":58},[48,91507,45296],{"class":488},[48,91509,91510,91512,91514],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91511,91495],{"class":54},[48,91513,11907],{"class":58},[48,91515,2276],{"class":488},[1200,91517,91519,91521],{"id":91518},"range-and-indexing",[15,91520,35908],{}," and indexing",[20,91523,91524],{},"You may see code like this:",[39,91526,91528],{"className":41,"code":91527,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91529,91530,91562,91566,91586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91531,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556,91558,91560],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91533,7489],{"class":54},[48,91535,59],{"class":58},[48,91537,3326],{"class":84},[48,91539,94],{"class":62},[48,91541,224],{"class":66},[48,91543,94],{"class":62},[48,91545,365],{"class":84},[48,91547,63],{"class":62},[48,91549,4466],{"class":66},[48,91551,94],{"class":62},[48,91553,365],{"class":84},[48,91555,63],{"class":62},[48,91557,632],{"class":66},[48,91559,94],{"class":62},[48,91561,3339],{"class":84},[48,91563,91564],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91565,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,91567,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91569,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91571,69234],{"class":54},[48,91573,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91575,53769],{"class":108},[48,91577,91],{"class":84},[48,91579,10874],{"class":108},[48,91581,91],{"class":84},[48,91583,7520],{"class":87},[48,91585,69249],{"class":84},[48,91587,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,91589,1138],{"class":108},[48,91591,91],{"class":84},[48,91593,35864],{"class":87},[48,91595,365],{"class":84},[48,91597,5673],{"class":87},[48,91599,3605],{"class":84},[48,91601,35864],{"class":87},[48,91603,3593],{"class":84},[20,91605,1037],{},[39,91607,91608],{"className":41,"code":35876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,91609,91610,91616,91622],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91611,91612,91614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91613,578],{"class":488},[48,91615,35885],{"class":54},[48,91617,91618,91620],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91619,272],{"class":488},[48,91621,35892],{"class":54},[48,91623,91624,91626],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91625,280],{"class":488},[48,91627,35899],{"class":54},[20,91629,91630,91631,91635],{},"This works, and it uses ",[224,91632,91633],{"href":42065},[15,91634,42068],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91637,91638],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[39,91640,91642],{"className":41,"code":91641,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91643,91644,91676,91680,91692],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91645,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91647,7489],{"class":54},[48,91649,59],{"class":58},[48,91651,3326],{"class":84},[48,91653,94],{"class":62},[48,91655,224],{"class":66},[48,91657,94],{"class":62},[48,91659,365],{"class":84},[48,91661,63],{"class":62},[48,91663,4466],{"class":66},[48,91665,94],{"class":62},[48,91667,365],{"class":84},[48,91669,63],{"class":62},[48,91671,632],{"class":66},[48,91673,94],{"class":62},[48,91675,3339],{"class":84},[48,91677,91678],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91679,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,91681,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91683,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91685,5668],{"class":54},[48,91687,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91689,5673],{"class":54},[48,91691,1110],{"class":84},[48,91693,91694,91696,91698,91700],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,91695,1138],{"class":108},[48,91697,91],{"class":84},[48,91699,23026],{"class":87},[48,91701,102],{"class":84},[20,91703,36303,91704,91709],{},[224,91705,91707],{"href":91706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91708,35461],{}," is usually a better choice:",[39,91711,91713],{"className":41,"code":91712,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91714,91715,91747,91751,91771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91716,91717,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91718,7489],{"class":54},[48,91720,59],{"class":58},[48,91722,3326],{"class":84},[48,91724,94],{"class":62},[48,91726,224],{"class":66},[48,91728,94],{"class":62},[48,91730,365],{"class":84},[48,91732,63],{"class":62},[48,91734,4466],{"class":66},[48,91736,94],{"class":62},[48,91738,365],{"class":84},[48,91740,63],{"class":62},[48,91742,632],{"class":66},[48,91744,94],{"class":62},[48,91746,3339],{"class":84},[48,91748,91749],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91750,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,91752,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91754,5665],{"class":1107},[48,91756,35533],{"class":54},[48,91758,365],{"class":84},[48,91760,5668],{"class":54},[48,91762,3587],{"class":1107},[48,91764,35543],{"class":108},[48,91766,91],{"class":84},[48,91768,7520],{"class":87},[48,91770,8053],{"class":84},[48,91772,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,91774,1138],{"class":108},[48,91776,91],{"class":84},[48,91778,88],{"class":87},[48,91780,365],{"class":84},[48,91782,29222],{"class":87},[48,91784,102],{"class":84},[20,91786,78802,91787,32],{},[224,91788,36316,91789,36319],{"href":36315},[15,91790,35461],{},[34,91792,91794,91795,91797],{"id":91793},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91796,35908],{}," to a list",[20,91799,91800,91802],{},[15,91801,35908],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91804,91805,91806,503],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91807,24497],{},[39,91809,91811],{"className":41,"code":91810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91812,91813],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91814,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91816,109],{"class":108},[48,91818,91],{"class":84},[48,91820,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91822,91],{"class":84},[48,91824,59697],{"class":108},[48,91826,91],{"class":84},[48,91828,1764],{"class":488},[48,91830,2610],{"class":84},[20,91832,1037],{},[39,91834,91836],{"className":41,"code":91835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91837,91838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91839,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91841,3605],{"class":84},[48,91843,578],{"class":488},[48,91845,365],{"class":84},[48,91847,5204],{"class":488},[48,91849,365],{"class":84},[48,91851,489],{"class":488},[48,91853,3339],{"class":84},[20,91855,33024],{},[162,91857,91858,91863,91866],{},[165,91859,91860,91861,41792],{},"learning how ",[15,91862,35908],{},[165,91864,91865],{},"checking your values",[165,91867,91868],{},"debugging code",[20,91870,5178],{},[39,91872,91874],{"className":41,"code":91873,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91875,91876,91890,91894,91904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91877,91878,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91879,3321],{"class":54},[48,91881,59],{"class":58},[48,91883,53769],{"class":108},[48,91885,91],{"class":84},[48,91887,907],{"class":488},[48,91889,102],{"class":84},[48,91891,91892],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91893,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,91895,91896,91898,91900,91902],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,91897,109],{"class":108},[48,91899,91],{"class":84},[48,91901,3353],{"class":87},[48,91903,102],{"class":84},[48,91905,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,91907,109],{"class":108},[48,91909,91],{"class":84},[48,91911,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91913,91],{"class":84},[48,91915,3353],{"class":87},[48,91917,1034],{"class":84},[20,91919,1037],{},[39,91921,91923],{"className":41,"code":91922,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91924,91925,91939],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91926,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91928,59697],{"class":108},[48,91930,91],{"class":84},[48,91932,578],{"class":488},[48,91934,365],{"class":84},[48,91936,878],{"class":488},[48,91938,102],{"class":84},[48,91940,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,91942,3605],{"class":84},[48,91944,578],{"class":488},[48,91946,365],{"class":84},[48,91948,5204],{"class":488},[48,91950,365],{"class":84},[48,91952,489],{"class":488},[48,91954,365],{"class":84},[48,91956,2152],{"class":488},[48,91958,3339],{"class":84},[20,91960,91961,91962,1188,91964,91967],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91963,59697],{},[15,91965,91966],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[34,91969,4225],{"id":4224},[20,91971,33253,91972,32],{},[15,91973,35908],{},[1200,91975,91977],{"id":91976},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91979,91980],{},"Many beginners think this:",[39,91982,91984],{"className":41,"code":91983,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91985,91986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,91987,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,91989,109],{"class":108},[48,91991,91],{"class":84},[48,91993,7804],{"class":1047},[48,91995,91],{"class":84},[48,91997,59697],{"class":108},[48,91999,91],{"class":84},[48,92001,272],{"class":488},[48,92003,365],{"class":84},[48,92005,549],{"class":488},[48,92007,2610],{"class":84},[20,92009,92010],{},"will produce:",[39,92012,92014],{"className":41,"code":92013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92015,92016],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92017,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92019,3605],{"class":84},[48,92021,272],{"class":488},[48,92023,365],{"class":84},[48,92025,489],{"class":488},[48,92027,365],{"class":84},[48,92029,2152],{"class":488},[48,92031,365],{"class":84},[48,92033,878],{"class":488},[48,92035,365],{"class":84},[48,92037,549],{"class":488},[48,92039,3339],{"class":84},[20,92041,92042],{},"But the real output is:",[39,92044,92045],{"className":41,"code":53204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92046,92047],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92048,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92050,3605],{"class":84},[48,92052,272],{"class":488},[48,92054,365],{"class":84},[48,92056,489],{"class":488},[48,92058,365],{"class":84},[48,92060,2152],{"class":488},[48,92062,365],{"class":84},[48,92064,878],{"class":488},[48,92066,3339],{"class":84},[20,92068,92069],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1200,92071,1398,92073,92075,92076],{"id":92072},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92074,90537],{}," starts at ",[15,92077,272],{},[20,92079,37178,92080,18681,92082,32],{},[15,92081,578],{},[15,92083,272],{},[39,92085,92086],{"className":41,"code":90730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92087,92088],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92091,109],{"class":108},[48,92093,91],{"class":84},[48,92095,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92097,91],{"class":84},[48,92099,59697],{"class":108},[48,92101,91],{"class":84},[48,92103,1837],{"class":488},[48,92105,2610],{"class":84},[20,92107,1037],{},[39,92109,92110],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92111,92112],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92113,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92115,3605],{"class":84},[48,92117,578],{"class":488},[48,92119,365],{"class":84},[48,92121,5204],{"class":488},[48,92123,365],{"class":84},[48,92125,489],{"class":488},[48,92127,365],{"class":84},[48,92129,2152],{"class":488},[48,92131,365],{"class":84},[48,92133,878],{"class":488},[48,92135,3339],{"class":84},[1200,92137,92139],{"id":92138},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92141,92142,92143,503],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92144,2656],{},[39,92146,92148],{"className":41,"code":92147,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92149,92150,92169,92173,92190],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92151,92152,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92153,92154],{"class":54},"user_number ",[48,92156,59],{"class":58},[48,92158,7953],{"class":108},[48,92160,91],{"class":84},[48,92162,94],{"class":62},[48,92164,41580],{"class":66},[48,92166,94],{"class":62},[48,92168,102],{"class":84},[48,92170,92171],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92172,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,92174,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92188],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,92176,5665],{"class":1107},[48,92178,69234],{"class":54},[48,92180,3587],{"class":1107},[48,92182,53769],{"class":108},[48,92184,91],{"class":84},[48,92186,92187],{"class":87},"user_number",[48,92189,8053],{"class":84},[48,92191,92192,92194,92196,92198],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,92193,1138],{"class":108},[48,92195,91],{"class":84},[48,92197,35864],{"class":87},[48,92199,102],{"class":84},[20,92201,48217,92202,92204],{},[15,92203,2656],{}," returns a string.",[20,92206,10519],{},[39,92208,92210],{"className":41,"code":92209,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92211,92212,92234,92238,92254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92213,92214,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92215,92154],{"class":54},[48,92217,59],{"class":58},[48,92219,44983],{"class":1047},[48,92221,91],{"class":84},[48,92223,42170],{"class":108},[48,92225,91],{"class":84},[48,92227,94],{"class":62},[48,92229,41580],{"class":66},[48,92231,94],{"class":62},[48,92233,1034],{"class":84},[48,92235,92236],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92237,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,92241,5665],{"class":1107},[48,92243,69234],{"class":54},[48,92245,3587],{"class":1107},[48,92247,53769],{"class":108},[48,92249,91],{"class":84},[48,92251,92187],{"class":87},[48,92253,8053],{"class":84},[48,92255,92256,92258,92260,92262],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,92257,1138],{"class":108},[48,92259,91],{"class":84},[48,92261,35864],{"class":87},[48,92263,102],{"class":84},[20,92265,92266,92267,32],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[224,92268,50231,92269],{"href":50230},[15,92270,50234],{},[1200,92272,92274,92275,92277,92278],{"id":92273},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92276,390],{}," smaller than ",[15,92279,75112],{},[20,92281,92282],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[39,92284,92285],{"className":41,"code":91212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92286,92287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92288,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92290,109],{"class":108},[48,92292,91],{"class":84},[48,92294,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92296,91],{"class":84},[48,92298,59697],{"class":108},[48,92300,91],{"class":84},[48,92302,272],{"class":488},[48,92304,365],{"class":84},[48,92306,549],{"class":488},[48,92308,365],{"class":84},[48,92310,1921],{"class":58},[48,92312,272],{"class":488},[48,92314,2610],{"class":84},[20,92316,1037],{},[39,92318,92319],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92320,92321],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92322,92323],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92324,38006],{"class":84},[20,92326,92327],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1200,92329,25333,92331],{"id":92330},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92332,92333],{},"step = 0",[20,92335,77253],{},[39,92337,92339],{"className":41,"code":92338,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92340,92341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92342,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351,92353,92355,92357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92344,59697],{"class":108},[48,92346,91],{"class":84},[48,92348,272],{"class":488},[48,92350,365],{"class":84},[48,92352,5712],{"class":488},[48,92354,365],{"class":84},[48,92356,961],{"class":488},[48,92358,102],{"class":84},[20,92360,92361],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1200,92363,4409,92365,92367],{"id":92364},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92366,35908],{}," is not a list",[20,92369,92370],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[39,92372,92374],{"className":41,"code":92373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92375,92376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92377,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92379,109],{"class":108},[48,92381,91],{"class":84},[48,92383,59697],{"class":108},[48,92385,91],{"class":84},[48,92387,1837],{"class":488},[48,92389,1034],{"class":84},[20,92391,1037],{},[39,92393,92395],{"className":41,"code":92394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92396,92397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92398,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92400,59697],{"class":108},[48,92402,91],{"class":84},[48,92404,578],{"class":488},[48,92406,365],{"class":84},[48,92408,549],{"class":488},[48,92410,102],{"class":84},[20,92412,92413],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[39,92415,92416],{"className":41,"code":90730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92417,92418],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92421,109],{"class":108},[48,92423,91],{"class":84},[48,92425,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92427,91],{"class":84},[48,92429,59697],{"class":108},[48,92431,91],{"class":84},[48,92433,1837],{"class":488},[48,92435,2610],{"class":84},[20,92437,1037],{},[39,92439,92440],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,92441,92442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92445,3605],{"class":84},[48,92447,578],{"class":488},[48,92449,365],{"class":84},[48,92451,5204],{"class":488},[48,92453,365],{"class":84},[48,92455,489],{"class":488},[48,92457,365],{"class":84},[48,92459,2152],{"class":488},[48,92461,365],{"class":84},[48,92463,878],{"class":488},[48,92465,3339],{"class":84},[34,92467,92469],{"id":92468},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92471,8586,92472,82024],{},[15,92473,35908],{},[39,92475,92477],{"className":41,"code":92476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92478,92479,92493,92511,92533,92561],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92480,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92482,109],{"class":108},[48,92484,91],{"class":84},[48,92486,59697],{"class":108},[48,92488,91],{"class":84},[48,92490,1837],{"class":488},[48,92492,1034],{"class":84},[48,92494,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92496,109],{"class":108},[48,92498,91],{"class":84},[48,92500,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92502,91],{"class":84},[48,92504,59697],{"class":108},[48,92506,91],{"class":84},[48,92508,1837],{"class":488},[48,92510,2610],{"class":84},[48,92512,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529,92531],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,92514,109],{"class":108},[48,92516,91],{"class":84},[48,92518,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92520,91],{"class":84},[48,92522,59697],{"class":108},[48,92524,91],{"class":84},[48,92526,280],{"class":488},[48,92528,365],{"class":84},[48,92530,6068],{"class":488},[48,92532,2610],{"class":84},[48,92534,92535,92537,92539,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,92536,109],{"class":108},[48,92538,91],{"class":84},[48,92540,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92542,91],{"class":84},[48,92544,59697],{"class":108},[48,92546,91],{"class":84},[48,92548,2031],{"class":488},[48,92550,365],{"class":84},[48,92552,961],{"class":488},[48,92554,365],{"class":84},[48,92556,1921],{"class":58},[48,92558,280],{"class":488},[48,92560,2610],{"class":84},[48,92562,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,92564,109],{"class":108},[48,92566,91],{"class":84},[48,92568,2921],{"class":1047},[48,92570,91],{"class":84},[48,92572,59697],{"class":108},[48,92574,91],{"class":84},[48,92576,1837],{"class":488},[48,92578,2610],{"class":84},[20,92580,25724],{},[162,92582,92583,92586,92589],{},[165,92584,92585],{},"what values are being created",[165,92587,92588],{},"whether the direction is correct",[165,92590,92591,92592,24333],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92593,59697],{},[34,92595,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,92597,12418,92599,92601],{"id":92598},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92600,35908],{}," include the last number?",[20,92603,92604],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1200,92606,4865,92608,92610,92611,1564],{"id":92607},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92609,90537],{}," start at ",[15,92612,578],{},[20,92614,92615,92616,32],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92617,578],{},[1200,92619,1579,92621,92623],{"id":92620},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92622,35908],{}," count backward?",[20,92625,92626,92627,32],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92628,92629],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1200,92631,14618,92633,25759],{"id":92632},"is-range-a-list",[15,92634,35908],{},[20,92636,25762,92637,92639,92640,23654],{},[15,92638,59697],{}," object. Use ",[15,92641,92642],{},"list(range(...))",[1200,92644,4865,92646,48391],{"id":92645},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92647,92648],{},"range(input())",[20,92650,92651,3185,92653,32],{},[15,92652,2656],{},[15,92654,92655],{},"int(input())",[34,92657,1599],{"id":1598},[162,92659,92660,92664,92670,92676,92682],{},[165,92661,92662],{},[224,92663,35740],{"href":35739},[165,92665,92666],{},[224,92667,3277,92668,3210],{"href":42065},[15,92669,42068],{},[165,92671,92672],{},[224,92673,3277,92674,3210],{"href":91706},[15,92675,35461],{},[165,92677,92678],{},[224,92679,37229,92680,36319],{"href":36315},[15,92681,35461],{},[165,92683,92684],{},[224,92685,50231,92686],{"href":50230},[15,92687,50234],{},[1633,92689,92690],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":92692},[92693,92694,92696,92702,92710,92717,92719,92731,92732,92744],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":90546,"depth":73,"text":92695},"What range() does",{"id":90639,"depth":73,"text":92697,"children":92698},"range() syntax",[92699,92700,92701],{"id":90719,"depth":105,"text":90722},{"id":90783,"depth":105,"text":90786},{"id":90851,"depth":105,"text":90854},{"id":90922,"depth":73,"text":90923,"children":92703},[92704,92705,92706,92707,92708],{"id":90929,"depth":105,"text":90537},{"id":90992,"depth":105,"text":90995},{"id":91056,"depth":105,"text":91059},{"id":91132,"depth":105,"text":91133},{"id":76498,"depth":105,"text":92709},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91291,"depth":73,"text":92711,"children":92712},"Using range() in a for loop",[92713,92714,92715],{"id":91393,"depth":105,"text":91394},{"id":91438,"depth":105,"text":91439},{"id":91518,"depth":105,"text":92716},"range() and indexing",{"id":91793,"depth":73,"text":92718},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":92720},[92721,92722,92724,92725,92727,92729],{"id":91976,"depth":105,"text":91977},{"id":92072,"depth":105,"text":92723},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92138,"depth":105,"text":92139},{"id":92273,"depth":105,"text":92726},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92330,"depth":105,"text":92728},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92364,"depth":105,"text":92730},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92468,"depth":73,"text":92469},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":92733},[92734,92736,92738,92740,92742],{"id":92598,"depth":105,"text":92735},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92607,"depth":105,"text":92737},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92620,"depth":105,"text":92739},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92632,"depth":105,"text":92741},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92645,"depth":105,"text":92743},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90441,"description":92745},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92752,"title":92753,"body":92754,"description":94427,"extension":1666,"meta":94428,"navigation":122,"path":94429,"seo":94430,"stem":94431,"__hash__":94432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92755,"toc":94400},[92756,92765,92772,92789,92805,92807,92856,92864,92868,92871,92891,92893,92957,92959,93002,93005,93051,93053,93086,93096,93102,93110,93127,93129,93160,93162,93187,93192,93203,93206,93276,93278,93309,93314,93319,93336,93338,93389,93391,93424,93427,93434,93439,93443,93459,93461,93505,93507,93553,93556,93569,93574,93578,93592,93594,93645,93647,93680,93685,93687,93694,93696,93719,93721,93786,93788,93805,93808,93841,93843,93871,93881,93888,93892,93895,93913,93916,93944,93947,93965,93970,93976,93979,94001,94003,94031,94033,94036,94061,94064,94177,94179,94258,94260,94266,94271,94279,94287,94291,94294,94296,94329,94331,94339,94345,94352,94359,94362,94364,94397],[10,92757,3277,92759,1188,92761,92764],{"id":92758},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92760,35908],{},[15,92762,92763],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92766,92767,500,92769,92771],{},[15,92768,35908],{},[15,92770,92763],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[162,92773,92774,92782],{},[165,92775,92776,92778,92779],{},[15,92777,35908],{}," creates a ",[565,92780,92781],{},"range object",[165,92783,92784,92778,92786],{},[15,92785,92763],{},[565,92787,92788],{},"real list",[20,92790,92791,92792,92794,92795,92798,92799,92801,92802,92804],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92793,90537],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92796,92797],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92800,35908],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92803,92763],{}," when you actually need a list.",[34,92806,3311],{"id":3310},[39,92808,92810],{"className":41,"code":92809,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92811,92812,92826,92839],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92813,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92815,3321],{"class":54},[48,92817,59],{"class":58},[48,92819,53769],{"class":108},[48,92821,91],{"class":84},[48,92823,1837],{"class":488},[48,92825,102],{"class":84},[48,92827,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92829,109],{"class":108},[48,92831,91],{"class":84},[48,92833,3353],{"class":87},[48,92835,3366],{"class":84},[48,92837,92838],{"class":129},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[48,92840,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851,92853],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,92842,109],{"class":108},[48,92844,91],{"class":84},[48,92846,7804],{"class":1047},[48,92848,91],{"class":84},[48,92850,3353],{"class":87},[48,92852,229],{"class":84},[48,92854,92855],{"class":129},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92857,139,92858,92860,92861,92863],{},[15,92859,35908],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92862,92763],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[34,92865,92867],{"id":92866},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92869,92870],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[162,92872,92873,92880,92885,92888],{},[165,92874,92875,21691,92877,92879],{},[15,92876,35908],{},[565,92878,92781],{},", not a list",[165,92881,92882,92884],{},[15,92883,92763],{}," converts that range object into a list",[165,92886,92887],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[165,92889,92890],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92892,182],{},[39,92894,92896],{"className":41,"code":92895,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92897,92898,92913,92932,92936,92946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92899,92900,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92901,92902],{"class":54},"r ",[48,92904,59],{"class":58},[48,92906,53769],{"class":108},[48,92908,91],{"class":84},[48,92910,1837],{"class":488},[48,92912,102],{"class":84},[48,92914,92915,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92916,92917],{"class":54},"lst ",[48,92919,59],{"class":58},[48,92921,22275],{"class":1047},[48,92923,91],{"class":84},[48,92925,59697],{"class":108},[48,92927,91],{"class":84},[48,92929,1837],{"class":488},[48,92931,1034],{"class":84},[48,92933,92934],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,92935,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,92937,92938,92940,92942,92944],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,92939,109],{"class":108},[48,92941,91],{"class":84},[48,92943,60202],{"class":87},[48,92945,102],{"class":84},[48,92947,92948,92950,92952,92955],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,92949,109],{"class":108},[48,92951,91],{"class":84},[48,92953,92954],{"class":87},"lst",[48,92956,102],{"class":84},[20,92958,1037],{},[39,92960,92962],{"className":41,"code":92961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92963,92964,92978],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,92965,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,92967,59697],{"class":108},[48,92969,91],{"class":84},[48,92971,578],{"class":488},[48,92973,365],{"class":84},[48,92975,549],{"class":488},[48,92977,102],{"class":84},[48,92979,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,92981,3605],{"class":84},[48,92983,578],{"class":488},[48,92985,365],{"class":84},[48,92987,5204],{"class":488},[48,92989,365],{"class":84},[48,92991,489],{"class":488},[48,92993,365],{"class":84},[48,92995,2152],{"class":488},[48,92997,365],{"class":84},[48,92999,878],{"class":488},[48,93001,3339],{"class":84},[20,93003,93004],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[39,93006,93008],{"className":41,"code":93007,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93009,93010,93028],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93011,93012,93014,93016,93018,93020,93022,93024,93026],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93013,109],{"class":108},[48,93015,91],{"class":84},[48,93017,2921],{"class":1047},[48,93019,91],{"class":84},[48,93021,59697],{"class":108},[48,93023,91],{"class":84},[48,93025,1837],{"class":488},[48,93027,2610],{"class":84},[48,93029,93030,93032,93034,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046,93048],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93031,109],{"class":108},[48,93033,91],{"class":84},[48,93035,2921],{"class":1047},[48,93037,91],{"class":84},[48,93039,7804],{"class":1047},[48,93041,91],{"class":84},[48,93043,59697],{"class":108},[48,93045,91],{"class":84},[48,93047,1837],{"class":488},[48,93049,93050],{"class":84},"))))\n",[20,93052,1037],{},[39,93054,93056],{"className":41,"code":93055,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93057,93058,93072],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93059,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068,93070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93061,2990],{"class":58},[48,93063,2993],{"class":1767},[48,93065,2996],{"class":62},[48,93067,59697],{"class":66},[48,93069,3001],{"class":62},[48,93071,3004],{"class":58},[48,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93075,2990],{"class":58},[48,93077,2993],{"class":1767},[48,93079,2996],{"class":62},[48,93081,7804],{"class":66},[48,93083,3001],{"class":62},[48,93085,3004],{"class":58},[20,93087,93088,93089,93091,93092,32],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93090,35908],{}," works, see ",[224,93093,3277,93094,3210],{"href":92747},[15,93095,35908],{},[34,93097,148,93099,93101],{"id":93098},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93100,35908],{}," gives you",[20,93103,93104,93106,93107,93109],{},[15,93105,35908],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93108,5665],{}," loops.",[162,93111,93112,93115,93118,93121],{},[165,93113,93114],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[165,93116,93117],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[165,93119,93120],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[165,93122,93123,93124],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93125,93126],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93128,182],{},[39,93130,93132],{"className":41,"code":93131,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93133,93134,93150],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93135,93136,93138,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93137,5665],{"class":1107},[48,93139,69234],{"class":54},[48,93141,3587],{"class":1107},[48,93143,53769],{"class":108},[48,93145,91],{"class":84},[48,93147,1837],{"class":488},[48,93149,8053],{"class":84},[48,93151,93152,93154,93156,93158],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93153,1138],{"class":108},[48,93155,91],{"class":84},[48,93157,35864],{"class":87},[48,93159,102],{"class":84},[20,93161,1037],{},[39,93163,93165],{"className":41,"code":93164,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93166,93167,93171,93175,93179,93183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93168,93169],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93170,46958],{"class":488},[48,93172,93173],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93174,46623],{"class":488},[48,93176,93177],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93178,16773],{"class":488},[48,93180,93181],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93182,46323],{"class":488},[48,93184,93185],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,93186,48357],{"class":488},[20,93188,20487,93189,93191],{},[15,93190,90537],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93193,93194,93195,93197,93198,32],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93196,35908],{}," is so common with ",[224,93199,3277,93201,90568],{"href":93200},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93202,5665],{},[20,93204,93205],{},"You can also inspect it:",[39,93207,93209],{"className":41,"code":93208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93210,93211,93233,93237,93247,93261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93214,92902],{"class":54},[48,93216,59],{"class":58},[48,93218,53769],{"class":108},[48,93220,91],{"class":84},[48,93222,280],{"class":488},[48,93224,365],{"class":84},[48,93226,5712],{"class":488},[48,93228,365],{"class":84},[48,93230,489],{"class":488},[48,93232,102],{"class":84},[48,93234,93235],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93236,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,93238,93239,93241,93243,93245],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93240,109],{"class":108},[48,93242,91],{"class":84},[48,93244,60202],{"class":87},[48,93246,102],{"class":84},[48,93248,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93250,109],{"class":108},[48,93252,91],{"class":84},[48,93254,10874],{"class":108},[48,93256,91],{"class":84},[48,93258,60202],{"class":87},[48,93260,1034],{"class":84},[48,93262,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93274],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,93264,109],{"class":108},[48,93266,91],{"class":84},[48,93268,80278],{"class":488},[48,93270,20889],{"class":1107},[48,93272,93273],{"class":87}," r",[48,93275,102],{"class":84},[20,93277,1037],{},[39,93279,93281],{"className":41,"code":93280,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93282,93283,93301,93305],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93284,93285,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93286,59697],{"class":108},[48,93288,91],{"class":84},[48,93290,280],{"class":488},[48,93292,365],{"class":84},[48,93294,5712],{"class":488},[48,93296,365],{"class":84},[48,93298,489],{"class":488},[48,93300,102],{"class":84},[48,93302,93303],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93304,48357],{"class":488},[48,93306,93307],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93308,3685],{"class":3556},[34,93310,148,93312,93101],{"id":93311},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93313,92763],{},[20,93315,93316,93318],{},[15,93317,92763],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[162,93320,93321,93324,93327,93330],{},[165,93322,93323],{},"It creates all values at once",[165,93325,93326],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[165,93328,93329],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[165,93331,93332,93333,93335],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93334,35908],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93337,182],{},[39,93339,93341],{"className":41,"code":93340,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93342,93343,93361,93365,93375],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93344,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93346,3321],{"class":54},[48,93348,59],{"class":58},[48,93350,22275],{"class":1047},[48,93352,91],{"class":84},[48,93354,59697],{"class":108},[48,93356,91],{"class":84},[48,93358,1837],{"class":488},[48,93360,1034],{"class":84},[48,93362,93363],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93364,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,93366,93367,93369,93371,93373],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93368,109],{"class":108},[48,93370,91],{"class":84},[48,93372,3353],{"class":87},[48,93374,102],{"class":84},[48,93376,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93378,109],{"class":108},[48,93380,91],{"class":84},[48,93382,3353],{"class":87},[48,93384,3605],{"class":84},[48,93386,280],{"class":488},[48,93388,3593],{"class":84},[20,93390,1037],{},[39,93392,93394],{"className":41,"code":93393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93395,93396,93420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93397,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93399,3605],{"class":84},[48,93401,578],{"class":488},[48,93403,365],{"class":84},[48,93405,5204],{"class":488},[48,93407,365],{"class":84},[48,93409,489],{"class":488},[48,93411,365],{"class":84},[48,93413,2152],{"class":488},[48,93415,365],{"class":84},[48,93417,878],{"class":488},[48,93419,3339],{"class":84},[48,93421,93422],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93423,16773],{"class":488},[20,93425,93426],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93428,93429,93430,32],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[224,93431,3277,93432,3210],{"href":64541},[15,93433,24497],{},[34,93435,4667,93437],{"id":93436},"when-to-use-range",[15,93438,35908],{},[20,93440,139,93441,10313],{},[15,93442,35908],{},[162,93444,93445,93450,93453,93456],{},[165,93446,93447,93448,91297],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93449,5665],{},[165,93451,93452],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[165,93454,93455],{},"You are working with large sequences",[165,93457,93458],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93460,182],{},[39,93462,93464],{"className":41,"code":93463,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93465,93466,93486],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93467,93468,93470,93472,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93469,5665],{"class":1107},[48,93471,69234],{"class":54},[48,93473,3587],{"class":1107},[48,93475,53769],{"class":108},[48,93477,91],{"class":84},[48,93479,272],{"class":488},[48,93481,365],{"class":84},[48,93483,37354],{"class":488},[48,93485,8053],{"class":84},[48,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93489,1138],{"class":108},[48,93491,91],{"class":84},[48,93493,94],{"class":62},[48,93495,93496],{"class":66},"Count:",[48,93498,94],{"class":62},[48,93500,365],{"class":84},[48,93502,35839],{"class":87},[48,93504,102],{"class":84},[20,93506,1037],{},[39,93508,93510],{"className":41,"code":93509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93511,93512,93521,93529,93537,93545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93513,93514,93517,93519],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93515,93516],{"class":54},"Count",[48,93518,503],{"class":84},[48,93520,29330],{"class":488},[48,93522,93523,93525,93527],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93524,93516],{"class":54},[48,93526,503],{"class":84},[48,93528,45296],{"class":488},[48,93530,93531,93533,93535],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93532,93516],{"class":54},[48,93534,503],{"class":84},[48,93536,2276],{"class":488},[48,93538,93539,93541,93543],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93540,93516],{"class":54},[48,93542,503],{"class":84},[48,93544,23379],{"class":488},[48,93546,93547,93549,93551],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,93548,93516],{"class":54},[48,93550,503],{"class":84},[48,93552,34554],{"class":488},[20,93554,93555],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93557,93558,93559,93561,93562,61983,93564,32],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93560,35461],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93563,36309],{},[224,93565,36316,93567,36319],{"href":93566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93568,35461],{},[34,93570,4667,93572],{"id":93571},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93573,92763],{},[20,93575,139,93576,10313],{},[15,93577,92763],{},[162,93579,93580,93583,93586,93589],{},[165,93581,93582],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[165,93584,93585],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[165,93587,93588],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[165,93590,93591],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93593,182],{},[39,93595,93597],{"className":41,"code":93596,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93598,93599,93617,93631,93635],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93600,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611,93613,93615],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93602,3321],{"class":54},[48,93604,59],{"class":58},[48,93606,22275],{"class":1047},[48,93608,91],{"class":84},[48,93610,59697],{"class":108},[48,93612,91],{"class":84},[48,93614,1837],{"class":488},[48,93616,1034],{"class":84},[48,93618,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93620,3353],{"class":54},[48,93622,32],{"class":84},[48,93624,13267],{"class":87},[48,93626,91],{"class":84},[48,93628,1837],{"class":488},[48,93630,102],{"class":84},[48,93632,93633],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93634,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,93636,93637,93639,93641,93643],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93638,109],{"class":108},[48,93640,91],{"class":84},[48,93642,3353],{"class":87},[48,93644,102],{"class":84},[20,93646,1037],{},[39,93648,93650],{"className":41,"code":93649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93651,93652],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93653,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93655,3605],{"class":84},[48,93657,578],{"class":488},[48,93659,365],{"class":84},[48,93661,5204],{"class":488},[48,93663,365],{"class":84},[48,93665,489],{"class":488},[48,93667,365],{"class":84},[48,93669,2152],{"class":488},[48,93671,365],{"class":84},[48,93673,878],{"class":488},[48,93675,365],{"class":84},[48,93677,549],{"class":488},[48,93679,3339],{"class":84},[20,93681,5768,93682,93684],{},[15,93683,3353],{}," is a list.",[34,93686,15312],{"id":15311},[20,93688,93689,93691,93692,32],{},[15,93690,35908],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[565,93693,37308],{},[20,93695,570],{},[162,93697,93698,93700,93705,93710,93713],{},[165,93699,21701],{},[165,93701,93702,93703],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93704,42068],{},[165,93706,93707,93708],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93709,3587],{},[165,93711,93712],{},"You can index it",[165,93714,93715,93716,93718],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93717,52353],{}," do not work on it",[20,93720,182],{},[39,93722,93724],{"className":41,"code":93723,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93725,93726,93740,93744,93758,93772],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93727,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93729,92902],{"class":54},[48,93731,59],{"class":58},[48,93733,53769],{"class":108},[48,93735,91],{"class":84},[48,93737,1837],{"class":488},[48,93739,102],{"class":84},[48,93741,93742],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93743,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,93745,93746,93748,93750,93752,93754,93756],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93747,109],{"class":108},[48,93749,91],{"class":84},[48,93751,60202],{"class":87},[48,93753,3605],{"class":84},[48,93755,280],{"class":488},[48,93757,3593],{"class":84},[48,93759,93760,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,93761,109],{"class":108},[48,93763,91],{"class":84},[48,93765,10874],{"class":108},[48,93767,91],{"class":84},[48,93769,60202],{"class":87},[48,93771,1034],{"class":84},[48,93773,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,93775,109],{"class":108},[48,93777,91],{"class":84},[48,93779,1764],{"class":488},[48,93781,20889],{"class":1107},[48,93783,93273],{"class":87},[48,93785,102],{"class":84},[20,93787,1037],{},[39,93789,93791],{"className":41,"code":93790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93792,93793,93797,93801],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93794,93795],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93796,16773],{"class":488},[48,93798,93799],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93800,2645],{"class":488},[48,93802,93803],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,93804,3685],{"class":3556},[20,93806,93807],{},"Now compare that with this:",[39,93809,93811],{"className":41,"code":93810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93812,93813,93827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93814,93815,93817,93819,93821,93823,93825],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93816,92902],{"class":54},[48,93818,59],{"class":58},[48,93820,53769],{"class":108},[48,93822,91],{"class":84},[48,93824,1837],{"class":488},[48,93826,102],{"class":84},[48,93828,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,93830,60202],{"class":54},[48,93832,32],{"class":84},[48,93834,13267],{"class":87},[48,93836,91],{"class":84},[48,93838,1837],{"class":488},[48,93840,102],{"class":84},[20,93842,1037],{},[39,93844,93846],{"className":41,"code":93845,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93847,93848],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93849,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93865,93867,93869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93851,25388],{"class":1047},[48,93853,503],{"class":84},[48,93855,2996],{"class":62},[48,93857,59697],{"class":66},[48,93859,3001],{"class":62},[48,93861,24333],{"class":1047},[48,93863,93864],{"class":54}," has no attribute ",[48,93866,3001],{"class":62},[48,93868,13267],{"class":66},[48,93870,29415],{"class":62},[20,93872,93873,93874,1888,93876,1892,93878,93880],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93875,52353],{},[15,93877,55228],{},[15,93879,64005],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93882,93883,93884,32],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[224,93885,1179,93886],{"href":35131},[15,93887,33968],{},[34,93889,93891],{"id":93890},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93893,93894],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[39,93896,93897],{"className":41,"code":92373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93898,93899],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93900,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93902,109],{"class":108},[48,93904,91],{"class":84},[48,93906,59697],{"class":108},[48,93908,91],{"class":84},[48,93910,1837],{"class":488},[48,93912,1034],{"class":84},[20,93914,93915],{},"to show:",[39,93917,93918],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93919,93920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93921,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936,93938,93940,93942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93923,3605],{"class":84},[48,93925,578],{"class":488},[48,93927,365],{"class":84},[48,93929,5204],{"class":488},[48,93931,365],{"class":84},[48,93933,489],{"class":488},[48,93935,365],{"class":84},[48,93937,2152],{"class":488},[48,93939,365],{"class":84},[48,93941,878],{"class":488},[48,93943,3339],{"class":84},[20,93945,93946],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[39,93948,93949],{"className":41,"code":92394,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93950,93951],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93952,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93954,59697],{"class":108},[48,93956,91],{"class":84},[48,93958,578],{"class":488},[48,93960,365],{"class":84},[48,93962,549],{"class":488},[48,93964,102],{"class":84},[20,93966,4333,93967,93969],{},[565,93968,1055],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93971,93972,93973,93975],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[565,93974,92781],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93977,93978],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[39,93980,93981],{"className":41,"code":90730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,93982,93983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,93984,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995,93997,93999],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,93986,109],{"class":108},[48,93988,91],{"class":84},[48,93990,7804],{"class":1047},[48,93992,91],{"class":84},[48,93994,59697],{"class":108},[48,93996,91],{"class":84},[48,93998,1837],{"class":488},[48,94000,2610],{"class":84},[20,94002,1037],{},[39,94004,94005],{"className":41,"code":59720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94006,94007],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94008,94009,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94010,3605],{"class":84},[48,94012,578],{"class":488},[48,94014,365],{"class":84},[48,94016,5204],{"class":488},[48,94018,365],{"class":84},[48,94020,489],{"class":488},[48,94022,365],{"class":84},[48,94024,2152],{"class":488},[48,94026,365],{"class":84},[48,94028,878],{"class":488},[48,94030,3339],{"class":84},[34,94032,1366],{"id":1365},[20,94034,94035],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[162,94037,94038,94044,94047,94053],{},[165,94039,758,94040,94043],{},[15,94041,94042],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[165,94045,94046],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[165,94048,94049,94050,94052],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94051,35908],{}," is iterable but not a list",[165,94054,758,94055,94057,94058,94060],{},[15,94056,92763],{}," when plain ",[15,94059,35908],{}," would be simpler",[20,94062,94063],{},"These quick checks can help:",[39,94065,94067],{"className":41,"code":94066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94068,94069,94083,94101,94119,94141,94159],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94070,94071,94073,94075,94077,94079,94081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94072,109],{"class":108},[48,94074,91],{"class":84},[48,94076,59697],{"class":108},[48,94078,91],{"class":84},[48,94080,1837],{"class":488},[48,94082,1034],{"class":84},[48,94084,94085,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94086,109],{"class":108},[48,94088,91],{"class":84},[48,94090,7804],{"class":1047},[48,94092,91],{"class":84},[48,94094,59697],{"class":108},[48,94096,91],{"class":84},[48,94098,1837],{"class":488},[48,94100,2610],{"class":84},[48,94102,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94104,109],{"class":108},[48,94106,91],{"class":84},[48,94108,2921],{"class":1047},[48,94110,91],{"class":84},[48,94112,59697],{"class":108},[48,94114,91],{"class":84},[48,94116,1837],{"class":488},[48,94118,2610],{"class":84},[48,94120,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,94122,109],{"class":108},[48,94124,91],{"class":84},[48,94126,2921],{"class":1047},[48,94128,91],{"class":84},[48,94130,7804],{"class":1047},[48,94132,91],{"class":84},[48,94134,59697],{"class":108},[48,94136,91],{"class":84},[48,94138,1837],{"class":488},[48,94140,93050],{"class":84},[48,94142,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155,94157],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,94144,109],{"class":108},[48,94146,91],{"class":84},[48,94148,1764],{"class":488},[48,94150,20889],{"class":1107},[48,94152,53769],{"class":108},[48,94154,91],{"class":84},[48,94156,1837],{"class":488},[48,94158,1034],{"class":84},[48,94160,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,94162,109],{"class":108},[48,94164,91],{"class":84},[48,94166,10874],{"class":108},[48,94168,91],{"class":84},[48,94170,59697],{"class":108},[48,94172,91],{"class":84},[48,94174,1837],{"class":488},[48,94176,2610],{"class":84},[20,94178,1037],{},[39,94180,94182],{"className":41,"code":94181,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94183,94184,94198,94222,94236,94250,94254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94185,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94187,59697],{"class":108},[48,94189,91],{"class":84},[48,94191,578],{"class":488},[48,94193,365],{"class":84},[48,94195,549],{"class":488},[48,94197,102],{"class":84},[48,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94201,3605],{"class":84},[48,94203,578],{"class":488},[48,94205,365],{"class":84},[48,94207,5204],{"class":488},[48,94209,365],{"class":84},[48,94211,489],{"class":488},[48,94213,365],{"class":84},[48,94215,2152],{"class":488},[48,94217,365],{"class":84},[48,94219,878],{"class":488},[48,94221,3339],{"class":84},[48,94223,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94225,2990],{"class":58},[48,94227,2993],{"class":1767},[48,94229,2996],{"class":62},[48,94231,59697],{"class":66},[48,94233,3001],{"class":62},[48,94235,3004],{"class":58},[48,94237,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,94239,2990],{"class":58},[48,94241,2993],{"class":1767},[48,94243,2996],{"class":62},[48,94245,7804],{"class":66},[48,94247,3001],{"class":62},[48,94249,3004],{"class":58},[48,94251,94252],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,94253,3685],{"class":3556},[48,94255,94256],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,94257,2645],{"class":488},[34,94259,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,94261,14618,94263,94265],{"id":94262},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94264,35908],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94267,46071,94268,94270],{},[15,94269,35908],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1200,94272,94274,94275,10804,94277,1564],{"id":94273},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94276,35908],{},[15,94278,92763],{},[20,94280,94281,94283,94284,94286],{},[15,94282,35908],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94285,92763],{}," creates a full list.",[1200,94288,94290],{"id":94289},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94292,94293],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94295,182],{},[39,94297,94299],{"className":41,"code":94298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94300,94301,94315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94302,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311,94313],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94304,92902],{"class":54},[48,94306,59],{"class":58},[48,94308,53769],{"class":108},[48,94310,91],{"class":84},[48,94312,1837],{"class":488},[48,94314,102],{"class":84},[48,94316,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94318,109],{"class":108},[48,94320,91],{"class":84},[48,94322,60202],{"class":87},[48,94324,3605],{"class":84},[48,94326,272],{"class":488},[48,94328,3593],{"class":84},[20,94330,1037],{},[39,94332,94333],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,94334,94335],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94336,94337],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94338,46623],{"class":488},[1200,94340,4865,94342,94344],{"id":94341},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94343,94042],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94346,94347,94348,94351],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94349,94350],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1200,94353,94355,94356,94358],{"id":94354},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94357,35908],{}," to a list?",[20,94360,94361],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[34,94363,1599],{"id":1598},[162,94365,94366,94372,94378,94385,94391],{},[165,94367,94368],{},[224,94369,3277,94370,3210],{"href":92747},[15,94371,35908],{},[165,94373,94374],{},[224,94375,3277,94376,3210],{"href":64541},[15,94377,24497],{},[165,94379,94380],{},[224,94381,3277,94382,94384],{"href":93200},[15,94383,5665],{}," loops explained",[165,94386,94387],{},[224,94388,37229,94389,36319],{"href":93566},[15,94390,35461],{},[165,94392,94393],{},[224,94394,25838,94395],{"href":35131},[15,94396,33968],{},[1633,94398,94399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":94401},[94402,94403,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94413,94414,94415,94426],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":92866,"depth":73,"text":92867},{"id":93098,"depth":73,"text":94405},"What range() gives you",{"id":93311,"depth":73,"text":94407},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93436,"depth":73,"text":94409},"When to use range()",{"id":93571,"depth":73,"text":94411},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15311,"depth":73,"text":15312},{"id":93890,"depth":73,"text":93891},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":94416},[94417,94419,94421,94422,94424],{"id":94262,"depth":105,"text":94418},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94273,"depth":105,"text":94420},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94289,"depth":105,"text":94290},{"id":94341,"depth":105,"text":94423},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94354,"depth":105,"text":94425},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92753,"description":94427},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94434,"title":94435,"body":94436,"description":95872,"extension":1666,"meta":95873,"navigation":122,"path":95874,"seo":95875,"stem":95876,"__hash__":95877},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94437,"toc":95838},[94438,94444,94449,94452,94466,94469,94471,94510,94512,94525,94533,94538,94554,94557,94559,94561,94582,94599,94602,94661,94663,94682,94687,94693,94696,94730,94732,94745,94748,94793,94795,94818,94825,94831,94834,94875,94877,94891,94894,94952,94954,94969,94982,94988,94994,95059,95061,95080,95082,95100,95103,95107,95113,95115,95148,95150,95163,95173,95176,95237,95239,95260,95263,95265,95281,95286,95290,95295,95300,95356,95358,95376,95379,95424,95426,95434,95439,95443,95457,95459,95491,95493,95502,95504,95508,95517,95520,95552,95554,95566,95569,95573,95578,95619,95621,95629,95632,95655,95659,95661,95670,95673,95726,95728,95737,95741,95746,95757,95759,95768,95771,95777,95780,95786,95796,95804,95811,95813,95835],[10,94439,3277,94441,3281],{"id":94440},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94442,94443],{},"round()",[20,94445,8834,94446,94448],{},[15,94447,94443],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94450,94451],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[162,94453,94454,94460],{},[165,94455,94456,94459],{},[15,94457,94458],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[165,94461,94462,94465],{},[15,94463,94464],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94467,94468],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[34,94470,37],{"id":36},[39,94472,94474],{"className":41,"code":94473,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94475,94476,94492],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94477,94478,94480,94482,94485,94487,94490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94479,109],{"class":108},[48,94481,91],{"class":84},[48,94483,94484],{"class":108},"round",[48,94486,91],{"class":84},[48,94488,94489],{"class":488},"3.14159",[48,94491,1034],{"class":84},[48,94493,94494,94496,94498,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94495,109],{"class":108},[48,94497,91],{"class":84},[48,94499,94484],{"class":108},[48,94501,91],{"class":84},[48,94503,94489],{"class":488},[48,94505,365],{"class":84},[48,94507,489],{"class":488},[48,94509,1034],{"class":84},[20,94511,1037],{},[39,94513,94515],{"className":41,"code":94514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94516,94517,94521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94518,94519],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94520,46323],{"class":488},[48,94522,94523],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94524,39887],{"class":488},[20,94526,139,94527,94529,94530,94532],{},[15,94528,94458],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94531,94464],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[34,94534,148,94536,152],{"id":94535},"what-round-does",[15,94537,94443],{},[162,94539,94540,94545,94548,94551],{},[165,94541,94542,94544],{},[15,94543,94443],{}," is a built-in Python function",[165,94546,94547],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[165,94549,94550],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[165,94552,94553],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94555,94556],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[34,94558,340],{"id":339},[20,94560,343],{},[39,94562,94564],{"className":41,"code":94563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94565,94566],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94577,94580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94569,94484],{"class":108},[48,94571,91],{"class":84},[48,94573,1939],{"class":87},[48,94575,94576],{"class":84},"[,",[48,94578,94579],{"class":87}," ndigits",[48,94581,3593],{"class":84},[162,94583,94584,94589,94594],{},[165,94585,94586,94588],{},[15,94587,1939],{}," is the value to round",[165,94590,94591,19756],{},[15,94592,94593],{},"ndigits",[165,94595,94596,94598],{},[15,94597,94593],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94600,94601],{},"Basic examples:",[39,94603,94605],{"className":41,"code":94604,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94606,94607,94622,94640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94608,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94620],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94610,109],{"class":108},[48,94612,91],{"class":84},[48,94614,94484],{"class":108},[48,94616,91],{"class":84},[48,94618,94619],{"class":488},"7.8",[48,94621,1034],{"class":84},[48,94623,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634,94636,94638],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94625,109],{"class":108},[48,94627,91],{"class":84},[48,94629,94484],{"class":108},[48,94631,91],{"class":84},[48,94633,94619],{"class":488},[48,94635,365],{"class":84},[48,94637,5204],{"class":488},[48,94639,1034],{"class":84},[48,94641,94642,94644,94646,94648,94650,94653,94655,94657,94659],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94643,109],{"class":108},[48,94645,91],{"class":84},[48,94647,94484],{"class":108},[48,94649,91],{"class":84},[48,94651,94652],{"class":488},"1234",[48,94654,365],{"class":84},[48,94656,1921],{"class":58},[48,94658,280],{"class":488},[48,94660,1034],{"class":84},[20,94662,1037],{},[39,94664,94666],{"className":41,"code":94665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94667,94668,94672,94677],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94669,94670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94671,2082],{"class":488},[48,94673,94674],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94675,94676],{"class":488},"7.8\n",[48,94678,94679],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94680,94681],{"class":488},"1200\n",[20,94683,94684,94685,32],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[224,94686,2120],{"href":2119},[34,94688,758,94690,94692],{"id":94689},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94691,94443],{}," with one argument",[20,94694,94695],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[39,94697,94699],{"className":41,"code":94698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94700,94701,94715],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94702,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94704,109],{"class":108},[48,94706,91],{"class":84},[48,94708,94484],{"class":108},[48,94710,91],{"class":84},[48,94712,2063],{"class":488},[48,94714,1034],{"class":84},[48,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94728],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94718,109],{"class":108},[48,94720,91],{"class":84},[48,94722,94484],{"class":108},[48,94724,91],{"class":84},[48,94726,94727],{"class":488},"4.8",[48,94729,1034],{"class":84},[20,94731,1037],{},[39,94733,94735],{"className":41,"code":94734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4\n5\n",[15,94736,94737,94741],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94738,94739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94740,48357],{"class":488},[48,94742,94743],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94744,2645],{"class":488},[20,94746,94747],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[39,94749,94751],{"className":41,"code":94750,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94752,94753,94769,94779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94754,94755,94757,94759,94762,94764,94767],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94756,1929],{"class":54},[48,94758,59],{"class":58},[48,94760,94761],{"class":108}," round",[48,94763,91],{"class":84},[48,94765,94766],{"class":488},"10.2",[48,94768,102],{"class":84},[48,94770,94771,94773,94775,94777],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94772,109],{"class":108},[48,94774,91],{"class":84},[48,94776,1964],{"class":87},[48,94778,102],{"class":84},[48,94780,94781,94783,94785,94787,94789,94791],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94782,109],{"class":108},[48,94784,91],{"class":84},[48,94786,2921],{"class":1047},[48,94788,91],{"class":84},[48,94790,1964],{"class":87},[48,94792,1034],{"class":84},[20,94794,1037],{},[39,94796,94798],{"className":41,"code":94797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94799,94800,94804],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94801,94802],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94803,2077],{"class":488},[48,94805,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94807,2990],{"class":58},[48,94809,2993],{"class":1767},[48,94811,2996],{"class":62},[48,94813,1887],{"class":66},[48,94815,3001],{"class":62},[48,94817,3004],{"class":58},[20,94819,94820,94821,32],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[224,94822,3277,94823,3210],{"href":2573},[15,94824,2576],{},[34,94826,758,94828,94830],{"id":94827},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94829,94443],{}," with decimal places",[20,94832,94833],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[39,94835,94837],{"className":41,"code":94836,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94838,94839,94857],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94840,94841,94843,94845,94847,94849,94851,94853,94855],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94842,109],{"class":108},[48,94844,91],{"class":84},[48,94846,94484],{"class":108},[48,94848,91],{"class":84},[48,94850,94489],{"class":488},[48,94852,365],{"class":84},[48,94854,489],{"class":488},[48,94856,1034],{"class":84},[48,94858,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94860,109],{"class":108},[48,94862,91],{"class":84},[48,94864,94484],{"class":108},[48,94866,91],{"class":84},[48,94868,94489],{"class":488},[48,94870,365],{"class":84},[48,94872,2152],{"class":488},[48,94874,1034],{"class":84},[20,94876,1037],{},[39,94878,94880],{"className":41,"code":94879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94881,94882,94886],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94883,94884],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94885,39887],{"class":488},[48,94887,94888],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94889,94890],{"class":488},"3.142\n",[20,94892,94893],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[39,94895,94897],{"className":41,"code":94896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94898,94899,94908,94927,94931,94941],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94900,94901,94903,94905],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94902,40097],{"class":54},[48,94904,59],{"class":58},[48,94906,94907],{"class":488}," 19.9876\n",[48,94909,94910,94913,94915,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94911,94912],{"class":54},"rounded_price ",[48,94914,59],{"class":58},[48,94916,94761],{"class":108},[48,94918,91],{"class":84},[48,94920,24866],{"class":87},[48,94922,365],{"class":84},[48,94924,489],{"class":488},[48,94926,102],{"class":84},[48,94928,94929],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,94930,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,94932,94933,94935,94937,94939],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,94934,109],{"class":108},[48,94936,91],{"class":84},[48,94938,24866],{"class":87},[48,94940,102],{"class":84},[48,94942,94943,94945,94947,94950],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,94944,109],{"class":108},[48,94946,91],{"class":84},[48,94948,94949],{"class":87},"rounded_price",[48,94951,102],{"class":84},[20,94953,1037],{},[39,94955,94957],{"className":41,"code":94956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94958,94959,94964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,94960,94961],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,94962,94963],{"class":488},"19.9876\n",[48,94965,94966],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,94967,94968],{"class":488},"19.99\n",[20,94970,94971,94972,94975,94976,1358,94978,32],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94973,94974],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[224,94977,40601],{"href":40600},[224,94979,3277,94980,3210],{"href":2579},[15,94981,2582],{},[34,94983,94985,94986],{"id":94984},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94987,94593],{},[20,94989,94990,94991,94993],{},"A negative ",[15,94992,94593],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[39,94995,94997],{"className":41,"code":94996,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94998,94999,95019,95039],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95000,95001,95003,95005,95007,95009,95011,95013,95015,95017],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95002,109],{"class":108},[48,95004,91],{"class":84},[48,95006,94484],{"class":108},[48,95008,91],{"class":84},[48,95010,94652],{"class":488},[48,95012,365],{"class":84},[48,95014,1921],{"class":58},[48,95016,272],{"class":488},[48,95018,1034],{"class":84},[48,95020,95021,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95022,109],{"class":108},[48,95024,91],{"class":84},[48,95026,94484],{"class":108},[48,95028,91],{"class":84},[48,95030,94652],{"class":488},[48,95032,365],{"class":84},[48,95034,1921],{"class":58},[48,95036,280],{"class":488},[48,95038,1034],{"class":84},[48,95040,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053,95055,95057],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95042,109],{"class":108},[48,95044,91],{"class":84},[48,95046,94484],{"class":108},[48,95048,91],{"class":84},[48,95050,94652],{"class":488},[48,95052,365],{"class":84},[48,95054,1921],{"class":58},[48,95056,1764],{"class":488},[48,95058,1034],{"class":84},[20,95060,1037],{},[39,95062,95064],{"className":41,"code":95063,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95065,95066,95071,95075],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95067,95068],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95069,95070],{"class":488},"1230\n",[48,95072,95073],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95074,94681],{"class":488},[48,95076,95077],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95078,95079],{"class":488},"1000\n",[20,95081,65274],{},[162,95083,95084,95089,95095],{},[165,95085,95086,95088],{},[15,95087,1071],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[165,95090,95091,95094],{},[15,95092,95093],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[165,95096,95097,95099],{},[15,95098,47377],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95101,95102],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[34,95104,95106],{"id":95105},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95108,95109,95110,32],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95111,95112],{},".5",[20,95114,5178],{},[39,95116,95118],{"className":41,"code":95117,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95119,95120,95134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95121,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130,95132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95123,109],{"class":108},[48,95125,91],{"class":84},[48,95127,94484],{"class":108},[48,95129,91],{"class":84},[48,95131,40868],{"class":488},[48,95133,1034],{"class":84},[48,95135,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95137,109],{"class":108},[48,95139,91],{"class":84},[48,95141,94484],{"class":108},[48,95143,91],{"class":84},[48,95145,1742],{"class":488},[48,95147,1034],{"class":84},[20,95149,1037],{},[39,95151,95153],{"className":41,"code":95152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n4\n",[15,95154,95155,95159],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95156,95157],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95158,16773],{"class":488},[48,95160,95161],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95162,48357],{"class":488},[20,95164,95165,95166,95169,95170,95172],{},"Python uses ",[565,95167,95168],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95171,95112],{}," situations.",[20,95174,95175],{},"More examples:",[39,95177,95179],{"className":41,"code":95178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95180,95181,95195,95209,95223],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95182,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95184,109],{"class":108},[48,95186,91],{"class":84},[48,95188,94484],{"class":108},[48,95190,91],{"class":84},[48,95192,40881],{"class":488},[48,95194,1034],{"class":84},[48,95196,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205,95207],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95198,109],{"class":108},[48,95200,91],{"class":84},[48,95202,94484],{"class":108},[48,95204,91],{"class":84},[48,95206,40868],{"class":488},[48,95208,1034],{"class":84},[48,95210,95211,95213,95215,95217,95219,95221],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95212,109],{"class":108},[48,95214,91],{"class":84},[48,95216,94484],{"class":108},[48,95218,91],{"class":84},[48,95220,1742],{"class":488},[48,95222,1034],{"class":84},[48,95224,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233,95235],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95226,109],{"class":108},[48,95228,91],{"class":84},[48,95230,94484],{"class":108},[48,95232,91],{"class":84},[48,95234,40833],{"class":488},[48,95236,1034],{"class":84},[20,95238,1037],{},[39,95240,95242],{"className":41,"code":95241,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95243,95244,95248,95252,95256],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95245,95246],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95247,16773],{"class":488},[48,95249,95250],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95251,16773],{"class":488},[48,95253,95254],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95255,48357],{"class":488},[48,95257,95258],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95259,48357],{"class":488},[20,95261,95262],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95264,10425],{},[162,95266,95267,95274],{},[165,95268,95269,1834,95272],{},[15,95270,95271],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95273,280],{},[165,95275,95276,1834,95279],{},[15,95277,95278],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95280,907],{},[20,95282,2868,95283,95285],{},[15,95284,95112],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[34,95287,95289],{"id":95288},"return-values","Return values",[20,95291,95292,95294],{},[15,95293,94443],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95296,40615,95297,95299],{},[565,95298,1055],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[39,95301,95303],{"className":41,"code":95302,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95304,95305,95314,95318,95328,95346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95306,95307,95309,95311],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95308,2147],{"class":54},[48,95310,59],{"class":58},[48,95312,95313],{"class":488}," 3.14159\n",[48,95315,95316],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95317,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,95319,95320,95322,95324,95326],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95321,109],{"class":108},[48,95323,91],{"class":84},[48,95325,362],{"class":87},[48,95327,102],{"class":84},[48,95329,95330,95332,95334,95336,95338,95340,95342,95344],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95331,109],{"class":108},[48,95333,91],{"class":84},[48,95335,94484],{"class":108},[48,95337,91],{"class":84},[48,95339,362],{"class":87},[48,95341,365],{"class":84},[48,95343,489],{"class":488},[48,95345,1034],{"class":84},[48,95347,95348,95350,95352,95354],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,95349,109],{"class":108},[48,95351,91],{"class":84},[48,95353,362],{"class":87},[48,95355,102],{"class":84},[20,95357,1037],{},[39,95359,95361],{"className":41,"code":95360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95362,95363,95368,95372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95364,95365],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95366,95367],{"class":488},"3.14159\n",[48,95369,95370],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95371,39887],{"class":488},[48,95373,95374],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95375,95367],{"class":488},[20,95377,95378],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[39,95380,95382],{"className":41,"code":95381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95383,95384,95392,95410,95414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95385,95386,95388,95390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95387,2147],{"class":54},[48,95389,59],{"class":58},[48,95391,95313],{"class":488},[48,95393,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404,95406,95408],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95395,2147],{"class":54},[48,95397,59],{"class":58},[48,95399,94761],{"class":108},[48,95401,91],{"class":84},[48,95403,362],{"class":87},[48,95405,365],{"class":84},[48,95407,489],{"class":488},[48,95409,102],{"class":84},[48,95411,95412],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95413,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,95415,95416,95418,95420,95422],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95417,109],{"class":108},[48,95419,91],{"class":84},[48,95421,362],{"class":87},[48,95423,102],{"class":84},[20,95425,1037],{},[39,95427,95428],{"className":41,"code":39887,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,95429,95430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95431,95432],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95433,39887],{"class":488},[34,95435,4667,95437],{"id":95436},"when-to-use-round",[15,95438,94443],{},[20,95440,139,95441,6026],{},[15,95442,94443],{},[162,95444,95445,95448,95451,95454],{},[165,95446,95447],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[165,95449,95450],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[165,95452,95453],{},"Round values before reporting results",[165,95455,95456],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95458,5178],{},[39,95460,95462],{"className":41,"code":95461,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95463,95464,95473],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95465,95466,95468,95470],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95467,2295],{"class":54},[48,95469,59],{"class":58},[48,95471,95472],{"class":488}," 12.67891\n",[48,95474,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487,95489],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95476,109],{"class":108},[48,95478,91],{"class":84},[48,95480,94484],{"class":108},[48,95482,91],{"class":84},[48,95484,2318],{"class":87},[48,95486,365],{"class":84},[48,95488,489],{"class":488},[48,95490,1034],{"class":84},[20,95492,1037],{},[39,95494,95496],{"className":41,"code":95495,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"12.68\n",[15,95497,95498],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95499,95500],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95501,95495],{"class":488},[34,95503,1366],{"id":1365},[20,95505,22810,95506,32],{},[15,95507,94443],{},[1200,95509,1379,95511,95513,95514,95516],{"id":95510},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95512,94443],{}," to always round ",[15,95515,95112],{}," upward",[20,95518,95519],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[39,95521,95522],{"className":41,"code":95117,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,95523,95524,95538],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95525,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534,95536],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95527,109],{"class":108},[48,95529,91],{"class":84},[48,95531,94484],{"class":108},[48,95533,91],{"class":84},[48,95535,40868],{"class":488},[48,95537,1034],{"class":84},[48,95539,95540,95542,95544,95546,95548,95550],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95541,109],{"class":108},[48,95543,91],{"class":84},[48,95545,94484],{"class":108},[48,95547,91],{"class":84},[48,95549,1742],{"class":488},[48,95551,1034],{"class":84},[20,95553,1037],{},[39,95555,95556],{"className":41,"code":95152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,95557,95558,95562],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95559,95560],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95561,16773],{"class":488},[48,95563,95564],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95565,48357],{"class":488},[20,95567,95568],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1200,95570,95572],{"id":95571},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95574,95575,95577],{},[15,95576,94443],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[39,95579,95581],{"className":41,"code":95580,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95582,95583,95591,95605,95609],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95584,95585,95587,95589],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95586,2147],{"class":54},[48,95588,59],{"class":58},[48,95590,95313],{"class":488},[48,95592,95593,95595,95597,95599,95601,95603],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95594,94484],{"class":108},[48,95596,91],{"class":84},[48,95598,362],{"class":87},[48,95600,365],{"class":84},[48,95602,489],{"class":488},[48,95604,102],{"class":84},[48,95606,95607],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95608,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95612,109],{"class":108},[48,95614,91],{"class":84},[48,95616,362],{"class":87},[48,95618,102],{"class":84},[20,95620,1037],{},[39,95622,95623],{"className":41,"code":95367,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,95624,95625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95626,95627],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95628,95367],{"class":488},[20,95630,95631],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[39,95633,95635],{"className":41,"code":95634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95636,95637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95640,2147],{"class":54},[48,95642,59],{"class":58},[48,95644,94761],{"class":108},[48,95646,91],{"class":84},[48,95648,362],{"class":87},[48,95650,365],{"class":84},[48,95652,489],{"class":488},[48,95654,102],{"class":84},[1200,95656,95658],{"id":95657},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95660,16117],{},[39,95662,95664],{"className":41,"code":95663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95665,95666],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95667,95668],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95669,95663],{"class":129},[20,95671,95672],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[39,95674,95676],{"className":41,"code":95675,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95677,95678,95690,95704,95708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95679,95680,95682,95684,95686,95688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95681,55],{"class":54},[48,95683,59],{"class":58},[48,95685,63],{"class":62},[48,95687,39853],{"class":66},[48,95689,70],{"class":62},[48,95691,95692,95694,95696,95698,95700,95702],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95693,1916],{"class":54},[48,95695,59],{"class":58},[48,95697,39965],{"class":1047},[48,95699,91],{"class":84},[48,95701,213],{"class":87},[48,95703,102],{"class":84},[48,95705,95706],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95707,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,95709,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,95711,109],{"class":108},[48,95713,91],{"class":84},[48,95715,94484],{"class":108},[48,95717,91],{"class":84},[48,95719,1939],{"class":87},[48,95721,365],{"class":84},[48,95723,5204],{"class":488},[48,95725,1034],{"class":84},[20,95727,1037],{},[39,95729,95731],{"className":41,"code":95730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.1\n",[15,95732,95733],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95734,95735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95736,95730],{"class":488},[1200,95738,95740],{"id":95739},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95742,95743,95745],{},[15,95744,94443],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95747,95748,95749,1358,95753,32],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[224,95750,95751],{"href":2579},[15,95752,2582],{},[224,95754,95755],{"href":2573},[15,95756,2576],{},[34,95758,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,95760,12418,95762,95764,95765,95767],{"id":95761},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95763,94443],{}," always round ",[15,95766,39924],{}," up?",[20,95769,95770],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1200,95772,12418,95774,95776],{"id":95773},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95775,94443],{}," change the original number?",[20,95778,95779],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1200,95781,1579,95783,95785],{"id":95782},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95784,94443],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95787,95788,95789,95791,95792,1358,95794,32],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95790,94593],{}," value like ",[15,95793,1071],{},[15,95795,95093],{},[1200,95797,28044,95799,95801,95802,1564],{"id":95798},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95800,94443],{}," on a string like ",[15,95803,47801],{},[20,95805,95806,95807,1358,95809,32],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95808,2582],{},[15,95810,2576],{},[34,95812,1599],{"id":1598},[162,95814,95815,95821,95827,95831],{},[165,95816,95817],{},[224,95818,3277,95819,3210],{"href":2579},[15,95820,2582],{},[165,95822,95823],{},[224,95824,3277,95825,3210],{"href":2573},[15,95826,2576],{},[165,95828,95829],{},[224,95830,2120],{"href":2119},[165,95832,95833],{},[224,95834,41888],{"href":40600},[1633,95836,95837],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":95839},[95840,95841,95843,95844,95846,95848,95850,95851,95852,95854,95861,95871],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":94535,"depth":73,"text":95842},"What round() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":94689,"depth":73,"text":95845},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94827,"depth":73,"text":95847},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94984,"depth":73,"text":95849},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95105,"depth":73,"text":95106},{"id":95288,"depth":73,"text":95289},{"id":95436,"depth":73,"text":95853},"When to use round()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":95855},[95856,95858,95859,95860],{"id":95510,"depth":105,"text":95857},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95571,"depth":105,"text":95572},{"id":95657,"depth":105,"text":95658},{"id":95739,"depth":105,"text":95740},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":95862},[95863,95865,95867,95869],{"id":95761,"depth":105,"text":95864},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95773,"depth":105,"text":95866},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95782,"depth":105,"text":95868},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95798,"depth":105,"text":95870},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94435,"description":95872},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95879,"title":95880,"body":95881,"description":97066,"extension":1666,"meta":97067,"navigation":122,"path":97068,"seo":97069,"stem":97070,"__hash__":97071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95882,"toc":97040},[95883,95890,95896,95899,95901,95950,95954,95979,95984,95989,95994,96008,96019,96021,96040,96042,96058,96061,96072,96074,96076,96137,96141,96174,96181,96188,96191,96224,96227,96231,96234,96287,96291,96312,96318,96325,96332,96393,96401,96478,96482,96494,96503,96505,96511,96517,96521,96574,96577,96635,96639,96647,96650,96654,96657,96667,96669,96766,96769,96780,96783,96826,96830,96854,96857,96863,96865,96869,96894,96896,96963,96972,96974,96980,96985,96989,96992,96996,97003,97007,97012,97014,97031,97037],[10,95884,95886,95887,18],{"id":95885},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95888,95889],{},"add()",[20,95891,95892,95895],{},[15,95893,95894],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95897,95898],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[34,95900,37],{"id":36},[39,95902,95904],{"className":41,"code":95903,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95905,95906,95926,95940],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95907,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95909,3321],{"class":54},[48,95911,59],{"class":58},[48,95913,10203],{"class":84},[48,95915,272],{"class":488},[48,95917,365],{"class":84},[48,95919,489],{"class":488},[48,95921,365],{"class":84},[48,95923,2152],{"class":488},[48,95925,9021],{"class":84},[48,95927,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,95929,3353],{"class":54},[48,95931,32],{"class":84},[48,95933,81790],{"class":87},[48,95935,91],{"class":84},[48,95937,907],{"class":488},[48,95939,102],{"class":84},[48,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,95943,109],{"class":108},[48,95945,91],{"class":84},[48,95947,3353],{"class":87},[48,95949,102],{"class":84},[20,95951,95952],{},[565,95953,1037],{},[39,95955,95957],{"className":41,"code":95956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95958,95959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,95960,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,95962,8990],{"class":84},[48,95964,272],{"class":488},[48,95966,365],{"class":84},[48,95968,489],{"class":488},[48,95970,365],{"class":84},[48,95972,2152],{"class":488},[48,95974,365],{"class":84},[48,95976,878],{"class":488},[48,95978,9021],{"class":84},[20,95980,139,95981,95983],{},[15,95982,95889],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[34,95985,148,95987,152],{"id":95986},"what-setadd-does",[15,95988,95894],{},[20,95990,95991,95993],{},[15,95992,95894],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[162,95995,95996,95999,96002,96005],{},[165,95997,95998],{},"Adds one item to a set",[165,96000,96001],{},"Changes the original set in place",[165,96003,96004],{},"Does not return a new set",[165,96006,96007],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96009,96010,96011,1358,96015,32],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[224,96012,96014],{"href":96013},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[224,96016,96018],{"href":96017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[34,96020,340],{"id":339},[39,96022,96024],{"className":41,"code":96023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96025,96026],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96027,96028,96030,96032,96034,96036,96038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96029,15382],{"class":54},[48,96031,32],{"class":84},[48,96033,81790],{"class":87},[48,96035,91],{"class":84},[48,96037,23026],{"class":87},[48,96039,102],{"class":84},[20,96041,11170],{},[162,96043,96044,96049,96052],{},[165,96045,55608,96046,96048],{},[15,96047,95889],{}," on an existing set",[165,96050,96051],{},"Pass exactly one item",[165,96053,96054,96055],{},"The item must be ",[565,96056,96057],{},"hashable",[20,96059,96060],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[162,96062,96063,96065,96067,96070],{},[165,96064,56161],{},[165,96066,56164],{},[165,96068,96069],{},"Tuples",[165,96071,40305],{},[34,96073,11187],{"id":11186},[20,96075,11190],{},[39,96077,96079],{"className":41,"code":96078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96080,96081,96105,96123,96127],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96082,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96084,12789],{"class":54},[48,96086,59],{"class":58},[48,96088,10203],{"class":84},[48,96090,94],{"class":62},[48,96092,12806],{"class":66},[48,96094,94],{"class":62},[48,96096,365],{"class":84},[48,96098,63],{"class":62},[48,96100,12823],{"class":66},[48,96102,94],{"class":62},[48,96104,9021],{"class":84},[48,96106,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96108,17220],{"class":54},[48,96110,32],{"class":84},[48,96112,81790],{"class":87},[48,96114,91],{"class":84},[48,96116,94],{"class":62},[48,96118,17173],{"class":66},[48,96120,94],{"class":62},[48,96122,102],{"class":84},[48,96124,96125],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96126,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96128,96129,96131,96133,96135],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96130,109],{"class":108},[48,96132,91],{"class":84},[48,96134,17220],{"class":87},[48,96136,102],{"class":84},[20,96138,96139],{},[565,96140,29742],{},[39,96142,96144],{"className":41,"code":96143,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96145,96146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96147,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96149,8990],{"class":84},[48,96151,3001],{"class":62},[48,96153,12806],{"class":66},[48,96155,3001],{"class":62},[48,96157,365],{"class":84},[48,96159,2996],{"class":62},[48,96161,17173],{"class":66},[48,96163,3001],{"class":62},[48,96165,365],{"class":84},[48,96167,2996],{"class":62},[48,96169,12823],{"class":66},[48,96171,3001],{"class":62},[48,96173,9021],{"class":84},[20,96175,96176,96177,96180],{},"The new value ",[15,96178,96179],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96182,96183,96184,96187],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[565,96185,96186],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96189,96190],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[39,96192,96194],{"className":41,"code":96193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96195,96196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218,96220,96222],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96199,8990],{"class":84},[48,96201,3001],{"class":62},[48,96203,12823],{"class":66},[48,96205,3001],{"class":62},[48,96207,365],{"class":84},[48,96209,2996],{"class":62},[48,96211,12806],{"class":66},[48,96213,3001],{"class":62},[48,96215,365],{"class":84},[48,96217,2996],{"class":62},[48,96219,17173],{"class":66},[48,96221,3001],{"class":62},[48,96223,9021],{"class":84},[20,96225,96226],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[34,96228,96230],{"id":96229},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96232,96233],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[39,96235,96237],{"className":41,"code":96236,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96238,96239,96259,96273,96277],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96240,96241,96243,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96242,3321],{"class":54},[48,96244,59],{"class":58},[48,96246,10203],{"class":84},[48,96248,272],{"class":488},[48,96250,365],{"class":84},[48,96252,489],{"class":488},[48,96254,365],{"class":84},[48,96256,2152],{"class":488},[48,96258,9021],{"class":84},[48,96260,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96262,3353],{"class":54},[48,96264,32],{"class":84},[48,96266,81790],{"class":87},[48,96268,91],{"class":84},[48,96270,280],{"class":488},[48,96272,102],{"class":84},[48,96274,96275],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96276,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96278,96279,96281,96283,96285],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96280,109],{"class":108},[48,96282,91],{"class":84},[48,96284,3353],{"class":87},[48,96286,102],{"class":84},[20,96288,96289],{},[565,96290,1037],{},[39,96292,96294],{"className":41,"code":96293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96295,96296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96297,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96299,8990],{"class":84},[48,96301,272],{"class":488},[48,96303,365],{"class":84},[48,96305,489],{"class":488},[48,96307,365],{"class":84},[48,96309,2152],{"class":488},[48,96311,9021],{"class":84},[20,96313,96314,96315,96317],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96316,280],{}," was already present.",[34,96319,96321,1188,96323],{"id":96320},"add-vs-update",[15,96322,95889],{},[15,96324,14669],{},[20,96326,139,96327,96329,96330,32],{},[15,96328,95889],{}," when you want to add ",[565,96331,52357],{},[39,96333,96335],{"className":41,"code":96334,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96336,96337,96361,96379,96383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96340,35800],{"class":54},[48,96342,59],{"class":58},[48,96344,10203],{"class":84},[48,96346,94],{"class":62},[48,96348,224],{"class":66},[48,96350,94],{"class":62},[48,96352,365],{"class":84},[48,96354,63],{"class":62},[48,96356,4466],{"class":66},[48,96358,94],{"class":62},[48,96360,9021],{"class":84},[48,96362,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96364,35853],{"class":54},[48,96366,32],{"class":84},[48,96368,81790],{"class":87},[48,96370,91],{"class":84},[48,96372,94],{"class":62},[48,96374,632],{"class":66},[48,96376,94],{"class":62},[48,96378,102],{"class":84},[48,96380,96381],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96382,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96384,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96386,109],{"class":108},[48,96388,91],{"class":84},[48,96390,35853],{"class":87},[48,96392,102],{"class":84},[20,96394,139,96395,96329,96397,96400],{},[15,96396,14669],{},[565,96398,96399],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[39,96402,96404],{"className":41,"code":96403,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96405,96406,96430,96464,96468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96407,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424,96426,96428],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96409,35800],{"class":54},[48,96411,59],{"class":58},[48,96413,10203],{"class":84},[48,96415,94],{"class":62},[48,96417,224],{"class":66},[48,96419,94],{"class":62},[48,96421,365],{"class":84},[48,96423,63],{"class":62},[48,96425,4466],{"class":66},[48,96427,94],{"class":62},[48,96429,9021],{"class":84},[48,96431,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96433,35853],{"class":54},[48,96435,32],{"class":84},[48,96437,30175],{"class":87},[48,96439,2684],{"class":84},[48,96441,94],{"class":62},[48,96443,632],{"class":66},[48,96445,94],{"class":62},[48,96447,365],{"class":84},[48,96449,63],{"class":62},[48,96451,18485],{"class":66},[48,96453,94],{"class":62},[48,96455,365],{"class":84},[48,96457,63],{"class":62},[48,96459,1247],{"class":66},[48,96461,94],{"class":62},[48,96463,3593],{"class":84},[48,96465,96466],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96467,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96471,109],{"class":108},[48,96473,91],{"class":84},[48,96475,35853],{"class":87},[48,96477,102],{"class":84},[1200,96479,96481],{"id":96480},"key-difference","Key difference",[162,96483,96484,96489],{},[165,96485,96486,96488],{},[15,96487,95889],{}," adds one item",[165,96490,96491,96493],{},[15,96492,14669],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96495,96496,96497,32],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[224,96498,96500,96501,754],{"href":96499},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96502,14669],{},[34,96504,17136],{"id":17135},[20,96506,96507,1572,96509,32],{},[15,96508,95894],{},[15,96510,3483],{},[20,96512,96513,96514,96516],{},"That means you should ",[565,96515,1055],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1200,96518,96520],{"id":96519},"correct","Correct",[39,96522,96524],{"className":41,"code":96523,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96525,96526,96546,96560,96564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96527,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96529,15344],{"class":54},[48,96531,59],{"class":58},[48,96533,10203],{"class":84},[48,96535,272],{"class":488},[48,96537,365],{"class":84},[48,96539,489],{"class":488},[48,96541,365],{"class":84},[48,96543,2152],{"class":488},[48,96545,9021],{"class":84},[48,96547,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96549,15382],{"class":54},[48,96551,32],{"class":84},[48,96553,81790],{"class":87},[48,96555,91],{"class":84},[48,96557,907],{"class":488},[48,96559,102],{"class":84},[48,96561,96562],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96563,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96565,96566,96568,96570,96572],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96567,109],{"class":108},[48,96569,91],{"class":84},[48,96571,15382],{"class":87},[48,96573,102],{"class":84},[1200,96575,96576],{"id":61464},"Wrong",[39,96578,96580],{"className":41,"code":96579,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96581,96582,96602,96621,96625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96583,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596,96598,96600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96585,15344],{"class":54},[48,96587,59],{"class":58},[48,96589,10203],{"class":84},[48,96591,272],{"class":488},[48,96593,365],{"class":84},[48,96595,489],{"class":488},[48,96597,365],{"class":84},[48,96599,2152],{"class":488},[48,96601,9021],{"class":84},[48,96603,96604,96606,96608,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96605,15344],{"class":54},[48,96607,59],{"class":58},[48,96609,96610],{"class":54}," my_set",[48,96612,32],{"class":84},[48,96614,81790],{"class":87},[48,96616,91],{"class":84},[48,96618,907],{"class":488},[48,96620,102],{"class":84},[48,96622,96623],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96624,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96626,96627,96629,96631,96633],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96628,109],{"class":108},[48,96630,91],{"class":84},[48,96632,15382],{"class":87},[48,96634,102],{"class":84},[20,96636,96637],{},[565,96638,1037],{},[39,96640,96641],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,96642,96643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96644,96645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96646,11521],{"class":3556},[20,96648,96649],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[34,96651,96653],{"id":96652},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96655,96656],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[162,96658,96659,96661,96663,96665],{},[165,96660,56161],{},[165,96662,56164],{},[165,96664,96069],{},[165,96666,40305],{},[20,96668,182],{},[39,96670,96672],{"className":41,"code":96671,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96673,96674,96684,96688,96702,96720,96738,96752,96756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96675,96676,96678,96680,96682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96677,7489],{"class":54},[48,96679,59],{"class":58},[48,96681,15349],{"class":1047},[48,96683,8353],{"class":84},[48,96685,96686],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96687,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96689,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96691,7520],{"class":54},[48,96693,32],{"class":84},[48,96695,81790],{"class":87},[48,96697,91],{"class":84},[48,96699,2031],{"class":488},[48,96701,102],{"class":84},[48,96703,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714,96716,96718],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96705,7520],{"class":54},[48,96707,32],{"class":84},[48,96709,81790],{"class":87},[48,96711,91],{"class":84},[48,96713,94],{"class":62},[48,96715,1008],{"class":66},[48,96717,94],{"class":62},[48,96719,102],{"class":84},[48,96721,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,96723,7520],{"class":54},[48,96725,32],{"class":84},[48,96727,81790],{"class":87},[48,96729,5217],{"class":84},[48,96731,272],{"class":488},[48,96733,365],{"class":84},[48,96735,489],{"class":488},[48,96737,1034],{"class":84},[48,96739,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,96741,7520],{"class":54},[48,96743,32],{"class":84},[48,96745,81790],{"class":87},[48,96747,91],{"class":84},[48,96749,3306],{"class":3556},[48,96751,102],{"class":84},[48,96753,96754],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,96755,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,96757,96758,96760,96762,96764],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,96759,109],{"class":108},[48,96761,91],{"class":84},[48,96763,7520],{"class":87},[48,96765,102],{"class":84},[20,96767,96768],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[162,96770,96771,96774,96777],{},[165,96772,96773],{},"Lists",[165,96775,96776],{},"Dictionaries",[165,96778,96779],{},"Sets",[20,96781,96782],{},"Example that causes an error:",[39,96784,96786],{"className":41,"code":96785,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96787,96788,96808],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96789,96790,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96791,7489],{"class":54},[48,96793,59],{"class":58},[48,96795,10203],{"class":84},[48,96797,272],{"class":488},[48,96799,365],{"class":84},[48,96801,489],{"class":488},[48,96803,365],{"class":84},[48,96805,2152],{"class":488},[48,96807,9021],{"class":84},[48,96809,96810,96812,96814,96816,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96811,7520],{"class":54},[48,96813,32],{"class":84},[48,96815,81790],{"class":87},[48,96817,2684],{"class":84},[48,96819,907],{"class":488},[48,96821,365],{"class":84},[48,96823,549],{"class":488},[48,96825,3593],{"class":84},[20,96827,96828],{},[565,96829,29396],{},[39,96831,96833],{"className":41,"code":96832,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96834,96835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96836,96837,96839,96841,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96838,2703],{"class":1047},[48,96840,503],{"class":84},[48,96842,96843],{"class":54}," unhashable ",[48,96845,2921],{"class":1047},[48,96847,503],{"class":84},[48,96849,2996],{"class":62},[48,96851,7804],{"class":66},[48,96853,29415],{"class":62},[20,96855,96856],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96858,96859,96860,32],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96861,96862],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[34,96864,1366],{"id":1365},[20,96866,14448,96867,503],{},[15,96868,95894],{},[162,96870,96871,96876,96881,96884,96891],{},[165,96872,758,96873,96875],{},[15,96874,95889],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[165,96877,1379,96878,96880],{},[15,96879,95889],{}," to return the updated set",[165,96882,96883],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[165,96885,36914,96886,96888,96889],{},[15,96887,95894],{}," with list ",[15,96890,52353],{},[165,96892,96893],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96895,71192],{},[39,96897,96899],{"className":41,"code":96898,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96900,96901,96911,96925,96935,96949],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,96902,96903,96905,96907,96909],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,96904,109],{"class":108},[48,96906,91],{"class":84},[48,96908,15382],{"class":87},[48,96910,102],{"class":84},[48,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,96914,109],{"class":108},[48,96916,91],{"class":84},[48,96918,2921],{"class":1047},[48,96920,91],{"class":84},[48,96922,15382],{"class":87},[48,96924,1034],{"class":84},[48,96926,96927,96929,96931,96933],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,96928,109],{"class":108},[48,96930,91],{"class":84},[48,96932,362],{"class":87},[48,96934,102],{"class":84},[48,96936,96937,96939,96941,96943,96945,96947],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,96938,109],{"class":108},[48,96940,91],{"class":84},[48,96942,2921],{"class":1047},[48,96944,91],{"class":84},[48,96946,362],{"class":87},[48,96948,1034],{"class":84},[48,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959,96961],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,96952,31864],{"class":108},[48,96954,91],{"class":84},[48,96956,5995],{"class":1047},[48,96958,32],{"class":84},[48,96960,81790],{"class":24466},[48,96962,102],{"class":84},[20,96964,96965,96966,96968,96969,32],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96967,95894],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[224,96970,52749],{"href":96971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[34,96973,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,96975,12418,96977,96979],{"id":96976},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96978,95894],{}," return a new set?",[20,96981,96982,96983,32],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96984,3483],{},[1200,96986,96988],{"id":96987},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96990,96991],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1200,96993,96995],{"id":96994},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96997,139,96998,10804,97001,32],{},[15,96999,97000],{},"set.update()",[15,97002,95889],{},[1200,97004,97006],{"id":97005},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97008,97009,97010,32],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97011,2703],{},[34,97013,1599],{"id":1598},[162,97015,97016,97020,97025],{},[165,97017,97018],{},[224,97019,96014],{"href":96013},[165,97021,97022],{},[224,97023,97024],{"href":96017},"How to create a set in Python",[165,97026,97027],{},[224,97028,96500,97029,754],{"href":96499},[15,97030,14669],{},[20,97032,97033,97034,97036],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97035,95889],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1633,97038,97039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":97041},[97042,97043,97045,97046,97047,97048,97052,97056,97057,97058,97065],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":95986,"depth":73,"text":97044},"What set.add() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":96229,"depth":73,"text":96230},{"id":96320,"depth":73,"text":97049,"children":97050},"add() vs update()",[97051],{"id":96480,"depth":105,"text":96481},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136,"children":97053},[97054,97055],{"id":96519,"depth":105,"text":96520},{"id":61464,"depth":105,"text":96576},{"id":96652,"depth":73,"text":96653},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":97059},[97060,97062,97063,97064],{"id":96976,"depth":105,"text":97061},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96987,"depth":105,"text":96988},{"id":96994,"depth":105,"text":96995},{"id":97005,"depth":105,"text":97006},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95880,"description":97066},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97073,"title":97074,"body":97075,"description":98244,"extension":1666,"meta":98245,"navigation":122,"path":98246,"seo":98247,"stem":98248,"__hash__":98249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97076,"toc":98211},[97077,97082,97088,97095,97140,97142,97153,97158,97163,97167,97181,97186,97188,97190,97205,97207,97221,97223,97225,97290,97292,97302,97304,97322,97328,97335,97340,97414,97416,97433,97439,97444,97515,97517,97544,97561,97564,97570,97572,97579,97583,97650,97652,97667,97670,97723,97725,97733,97745,97747,97751,97756,97758,97807,97809,97817,97819,97864,97866,97876,97882,97890,97903,97909,97911,97940,97942,97960,97964,97967,97998,98000,98018,98022,98097,98099,98115,98122,98124,98129,98134,98140,98143,98147,98155,98162,98170,98172,98208],[10,97078,95886,97080,18],{"id":97079},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97081,11034],{},[20,97083,97084,97087],{},[15,97085,97086],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97089,97090,97091,97094],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[565,97092,97093],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[39,97096,97098],{"className":41,"code":97097,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97099,97100,97120,97130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97101,97102,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97103,3321],{"class":54},[48,97105,59],{"class":58},[48,97107,10203],{"class":84},[48,97109,272],{"class":488},[48,97111,365],{"class":84},[48,97113,489],{"class":488},[48,97115,365],{"class":84},[48,97117,2152],{"class":488},[48,97119,9021],{"class":84},[48,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97123,3353],{"class":54},[48,97125,32],{"class":84},[48,97127,11095],{"class":87},[48,97129,8353],{"class":84},[48,97131,97132,97134,97136,97138],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97133,109],{"class":108},[48,97135,91],{"class":84},[48,97137,3353],{"class":87},[48,97139,102],{"class":84},[20,97141,1037],{},[39,97143,97145],{"className":41,"code":97144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n",[15,97146,97147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97148,97149,97151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97150,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97152,8353],{"class":84},[20,97154,97155,97157],{},[15,97156,11034],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[34,97159,148,97161,152],{"id":97160},"what-setclear-does",[15,97162,97086],{},[20,97164,765,97165,11125],{},[15,97166,11034],{},[162,97168,97169,97172,97174,97178],{},[165,97170,97171],{},"Removes every item from a set",[165,97173,96001],{},[165,97175,1270,97176],{},[15,97177,3483],{},[165,97179,97180],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97182,96010,97183,71291],{},[224,97184,96014],{"href":97185},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[34,97187,340],{"id":339},[20,97189,54146],{},[39,97191,97193],{"className":41,"code":97192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97194,97195],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97196,97197,97199,97201,97203],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97198,15382],{"class":54},[48,97200,32],{"class":84},[48,97202,11095],{"class":87},[48,97204,8353],{"class":84},[20,97206,160],{},[162,97208,97209,97212,97215,97218],{},[165,97210,97211],{},"It takes no arguments",[165,97213,97214],{},"It empties the set",[165,97216,97217],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[165,97219,97220],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[34,97222,11187],{"id":11186},[20,97224,11190],{},[39,97226,97228],{"className":41,"code":97227,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97229,97230,97262,97266,97276,97280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97231,97232,97234,97236,97238,97240,97242,97244,97246,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97233,12789],{"class":54},[48,97235,59],{"class":58},[48,97237,10203],{"class":84},[48,97239,94],{"class":62},[48,97241,12806],{"class":66},[48,97243,94],{"class":62},[48,97245,365],{"class":84},[48,97247,63],{"class":62},[48,97249,17173],{"class":66},[48,97251,94],{"class":62},[48,97253,365],{"class":84},[48,97255,63],{"class":62},[48,97257,12823],{"class":66},[48,97259,94],{"class":62},[48,97261,9021],{"class":84},[48,97263,97264],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97265,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97267,97268,97270,97272,97274],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97269,17220],{"class":54},[48,97271,32],{"class":84},[48,97273,11095],{"class":87},[48,97275,8353],{"class":84},[48,97277,97278],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,97279,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97281,97282,97284,97286,97288],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,97283,109],{"class":108},[48,97285,91],{"class":84},[48,97287,17220],{"class":87},[48,97289,102],{"class":84},[20,97291,1037],{},[39,97293,97294],{"className":41,"code":97144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97295,97296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97297,97298,97300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97299,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97301,8353],{"class":84},[20,97303,11396],{},[162,97305,97306,97311,97316],{},[165,97307,97308,97310],{},[15,97309,17220],{}," starts with three values",[165,97312,97313,11409],{},[15,97314,97315],{},"colors.clear()",[165,97317,97318,97319,97321],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97320,3502],{},", which means an empty set",[34,97323,97325,97327],{"id":97324},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97326,11034],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97329,97330,500,97332,97334],{},[15,97331,11034],{},[15,97333,3502],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1200,97336,758,97338],{"id":97337},"using-clear",[15,97339,11034],{},[39,97341,97343],{"className":41,"code":97342,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97344,97345,97365,97375,97379,97389,97393,97403],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97346,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97348,7489],{"class":54},[48,97350,59],{"class":58},[48,97352,10203],{"class":84},[48,97354,272],{"class":488},[48,97356,365],{"class":84},[48,97358,489],{"class":488},[48,97360,365],{"class":84},[48,97362,2152],{"class":488},[48,97364,9021],{"class":84},[48,97366,97367,97370,97372],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97368,97369],{"class":54},"other_name ",[48,97371,59],{"class":58},[48,97373,97374],{"class":54}," items\n",[48,97376,97377],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97378,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97380,97381,97383,97385,97387],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,97382,7520],{"class":54},[48,97384,32],{"class":84},[48,97386,11095],{"class":87},[48,97388,8353],{"class":84},[48,97390,97391],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,97392,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97394,97395,97397,97399,97401],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,97396,109],{"class":108},[48,97398,91],{"class":84},[48,97400,7520],{"class":87},[48,97402,102],{"class":84},[48,97404,97405,97407,97409,97412],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,97406,109],{"class":108},[48,97408,91],{"class":84},[48,97410,97411],{"class":87},"other_name",[48,97413,102],{"class":84},[20,97415,1037],{},[39,97417,97419],{"className":41,"code":97418,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97420,97421,97427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97422,97423,97425],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97424,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97426,8353],{"class":84},[48,97428,97429,97431],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97430,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97432,8353],{"class":84},[20,97434,97435,97436,32],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[565,97437,97438],{},"same set object",[1200,97440,758,97442],{"id":97441},"using-set",[15,97443,3502],{},[39,97445,97447],{"className":41,"code":97446,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97448,97449,97469,97477,97481,97491,97495,97505],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97450,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459,97461,97463,97465,97467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97452,7489],{"class":54},[48,97454,59],{"class":58},[48,97456,10203],{"class":84},[48,97458,272],{"class":488},[48,97460,365],{"class":84},[48,97462,489],{"class":488},[48,97464,365],{"class":84},[48,97466,2152],{"class":488},[48,97468,9021],{"class":84},[48,97470,97471,97473,97475],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97472,97369],{"class":54},[48,97474,59],{"class":58},[48,97476,97374],{"class":54},[48,97478,97479],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97480,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,97484,7489],{"class":54},[48,97486,59],{"class":58},[48,97488,15349],{"class":1047},[48,97490,8353],{"class":84},[48,97492,97493],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,97494,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97496,97497,97499,97501,97503],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,97498,109],{"class":108},[48,97500,91],{"class":84},[48,97502,7520],{"class":87},[48,97504,102],{"class":84},[48,97506,97507,97509,97511,97513],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,97508,109],{"class":108},[48,97510,91],{"class":84},[48,97512,97411],{"class":87},[48,97514,102],{"class":84},[20,97516,1037],{},[39,97518,97520],{"className":41,"code":97519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97521,97522,97528],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97523,97524,97526],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97525,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97527,8353],{"class":84},[48,97529,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97531,8990],{"class":84},[48,97533,272],{"class":488},[48,97535,365],{"class":84},[48,97537,489],{"class":488},[48,97539,365],{"class":84},[48,97541,2152],{"class":488},[48,97543,9021],{"class":84},[20,97545,20487,97546,92778,97549,97552,97553,32,97555,97557,97558,97560],{},[15,97547,97548],{},"items = set()",[565,97550,97551],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97554,7520],{},[9558,97556],{},"\nBut ",[15,97559,97411],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97562,97563],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97565,97566,97567,32],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[224,97568,96018],{"href":97569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[34,97571,17136],{"id":17135},[20,97573,97574,13768,97576,97578],{},[15,97575,11034],{},[565,97577,1055],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97580,4855,97581,32],{},[15,97582,3483],{},[39,97584,97586],{"className":41,"code":97585,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97587,97588,97608,97612,97626,97630,97640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97589,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600,97602,97604,97606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97591,3321],{"class":54},[48,97593,59],{"class":58},[48,97595,10203],{"class":84},[48,97597,272],{"class":488},[48,97599,365],{"class":84},[48,97601,489],{"class":488},[48,97603,365],{"class":84},[48,97605,2152],{"class":488},[48,97607,9021],{"class":84},[48,97609,97610],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97611,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97613,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97615,1929],{"class":54},[48,97617,59],{"class":58},[48,97619,3969],{"class":54},[48,97621,32],{"class":84},[48,97623,11095],{"class":87},[48,97625,8353],{"class":84},[48,97627,97628],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,97629,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97631,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,97633,109],{"class":108},[48,97635,91],{"class":84},[48,97637,1964],{"class":87},[48,97639,102],{"class":84},[48,97641,97642,97644,97646,97648],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,97643,109],{"class":108},[48,97645,91],{"class":84},[48,97647,3353],{"class":87},[48,97649,102],{"class":84},[20,97651,1037],{},[39,97653,97655],{"className":41,"code":97654,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"None\nset()\n",[15,97656,97657,97661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97658,97659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97660,11521],{"class":3556},[48,97662,97663,97665],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97664,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97666,8353],{"class":84},[20,97668,97669],{},"Do not do this:",[39,97671,97673],{"className":41,"code":97672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97674,97675,97695,97709,97713],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97676,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97678,3321],{"class":54},[48,97680,59],{"class":58},[48,97682,10203],{"class":84},[48,97684,272],{"class":488},[48,97686,365],{"class":84},[48,97688,489],{"class":488},[48,97690,365],{"class":84},[48,97692,2152],{"class":488},[48,97694,9021],{"class":84},[48,97696,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97698,3321],{"class":54},[48,97700,59],{"class":58},[48,97702,3969],{"class":54},[48,97704,32],{"class":84},[48,97706,11095],{"class":87},[48,97708,8353],{"class":84},[48,97710,97711],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97712,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,97714,97715,97717,97719,97721],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,97716,109],{"class":108},[48,97718,91],{"class":84},[48,97720,3353],{"class":87},[48,97722,102],{"class":84},[20,97724,1037],{},[39,97726,97727],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97728,97729],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97730,97731],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97732,11521],{"class":3556},[20,97734,21904,97735,1572,97737,97739,97740,97742,97743,32],{},[15,97736,54259],{},[15,97738,3483],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97741,3483],{}," back to ",[15,97744,3353],{},[34,97746,4225],{"id":4224},[20,97748,10459,97749,32],{},[15,97750,97086],{},[1200,97752,12308,97754],{"id":97753},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97755,11034],{},[20,97757,16360],{},[39,97759,97761],{"className":41,"code":97760,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97762,97763,97783,97797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97764,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779,97781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97766,15344],{"class":54},[48,97768,59],{"class":58},[48,97770,10203],{"class":84},[48,97772,272],{"class":488},[48,97774,365],{"class":84},[48,97776,489],{"class":488},[48,97778,365],{"class":84},[48,97780,2152],{"class":488},[48,97782,9021],{"class":84},[48,97784,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97786,15344],{"class":54},[48,97788,59],{"class":58},[48,97790,96610],{"class":54},[48,97792,32],{"class":84},[48,97794,11095],{"class":87},[48,97796,8353],{"class":84},[48,97798,97799,97801,97803,97805],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97800,109],{"class":108},[48,97802,91],{"class":84},[48,97804,15382],{"class":87},[48,97806,102],{"class":84},[20,97808,1037],{},[39,97810,97811],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97812,97813],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97814,97815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97816,11521],{"class":3556},[20,97818,16372],{},[39,97820,97822],{"className":41,"code":97821,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97823,97824,97844,97854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97825,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97827,15344],{"class":54},[48,97829,59],{"class":58},[48,97831,10203],{"class":84},[48,97833,272],{"class":488},[48,97835,365],{"class":84},[48,97837,489],{"class":488},[48,97839,365],{"class":84},[48,97841,2152],{"class":488},[48,97843,9021],{"class":84},[48,97845,97846,97848,97850,97852],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97847,15382],{"class":54},[48,97849,32],{"class":84},[48,97851,11095],{"class":87},[48,97853,8353],{"class":84},[48,97855,97856,97858,97860,97862],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,97857,109],{"class":108},[48,97859,91],{"class":84},[48,97861,15382],{"class":87},[48,97863,102],{"class":84},[20,97865,1037],{},[39,97867,97868],{"className":41,"code":97144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97869,97870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97871,97872,97874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97873,5995],{"class":1047},[48,97875,8353],{"class":84},[1200,97877,1379,97879,97881],{"id":97878},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97880,11034],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97883,97884,97886,97887,97889],{},[15,97885,11034],{}," removes ",[565,97888,3420],{}," items from the set.",[20,97891,97892,97893,1358,97898,32],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[224,97894,97896],{"href":97895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97897,55228],{},[224,97899,97901],{"href":97900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97902,12476],{},[1200,97904,758,97906,97908],{"id":97905},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97907,3497],{}," for an empty set",[20,97910,25406],{},[39,97912,97914],{"className":41,"code":97913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97915,97916,97925],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97917,97918,97921,97923],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97919,97920],{"class":54},"empty_value ",[48,97922,59],{"class":58},[48,97924,9550],{"class":84},[48,97926,97927,97929,97931,97933,97935,97938],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97928,109],{"class":108},[48,97930,91],{"class":84},[48,97932,2921],{"class":1047},[48,97934,91],{"class":84},[48,97936,97937],{"class":87},"empty_value",[48,97939,1034],{"class":84},[20,97941,1037],{},[39,97943,97944],{"className":41,"code":8519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,97945,97946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97947,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956,97958],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97949,2990],{"class":58},[48,97951,2993],{"class":1767},[48,97953,2996],{"class":62},[48,97955,8532],{"class":66},[48,97957,3001],{"class":62},[48,97959,3004],{"class":58},[20,97961,97962,8499],{},[15,97963,3497],{},[20,97965,97966],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[39,97968,97970],{"className":41,"code":97969,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97971,97972,97983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,97973,97974,97977,97979,97981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,97975,97976],{"class":54},"empty_set ",[48,97978,59],{"class":58},[48,97980,15349],{"class":1047},[48,97982,8353],{"class":84},[48,97984,97985,97987,97989,97991,97993,97996],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,97986,109],{"class":108},[48,97988,91],{"class":84},[48,97990,2921],{"class":1047},[48,97992,91],{"class":84},[48,97994,97995],{"class":87},"empty_set",[48,97997,1034],{"class":84},[20,97999,1037],{},[39,98001,98002],{"className":41,"code":8563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98003,98004],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98005,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98007,2990],{"class":58},[48,98009,2993],{"class":1767},[48,98011,2996],{"class":62},[48,98013,5995],{"class":66},[48,98015,3001],{"class":62},[48,98017,3004],{"class":58},[1200,98019,98021],{"id":98020},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[39,98023,98025],{"className":41,"code":98024,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98026,98027,98051,98059,98063,98073,98077,98087],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98028,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043,98045,98047,98049],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98030,2253],{"class":54},[48,98032,59],{"class":58},[48,98034,10203],{"class":84},[48,98036,94],{"class":62},[48,98038,1873],{"class":66},[48,98040,94],{"class":62},[48,98042,365],{"class":84},[48,98044,63],{"class":62},[48,98046,11458],{"class":66},[48,98048,94],{"class":62},[48,98050,9021],{"class":84},[48,98052,98053,98055,98057],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98054,2281],{"class":54},[48,98056,59],{"class":58},[48,98058,35885],{"class":54},[48,98060,98061],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,98062,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,98064,98065,98067,98069,98071],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,98066,224],{"class":54},[48,98068,32],{"class":84},[48,98070,11095],{"class":87},[48,98072,8353],{"class":84},[48,98074,98075],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,98076,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,98078,98079,98081,98083,98085],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,98080,109],{"class":108},[48,98082,91],{"class":84},[48,98084,224],{"class":87},[48,98086,102],{"class":84},[48,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,98090,109],{"class":108},[48,98092,91],{"class":84},[48,98094,4466],{"class":87},[48,98096,102],{"class":84},[20,98098,1037],{},[39,98100,98101],{"className":41,"code":97418,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98102,98103,98109],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98104,98105,98107],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98106,5995],{"class":1047},[48,98108,8353],{"class":84},[48,98110,98111,98113],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98112,5995],{"class":1047},[48,98114,8353],{"class":84},[20,98116,28776,98117,500,98119,98121],{},[15,98118,224],{},[15,98120,4466],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[34,98123,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,98125,4849,98127,4852],{"id":98126},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98128,97086],{},[20,98130,4855,98131,98133],{},[15,98132,3483],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1200,98135,12418,98137,98139],{"id":98136},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98138,11034],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98141,98142],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1200,98144,98146],{"id":98145},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98148,98149,98150,98152,98153,32],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98151,11034],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98154,3502],{},[1200,98156,1559,98158,500,98160,1564],{"id":98157},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98159,11034],{},[15,98161,3502],{},[20,98163,98164,98166,98167,98169],{},[15,98165,11034],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98168,3502],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[34,98171,1599],{"id":1598},[162,98173,98174,98178,98182,98189,98195,98201],{},[165,98175,98176],{},[224,98177,96014],{"href":97185},[165,98179,98180],{},[224,98181,97024],{"href":97569},[165,98183,98184],{},[224,98185,96500,98187,754],{"href":98186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98188,95889],{},[165,98190,98191],{},[224,98192,96500,98193,754],{"href":97895},[15,98194,55228],{},[165,98196,98197],{},[224,98198,96500,98199,754],{"href":97900},[15,98200,12476],{},[165,98202,98203],{},[224,98204,96500,98206,754],{"href":98205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98207,14669],{},[1633,98209,98210],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":98212},[98213,98215,98216,98217,98224,98225,98234,98243],{"id":97160,"depth":73,"text":98214},"What set.clear() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":97324,"depth":73,"text":98218,"children":98219},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98220,98222],{"id":97337,"depth":105,"text":98221},"Using clear()",{"id":97441,"depth":105,"text":98223},"Using set()",{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":98226},[98227,98229,98231,98233],{"id":97753,"depth":105,"text":98228},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97878,"depth":105,"text":98230},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97905,"depth":105,"text":98232},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98020,"depth":105,"text":98021},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":98235},[98236,98238,98240,98241],{"id":98126,"depth":105,"text":98237},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98136,"depth":105,"text":98239},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98145,"depth":105,"text":98146},{"id":98157,"depth":105,"text":98242},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97074,"description":98244},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98251,"title":98252,"body":98253,"description":100085,"extension":1666,"meta":100086,"navigation":122,"path":96017,"seo":100087,"stem":100088,"__hash__":100089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98254,"toc":100042},[98255,98258,98261,98264,98266,98369,98373,98420,98426,98428,98447,98451,98454,98456,98470,98479,98483,98486,98521,98525,98545,98548,98552,98555,98616,98620,98645,98652,98658,98663,98665,98677,98681,98730,98734,98758,98765,98769,98810,98814,98835,98839,98872,98876,98917,98920,98924,98929,98968,98972,98997,99002,99008,99045,99049,99072,99076,99078,99081,99084,99161,99165,99202,99205,99209,99215,99218,99228,99277,99283,99289,99316,99319,99341,99343,99374,99377,99381,99385,99424,99428,99491,99494,99527,99531,99556,99558,99561,99567,99570,99597,99600,99618,99622,99626,99629,99672,99675,99679,99682,99685,99715,99718,99722,99725,99740,99745,99749,99752,99841,99843,99846,99936,99939,99957,99959,99963,99973,99977,99985,99989,99992,99996,99999,100003,100006,100008,100036,100039],[10,98256,98252],{"id":98257},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98259,98260],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98262,98263],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[34,98265,3311],{"id":3310},[39,98267,98269],{"className":41,"code":98268,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98270,98271,98291,98325,98335,98339,98349,98359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98272,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98274,3321],{"class":54},[48,98276,59],{"class":58},[48,98278,10203],{"class":84},[48,98280,272],{"class":488},[48,98282,365],{"class":84},[48,98284,489],{"class":488},[48,98286,365],{"class":84},[48,98288,2152],{"class":488},[48,98290,9021],{"class":84},[48,98292,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98294,3776],{"class":54},[48,98296,59],{"class":58},[48,98298,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98300,2684],{"class":84},[48,98302,94],{"class":62},[48,98304,3785],{"class":66},[48,98306,94],{"class":62},[48,98308,365],{"class":84},[48,98310,63],{"class":62},[48,98312,198],{"class":66},[48,98314,94],{"class":62},[48,98316,365],{"class":84},[48,98318,63],{"class":62},[48,98320,3785],{"class":66},[48,98322,94],{"class":62},[48,98324,3593],{"class":84},[48,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,98328,97976],{"class":54},[48,98330,59],{"class":58},[48,98332,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98334,8353],{"class":84},[48,98336,98337],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,98338,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,98342,109],{"class":108},[48,98344,91],{"class":84},[48,98346,3353],{"class":87},[48,98348,102],{"class":84},[48,98350,98351,98353,98355,98357],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,98352,109],{"class":108},[48,98354,91],{"class":84},[48,98356,3819],{"class":87},[48,98358,102],{"class":84},[48,98360,98361,98363,98365,98367],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,98362,109],{"class":108},[48,98364,91],{"class":84},[48,98366,97995],{"class":87},[48,98368,102],{"class":84},[20,98370,98371],{},[565,98372,1037],{},[39,98374,98376],{"className":41,"code":98375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98377,98378,98394,98414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98379,98380,98382,98384,98386,98388,98390,98392],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98381,8990],{"class":84},[48,98383,272],{"class":488},[48,98385,365],{"class":84},[48,98387,489],{"class":488},[48,98389,365],{"class":84},[48,98391,2152],{"class":488},[48,98393,9021],{"class":84},[48,98395,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98397,8990],{"class":84},[48,98399,3001],{"class":62},[48,98401,198],{"class":66},[48,98403,3001],{"class":62},[48,98405,365],{"class":84},[48,98407,2996],{"class":62},[48,98409,3785],{"class":66},[48,98411,3001],{"class":62},[48,98413,9021],{"class":84},[48,98415,98416,98418],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,98417,5995],{"class":1047},[48,98419,8353],{"class":84},[20,98421,98422,98423,98425],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98424,3502],{}," for an empty set.",[34,98427,14878],{"id":14877},[162,98429,98430,98433,98438,98441,98444],{},[165,98431,98432],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[165,98434,98435,98436],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98437,3502],{},[165,98439,98440],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[165,98442,98443],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[165,98445,98446],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[34,98448,98450],{"id":98449},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98452,98453],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98455,30251],{},[162,98457,98458,98461,98464,98467],{},[165,98459,98460],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[165,98462,98463],{},"Sets are unordered",[165,98465,98466],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[165,98468,98469],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98471,98472,98473,1358,98475,32],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[224,98474,96014],{"href":97185},[224,98476,98478],{"href":98477},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[34,98480,98482],{"id":98481},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98484,98485],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[39,98487,98489],{"className":41,"code":98488,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98490,98491,98511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505,98507,98509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98494,3321],{"class":54},[48,98496,59],{"class":58},[48,98498,10203],{"class":84},[48,98500,272],{"class":488},[48,98502,365],{"class":84},[48,98504,489],{"class":488},[48,98506,365],{"class":84},[48,98508,2152],{"class":488},[48,98510,9021],{"class":84},[48,98512,98513,98515,98517,98519],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98514,109],{"class":108},[48,98516,91],{"class":84},[48,98518,3353],{"class":87},[48,98520,102],{"class":84},[20,98522,98523],{},[565,98524,29742],{},[39,98526,98527],{"className":41,"code":96293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98528,98529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98530,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98532,8990],{"class":84},[48,98534,272],{"class":488},[48,98536,365],{"class":84},[48,98538,489],{"class":488},[48,98540,365],{"class":84},[48,98542,2152],{"class":488},[48,98544,9021],{"class":84},[20,98546,98547],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1200,98549,98551],{"id":98550},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98553,98554],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[39,98556,98558],{"className":41,"code":98557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98559,98560,98592,98602],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98561,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98563,3321],{"class":54},[48,98565,59],{"class":58},[48,98567,10203],{"class":84},[48,98569,272],{"class":488},[48,98571,365],{"class":84},[48,98573,489],{"class":488},[48,98575,365],{"class":84},[48,98577,489],{"class":488},[48,98579,365],{"class":84},[48,98581,2152],{"class":488},[48,98583,365],{"class":84},[48,98585,2152],{"class":488},[48,98587,365],{"class":84},[48,98589,2152],{"class":488},[48,98591,9021],{"class":84},[48,98593,98594,98596,98598,98600],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98595,109],{"class":108},[48,98597,91],{"class":84},[48,98599,3353],{"class":87},[48,98601,102],{"class":84},[48,98603,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,98605,109],{"class":108},[48,98607,91],{"class":84},[48,98609,10874],{"class":108},[48,98611,91],{"class":84},[48,98613,3353],{"class":87},[48,98615,1034],{"class":84},[20,98617,98618],{},[565,98619,29742],{},[39,98621,98623],{"className":41,"code":98622,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98624,98625,98641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98626,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98628,8990],{"class":84},[48,98630,272],{"class":488},[48,98632,365],{"class":84},[48,98634,489],{"class":488},[48,98636,365],{"class":84},[48,98638,2152],{"class":488},[48,98640,9021],{"class":84},[48,98642,98643],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98644,46323],{"class":488},[20,98646,741,98647,500,98649,98651],{},[15,98648,280],{},[15,98650,1764],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[34,98653,98655,98656],{"id":98654},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98657,3502],{},[20,98659,139,98660,98662],{},[15,98661,3502],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98664,5163],{},[162,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673],{},[165,98668,96773],{},[165,98670,96069],{},[165,98672,56164],{},[165,98674,98675],{},[15,98676,35908],{},[1200,98678,98680],{"id":98679},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[39,98682,98684],{"className":41,"code":98683,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98685,98686,98720],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98687,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98689,3321],{"class":54},[48,98691,59],{"class":58},[48,98693,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98695,2684],{"class":84},[48,98697,272],{"class":488},[48,98699,365],{"class":84},[48,98701,489],{"class":488},[48,98703,365],{"class":84},[48,98705,489],{"class":488},[48,98707,365],{"class":84},[48,98709,2152],{"class":488},[48,98711,365],{"class":84},[48,98713,2152],{"class":488},[48,98715,365],{"class":84},[48,98717,878],{"class":488},[48,98719,3593],{"class":84},[48,98721,98722,98724,98726,98728],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98723,109],{"class":108},[48,98725,91],{"class":84},[48,98727,3353],{"class":87},[48,98729,102],{"class":84},[20,98731,98732],{},[565,98733,29742],{},[39,98735,98736],{"className":41,"code":95956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,98737,98738],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98739,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98741,8990],{"class":84},[48,98743,272],{"class":488},[48,98745,365],{"class":84},[48,98747,489],{"class":488},[48,98749,365],{"class":84},[48,98751,2152],{"class":488},[48,98753,365],{"class":84},[48,98755,878],{"class":488},[48,98757,9021],{"class":84},[20,98759,98760,98761,32],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[224,98762,98764],{"href":98763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1200,98766,98768],{"id":98767},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[39,98770,98772],{"className":41,"code":98771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98773,98774,98800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98775,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98777,3528],{"class":54},[48,98779,59],{"class":58},[48,98781,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98783,5217],{"class":84},[48,98785,2031],{"class":488},[48,98787,365],{"class":84},[48,98789,7500],{"class":488},[48,98791,365],{"class":84},[48,98793,7500],{"class":488},[48,98795,365],{"class":84},[48,98797,7505],{"class":488},[48,98799,1034],{"class":84},[48,98801,98802,98804,98806,98808],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98803,109],{"class":108},[48,98805,91],{"class":84},[48,98807,5065],{"class":87},[48,98809,102],{"class":84},[20,98811,98812],{},[565,98813,29742],{},[39,98815,98817],{"className":41,"code":98816,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98818,98819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98820,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98822,8990],{"class":84},[48,98824,2031],{"class":488},[48,98826,365],{"class":84},[48,98828,7500],{"class":488},[48,98830,365],{"class":84},[48,98832,7505],{"class":488},[48,98834,9021],{"class":84},[1200,98836,98838],{"id":98837},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[39,98840,98842],{"className":41,"code":98841,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98843,98844,98862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98845,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98847,35800],{"class":54},[48,98849,59],{"class":58},[48,98851,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98853,91],{"class":84},[48,98855,94],{"class":62},[48,98857,1008],{"class":66},[48,98859,94],{"class":62},[48,98861,102],{"class":84},[48,98863,98864,98866,98868,98870],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98865,109],{"class":108},[48,98867,91],{"class":84},[48,98869,35853],{"class":87},[48,98871,102],{"class":84},[20,98873,98874],{},[565,98875,29742],{},[39,98877,98879],{"className":41,"code":98878,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98880,98881],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98882,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98884,8990],{"class":84},[48,98886,3001],{"class":62},[48,98888,60136],{"class":66},[48,98890,3001],{"class":62},[48,98892,365],{"class":84},[48,98894,2996],{"class":62},[48,98896,1247],{"class":66},[48,98898,3001],{"class":62},[48,98900,365],{"class":84},[48,98902,2996],{"class":62},[48,98904,60153],{"class":66},[48,98906,3001],{"class":62},[48,98908,365],{"class":84},[48,98910,2996],{"class":62},[48,98912,60170],{"class":66},[48,98914,3001],{"class":62},[48,98916,9021],{"class":84},[20,98918,98919],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[34,98921,98923],{"id":98922},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98925,98926,98927,32],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98928,3502],{},[39,98930,98932],{"className":41,"code":98931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98933,98934,98944,98954],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98935,98936,98938,98940,98942],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98937,97976],{"class":54},[48,98939,59],{"class":58},[48,98941,15349],{"class":1047},[48,98943,8353],{"class":84},[48,98945,98946,98948,98950,98952],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98947,109],{"class":108},[48,98949,91],{"class":84},[48,98951,97995],{"class":87},[48,98953,102],{"class":84},[48,98955,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,98957,109],{"class":108},[48,98959,91],{"class":84},[48,98961,2921],{"class":1047},[48,98963,91],{"class":84},[48,98965,97995],{"class":87},[48,98967,1034],{"class":84},[20,98969,98970],{},[565,98971,1037],{},[39,98973,98975],{"className":41,"code":98974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98976,98977,98983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,98978,98979,98981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,98980,5995],{"class":1047},[48,98982,8353],{"class":84},[48,98984,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,98986,2990],{"class":58},[48,98988,2993],{"class":1767},[48,98990,2996],{"class":62},[48,98992,5995],{"class":66},[48,98994,3001],{"class":62},[48,98996,3004],{"class":58},[1200,98998,44135,99000],{"id":98999},"do-not-use",[15,99001,3497],{},[20,99003,99004,99005,99007],{},"Empty braces do ",[565,99006,1055],{}," create a set.",[39,99009,99011],{"className":41,"code":99010,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99012,99013,99021,99031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99014,99015,99017,99019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99016,97920],{"class":54},[48,99018,59],{"class":58},[48,99020,9550],{"class":84},[48,99022,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99024,109],{"class":108},[48,99026,91],{"class":84},[48,99028,97937],{"class":87},[48,99030,102],{"class":84},[48,99032,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041,99043],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,99034,109],{"class":108},[48,99036,91],{"class":84},[48,99038,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99040,91],{"class":84},[48,99042,97937],{"class":87},[48,99044,1034],{"class":84},[20,99046,99047],{},[565,99048,1037],{},[39,99050,99052],{"className":41,"code":99051,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99053,99054,99058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99055,99056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99057,9147],{"class":84},[48,99059,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99061,2990],{"class":58},[48,99063,2993],{"class":1767},[48,99065,2996],{"class":62},[48,99067,8532],{"class":66},[48,99069,3001],{"class":62},[48,99071,3004],{"class":58},[20,99073,99074,8499],{},[15,99075,3497],{},[34,99077,71955],{"id":71954},[20,99079,99080],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99082,99083],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[39,99085,99087],{"className":41,"code":99086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99088,99089,99137,99147],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99090,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99092,3776],{"class":54},[48,99094,59],{"class":58},[48,99096,10203],{"class":84},[48,99098,94],{"class":62},[48,99100,3785],{"class":66},[48,99102,94],{"class":62},[48,99104,365],{"class":84},[48,99106,63],{"class":62},[48,99108,198],{"class":66},[48,99110,94],{"class":62},[48,99112,365],{"class":84},[48,99114,63],{"class":62},[48,99116,3785],{"class":66},[48,99118,94],{"class":62},[48,99120,365],{"class":84},[48,99122,63],{"class":62},[48,99124,3785],{"class":66},[48,99126,94],{"class":62},[48,99128,365],{"class":84},[48,99130,63],{"class":62},[48,99132,32933],{"class":66},[48,99134,94],{"class":62},[48,99136,9021],{"class":84},[48,99138,99139,99141,99143,99145],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99140,109],{"class":108},[48,99142,91],{"class":84},[48,99144,3819],{"class":87},[48,99146,102],{"class":84},[48,99148,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,99150,109],{"class":108},[48,99152,91],{"class":84},[48,99154,10874],{"class":108},[48,99156,91],{"class":84},[48,99158,3819],{"class":87},[48,99160,1034],{"class":84},[20,99162,99163],{},[565,99164,29742],{},[39,99166,99168],{"className":41,"code":99167,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99169,99170,99198],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99171,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99173,8990],{"class":84},[48,99175,3001],{"class":62},[48,99177,198],{"class":66},[48,99179,3001],{"class":62},[48,99181,365],{"class":84},[48,99183,2996],{"class":62},[48,99185,32933],{"class":66},[48,99187,3001],{"class":62},[48,99189,365],{"class":84},[48,99191,2996],{"class":62},[48,99193,3785],{"class":66},[48,99195,3001],{"class":62},[48,99197,9021],{"class":84},[48,99199,99200],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99201,46323],{"class":488},[20,99203,99204],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[34,99206,99208],{"id":99207},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99210,99211,99212,99214],{},"Set items must be ",[565,99213,96057],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99216,99217],{},"These usually work:",[162,99219,99220,99222,99224,99226],{},[165,99221,56161],{},[165,99223,56164],{},[165,99225,96069],{},[165,99227,40305],{},[39,99229,99231],{"className":41,"code":99230,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99232,99233,99267],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261,99263,99265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99236,3528],{"class":54},[48,99238,59],{"class":58},[48,99240,10203],{"class":84},[48,99242,272],{"class":488},[48,99244,365],{"class":84},[48,99246,63],{"class":62},[48,99248,3785],{"class":66},[48,99250,94],{"class":62},[48,99252,365],{"class":84},[48,99254,8948],{"class":84},[48,99256,2031],{"class":488},[48,99258,365],{"class":84},[48,99260,7500],{"class":488},[48,99262,8945],{"class":84},[48,99264,3621],{"class":3556},[48,99266,9021],{"class":84},[48,99268,99269,99271,99273,99275],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99270,109],{"class":108},[48,99272,91],{"class":84},[48,99274,5065],{"class":87},[48,99276,102],{"class":84},[20,99278,99279,99280,99282],{},"These do ",[565,99281,1055],{}," work directly:",[162,99284,99285,99287],{},[165,99286,96773],{},[165,99288,96776],{},[39,99290,99292],{"className":41,"code":99291,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99293,99294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99295,99296,99299,99301,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99297,99298],{"class":54},"bad_set ",[48,99300,59],{"class":58},[48,99302,99303],{"class":84}," {[",[48,99305,272],{"class":488},[48,99307,365],{"class":84},[48,99309,489],{"class":488},[48,99311,365],{"class":84},[48,99313,2152],{"class":488},[48,99315,13420],{"class":84},[20,99317,99318],{},"This raises an error:",[39,99320,99321],{"className":41,"code":96832,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,99322,99323],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99324,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99326,2703],{"class":1047},[48,99328,503],{"class":84},[48,99330,96843],{"class":54},[48,99332,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99334,503],{"class":84},[48,99336,2996],{"class":62},[48,99338,7804],{"class":66},[48,99340,29415],{"class":62},[20,99342,51781],{},[39,99344,99346],{"className":41,"code":99345,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99347,99348],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99349,99350,99352,99354,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99351,99298],{"class":54},[48,99353,59],{"class":58},[48,99355,99356],{"class":84}," {{",[48,99358,94],{"class":62},[48,99360,7377],{"class":66},[48,99362,94],{"class":62},[48,99364,503],{"class":84},[48,99366,63],{"class":62},[48,99368,7386],{"class":66},[48,99370,94],{"class":62},[48,99372,99373],{"class":84},"}}\n",[20,99375,99376],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[34,99378,99380],{"id":99379},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1200,99382,99384],{"id":99383},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[39,99386,99388],{"className":41,"code":99387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99389,99390,99414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99391,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99393,3321],{"class":54},[48,99395,59],{"class":58},[48,99397,10203],{"class":84},[48,99399,272],{"class":488},[48,99401,365],{"class":84},[48,99403,489],{"class":488},[48,99405,365],{"class":84},[48,99407,2152],{"class":488},[48,99409,365],{"class":84},[48,99411,878],{"class":488},[48,99413,9021],{"class":84},[48,99415,99416,99418,99420,99422],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99417,109],{"class":108},[48,99419,91],{"class":84},[48,99421,3353],{"class":87},[48,99423,102],{"class":84},[1200,99425,99427],{"id":99426},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[39,99429,99431],{"className":41,"code":99430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99432,99433,99461,99476,99480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99434,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99436,7489],{"class":54},[48,99438,59],{"class":58},[48,99440,3326],{"class":84},[48,99442,272],{"class":488},[48,99444,365],{"class":84},[48,99446,5204],{"class":488},[48,99448,365],{"class":84},[48,99450,489],{"class":488},[48,99452,365],{"class":84},[48,99454,2152],{"class":488},[48,99456,365],{"class":84},[48,99458,2152],{"class":488},[48,99460,3339],{"class":84},[48,99462,99463,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99464,99465],{"class":54},"unique_items ",[48,99467,59],{"class":58},[48,99469,15349],{"class":1047},[48,99471,91],{"class":84},[48,99473,7520],{"class":87},[48,99475,102],{"class":84},[48,99477,99478],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,99479,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,99481,99482,99484,99486,99489],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,99483,109],{"class":108},[48,99485,91],{"class":84},[48,99487,99488],{"class":87},"unique_items",[48,99490,102],{"class":84},[1200,99492,98838],{"id":99493},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[39,99495,99497],{"className":41,"code":99496,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99498,99499,99517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99500,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99502,35800],{"class":54},[48,99504,59],{"class":58},[48,99506,15349],{"class":1047},[48,99508,91],{"class":84},[48,99510,94],{"class":62},[48,99512,198],{"class":66},[48,99514,94],{"class":62},[48,99516,102],{"class":84},[48,99518,99519,99521,99523,99525],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99520,109],{"class":108},[48,99522,91],{"class":84},[48,99524,35853],{"class":87},[48,99526,102],{"class":84},[1200,99528,99530],{"id":99529},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[39,99532,99534],{"className":41,"code":99533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99535,99536,99546],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99537,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99539,97976],{"class":54},[48,99541,59],{"class":58},[48,99543,15349],{"class":1047},[48,99545,8353],{"class":84},[48,99547,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99549,109],{"class":108},[48,99551,91],{"class":84},[48,99553,97995],{"class":87},[48,99555,102],{"class":84},[34,99557,1366],{"id":1365},[20,99559,99560],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1200,99562,758,99564,99566],{"id":99563},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99565,3497],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99568,99569],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[39,99571,99573],{"className":41,"code":99572,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99574,99575,99583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99576,99577,99579,99581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99578,2147],{"class":54},[48,99580,59],{"class":58},[48,99582,9550],{"class":84},[48,99584,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99586,109],{"class":108},[48,99588,91],{"class":84},[48,99590,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99592,91],{"class":84},[48,99594,362],{"class":87},[48,99596,1034],{"class":84},[20,99598,99599],{},"This prints:",[39,99601,99602],{"className":41,"code":8519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,99603,99604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99605,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99607,2990],{"class":58},[48,99609,2993],{"class":1767},[48,99611,2996],{"class":62},[48,99613,8532],{"class":66},[48,99615,3001],{"class":62},[48,99617,3004],{"class":58},[20,99619,139,99620,1575],{},[15,99621,3502],{},[1200,99623,99625],{"id":99624},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99627,99628],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[39,99630,99632],{"className":41,"code":99631,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99633,99634,99662],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99635,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99637,3321],{"class":54},[48,99639,59],{"class":58},[48,99641,10203],{"class":84},[48,99643,272],{"class":488},[48,99645,365],{"class":84},[48,99647,5204],{"class":488},[48,99649,365],{"class":84},[48,99651,489],{"class":488},[48,99653,365],{"class":84},[48,99655,489],{"class":488},[48,99657,365],{"class":84},[48,99659,2152],{"class":488},[48,99661,9021],{"class":84},[48,99663,99664,99666,99668,99670],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99665,109],{"class":108},[48,99667,91],{"class":84},[48,99669,3353],{"class":87},[48,99671,102],{"class":84},[20,99673,99674],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1200,99676,99678],{"id":99677},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99680,99681],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99683,99684],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[39,99686,99688],{"className":41,"code":99687,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99689,99690,99710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99691,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99693,3321],{"class":54},[48,99695,59],{"class":58},[48,99697,10203],{"class":84},[48,99699,2031],{"class":488},[48,99701,365],{"class":84},[48,99703,7500],{"class":488},[48,99705,365],{"class":84},[48,99707,7505],{"class":488},[48,99709,9021],{"class":84},[48,99711,99712],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99713,99714],{"class":129},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99716,99717],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1200,99719,99721],{"id":99720},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99723,99724],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[39,99726,99728],{"className":41,"code":99727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99729,99730,99735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99731,99732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99733,99734],{"class":129},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[48,99736,99737],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99738,99739],{"class":129},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99741,99742,99743,32],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99744,2703],{},[1200,99746,99748],{"id":99747},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99750,99751],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[39,99753,99755],{"className":41,"code":99754,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99756,99757,99777,99809,99813,99827],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99758,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99760,15344],{"class":54},[48,99762,59],{"class":58},[48,99764,10203],{"class":84},[48,99766,272],{"class":488},[48,99768,365],{"class":84},[48,99770,489],{"class":488},[48,99772,365],{"class":84},[48,99774,2152],{"class":488},[48,99776,9021],{"class":84},[48,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99780,11437],{"class":54},[48,99782,59],{"class":58},[48,99784,10203],{"class":84},[48,99786,94],{"class":62},[48,99788,224],{"class":66},[48,99790,94],{"class":62},[48,99792,503],{"class":84},[48,99794,5204],{"class":488},[48,99796,365],{"class":84},[48,99798,63],{"class":62},[48,99800,4466],{"class":66},[48,99802,94],{"class":62},[48,99804,503],{"class":84},[48,99806,489],{"class":488},[48,99808,9021],{"class":84},[48,99810,99811],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,99812,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,99814,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,99816,109],{"class":108},[48,99818,91],{"class":84},[48,99820,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99822,91],{"class":84},[48,99824,15382],{"class":87},[48,99826,1034],{"class":84},[48,99828,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,99830,109],{"class":108},[48,99832,91],{"class":84},[48,99834,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99836,91],{"class":84},[48,99838,11161],{"class":87},[48,99840,1034],{"class":84},[34,99842,92469],{"id":92468},[20,99844,99845],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[39,99847,99849],{"className":41,"code":99848,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99850,99851,99877,99881,99895,99905,99919,99926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,99852,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,99854,15344],{"class":54},[48,99856,59],{"class":58},[48,99858,15349],{"class":1047},[48,99860,2684],{"class":84},[48,99862,272],{"class":488},[48,99864,365],{"class":84},[48,99866,489],{"class":488},[48,99868,365],{"class":84},[48,99870,489],{"class":488},[48,99872,365],{"class":84},[48,99874,2152],{"class":488},[48,99876,3593],{"class":84},[48,99878,99879],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,99880,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,99882,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,99884,109],{"class":108},[48,99886,91],{"class":84},[48,99888,2921],{"class":1047},[48,99890,91],{"class":84},[48,99892,15382],{"class":87},[48,99894,1034],{"class":84},[48,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,99898,109],{"class":108},[48,99900,91],{"class":84},[48,99902,15382],{"class":87},[48,99904,102],{"class":84},[48,99906,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,99908,109],{"class":108},[48,99910,91],{"class":84},[48,99912,10874],{"class":108},[48,99914,91],{"class":84},[48,99916,15382],{"class":87},[48,99918,1034],{"class":84},[48,99920,99921,99923],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,99922,109],{"class":108},[48,99924,99925],{"class":84},"({})\n",[48,99927,99928,99930,99932,99934],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,99929,109],{"class":108},[48,99931,91],{"class":84},[48,99933,5995],{"class":1047},[48,99935,6902],{"class":84},[20,99937,99938],{},"Use these to confirm:",[162,99940,99941,99944,99947,99950],{},[165,99942,99943],{},"The object type",[165,99945,99946],{},"The actual values stored",[165,99948,99949],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[165,99951,99952,99953,500,99955],{},"The difference between ",[15,99954,3497],{},[15,99956,3502],{},[34,99958,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,99960,99962],{"id":99961},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99964,99965,99966,99969,99970,99972],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99967,99968],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99971,3502],{}," with another iterable.",[1200,99974,99976],{"id":99975},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99978,139,99979,99981,99982,99984],{},[15,99980,3502],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99983,3497],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1200,99986,99988],{"id":99987},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99990,99991],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1200,99993,99995],{"id":99994},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99997,99998],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1200,100000,100002],{"id":100001},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100004,100005],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[34,100007,1599],{"id":1598},[162,100009,100010,100014,100020,100026,100031],{},[165,100011,100012],{},[224,100013,96014],{"href":97185},[165,100015,100016],{},[224,100017,3277,100018,754],{"href":98186},[15,100019,95894],{},[165,100021,100022],{},[224,100023,3277,100024,754],{"href":98205},[15,100025,97000],{},[165,100027,100028],{},[224,100029,100030],{"href":98763},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[165,100032,100033],{},[224,100034,100035],{"href":98477},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100037,100038],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1633,100040,100041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":100043},[100044,100045,100046,100047,100050,100056,100060,100061,100062,100068,100076,100077,100084],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":98449,"depth":73,"text":98450},{"id":98481,"depth":73,"text":98482,"children":100048},[100049],{"id":98550,"depth":105,"text":98551},{"id":98654,"depth":73,"text":100051,"children":100052},"Create a set with set()",[100053,100054,100055],{"id":98679,"depth":105,"text":98680},{"id":98767,"depth":105,"text":98768},{"id":98837,"depth":105,"text":98838},{"id":98922,"depth":73,"text":98923,"children":100057},[100058],{"id":98999,"depth":105,"text":100059},"Do not use {}",{"id":71954,"depth":73,"text":71955},{"id":99207,"depth":73,"text":99208},{"id":99379,"depth":73,"text":99380,"children":100063},[100064,100065,100066,100067],{"id":99383,"depth":105,"text":99384},{"id":99426,"depth":105,"text":99427},{"id":99493,"depth":105,"text":98838},{"id":99529,"depth":105,"text":99530},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":100069},[100070,100072,100073,100074,100075],{"id":99563,"depth":105,"text":100071},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99624,"depth":105,"text":99625},{"id":99677,"depth":105,"text":99678},{"id":99720,"depth":105,"text":99721},{"id":99747,"depth":105,"text":99748},{"id":92468,"depth":73,"text":92469},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":100078},[100079,100080,100081,100082,100083],{"id":99961,"depth":105,"text":99962},{"id":99975,"depth":105,"text":99976},{"id":99987,"depth":105,"text":99988},{"id":99994,"depth":105,"text":99995},{"id":100001,"depth":105,"text":100002},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98252,"description":100085},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100091,"title":100092,"body":100093,"description":102524,"extension":1666,"meta":102525,"navigation":122,"path":102526,"seo":102527,"stem":102528,"__hash__":102529},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100094,"toc":102489},[100095,100101,100107,100110,100112,100189,100191,100208,100218,100220,100225,100233,100235,100251,100255,100257,100259,100262,100283,100286,100310,100316,100318,100415,100417,100434,100444,100446,100448,100456,100458,100469,100471,100562,100564,100588,100599,100601,100603,100606,100736,100738,100811,100813,100834,100837,100839,100845,100850,100853,100980,100982,100999,101002,101004,101012,101015,101019,101027,101118,101120,101157,101162,101169,101246,101248,101264,101269,101274,101276,101285,101293,101374,101376,101405,101408,101412,101423,101426,101509,101511,101532,101538,101540,101542,101546,101550,101557,101622,101624,101644,101647,101716,101718,101734,101738,101744,101756,101764,101766,101851,101853,101882,101885,101889,101894,101896,101946,101949,102030,102032,102048,102052,102055,102130,102133,102137,102140,102217,102219,102252,102258,102262,102265,102400,102402,102416,102418,102420,102426,102429,102436,102444,102450,102453,102457,102460,102462,102464,102486],[10,100096,95886,100098,18],{"id":100097},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100099,100100],{},"difference()",[20,100102,100103,100106],{},[15,100104,100105],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100108,100109],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[34,100111,3311],{"id":3310},[39,100113,100115],{"className":41,"code":100114,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100116,100117,100141,100161,100179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100118,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100120,2253],{"class":54},[48,100122,59],{"class":58},[48,100124,10203],{"class":84},[48,100126,272],{"class":488},[48,100128,365],{"class":84},[48,100130,489],{"class":488},[48,100132,365],{"class":84},[48,100134,2152],{"class":488},[48,100136,365],{"class":84},[48,100138,878],{"class":488},[48,100140,9021],{"class":84},[48,100142,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153,100155,100157,100159],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100144,2281],{"class":54},[48,100146,59],{"class":58},[48,100148,10203],{"class":84},[48,100150,1764],{"class":488},[48,100152,365],{"class":84},[48,100154,878],{"class":488},[48,100156,365],{"class":84},[48,100158,549],{"class":488},[48,100160,9021],{"class":84},[48,100162,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100164,1929],{"class":54},[48,100166,59],{"class":58},[48,100168,56587],{"class":54},[48,100170,32],{"class":84},[48,100172,2511],{"class":87},[48,100174,91],{"class":84},[48,100176,4466],{"class":87},[48,100178,102],{"class":84},[48,100180,100181,100183,100185,100187],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,100182,109],{"class":108},[48,100184,91],{"class":84},[48,100186,1964],{"class":87},[48,100188,102],{"class":84},[20,100190,1037],{},[39,100192,100194],{"className":41,"code":100193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100195,100196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100197,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100199,8990],{"class":84},[48,100201,272],{"class":488},[48,100203,365],{"class":84},[48,100205,489],{"class":488},[48,100207,9021],{"class":84},[20,100209,100210,100212,100213,100215,100216,32],{},[15,100211,100100],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100214,224],{}," that are not in ",[15,100217,4466],{},[44623,100219],{},[34,100221,148,100223,152],{"id":100222},"what-difference-does",[15,100224,100100],{},[20,100226,765,100227,100229,100230,100232],{},[15,100228,100100],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[565,100231,1055],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100234,160],{},[162,100236,100237,100242,100245,100248],{},[165,100238,100239,100241],{},[15,100240,100100],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[165,100243,100244],{},"It creates a new set",[165,100246,100247],{},"It does not change the original set",[165,100249,100250],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100252,96010,100253,32],{},[224,100254,96014],{"href":97185},[44623,100256],{},[34,100258,340],{"id":339},[20,100260,100261],{},"Use this form:",[39,100263,100265],{"className":41,"code":100264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100266,100267],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100268,100269,100272,100274,100276,100278,100281],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100270,100271],{"class":54},"set1",[48,100273,32],{"class":84},[48,100275,2511],{"class":87},[48,100277,91],{"class":84},[48,100279,100280],{"class":87},"set2",[48,100282,102],{"class":84},[20,100284,100285],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[39,100287,100289],{"className":41,"code":100288,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100290,100291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100292,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100308],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100294,100271],{"class":54},[48,100296,32],{"class":84},[48,100298,2511],{"class":87},[48,100300,91],{"class":84},[48,100302,100280],{"class":87},[48,100304,365],{"class":84},[48,100306,100307],{"class":87}," set3",[48,100309,102],{"class":84},[20,100311,100312,100313,100315],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[565,100314,5060],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100317,182],{},[39,100319,100321],{"className":41,"code":100320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100322,100323,100351,100367,100379,100383,100405],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100324,100325,100327,100329,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100326,2253],{"class":54},[48,100328,59],{"class":58},[48,100330,10203],{"class":84},[48,100332,272],{"class":488},[48,100334,365],{"class":84},[48,100336,489],{"class":488},[48,100338,365],{"class":84},[48,100340,2152],{"class":488},[48,100342,365],{"class":84},[48,100344,878],{"class":488},[48,100346,365],{"class":84},[48,100348,549],{"class":488},[48,100350,9021],{"class":84},[48,100352,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100354,2281],{"class":54},[48,100356,59],{"class":58},[48,100358,10203],{"class":84},[48,100360,280],{"class":488},[48,100362,365],{"class":84},[48,100364,2152],{"class":488},[48,100366,9021],{"class":84},[48,100368,100369,100371,100373,100375,100377],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100370,82870],{"class":54},[48,100372,59],{"class":58},[48,100374,10203],{"class":84},[48,100376,1837],{"class":488},[48,100378,9021],{"class":84},[48,100380,100381],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,100382,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100384,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,100386,1929],{"class":54},[48,100388,59],{"class":58},[48,100390,56587],{"class":54},[48,100392,32],{"class":84},[48,100394,2511],{"class":87},[48,100396,91],{"class":84},[48,100398,4466],{"class":87},[48,100400,365],{"class":84},[48,100402,9394],{"class":87},[48,100404,102],{"class":84},[48,100406,100407,100409,100411,100413],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,100408,109],{"class":108},[48,100410,91],{"class":84},[48,100412,1964],{"class":87},[48,100414,102],{"class":84},[20,100416,1037],{},[39,100418,100420],{"className":41,"code":100419,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100421,100422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100423,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100425,8990],{"class":84},[48,100427,272],{"class":488},[48,100429,365],{"class":84},[48,100431,878],{"class":488},[48,100433,9021],{"class":84},[20,100435,100436,100437,100439,100440,1358,100442,32],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100438,224],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100441,4466],{},[15,100443,632],{},[44623,100445],{},[34,100447,17136],{"id":17135},[20,100449,100450,100452,100453,32],{},[15,100451,100100],{}," always returns a ",[565,100454,100455],{},"new set",[20,100457,43357],{},[162,100459,100460,100463,100466],{},[165,100461,100462],{},"The return value is a new set",[165,100464,100465],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[165,100467,100468],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100470,182],{},[39,100472,100474],{"className":41,"code":100473,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100475,100476,100492,100512,100516,100534,100538,100548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100477,100478,100480,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100479,2253],{"class":54},[48,100481,59],{"class":58},[48,100483,10203],{"class":84},[48,100485,272],{"class":488},[48,100487,365],{"class":84},[48,100489,489],{"class":488},[48,100491,9021],{"class":84},[48,100493,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100495,2281],{"class":54},[48,100497,59],{"class":58},[48,100499,10203],{"class":84},[48,100501,272],{"class":488},[48,100503,365],{"class":84},[48,100505,489],{"class":488},[48,100507,365],{"class":84},[48,100509,2152],{"class":488},[48,100511,9021],{"class":84},[48,100513,100514],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100515,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100517,100518,100520,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,100519,1929],{"class":54},[48,100521,59],{"class":58},[48,100523,56587],{"class":54},[48,100525,32],{"class":84},[48,100527,2511],{"class":87},[48,100529,91],{"class":84},[48,100531,4466],{"class":87},[48,100533,102],{"class":84},[48,100535,100536],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,100537,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100539,100540,100542,100544,100546],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,100541,109],{"class":108},[48,100543,91],{"class":84},[48,100545,1964],{"class":87},[48,100547,102],{"class":84},[48,100549,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,100551,109],{"class":108},[48,100553,91],{"class":84},[48,100555,2921],{"class":1047},[48,100557,91],{"class":84},[48,100559,1964],{"class":87},[48,100561,1034],{"class":84},[20,100563,1037],{},[39,100565,100566],{"className":41,"code":98974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,100567,100568,100574],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100569,100570,100572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100571,5995],{"class":1047},[48,100573,8353],{"class":84},[48,100575,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100577,2990],{"class":58},[48,100579,2993],{"class":1767},[48,100581,2996],{"class":62},[48,100583,5995],{"class":66},[48,100585,3001],{"class":62},[48,100587,3004],{"class":58},[20,100589,100590,100591,18681,100593,100595,100596,100598],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100592,3502],{},[15,100594,3497],{},". In Python, ",[15,100597,3497],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44623,100600],{},[34,100602,11187],{"id":11186},[20,100604,100605],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[39,100607,100609],{"className":41,"code":100608,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100610,100611,100644,100677,100681,100701,100705,100715,100726],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100612,100613,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100614,100615],{"class":54},"fruits_a ",[48,100617,59],{"class":58},[48,100619,10203],{"class":84},[48,100621,94],{"class":62},[48,100623,3785],{"class":66},[48,100625,94],{"class":62},[48,100627,365],{"class":84},[48,100629,63],{"class":62},[48,100631,198],{"class":66},[48,100633,94],{"class":62},[48,100635,365],{"class":84},[48,100637,63],{"class":62},[48,100639,32933],{"class":66},[48,100641,94],{"class":62},[48,100643,9021],{"class":84},[48,100645,100646,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100647,100648],{"class":54},"fruits_b ",[48,100650,59],{"class":58},[48,100652,10203],{"class":84},[48,100654,94],{"class":62},[48,100656,198],{"class":66},[48,100658,94],{"class":62},[48,100660,365],{"class":84},[48,100662,63],{"class":62},[48,100664,32933],{"class":66},[48,100666,94],{"class":62},[48,100668,365],{"class":84},[48,100670,63],{"class":62},[48,100672,22248],{"class":66},[48,100674,94],{"class":62},[48,100676,9021],{"class":84},[48,100678,100679],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100680,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100682,100683,100685,100687,100690,100692,100694,100696,100699],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,100684,1929],{"class":54},[48,100686,59],{"class":58},[48,100688,100689],{"class":54}," fruits_a",[48,100691,32],{"class":84},[48,100693,2511],{"class":87},[48,100695,91],{"class":84},[48,100697,100698],{"class":87},"fruits_b",[48,100700,102],{"class":84},[48,100702,100703],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,100704,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100706,100707,100709,100711,100713],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,100708,109],{"class":108},[48,100710,91],{"class":84},[48,100712,1964],{"class":87},[48,100714,102],{"class":84},[48,100716,100717,100719,100721,100724],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,100718,109],{"class":108},[48,100720,91],{"class":84},[48,100722,100723],{"class":87},"fruits_a",[48,100725,102],{"class":84},[48,100727,100728,100730,100732,100734],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,100729,109],{"class":108},[48,100731,91],{"class":84},[48,100733,100698],{"class":87},[48,100735,102],{"class":84},[20,100737,29742],{},[39,100739,100741],{"className":41,"code":100740,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100742,100743,100755,100783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100744,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100746,8990],{"class":84},[48,100748,3001],{"class":62},[48,100750,3785],{"class":66},[48,100752,3001],{"class":62},[48,100754,9021],{"class":84},[48,100756,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100758,8990],{"class":84},[48,100760,3001],{"class":62},[48,100762,198],{"class":66},[48,100764,3001],{"class":62},[48,100766,365],{"class":84},[48,100768,2996],{"class":62},[48,100770,32933],{"class":66},[48,100772,3001],{"class":62},[48,100774,365],{"class":84},[48,100776,2996],{"class":62},[48,100778,3785],{"class":66},[48,100780,3001],{"class":62},[48,100782,9021],{"class":84},[48,100784,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100786,8990],{"class":84},[48,100788,3001],{"class":62},[48,100790,198],{"class":66},[48,100792,3001],{"class":62},[48,100794,365],{"class":84},[48,100796,2996],{"class":62},[48,100798,32933],{"class":66},[48,100800,3001],{"class":62},[48,100802,365],{"class":84},[48,100804,2996],{"class":62},[48,100806,22248],{"class":66},[48,100808,3001],{"class":62},[48,100810,9021],{"class":84},[20,100812,11396],{},[162,100814,100815,100820,100825,100831],{},[165,100816,100817,100818],{},"Start with ",[15,100819,100723],{},[165,100821,100822,100823],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100824,100698],{},[165,100826,100827,100828,100830],{},"Only ",[15,100829,57533],{}," remains",[165,100832,100833],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100835,100836],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44623,100838],{},[34,100840,758,100842,100844],{"id":100841},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100843,100100],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100846,100847,100848,32],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100849,100100],{},[20,100851,100852],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[39,100854,100856],{"className":41,"code":100855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100857,100858,100890,100907,100920,100937,100941,100970],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100859,100860,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100861,3321],{"class":54},[48,100863,59],{"class":58},[48,100865,10203],{"class":84},[48,100867,272],{"class":488},[48,100869,365],{"class":84},[48,100871,489],{"class":488},[48,100873,365],{"class":84},[48,100875,2152],{"class":488},[48,100877,365],{"class":84},[48,100879,878],{"class":488},[48,100881,365],{"class":84},[48,100883,549],{"class":488},[48,100885,365],{"class":84},[48,100887,37354],{"class":488},[48,100889,9021],{"class":84},[48,100891,100892,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,100893,100894],{"class":54},"group_a ",[48,100896,59],{"class":58},[48,100898,10203],{"class":84},[48,100900,280],{"class":488},[48,100902,365],{"class":84},[48,100904,878],{"class":488},[48,100906,9021],{"class":84},[48,100908,100909,100912,100914,100916,100918],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,100910,100911],{"class":54},"group_b ",[48,100913,59],{"class":58},[48,100915,10203],{"class":84},[48,100917,1837],{"class":488},[48,100919,9021],{"class":84},[48,100921,100922,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933,100935],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,100923,100924],{"class":54},"group_c ",[48,100926,59],{"class":58},[48,100928,10203],{"class":84},[48,100930,80278],{"class":488},[48,100932,365],{"class":84},[48,100934,5701],{"class":488},[48,100936,9021],{"class":84},[48,100938,100939],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,100940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,100942,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100958,100960,100963,100965,100968],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,100944,1929],{"class":54},[48,100946,59],{"class":58},[48,100948,3969],{"class":54},[48,100950,32],{"class":84},[48,100952,2511],{"class":87},[48,100954,91],{"class":84},[48,100956,100957],{"class":87},"group_a",[48,100959,365],{"class":84},[48,100961,100962],{"class":87}," group_b",[48,100964,365],{"class":84},[48,100966,100967],{"class":87}," group_c",[48,100969,102],{"class":84},[48,100971,100972,100974,100976,100978],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,100973,109],{"class":108},[48,100975,91],{"class":84},[48,100977,1964],{"class":87},[48,100979,102],{"class":84},[20,100981,1037],{},[39,100983,100985],{"className":41,"code":100984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100986,100987],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,100988,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,100990,8990],{"class":84},[48,100992,272],{"class":488},[48,100994,365],{"class":84},[48,100996,2152],{"class":488},[48,100998,9021],{"class":84},[20,101000,101001],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44623,101003],{},[34,101005,101007,1188,101009],{"id":101006},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101008,100100],{},[15,101010,101011],{},"difference_update()",[20,101013,101014],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1200,101016,101017],{"id":2511},[15,101018,100100],{},[162,101020,101021,101024],{},[165,101022,101023],{},"Returns a new set",[165,101025,101026],{},"Does not change the original set",[39,101028,101030],{"className":41,"code":101029,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101031,101032,101056,101072,101076,101094,101098,101108],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101035,2253],{"class":54},[48,101037,59],{"class":58},[48,101039,10203],{"class":84},[48,101041,272],{"class":488},[48,101043,365],{"class":84},[48,101045,489],{"class":488},[48,101047,365],{"class":84},[48,101049,2152],{"class":488},[48,101051,365],{"class":84},[48,101053,878],{"class":488},[48,101055,9021],{"class":84},[48,101057,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101059,2281],{"class":54},[48,101061,59],{"class":58},[48,101063,10203],{"class":84},[48,101065,1764],{"class":488},[48,101067,365],{"class":84},[48,101069,878],{"class":488},[48,101071,9021],{"class":84},[48,101073,101074],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101075,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101077,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101079,1929],{"class":54},[48,101081,59],{"class":58},[48,101083,56587],{"class":54},[48,101085,32],{"class":84},[48,101087,2511],{"class":87},[48,101089,91],{"class":84},[48,101091,4466],{"class":87},[48,101093,102],{"class":84},[48,101095,101096],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101097,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101099,101100,101102,101104,101106],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,101101,109],{"class":108},[48,101103,91],{"class":84},[48,101105,1964],{"class":87},[48,101107,102],{"class":84},[48,101109,101110,101112,101114,101116],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,101111,109],{"class":108},[48,101113,91],{"class":84},[48,101115,224],{"class":87},[48,101117,102],{"class":84},[20,101119,1037],{},[39,101121,101123],{"className":41,"code":101122,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101124,101125,101137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101126,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101128,8990],{"class":84},[48,101130,272],{"class":488},[48,101132,365],{"class":84},[48,101134,489],{"class":488},[48,101136,9021],{"class":84},[48,101138,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101140,8990],{"class":84},[48,101142,272],{"class":488},[48,101144,365],{"class":84},[48,101146,489],{"class":488},[48,101148,365],{"class":84},[48,101150,2152],{"class":488},[48,101152,365],{"class":84},[48,101154,878],{"class":488},[48,101156,9021],{"class":84},[1200,101158,101160],{"id":101159},"difference_update",[15,101161,101011],{},[162,101163,101164,101167],{},[165,101165,101166],{},"Changes the original set",[165,101168,96004],{},[39,101170,101172],{"className":41,"code":101171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101173,101174,101198,101214,101218,101232,101236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101175,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101177,2253],{"class":54},[48,101179,59],{"class":58},[48,101181,10203],{"class":84},[48,101183,272],{"class":488},[48,101185,365],{"class":84},[48,101187,489],{"class":488},[48,101189,365],{"class":84},[48,101191,2152],{"class":488},[48,101193,365],{"class":84},[48,101195,878],{"class":488},[48,101197,9021],{"class":84},[48,101199,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101201,2281],{"class":54},[48,101203,59],{"class":58},[48,101205,10203],{"class":84},[48,101207,1764],{"class":488},[48,101209,365],{"class":84},[48,101211,878],{"class":488},[48,101213,9021],{"class":84},[48,101215,101216],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101217,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101219,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101221,224],{"class":54},[48,101223,32],{"class":84},[48,101225,101159],{"class":87},[48,101227,91],{"class":84},[48,101229,4466],{"class":87},[48,101231,102],{"class":84},[48,101233,101234],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101235,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101237,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,101239,109],{"class":108},[48,101241,91],{"class":84},[48,101243,224],{"class":87},[48,101245,102],{"class":84},[20,101247,1037],{},[39,101249,101250],{"className":41,"code":100193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,101251,101252],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101253,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101255,8990],{"class":84},[48,101257,272],{"class":488},[48,101259,365],{"class":84},[48,101261,489],{"class":488},[48,101263,9021],{"class":84},[20,101265,139,101266,101268],{},[15,101267,100100],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101270,101271,101272,33313],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101273,101011],{},[44623,101275],{},[34,101277,101279,101281,101282,101284],{"id":101278},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101280,100100],{}," vs the ",[15,101283,1724],{}," operator",[20,101286,765,101287,101289,101290,101292],{},[15,101288,1724],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101291,100100],{}," for two sets.",[39,101294,101296],{"className":41,"code":101295,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101297,101298,101322,101338,101342,101360],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101301,2253],{"class":54},[48,101303,59],{"class":58},[48,101305,10203],{"class":84},[48,101307,272],{"class":488},[48,101309,365],{"class":84},[48,101311,489],{"class":488},[48,101313,365],{"class":84},[48,101315,2152],{"class":488},[48,101317,365],{"class":84},[48,101319,878],{"class":488},[48,101321,9021],{"class":84},[48,101323,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101325,2281],{"class":54},[48,101327,59],{"class":58},[48,101329,10203],{"class":84},[48,101331,1764],{"class":488},[48,101333,365],{"class":84},[48,101335,878],{"class":488},[48,101337,9021],{"class":84},[48,101339,101340],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101343,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101345,109],{"class":108},[48,101347,91],{"class":84},[48,101349,224],{"class":87},[48,101351,32],{"class":84},[48,101353,2511],{"class":87},[48,101355,91],{"class":84},[48,101357,4466],{"class":87},[48,101359,1034],{"class":84},[48,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101363,109],{"class":108},[48,101365,91],{"class":84},[48,101367,2253],{"class":87},[48,101369,1724],{"class":58},[48,101371,2258],{"class":87},[48,101373,102],{"class":84},[20,101375,1037],{},[39,101377,101379],{"className":41,"code":101378,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101380,101381,101393],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101382,101383,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101384,8990],{"class":84},[48,101386,272],{"class":488},[48,101388,365],{"class":84},[48,101390,489],{"class":488},[48,101392,9021],{"class":84},[48,101394,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101396,8990],{"class":84},[48,101398,272],{"class":488},[48,101400,365],{"class":84},[48,101402,489],{"class":488},[48,101404,9021],{"class":84},[20,101406,101407],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101409,94274,101410,1564],{},[15,101411,100100],{},[162,101413,101414,101417,101420],{},[165,101415,101416],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[165,101418,101419],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[165,101421,101422],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101424,101425],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[39,101427,101429],{"className":41,"code":101428,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101430,101431,101459,101471,101483,101487],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101432,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101434,2253],{"class":54},[48,101436,59],{"class":58},[48,101438,10203],{"class":84},[48,101440,272],{"class":488},[48,101442,365],{"class":84},[48,101444,489],{"class":488},[48,101446,365],{"class":84},[48,101448,2152],{"class":488},[48,101450,365],{"class":84},[48,101452,878],{"class":488},[48,101454,365],{"class":84},[48,101456,549],{"class":488},[48,101458,9021],{"class":84},[48,101460,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101462,2281],{"class":54},[48,101464,59],{"class":58},[48,101466,10203],{"class":84},[48,101468,280],{"class":488},[48,101470,9021],{"class":84},[48,101472,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101474,82870],{"class":54},[48,101476,59],{"class":58},[48,101478,10203],{"class":84},[48,101480,907],{"class":488},[48,101482,9021],{"class":84},[48,101484,101485],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101486,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101488,101489,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101490,109],{"class":108},[48,101492,91],{"class":84},[48,101494,224],{"class":87},[48,101496,32],{"class":84},[48,101498,2511],{"class":87},[48,101500,91],{"class":84},[48,101502,4466],{"class":87},[48,101504,365],{"class":84},[48,101506,9394],{"class":87},[48,101508,1034],{"class":84},[20,101510,1037],{},[39,101512,101514],{"className":41,"code":101513,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101515,101516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101517,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101519,8990],{"class":84},[48,101521,272],{"class":488},[48,101523,365],{"class":84},[48,101525,2152],{"class":488},[48,101527,365],{"class":84},[48,101529,549],{"class":488},[48,101531,9021],{"class":84},[20,101533,101534,101535,101537],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101536,1724],{}," operator expression.",[44623,101539],{},[34,101541,4225],{"id":4224},[20,101543,20927,101544,32],{},[15,101545,100100],{},[1200,101547,101549],{"id":101548},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101551,4333,101552,101554,101555,503],{},[565,101553,1055],{}," change ",[15,101556,224],{},[39,101558,101560],{"className":41,"code":101559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101561,101562,101582,101594,101598,101612],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101563,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576,101578,101580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101565,2253],{"class":54},[48,101567,59],{"class":58},[48,101569,10203],{"class":84},[48,101571,272],{"class":488},[48,101573,365],{"class":84},[48,101575,489],{"class":488},[48,101577,365],{"class":84},[48,101579,2152],{"class":488},[48,101581,9021],{"class":84},[48,101583,101584,101586,101588,101590,101592],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101585,2281],{"class":54},[48,101587,59],{"class":58},[48,101589,10203],{"class":84},[48,101591,1764],{"class":488},[48,101593,9021],{"class":84},[48,101595,101596],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101597,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101599,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101601,224],{"class":54},[48,101603,32],{"class":84},[48,101605,2511],{"class":87},[48,101607,91],{"class":84},[48,101609,4466],{"class":87},[48,101611,102],{"class":84},[48,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101615,109],{"class":108},[48,101617,91],{"class":84},[48,101619,224],{"class":87},[48,101621,102],{"class":84},[20,101623,1037],{},[39,101625,101626],{"className":41,"code":96293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,101627,101628],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101631,8990],{"class":84},[48,101633,272],{"class":488},[48,101635,365],{"class":84},[48,101637,489],{"class":488},[48,101639,365],{"class":84},[48,101641,2152],{"class":488},[48,101643,9021],{"class":84},[20,101645,101646],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[39,101648,101650],{"className":41,"code":101649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101651,101652,101672,101684,101688,101706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101653,101654,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101655,2253],{"class":54},[48,101657,59],{"class":58},[48,101659,10203],{"class":84},[48,101661,272],{"class":488},[48,101663,365],{"class":84},[48,101665,489],{"class":488},[48,101667,365],{"class":84},[48,101669,2152],{"class":488},[48,101671,9021],{"class":84},[48,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101675,2281],{"class":54},[48,101677,59],{"class":58},[48,101679,10203],{"class":84},[48,101681,1764],{"class":488},[48,101683,9021],{"class":84},[48,101685,101686],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101687,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101689,101690,101692,101694,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101691,2253],{"class":54},[48,101693,59],{"class":58},[48,101695,56587],{"class":54},[48,101697,32],{"class":84},[48,101699,2511],{"class":87},[48,101701,91],{"class":84},[48,101703,4466],{"class":87},[48,101705,102],{"class":84},[48,101707,101708,101710,101712,101714],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101709,109],{"class":108},[48,101711,91],{"class":84},[48,101713,224],{"class":87},[48,101715,102],{"class":84},[20,101717,1037],{},[39,101719,101720],{"className":41,"code":100193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,101721,101722],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101723,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101725,8990],{"class":84},[48,101727,272],{"class":488},[48,101729,365],{"class":84},[48,101731,489],{"class":488},[48,101733,9021],{"class":84},[1200,101735,101737],{"id":101736},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101739,101740,101743],{},[15,101741,101742],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[162,101745,101746,101751],{},[165,101747,101748,101749],{},"keep items from ",[15,101750,224],{},[165,101752,101753,101754],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101755,4466],{},[20,101757,40615,101758,101760,101761,101763],{},[565,101759,1055],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101762,4466],{},"”.",[20,101765,182],{},[39,101767,101769],{"className":41,"code":101768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101770,101771,101791,101811,101815,101833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101774,2253],{"class":54},[48,101776,59],{"class":58},[48,101778,10203],{"class":84},[48,101780,272],{"class":488},[48,101782,365],{"class":84},[48,101784,489],{"class":488},[48,101786,365],{"class":84},[48,101788,2152],{"class":488},[48,101790,9021],{"class":84},[48,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101794,2281],{"class":54},[48,101796,59],{"class":58},[48,101798,10203],{"class":84},[48,101800,1764],{"class":488},[48,101802,365],{"class":84},[48,101804,878],{"class":488},[48,101806,365],{"class":84},[48,101808,549],{"class":488},[48,101810,9021],{"class":84},[48,101812,101813],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101814,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101818,109],{"class":108},[48,101820,91],{"class":84},[48,101822,224],{"class":87},[48,101824,32],{"class":84},[48,101826,2511],{"class":87},[48,101828,91],{"class":84},[48,101830,4466],{"class":87},[48,101832,1034],{"class":84},[48,101834,101835,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,101836,109],{"class":108},[48,101838,91],{"class":84},[48,101840,4466],{"class":87},[48,101842,32],{"class":84},[48,101844,2511],{"class":87},[48,101846,91],{"class":84},[48,101848,224],{"class":87},[48,101850,1034],{"class":84},[20,101852,1037],{},[39,101854,101856],{"className":41,"code":101855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101857,101858,101870],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101859,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101861,8990],{"class":84},[48,101863,272],{"class":488},[48,101865,365],{"class":84},[48,101867,489],{"class":488},[48,101869,9021],{"class":84},[48,101871,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101873,8990],{"class":84},[48,101875,907],{"class":488},[48,101877,365],{"class":84},[48,101879,549],{"class":488},[48,101881,9021],{"class":84},[20,101883,101884],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1200,101886,101888],{"id":101887},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101890,101891,101893],{},[15,101892,100100],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101895,55018],{},[39,101897,101899],{"className":41,"code":101898,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101900,101901,101921,101937,101941],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101904,2253],{"class":54},[48,101906,59],{"class":58},[48,101908,3326],{"class":84},[48,101910,272],{"class":488},[48,101912,365],{"class":84},[48,101914,489],{"class":488},[48,101916,365],{"class":84},[48,101918,2152],{"class":488},[48,101920,3339],{"class":84},[48,101922,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101924,2281],{"class":54},[48,101926,59],{"class":58},[48,101928,3326],{"class":84},[48,101930,1764],{"class":488},[48,101932,365],{"class":84},[48,101934,878],{"class":488},[48,101936,3339],{"class":84},[48,101938,101939],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101942,101943],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101944,101945],{"class":129},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101947,101948],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[39,101950,101952],{"className":41,"code":101951,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101953,101954,101974,101990,101994,102020],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,101955,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,101957,2253],{"class":54},[48,101959,59],{"class":58},[48,101961,3326],{"class":84},[48,101963,272],{"class":488},[48,101965,365],{"class":84},[48,101967,489],{"class":488},[48,101969,365],{"class":84},[48,101971,2152],{"class":488},[48,101973,3339],{"class":84},[48,101975,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,101977,2281],{"class":54},[48,101979,59],{"class":58},[48,101981,3326],{"class":84},[48,101983,1764],{"class":488},[48,101985,365],{"class":84},[48,101987,878],{"class":488},[48,101989,3339],{"class":84},[48,101991,101992],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,101993,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,101995,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,101997,1929],{"class":54},[48,101999,59],{"class":58},[48,102001,15349],{"class":1047},[48,102003,91],{"class":84},[48,102005,224],{"class":87},[48,102007,8341],{"class":84},[48,102009,2511],{"class":87},[48,102011,91],{"class":84},[48,102013,5995],{"class":1047},[48,102015,91],{"class":84},[48,102017,4466],{"class":87},[48,102019,1034],{"class":84},[48,102021,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,102023,109],{"class":108},[48,102025,91],{"class":84},[48,102027,1964],{"class":87},[48,102029,102],{"class":84},[20,102031,1037],{},[39,102033,102034],{"className":41,"code":100193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,102035,102036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102037,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102039,8990],{"class":84},[48,102041,272],{"class":488},[48,102043,365],{"class":84},[48,102045,489],{"class":488},[48,102047,9021],{"class":84},[1200,102049,102051],{"id":102050},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102053,102054],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[39,102056,102058],{"className":41,"code":102057,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102059,102060,102092,102108,102112],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102061,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102063,2253],{"class":54},[48,102065,59],{"class":58},[48,102067,10203],{"class":84},[48,102069,94],{"class":62},[48,102071,607],{"class":66},[48,102073,94],{"class":62},[48,102075,365],{"class":84},[48,102077,63],{"class":62},[48,102079,57827],{"class":66},[48,102081,94],{"class":62},[48,102083,365],{"class":84},[48,102085,63],{"class":62},[48,102087,57844],{"class":66},[48,102089,94],{"class":62},[48,102091,9021],{"class":84},[48,102093,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102095,2281],{"class":54},[48,102097,59],{"class":58},[48,102099,10203],{"class":84},[48,102101,94],{"class":62},[48,102103,57827],{"class":66},[48,102105,94],{"class":62},[48,102107,9021],{"class":84},[48,102109,102110],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102111,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102113,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,102115,109],{"class":108},[48,102117,91],{"class":84},[48,102119,224],{"class":87},[48,102121,32],{"class":84},[48,102123,2511],{"class":87},[48,102125,91],{"class":84},[48,102127,4466],{"class":87},[48,102129,1034],{"class":84},[20,102131,102132],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1200,102134,102136],{"id":102135},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102138,102139],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,102141,102143],{"className":41,"code":102142,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102144,102145,102173,102185,102189,102199],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102148,2253],{"class":54},[48,102150,59],{"class":58},[48,102152,10203],{"class":84},[48,102154,272],{"class":488},[48,102156,365],{"class":84},[48,102158,5204],{"class":488},[48,102160,365],{"class":84},[48,102162,489],{"class":488},[48,102164,365],{"class":84},[48,102166,489],{"class":488},[48,102168,365],{"class":84},[48,102170,2152],{"class":488},[48,102172,9021],{"class":84},[48,102174,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102176,2281],{"class":54},[48,102178,59],{"class":58},[48,102180,10203],{"class":84},[48,102182,1764],{"class":488},[48,102184,9021],{"class":84},[48,102186,102187],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102188,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102190,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,102192,109],{"class":108},[48,102194,91],{"class":84},[48,102196,224],{"class":87},[48,102198,102],{"class":84},[48,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,102202,109],{"class":108},[48,102204,91],{"class":84},[48,102206,224],{"class":87},[48,102208,32],{"class":84},[48,102210,2511],{"class":87},[48,102212,91],{"class":84},[48,102214,4466],{"class":87},[48,102216,1034],{"class":84},[20,102218,1037],{},[39,102220,102222],{"className":41,"code":102221,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102223,102224,102240],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102225,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102227,8990],{"class":84},[48,102229,272],{"class":488},[48,102231,365],{"class":84},[48,102233,489],{"class":488},[48,102235,365],{"class":84},[48,102237,2152],{"class":488},[48,102239,9021],{"class":84},[48,102241,102242,102244,102246,102248,102250],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102243,8990],{"class":84},[48,102245,272],{"class":488},[48,102247,365],{"class":84},[48,102249,489],{"class":488},[48,102251,9021],{"class":84},[20,102253,102254,102255,102257],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102256,100100],{}," runs.",[1200,102259,102261],{"id":102260},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102263,102264],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[39,102266,102268],{"className":41,"code":102267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102269,102270,102294,102314,102318,102328,102338,102356,102378],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102271,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102273,2253],{"class":54},[48,102275,59],{"class":58},[48,102277,10203],{"class":84},[48,102279,272],{"class":488},[48,102281,365],{"class":84},[48,102283,489],{"class":488},[48,102285,365],{"class":84},[48,102287,2152],{"class":488},[48,102289,365],{"class":84},[48,102291,878],{"class":488},[48,102293,9021],{"class":84},[48,102295,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102297,2281],{"class":54},[48,102299,59],{"class":58},[48,102301,10203],{"class":84},[48,102303,1764],{"class":488},[48,102305,365],{"class":84},[48,102307,878],{"class":488},[48,102309,365],{"class":84},[48,102311,549],{"class":488},[48,102313,9021],{"class":84},[48,102315,102316],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102317,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,102321,109],{"class":108},[48,102323,91],{"class":84},[48,102325,224],{"class":87},[48,102327,102],{"class":84},[48,102329,102330,102332,102334,102336],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,102331,109],{"class":108},[48,102333,91],{"class":84},[48,102335,4466],{"class":87},[48,102337,102],{"class":84},[48,102339,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,102341,109],{"class":108},[48,102343,91],{"class":84},[48,102345,224],{"class":87},[48,102347,32],{"class":84},[48,102349,2511],{"class":87},[48,102351,91],{"class":84},[48,102353,4466],{"class":87},[48,102355,1034],{"class":84},[48,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,102359,109],{"class":108},[48,102361,91],{"class":84},[48,102363,2921],{"class":1047},[48,102365,91],{"class":84},[48,102367,224],{"class":87},[48,102369,32],{"class":84},[48,102371,2511],{"class":87},[48,102373,91],{"class":84},[48,102375,4466],{"class":87},[48,102377,2610],{"class":84},[48,102379,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,102381,109],{"class":108},[48,102383,91],{"class":84},[48,102385,10874],{"class":108},[48,102387,91],{"class":84},[48,102389,224],{"class":87},[48,102391,32],{"class":84},[48,102393,2511],{"class":87},[48,102395,91],{"class":84},[48,102397,4466],{"class":87},[48,102399,2610],{"class":84},[20,102401,10883],{},[162,102403,102404,102407,102410,102413],{},[165,102405,102406],{},"what is in each set",[165,102408,102409],{},"what result Python creates",[165,102411,102412],{},"that the result is a set",[165,102414,102415],{},"how many items remain",[44623,102417],{},[34,102419,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,102421,12418,102423,102425],{"id":102422},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102424,100100],{}," change the original set?",[20,102427,102428],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1200,102430,1559,102432,500,102434,1564],{"id":102431},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102433,100100],{},[15,102435,101011],{},[20,102437,102438,102440,102441,102443],{},[15,102439,100100],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102442,101011],{}," modifies the original set.",[1200,102445,28044,102447,102449],{"id":102446},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102448,100100],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102451,102452],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1200,102454,102456],{"id":102455},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102458,102459],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44623,102461],{},[34,102463,1599],{"id":1598},[162,102465,102466,102470,102478],{},[165,102467,102468],{},[224,102469,96014],{"href":97185},[165,102471,102472],{},[224,102473,96500,102475,754],{"href":102474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102476,102477],{},"intersection()",[165,102479,102480],{},[224,102481,96500,102483,754],{"href":102482},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102484,102485],{},"union()",[1633,102487,102488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":102490},[102491,102492,102494,102495,102496,102497,102499,102504,102506,102514,102523],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":100222,"depth":73,"text":102493},"What difference() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":100841,"depth":73,"text":102498},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101006,"depth":73,"text":102500,"children":102501},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102502,102503],{"id":2511,"depth":105,"text":100100},{"id":101159,"depth":105,"text":101011},{"id":101278,"depth":73,"text":102505},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":102507},[102508,102509,102510,102511,102512,102513],{"id":101548,"depth":105,"text":101549},{"id":101736,"depth":105,"text":101737},{"id":101887,"depth":105,"text":101888},{"id":102050,"depth":105,"text":102051},{"id":102135,"depth":105,"text":102136},{"id":102260,"depth":105,"text":102261},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":102515},[102516,102518,102520,102522],{"id":102422,"depth":105,"text":102517},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102431,"depth":105,"text":102519},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102446,"depth":105,"text":102521},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102455,"depth":105,"text":102456},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100092,"description":102524},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102531,"title":102532,"body":102533,"description":104228,"extension":1666,"meta":104229,"navigation":122,"path":104230,"seo":104231,"stem":104232,"__hash__":104233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102534,"toc":104190},[102535,102541,102547,102560,102562,102663,102665,102710,102715,102720,102724,102738,102741,102749,102751,102770,102788,102792,102845,102847,102868,102875,102880,102907,102914,103013,103015,103052,103060,103064,103070,103073,103146,103148,103156,103161,103230,103232,103257,103259,103262,103365,103367,103428,103431,103435,103441,103514,103516,103549,103552,103555,103595,103601,103624,103629,103633,103644,103647,103649,103653,103659,103661,103718,103728,103730,103783,103790,103795,103863,103871,103877,103881,103883,103922,103927,103976,103980,103983,103985,104024,104027,104029,104034,104091,104093,104107,104109,104113,104119,104124,104129,104136,104147,104153,104158,104160,104187],[10,102536,95886,102538,18],{"id":102537},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102539,102540],{},"discard()",[20,102542,102543,102546],{},[15,102544,102545],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102548,102549,102550,1888,102555,13768,102557,102559],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[224,102551,102552],{"href":97895},[15,102553,102554],{},"set.remove()",[15,102556,102540],{},[565,102558,1055],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[34,102561,37],{"id":36},[39,102563,102565],{"className":41,"code":102564,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102566,102567,102599,102618,102628,102632,102653],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102568,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102570,12789],{"class":54},[48,102572,59],{"class":58},[48,102574,10203],{"class":84},[48,102576,94],{"class":62},[48,102578,12806],{"class":66},[48,102580,94],{"class":62},[48,102582,365],{"class":84},[48,102584,63],{"class":62},[48,102586,12823],{"class":66},[48,102588,94],{"class":62},[48,102590,365],{"class":84},[48,102592,63],{"class":62},[48,102594,17173],{"class":66},[48,102596,94],{"class":62},[48,102598,9021],{"class":84},[48,102600,102601,102603,102605,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102602,17220],{"class":54},[48,102604,32],{"class":84},[48,102606,102607],{"class":87},"discard",[48,102609,91],{"class":84},[48,102611,94],{"class":62},[48,102613,12823],{"class":66},[48,102615,94],{"class":62},[48,102617,102],{"class":84},[48,102619,102620,102622,102624,102626],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102621,109],{"class":108},[48,102623,91],{"class":84},[48,102625,17220],{"class":87},[48,102627,102],{"class":84},[48,102629,102630],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,102631,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102633,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,102635,17220],{"class":54},[48,102637,32],{"class":84},[48,102639,102607],{"class":87},[48,102641,91],{"class":84},[48,102643,94],{"class":62},[48,102645,22239],{"class":66},[48,102647,94],{"class":62},[48,102649,3366],{"class":84},[48,102651,102652],{"class":129},"  # no error if missing\n",[48,102654,102655,102657,102659,102661],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,102656,109],{"class":108},[48,102658,91],{"class":84},[48,102660,17220],{"class":87},[48,102662,102],{"class":84},[20,102664,29742],{},[39,102666,102668],{"className":41,"code":102667,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102669,102670,102690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102671,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102673,8990],{"class":84},[48,102675,3001],{"class":62},[48,102677,12806],{"class":66},[48,102679,3001],{"class":62},[48,102681,365],{"class":84},[48,102683,2996],{"class":62},[48,102685,17173],{"class":66},[48,102687,3001],{"class":62},[48,102689,9021],{"class":84},[48,102691,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102693,8990],{"class":84},[48,102695,3001],{"class":62},[48,102697,12806],{"class":66},[48,102699,3001],{"class":62},[48,102701,365],{"class":84},[48,102703,2996],{"class":62},[48,102705,17173],{"class":66},[48,102707,3001],{"class":62},[48,102709,9021],{"class":84},[20,102711,139,102712,102714],{},[15,102713,102540],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[34,102716,148,102718,152],{"id":102717},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102719,102545],{},[20,102721,102722,503],{},[15,102723,102540],{},[162,102725,102726,102729,102732,102734],{},[165,102727,102728],{},"Removes one item from a set",[165,102730,102731],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[165,102733,96001],{},[165,102735,1270,102736],{},[15,102737,3483],{},[20,102739,102740],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102742,96010,102743,1358,102746,32],{},[224,102744,102745],{"href":98477},"what a set is in Python",[224,102747,102748],{"href":97569},"how to create a set",[34,102750,340],{"id":339},[39,102752,102754],{"className":41,"code":102753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102755,102756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102757,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102759,15382],{"class":54},[48,102761,32],{"class":84},[48,102763,102607],{"class":87},[48,102765,91],{"class":84},[48,102767,362],{"class":87},[48,102769,102],{"class":84},[162,102771,102772,102777,102782,102785],{},[165,102773,102774,102776],{},[15,102775,15382],{}," is the set you want to change",[165,102778,102779,102781],{},[15,102780,362],{}," is the item you want to remove",[165,102783,102784],{},"The set must already exist",[165,102786,102787],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1200,102789,102791],{"id":102790},"example","Example",[39,102793,102795],{"className":41,"code":102794,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102796,102797,102821,102835],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102798,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811,102813,102815,102817,102819],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102800,3321],{"class":54},[48,102802,59],{"class":58},[48,102804,10203],{"class":84},[48,102806,272],{"class":488},[48,102808,365],{"class":84},[48,102810,489],{"class":488},[48,102812,365],{"class":84},[48,102814,2152],{"class":488},[48,102816,365],{"class":84},[48,102818,878],{"class":488},[48,102820,9021],{"class":84},[48,102822,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102824,3353],{"class":54},[48,102826,32],{"class":84},[48,102828,102607],{"class":87},[48,102830,91],{"class":84},[48,102832,1764],{"class":488},[48,102834,102],{"class":84},[48,102836,102837,102839,102841,102843],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102838,109],{"class":108},[48,102840,91],{"class":84},[48,102842,3353],{"class":87},[48,102844,102],{"class":84},[20,102846,1037],{},[39,102848,102850],{"className":41,"code":102849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102851,102852],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102853,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102855,8990],{"class":84},[48,102857,272],{"class":488},[48,102859,365],{"class":84},[48,102861,489],{"class":488},[48,102863,365],{"class":84},[48,102865,878],{"class":488},[48,102867,9021],{"class":84},[34,102869,102871,102872,102874],{"id":102870},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102873,102540],{}," different",[20,102876,102877,102879],{},[15,102878,102540],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[162,102881,102882,102895,102904],{},[165,102883,102884,102885,1888,102889,102891,102892,102894],{},"Unlike ",[224,102886,102887],{"href":97895},[15,102888,55228],{},[15,102890,102540],{}," does not raise ",[15,102893,19405],{}," when the item is missing",[165,102896,102884,102897,1888,102901,102903],{},[224,102898,102899],{"href":97900},[15,102900,12476],{},[15,102902,102540],{}," removes a specific item",[165,102905,102906],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1200,102908,102910,1188,102912],{"id":102909},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102911,102540],{},[15,102913,55228],{},[39,102915,102917],{"className":41,"code":102916,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102918,102919,102943,102947,102968,102978,102982,103003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,102920,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,102922,7489],{"class":54},[48,102924,59],{"class":58},[48,102926,10203],{"class":84},[48,102928,94],{"class":62},[48,102930,3785],{"class":66},[48,102932,94],{"class":62},[48,102934,365],{"class":84},[48,102936,63],{"class":62},[48,102938,198],{"class":66},[48,102940,94],{"class":62},[48,102942,9021],{"class":84},[48,102944,102945],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,102946,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102948,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,102950,7520],{"class":54},[48,102952,32],{"class":84},[48,102954,102607],{"class":87},[48,102956,91],{"class":84},[48,102958,94],{"class":62},[48,102960,32933],{"class":66},[48,102962,94],{"class":62},[48,102964,3366],{"class":84},[48,102966,102967],{"class":129},"   # no error\n",[48,102969,102970,102972,102974,102976],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,102971,109],{"class":108},[48,102973,91],{"class":84},[48,102975,7520],{"class":87},[48,102977,102],{"class":84},[48,102979,102980],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,102981,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,102983,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,102985,7520],{"class":54},[48,102987,32],{"class":84},[48,102989,34506],{"class":87},[48,102991,91],{"class":84},[48,102993,94],{"class":62},[48,102995,198],{"class":66},[48,102997,94],{"class":62},[48,102999,3366],{"class":84},[48,103001,103002],{"class":129},"    # removes existing item\n",[48,103004,103005,103007,103009,103011],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,103006,109],{"class":108},[48,103008,91],{"class":84},[48,103010,7520],{"class":87},[48,103012,102],{"class":84},[20,103014,1037],{},[39,103016,103018],{"className":41,"code":103017,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103019,103020,103040],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103021,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036,103038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103023,8990],{"class":84},[48,103025,3001],{"class":62},[48,103027,3785],{"class":66},[48,103029,3001],{"class":62},[48,103031,365],{"class":84},[48,103033,2996],{"class":62},[48,103035,198],{"class":66},[48,103037,3001],{"class":62},[48,103039,9021],{"class":84},[48,103041,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103043,8990],{"class":84},[48,103045,3001],{"class":62},[48,103047,3785],{"class":66},[48,103049,3001],{"class":62},[48,103051,9021],{"class":84},[20,103053,40053,103054,103056,103057,103059],{},[15,103055,55228],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[224,103058,10787],{"href":10786}," for more help with that case.",[34,103061,103063],{"id":103062},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103065,103066,1572,103068,32],{},[15,103067,102540],{},[15,103069,3483],{},[20,103071,103072],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[39,103074,103076],{"className":41,"code":103075,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103077,103078,103110,103132,103136],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103079,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103081,12789],{"class":54},[48,103083,59],{"class":58},[48,103085,10203],{"class":84},[48,103087,94],{"class":62},[48,103089,12806],{"class":66},[48,103091,94],{"class":62},[48,103093,365],{"class":84},[48,103095,63],{"class":62},[48,103097,12823],{"class":66},[48,103099,94],{"class":62},[48,103101,365],{"class":84},[48,103103,63],{"class":62},[48,103105,17173],{"class":66},[48,103107,94],{"class":62},[48,103109,9021],{"class":84},[48,103111,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103113,1929],{"class":54},[48,103115,59],{"class":58},[48,103117,12837],{"class":54},[48,103119,32],{"class":84},[48,103121,102607],{"class":87},[48,103123,91],{"class":84},[48,103125,94],{"class":62},[48,103127,12823],{"class":66},[48,103129,94],{"class":62},[48,103131,102],{"class":84},[48,103133,103134],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103135,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103137,103138,103140,103142,103144],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103139,109],{"class":108},[48,103141,91],{"class":84},[48,103143,1964],{"class":87},[48,103145,102],{"class":84},[20,103147,1037],{},[39,103149,103150],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,103151,103152],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103153,103154],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103155,11521],{"class":3556},[20,103157,103158,103159,503],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103160,17220],{},[39,103162,103164],{"className":41,"code":103163,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103165,103166,103198,103216,103220],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103167,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103169,12789],{"class":54},[48,103171,59],{"class":58},[48,103173,10203],{"class":84},[48,103175,94],{"class":62},[48,103177,12806],{"class":66},[48,103179,94],{"class":62},[48,103181,365],{"class":84},[48,103183,63],{"class":62},[48,103185,12823],{"class":66},[48,103187,94],{"class":62},[48,103189,365],{"class":84},[48,103191,63],{"class":62},[48,103193,17173],{"class":66},[48,103195,94],{"class":62},[48,103197,9021],{"class":84},[48,103199,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103201,17220],{"class":54},[48,103203,32],{"class":84},[48,103205,102607],{"class":87},[48,103207,91],{"class":84},[48,103209,94],{"class":62},[48,103211,12823],{"class":66},[48,103213,94],{"class":62},[48,103215,102],{"class":84},[48,103217,103218],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103219,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103223,109],{"class":108},[48,103225,91],{"class":84},[48,103227,17220],{"class":87},[48,103229,102],{"class":84},[20,103231,1037],{},[39,103233,103235],{"className":41,"code":103234,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103236,103237],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103238,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103240,8990],{"class":84},[48,103242,3001],{"class":62},[48,103244,12806],{"class":66},[48,103246,3001],{"class":62},[48,103248,365],{"class":84},[48,103250,2996],{"class":62},[48,103252,17173],{"class":66},[48,103254,3001],{"class":62},[48,103256,9021],{"class":84},[34,103258,11187],{"id":11186},[20,103260,103261],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[39,103263,103265],{"className":41,"code":103264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103266,103267,103299,103303,103321,103325,103343,103347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103268,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103270,35949],{"class":54},[48,103272,59],{"class":58},[48,103274,10203],{"class":84},[48,103276,94],{"class":62},[48,103278,3785],{"class":66},[48,103280,94],{"class":62},[48,103282,365],{"class":84},[48,103284,63],{"class":62},[48,103286,198],{"class":66},[48,103288,94],{"class":62},[48,103290,365],{"class":84},[48,103292,63],{"class":62},[48,103294,32933],{"class":66},[48,103296,94],{"class":62},[48,103298,9021],{"class":84},[48,103300,103301],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103302,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103304,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103306,109],{"class":108},[48,103308,91],{"class":84},[48,103310,94],{"class":62},[48,103312,11276],{"class":66},[48,103314,94],{"class":62},[48,103316,365],{"class":84},[48,103318,52551],{"class":87},[48,103320,102],{"class":84},[48,103322,103323],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103324,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103326,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,103328,36001],{"class":54},[48,103330,32],{"class":84},[48,103332,102607],{"class":87},[48,103334,91],{"class":84},[48,103336,94],{"class":62},[48,103338,198],{"class":66},[48,103340,94],{"class":62},[48,103342,102],{"class":84},[48,103344,103345],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,103346,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103348,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,103350,109],{"class":108},[48,103352,91],{"class":84},[48,103354,94],{"class":62},[48,103356,11316],{"class":66},[48,103358,94],{"class":62},[48,103360,365],{"class":84},[48,103362,52551],{"class":87},[48,103364,102],{"class":84},[20,103366,1037],{},[39,103368,103370],{"className":41,"code":103369,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103371,103372,103404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103373,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103375,11336],{"class":54},[48,103377,503],{"class":84},[48,103379,10203],{"class":84},[48,103381,3001],{"class":62},[48,103383,198],{"class":66},[48,103385,3001],{"class":62},[48,103387,365],{"class":84},[48,103389,2996],{"class":62},[48,103391,3785],{"class":66},[48,103393,3001],{"class":62},[48,103395,365],{"class":84},[48,103397,2996],{"class":62},[48,103399,32933],{"class":66},[48,103401,3001],{"class":62},[48,103403,9021],{"class":84},[48,103405,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103407,11389],{"class":54},[48,103409,503],{"class":84},[48,103411,10203],{"class":84},[48,103413,3001],{"class":62},[48,103415,3785],{"class":66},[48,103417,3001],{"class":62},[48,103419,365],{"class":84},[48,103421,2996],{"class":62},[48,103423,32933],{"class":66},[48,103425,3001],{"class":62},[48,103427,9021],{"class":84},[20,103429,103430],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[34,103432,103434],{"id":103433},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103436,103437,103438,103440],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103439,102540],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[39,103442,103444],{"className":41,"code":103443,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103445,103446,103478,103482,103500,103504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103447,103448,103450,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103449,35949],{"class":54},[48,103451,59],{"class":58},[48,103453,10203],{"class":84},[48,103455,94],{"class":62},[48,103457,3785],{"class":66},[48,103459,94],{"class":62},[48,103461,365],{"class":84},[48,103463,63],{"class":62},[48,103465,198],{"class":66},[48,103467,94],{"class":62},[48,103469,365],{"class":84},[48,103471,63],{"class":62},[48,103473,32933],{"class":66},[48,103475,94],{"class":62},[48,103477,9021],{"class":84},[48,103479,103480],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103481,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103483,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103485,36001],{"class":54},[48,103487,32],{"class":84},[48,103489,102607],{"class":87},[48,103491,91],{"class":84},[48,103493,94],{"class":62},[48,103495,22248],{"class":66},[48,103497,94],{"class":62},[48,103499,102],{"class":84},[48,103501,103502],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103503,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103505,103506,103508,103510,103512],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,103507,109],{"class":108},[48,103509,91],{"class":84},[48,103511,36001],{"class":87},[48,103513,102],{"class":84},[20,103515,1037],{},[39,103517,103519],{"className":41,"code":103518,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103520,103521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103522,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103524,8990],{"class":84},[48,103526,3001],{"class":62},[48,103528,198],{"class":66},[48,103530,3001],{"class":62},[48,103532,365],{"class":84},[48,103534,2996],{"class":62},[48,103536,3785],{"class":66},[48,103538,3001],{"class":62},[48,103540,365],{"class":84},[48,103542,2996],{"class":62},[48,103544,32933],{"class":66},[48,103546,3001],{"class":62},[48,103548,9021],{"class":84},[20,103550,103551],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103553,103554],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[39,103556,103558],{"className":41,"code":103557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103559,103560,103576],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103561,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103563,6705],{"class":1107},[48,103565,63],{"class":62},[48,103567,22248],{"class":66},[48,103569,94],{"class":62},[48,103571,20889],{"class":58},[48,103573,52551],{"class":54},[48,103575,1110],{"class":84},[48,103577,103578,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103579,103580],{"class":54},"    fruits",[48,103582,32],{"class":84},[48,103584,34506],{"class":87},[48,103586,91],{"class":84},[48,103588,94],{"class":62},[48,103590,22248],{"class":66},[48,103592,94],{"class":62},[48,103594,102],{"class":84},[20,103596,103597,103598,103600],{},"With ",[15,103599,102540],{},", you can simply write:",[39,103602,103604],{"className":41,"code":103603,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103605,103606],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103607,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103609,36001],{"class":54},[48,103611,32],{"class":84},[48,103613,102607],{"class":87},[48,103615,91],{"class":84},[48,103617,94],{"class":62},[48,103619,22248],{"class":66},[48,103621,94],{"class":62},[48,103623,102],{"class":84},[34,103625,4667,103627],{"id":103626},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103628,102540],{},[20,103630,139,103631,10313],{},[15,103632,102540],{},[162,103634,103635,103638,103641],{},[165,103636,103637],{},"Missing values are normal",[165,103639,103640],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[165,103642,103643],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103645,103646],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[34,103648,1366],{"id":1365},[20,103650,8158,103651,32],{},[15,103652,102540],{},[1200,103654,1379,103656,103658],{"id":103655},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103657,102540],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103660,4232],{},[39,103662,103664],{"className":41,"code":103663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103665,103666,103686,103704,103708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103667,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103669,3321],{"class":54},[48,103671,59],{"class":58},[48,103673,10203],{"class":84},[48,103675,272],{"class":488},[48,103677,365],{"class":84},[48,103679,489],{"class":488},[48,103681,365],{"class":84},[48,103683,2152],{"class":488},[48,103685,9021],{"class":84},[48,103687,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103689,3321],{"class":54},[48,103691,59],{"class":58},[48,103693,3969],{"class":54},[48,103695,32],{"class":84},[48,103697,102607],{"class":87},[48,103699,91],{"class":84},[48,103701,280],{"class":488},[48,103703,102],{"class":84},[48,103705,103706],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103707,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103709,103710,103712,103714,103716],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103711,109],{"class":108},[48,103713,91],{"class":84},[48,103715,3353],{"class":87},[48,103717,102],{"class":84},[20,103719,103720,41862,103722,8311,103724,1572,103726,32],{},[15,103721,3353],{},[15,103723,3483],{},[15,103725,102540],{},[15,103727,3483],{},[20,103729,18558],{},[39,103731,103733],{"className":41,"code":103732,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103734,103735,103755,103769,103773],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103736,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103738,3321],{"class":54},[48,103740,59],{"class":58},[48,103742,10203],{"class":84},[48,103744,272],{"class":488},[48,103746,365],{"class":84},[48,103748,489],{"class":488},[48,103750,365],{"class":84},[48,103752,2152],{"class":488},[48,103754,9021],{"class":84},[48,103756,103757,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103758,3353],{"class":54},[48,103760,32],{"class":84},[48,103762,102607],{"class":87},[48,103764,91],{"class":84},[48,103766,280],{"class":488},[48,103768,102],{"class":84},[48,103770,103771],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103772,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,103774,103775,103777,103779,103781],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,103776,109],{"class":108},[48,103778,91],{"class":84},[48,103780,3353],{"class":87},[48,103782,102],{"class":84},[1200,103784,36914,103786,8415,103788],{"id":103785},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103787,102540],{},[15,103789,55228],{},[20,103791,103792,103793,32],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103794,102540],{},[39,103796,103798],{"className":41,"code":103797,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103799,103800,103832,103853],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103801,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103803,35800],{"class":54},[48,103805,59],{"class":58},[48,103807,10203],{"class":84},[48,103809,94],{"class":62},[48,103811,224],{"class":66},[48,103813,94],{"class":62},[48,103815,365],{"class":84},[48,103817,63],{"class":62},[48,103819,4466],{"class":66},[48,103821,94],{"class":62},[48,103823,365],{"class":84},[48,103825,63],{"class":62},[48,103827,632],{"class":66},[48,103829,94],{"class":62},[48,103831,9021],{"class":84},[48,103833,103834,103836,103838,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103835,35853],{"class":54},[48,103837,32],{"class":84},[48,103839,102607],{"class":87},[48,103841,91],{"class":84},[48,103843,94],{"class":62},[48,103845,1029],{"class":66},[48,103847,94],{"class":62},[48,103849,3366],{"class":84},[48,103851,103852],{"class":129},"   # safe\n",[48,103854,103855,103857,103859,103861],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103856,109],{"class":108},[48,103858,91],{"class":84},[48,103860,35853],{"class":87},[48,103862,102],{"class":84},[20,103864,103865,103866,45615,103869,32],{},"If you use ",[15,103867,103868],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103870,19405],{},[1200,103872,25333,103874,103876],{"id":103873},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103875,102540],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103878,103879,101893],{},[15,103880,102540],{},[20,103882,16360],{},[39,103884,103886],{"className":41,"code":103885,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103887,103888,103908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103889,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103891,7489],{"class":54},[48,103893,59],{"class":58},[48,103895,3326],{"class":84},[48,103897,272],{"class":488},[48,103899,365],{"class":84},[48,103901,489],{"class":488},[48,103903,365],{"class":84},[48,103905,2152],{"class":488},[48,103907,3339],{"class":84},[48,103909,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103911,7520],{"class":54},[48,103913,32],{"class":84},[48,103915,102607],{"class":87},[48,103917,91],{"class":84},[48,103919,280],{"class":488},[48,103921,102],{"class":84},[20,103923,103924,103925,503],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103926,102540],{},[39,103928,103930],{"className":41,"code":103929,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103931,103932,103952,103966],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103933,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103935,7489],{"class":54},[48,103937,59],{"class":58},[48,103939,10203],{"class":84},[48,103941,272],{"class":488},[48,103943,365],{"class":84},[48,103945,489],{"class":488},[48,103947,365],{"class":84},[48,103949,2152],{"class":488},[48,103951,9021],{"class":84},[48,103953,103954,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,103955,7520],{"class":54},[48,103957,32],{"class":84},[48,103959,102607],{"class":87},[48,103961,91],{"class":84},[48,103963,280],{"class":488},[48,103965,102],{"class":84},[48,103967,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,103969,109],{"class":108},[48,103971,91],{"class":84},[48,103973,7520],{"class":87},[48,103975,102],{"class":84},[1200,103977,103979],{"id":103978},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103981,103982],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103984,2535],{},[39,103986,103988],{"className":41,"code":103987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103989,103990,104010],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,103991,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,103993,8877],{"class":54},[48,103995,59],{"class":58},[48,103997,10203],{"class":84},[48,103999,272],{"class":488},[48,104001,365],{"class":84},[48,104003,489],{"class":488},[48,104005,365],{"class":84},[48,104007,2152],{"class":488},[48,104009,9021],{"class":84},[48,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104013,8916],{"class":54},[48,104015,32],{"class":84},[48,104017,102607],{"class":87},[48,104019,2684],{"class":84},[48,104021,280],{"class":488},[48,104023,3593],{"class":84},[20,104025,104026],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[34,104028,8583],{"id":8582},[20,104030,8586,104031,104033],{},[15,104032,102540],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[39,104035,104037],{"className":41,"code":104036,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104038,104039,104049,104063,104077],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104040,104041,104043,104045,104047],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104042,109],{"class":108},[48,104044,91],{"class":84},[48,104046,15382],{"class":87},[48,104048,102],{"class":84},[48,104050,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104052,109],{"class":108},[48,104054,91],{"class":84},[48,104056,2921],{"class":1047},[48,104058,91],{"class":84},[48,104060,15382],{"class":87},[48,104062,1034],{"class":84},[48,104064,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104066,109],{"class":108},[48,104068,91],{"class":84},[48,104070,2147],{"class":87},[48,104072,3587],{"class":1107},[48,104074,96610],{"class":87},[48,104076,102],{"class":84},[48,104078,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104080,31864],{"class":108},[48,104082,91],{"class":84},[48,104084,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104086,32],{"class":84},[48,104088,102607],{"class":24466},[48,104090,102],{"class":84},[20,104092,10883],{},[162,104094,104095,104098,104101,104104],{},[165,104096,104097],{},"What is currently in the set",[165,104099,104100],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[165,104102,104103],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[165,104105,104106],{},"How Python documents the method",[34,104108,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,104110,104112],{"id":104111},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104114,104115,104116,104118],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104117,102540],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1200,104120,4849,104122,1543],{"id":104121},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104123,102545],{},[20,104125,4855,104126,104128],{},[15,104127,3483],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1200,104130,1559,104132,500,104134,1564],{"id":104131},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104133,102540],{},[15,104135,55228],{},[20,104137,104138,104139,26254,104141,104143,104144,104146],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104140,55228],{},[15,104142,19405],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104145,102540],{}," does not.",[1200,104148,28044,104150,104152],{"id":104149},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104151,102540],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104154,46071,104155,104157],{},[15,104156,102540],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[34,104159,1599],{"id":1598},[162,104161,104162,104168,104174,104179,104183],{},[165,104163,104164],{},[224,104165,96500,104166,754],{"href":97895},[15,104167,55228],{},[165,104169,104170],{},[224,104171,96500,104172,754],{"href":97900},[15,104173,12476],{},[165,104175,104176],{},[224,104177,104178],{"href":97569},"Python set: creating a set",[165,104180,104181],{},[224,104182,100035],{"href":98477},[165,104184,104185],{},[224,104186,10975],{"href":10786},[1633,104188,104189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":104191},[104192,104193,104195,104198,104203,104204,104205,104206,104208,104217,104218,104227],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":102717,"depth":73,"text":104194},"What set.discard() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":104196},[104197],{"id":102790,"depth":105,"text":102791},{"id":102870,"depth":73,"text":104199,"children":104200},"What makes discard() different",[104201],{"id":102909,"depth":105,"text":104202},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103062,"depth":73,"text":103063},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":103433,"depth":73,"text":103434},{"id":103626,"depth":73,"text":104207},"When to use discard()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":104209},[104210,104212,104214,104216],{"id":103655,"depth":105,"text":104211},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103785,"depth":105,"text":104213},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103873,"depth":105,"text":104215},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103978,"depth":105,"text":103979},{"id":8582,"depth":73,"text":8583},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":104219},[104220,104221,104223,104225],{"id":104111,"depth":105,"text":104112},{"id":104121,"depth":105,"text":104222},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104131,"depth":105,"text":104224},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104149,"depth":105,"text":104226},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102532,"description":104228},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104235,"title":104236,"body":104237,"description":106243,"extension":1666,"meta":106244,"navigation":122,"path":106245,"seo":106246,"stem":106247,"__hash__":106248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104238,"toc":106201},[104239,104242,104250,104255,104266,104268,104323,104327,104347,104352,104356,104361,104363,104377,104379,104454,104456,104489,104494,104499,104501,104503,104518,104521,104529,104534,104549,104551,104640,104642,104731,104737,104741,104743,104781,104783,104807,104810,104825,104827,104882,104884,104917,104919,104924,104928,104932,104937,105002,105004,105024,105030,105034,105091,105093,105114,105118,105123,105168,105170,105203,105206,105210,105243,105245,105274,105278,105282,105285,105287,105306,105308,105354,105359,105373,105375,105406,105411,105414,105458,105460,105488,105492,105496,105512,105515,105580,105582,105594,105597,105601,105604,105609,105637,105639,105657,105663,105702,105704,105722,105728,105757,105759,105777,105780,105797,105799,105804,105808,105811,105837,105844,105849,105864,105873,105877,105880,105911,105917,105920,105929,105932,105934,105936,105994,105997,106022,106024,106028,106031,106035,106043,106047,106050,106054,106057,106059,106082,106084,106125,106132,106140,106143,106174,106176,106198],[10,104240,104236],{"id":104241},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104243,8834,104244,104246,104247,32],{},[15,104245,3502],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[565,104248,104249],{},"unique values only",[20,104251,35117,104252,104254],{},[15,104253,3502],{}," to:",[162,104256,104257,104260,104263],{},[165,104258,104259],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[165,104261,104262],{},"check whether a value exists",[165,104264,104265],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[34,104267,37],{"id":36},[39,104269,104271],{"className":41,"code":104270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104272,104273,104297,104312],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104276,3321],{"class":54},[48,104278,59],{"class":58},[48,104280,3326],{"class":84},[48,104282,272],{"class":488},[48,104284,365],{"class":84},[48,104286,489],{"class":488},[48,104288,365],{"class":84},[48,104290,489],{"class":488},[48,104292,365],{"class":84},[48,104294,2152],{"class":488},[48,104296,3339],{"class":84},[48,104298,104299,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104300,104301],{"class":54},"unique_numbers ",[48,104303,59],{"class":58},[48,104305,15349],{"class":1047},[48,104307,91],{"class":84},[48,104309,3353],{"class":87},[48,104311,102],{"class":84},[48,104313,104314,104316,104318,104321],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104315,109],{"class":108},[48,104317,91],{"class":84},[48,104319,104320],{"class":87},"unique_numbers",[48,104322,102],{"class":84},[20,104324,104325],{},[565,104326,1037],{},[39,104328,104329],{"className":41,"code":96293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,104330,104331],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104332,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104334,8990],{"class":84},[48,104336,272],{"class":488},[48,104338,365],{"class":84},[48,104340,489],{"class":488},[48,104342,365],{"class":84},[48,104344,2152],{"class":488},[48,104346,9021],{"class":84},[20,104348,139,104349,104351],{},[15,104350,3502],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[34,104353,104355],{"id":104354},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104357,104358,104360],{},[15,104359,3502],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104362,30251],{},[162,104364,104365,104368,104371,104374],{},[165,104366,104367],{},"A set stores unique items only",[165,104369,104370],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[165,104372,104373],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[165,104375,104376],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104378,182],{},[39,104380,104382],{"className":41,"code":104381,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104383,104384,104424,104439,104443],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104385,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104387,12789],{"class":54},[48,104389,59],{"class":58},[48,104391,3326],{"class":84},[48,104393,94],{"class":62},[48,104395,12806],{"class":66},[48,104397,94],{"class":62},[48,104399,365],{"class":84},[48,104401,63],{"class":62},[48,104403,12823],{"class":66},[48,104405,94],{"class":62},[48,104407,365],{"class":84},[48,104409,63],{"class":62},[48,104411,12806],{"class":66},[48,104413,94],{"class":62},[48,104415,365],{"class":84},[48,104417,63],{"class":62},[48,104419,17173],{"class":66},[48,104421,94],{"class":62},[48,104423,3339],{"class":84},[48,104425,104426,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104427,104428],{"class":54},"unique_colors ",[48,104430,59],{"class":58},[48,104432,15349],{"class":1047},[48,104434,91],{"class":84},[48,104436,17220],{"class":87},[48,104438,102],{"class":84},[48,104440,104441],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104442,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,104444,104445,104447,104449,104452],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104446,109],{"class":108},[48,104448,91],{"class":84},[48,104450,104451],{"class":87},"unique_colors",[48,104453,102],{"class":84},[20,104455,29742],{},[39,104457,104459],{"className":41,"code":104458,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104460,104461],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104462,104463,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104464,8990],{"class":84},[48,104466,3001],{"class":62},[48,104468,12823],{"class":66},[48,104470,3001],{"class":62},[48,104472,365],{"class":84},[48,104474,2996],{"class":62},[48,104476,17173],{"class":66},[48,104478,3001],{"class":62},[48,104480,365],{"class":84},[48,104482,2996],{"class":62},[48,104484,12806],{"class":66},[48,104486,3001],{"class":62},[48,104488,9021],{"class":84},[20,104490,1986,104491,104493],{},[15,104492,65083],{}," appears only once.",[20,104495,104496,104497,32],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[224,104498,96014],{"href":96013},[34,104500,340],{"id":339},[20,104502,343],{},[39,104504,104506],{"className":41,"code":104505,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104507,104508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104509,104510,104512,104514,104516],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104511,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104513,91],{"class":84},[48,104515,3425],{"class":87},[48,104517,102],{"class":84},[20,104519,104520],{},"The argument is optional.",[162,104522,104523,104526],{},[165,104524,104525],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[165,104527,104528],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104530,104531,104532,503],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104533,3502],{},[162,104535,104536,104538,104540,104542,104546],{},[165,104537,7804],{},[165,104539,48660],{},[165,104541,353],{},[165,104543,104544],{},[15,104545,35908],{},[165,104547,104548],{},"another set",[20,104550,1826],{},[39,104552,104554],{"className":41,"code":104553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104555,104556,104582,104604,104622],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104557,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104559,109],{"class":108},[48,104561,91],{"class":84},[48,104563,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104565,2684],{"class":84},[48,104567,272],{"class":488},[48,104569,365],{"class":84},[48,104571,489],{"class":488},[48,104573,365],{"class":84},[48,104575,489],{"class":488},[48,104577,365],{"class":84},[48,104579,2152],{"class":488},[48,104581,2697],{"class":84},[48,104583,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104585,109],{"class":108},[48,104587,91],{"class":84},[48,104589,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104591,5217],{"class":84},[48,104593,2031],{"class":488},[48,104595,365],{"class":84},[48,104597,7500],{"class":488},[48,104599,365],{"class":84},[48,104601,5712],{"class":488},[48,104603,2610],{"class":84},[48,104605,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104607,109],{"class":108},[48,104609,91],{"class":84},[48,104611,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104613,91],{"class":84},[48,104615,94],{"class":62},[48,104617,1008],{"class":66},[48,104619,94],{"class":62},[48,104621,1034],{"class":84},[48,104623,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104625,109],{"class":108},[48,104627,91],{"class":84},[48,104629,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104631,91],{"class":84},[48,104633,59697],{"class":108},[48,104635,91],{"class":84},[48,104637,907],{"class":488},[48,104639,2610],{"class":84},[20,104641,29742],{},[39,104643,104645],{"className":41,"code":104644,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104646,104647,104663,104675,104711],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104648,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104650,8990],{"class":84},[48,104652,272],{"class":488},[48,104654,365],{"class":84},[48,104656,489],{"class":488},[48,104658,365],{"class":84},[48,104660,2152],{"class":488},[48,104662,9021],{"class":84},[48,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104666,8990],{"class":84},[48,104668,2031],{"class":488},[48,104670,365],{"class":84},[48,104672,7500],{"class":488},[48,104674,9021],{"class":84},[48,104676,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104678,8990],{"class":84},[48,104680,3001],{"class":62},[48,104682,60136],{"class":66},[48,104684,3001],{"class":62},[48,104686,365],{"class":84},[48,104688,2996],{"class":62},[48,104690,1247],{"class":66},[48,104692,3001],{"class":62},[48,104694,365],{"class":84},[48,104696,2996],{"class":62},[48,104698,60153],{"class":66},[48,104700,3001],{"class":62},[48,104702,365],{"class":84},[48,104704,2996],{"class":62},[48,104706,60170],{"class":66},[48,104708,3001],{"class":62},[48,104710,9021],{"class":84},[48,104712,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104714,8990],{"class":84},[48,104716,578],{"class":488},[48,104718,365],{"class":84},[48,104720,5204],{"class":488},[48,104722,365],{"class":84},[48,104724,489],{"class":488},[48,104726,365],{"class":84},[48,104728,2152],{"class":488},[48,104730,9021],{"class":84},[20,104732,104733,104734,32],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[224,104735,104736],{"href":64541},"Python list() function explained",[34,104738,104740],{"id":104739},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104742,97966],{},[39,104744,104745],{"className":41,"code":98931,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,104746,104747,104757,104767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104748,104749,104751,104753,104755],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104750,97976],{"class":54},[48,104752,59],{"class":58},[48,104754,15349],{"class":1047},[48,104756,8353],{"class":84},[48,104758,104759,104761,104763,104765],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104760,109],{"class":108},[48,104762,91],{"class":84},[48,104764,97995],{"class":87},[48,104766,102],{"class":84},[48,104768,104769,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104770,109],{"class":108},[48,104772,91],{"class":84},[48,104774,2921],{"class":1047},[48,104776,91],{"class":84},[48,104778,97995],{"class":87},[48,104780,1034],{"class":84},[20,104782,1037],{},[39,104784,104785],{"className":41,"code":98974,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,104786,104787,104793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104788,104789,104791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104790,5995],{"class":1047},[48,104792,8353],{"class":84},[48,104794,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104796,2990],{"class":58},[48,104798,2993],{"class":1767},[48,104800,2996],{"class":62},[48,104802,5995],{"class":66},[48,104804,3001],{"class":62},[48,104806,3004],{"class":58},[20,104808,104809],{},"This is important because:",[162,104811,104812,104817],{},[165,104813,104814,104816],{},[15,104815,3502],{}," creates an empty set",[165,104818,104819,104821,104822,104824],{},[15,104820,3497],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[565,104823,1055],{}," a set",[20,104826,182],{},[39,104828,104830],{"className":41,"code":104829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104831,104832,104842,104850,104854,104868],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104835,2253],{"class":54},[48,104837,59],{"class":58},[48,104839,15349],{"class":1047},[48,104841,8353],{"class":84},[48,104843,104844,104846,104848],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104845,2281],{"class":54},[48,104847,59],{"class":58},[48,104849,9550],{"class":84},[48,104851,104852],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104853,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,104855,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104857,109],{"class":108},[48,104859,91],{"class":84},[48,104861,2921],{"class":1047},[48,104863,91],{"class":84},[48,104865,224],{"class":87},[48,104867,1034],{"class":84},[48,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,104871,109],{"class":108},[48,104873,91],{"class":84},[48,104875,2921],{"class":1047},[48,104877,91],{"class":84},[48,104879,4466],{"class":87},[48,104881,1034],{"class":84},[20,104883,1037],{},[39,104885,104887],{"className":41,"code":104886,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104888,104889,104903],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104890,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104892,2990],{"class":58},[48,104894,2993],{"class":1767},[48,104896,2996],{"class":62},[48,104898,5995],{"class":66},[48,104900,3001],{"class":62},[48,104902,3004],{"class":58},[48,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104906,2990],{"class":58},[48,104908,2993],{"class":1767},[48,104910,2996],{"class":62},[48,104912,8532],{"class":66},[48,104914,3001],{"class":62},[48,104916,3004],{"class":58},[20,104918,13763],{},[20,104920,104921,104922,32],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[224,104923,104178],{"href":96017},[34,104925,104927],{"id":104926},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1200,104929,104931],{"id":104930},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104933,104934,104935,32],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104936,3502],{},[39,104938,104940],{"className":41,"code":104939,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104941,104942,104974,104988,104992],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,104943,104944,104946,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,104945,3321],{"class":54},[48,104947,59],{"class":58},[48,104949,3326],{"class":84},[48,104951,272],{"class":488},[48,104953,365],{"class":84},[48,104955,489],{"class":488},[48,104957,365],{"class":84},[48,104959,489],{"class":488},[48,104961,365],{"class":84},[48,104963,2152],{"class":488},[48,104965,365],{"class":84},[48,104967,2152],{"class":488},[48,104969,365],{"class":84},[48,104971,2152],{"class":488},[48,104973,3339],{"class":84},[48,104975,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,104977,1929],{"class":54},[48,104979,59],{"class":58},[48,104981,15349],{"class":1047},[48,104983,91],{"class":84},[48,104985,3353],{"class":87},[48,104987,102],{"class":84},[48,104989,104990],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,104991,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,104995,109],{"class":108},[48,104997,91],{"class":84},[48,104999,1964],{"class":87},[48,105001,102],{"class":84},[20,105003,1037],{},[39,105005,105006],{"className":41,"code":96293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105007,105008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105009,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020,105022],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105011,8990],{"class":84},[48,105013,272],{"class":488},[48,105015,365],{"class":84},[48,105017,489],{"class":488},[48,105019,365],{"class":84},[48,105021,2152],{"class":488},[48,105023,9021],{"class":84},[20,105025,105026,105027,32],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[224,105028,98764],{"href":105029},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1200,105031,105033],{"id":105032},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[39,105035,105037],{"className":41,"code":105036,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105038,105039,105063,105077,105081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105042,3528],{"class":54},[48,105044,59],{"class":58},[48,105046,8948],{"class":84},[48,105048,1837],{"class":488},[48,105050,365],{"class":84},[48,105052,549],{"class":488},[48,105054,365],{"class":84},[48,105056,5712],{"class":488},[48,105058,365],{"class":84},[48,105060,37647],{"class":488},[48,105062,102],{"class":84},[48,105064,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105066,1929],{"class":54},[48,105068,59],{"class":58},[48,105070,15349],{"class":1047},[48,105072,91],{"class":84},[48,105074,5065],{"class":87},[48,105076,102],{"class":84},[48,105078,105079],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,105080,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,105082,105083,105085,105087,105089],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,105084,109],{"class":108},[48,105086,91],{"class":84},[48,105088,1964],{"class":87},[48,105090,102],{"class":84},[20,105092,1037],{},[39,105094,105096],{"className":41,"code":105095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105097,105098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105099,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105101,8990],{"class":84},[48,105103,1837],{"class":488},[48,105105,365],{"class":84},[48,105107,5712],{"class":488},[48,105109,365],{"class":84},[48,105111,37647],{"class":488},[48,105113,9021],{"class":84},[1200,105115,105117],{"id":105116},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105119,50831,105120,105122],{},[15,105121,3502],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[39,105124,105126],{"className":41,"code":105125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105127,105128,105140,105154,105158],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105129,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105131,55],{"class":54},[48,105133,59],{"class":58},[48,105135,63],{"class":62},[48,105137,198],{"class":66},[48,105139,70],{"class":62},[48,105141,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105143,1929],{"class":54},[48,105145,59],{"class":58},[48,105147,15349],{"class":1047},[48,105149,91],{"class":84},[48,105151,213],{"class":87},[48,105153,102],{"class":84},[48,105155,105156],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,105157,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,105159,105160,105162,105164,105166],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,105161,109],{"class":108},[48,105163,91],{"class":84},[48,105165,1964],{"class":87},[48,105167,102],{"class":84},[20,105169,29742],{},[39,105171,105173],{"className":41,"code":105172,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105174,105175],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105176,105177,105179,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105178,8990],{"class":84},[48,105180,3001],{"class":62},[48,105182,4466],{"class":66},[48,105184,3001],{"class":62},[48,105186,365],{"class":84},[48,105188,2996],{"class":62},[48,105190,224],{"class":66},[48,105192,3001],{"class":62},[48,105194,365],{"class":84},[48,105196,2996],{"class":62},[48,105198,954],{"class":66},[48,105200,3001],{"class":62},[48,105202,9021],{"class":84},[20,105204,105205],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1200,105207,105209],{"id":105208},"from-range","From range()",[39,105211,105213],{"className":41,"code":105212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105214,105215,105233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105216,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105218,1929],{"class":54},[48,105220,59],{"class":58},[48,105222,15349],{"class":1047},[48,105224,91],{"class":84},[48,105226,59697],{"class":108},[48,105228,91],{"class":84},[48,105230,1837],{"class":488},[48,105232,1034],{"class":84},[48,105234,105235,105237,105239,105241],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105236,109],{"class":108},[48,105238,91],{"class":84},[48,105240,1964],{"class":87},[48,105242,102],{"class":84},[20,105244,1037],{},[39,105246,105248],{"className":41,"code":105247,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105249,105250],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105251,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105253,8990],{"class":84},[48,105255,578],{"class":488},[48,105257,365],{"class":84},[48,105259,5204],{"class":488},[48,105261,365],{"class":84},[48,105263,489],{"class":488},[48,105265,365],{"class":84},[48,105267,2152],{"class":488},[48,105269,365],{"class":84},[48,105271,878],{"class":488},[48,105273,9021],{"class":84},[34,105275,105277],{"id":105276},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105279,99211,105280,32],{},[565,105281,96057],{},[20,105283,105284],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105286,99217],{},[162,105288,105289,105293,105297,105301],{},[165,105290,105291],{},[15,105292,1887],{},[165,105294,105295],{},[15,105296,3144],{},[165,105298,105299],{},[15,105300,1891],{},[165,105302,105303,105305],{},[15,105304,48660],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105307,182],{},[39,105309,105311],{"className":41,"code":105310,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105312,105313,105344],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105314,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105316,7489],{"class":54},[48,105318,59],{"class":58},[48,105320,10203],{"class":84},[48,105322,272],{"class":488},[48,105324,365],{"class":84},[48,105326,63],{"class":62},[48,105328,1008],{"class":66},[48,105330,94],{"class":62},[48,105332,365],{"class":84},[48,105334,8948],{"class":84},[48,105336,2031],{"class":488},[48,105338,365],{"class":84},[48,105340,7500],{"class":488},[48,105342,105343],{"class":84},")}\n",[48,105345,105346,105348,105350,105352],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105347,109],{"class":108},[48,105349,91],{"class":84},[48,105351,7520],{"class":87},[48,105353,102],{"class":84},[20,105355,99279,105356,105358],{},[565,105357,1055],{}," work inside a set:",[162,105360,105361,105365,105369],{},[165,105362,105363],{},[15,105364,7804],{},[165,105366,105367],{},[15,105368,8532],{},[165,105370,105371],{},[15,105372,5995],{},[20,105374,96782],{},[39,105376,105378],{"className":41,"code":105377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105379,105380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105381,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105383,99298],{"class":54},[48,105385,59],{"class":58},[48,105387,99303],{"class":84},[48,105389,272],{"class":488},[48,105391,365],{"class":84},[48,105393,489],{"class":488},[48,105395,17780],{"class":84},[48,105397,3326],{"class":84},[48,105399,1764],{"class":488},[48,105401,365],{"class":84},[48,105403,878],{"class":488},[48,105405,13420],{"class":84},[20,105407,1553,105408,105410],{},[15,105409,2703],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105412,105413],{},"A safer example:",[39,105415,105417],{"className":41,"code":105416,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105418,105419,105447],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105420,105421,105424,105426,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105422,105423],{"class":54},"good_set ",[48,105425,59],{"class":58},[48,105427,105428],{"class":84}," {(",[48,105430,272],{"class":488},[48,105432,365],{"class":84},[48,105434,489],{"class":488},[48,105436,8945],{"class":84},[48,105438,8948],{"class":84},[48,105440,1764],{"class":488},[48,105442,365],{"class":84},[48,105444,878],{"class":488},[48,105446,105343],{"class":84},[48,105448,105449,105451,105453,105456],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105450,109],{"class":108},[48,105452,91],{"class":84},[48,105454,105455],{"class":87},"good_set",[48,105457,102],{"class":84},[20,105459,1037],{},[39,105461,105463],{"className":41,"code":105462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105464,105465],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105466,105467,105470,105472,105474,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105468,105469],{"class":84},"{(",[48,105471,272],{"class":488},[48,105473,365],{"class":84},[48,105475,489],{"class":488},[48,105477,8945],{"class":84},[48,105479,8948],{"class":84},[48,105481,1764],{"class":488},[48,105483,365],{"class":84},[48,105485,878],{"class":488},[48,105487,105343],{"class":84},[34,105489,105491],{"id":105490},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105493,139,105494,10313],{},[15,105495,3502],{},[162,105497,105498,105501,105506,105509],{},[165,105499,105500],{},"you need unique values only",[165,105502,105503,105504],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105505,3587],{},[165,105507,105508],{},"order does not matter",[165,105510,105511],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105513,105514],{},"Example of membership checking:",[39,105516,105518],{"className":41,"code":105517,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105519,105520,105545,105549,105565],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105521,105522,105525,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105538,105540,105543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105523,105524],{"class":54},"allowed_ids ",[48,105526,59],{"class":58},[48,105528,15349],{"class":1047},[48,105530,2684],{"class":84},[48,105532,46298],{"class":488},[48,105534,365],{"class":84},[48,105536,105537],{"class":488}," 102",[48,105539,365],{"class":84},[48,105541,105542],{"class":488}," 103",[48,105544,3593],{"class":84},[48,105546,105547],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105548,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,105550,105551,105553,105555,105558,105560,105563],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,105552,109],{"class":108},[48,105554,91],{"class":84},[48,105556,105557],{"class":488},"102",[48,105559,20889],{"class":1107},[48,105561,105562],{"class":87}," allowed_ids",[48,105564,102],{"class":84},[48,105566,105567,105569,105571,105574,105576,105578],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,105568,109],{"class":108},[48,105570,91],{"class":84},[48,105572,105573],{"class":488},"999",[48,105575,20889],{"class":1107},[48,105577,105562],{"class":87},[48,105579,102],{"class":84},[20,105581,1037],{},[39,105583,105584],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105585,105586,105590],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105587,105588],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105589,3685],{"class":3556},[48,105591,105592],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105593,3746],{"class":3556},[20,105595,105596],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[34,105598,105600],{"id":105599},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105602,105603],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1200,105605,139,105607,97908],{"id":105606},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105608,3502],{},[39,105610,105611],{"className":41,"code":97969,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105612,105613,105623],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105614,105615,105617,105619,105621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105616,97976],{"class":54},[48,105618,59],{"class":58},[48,105620,15349],{"class":1047},[48,105622,8353],{"class":84},[48,105624,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105626,109],{"class":108},[48,105628,91],{"class":84},[48,105630,2921],{"class":1047},[48,105632,91],{"class":84},[48,105634,97995],{"class":87},[48,105636,1034],{"class":84},[20,105638,1037],{},[39,105640,105641],{"className":41,"code":8563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105642,105643],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105644,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105646,2990],{"class":58},[48,105648,2993],{"class":1767},[48,105650,2996],{"class":62},[48,105652,5995],{"class":66},[48,105654,3001],{"class":62},[48,105656,3004],{"class":58},[1200,105658,139,105660,105662],{"id":105659},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105661,99968],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[39,105664,105666],{"className":41,"code":105665,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105667,105668,105688],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105669,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105671,3321],{"class":54},[48,105673,59],{"class":58},[48,105675,10203],{"class":84},[48,105677,272],{"class":488},[48,105679,365],{"class":84},[48,105681,489],{"class":488},[48,105683,365],{"class":84},[48,105685,2152],{"class":488},[48,105687,9021],{"class":84},[48,105689,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105691,109],{"class":108},[48,105693,91],{"class":84},[48,105695,2921],{"class":1047},[48,105697,91],{"class":84},[48,105699,3353],{"class":87},[48,105701,1034],{"class":84},[20,105703,1037],{},[39,105705,105706],{"className":41,"code":8563,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105707,105708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105709,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105711,2990],{"class":58},[48,105713,2993],{"class":1767},[48,105715,2996],{"class":62},[48,105717,5995],{"class":66},[48,105719,3001],{"class":62},[48,105721,3004],{"class":58},[1200,105723,139,105725,105727],{"id":105724},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105726,3497],{}," for an empty dictionary",[39,105729,105731],{"className":41,"code":105730,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105732,105733,105742],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105734,105735,105738,105740],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105736,105737],{"class":54},"empty_dict ",[48,105739,59],{"class":58},[48,105741,9550],{"class":84},[48,105743,105744,105746,105748,105750,105752,105755],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105745,109],{"class":108},[48,105747,91],{"class":84},[48,105749,2921],{"class":1047},[48,105751,91],{"class":84},[48,105753,105754],{"class":87},"empty_dict",[48,105756,1034],{"class":84},[20,105758,1037],{},[39,105760,105761],{"className":41,"code":8519,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105762,105763],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105764,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105766,2990],{"class":58},[48,105768,2993],{"class":1767},[48,105770,2996],{"class":62},[48,105772,8532],{"class":66},[48,105774,3001],{"class":62},[48,105776,3004],{"class":58},[20,105778,105779],{},"So the rule is simple:",[162,105781,105782,105787,105792],{},[165,105783,105784,105786],{},[15,105785,3502],{}," → empty set",[165,105788,105789,105791],{},[15,105790,99968],{}," → non-empty set",[165,105793,105794,105796],{},[15,105795,3497],{}," → empty dictionary",[34,105798,1366],{"id":1365},[20,105800,105801,105802,32],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105803,3502],{},[1200,105805,758,105806,99566],{"id":99563},[15,105807,3497],{},[20,105809,105810],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[39,105812,105813],{"className":41,"code":99572,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,105814,105815,105823],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105816,105817,105819,105821],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105818,2147],{"class":54},[48,105820,59],{"class":58},[48,105822,9550],{"class":84},[48,105824,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105826,109],{"class":108},[48,105828,91],{"class":84},[48,105830,2921],{"class":1047},[48,105832,91],{"class":84},[48,105834,362],{"class":87},[48,105836,1034],{"class":84},[1200,105838,105840,105841],{"id":105839},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105842,105843],{},"set(5)",[20,105845,105846,105848],{},[15,105847,3502],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[39,105850,105852],{"className":41,"code":105851,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set(5)\n",[15,105853,105854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105855,105856,105858,105860,105862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105857,5995],{"class":1047},[48,105859,91],{"class":84},[48,105861,1837],{"class":488},[48,105863,102],{"class":84},[20,105865,2700,105866,105868,105869,32],{},[15,105867,2703],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[224,105870,105872],{"href":105871},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1200,105874,105876],{"id":105875},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105878,105879],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,105881,105883],{"className":41,"code":105882,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105884,105885],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105886,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907,105909],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105888,2147],{"class":54},[48,105890,59],{"class":58},[48,105892,99303],{"class":84},[48,105894,272],{"class":488},[48,105896,365],{"class":84},[48,105898,489],{"class":488},[48,105900,17780],{"class":84},[48,105902,3326],{"class":84},[48,105904,1764],{"class":488},[48,105906,365],{"class":84},[48,105908,878],{"class":488},[48,105910,13420],{"class":84},[1200,105912,1379,105914,105916],{"id":105913},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105915,3502],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105918,105919],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1200,105921,36914,105923,8415,105925,1358,105927],{"id":105922},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105924,3502],{},[15,105926,24497],{},[15,105928,8831],{},[20,105930,105931],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[34,105933,60406],{"id":60405},[20,105935,10825],{},[39,105937,105939],{"className":41,"code":105938,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105940,105941,105956,105966,105980],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,105942,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951,105954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,105944,109],{"class":108},[48,105946,91],{"class":84},[48,105948,2921],{"class":1047},[48,105950,91],{"class":84},[48,105952,105953],{"class":87},"my_value",[48,105955,1034],{"class":84},[48,105957,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,105959,109],{"class":108},[48,105961,91],{"class":84},[48,105963,105953],{"class":87},[48,105965,102],{"class":84},[48,105967,105968,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,105969,109],{"class":108},[48,105971,91],{"class":84},[48,105973,7804],{"class":1047},[48,105975,91],{"class":84},[48,105977,15382],{"class":87},[48,105979,1034],{"class":84},[48,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,105983,109],{"class":108},[48,105985,91],{"class":84},[48,105987,10874],{"class":108},[48,105989,91],{"class":84},[48,105991,15382],{"class":87},[48,105993,1034],{"class":84},[20,105995,105996],{},"What they help you see:",[162,105998,105999,106005,106010,106016],{},[165,106000,106001,106004],{},[15,106002,106003],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[165,106006,106007,90233],{},[15,106008,106009],{},"print(my_value)",[165,106011,106012,106015],{},[15,106013,106014],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[165,106017,106018,106021],{},[15,106019,106020],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[34,106023,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,106025,106027],{"id":106026},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106029,106030],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1200,106032,106034],{"id":106033},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106036,139,106037,106039,106040,106042],{},[15,106038,3502],{},". Do not use ",[15,106041,3497],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1200,106044,106046],{"id":106045},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106048,106049],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1200,106051,106053],{"id":106052},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106055,106056],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106058,182],{},[39,106060,106062],{"className":41,"code":106061,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106063,106064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106065,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106067,109],{"class":108},[48,106069,91],{"class":84},[48,106071,5995],{"class":1047},[48,106073,91],{"class":84},[48,106075,94],{"class":62},[48,106077,3785],{"class":66},[48,106079,94],{"class":62},[48,106081,1034],{"class":84},[20,106083,29742],{},[39,106085,106087],{"className":41,"code":106086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106088,106089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106090,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106092,8990],{"class":84},[48,106094,3001],{"class":62},[48,106096,224],{"class":66},[48,106098,3001],{"class":62},[48,106100,365],{"class":84},[48,106102,2996],{"class":62},[48,106104,20],{"class":66},[48,106106,3001],{"class":62},[48,106108,365],{"class":84},[48,106110,2996],{"class":62},[48,106112,60153],{"class":66},[48,106114,3001],{"class":62},[48,106116,365],{"class":84},[48,106118,2996],{"class":62},[48,106120,1247],{"class":66},[48,106122,3001],{"class":62},[48,106124,9021],{"class":84},[1200,106126,4865,106128,106131],{"id":106127},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106129,106130],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106133,106134,28401,106136,106139],{},[15,106135,3502],{},[565,106137,106138],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106141,106142],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[39,106144,106146],{"className":41,"code":106145,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106147,106148],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106149,106150,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106151,109],{"class":108},[48,106153,91],{"class":84},[48,106155,5995],{"class":1047},[48,106157,2684],{"class":84},[48,106159,272],{"class":488},[48,106161,365],{"class":84},[48,106163,489],{"class":488},[48,106165,365],{"class":84},[48,106167,2152],{"class":488},[48,106169,365],{"class":84},[48,106171,878],{"class":488},[48,106173,2697],{"class":84},[34,106175,1599],{"id":1598},[162,106177,106178,106182,106186,106190,106194],{},[165,106179,106180],{},[224,106181,96014],{"href":96013},[165,106183,106184],{},[224,106185,104178],{"href":96017},[165,106187,106188],{},[224,106189,100030],{"href":105029},[165,106191,106192],{},[224,106193,104736],{"href":64541},[165,106195,106196],{},[224,106197,105872],{"href":105871},[1633,106199,106200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":106202},[106203,106204,106205,106206,106207,106213,106214,106215,106223,106233,106234,106242],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":104354,"depth":73,"text":104355},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":104739,"depth":73,"text":104740},{"id":104926,"depth":73,"text":104927,"children":106208},[106209,106210,106211,106212],{"id":104930,"depth":105,"text":104931},{"id":105032,"depth":105,"text":105033},{"id":105116,"depth":105,"text":105117},{"id":105208,"depth":105,"text":105209},{"id":105276,"depth":73,"text":105277},{"id":105490,"depth":73,"text":105491},{"id":105599,"depth":73,"text":105600,"children":106216},[106217,106219,106221],{"id":105606,"depth":105,"text":106218},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105659,"depth":105,"text":106220},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105724,"depth":105,"text":106222},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":106224},[106225,106226,106228,106229,106231],{"id":99563,"depth":105,"text":100071},{"id":105839,"depth":105,"text":106227},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105875,"depth":105,"text":105876},{"id":105913,"depth":105,"text":106230},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105922,"depth":105,"text":106232},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60405,"depth":73,"text":60406},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":106235},[106236,106237,106238,106239,106240],{"id":106026,"depth":105,"text":106027},{"id":106033,"depth":105,"text":106034},{"id":106045,"depth":105,"text":106046},{"id":106052,"depth":105,"text":106053},{"id":106127,"depth":105,"text":106241},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104236,"description":106243},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106250,"title":106251,"body":106252,"description":107767,"extension":1666,"meta":107768,"navigation":122,"path":107769,"seo":107770,"stem":107771,"__hash__":107772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106253,"toc":107743},[106254,106260,106265,106268,106351,106356,106361,106366,106368,106381,106385,106387,106406,106409,106432,106435,106446,106448,106529,106531,106548,106550,106556,106559,106654,106656,106687,106689,106697,106699,106702,106813,106815,106840,106842,106864,106869,106874,106880,106989,106991,107007,107010,107013,107096,107098,107115,107123,107125,107129,107135,107226,107228,107261,107266,107273,107350,107352,107369,107375,107377,107381,107397,107400,107426,107428,107489,107491,107614,107616,107667,107673,107675,107680,107682,107688,107691,107695,107698,107702,107705,107715,107717,107740],[10,106255,3277,106257,18],{"id":106256},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106258,106259],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106261,765,106262,106264],{},[15,106263,106259],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106266,106267],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[39,106269,106271],{"className":41,"code":106270,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106272,106273,106293,106313,106317,106336,106346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106274,106275,106277,106279,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106276,2253],{"class":54},[48,106278,59],{"class":58},[48,106280,10203],{"class":84},[48,106282,272],{"class":488},[48,106284,365],{"class":84},[48,106286,489],{"class":488},[48,106288,365],{"class":84},[48,106290,2152],{"class":488},[48,106292,9021],{"class":84},[48,106294,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106296,2281],{"class":54},[48,106298,59],{"class":58},[48,106300,10203],{"class":84},[48,106302,280],{"class":488},[48,106304,365],{"class":84},[48,106306,2152],{"class":488},[48,106308,365],{"class":84},[48,106310,878],{"class":488},[48,106312,9021],{"class":84},[48,106314,106315],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,106316,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106318,106319,106321,106323,106325,106327,106330,106332,106334],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,106320,1929],{"class":54},[48,106322,59],{"class":58},[48,106324,56587],{"class":54},[48,106326,32],{"class":84},[48,106328,106329],{"class":87},"intersection",[48,106331,91],{"class":84},[48,106333,4466],{"class":87},[48,106335,102],{"class":84},[48,106337,106338,106340,106342,106344],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,106339,109],{"class":108},[48,106341,91],{"class":84},[48,106343,1964],{"class":87},[48,106345,102],{"class":84},[48,106347,106348],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,106349,106350],{"class":129},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106352,139,106353,106355],{},[15,106354,102477],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[34,106357,12710,106359,12713],{"id":106358},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106360,102477],{},[20,106362,106363,106365],{},[15,106364,102477],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106367,160],{},[162,106369,106370,106373,106375,106378],{},[165,106371,106372],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[165,106374,100247],{},[165,106376,106377],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[165,106379,106380],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106382,96010,106383,32],{},[224,106384,96014],{"href":96013},[34,106386,340],{"id":339},[39,106388,106390],{"className":41,"code":106389,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106391,106392],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106393,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106395,100271],{"class":54},[48,106397,32],{"class":84},[48,106399,106329],{"class":87},[48,106401,91],{"class":84},[48,106403,100280],{"class":87},[48,106405,102],{"class":84},[20,106407,106408],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[39,106410,106412],{"className":41,"code":106411,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106413,106414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106415,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106417,100271],{"class":54},[48,106419,32],{"class":84},[48,106421,106329],{"class":87},[48,106423,91],{"class":84},[48,106425,100280],{"class":87},[48,106427,365],{"class":84},[48,106429,100307],{"class":87},[48,106431,102],{"class":84},[20,106433,106434],{},"Important notes:",[162,106436,106437,106440,106443],{},[165,106438,106439],{},"The result is always a new set",[165,106441,106442],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[165,106444,106445],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106447,182],{},[39,106449,106451],{"className":41,"code":106450,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106452,106453,106477,106497,106501,106519],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106454,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106456,2253],{"class":54},[48,106458,59],{"class":58},[48,106460,10203],{"class":84},[48,106462,272],{"class":488},[48,106464,365],{"class":84},[48,106466,489],{"class":488},[48,106468,365],{"class":84},[48,106470,2152],{"class":488},[48,106472,365],{"class":84},[48,106474,878],{"class":488},[48,106476,9021],{"class":84},[48,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106480,2281],{"class":54},[48,106482,59],{"class":58},[48,106484,10203],{"class":84},[48,106486,1764],{"class":488},[48,106488,365],{"class":84},[48,106490,878],{"class":488},[48,106492,365],{"class":84},[48,106494,549],{"class":488},[48,106496,9021],{"class":84},[48,106498,106499],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,106500,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106502,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,106504,1929],{"class":54},[48,106506,59],{"class":58},[48,106508,56587],{"class":54},[48,106510,32],{"class":84},[48,106512,106329],{"class":87},[48,106514,91],{"class":84},[48,106516,4466],{"class":87},[48,106518,102],{"class":84},[48,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,106522,109],{"class":108},[48,106524,91],{"class":84},[48,106526,1964],{"class":87},[48,106528,102],{"class":84},[20,106530,1037],{},[39,106532,106534],{"className":41,"code":106533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106535,106536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106539,8990],{"class":84},[48,106541,1764],{"class":488},[48,106543,365],{"class":84},[48,106545,878],{"class":488},[48,106547,9021],{"class":84},[34,106549,17136],{"id":17135},[20,106551,106552,21691,106554,32],{},[15,106553,102477],{},[565,106555,5995],{},[20,106557,106558],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[39,106560,106562],{"className":41,"code":106561,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106563,106564,106584,106604,106608,106626,106630,106640],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106565,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106567,2253],{"class":54},[48,106569,59],{"class":58},[48,106571,10203],{"class":84},[48,106573,272],{"class":488},[48,106575,365],{"class":84},[48,106577,489],{"class":488},[48,106579,365],{"class":84},[48,106581,2152],{"class":488},[48,106583,9021],{"class":84},[48,106585,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106587,2281],{"class":54},[48,106589,59],{"class":58},[48,106591,10203],{"class":84},[48,106593,280],{"class":488},[48,106595,365],{"class":84},[48,106597,2152],{"class":488},[48,106599,365],{"class":84},[48,106601,878],{"class":488},[48,106603,9021],{"class":84},[48,106605,106606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,106607,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106609,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,106611,1929],{"class":54},[48,106613,59],{"class":58},[48,106615,56587],{"class":54},[48,106617,32],{"class":84},[48,106619,106329],{"class":87},[48,106621,91],{"class":84},[48,106623,4466],{"class":87},[48,106625,102],{"class":84},[48,106627,106628],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,106629,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106631,106632,106634,106636,106638],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,106633,109],{"class":108},[48,106635,91],{"class":84},[48,106637,1964],{"class":87},[48,106639,102],{"class":84},[48,106641,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,106643,109],{"class":108},[48,106645,91],{"class":84},[48,106647,2921],{"class":1047},[48,106649,91],{"class":84},[48,106651,1964],{"class":87},[48,106653,1034],{"class":84},[20,106655,1037],{},[39,106657,106659],{"className":41,"code":106658,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106660,106661,106673],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106664,8990],{"class":84},[48,106666,280],{"class":488},[48,106668,365],{"class":84},[48,106670,2152],{"class":488},[48,106672,9021],{"class":84},[48,106674,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106676,2990],{"class":58},[48,106678,2993],{"class":1767},[48,106680,2996],{"class":62},[48,106682,5995],{"class":66},[48,106684,3001],{"class":62},[48,106686,3004],{"class":58},[20,106688,85496],{},[162,106690,106691,106694],{},[165,106692,106693],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[165,106695,106696],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[34,106698,11187],{"id":11186},[20,106700,106701],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[39,106703,106705],{"className":41,"code":106704,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106706,106707,106740,106773,106777,106798,106802],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106708,106709,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106710,106711],{"class":54},"colors1 ",[48,106713,59],{"class":58},[48,106715,10203],{"class":84},[48,106717,94],{"class":62},[48,106719,12806],{"class":66},[48,106721,94],{"class":62},[48,106723,365],{"class":84},[48,106725,63],{"class":62},[48,106727,12823],{"class":66},[48,106729,94],{"class":62},[48,106731,365],{"class":84},[48,106733,63],{"class":62},[48,106735,17173],{"class":66},[48,106737,94],{"class":62},[48,106739,9021],{"class":84},[48,106741,106742,106745,106747,106749,106751,106753,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106743,106744],{"class":54},"colors2 ",[48,106746,59],{"class":58},[48,106748,10203],{"class":84},[48,106750,94],{"class":62},[48,106752,17173],{"class":66},[48,106754,94],{"class":62},[48,106756,365],{"class":84},[48,106758,63],{"class":62},[48,106760,22239],{"class":66},[48,106762,94],{"class":62},[48,106764,365],{"class":84},[48,106766,63],{"class":62},[48,106768,12823],{"class":66},[48,106770,94],{"class":62},[48,106772,9021],{"class":84},[48,106774,106775],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,106776,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106778,106779,106782,106784,106787,106789,106791,106793,106796],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,106780,106781],{"class":54},"common_colors ",[48,106783,59],{"class":58},[48,106785,106786],{"class":54}," colors1",[48,106788,32],{"class":84},[48,106790,106329],{"class":87},[48,106792,91],{"class":84},[48,106794,106795],{"class":87},"colors2",[48,106797,102],{"class":84},[48,106799,106800],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,106801,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106803,106804,106806,106808,106811],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,106805,109],{"class":108},[48,106807,91],{"class":84},[48,106809,106810],{"class":87},"common_colors",[48,106812,102],{"class":84},[20,106814,1037],{},[39,106816,106818],{"className":41,"code":106817,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106819,106820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106821,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106823,8990],{"class":84},[48,106825,3001],{"class":62},[48,106827,12823],{"class":66},[48,106829,3001],{"class":62},[48,106831,365],{"class":84},[48,106833,2996],{"class":62},[48,106835,17173],{"class":66},[48,106837,3001],{"class":62},[48,106839,9021],{"class":84},[20,106841,11396],{},[162,106843,106844,106850,106854,106859],{},[165,106845,106846,106849],{},[15,106847,106848],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[165,106851,106852,106849],{},[15,106853,106795],{},[165,106855,106856,106858],{},[15,106857,102477],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[165,106860,106861,106862],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106863,106810],{},[34,106865,758,106867,100844],{"id":106866},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106868,102477],{},[20,106870,106871,106872,32],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106873,102477],{},[20,106875,106876,106877,106879],{},"Only the values found in ",[565,106878,3420],{}," inputs will be kept.",[39,106881,106883],{"className":41,"code":106882,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106884,106885,106909,106933,106953,106957,106979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106888,2253],{"class":54},[48,106890,59],{"class":58},[48,106892,10203],{"class":84},[48,106894,272],{"class":488},[48,106896,365],{"class":84},[48,106898,489],{"class":488},[48,106900,365],{"class":84},[48,106902,2152],{"class":488},[48,106904,365],{"class":84},[48,106906,878],{"class":488},[48,106908,9021],{"class":84},[48,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,106912,2281],{"class":54},[48,106914,59],{"class":58},[48,106916,10203],{"class":84},[48,106918,280],{"class":488},[48,106920,365],{"class":84},[48,106922,2152],{"class":488},[48,106924,365],{"class":84},[48,106926,878],{"class":488},[48,106928,365],{"class":84},[48,106930,549],{"class":488},[48,106932,9021],{"class":84},[48,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,106936,82870],{"class":54},[48,106938,59],{"class":58},[48,106940,10203],{"class":84},[48,106942,1764],{"class":488},[48,106944,365],{"class":84},[48,106946,878],{"class":488},[48,106948,365],{"class":84},[48,106950,37354],{"class":488},[48,106952,9021],{"class":84},[48,106954,106955],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,106956,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,106958,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975,106977],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,106960,1929],{"class":54},[48,106962,59],{"class":58},[48,106964,56587],{"class":54},[48,106966,32],{"class":84},[48,106968,106329],{"class":87},[48,106970,91],{"class":84},[48,106972,4466],{"class":87},[48,106974,365],{"class":84},[48,106976,9394],{"class":87},[48,106978,102],{"class":84},[48,106980,106981,106983,106985,106987],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,106982,109],{"class":108},[48,106984,91],{"class":84},[48,106986,1964],{"class":87},[48,106988,102],{"class":84},[20,106990,1037],{},[39,106992,106993],{"className":41,"code":106533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,106994,106995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,106996,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,106998,8990],{"class":84},[48,107000,1764],{"class":488},[48,107002,365],{"class":84},[48,107004,878],{"class":488},[48,107006,9021],{"class":84},[20,107008,107009],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107011,107012],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[39,107014,107016],{"className":41,"code":107015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107017,107018,107042,107046,107086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107019,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107021,2253],{"class":54},[48,107023,59],{"class":58},[48,107025,10203],{"class":84},[48,107027,272],{"class":488},[48,107029,365],{"class":84},[48,107031,489],{"class":488},[48,107033,365],{"class":84},[48,107035,2152],{"class":488},[48,107037,365],{"class":84},[48,107039,878],{"class":488},[48,107041,9021],{"class":84},[48,107043,107044],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107045,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107047,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107049,1929],{"class":54},[48,107051,59],{"class":58},[48,107053,56587],{"class":54},[48,107055,32],{"class":84},[48,107057,106329],{"class":87},[48,107059,2684],{"class":84},[48,107061,280],{"class":488},[48,107063,365],{"class":84},[48,107065,878],{"class":488},[48,107067,365],{"class":84},[48,107069,37354],{"class":488},[48,107071,17780],{"class":84},[48,107073,8948],{"class":84},[48,107075,272],{"class":488},[48,107077,365],{"class":84},[48,107079,489],{"class":488},[48,107081,365],{"class":84},[48,107083,878],{"class":488},[48,107085,1034],{"class":84},[48,107087,107088,107090,107092,107094],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107089,109],{"class":108},[48,107091,91],{"class":84},[48,107093,1964],{"class":87},[48,107095,102],{"class":84},[20,107097,1037],{},[39,107099,107101],{"className":41,"code":107100,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107102,107103],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107104,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107106,8990],{"class":84},[48,107108,280],{"class":488},[48,107110,365],{"class":84},[48,107112,878],{"class":488},[48,107114,9021],{"class":84},[34,107116,107118,1188,107120],{"id":107117},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107119,102477],{},[15,107121,107122],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107124,101014],{},[1200,107126,107127],{"id":106329},[15,107128,102477],{},[162,107130,107131,107133],{},[165,107132,101023],{},[165,107134,101026],{},[39,107136,107138],{"className":41,"code":107137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107139,107140,107160,107180,107184,107202,107206,107216],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107141,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107143,2253],{"class":54},[48,107145,59],{"class":58},[48,107147,10203],{"class":84},[48,107149,272],{"class":488},[48,107151,365],{"class":84},[48,107153,489],{"class":488},[48,107155,365],{"class":84},[48,107157,2152],{"class":488},[48,107159,9021],{"class":84},[48,107161,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107163,2281],{"class":54},[48,107165,59],{"class":58},[48,107167,10203],{"class":84},[48,107169,280],{"class":488},[48,107171,365],{"class":84},[48,107173,2152],{"class":488},[48,107175,365],{"class":84},[48,107177,878],{"class":488},[48,107179,9021],{"class":84},[48,107181,107182],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107183,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107185,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107187,1929],{"class":54},[48,107189,59],{"class":58},[48,107191,56587],{"class":54},[48,107193,32],{"class":84},[48,107195,106329],{"class":87},[48,107197,91],{"class":84},[48,107199,4466],{"class":87},[48,107201,102],{"class":84},[48,107203,107204],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,107205,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107207,107208,107210,107212,107214],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,107209,109],{"class":108},[48,107211,91],{"class":84},[48,107213,224],{"class":87},[48,107215,102],{"class":84},[48,107217,107218,107220,107222,107224],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,107219,109],{"class":108},[48,107221,91],{"class":84},[48,107223,1964],{"class":87},[48,107225,102],{"class":84},[20,107227,1037],{},[39,107229,107231],{"className":41,"code":107230,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107232,107233,107249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107234,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107236,8990],{"class":84},[48,107238,272],{"class":488},[48,107240,365],{"class":84},[48,107242,489],{"class":488},[48,107244,365],{"class":84},[48,107246,2152],{"class":488},[48,107248,9021],{"class":84},[48,107250,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107252,8990],{"class":84},[48,107254,280],{"class":488},[48,107256,365],{"class":84},[48,107258,2152],{"class":488},[48,107260,9021],{"class":84},[1200,107262,107264],{"id":107263},"intersection_update",[15,107265,107122],{},[162,107267,107268,107270],{},[165,107269,101166],{},[165,107271,107272],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[39,107274,107276],{"className":41,"code":107275,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107277,107278,107298,107318,107322,107336,107340],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107281,2253],{"class":54},[48,107283,59],{"class":58},[48,107285,10203],{"class":84},[48,107287,272],{"class":488},[48,107289,365],{"class":84},[48,107291,489],{"class":488},[48,107293,365],{"class":84},[48,107295,2152],{"class":488},[48,107297,9021],{"class":84},[48,107299,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107301,2281],{"class":54},[48,107303,59],{"class":58},[48,107305,10203],{"class":84},[48,107307,280],{"class":488},[48,107309,365],{"class":84},[48,107311,2152],{"class":488},[48,107313,365],{"class":84},[48,107315,878],{"class":488},[48,107317,9021],{"class":84},[48,107319,107320],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107321,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107323,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107325,224],{"class":54},[48,107327,32],{"class":84},[48,107329,107263],{"class":87},[48,107331,91],{"class":84},[48,107333,4466],{"class":87},[48,107335,102],{"class":84},[48,107337,107338],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,107339,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107341,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,107343,109],{"class":108},[48,107345,91],{"class":84},[48,107347,224],{"class":87},[48,107349,102],{"class":84},[20,107351,1037],{},[39,107353,107355],{"className":41,"code":107354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107356,107357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107358,107359,107361,107363,107365,107367],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107360,8990],{"class":84},[48,107362,280],{"class":488},[48,107364,365],{"class":84},[48,107366,2152],{"class":488},[48,107368,9021],{"class":84},[20,107370,107371,107372,107374],{},"Choose ",[15,107373,102477],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[34,107376,4225],{"id":4224},[20,107378,14448,107379,503],{},[15,107380,102477],{},[162,107382,107383,107386,107389,107392],{},[165,107384,107385],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[165,107387,107388],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[165,107390,107391],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[165,107393,107394,107395],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107396,102477],{},[20,107398,107399],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[162,107401,107402,107407,107410,107423],{},[165,107403,758,107404,107406],{},[15,107405,102477],{}," when order matters",[165,107408,107409],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[165,107411,36914,107412,8415,107414,1358,107419],{},[15,107413,102477],{},[224,107415,107417],{"href":107416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107418,102485],{},[224,107420,107421],{"href":102526},[15,107422,100100],{},[165,107424,107425],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107427,29848],{},[39,107429,107431],{"className":41,"code":107430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107432,107433,107443,107457,107475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107434,107435,107437,107439,107441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107436,109],{"class":108},[48,107438,91],{"class":84},[48,107440,15382],{"class":87},[48,107442,102],{"class":84},[48,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107446,109],{"class":108},[48,107448,91],{"class":84},[48,107450,2921],{"class":1047},[48,107452,91],{"class":84},[48,107454,1964],{"class":87},[48,107456,1034],{"class":84},[48,107458,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107460,109],{"class":108},[48,107462,91],{"class":84},[48,107464,100271],{"class":87},[48,107466,32],{"class":84},[48,107468,106329],{"class":87},[48,107470,91],{"class":84},[48,107472,100280],{"class":87},[48,107474,1034],{"class":84},[48,107476,107477,107479,107481,107483,107485,107487],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107478,109],{"class":108},[48,107480,91],{"class":84},[48,107482,10874],{"class":108},[48,107484,91],{"class":84},[48,107486,1964],{"class":87},[48,107488,1034],{"class":84},[20,107490,182],{},[39,107492,107494],{"className":41,"code":107493,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107495,107496,107520,107540,107544,107562,107566,107576,107586,107600],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107497,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107499,3321],{"class":54},[48,107501,59],{"class":58},[48,107503,10203],{"class":84},[48,107505,272],{"class":488},[48,107507,365],{"class":84},[48,107509,489],{"class":488},[48,107511,365],{"class":84},[48,107513,489],{"class":488},[48,107515,365],{"class":84},[48,107517,2152],{"class":488},[48,107519,9021],{"class":84},[48,107521,107522,107524,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107523,43256],{"class":54},[48,107525,59],{"class":58},[48,107527,10203],{"class":84},[48,107529,280],{"class":488},[48,107531,365],{"class":84},[48,107533,2152],{"class":488},[48,107535,365],{"class":84},[48,107537,878],{"class":488},[48,107539,9021],{"class":84},[48,107541,107542],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107543,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107545,107546,107548,107550,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107547,1929],{"class":54},[48,107549,59],{"class":58},[48,107551,3969],{"class":54},[48,107553,32],{"class":84},[48,107555,106329],{"class":87},[48,107557,91],{"class":84},[48,107559,30454],{"class":87},[48,107561,102],{"class":84},[48,107563,107564],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,107565,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107567,107568,107570,107572,107574],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,107569,109],{"class":108},[48,107571,91],{"class":84},[48,107573,3353],{"class":87},[48,107575,102],{"class":84},[48,107577,107578,107580,107582,107584],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,107579,109],{"class":108},[48,107581,91],{"class":84},[48,107583,1964],{"class":87},[48,107585,102],{"class":84},[48,107587,107588,107590,107592,107594,107596,107598],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,107589,109],{"class":108},[48,107591,91],{"class":84},[48,107593,2921],{"class":1047},[48,107595,91],{"class":84},[48,107597,1964],{"class":87},[48,107599,1034],{"class":84},[48,107601,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,107603,109],{"class":108},[48,107605,91],{"class":84},[48,107607,10874],{"class":108},[48,107609,91],{"class":84},[48,107611,1964],{"class":87},[48,107613,1034],{"class":84},[20,107615,1037],{},[39,107617,107619],{"className":41,"code":107618,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107620,107621,107637,107649,107663],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107622,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107624,8990],{"class":84},[48,107626,272],{"class":488},[48,107628,365],{"class":84},[48,107630,489],{"class":488},[48,107632,365],{"class":84},[48,107634,2152],{"class":488},[48,107636,9021],{"class":84},[48,107638,107639,107641,107643,107645,107647],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107640,8990],{"class":84},[48,107642,280],{"class":488},[48,107644,365],{"class":84},[48,107646,2152],{"class":488},[48,107648,9021],{"class":84},[48,107650,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107652,2990],{"class":58},[48,107654,2993],{"class":1767},[48,107656,2996],{"class":62},[48,107658,5995],{"class":66},[48,107660,3001],{"class":62},[48,107662,3004],{"class":58},[48,107664,107665],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107666,16773],{"class":488},[20,107668,107669,107670,107672],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107671,280],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[34,107674,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,107676,12418,107678,102425],{"id":107677},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107679,102477],{},[20,107681,102428],{},[1200,107683,1579,107685,107687],{"id":107684},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107686,102477],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107689,107690],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1200,107692,107694],{"id":107693},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107696,107697],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1200,107699,107701],{"id":107700},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107703,107704],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[39,107706,107707],{"className":41,"code":97144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,107708,107709],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107710,107711,107713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107712,5995],{"class":1047},[48,107714,8353],{"class":84},[34,107716,1599],{"id":1598},[162,107718,107719,107723,107730,107736],{},[165,107720,107721],{},[224,107722,96014],{"href":96013},[165,107724,107725],{},[224,107726,3277,107727,754],{"href":107416},[15,107728,107729],{},"set.union()",[165,107731,107732],{},[224,107733,3277,107734,754],{"href":102526},[15,107735,100105],{},[165,107737,107738],{},[224,107739,100030],{"href":105029},[1633,107741,107742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":107744},[107745,107747,107748,107749,107750,107752,107757,107758,107766],{"id":106358,"depth":73,"text":107746},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":106866,"depth":73,"text":107751},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107117,"depth":73,"text":107753,"children":107754},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107755,107756],{"id":106329,"depth":105,"text":102477},{"id":107263,"depth":105,"text":107122},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":107759},[107760,107762,107764,107765],{"id":107677,"depth":105,"text":107761},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107684,"depth":105,"text":107763},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107693,"depth":105,"text":107694},{"id":107700,"depth":105,"text":107701},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106251,"description":107767},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107774,"title":107775,"body":107776,"description":109012,"extension":1666,"meta":109013,"navigation":122,"path":109014,"seo":109015,"stem":109016,"__hash__":109017},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107777,"toc":108979},[107778,107783,107789,107798,107800,107875,107880,107895,107905,107910,107914,107927,107931,107933,107948,107950,107966,107968,108043,108047,108050,108052,108069,108074,108129,108134,108146,108150,108153,108254,108256,108297,108300,108304,108311,108313,108338,108341,108359,108366,108372,108375,108457,108464,108467,108547,108556,108559,108564,108568,108582,108631,108636,108640,108651,108700,108711,108716,108720,108732,108781,108792,108794,108798,108821,108823,108880,108882,108896,108898,108904,108910,108916,108925,108929,108936,108940,108948,108950,108976],[10,107779,95886,107781,18],{"id":107780},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107782,12476],{},[20,107784,107785,107788],{},[15,107786,107787],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107790,107791,107792,107794,107795,107797],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[565,107793,1055],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107796,12476],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[34,107799,37],{"id":36},[39,107801,107803],{"className":41,"code":107802,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107804,107805,107837,107851,107855,107865],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107806,107807,107809,107811,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107808,7489],{"class":54},[48,107810,59],{"class":58},[48,107812,10203],{"class":84},[48,107814,94],{"class":62},[48,107816,3785],{"class":66},[48,107818,94],{"class":62},[48,107820,365],{"class":84},[48,107822,63],{"class":62},[48,107824,198],{"class":66},[48,107826,94],{"class":62},[48,107828,365],{"class":84},[48,107830,63],{"class":62},[48,107832,3802],{"class":66},[48,107834,94],{"class":62},[48,107836,9021],{"class":84},[48,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,107840,69620],{"class":54},[48,107842,59],{"class":58},[48,107844,5673],{"class":54},[48,107846,32],{"class":84},[48,107848,25957],{"class":87},[48,107850,8353],{"class":84},[48,107852,107853],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,107854,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,107856,107857,107859,107861,107863],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,107858,109],{"class":108},[48,107860,91],{"class":84},[48,107862,69643],{"class":87},[48,107864,102],{"class":84},[48,107866,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,107868,109],{"class":108},[48,107870,91],{"class":84},[48,107872,7520],{"class":87},[48,107874,102],{"class":84},[20,107876,107877],{},[565,107878,107879],{},"What this does:",[162,107881,107882,107887,107892],{},[165,107883,107884,107885],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107886,7520],{},[165,107888,107889,107890],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107891,69643],{},[165,107893,107894],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107896,107897,88647,107899,107901,107902,107904],{},[565,107898,83505],{},[15,107900,107787],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[565,107903,1055],{}," chosen by index.",[34,107906,148,107908,152],{"id":107907},"what-setpop-does",[15,107909,107787],{},[20,107911,107912,503],{},[15,107913,107787],{},[162,107915,107916,107918,107921,107924],{},[165,107917,102728],{},[165,107919,107920],{},"Returns the removed item",[165,107922,107923],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[165,107925,107926],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107928,96010,107929,32],{},[224,107930,96014],{"href":97185},[34,107932,340],{"id":339},[39,107934,107936],{"className":41,"code":107935,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107937,107938],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107939,107940,107942,107944,107946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107941,15382],{"class":54},[48,107943,32],{"class":84},[48,107945,25957],{"class":87},[48,107947,8353],{"class":84},[20,107949,160],{},[162,107951,107952,107958,107963],{},[165,107953,107954,107955],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107956,107957],{},"my_set.pop()",[165,107959,107960,107961],{},"It takes ",[565,107962,28404],{},[165,107964,107965],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107967,182],{},[39,107969,107971],{"className":41,"code":107970,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107972,107973,108005,108019,108023,108033],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,107974,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,107976,12789],{"class":54},[48,107978,59],{"class":58},[48,107980,10203],{"class":84},[48,107982,94],{"class":62},[48,107984,12806],{"class":66},[48,107986,94],{"class":62},[48,107988,365],{"class":84},[48,107990,63],{"class":62},[48,107992,12823],{"class":66},[48,107994,94],{"class":62},[48,107996,365],{"class":84},[48,107998,63],{"class":62},[48,108000,17173],{"class":66},[48,108002,94],{"class":62},[48,108004,9021],{"class":84},[48,108006,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108008,28254],{"class":54},[48,108010,59],{"class":58},[48,108012,12837],{"class":54},[48,108014,32],{"class":84},[48,108016,25957],{"class":87},[48,108018,8353],{"class":84},[48,108020,108021],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108022,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,108024,108025,108027,108029,108031],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,108026,109],{"class":108},[48,108028,91],{"class":84},[48,108030,23026],{"class":87},[48,108032,102],{"class":84},[48,108034,108035,108037,108039,108041],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,108036,109],{"class":108},[48,108038,91],{"class":84},[48,108040,17220],{"class":87},[48,108042,102],{"class":84},[34,108044,108046],{"id":108045},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108048,108049],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108051,570],{},[162,108053,108054,108060,108063],{},[165,108055,108056,108057,108059],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108058,12476],{}," removes",[165,108061,108062],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[165,108064,108065,108066,108068],{},"You should not use ",[15,108067,12476],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108070,10173,108071,108073],{},[565,108072,1055],{}," valid:",[39,108075,108077],{"className":41,"code":108076,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108078,108079,108111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108080,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101,108103,108105,108107,108109],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108082,35949],{"class":54},[48,108084,59],{"class":58},[48,108086,10203],{"class":84},[48,108088,94],{"class":62},[48,108090,3785],{"class":66},[48,108092,94],{"class":62},[48,108094,365],{"class":84},[48,108096,63],{"class":62},[48,108098,198],{"class":66},[48,108100,94],{"class":62},[48,108102,365],{"class":84},[48,108104,63],{"class":62},[48,108106,3802],{"class":66},[48,108108,94],{"class":62},[48,108110,9021],{"class":84},[48,108112,108113,108115,108117,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108114,36001],{"class":54},[48,108116,32],{"class":84},[48,108118,25957],{"class":87},[48,108120,91],{"class":84},[48,108122,94],{"class":62},[48,108124,3785],{"class":66},[48,108126,94],{"class":62},[48,108128,102],{"class":84},[20,108130,39363,108131,108133],{},[15,108132,107787],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108135,108136,108137,1358,108141,32],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[224,108138,108139],{"href":97895},[15,108140,102554],{},[224,108142,108144],{"href":108143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108145,102545],{},[34,108147,108149],{"id":108148},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108151,108152],{},"Here is a simple example:",[39,108154,108156],{"className":41,"code":108155,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108157,108158,108192,108196,108212,108216,108235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108159,108160,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108188,108190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108161,108162],{"class":54},"animals ",[48,108164,59],{"class":58},[48,108166,10203],{"class":84},[48,108168,94],{"class":62},[48,108170,607],{"class":66},[48,108172,94],{"class":62},[48,108174,365],{"class":84},[48,108176,63],{"class":62},[48,108178,57827],{"class":66},[48,108180,94],{"class":62},[48,108182,365],{"class":84},[48,108184,63],{"class":62},[48,108186,108187],{"class":66},"rabbit",[48,108189,94],{"class":62},[48,108191,9021],{"class":84},[48,108193,108194],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108195,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,108197,108198,108201,108203,108206,108208,108210],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108199,108200],{"class":54},"removed_animal ",[48,108202,59],{"class":58},[48,108204,108205],{"class":54}," animals",[48,108207,32],{"class":84},[48,108209,25957],{"class":87},[48,108211,8353],{"class":84},[48,108213,108214],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,108215,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,108217,108218,108220,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108233],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,108219,109],{"class":108},[48,108221,91],{"class":84},[48,108223,94],{"class":62},[48,108225,28671],{"class":66},[48,108227,94],{"class":62},[48,108229,365],{"class":84},[48,108231,108232],{"class":87}," removed_animal",[48,108234,102],{"class":84},[48,108236,108237,108239,108241,108243,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,108238,109],{"class":108},[48,108240,91],{"class":84},[48,108242,94],{"class":62},[48,108244,108245],{"class":66},"Updated set:",[48,108247,94],{"class":62},[48,108249,365],{"class":84},[48,108251,108205],{"class":87},[48,108253,102],{"class":84},[20,108255,29742],{},[39,108257,108259],{"className":41,"code":108258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108260,108261,108270],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108262,108263,108265,108267],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108264,28713],{"class":54},[48,108266,503],{"class":84},[48,108268,108269],{"class":54}," dog\n",[48,108271,108272,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108273,108274],{"class":54},"Updated ",[48,108276,5995],{"class":1047},[48,108278,503],{"class":84},[48,108280,10203],{"class":84},[48,108282,3001],{"class":62},[48,108284,607],{"class":66},[48,108286,3001],{"class":62},[48,108288,365],{"class":84},[48,108290,2996],{"class":62},[48,108292,108187],{"class":66},[48,108294,3001],{"class":62},[48,108296,9021],{"class":84},[20,108298,108299],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[34,108301,108303],{"id":108302},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108305,29365,108306,108308,108309,32],{},[15,108307,12476],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108310,19405],{},[20,108312,182],{},[39,108314,108316],{"className":41,"code":108315,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108317,108318,108328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108319,108320,108322,108324,108326],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108321,7489],{"class":54},[48,108323,59],{"class":58},[48,108325,15349],{"class":1047},[48,108327,8353],{"class":84},[48,108329,108330,108332,108334,108336],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108331,7520],{"class":54},[48,108333,32],{"class":84},[48,108335,25957],{"class":87},[48,108337,8353],{"class":84},[20,108339,108340],{},"This raises:",[39,108342,108344],{"className":41,"code":108343,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108345,108346],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108347,108348,108350,108352,108354,108357],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108349,19405],{"class":1047},[48,108351,503],{"class":84},[48,108353,2996],{"class":62},[48,108355,108356],{"class":66},"pop from an empty set",[48,108358,29415],{"class":62},[20,108360,108361,108362,108365],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[224,108363,108364],{"href":10786},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1200,108367,108369,108370],{"id":108368},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108371,12476],{},[20,108373,108374],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[39,108376,108378],{"className":41,"code":108377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108379,108380,108390,108394,108402,108417,108436,108442],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108381,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108383,7489],{"class":54},[48,108385,59],{"class":58},[48,108387,15349],{"class":1047},[48,108389,8353],{"class":84},[48,108391,108392],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108393,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,108395,108396,108398,108400],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108397,6705],{"class":1107},[48,108399,5673],{"class":54},[48,108401,1110],{"class":84},[48,108403,108404,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,108405,108406],{"class":54},"    removed ",[48,108408,59],{"class":58},[48,108410,5673],{"class":54},[48,108412,32],{"class":84},[48,108414,25957],{"class":87},[48,108416,8353],{"class":84},[48,108418,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108434],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,108420,1138],{"class":108},[48,108422,91],{"class":84},[48,108424,94],{"class":62},[48,108426,28671],{"class":66},[48,108428,94],{"class":62},[48,108430,365],{"class":84},[48,108432,108433],{"class":87}," removed",[48,108435,102],{"class":84},[48,108437,108438,108440],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,108439,27150],{"class":1107},[48,108441,1110],{"class":84},[48,108443,108444,108446,108448,108450,108453,108455],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,108445,1138],{"class":108},[48,108447,91],{"class":84},[48,108449,94],{"class":62},[48,108451,108452],{"class":66},"The set is empty.",[48,108454,94],{"class":62},[48,108456,102],{"class":84},[1200,108458,139,108460,500,108462],{"id":108459},"use-try-and-except",[15,108461,1078],{},[15,108463,1081],{},[20,108465,108466],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[39,108468,108470],{"className":41,"code":108469,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108471,108472,108482,108486,108492,108506,108524,108532],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108473,108474,108476,108478,108480],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108475,7489],{"class":54},[48,108477,59],{"class":58},[48,108479,15349],{"class":1047},[48,108481,8353],{"class":84},[48,108483,108484],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108485,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,108487,108488,108490],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108489,1078],{"class":1107},[48,108491,1110],{"class":84},[48,108493,108494,108496,108498,108500,108502,108504],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,108495,108406],{"class":54},[48,108497,59],{"class":58},[48,108499,5673],{"class":54},[48,108501,32],{"class":84},[48,108503,25957],{"class":87},[48,108505,8353],{"class":84},[48,108507,108508,108510,108512,108514,108516,108518,108520,108522],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,108509,1138],{"class":108},[48,108511,91],{"class":84},[48,108513,94],{"class":62},[48,108515,28671],{"class":66},[48,108517,94],{"class":62},[48,108519,365],{"class":84},[48,108521,108433],{"class":87},[48,108523,102],{"class":84},[48,108525,108526,108528,108530],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,108527,1081],{"class":1107},[48,108529,29551],{"class":1047},[48,108531,1110],{"class":84},[48,108533,108534,108536,108538,108540,108543,108545],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,108535,1138],{"class":108},[48,108537,91],{"class":84},[48,108539,94],{"class":62},[48,108541,108542],{"class":66},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[48,108544,94],{"class":62},[48,108546,102],{"class":84},[34,108548,4667,108550,1188,108552,1188,108554],{"id":108549},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108551,12476],{},[15,108553,55228],{},[15,108555,102540],{},[20,108557,108558],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1200,108560,139,108562],{"id":108561},"use-pop",[15,108563,12476],{},[20,108565,139,108566,10313],{},[15,108567,12476],{},[162,108569,108570,108576,108579],{},[165,108571,108572,108573],{},"You want to remove ",[565,108574,108575],{},"any one item",[165,108577,108578],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[165,108580,108581],{},"You want the removed item returned",[39,108583,108585],{"className":41,"code":108584,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108586,108587,108607,108621],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108588,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108590,3321],{"class":54},[48,108592,59],{"class":58},[48,108594,10203],{"class":84},[48,108596,272],{"class":488},[48,108598,365],{"class":84},[48,108600,489],{"class":488},[48,108602,365],{"class":84},[48,108604,2152],{"class":488},[48,108606,9021],{"class":84},[48,108608,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108610,2147],{"class":54},[48,108612,59],{"class":58},[48,108614,3969],{"class":54},[48,108616,32],{"class":84},[48,108618,25957],{"class":87},[48,108620,8353],{"class":84},[48,108622,108623,108625,108627,108629],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108624,109],{"class":108},[48,108626,91],{"class":84},[48,108628,362],{"class":87},[48,108630,102],{"class":84},[1200,108632,139,108634],{"id":108633},"use-remove",[15,108635,55228],{},[20,108637,139,108638,10313],{},[15,108639,55228],{},[162,108641,108642,108648],{},[165,108643,108644,108645],{},"You want to delete a ",[565,108646,108647],{},"specific item",[165,108649,108650],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[39,108652,108654],{"className":41,"code":108653,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108655,108656,108676,108690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108657,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108659,3321],{"class":54},[48,108661,59],{"class":58},[48,108663,10203],{"class":84},[48,108665,272],{"class":488},[48,108667,365],{"class":84},[48,108669,489],{"class":488},[48,108671,365],{"class":84},[48,108673,2152],{"class":488},[48,108675,9021],{"class":84},[48,108677,108678,108680,108682,108684,108686,108688],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108679,3353],{"class":54},[48,108681,32],{"class":84},[48,108683,34506],{"class":87},[48,108685,91],{"class":84},[48,108687,280],{"class":488},[48,108689,102],{"class":84},[48,108691,108692,108694,108696,108698],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108693,109],{"class":108},[48,108695,91],{"class":84},[48,108697,3353],{"class":87},[48,108699,102],{"class":84},[20,108701,108702,108703,108705,108706,108710],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108704,55228],{}," raises an error. See the ",[224,108707,108708,754],{"href":97895},[15,108709,102554],{}," for details.",[1200,108712,139,108714],{"id":108713},"use-discard",[15,108715,102540],{},[20,108717,139,108718,10313],{},[15,108719,102540],{},[162,108721,108722,108726],{},[165,108723,108644,108724],{},[565,108725,108647],{},[165,108727,108728,108729,108731],{},"You do ",[565,108730,1055],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[39,108733,108735],{"className":41,"code":108734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108736,108737,108757,108771],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108738,108739,108741,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108740,3321],{"class":54},[48,108742,59],{"class":58},[48,108744,10203],{"class":84},[48,108746,272],{"class":488},[48,108748,365],{"class":84},[48,108750,489],{"class":488},[48,108752,365],{"class":84},[48,108754,2152],{"class":488},[48,108756,9021],{"class":84},[48,108758,108759,108761,108763,108765,108767,108769],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108760,3353],{"class":54},[48,108762,32],{"class":84},[48,108764,102607],{"class":87},[48,108766,91],{"class":84},[48,108768,1837],{"class":488},[48,108770,102],{"class":84},[48,108772,108773,108775,108777,108779],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108774,109],{"class":108},[48,108776,91],{"class":84},[48,108778,3353],{"class":87},[48,108780,102],{"class":84},[20,108782,108783,108784,108786,108787,108791],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108785,1837],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[224,108788,108789,754],{"href":108143},[15,108790,102545],{}," for more examples.",[34,108793,1366],{"id":1365},[20,108795,71166,108796,503],{},[15,108797,107787],{},[162,108799,108800,108806,108811,108816],{},[165,108801,108802,108803],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108804,108805],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[165,108807,1379,108808,108810],{},[15,108809,12476],{}," to remove the first or last item",[165,108812,29365,108813,108815],{},[15,108814,12476],{}," on an empty set",[165,108817,758,108818,108820],{},[15,108819,12476],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108822,1404],{},[39,108824,108826],{"className":41,"code":108825,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108827,108828,108838,108852,108866],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,108829,108830,108832,108834,108836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,108831,109],{"class":108},[48,108833,91],{"class":84},[48,108835,15382],{"class":87},[48,108837,102],{"class":84},[48,108839,108840,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,108841,109],{"class":108},[48,108843,91],{"class":84},[48,108845,10874],{"class":108},[48,108847,91],{"class":84},[48,108849,15382],{"class":87},[48,108851,1034],{"class":84},[48,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,108855,109],{"class":108},[48,108857,91],{"class":84},[48,108859,2921],{"class":1047},[48,108861,91],{"class":84},[48,108863,15382],{"class":87},[48,108865,1034],{"class":84},[48,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,108869,28254],{"class":54},[48,108871,59],{"class":58},[48,108873,96610],{"class":54},[48,108875,32],{"class":84},[48,108877,25957],{"class":87},[48,108879,8353],{"class":84},[20,108881,25724],{},[162,108883,108884,108887,108890,108893],{},[165,108885,108886],{},"What values are in the set",[165,108888,108889],{},"Whether the set is empty",[165,108891,108892],{},"That the object is really a set",[165,108894,108895],{},"What value was actually removed",[34,108897,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,108899,12418,108901,108903],{"id":108900},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108902,107787],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108905,108906,108907,108909],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108908,12476],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1200,108911,108913,108914,1564],{"id":108912},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108915,107787],{},[20,108917,108918,108919,108921,108922,108924],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108920,12476],{},", set ",[15,108923,12476],{}," does not accept an index.",[1200,108926,108928],{"id":108927},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108930,71335,108931,44336,108933,108935],{},[15,108932,19405],{},[15,108934,12476],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1200,108937,108939],{"id":108938},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108941,139,108942,1358,108944,10804,108946,32],{},[15,108943,55228],{},[15,108945,102540],{},[15,108947,12476],{},[34,108949,1599],{"id":1598},[162,108951,108952,108956,108962,108968,108972],{},[165,108953,108954],{},[224,108955,96014],{"href":97185},[165,108957,108958],{},[224,108959,96500,108960,754],{"href":97895},[15,108961,55228],{},[165,108963,108964],{},[224,108965,96500,108966,754],{"href":108143},[15,108967,102540],{},[165,108969,108970],{},[224,108971,10975],{"href":10786},[165,108973,108974],{},[224,108975,55214],{"href":54766},[1633,108977,108978],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":108980},[108981,108982,108984,108985,108986,108987,108993,109002,109003,109011],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":107907,"depth":73,"text":108983},"What set.pop() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":108045,"depth":73,"text":108046},{"id":108148,"depth":73,"text":108149},{"id":108302,"depth":73,"text":108303,"children":108988},[108989,108991],{"id":108368,"depth":105,"text":108990},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108459,"depth":105,"text":108992},"Use try and except",{"id":108549,"depth":73,"text":108994,"children":108995},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108996,108998,109000],{"id":108561,"depth":105,"text":108997},"Use pop()",{"id":108633,"depth":105,"text":108999},"Use remove()",{"id":108713,"depth":105,"text":109001},"Use discard()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":109004},[109005,109007,109009,109010],{"id":108900,"depth":105,"text":109006},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108912,"depth":105,"text":109008},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108927,"depth":105,"text":108928},{"id":108938,"depth":105,"text":108939},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107775,"description":109012},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109019,"title":109020,"body":109021,"description":110175,"extension":1666,"meta":110176,"navigation":122,"path":110177,"seo":110178,"stem":110179,"__hash__":110180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109022,"toc":110143},[109023,109028,109033,109042,109044,109109,109113,109137,109144,109149,109153,109168,109171,109173,109192,109206,109209,109257,109261,109277,109279,109352,109356,109381,109387,109395,109399,109406,109461,109466,109483,109489,109495,109500,109508,109515,109519,109527,109582,109584,109601,109605,109612,109677,109681,109714,109716,109728,109735,109737,109742,109749,109751,109820,109824,109832,109834,109898,109902,109907,109954,109959,110027,110035,110042,110045,110051,110056,110060,110062,110065,110067,110072,110077,110083,110088,110095,110103,110109,110112,110114,110140],[10,109024,95886,109026,18],{"id":109025},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109027,55228],{},[20,109029,109030,109032],{},[15,109031,102554],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109034,109035,109036,109039,109040,32],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[565,109037,109038],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109041,19405],{},[34,109043,37],{"id":36},[39,109045,109047],{"className":41,"code":109046,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109048,109049,109081,109099],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109050,109051,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109052,12789],{"class":54},[48,109054,59],{"class":58},[48,109056,10203],{"class":84},[48,109058,94],{"class":62},[48,109060,12806],{"class":66},[48,109062,94],{"class":62},[48,109064,365],{"class":84},[48,109066,63],{"class":62},[48,109068,12823],{"class":66},[48,109070,94],{"class":62},[48,109072,365],{"class":84},[48,109074,63],{"class":62},[48,109076,17173],{"class":66},[48,109078,94],{"class":62},[48,109080,9021],{"class":84},[48,109082,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093,109095,109097],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109084,17220],{"class":54},[48,109086,32],{"class":84},[48,109088,34506],{"class":87},[48,109090,91],{"class":84},[48,109092,94],{"class":62},[48,109094,12823],{"class":66},[48,109096,94],{"class":62},[48,109098,102],{"class":84},[48,109100,109101,109103,109105,109107],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109102,109],{"class":108},[48,109104,91],{"class":84},[48,109106,17220],{"class":87},[48,109108,102],{"class":84},[20,109110,109111],{},[565,109112,29742],{},[39,109114,109115],{"className":41,"code":103234,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109116,109117],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109118,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109120,8990],{"class":84},[48,109122,3001],{"class":62},[48,109124,12806],{"class":66},[48,109126,3001],{"class":62},[48,109128,365],{"class":84},[48,109130,2996],{"class":62},[48,109132,17173],{"class":66},[48,109134,3001],{"class":62},[48,109136,9021],{"class":84},[20,109138,139,109139,109141,109142,32],{},[15,109140,55228],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109143,19405],{},[34,109145,148,109147,152],{"id":109146},"what-setremove-does",[15,109148,102554],{},[20,109150,109151,503],{},[15,109152,102554],{},[162,109154,109155,109158,109160,109162],{},[165,109156,109157],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[165,109159,96001],{},[165,109161,96004],{},[165,109163,109164,109165,109167],{},"Raises ",[15,109166,19405],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109169,109170],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[34,109172,340],{"id":339},[39,109174,109176],{"className":41,"code":109175,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109177,109178],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109179,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109181,15382],{"class":54},[48,109183,32],{"class":84},[48,109185,34506],{"class":87},[48,109187,91],{"class":84},[48,109189,362],{"class":87},[48,109191,102],{"class":84},[162,109193,109194,109198,109203],{},[165,109195,109196,102776],{},[15,109197,15382],{},[165,109199,109200,109202],{},[15,109201,362],{}," is the item to remove",[165,109204,109205],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109207,109208],{},"Here is a small example:",[39,109210,109211],{"className":41,"code":108653,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109212,109213,109233,109247],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109214,109215,109217,109219,109221,109223,109225,109227,109229,109231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109216,3321],{"class":54},[48,109218,59],{"class":58},[48,109220,10203],{"class":84},[48,109222,272],{"class":488},[48,109224,365],{"class":84},[48,109226,489],{"class":488},[48,109228,365],{"class":84},[48,109230,2152],{"class":488},[48,109232,9021],{"class":84},[48,109234,109235,109237,109239,109241,109243,109245],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109236,3353],{"class":54},[48,109238,32],{"class":84},[48,109240,34506],{"class":87},[48,109242,91],{"class":84},[48,109244,280],{"class":488},[48,109246,102],{"class":84},[48,109248,109249,109251,109253,109255],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109250,109],{"class":108},[48,109252,91],{"class":84},[48,109254,3353],{"class":87},[48,109256,102],{"class":84},[20,109258,109259],{},[565,109260,29742],{},[39,109262,109263],{"className":41,"code":100984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109264,109265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109266,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109268,8990],{"class":84},[48,109270,272],{"class":488},[48,109272,365],{"class":84},[48,109274,2152],{"class":488},[48,109276,9021],{"class":84},[34,109278,11187],{"id":11186},[39,109280,109282],{"className":41,"code":109281,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109283,109284,109316,109320,109338,109342],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109285,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109287,35949],{"class":54},[48,109289,59],{"class":58},[48,109291,10203],{"class":84},[48,109293,94],{"class":62},[48,109295,3785],{"class":66},[48,109297,94],{"class":62},[48,109299,365],{"class":84},[48,109301,63],{"class":62},[48,109303,198],{"class":66},[48,109305,94],{"class":62},[48,109307,365],{"class":84},[48,109309,63],{"class":62},[48,109311,32933],{"class":66},[48,109313,94],{"class":62},[48,109315,9021],{"class":84},[48,109317,109318],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109319,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,109321,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109323,36001],{"class":54},[48,109325,32],{"class":84},[48,109327,34506],{"class":87},[48,109329,91],{"class":84},[48,109331,94],{"class":62},[48,109333,198],{"class":66},[48,109335,94],{"class":62},[48,109337,102],{"class":84},[48,109339,109340],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,109341,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,109343,109344,109346,109348,109350],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,109345,109],{"class":108},[48,109347,91],{"class":84},[48,109349,36001],{"class":87},[48,109351,102],{"class":84},[20,109353,109354],{},[565,109355,29742],{},[39,109357,109359],{"className":41,"code":109358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109360,109361],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109364,8990],{"class":84},[48,109366,3001],{"class":62},[48,109368,3785],{"class":66},[48,109370,3001],{"class":62},[48,109372,365],{"class":84},[48,109374,2996],{"class":62},[48,109376,32933],{"class":66},[48,109378,3001],{"class":62},[48,109380,9021],{"class":84},[20,109382,109383,109384,109386],{},"This removes ",[15,109385,64965],{}," from the set.",[20,109388,109389,109390,109392,109393,32],{},"A set does ",[565,109391,1055],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[224,109394,96018],{"href":97569},[34,109396,109398],{"id":109397},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109400,109401,109402,988,109404,32],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109403,55228],{},[15,109405,19405],{},[39,109407,109409],{"className":41,"code":109408,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109410,109411,109443],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439,109441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109414,12789],{"class":54},[48,109416,59],{"class":58},[48,109418,10203],{"class":84},[48,109420,94],{"class":62},[48,109422,12806],{"class":66},[48,109424,94],{"class":62},[48,109426,365],{"class":84},[48,109428,63],{"class":62},[48,109430,12823],{"class":66},[48,109432,94],{"class":62},[48,109434,365],{"class":84},[48,109436,63],{"class":62},[48,109438,17173],{"class":66},[48,109440,94],{"class":62},[48,109442,9021],{"class":84},[48,109444,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109446,17220],{"class":54},[48,109448,32],{"class":84},[48,109450,34506],{"class":87},[48,109452,91],{"class":84},[48,109454,94],{"class":62},[48,109456,22239],{"class":66},[48,109458,94],{"class":62},[48,109460,102],{"class":84},[20,109462,109463],{},[565,109464,109465],{},"Result:",[39,109467,109469],{"className":41,"code":109468,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109470,109471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109474,19405],{"class":1047},[48,109476,503],{"class":84},[48,109478,2996],{"class":62},[48,109480,22239],{"class":66},[48,109482,29415],{"class":62},[20,109484,21904,109485,109488],{},[15,109486,109487],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109490,109491,109492,109494],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109493,55228],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109496,109497,109498,32],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[224,109499,10975],{"href":10786},[34,109501,3904,109503,109505,109506],{"id":109502},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109504,55228],{}," is different from ",[15,109507,102540],{},[20,109509,109510,500,109512,109514],{},[15,109511,55228],{},[15,109513,102540],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1200,109516,109517],{"id":34506},[15,109518,55228],{},[162,109520,109521,109524],{},[165,109522,109523],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[165,109525,109526],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[39,109528,109530],{"className":41,"code":109529,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109531,109532,109564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109535,35800],{"class":54},[48,109537,59],{"class":58},[48,109539,10203],{"class":84},[48,109541,94],{"class":62},[48,109543,224],{"class":66},[48,109545,94],{"class":62},[48,109547,365],{"class":84},[48,109549,63],{"class":62},[48,109551,4466],{"class":66},[48,109553,94],{"class":62},[48,109555,365],{"class":84},[48,109557,63],{"class":62},[48,109559,632],{"class":66},[48,109561,94],{"class":62},[48,109563,9021],{"class":84},[48,109565,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109567,35853],{"class":54},[48,109569,32],{"class":84},[48,109571,34506],{"class":87},[48,109573,91],{"class":84},[48,109575,94],{"class":62},[48,109577,18485],{"class":66},[48,109579,94],{"class":62},[48,109581,102],{"class":84},[20,109583,108340],{},[39,109585,109587],{"className":41,"code":109586,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109588,109589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109592,19405],{"class":1047},[48,109594,503],{"class":84},[48,109596,2996],{"class":62},[48,109598,18485],{"class":66},[48,109600,29415],{"class":62},[1200,109602,109603],{"id":102607},[15,109604,102540],{},[162,109606,109607,109609],{},[165,109608,109523],{},[165,109610,109611],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[39,109613,109615],{"className":41,"code":109614,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109616,109617,109649,109667],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109618,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109620,35800],{"class":54},[48,109622,59],{"class":58},[48,109624,10203],{"class":84},[48,109626,94],{"class":62},[48,109628,224],{"class":66},[48,109630,94],{"class":62},[48,109632,365],{"class":84},[48,109634,63],{"class":62},[48,109636,4466],{"class":66},[48,109638,94],{"class":62},[48,109640,365],{"class":84},[48,109642,63],{"class":62},[48,109644,632],{"class":66},[48,109646,94],{"class":62},[48,109648,9021],{"class":84},[48,109650,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109652,35853],{"class":54},[48,109654,32],{"class":84},[48,109656,102607],{"class":87},[48,109658,91],{"class":84},[48,109660,94],{"class":62},[48,109662,18485],{"class":66},[48,109664,94],{"class":62},[48,109666,102],{"class":84},[48,109668,109669,109671,109673,109675],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109670,109],{"class":108},[48,109672,91],{"class":84},[48,109674,35853],{"class":87},[48,109676,102],{"class":84},[20,109678,109679],{},[565,109680,1037],{},[39,109682,109684],{"className":41,"code":109683,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109685,109686],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109687,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109689,8990],{"class":84},[48,109691,3001],{"class":62},[48,109693,224],{"class":66},[48,109695,3001],{"class":62},[48,109697,365],{"class":84},[48,109699,2996],{"class":62},[48,109701,4466],{"class":66},[48,109703,3001],{"class":62},[48,109705,365],{"class":84},[48,109707,2996],{"class":62},[48,109709,632],{"class":66},[48,109711,3001],{"class":62},[48,109713,9021],{"class":84},[20,109715,18412],{},[162,109717,109718,109723],{},[165,109719,109720,109722],{},[15,109721,55228],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[165,109724,109725,109727],{},[15,109726,102540],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109729,109730,109731,32],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[224,109732,96500,109733,754],{"href":108143},[15,109734,102540],{},[34,109736,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,109738,1379,109740,96880],{"id":109739},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109741,55228],{},[20,109743,109744,109746,109747,32],{},[15,109745,55228],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109748,3483],{},[20,109750,16360],{},[39,109752,109754],{"className":41,"code":109753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109755,109756,109788,109810],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109757,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774,109776,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109759,12789],{"class":54},[48,109761,59],{"class":58},[48,109763,10203],{"class":84},[48,109765,94],{"class":62},[48,109767,12806],{"class":66},[48,109769,94],{"class":62},[48,109771,365],{"class":84},[48,109773,63],{"class":62},[48,109775,12823],{"class":66},[48,109777,94],{"class":62},[48,109779,365],{"class":84},[48,109781,63],{"class":62},[48,109783,17173],{"class":66},[48,109785,94],{"class":62},[48,109787,9021],{"class":84},[48,109789,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109791,12832],{"class":54},[48,109793,59],{"class":58},[48,109795,12837],{"class":54},[48,109797,32],{"class":84},[48,109799,34506],{"class":87},[48,109801,91],{"class":84},[48,109803,94],{"class":62},[48,109805,12823],{"class":66},[48,109807,94],{"class":62},[48,109809,102],{"class":84},[48,109811,109812,109814,109816,109818],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109813,109],{"class":108},[48,109815,91],{"class":84},[48,109817,12856],{"class":87},[48,109819,102],{"class":84},[20,109821,109822],{},[565,109823,1037],{},[39,109825,109826],{"className":41,"code":11521,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109827,109828],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109829,109830],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109831,11521],{"class":3556},[20,109833,16372],{},[39,109835,109836],{"className":41,"code":109046,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,109837,109838,109870,109888],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109839,109840,109842,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109841,12789],{"class":54},[48,109843,59],{"class":58},[48,109845,10203],{"class":84},[48,109847,94],{"class":62},[48,109849,12806],{"class":66},[48,109851,94],{"class":62},[48,109853,365],{"class":84},[48,109855,63],{"class":62},[48,109857,12823],{"class":66},[48,109859,94],{"class":62},[48,109861,365],{"class":84},[48,109863,63],{"class":62},[48,109865,17173],{"class":66},[48,109867,94],{"class":62},[48,109869,9021],{"class":84},[48,109871,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109873,17220],{"class":54},[48,109875,32],{"class":84},[48,109877,34506],{"class":87},[48,109879,91],{"class":84},[48,109881,94],{"class":62},[48,109883,12823],{"class":66},[48,109885,94],{"class":62},[48,109887,102],{"class":84},[48,109889,109890,109892,109894,109896],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109891,109],{"class":108},[48,109893,91],{"class":84},[48,109895,17220],{"class":87},[48,109897,102],{"class":84},[1200,109899,109901],{"id":109900},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109903,109904,109905,32],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109906,19405],{},[39,109908,109910],{"className":41,"code":109909,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109911,109912,109936],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109913,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109915,12789],{"class":54},[48,109917,59],{"class":58},[48,109919,10203],{"class":84},[48,109921,94],{"class":62},[48,109923,12806],{"class":66},[48,109925,94],{"class":62},[48,109927,365],{"class":84},[48,109929,63],{"class":62},[48,109931,12823],{"class":66},[48,109933,94],{"class":62},[48,109935,9021],{"class":84},[48,109937,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109939,17220],{"class":54},[48,109941,32],{"class":84},[48,109943,34506],{"class":87},[48,109945,91],{"class":84},[48,109947,94],{"class":62},[48,109949,17173],{"class":66},[48,109951,94],{"class":62},[48,109953,102],{"class":84},[20,109955,109956,109957,503],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109958,3587],{},[39,109960,109962],{"className":41,"code":109961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109963,109964,109988,109992,110008],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,109965,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984,109986],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,109967,12789],{"class":54},[48,109969,59],{"class":58},[48,109971,10203],{"class":84},[48,109973,94],{"class":62},[48,109975,12806],{"class":66},[48,109977,94],{"class":62},[48,109979,365],{"class":84},[48,109981,63],{"class":62},[48,109983,12823],{"class":66},[48,109985,94],{"class":62},[48,109987,9021],{"class":84},[48,109989,109990],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,109991,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,109993,109994,109996,109998,110000,110002,110004,110006],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,109995,6705],{"class":1107},[48,109997,63],{"class":62},[48,109999,17173],{"class":66},[48,110001,94],{"class":62},[48,110003,20889],{"class":58},[48,110005,12837],{"class":54},[48,110007,1110],{"class":84},[48,110009,110010,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023,110025],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110011,110012],{"class":54},"    colors",[48,110014,32],{"class":84},[48,110016,34506],{"class":87},[48,110018,91],{"class":84},[48,110020,94],{"class":62},[48,110022,17173],{"class":66},[48,110024,94],{"class":62},[48,110026,102],{"class":84},[20,110028,110029,110030,110034],{},"Or use ",[224,110031,110032],{"href":108143},[15,110033,102540],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1200,110036,36914,110038,8415,110040],{"id":110037},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110039,102554],{},[15,110041,54774],{},[20,110043,110044],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110046,110047,110048,110050],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110049,102554],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110052,110053,110054,32],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[224,110055,98764],{"href":98763},[1200,110057,110059],{"id":110058},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110061,108049],{},[20,110063,110064],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[34,110066,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,110068,12418,110070,96979],{"id":110069},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110071,102554],{},[20,110073,110074,110075,32],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110076,3483],{},[1200,110078,30000,110080,110082],{"id":110079},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110081,102554],{}," raise?",[20,110084,176,110085,110087],{},[15,110086,19405],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1200,110089,21136,110091,1358,110093,1564],{"id":110090},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110092,55228],{},[15,110094,102540],{},[20,110096,139,110097,110099,110100,110102],{},[15,110098,55228],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110101,102540],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1200,110104,1579,110106,110108],{"id":110105},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110107,102554],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110110,110111],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[34,110113,1599],{"id":1598},[162,110115,110116,110122,110128,110132,110136],{},[165,110117,110118],{},[224,110119,96500,110120,754],{"href":108143},[15,110121,102540],{},[165,110123,110124],{},[224,110125,96500,110126,754],{"href":97900},[15,110127,12476],{},[165,110129,110130],{},[224,110131,97024],{"href":97569},[165,110133,110134],{},[224,110135,100030],{"href":98763},[165,110137,110138],{},[224,110139,10975],{"href":10786},[1633,110141,110142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":110144},[110145,110146,110148,110149,110150,110151,110156,110164,110174],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":109146,"depth":73,"text":110147},"What set.remove() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":109397,"depth":73,"text":109398},{"id":109502,"depth":73,"text":110152,"children":110153},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110154,110155],{"id":34506,"depth":105,"text":55228},{"id":102607,"depth":105,"text":102540},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":110157},[110158,110160,110161,110163],{"id":109739,"depth":105,"text":110159},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109900,"depth":105,"text":109901},{"id":110037,"depth":105,"text":110162},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110058,"depth":105,"text":110059},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":110165},[110166,110168,110170,110172],{"id":110069,"depth":105,"text":110167},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110079,"depth":105,"text":110169},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110090,"depth":105,"text":110171},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110105,"depth":105,"text":110173},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109020,"description":110175},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110182,"title":110183,"body":110184,"description":111557,"extension":1666,"meta":111558,"navigation":122,"path":111559,"seo":111560,"stem":111561,"__hash__":111562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110185,"toc":111532},[110186,110192,110198,110201,110204,110218,110220,110301,110304,110309,110313,110327,110334,110336,110355,110358,110376,110378,110458,110460,110485,110489,110492,110500,110505,110510,110512,110525,110530,110533,110557,110560,110568,110570,110573,110670,110672,110705,110707,110733,110740,110743,110747,110755,110759,110767,110769,110859,110861,110875,110882,110887,110892,110894,110985,110987,110999,111001,111015,111021,111029,111031,111113,111115,111160,111163,111171,111174,111176,111180,111223,111225,111245,111250,111252,111337,111339,111344,111346,111353,111361,111367,111370,111372,111458,111460,111484,111488,111491,111493,111520,111530],[10,110187,95886,110189,18],{"id":110188},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110190,110191],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110193,110194,110197],{},[15,110195,110196],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110199,110200],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110202,110203],{},"Use it when:",[162,110205,110206,110209,110215],{},[165,110207,110208],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[165,110210,110211,110212,110214],{},"you do ",[565,110213,1055],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[165,110216,110217],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[34,110219,3311],{"id":3310},[39,110221,110223],{"className":41,"code":110222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110224,110225,110245,110265,110269,110288],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110226,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110228,2253],{"class":54},[48,110230,59],{"class":58},[48,110232,10203],{"class":84},[48,110234,272],{"class":488},[48,110236,365],{"class":84},[48,110238,489],{"class":488},[48,110240,365],{"class":84},[48,110242,2152],{"class":488},[48,110244,9021],{"class":84},[48,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261,110263],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,110248,2281],{"class":54},[48,110250,59],{"class":58},[48,110252,10203],{"class":84},[48,110254,1764],{"class":488},[48,110256,365],{"class":84},[48,110258,878],{"class":488},[48,110260,365],{"class":84},[48,110262,549],{"class":488},[48,110264,9021],{"class":84},[48,110266,110267],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,110268,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110270,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110282,110284,110286],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110272,1929],{"class":54},[48,110274,59],{"class":58},[48,110276,56587],{"class":54},[48,110278,32],{"class":84},[48,110280,110281],{"class":87},"symmetric_difference",[48,110283,91],{"class":84},[48,110285,4466],{"class":87},[48,110287,102],{"class":84},[48,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,110291,109],{"class":108},[48,110293,91],{"class":84},[48,110295,1964],{"class":87},[48,110297,3366],{"class":84},[48,110299,110300],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110302,110303],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[34,110305,148,110307,152],{"id":110306},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110308,110191],{},[20,110310,110311,503],{},[15,110312,110196],{},[162,110314,110315,110318,110321,110324],{},[165,110316,110317],{},"returns a new set",[165,110319,110320],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[165,110322,110323],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[165,110325,110326],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110328,96010,110329,1358,110331,32],{},[224,110330,96014],{"href":96013},[224,110332,110333],{"href":96017},"creating a set in Python",[34,110335,340],{"id":339},[39,110337,110339],{"className":41,"code":110338,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110340,110341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110342,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110344,100271],{"class":54},[48,110346,32],{"class":84},[48,110348,110281],{"class":87},[48,110350,91],{"class":84},[48,110352,100280],{"class":87},[48,110354,102],{"class":84},[20,110356,110357],{},"Notes:",[162,110359,110360,110365,110370,110373],{},[165,110361,110362,110364],{},[15,110363,100271],{}," must be a set",[165,110366,110367,110369],{},[15,110368,100280],{}," can be any iterable",[165,110371,110372],{},"the result is always a set",[165,110374,110375],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110377,182],{},[39,110379,110381],{"className":41,"code":110380,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110382,110383,110404,110425,110429,110448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110384,110385,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110386,110387],{"class":54},"set1 ",[48,110389,59],{"class":58},[48,110391,10203],{"class":84},[48,110393,272],{"class":488},[48,110395,365],{"class":84},[48,110397,489],{"class":488},[48,110399,365],{"class":84},[48,110401,2152],{"class":488},[48,110403,9021],{"class":84},[48,110405,110406,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421,110423],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,110407,110408],{"class":54},"set2 ",[48,110410,59],{"class":58},[48,110412,10203],{"class":84},[48,110414,1764],{"class":488},[48,110416,365],{"class":84},[48,110418,878],{"class":488},[48,110420,365],{"class":84},[48,110422,549],{"class":488},[48,110424,9021],{"class":84},[48,110426,110427],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,110428,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110430,110431,110433,110435,110438,110440,110442,110444,110446],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110432,1929],{"class":54},[48,110434,59],{"class":58},[48,110436,110437],{"class":54}," set1",[48,110439,32],{"class":84},[48,110441,110281],{"class":87},[48,110443,91],{"class":84},[48,110445,100280],{"class":87},[48,110447,102],{"class":84},[48,110449,110450,110452,110454,110456],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,110451,109],{"class":108},[48,110453,91],{"class":84},[48,110455,1964],{"class":87},[48,110457,102],{"class":84},[20,110459,1037],{},[39,110461,110463],{"className":41,"code":110462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110464,110465],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110466,110467,110469,110471,110473,110475,110477,110479,110481,110483],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110468,8990],{"class":84},[48,110470,272],{"class":488},[48,110472,365],{"class":84},[48,110474,489],{"class":488},[48,110476,365],{"class":84},[48,110478,878],{"class":488},[48,110480,365],{"class":84},[48,110482,549],{"class":488},[48,110484,9021],{"class":84},[34,110486,110488],{"id":110487},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110490,110491],{},"The result includes:",[162,110493,110494,110497],{},[165,110495,110496],{},"items only in the first set",[165,110498,110499],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110501,110502,110503,10795],{},"The result does ",[565,110504,1055],{},[162,110506,110507],{},[165,110508,110509],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110511,5178],{},[162,110513,110514,110519],{},[165,110515,110516,110517],{},"first set: ",[15,110518,99968],{},[165,110520,110521,110522],{},"second set: ",[15,110523,110524],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110526,3755,110527,110529],{},[15,110528,1764],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110531,110532],{},"The output is:",[39,110534,110535],{"className":41,"code":110462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,110536,110537],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110538,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110540,8990],{"class":84},[48,110542,272],{"class":488},[48,110544,365],{"class":84},[48,110546,489],{"class":488},[48,110548,365],{"class":84},[48,110550,878],{"class":488},[48,110552,365],{"class":84},[48,110554,549],{"class":488},[48,110556,9021],{"class":84},[20,110558,110559],{},"Also remember:",[162,110561,110562,110565],{},[165,110563,110564],{},"sets are unordered",[165,110566,110567],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[34,110569,11187],{"id":11186},[20,110571,110572],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[39,110574,110576],{"className":41,"code":110575,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110577,110578,110610,110634,110638,110656,110660],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110579,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606,110608],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110581,106711],{"class":54},[48,110583,59],{"class":58},[48,110585,10203],{"class":84},[48,110587,94],{"class":62},[48,110589,12806],{"class":66},[48,110591,94],{"class":62},[48,110593,365],{"class":84},[48,110595,63],{"class":62},[48,110597,12823],{"class":66},[48,110599,94],{"class":62},[48,110601,365],{"class":84},[48,110603,63],{"class":62},[48,110605,17173],{"class":66},[48,110607,94],{"class":62},[48,110609,9021],{"class":84},[48,110611,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628,110630,110632],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,110613,106744],{"class":54},[48,110615,59],{"class":58},[48,110617,10203],{"class":84},[48,110619,94],{"class":62},[48,110621,17173],{"class":66},[48,110623,94],{"class":62},[48,110625,365],{"class":84},[48,110627,63],{"class":62},[48,110629,22239],{"class":66},[48,110631,94],{"class":62},[48,110633,9021],{"class":84},[48,110635,110636],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,110637,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110639,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110641,1929],{"class":54},[48,110643,59],{"class":58},[48,110645,106786],{"class":54},[48,110647,32],{"class":84},[48,110649,110281],{"class":87},[48,110651,91],{"class":84},[48,110653,106795],{"class":87},[48,110655,102],{"class":84},[48,110657,110658],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,110659,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110661,110662,110664,110666,110668],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,110663,109],{"class":108},[48,110665,91],{"class":84},[48,110667,1964],{"class":87},[48,110669,102],{"class":84},[20,110671,1037],{},[39,110673,110675],{"className":41,"code":110674,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110676,110677],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110678,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699,110701,110703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110680,8990],{"class":84},[48,110682,3001],{"class":62},[48,110684,12806],{"class":66},[48,110686,3001],{"class":62},[48,110688,365],{"class":84},[48,110690,2996],{"class":62},[48,110692,12823],{"class":66},[48,110694,3001],{"class":62},[48,110696,365],{"class":84},[48,110698,2996],{"class":62},[48,110700,22239],{"class":66},[48,110702,3001],{"class":62},[48,110704,9021],{"class":84},[20,110706,13123],{},[162,110708,110709,110714,110725],{},[165,110710,110711,110713],{},[15,110712,96179],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[165,110715,110716,500,110718,110721,110722,110724],{},[15,110717,65083],{},[15,110719,110720],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110723,106848],{},", so they stay",[165,110726,110727,110729,110730,110732],{},[15,110728,109487],{}," is only in ",[15,110731,106795],{},", so it stays",[34,110734,110736,1188,110738],{"id":110735},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110737,110191],{},[15,110739,100100],{},[20,110741,110742],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110744,110745,503],{},[15,110746,100100],{},[162,110748,110749,110752],{},[165,110750,110751],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[165,110753,110754],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110756,110757,503],{},[15,110758,110191],{},[162,110760,110761,110764],{},[165,110762,110763],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[165,110765,110766],{},"removes shared items",[20,110768,182],{},[39,110770,110772],{"className":41,"code":110771,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110773,110774,110794,110814,110818,110839],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110775,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110777,2253],{"class":54},[48,110779,59],{"class":58},[48,110781,10203],{"class":84},[48,110783,272],{"class":488},[48,110785,365],{"class":84},[48,110787,489],{"class":488},[48,110789,365],{"class":84},[48,110791,2152],{"class":488},[48,110793,9021],{"class":84},[48,110795,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,110797,2281],{"class":54},[48,110799,59],{"class":58},[48,110801,10203],{"class":84},[48,110803,1764],{"class":488},[48,110805,365],{"class":84},[48,110807,878],{"class":488},[48,110809,365],{"class":84},[48,110811,549],{"class":488},[48,110813,9021],{"class":84},[48,110815,110816],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,110817,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110819,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110821,109],{"class":108},[48,110823,91],{"class":84},[48,110825,224],{"class":87},[48,110827,32],{"class":84},[48,110829,2511],{"class":87},[48,110831,91],{"class":84},[48,110833,4466],{"class":87},[48,110835,229],{"class":84},[48,110837,110838],{"class":129},"            # {1, 2}\n",[48,110840,110841,110843,110845,110847,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,110842,109],{"class":108},[48,110844,91],{"class":84},[48,110846,224],{"class":87},[48,110848,32],{"class":84},[48,110850,110281],{"class":87},[48,110852,91],{"class":84},[48,110854,4466],{"class":87},[48,110856,229],{"class":84},[48,110858,110300],{"class":129},[20,110860,18412],{},[162,110862,110863,110870],{},[165,110864,110865,110869],{},[224,110866,110867],{"href":102526},[15,110868,100100],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[165,110871,110872,110874],{},[15,110873,110191],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[34,110876,110878,1188,110880],{"id":110877},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110879,110191],{},[15,110881,102485],{},[20,110883,110884,110886],{},[15,110885,102485],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110888,110889,110891],{},[15,110890,110191],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110893,182],{},[39,110895,110897],{"className":41,"code":110896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110898,110899,110919,110939,110943,110965],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,110900,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,110902,2253],{"class":54},[48,110904,59],{"class":58},[48,110906,10203],{"class":84},[48,110908,272],{"class":488},[48,110910,365],{"class":84},[48,110912,489],{"class":488},[48,110914,365],{"class":84},[48,110916,2152],{"class":488},[48,110918,9021],{"class":84},[48,110920,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,110922,2281],{"class":54},[48,110924,59],{"class":58},[48,110926,10203],{"class":84},[48,110928,1764],{"class":488},[48,110930,365],{"class":84},[48,110932,878],{"class":488},[48,110934,365],{"class":84},[48,110936,549],{"class":488},[48,110938,9021],{"class":84},[48,110940,110941],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,110942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,110944,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110956,110958,110960,110962],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,110946,109],{"class":108},[48,110948,91],{"class":84},[48,110950,224],{"class":87},[48,110952,32],{"class":84},[48,110954,110955],{"class":87},"union",[48,110957,91],{"class":84},[48,110959,4466],{"class":87},[48,110961,229],{"class":84},[48,110963,110964],{"class":129},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[48,110966,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,110968,109],{"class":108},[48,110970,91],{"class":84},[48,110972,224],{"class":87},[48,110974,32],{"class":84},[48,110976,110281],{"class":87},[48,110978,91],{"class":84},[48,110980,4466],{"class":87},[48,110982,229],{"class":84},[48,110984,110300],{"class":129},[20,110986,26937],{},[162,110988,110989,110994],{},[165,110990,110991,110993],{},[15,110992,102485],{}," includes everything",[165,110995,110996,110998],{},[15,110997,110191],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111000,18412],{},[162,111002,111003,111010],{},[165,111004,111005,111009],{},[224,111006,111007],{"href":107416},[15,111008,102485],{}," when overlap does not matter",[165,111011,111012,111014],{},[15,111013,110191],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[34,111016,36323,111018,101284],{"id":111017},"using-the-operator",[15,111019,111020],{},"^",[20,111022,111023,111024,111026,111027,32],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111025,111020],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111028,110191],{},[20,111030,182],{},[39,111032,111034],{"className":41,"code":111033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111035,111036,111056,111076,111080,111098],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111037,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111039,110387],{"class":54},[48,111041,59],{"class":58},[48,111043,10203],{"class":84},[48,111045,272],{"class":488},[48,111047,365],{"class":84},[48,111049,489],{"class":488},[48,111051,365],{"class":84},[48,111053,2152],{"class":488},[48,111055,9021],{"class":84},[48,111057,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111059,110408],{"class":54},[48,111061,59],{"class":58},[48,111063,10203],{"class":84},[48,111065,1764],{"class":488},[48,111067,365],{"class":84},[48,111069,878],{"class":488},[48,111071,365],{"class":84},[48,111073,549],{"class":488},[48,111075,9021],{"class":84},[48,111077,111078],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111079,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111081,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111083,109],{"class":108},[48,111085,91],{"class":84},[48,111087,100271],{"class":87},[48,111089,32],{"class":84},[48,111091,110281],{"class":87},[48,111093,91],{"class":84},[48,111095,100280],{"class":87},[48,111097,1034],{"class":84},[48,111099,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111111],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111101,109],{"class":108},[48,111103,91],{"class":84},[48,111105,110387],{"class":87},[48,111107,111020],{"class":58},[48,111109,111110],{"class":87}," set2",[48,111112,102],{"class":84},[20,111114,29742],{},[39,111116,111118],{"className":41,"code":111117,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111119,111120,111140],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111121,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111123,8990],{"class":84},[48,111125,272],{"class":488},[48,111127,365],{"class":84},[48,111129,489],{"class":488},[48,111131,365],{"class":84},[48,111133,878],{"class":488},[48,111135,365],{"class":84},[48,111137,549],{"class":488},[48,111139,9021],{"class":84},[48,111141,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111143,8990],{"class":84},[48,111145,272],{"class":488},[48,111147,365],{"class":84},[48,111149,489],{"class":488},[48,111151,365],{"class":84},[48,111153,878],{"class":488},[48,111155,365],{"class":84},[48,111157,549],{"class":488},[48,111159,9021],{"class":84},[20,111161,111162],{},"Both forms:",[162,111164,111165,111168],{},[165,111166,111167],{},"return a new set",[165,111169,111170],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111172,111173],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[34,111175,4225],{"id":4224},[20,111177,20927,111178,503],{},[15,111179,110191],{},[162,111181,111182,111190,111200,111215],{},[165,111183,111184,111187,111189],{},[565,111185,111186],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9558,111188],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[165,111191,111192,111195,111197,111199],{},[565,111193,111194],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9558,111196],{},[15,111198,110191],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[165,111201,111202,111207,111209,111211,111212,111214],{},[565,111203,111204,111205],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111206,100100],{},[9558,111208],{},[15,111210,100100],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111213,110191],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[165,111216,111217,111220,111222],{},[565,111218,111219],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9558,111221],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111224,58561],{},[162,111226,111227,111236,111239,111242],{},[165,111228,50199,111229,44336,111231,111235],{},[15,111230,110191],{},[224,111232,111233],{"href":107416},[15,111234,102485],{}," is actually needed",[165,111237,111238],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[165,111240,111241],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[165,111243,111244],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111246,111247,111248,32],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[224,111249,98764],{"href":105029},[20,111251,1404],{},[39,111253,111255],{"className":41,"code":111254,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111256,111257,111267,111277,111295,111309,111323],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111258,111259,111261,111263,111265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111260,109],{"class":108},[48,111262,91],{"class":84},[48,111264,100271],{"class":87},[48,111266,102],{"class":84},[48,111268,111269,111271,111273,111275],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111270,109],{"class":108},[48,111272,91],{"class":84},[48,111274,100280],{"class":87},[48,111276,102],{"class":84},[48,111278,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111280,109],{"class":108},[48,111282,91],{"class":84},[48,111284,100271],{"class":87},[48,111286,32],{"class":84},[48,111288,110281],{"class":87},[48,111290,91],{"class":84},[48,111292,100280],{"class":87},[48,111294,1034],{"class":84},[48,111296,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111298,109],{"class":108},[48,111300,91],{"class":84},[48,111302,110387],{"class":87},[48,111304,111020],{"class":58},[48,111306,111110],{"class":87},[48,111308,102],{"class":84},[48,111310,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111312,109],{"class":108},[48,111314,91],{"class":84},[48,111316,2921],{"class":1047},[48,111318,91],{"class":84},[48,111320,100271],{"class":87},[48,111322,1034],{"class":84},[48,111324,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,111326,109],{"class":108},[48,111328,91],{"class":84},[48,111330,2921],{"class":1047},[48,111332,91],{"class":84},[48,111334,100280],{"class":87},[48,111336,1034],{"class":84},[34,111338,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,111340,12418,111342,102425],{"id":111341},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111343,110191],{},[20,111345,102428],{},[1200,111347,1559,111349,500,111351,1564],{"id":111348},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111350,110191],{},[15,111352,100100],{},[20,111354,111355,111357,111358,111360],{},[15,111356,100100],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111359,110191],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1200,111362,28044,111364,111366],{"id":111363},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111365,110191],{}," with lists?",[20,111368,111369],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111371,182],{},[39,111373,111375],{"className":41,"code":111374,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111376,111377,111397,111417,111421,111448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111380,80342],{"class":54},[48,111382,59],{"class":58},[48,111384,3326],{"class":84},[48,111386,272],{"class":488},[48,111388,365],{"class":84},[48,111390,489],{"class":488},[48,111392,365],{"class":84},[48,111394,2152],{"class":488},[48,111396,3339],{"class":84},[48,111398,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413,111415],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111400,80363],{"class":54},[48,111402,59],{"class":58},[48,111404,3326],{"class":84},[48,111406,1764],{"class":488},[48,111408,365],{"class":84},[48,111410,878],{"class":488},[48,111412,365],{"class":84},[48,111414,549],{"class":488},[48,111416,3339],{"class":84},[48,111418,111419],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111420,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111422,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111424,1929],{"class":54},[48,111426,59],{"class":58},[48,111428,15349],{"class":1047},[48,111430,91],{"class":84},[48,111432,111433],{"class":87},"list1",[48,111435,8341],{"class":84},[48,111437,110281],{"class":87},[48,111439,91],{"class":84},[48,111441,5995],{"class":1047},[48,111443,91],{"class":84},[48,111445,80629],{"class":87},[48,111447,1034],{"class":84},[48,111449,111450,111452,111454,111456],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111451,109],{"class":108},[48,111453,91],{"class":84},[48,111455,1964],{"class":87},[48,111457,102],{"class":84},[20,111459,1037],{},[39,111461,111462],{"className":41,"code":110462,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,111463,111464],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111465,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111467,8990],{"class":84},[48,111469,272],{"class":488},[48,111471,365],{"class":84},[48,111473,489],{"class":488},[48,111475,365],{"class":84},[48,111477,878],{"class":488},[48,111479,365],{"class":84},[48,111481,549],{"class":488},[48,111483,9021],{"class":84},[1200,111485,111487],{"id":111486},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111489,111490],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[34,111492,1599],{"id":1598},[162,111494,111495,111499,111504,111510,111516],{},[165,111496,111497],{},[224,111498,96014],{"href":96013},[165,111500,111501],{},[224,111502,111503],{"href":96017},"Creating a set in Python",[165,111505,111506],{},[224,111507,96500,111508,754],{"href":102526},[15,111509,100100],{},[165,111511,111512],{},[224,111513,96500,111514,754],{"href":107416},[15,111515,102485],{},[165,111517,111518],{},[224,111519,100030],{"href":105029},[20,111521,111522,111523,1888,111525,16789,111527,111529],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111524,100100],{},[15,111526,102485],{},[15,111528,110191],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1633,111531,56941],{},{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":111533},[111534,111535,111537,111538,111539,111540,111542,111544,111546,111547,111556],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":110306,"depth":73,"text":111536},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":110487,"depth":73,"text":110488},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":110735,"depth":73,"text":111541},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110877,"depth":73,"text":111543},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111017,"depth":73,"text":111545},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":111548},[111549,111551,111553,111555],{"id":111341,"depth":105,"text":111550},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111348,"depth":105,"text":111552},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111363,"depth":105,"text":111554},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111486,"depth":105,"text":111487},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110183,"description":111557},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111564,"title":111565,"body":111566,"description":113629,"extension":1666,"meta":113630,"navigation":122,"path":107416,"seo":113631,"stem":113632,"__hash__":113633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111567,"toc":113588},[111568,111573,111578,111581,111594,111596,111678,111683,111688,111692,111704,111707,111711,111713,111740,111742,111753,111756,111825,111827,111833,111836,111846,111848,111937,111942,111944,111951,111954,111956,111959,112079,112081,112150,112153,112170,112175,112178,112294,112296,112325,112328,112334,112339,112343,112424,112426,112454,112459,112463,112558,112560,112601,112605,112608,112675,112677,112718,112724,112739,112746,112753,112757,112763,112849,112853,112861,112932,112937,112944,112946,112952,112954,113019,113021,113037,113042,113045,113114,113118,113121,113180,113183,113187,113240,113253,113256,113309,113313,113315,113346,113349,113354,113407,113411,113414,113435,113447,113449,113502,113504,113509,113511,113517,113520,113526,113531,113535,113538,113546,113555,113557,113585],[10,111569,3277,111571,18],{"id":111570},"python-setunion-method",[15,111572,107729],{},[20,111574,111575,111577],{},[15,111576,107729],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111579,111580],{},"It is useful when you want:",[162,111582,111583,111586,111591],{},[165,111584,111585],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[165,111587,2253,111588,111590],{},[565,111589,100455],{}," as the result",[165,111592,111593],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[34,111595,37],{"id":36},[39,111597,111599],{"className":41,"code":111598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111600,111601,111621,111641,111645,111663,111673],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111602,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111604,110387],{"class":54},[48,111606,59],{"class":58},[48,111608,10203],{"class":84},[48,111610,272],{"class":488},[48,111612,365],{"class":84},[48,111614,489],{"class":488},[48,111616,365],{"class":84},[48,111618,2152],{"class":488},[48,111620,9021],{"class":84},[48,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111624,110408],{"class":54},[48,111626,59],{"class":58},[48,111628,10203],{"class":84},[48,111630,1764],{"class":488},[48,111632,365],{"class":84},[48,111634,878],{"class":488},[48,111636,365],{"class":84},[48,111638,549],{"class":488},[48,111640,9021],{"class":84},[48,111642,111643],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111644,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111646,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111648,1929],{"class":54},[48,111650,59],{"class":58},[48,111652,110437],{"class":54},[48,111654,32],{"class":84},[48,111656,110955],{"class":87},[48,111658,91],{"class":84},[48,111660,100280],{"class":87},[48,111662,102],{"class":84},[48,111664,111665,111667,111669,111671],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111666,109],{"class":108},[48,111668,91],{"class":84},[48,111670,1964],{"class":87},[48,111672,102],{"class":84},[48,111674,111675],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,111676,111677],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111679,111680,111682],{},[15,111681,102485],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[34,111684,148,111686,152],{"id":111685},"what-setunion-does",[15,111687,107729],{},[20,111689,111690,503],{},[15,111691,107729],{},[162,111693,111694,111697,111700,111702],{},[165,111695,111696],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[165,111698,111699],{},"keeps only unique values",[165,111701,110317],{},[165,111703,110326],{},[20,111705,111706],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111708,96010,111709,32],{},[224,111710,96014],{"href":97185},[34,111712,340],{"id":339},[39,111714,111716],{"className":41,"code":111715,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111717,111718],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111719,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111721,100271],{"class":54},[48,111723,32],{"class":84},[48,111725,110955],{"class":87},[48,111727,91],{"class":84},[48,111729,100280],{"class":87},[48,111731,365],{"class":84},[48,111733,100307],{"class":87},[48,111735,365],{"class":84},[48,111737,34167],{"class":108},[48,111739,102],{"class":84},[20,111741,160],{},[162,111743,111744,111747,111750],{},[165,111745,111746],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[165,111748,111749],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[165,111751,111752],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111754,111755],{},"Example with two sets:",[39,111757,111759],{"className":41,"code":111758,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111760,111761,111777,111793,111797,111815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111762,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111764,2253],{"class":54},[48,111766,59],{"class":58},[48,111768,10203],{"class":84},[48,111770,272],{"class":488},[48,111772,365],{"class":84},[48,111774,489],{"class":488},[48,111776,9021],{"class":84},[48,111778,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111780,2281],{"class":54},[48,111782,59],{"class":58},[48,111784,10203],{"class":84},[48,111786,280],{"class":488},[48,111788,365],{"class":84},[48,111790,2152],{"class":488},[48,111792,9021],{"class":84},[48,111794,111795],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111796,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111798,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811,111813],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111800,1929],{"class":54},[48,111802,59],{"class":58},[48,111804,56587],{"class":54},[48,111806,32],{"class":84},[48,111808,110955],{"class":87},[48,111810,91],{"class":84},[48,111812,4466],{"class":87},[48,111814,102],{"class":84},[48,111816,111817,111819,111821,111823],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111818,109],{"class":108},[48,111820,91],{"class":84},[48,111822,1964],{"class":87},[48,111824,102],{"class":84},[34,111826,21686],{"id":21685},[20,111828,111829,100452,111831,32],{},[15,111830,107729],{},[565,111832,100455],{},[20,111834,111835],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[162,111837,111838,111841],{},[165,111839,111840],{},"the original set",[165,111842,111843,111844],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111845,102485],{},[20,111847,182],{},[39,111849,111851],{"className":41,"code":111850,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111852,111853,111869,111885,111889,111907,111911,111924],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111854,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111856,2253],{"class":54},[48,111858,59],{"class":58},[48,111860,10203],{"class":84},[48,111862,272],{"class":488},[48,111864,365],{"class":84},[48,111866,489],{"class":488},[48,111868,9021],{"class":84},[48,111870,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,111872,2281],{"class":54},[48,111874,59],{"class":58},[48,111876,10203],{"class":84},[48,111878,280],{"class":488},[48,111880,365],{"class":84},[48,111882,2152],{"class":488},[48,111884,9021],{"class":84},[48,111886,111887],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,111888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111890,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901,111903,111905],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,111892,1929],{"class":54},[48,111894,59],{"class":58},[48,111896,56587],{"class":54},[48,111898,32],{"class":84},[48,111900,110955],{"class":87},[48,111902,91],{"class":84},[48,111904,4466],{"class":87},[48,111906,102],{"class":84},[48,111908,111909],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,111910,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,111912,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,111914,109],{"class":108},[48,111916,91],{"class":84},[48,111918,1964],{"class":87},[48,111920,3366],{"class":84},[48,111922,111923],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[48,111925,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,111927,109],{"class":108},[48,111929,91],{"class":84},[48,111931,224],{"class":87},[48,111933,3366],{"class":84},[48,111935,111936],{"class":129},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111938,1986,111939,111941],{},[15,111940,224],{}," did not change.",[20,111943,110559],{},[162,111945,111946,111948],{},[165,111947,110564],{},[165,111949,111950],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111952,111953],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[34,111955,11187],{"id":11186},[20,111957,111958],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[39,111960,111962],{"className":41,"code":111961,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111963,111964,111997,112030,112034,112054,112058,112068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,111965,111966,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991,111993,111995],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,111967,111968],{"class":54},"fruits1 ",[48,111970,59],{"class":58},[48,111972,10203],{"class":84},[48,111974,94],{"class":62},[48,111976,3785],{"class":66},[48,111978,94],{"class":62},[48,111980,365],{"class":84},[48,111982,63],{"class":62},[48,111984,198],{"class":66},[48,111986,94],{"class":62},[48,111988,365],{"class":84},[48,111990,63],{"class":62},[48,111992,32933],{"class":66},[48,111994,94],{"class":62},[48,111996,9021],{"class":84},[48,111998,111999,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112000,112001],{"class":54},"fruits2 ",[48,112003,59],{"class":58},[48,112005,10203],{"class":84},[48,112007,94],{"class":62},[48,112009,198],{"class":66},[48,112011,94],{"class":62},[48,112013,365],{"class":84},[48,112015,63],{"class":62},[48,112017,22248],{"class":66},[48,112019,94],{"class":62},[48,112021,365],{"class":84},[48,112023,63],{"class":62},[48,112025,32933],{"class":66},[48,112027,94],{"class":62},[48,112029,9021],{"class":84},[48,112031,112032],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112033,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112035,112036,112038,112040,112043,112045,112047,112049,112052],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112037,1929],{"class":54},[48,112039,59],{"class":58},[48,112041,112042],{"class":54}," fruits1",[48,112044,32],{"class":84},[48,112046,110955],{"class":87},[48,112048,91],{"class":84},[48,112050,112051],{"class":87},"fruits2",[48,112053,102],{"class":84},[48,112055,112056],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112057,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112059,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,112061,109],{"class":108},[48,112063,91],{"class":84},[48,112065,1964],{"class":87},[48,112067,102],{"class":84},[48,112069,112070,112072,112074,112077],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,112071,109],{"class":108},[48,112073,91],{"class":84},[48,112075,112076],{"class":87},"fruits1",[48,112078,102],{"class":84},[20,112080,29742],{},[39,112082,112084],{"className":41,"code":112083,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112085,112086,112122],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112087,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112089,8990],{"class":84},[48,112091,3001],{"class":62},[48,112093,198],{"class":66},[48,112095,3001],{"class":62},[48,112097,365],{"class":84},[48,112099,2996],{"class":62},[48,112101,32933],{"class":66},[48,112103,3001],{"class":62},[48,112105,365],{"class":84},[48,112107,2996],{"class":62},[48,112109,3785],{"class":66},[48,112111,3001],{"class":62},[48,112113,365],{"class":84},[48,112115,2996],{"class":62},[48,112117,22248],{"class":66},[48,112119,3001],{"class":62},[48,112121,9021],{"class":84},[48,112123,112124,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112125,8990],{"class":84},[48,112127,3001],{"class":62},[48,112129,198],{"class":66},[48,112131,3001],{"class":62},[48,112133,365],{"class":84},[48,112135,2996],{"class":62},[48,112137,32933],{"class":66},[48,112139,3001],{"class":62},[48,112141,365],{"class":84},[48,112143,2996],{"class":62},[48,112145,3785],{"class":66},[48,112147,3001],{"class":62},[48,112149,9021],{"class":84},[20,112151,112152],{},"What this shows:",[162,112154,112155,112162,112165],{},[165,112156,112157,500,112159,112161],{},[15,112158,64965],{},[15,112160,65390],{}," appear in both sets",[165,112163,112164],{},"they appear only once in the result",[165,112166,112167,112169],{},[15,112168,112076],{}," stays unchanged",[34,112171,758,112173,100844],{"id":112172},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112174,102485],{},[20,112176,112177],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[39,112179,112181],{"className":41,"code":112180,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112182,112183,112199,112215,112232,112249,112253,112280,112284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112184,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112186,110387],{"class":54},[48,112188,59],{"class":58},[48,112190,10203],{"class":84},[48,112192,272],{"class":488},[48,112194,365],{"class":84},[48,112196,489],{"class":488},[48,112198,9021],{"class":84},[48,112200,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112202,110408],{"class":54},[48,112204,59],{"class":58},[48,112206,10203],{"class":84},[48,112208,280],{"class":488},[48,112210,365],{"class":84},[48,112212,2152],{"class":488},[48,112214,9021],{"class":84},[48,112216,112217,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112218,112219],{"class":54},"set3 ",[48,112221,59],{"class":58},[48,112223,10203],{"class":84},[48,112225,1764],{"class":488},[48,112227,365],{"class":84},[48,112229,878],{"class":488},[48,112231,9021],{"class":84},[48,112233,112234,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112235,112236],{"class":54},"set4 ",[48,112238,59],{"class":58},[48,112240,10203],{"class":84},[48,112242,907],{"class":488},[48,112244,365],{"class":84},[48,112246,549],{"class":488},[48,112248,9021],{"class":84},[48,112250,112251],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112252,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112254,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112278],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,112256,1929],{"class":54},[48,112258,59],{"class":58},[48,112260,110437],{"class":54},[48,112262,32],{"class":84},[48,112264,110955],{"class":87},[48,112266,91],{"class":84},[48,112268,100280],{"class":87},[48,112270,365],{"class":84},[48,112272,100307],{"class":87},[48,112274,365],{"class":84},[48,112276,112277],{"class":87}," set4",[48,112279,102],{"class":84},[48,112281,112282],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,112283,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112285,112286,112288,112290,112292],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,112287,109],{"class":108},[48,112289,91],{"class":84},[48,112291,1964],{"class":87},[48,112293,102],{"class":84},[20,112295,29742],{},[39,112297,112299],{"className":41,"code":112298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112300,112301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112302,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112304,8990],{"class":84},[48,112306,272],{"class":488},[48,112308,365],{"class":84},[48,112310,489],{"class":488},[48,112312,365],{"class":84},[48,112314,2152],{"class":488},[48,112316,365],{"class":84},[48,112318,878],{"class":488},[48,112320,365],{"class":84},[48,112322,549],{"class":488},[48,112324,9021],{"class":84},[20,112326,112327],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[34,112329,758,112331,112333],{"id":112330},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112332,102485],{}," with other iterables",[20,112335,112336,112338],{},[15,112337,102485],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1200,112340,112342],{"id":112341},"with-a-list","With a list",[39,112344,112346],{"className":41,"code":112345,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112347,112348,112368,112392,112396,112414],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112349,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112351,3321],{"class":54},[48,112353,59],{"class":58},[48,112355,10203],{"class":84},[48,112357,272],{"class":488},[48,112359,365],{"class":84},[48,112361,489],{"class":488},[48,112363,365],{"class":84},[48,112365,2152],{"class":488},[48,112367,9021],{"class":84},[48,112369,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112371,60743],{"class":54},[48,112373,59],{"class":58},[48,112375,3326],{"class":84},[48,112377,1764],{"class":488},[48,112379,365],{"class":84},[48,112381,878],{"class":488},[48,112383,365],{"class":84},[48,112385,549],{"class":488},[48,112387,365],{"class":84},[48,112389,549],{"class":488},[48,112391,3339],{"class":84},[48,112393,112394],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112395,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112397,112398,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112399,1929],{"class":54},[48,112401,59],{"class":58},[48,112403,3969],{"class":54},[48,112405,32],{"class":84},[48,112407,110955],{"class":87},[48,112409,91],{"class":84},[48,112411,60772],{"class":87},[48,112413,102],{"class":84},[48,112415,112416,112418,112420,112422],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112417,109],{"class":108},[48,112419,91],{"class":84},[48,112421,1964],{"class":87},[48,112423,102],{"class":84},[20,112425,29742],{},[39,112427,112428],{"className":41,"code":112298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,112429,112430],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112431,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112433,8990],{"class":84},[48,112435,272],{"class":488},[48,112437,365],{"class":84},[48,112439,489],{"class":488},[48,112441,365],{"class":84},[48,112443,2152],{"class":488},[48,112445,365],{"class":84},[48,112447,878],{"class":488},[48,112449,365],{"class":84},[48,112451,549],{"class":488},[48,112453,9021],{"class":84},[20,112455,741,112456,112458],{},[15,112457,1837],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1200,112460,112462],{"id":112461},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[39,112464,112466],{"className":41,"code":112465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112467,112468,112492,112525,112529,112548],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112469,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112471,35800],{"class":54},[48,112473,59],{"class":58},[48,112475,10203],{"class":84},[48,112477,94],{"class":62},[48,112479,224],{"class":66},[48,112481,94],{"class":62},[48,112483,365],{"class":84},[48,112485,63],{"class":62},[48,112487,4466],{"class":66},[48,112489,94],{"class":62},[48,112491,9021],{"class":84},[48,112493,112494,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112495,112496],{"class":54},"more_letters ",[48,112498,59],{"class":58},[48,112500,8948],{"class":84},[48,112502,94],{"class":62},[48,112504,4466],{"class":66},[48,112506,94],{"class":62},[48,112508,365],{"class":84},[48,112510,63],{"class":62},[48,112512,632],{"class":66},[48,112514,94],{"class":62},[48,112516,365],{"class":84},[48,112518,63],{"class":62},[48,112520,18485],{"class":66},[48,112522,94],{"class":62},[48,112524,102],{"class":84},[48,112526,112527],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112528,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112530,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112546],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112532,1929],{"class":54},[48,112534,59],{"class":58},[48,112536,69782],{"class":54},[48,112538,32],{"class":84},[48,112540,110955],{"class":87},[48,112542,91],{"class":84},[48,112544,112545],{"class":87},"more_letters",[48,112547,102],{"class":84},[48,112549,112550,112552,112554,112556],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112551,109],{"class":108},[48,112553,91],{"class":84},[48,112555,1964],{"class":87},[48,112557,102],{"class":84},[20,112559,29742],{},[39,112561,112563],{"className":41,"code":112562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112564,112565],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112566,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112568,8990],{"class":84},[48,112570,3001],{"class":62},[48,112572,224],{"class":66},[48,112574,3001],{"class":62},[48,112576,365],{"class":84},[48,112578,2996],{"class":62},[48,112580,4466],{"class":66},[48,112582,3001],{"class":62},[48,112584,365],{"class":84},[48,112586,2996],{"class":62},[48,112588,632],{"class":66},[48,112590,3001],{"class":62},[48,112592,365],{"class":84},[48,112594,2996],{"class":62},[48,112596,18485],{"class":66},[48,112598,3001],{"class":62},[48,112600,9021],{"class":84},[1200,112602,112604],{"id":112603},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112606,112607],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[39,112609,112611],{"className":41,"code":112610,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112612,112613,112638,112661,112665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112614,112615,112618,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112616,112617],{"class":54},"chars ",[48,112619,59],{"class":58},[48,112621,10203],{"class":84},[48,112623,94],{"class":62},[48,112625,224],{"class":66},[48,112627,94],{"class":62},[48,112629,365],{"class":84},[48,112631,63],{"class":62},[48,112633,4466],{"class":66},[48,112635,94],{"class":62},[48,112637,9021],{"class":84},[48,112639,112640,112642,112644,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112641,1929],{"class":54},[48,112643,59],{"class":58},[48,112645,112646],{"class":54}," chars",[48,112648,32],{"class":84},[48,112650,110955],{"class":87},[48,112652,91],{"class":84},[48,112654,94],{"class":62},[48,112656,607],{"class":66},[48,112658,94],{"class":62},[48,112660,102],{"class":84},[48,112662,112663],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112664,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112666,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112668,109],{"class":108},[48,112670,91],{"class":84},[48,112672,1964],{"class":87},[48,112674,102],{"class":84},[20,112676,29742],{},[39,112678,112680],{"className":41,"code":112679,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112681,112682],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112683,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112685,8990],{"class":84},[48,112687,3001],{"class":62},[48,112689,224],{"class":66},[48,112691,3001],{"class":62},[48,112693,365],{"class":84},[48,112695,2996],{"class":62},[48,112697,4466],{"class":66},[48,112699,3001],{"class":62},[48,112701,365],{"class":84},[48,112703,2996],{"class":62},[48,112705,632],{"class":66},[48,112707,3001],{"class":62},[48,112709,365],{"class":84},[48,112711,2996],{"class":62},[48,112713,436],{"class":66},[48,112715,3001],{"class":62},[48,112717,9021],{"class":84},[20,112719,21904,112720,112723],{},[15,112721,112722],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[162,112725,112726,112730,112734],{},[165,112727,112728],{},[15,112729,66167],{},[165,112731,112732],{},[15,112733,268],{},[165,112735,112736],{},[15,112737,112738],{},"\"t\"",[34,112740,112742,1188,112744],{"id":112741},"union-vs-update",[15,112743,102485],{},[15,112745,14669],{},[20,112747,112748,500,112750,112752],{},[15,112749,102485],{},[15,112751,14669],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1200,112754,112755],{"id":110955},[15,112756,102485],{},[162,112758,112759,112761],{},[165,112760,110317],{},[165,112762,110326],{},[39,112764,112765],{"className":41,"code":111850,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,112766,112767,112783,112799,112803,112821,112825,112837],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112768,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112770,2253],{"class":54},[48,112772,59],{"class":58},[48,112774,10203],{"class":84},[48,112776,272],{"class":488},[48,112778,365],{"class":84},[48,112780,489],{"class":488},[48,112782,9021],{"class":84},[48,112784,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112786,2281],{"class":54},[48,112788,59],{"class":58},[48,112790,10203],{"class":84},[48,112792,280],{"class":488},[48,112794,365],{"class":84},[48,112796,2152],{"class":488},[48,112798,9021],{"class":84},[48,112800,112801],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112802,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112804,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112806,1929],{"class":54},[48,112808,59],{"class":58},[48,112810,56587],{"class":54},[48,112812,32],{"class":84},[48,112814,110955],{"class":87},[48,112816,91],{"class":84},[48,112818,4466],{"class":87},[48,112820,102],{"class":84},[48,112822,112823],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112824,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112826,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,112828,109],{"class":108},[48,112830,91],{"class":84},[48,112832,1964],{"class":87},[48,112834,3366],{"class":84},[48,112836,111923],{"class":129},[48,112838,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,112840,109],{"class":108},[48,112842,91],{"class":84},[48,112844,224],{"class":87},[48,112846,3366],{"class":84},[48,112848,111936],{"class":129},[1200,112850,112851],{"id":30175},[15,112852,14669],{},[162,112854,112855,112858],{},[165,112856,112857],{},"changes the existing set in place",[165,112859,112860],{},"does not create a separate result set",[39,112862,112864],{"className":41,"code":112863,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112865,112866,112882,112898,112902,112916,112920],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112867,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112869,2253],{"class":54},[48,112871,59],{"class":58},[48,112873,10203],{"class":84},[48,112875,272],{"class":488},[48,112877,365],{"class":84},[48,112879,489],{"class":488},[48,112881,9021],{"class":84},[48,112883,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112885,2281],{"class":54},[48,112887,59],{"class":58},[48,112889,10203],{"class":84},[48,112891,280],{"class":488},[48,112893,365],{"class":84},[48,112895,2152],{"class":488},[48,112897,9021],{"class":84},[48,112899,112900],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112901,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112903,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112905,224],{"class":54},[48,112907,32],{"class":84},[48,112909,30175],{"class":87},[48,112911,91],{"class":84},[48,112913,4466],{"class":87},[48,112915,102],{"class":84},[48,112917,112918],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,112919,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112921,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,112923,109],{"class":108},[48,112925,91],{"class":84},[48,112927,224],{"class":87},[48,112929,3366],{"class":84},[48,112931,111923],{"class":129},[20,112933,139,112934,112936],{},[15,112935,102485],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112938,112939,112940,32],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[224,112941,3277,112942,754],{"href":98205},[15,112943,97000],{},[34,112945,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,112947,1379,112949,112951],{"id":112948},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112950,102485],{}," to change the original set",[20,112953,81511],{},[39,112955,112957],{"className":41,"code":112956,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112958,112959,112975,112991,112995,113009],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,112960,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,112962,2253],{"class":54},[48,112964,59],{"class":58},[48,112966,10203],{"class":84},[48,112968,272],{"class":488},[48,112970,365],{"class":84},[48,112972,489],{"class":488},[48,112974,9021],{"class":84},[48,112976,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,112978,2281],{"class":54},[48,112980,59],{"class":58},[48,112982,10203],{"class":84},[48,112984,280],{"class":488},[48,112986,365],{"class":84},[48,112988,2152],{"class":488},[48,112990,9021],{"class":84},[48,112992,112993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,112994,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,112996,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,112998,224],{"class":54},[48,113000,32],{"class":84},[48,113002,110955],{"class":87},[48,113004,91],{"class":84},[48,113006,4466],{"class":87},[48,113008,102],{"class":84},[48,113010,113011,113013,113015,113017],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,113012,109],{"class":108},[48,113014,91],{"class":84},[48,113016,224],{"class":87},[48,113018,102],{"class":84},[20,113020,1037],{},[39,113022,113023],{"className":41,"code":100193,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,113024,113025],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113026,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113028,8990],{"class":84},[48,113030,272],{"class":488},[48,113032,365],{"class":84},[48,113034,489],{"class":488},[48,113036,9021],{"class":84},[20,113038,8205,113039,113041],{},[15,113040,102485],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113043,113044],{},"Fix it like this:",[39,113046,113048],{"className":41,"code":113047,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113049,113050,113066,113082,113086,113104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113051,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062,113064],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113053,2253],{"class":54},[48,113055,59],{"class":58},[48,113057,10203],{"class":84},[48,113059,272],{"class":488},[48,113061,365],{"class":84},[48,113063,489],{"class":488},[48,113065,9021],{"class":84},[48,113067,113068,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113069,2281],{"class":54},[48,113071,59],{"class":58},[48,113073,10203],{"class":84},[48,113075,280],{"class":488},[48,113077,365],{"class":84},[48,113079,2152],{"class":488},[48,113081,9021],{"class":84},[48,113083,113084],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113085,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,113087,113088,113090,113092,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113089,2253],{"class":54},[48,113091,59],{"class":58},[48,113093,56587],{"class":54},[48,113095,32],{"class":84},[48,113097,110955],{"class":87},[48,113099,91],{"class":84},[48,113101,4466],{"class":87},[48,113103,102],{"class":84},[48,113105,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,113107,109],{"class":108},[48,113109,91],{"class":84},[48,113111,224],{"class":87},[48,113113,102],{"class":84},[1200,113115,113117],{"id":113116},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113119,113120],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[39,113122,113124],{"className":41,"code":113123,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113125,113126,113142,113158,113162],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113127,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138,113140],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113129,2253],{"class":54},[48,113131,59],{"class":58},[48,113133,10203],{"class":84},[48,113135,1764],{"class":488},[48,113137,365],{"class":84},[48,113139,5204],{"class":488},[48,113141,9021],{"class":84},[48,113143,113144,113146,113148,113150,113152,113154,113156],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113145,2281],{"class":54},[48,113147,59],{"class":58},[48,113149,10203],{"class":84},[48,113151,280],{"class":488},[48,113153,365],{"class":84},[48,113155,878],{"class":488},[48,113157,9021],{"class":84},[48,113159,113160],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113161,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,113163,113164,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113165,109],{"class":108},[48,113167,91],{"class":84},[48,113169,224],{"class":87},[48,113171,32],{"class":84},[48,113173,110955],{"class":87},[48,113175,91],{"class":84},[48,113177,4466],{"class":87},[48,113179,1034],{"class":84},[20,113181,113182],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1200,113184,113186],{"id":113185},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[39,113188,113190],{"className":41,"code":113189,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113191,113192,113208,113230],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113193,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113195,3776],{"class":54},[48,113197,59],{"class":58},[48,113199,10203],{"class":84},[48,113201,94],{"class":62},[48,113203,57827],{"class":66},[48,113205,94],{"class":62},[48,113207,9021],{"class":84},[48,113209,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113211,1929],{"class":54},[48,113213,59],{"class":58},[48,113215,5876],{"class":54},[48,113217,32],{"class":84},[48,113219,110955],{"class":87},[48,113221,91],{"class":84},[48,113223,94],{"class":62},[48,113225,607],{"class":66},[48,113227,94],{"class":62},[48,113229,102],{"class":84},[48,113231,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113233,109],{"class":108},[48,113235,91],{"class":84},[48,113237,1964],{"class":87},[48,113239,102],{"class":84},[20,113241,113242,113243,1888,113245,16789,113247,113249,113250,113252],{},"This adds ",[15,113244,66167],{},[15,113246,268],{},[15,113248,112738],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113251,112722],{}," as one item.",[20,113254,113255],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[39,113257,113259],{"className":41,"code":113258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113260,113261,113277,113299],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113262,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113264,3776],{"class":54},[48,113266,59],{"class":58},[48,113268,10203],{"class":84},[48,113270,94],{"class":62},[48,113272,57827],{"class":66},[48,113274,94],{"class":62},[48,113276,9021],{"class":84},[48,113278,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113280,1929],{"class":54},[48,113282,59],{"class":58},[48,113284,5876],{"class":54},[48,113286,32],{"class":84},[48,113288,110955],{"class":87},[48,113290,2684],{"class":84},[48,113292,94],{"class":62},[48,113294,607],{"class":66},[48,113296,94],{"class":62},[48,113298,3593],{"class":84},[48,113300,113301,113303,113305,113307],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113302,109],{"class":108},[48,113304,91],{"class":84},[48,113306,1964],{"class":87},[48,113308,102],{"class":84},[1200,113310,113312],{"id":113311},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113314,2535],{},[39,113316,113318],{"className":41,"code":113317,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113319,113320],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113321,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113323,15344],{"class":54},[48,113325,59],{"class":58},[48,113327,10203],{"class":84},[48,113329,272],{"class":488},[48,113331,365],{"class":84},[48,113333,489],{"class":488},[48,113335,365],{"class":84},[48,113337,3326],{"class":84},[48,113339,1764],{"class":488},[48,113341,365],{"class":84},[48,113343,878],{"class":488},[48,113345,13420],{"class":84},[20,113347,113348],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113350,113351,113352,503],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113353,102485],{},[39,113355,113357],{"className":41,"code":113356,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113358,113359,113375,113397],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113360,113361,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113362,15344],{"class":54},[48,113364,59],{"class":58},[48,113366,10203],{"class":84},[48,113368,272],{"class":488},[48,113370,365],{"class":84},[48,113372,489],{"class":488},[48,113374,9021],{"class":84},[48,113376,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393,113395],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113378,1929],{"class":54},[48,113380,59],{"class":58},[48,113382,96610],{"class":54},[48,113384,32],{"class":84},[48,113386,110955],{"class":87},[48,113388,2684],{"class":84},[48,113390,1764],{"class":488},[48,113392,365],{"class":84},[48,113394,878],{"class":488},[48,113396,3593],{"class":84},[48,113398,113399,113401,113403,113405],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113400,109],{"class":108},[48,113402,91],{"class":84},[48,113404,1964],{"class":87},[48,113406,102],{"class":84},[34,113408,113410],{"id":113409},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113412,113413],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[162,113415,113416,113422,113429,113432],{},[165,113417,113418,113419,113421],{},"call ",[15,113420,102485],{}," without saving the returned set",[165,113423,113424,113425,8415,113427],{},"confuse ",[15,113426,102485],{},[15,113428,14669],{},[165,113430,113431],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[165,113433,113434],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113436,113437,113438,500,113442,32],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[224,113439,3277,113440,754],{"href":102474},[15,113441,106259],{},[224,113443,3277,113445,754],{"href":113444},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113446,100105],{},[20,113448,1404],{},[39,113450,113452],{"className":41,"code":113451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113453,113454,113464,113478,113488],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113457,109],{"class":108},[48,113459,91],{"class":84},[48,113461,15382],{"class":87},[48,113463,102],{"class":84},[48,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113467,109],{"class":108},[48,113469,91],{"class":84},[48,113471,2921],{"class":1047},[48,113473,91],{"class":84},[48,113475,15382],{"class":87},[48,113477,1034],{"class":84},[48,113479,113480,113482,113484,113486],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113481,109],{"class":108},[48,113483,91],{"class":84},[48,113485,1964],{"class":87},[48,113487,102],{"class":84},[48,113489,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113491,31864],{"class":108},[48,113493,91],{"class":84},[48,113495,5995],{"class":1047},[48,113497,32],{"class":84},[48,113499,110955],{"class":24466},[48,113501,102],{"class":84},[34,113503,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,113505,12418,113507,102425],{"id":113506},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113508,107729],{},[20,113510,102428],{},[1200,113512,1579,113514,113516],{"id":113513},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113515,102485],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113518,113519],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1200,113521,28044,113523,113525],{"id":113522},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113524,102485],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113527,41859,113528,113530],{},[15,113529,102485],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1200,113532,113534],{"id":113533},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113536,113537],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1200,113539,1559,113541,500,113543,1564],{"id":113540},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113542,102485],{},[15,113544,113545],{},"|",[20,113547,113548,113549,113551,113552,113554],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113550,113545],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113553,102485],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[34,113556,1599],{"id":1598},[162,113558,113559,113563,113569,113575,113581],{},[165,113560,113561],{},[224,113562,96014],{"href":97185},[165,113564,113565],{},[224,113566,3277,113567,754],{"href":98205},[15,113568,97000],{},[165,113570,113571],{},[224,113572,3277,113573,754],{"href":102474},[15,113574,106259],{},[165,113576,113577],{},[224,113578,3277,113579,754],{"href":113444},[15,113580,100105],{},[165,113582,113583],{},[224,113584,100030],{"href":98763},[1633,113586,113587],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":113589},[113590,113591,113593,113594,113595,113596,113598,113604,113609,113616,113617,113628],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":111685,"depth":73,"text":113592},"What set.union() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":21685,"depth":73,"text":21686},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":112172,"depth":73,"text":113597},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112330,"depth":73,"text":113599,"children":113600},"Using union() with other iterables",[113601,113602,113603],{"id":112341,"depth":105,"text":112342},{"id":112461,"depth":105,"text":112462},{"id":112603,"depth":105,"text":112604},{"id":112741,"depth":73,"text":113605,"children":113606},"union() vs update()",[113607,113608],{"id":110955,"depth":105,"text":102485},{"id":30175,"depth":105,"text":14669},{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":113610},[113611,113613,113614,113615],{"id":112948,"depth":105,"text":113612},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113116,"depth":105,"text":113117},{"id":113185,"depth":105,"text":113186},{"id":113311,"depth":105,"text":113312},{"id":113409,"depth":73,"text":113410},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":113618},[113619,113621,113623,113625,113626],{"id":113506,"depth":105,"text":113620},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113513,"depth":105,"text":113622},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113522,"depth":105,"text":113624},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113533,"depth":105,"text":113534},{"id":113540,"depth":105,"text":113627},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111565,"description":113629},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113635,"title":113636,"body":113637,"description":115526,"extension":1666,"meta":115527,"navigation":122,"path":96499,"seo":115528,"stem":115529,"__hash__":115530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113638,"toc":115492},[113639,113644,113649,113657,113659,113717,113722,113727,113731,113743,113746,113820,113825,113827,113829,113848,113850,113867,113870,113897,113899,113969,113973,113975,113981,113983,114044,114049,114051,114108,114112,114117,114182,114184,114204,114211,114215,114220,114305,114308,114315,114418,114422,114427,114485,114488,114499,114513,114520,114578,114585,114588,114598,114602,114660,114664,114730,114733,114791,114798,114805,114808,114812,114821,114890,114894,114900,114988,114998,115002,115006,115010,115013,115074,115079,115136,115140,115142,115177,115184,115186,115240,115247,115251,115254,115319,115328,115334,115391,115393,115398,115402,115406,115409,115416,115424,115428,115433,115437,115443,115445,115480,115489],[10,113640,95886,113642,18],{"id":113641},"python-set-update-method",[15,113643,14669],{},[20,113645,113646,113648],{},[15,113647,97000],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113650,113651,113652,113656],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[224,113653,113654],{"href":98186},[15,113655,95894],{},", which adds only one item.",[34,113658,3311],{"id":3310},[39,113660,113662],{"className":41,"code":113661,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113663,113664,113680,113702,113712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113665,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674,113676,113678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113667,3321],{"class":54},[48,113669,59],{"class":58},[48,113671,10203],{"class":84},[48,113673,272],{"class":488},[48,113675,365],{"class":84},[48,113677,489],{"class":488},[48,113679,9021],{"class":84},[48,113681,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113683,3353],{"class":54},[48,113685,32],{"class":84},[48,113687,30175],{"class":87},[48,113689,2684],{"class":84},[48,113691,280],{"class":488},[48,113693,365],{"class":84},[48,113695,2152],{"class":488},[48,113697,365],{"class":84},[48,113699,878],{"class":488},[48,113701,3593],{"class":84},[48,113703,113704,113706,113708,113710],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113705,109],{"class":108},[48,113707,91],{"class":84},[48,113709,3353],{"class":87},[48,113711,102],{"class":84},[48,113713,113714],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113715,113716],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113718,139,113719,113721],{},[15,113720,14669],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[34,113723,148,113725,152],{"id":113724},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113726,97000],{},[20,113728,113729,503],{},[15,113730,97000],{},[162,113732,113733,113736,113738,113741],{},[165,113734,113735],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[165,113737,96001],{},[165,113739,113740],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[165,113742,96004],{},[20,113744,113745],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[39,113747,113749],{"className":41,"code":113748,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113750,113751,113775,113801,113805,113815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113752,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113754,12789],{"class":54},[48,113756,59],{"class":58},[48,113758,10203],{"class":84},[48,113760,94],{"class":62},[48,113762,12806],{"class":66},[48,113764,94],{"class":62},[48,113766,365],{"class":84},[48,113768,63],{"class":62},[48,113770,12823],{"class":66},[48,113772,94],{"class":62},[48,113774,9021],{"class":84},[48,113776,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113778,17220],{"class":54},[48,113780,32],{"class":84},[48,113782,30175],{"class":87},[48,113784,2684],{"class":84},[48,113786,94],{"class":62},[48,113788,12823],{"class":66},[48,113790,94],{"class":62},[48,113792,365],{"class":84},[48,113794,63],{"class":62},[48,113796,17173],{"class":66},[48,113798,94],{"class":62},[48,113800,3593],{"class":84},[48,113802,113803],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113804,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,113806,113807,113809,113811,113813],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113808,109],{"class":108},[48,113810,91],{"class":84},[48,113812,17220],{"class":87},[48,113814,102],{"class":84},[48,113816,113817],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,113818,113819],{"class":129},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113821,741,113822,113824],{},[15,113823,110720],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[34,113826,340],{"id":339},[20,113828,6926],{},[39,113830,113832],{"className":41,"code":113831,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113833,113834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113837,15382],{"class":54},[48,113839,32],{"class":84},[48,113841,30175],{"class":87},[48,113843,91],{"class":84},[48,113845,3425],{"class":87},[48,113847,102],{"class":84},[20,113849,79887],{},[162,113851,113852,113855,113858,113861,113864],{},[165,113853,113854],{},"A list",[165,113856,113857],{},"A tuple",[165,113859,113860],{},"Another set",[165,113862,113863],{},"A string",[165,113865,113866],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113868,113869],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[39,113871,113873],{"className":41,"code":113872,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113874,113875],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113876,113877,113879,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113878,15382],{"class":54},[48,113880,32],{"class":84},[48,113882,30175],{"class":87},[48,113884,91],{"class":84},[48,113886,224],{"class":87},[48,113888,365],{"class":84},[48,113890,2258],{"class":87},[48,113892,365],{"class":84},[48,113894,9394],{"class":87},[48,113896,102],{"class":84},[20,113898,182],{},[39,113900,113902],{"className":41,"code":113901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113903,113904,113916,113950,113954,113964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113905,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113907,3528],{"class":54},[48,113909,59],{"class":58},[48,113911,10203],{"class":84},[48,113913,272],{"class":488},[48,113915,9021],{"class":84},[48,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,113919,5065],{"class":54},[48,113921,32],{"class":84},[48,113923,30175],{"class":87},[48,113925,2684],{"class":84},[48,113927,280],{"class":488},[48,113929,365],{"class":84},[48,113931,2152],{"class":488},[48,113933,17780],{"class":84},[48,113935,8948],{"class":84},[48,113937,907],{"class":488},[48,113939,365],{"class":84},[48,113941,549],{"class":488},[48,113943,8945],{"class":84},[48,113945,10203],{"class":84},[48,113947,80278],{"class":488},[48,113949,30207],{"class":84},[48,113951,113952],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,113953,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,113955,113956,113958,113960,113962],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,113957,109],{"class":108},[48,113959,91],{"class":84},[48,113961,5065],{"class":87},[48,113963,102],{"class":84},[48,113965,113966],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,113967,113968],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113970,96010,113971,32],{},[224,113972,96018],{"href":97569},[34,113974,21686],{"id":21685},[20,113976,113977,1572,113979,32],{},[15,113978,97000],{},[15,113980,3483],{},[20,113982,11427],{},[39,113984,113986],{"className":41,"code":113985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113987,113988,114004,114026,114030,114040],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,113989,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,113991,3321],{"class":54},[48,113993,59],{"class":58},[48,113995,10203],{"class":84},[48,113997,272],{"class":488},[48,113999,365],{"class":84},[48,114001,489],{"class":488},[48,114003,9021],{"class":84},[48,114005,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114007,1929],{"class":54},[48,114009,59],{"class":58},[48,114011,3969],{"class":54},[48,114013,32],{"class":84},[48,114015,30175],{"class":87},[48,114017,2684],{"class":84},[48,114019,1764],{"class":488},[48,114021,365],{"class":84},[48,114023,878],{"class":488},[48,114025,3593],{"class":84},[48,114027,114028],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114029,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114031,114032,114034,114036,114038],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114033,109],{"class":108},[48,114035,91],{"class":84},[48,114037,1964],{"class":87},[48,114039,102],{"class":84},[48,114041,114042],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114043,61526],{"class":129},[20,114045,114046,114047,32],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114048,1964],{},[20,114050,18686],{},[39,114052,114054],{"className":41,"code":114053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114055,114056,114072,114090,114094,114104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114057,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114059,3321],{"class":54},[48,114061,59],{"class":58},[48,114063,10203],{"class":84},[48,114065,272],{"class":488},[48,114067,365],{"class":84},[48,114069,489],{"class":488},[48,114071,9021],{"class":84},[48,114073,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114075,3353],{"class":54},[48,114077,32],{"class":84},[48,114079,30175],{"class":87},[48,114081,2684],{"class":84},[48,114083,1764],{"class":488},[48,114085,365],{"class":84},[48,114087,878],{"class":488},[48,114089,3593],{"class":84},[48,114091,114092],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114093,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114097,109],{"class":108},[48,114099,91],{"class":84},[48,114101,3353],{"class":87},[48,114103,102],{"class":84},[48,114105,114106],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114107,113716],{"class":129},[34,114109,114111],{"id":114110},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114113,114114,114115,32],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114116,14669],{},[39,114118,114120],{"className":41,"code":114119,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114121,114122,114138,114164,114168,114178],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114123,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114125,3321],{"class":54},[48,114127,59],{"class":58},[48,114129,10203],{"class":84},[48,114131,272],{"class":488},[48,114133,365],{"class":84},[48,114135,489],{"class":488},[48,114137,9021],{"class":84},[48,114139,114140,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114141,3353],{"class":54},[48,114143,32],{"class":84},[48,114145,30175],{"class":87},[48,114147,2684],{"class":84},[48,114149,280],{"class":488},[48,114151,365],{"class":84},[48,114153,2152],{"class":488},[48,114155,365],{"class":84},[48,114157,878],{"class":488},[48,114159,365],{"class":84},[48,114161,878],{"class":488},[48,114163,3593],{"class":84},[48,114165,114166],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114167,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114171,109],{"class":108},[48,114173,91],{"class":84},[48,114175,3353],{"class":87},[48,114177,102],{"class":84},[48,114179,114180],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114181,113716],{"class":129},[20,114183,11396],{},[162,114185,114186,114191,114198],{},[165,114187,114188,114190],{},[15,114189,280],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[165,114192,114193,500,114195,114197],{},[15,114194,1764],{},[15,114196,907],{}," are added",[165,114199,114200,114201,114203],{},"The second ",[15,114202,907],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114205,114206,114207,114210],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[224,114208,114209],{"href":98763},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[34,114212,114214],{"id":114213},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114216,7472,114217,114219],{},[15,114218,14669],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[39,114221,114223],{"className":41,"code":114222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114224,114225,114246,114267,114271,114287,114291,114301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114226,114227,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114228,114229],{"class":54},"set_a ",[48,114231,59],{"class":58},[48,114233,10203],{"class":84},[48,114235,272],{"class":488},[48,114237,365],{"class":84},[48,114239,489],{"class":488},[48,114241,365],{"class":84},[48,114243,2152],{"class":488},[48,114245,9021],{"class":84},[48,114247,114248,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263,114265],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114249,114250],{"class":54},"set_b ",[48,114252,59],{"class":58},[48,114254,10203],{"class":84},[48,114256,1764],{"class":488},[48,114258,365],{"class":84},[48,114260,878],{"class":488},[48,114262,365],{"class":84},[48,114264,549],{"class":488},[48,114266,9021],{"class":84},[48,114268,114269],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114270,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114272,114273,114276,114278,114280,114282,114285],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114274,114275],{"class":54},"set_a",[48,114277,32],{"class":84},[48,114279,30175],{"class":87},[48,114281,91],{"class":84},[48,114283,114284],{"class":87},"set_b",[48,114286,102],{"class":84},[48,114288,114289],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114290,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114292,114293,114295,114297,114299],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,114294,109],{"class":108},[48,114296,91],{"class":84},[48,114298,114275],{"class":87},[48,114300,102],{"class":84},[48,114302,114303],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,114304,111677],{"class":129},[20,114306,114307],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114309,114310,114311,32],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[224,114312,114313],{"href":102482},[15,114314,107729],{},[39,114316,114318],{"className":41,"code":114317,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114319,114320,114340,114360,114364,114384,114388,114399,114403,114413],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114321,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114323,114229],{"class":54},[48,114325,59],{"class":58},[48,114327,10203],{"class":84},[48,114329,272],{"class":488},[48,114331,365],{"class":84},[48,114333,489],{"class":488},[48,114335,365],{"class":84},[48,114337,2152],{"class":488},[48,114339,9021],{"class":84},[48,114341,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114343,114250],{"class":54},[48,114345,59],{"class":58},[48,114347,10203],{"class":84},[48,114349,1764],{"class":488},[48,114351,365],{"class":84},[48,114353,878],{"class":488},[48,114355,365],{"class":84},[48,114357,549],{"class":488},[48,114359,9021],{"class":84},[48,114361,114362],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114363,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114365,114366,114369,114371,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114367,114368],{"class":54},"combined ",[48,114370,59],{"class":58},[48,114372,114373],{"class":54}," set_a",[48,114375,32],{"class":84},[48,114377,110955],{"class":87},[48,114379,91],{"class":84},[48,114381,114284],{"class":87},[48,114383,102],{"class":84},[48,114385,114386],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114387,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114389,114390,114392,114394,114397],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,114391,109],{"class":108},[48,114393,91],{"class":84},[48,114395,114396],{"class":87},"combined",[48,114398,102],{"class":84},[48,114400,114401],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,114402,111677],{"class":129},[48,114404,114405,114407,114409,114411],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,114406,109],{"class":108},[48,114408,91],{"class":84},[48,114410,114275],{"class":87},[48,114412,102],{"class":84},[48,114414,114415],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,114416,114417],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[34,114419,114421],{"id":114420},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114423,64433,114424,114426],{},[15,114425,14669],{}," adds each character separately.",[39,114428,114430],{"className":41,"code":114429,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114431,114432,114448,114466,114470,114480],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114433,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114435,35800],{"class":54},[48,114437,59],{"class":58},[48,114439,10203],{"class":84},[48,114441,94],{"class":62},[48,114443,1873],{"class":66},[48,114445,94],{"class":62},[48,114447,9021],{"class":84},[48,114449,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114451,35853],{"class":54},[48,114453,32],{"class":84},[48,114455,30175],{"class":87},[48,114457,91],{"class":84},[48,114459,94],{"class":62},[48,114461,607],{"class":66},[48,114463,94],{"class":62},[48,114465,102],{"class":84},[48,114467,114468],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114469,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114471,114472,114474,114476,114478],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114473,109],{"class":108},[48,114475,91],{"class":84},[48,114477,35853],{"class":87},[48,114479,102],{"class":84},[48,114481,114482],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114483,114484],{"class":129},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114486,114487],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114489,114490,13768,114493,114495,114496,114498],{},[15,114491,114492],{},"update(\"cat\")",[565,114494,1055],{}," add ",[15,114497,112722],{}," as one item. It adds:",[162,114500,114501,114505,114509],{},[165,114502,114503],{},[15,114504,66167],{},[165,114506,114507],{},[15,114508,268],{},[165,114510,114511],{},[15,114512,112738],{},[20,114514,114515,114516,503],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[224,114517,114518],{"href":98186},[15,114519,95894],{},[39,114521,114523],{"className":41,"code":114522,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114524,114525,114541,114559,114563,114573],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114526,114527,114529,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114528,3776],{"class":54},[48,114530,59],{"class":58},[48,114532,10203],{"class":84},[48,114534,94],{"class":62},[48,114536,57827],{"class":66},[48,114538,94],{"class":62},[48,114540,9021],{"class":84},[48,114542,114543,114545,114547,114549,114551,114553,114555,114557],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114544,3819],{"class":54},[48,114546,32],{"class":84},[48,114548,81790],{"class":87},[48,114550,91],{"class":84},[48,114552,94],{"class":62},[48,114554,607],{"class":66},[48,114556,94],{"class":62},[48,114558,102],{"class":84},[48,114560,114561],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114562,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114564,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114566,109],{"class":108},[48,114568,91],{"class":84},[48,114570,3819],{"class":87},[48,114572,102],{"class":84},[48,114574,114575],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114576,114577],{"class":129},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[34,114579,114581,1188,114583],{"id":114580},"update-vs-add",[15,114582,14669],{},[15,114584,95889],{},[20,114586,114587],{},"The difference is simple:",[162,114589,114590,114594],{},[165,114591,114592,96488],{},[15,114593,95889],{},[165,114595,114596,96493],{},[15,114597,14669],{},[20,114599,776,114600,503],{},[15,114601,95889],{},[39,114603,114605],{"className":41,"code":114604,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114606,114607,114623,114641,114645,114655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114608,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114610,35949],{"class":54},[48,114612,59],{"class":58},[48,114614,10203],{"class":84},[48,114616,94],{"class":62},[48,114618,3785],{"class":66},[48,114620,94],{"class":62},[48,114622,9021],{"class":84},[48,114624,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633,114635,114637,114639],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114626,36001],{"class":54},[48,114628,32],{"class":84},[48,114630,81790],{"class":87},[48,114632,91],{"class":84},[48,114634,94],{"class":62},[48,114636,198],{"class":66},[48,114638,94],{"class":62},[48,114640,102],{"class":84},[48,114642,114643],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114644,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114646,114647,114649,114651,114653],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114648,109],{"class":108},[48,114650,91],{"class":84},[48,114652,36001],{"class":87},[48,114654,102],{"class":84},[48,114656,114657],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114658,114659],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114661,776,114662,503],{},[15,114663,14669],{},[39,114665,114667],{"className":41,"code":114666,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114668,114669,114685,114711,114715,114725],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114670,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114672,35949],{"class":54},[48,114674,59],{"class":58},[48,114676,10203],{"class":84},[48,114678,94],{"class":62},[48,114680,3785],{"class":66},[48,114682,94],{"class":62},[48,114684,9021],{"class":84},[48,114686,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114688,36001],{"class":54},[48,114690,32],{"class":84},[48,114692,30175],{"class":87},[48,114694,2684],{"class":84},[48,114696,94],{"class":62},[48,114698,198],{"class":66},[48,114700,94],{"class":62},[48,114702,365],{"class":84},[48,114704,63],{"class":62},[48,114706,32933],{"class":66},[48,114708,94],{"class":62},[48,114710,3593],{"class":84},[48,114712,114713],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114714,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114716,114717,114719,114721,114723],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114718,109],{"class":108},[48,114720,91],{"class":84},[48,114722,36001],{"class":87},[48,114724,102],{"class":84},[48,114726,114727],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114728,114729],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114731,114732],{},"Important warning with strings:",[39,114734,114736],{"className":41,"code":114735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114737,114738,114754,114772,114776,114786],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114739,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114741,35949],{"class":54},[48,114743,59],{"class":58},[48,114745,10203],{"class":84},[48,114747,94],{"class":62},[48,114749,3785],{"class":66},[48,114751,94],{"class":62},[48,114753,9021],{"class":84},[48,114755,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114757,36001],{"class":54},[48,114759,32],{"class":84},[48,114761,30175],{"class":87},[48,114763,91],{"class":84},[48,114765,94],{"class":62},[48,114767,38050],{"class":66},[48,114769,94],{"class":62},[48,114771,102],{"class":84},[48,114773,114774],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114775,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114777,114778,114780,114782,114784],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114779,109],{"class":108},[48,114781,91],{"class":84},[48,114783,36001],{"class":87},[48,114785,102],{"class":84},[48,114787,114788],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114789,114790],{"class":129},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114792,61801,114793,61874,114796,1575],{},[15,114794,114795],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114797,95889],{},[34,114799,114801,1188,114803],{"id":114800},"update-vs-union",[15,114802,14669],{},[15,114804,102485],{},[20,114806,114807],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1200,114809,114810],{"id":30175},[15,114811,14669],{},[162,114813,114814,114817],{},[165,114815,114816],{},"Changes the existing set",[165,114818,1270,114819],{},[15,114820,3483],{},[39,114822,114824],{"className":41,"code":114823,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114825,114826,114842,114858,114862,114876,114886],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114827,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114829,2253],{"class":54},[48,114831,59],{"class":58},[48,114833,10203],{"class":84},[48,114835,272],{"class":488},[48,114837,365],{"class":84},[48,114839,489],{"class":488},[48,114841,9021],{"class":84},[48,114843,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114845,2281],{"class":54},[48,114847,59],{"class":58},[48,114849,10203],{"class":84},[48,114851,280],{"class":488},[48,114853,365],{"class":84},[48,114855,2152],{"class":488},[48,114857,9021],{"class":84},[48,114859,114860],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114861,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114865,224],{"class":54},[48,114867,32],{"class":84},[48,114869,30175],{"class":87},[48,114871,91],{"class":84},[48,114873,4466],{"class":87},[48,114875,102],{"class":84},[48,114877,114878,114880,114882,114884],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114879,109],{"class":108},[48,114881,91],{"class":84},[48,114883,224],{"class":87},[48,114885,102],{"class":84},[48,114887,114888],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,114889,114417],{"class":129},[1200,114891,114892],{"id":110955},[15,114893,102485],{},[162,114895,114896,114898],{},[165,114897,101023],{},[165,114899,101026],{},[39,114901,114903],{"className":41,"code":114902,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114904,114905,114921,114937,114941,114959,114969,114973,114983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,114906,114907,114909,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,114908,2253],{"class":54},[48,114910,59],{"class":58},[48,114912,10203],{"class":84},[48,114914,272],{"class":488},[48,114916,365],{"class":84},[48,114918,489],{"class":488},[48,114920,9021],{"class":84},[48,114922,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,114924,2281],{"class":54},[48,114926,59],{"class":58},[48,114928,10203],{"class":84},[48,114930,280],{"class":488},[48,114932,365],{"class":84},[48,114934,2152],{"class":488},[48,114936,9021],{"class":84},[48,114938,114939],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,114940,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,114944,82870],{"class":54},[48,114946,59],{"class":58},[48,114948,56587],{"class":54},[48,114950,32],{"class":84},[48,114952,110955],{"class":87},[48,114954,91],{"class":84},[48,114956,4466],{"class":87},[48,114958,102],{"class":84},[48,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,114962,109],{"class":108},[48,114964,91],{"class":84},[48,114966,632],{"class":87},[48,114968,102],{"class":84},[48,114970,114971],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,114972,114417],{"class":129},[48,114974,114975,114977,114979,114981],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,114976,109],{"class":108},[48,114978,91],{"class":84},[48,114980,224],{"class":87},[48,114982,102],{"class":84},[48,114984,114985],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,114986,114987],{"class":129},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114989,107371,114990,114992,114993,114997],{},[15,114991,14669],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[224,114994,114995],{"href":102482},[15,114996,102485],{}," when you want a new set.",[34,114999,115001],{"id":115000},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115003,10459,115004,32],{},[15,115005,97000],{},[1200,115007,115009],{"id":115008},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115011,115012],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[39,115014,115016],{"className":41,"code":115015,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115017,115018,115034,115056,115060,115070],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115019,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030,115032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115021,15344],{"class":54},[48,115023,59],{"class":58},[48,115025,10203],{"class":84},[48,115027,272],{"class":488},[48,115029,365],{"class":84},[48,115031,489],{"class":488},[48,115033,9021],{"class":84},[48,115035,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046,115048,115050,115052,115054],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115037,1929],{"class":54},[48,115039,59],{"class":58},[48,115041,96610],{"class":54},[48,115043,32],{"class":84},[48,115045,30175],{"class":87},[48,115047,2684],{"class":84},[48,115049,1764],{"class":488},[48,115051,365],{"class":84},[48,115053,878],{"class":488},[48,115055,3593],{"class":84},[48,115057,115058],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115059,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115061,115062,115064,115066,115068],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115063,109],{"class":108},[48,115065,91],{"class":84},[48,115067,1964],{"class":87},[48,115069,102],{"class":84},[48,115071,115072],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115073,61526],{"class":129},[20,115075,115076,115077,503],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115078,14669],{},[39,115080,115082],{"className":41,"code":115081,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115083,115084,115100,115118,115122,115132],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115085,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115087,15344],{"class":54},[48,115089,59],{"class":58},[48,115091,10203],{"class":84},[48,115093,272],{"class":488},[48,115095,365],{"class":84},[48,115097,489],{"class":488},[48,115099,9021],{"class":84},[48,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115103,15382],{"class":54},[48,115105,32],{"class":84},[48,115107,30175],{"class":87},[48,115109,2684],{"class":84},[48,115111,1764],{"class":488},[48,115113,365],{"class":84},[48,115115,878],{"class":488},[48,115117,3593],{"class":84},[48,115119,115120],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115121,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115123,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115125,109],{"class":108},[48,115127,91],{"class":84},[48,115129,15382],{"class":87},[48,115131,102],{"class":84},[48,115133,115134],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115135,113716],{"class":129},[1200,115137,115139],{"id":115138},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115141,2535],{},[39,115143,115145],{"className":41,"code":115144,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115146,115147,115163],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115148,115149,115151,115153,115155,115157,115159,115161],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115150,15344],{"class":54},[48,115152,59],{"class":58},[48,115154,10203],{"class":84},[48,115156,272],{"class":488},[48,115158,365],{"class":84},[48,115160,489],{"class":488},[48,115162,9021],{"class":84},[48,115164,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115166,15382],{"class":54},[48,115168,32],{"class":84},[48,115170,30175],{"class":87},[48,115172,91],{"class":84},[48,115174,1837],{"class":488},[48,115176,102],{"class":84},[20,115178,61980,115179,8311,115181,115183],{},[15,115180,2703],{},[15,115182,1837],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115185,6262],{},[39,115187,115189],{"className":41,"code":115188,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115190,115191,115207,115221,115225,115235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115192,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115194,15344],{"class":54},[48,115196,59],{"class":58},[48,115198,10203],{"class":84},[48,115200,272],{"class":488},[48,115202,365],{"class":84},[48,115204,489],{"class":488},[48,115206,9021],{"class":84},[48,115208,115209,115211,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115210,15382],{"class":54},[48,115212,32],{"class":84},[48,115214,30175],{"class":87},[48,115216,2684],{"class":84},[48,115218,1837],{"class":488},[48,115220,3593],{"class":84},[48,115222,115223],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115224,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115228,109],{"class":108},[48,115230,91],{"class":84},[48,115232,15382],{"class":87},[48,115234,102],{"class":84},[48,115236,115237],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115238,115239],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115241,45620,115242,32],{},[224,115243,1179,115244],{"href":52300},[15,115245,115246],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1200,115248,115250],{"id":115249},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115252,115253],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[39,115255,115257],{"className":41,"code":115256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115258,115259,115275,115301,115305,115315],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115260,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115262,15344],{"class":54},[48,115264,59],{"class":58},[48,115266,10203],{"class":84},[48,115268,272],{"class":488},[48,115270,365],{"class":84},[48,115272,489],{"class":488},[48,115274,9021],{"class":84},[48,115276,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291,115293,115295,115297,115299],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115278,15382],{"class":54},[48,115280,32],{"class":84},[48,115282,30175],{"class":87},[48,115284,2684],{"class":84},[48,115286,280],{"class":488},[48,115288,365],{"class":84},[48,115290,489],{"class":488},[48,115292,365],{"class":84},[48,115294,489],{"class":488},[48,115296,365],{"class":84},[48,115298,2152],{"class":488},[48,115300,3593],{"class":84},[48,115302,115303],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115304,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115306,115307,115309,115311,115313],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115308,109],{"class":108},[48,115310,91],{"class":84},[48,115312,15382],{"class":87},[48,115314,102],{"class":84},[48,115316,115317],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115318,114417],{"class":129},[1200,115320,115322,115323,44336,115325,115327],{"id":115321},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115324,14669],{},[15,115326,95889],{}," is better",[20,115329,115330,115331,115333],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115332,95889],{}," is usually the better choice.",[39,115335,115337],{"className":41,"code":115336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115338,115339,115355,115373,115377,115387],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115340,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115342,15344],{"class":54},[48,115344,59],{"class":58},[48,115346,10203],{"class":84},[48,115348,94],{"class":62},[48,115350,57827],{"class":66},[48,115352,94],{"class":62},[48,115354,9021],{"class":84},[48,115356,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115358,15382],{"class":54},[48,115360,32],{"class":84},[48,115362,81790],{"class":87},[48,115364,91],{"class":84},[48,115366,94],{"class":62},[48,115368,607],{"class":66},[48,115370,94],{"class":62},[48,115372,102],{"class":84},[48,115374,115375],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115376,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115378,115379,115381,115383,115385],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115380,109],{"class":108},[48,115382,91],{"class":84},[48,115384,15382],{"class":87},[48,115386,102],{"class":84},[48,115388,115389],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115390,114577],{"class":129},[34,115392,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,115394,12418,115396,96979],{"id":115395},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115397,97000],{},[20,115399,96982,115400,32],{},[15,115401,3483],{},[1200,115403,28044,115404,31938],{"id":31935},[15,115405,14669],{},[20,115407,115408],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1200,115410,1559,115412,500,115414,1564],{"id":115411},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115413,95889],{},[15,115415,14669],{},[20,115417,115418,115420,115421,115423],{},[15,115419,95889],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115422,14669],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1200,115425,115427],{"id":115426},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115429,115430,115431,114426],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115432,14669],{},[1200,115434,115436],{"id":115435},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115438,139,115439,10804,115441,32],{},[15,115440,102485],{},[15,115442,14669],{},[34,115444,1599],{"id":1598},[162,115446,115447,115454,115461,115467,115473],{},[165,115448,115449],{},[224,115450,115451],{"href":98186},[15,115452,115453],{},"Python set add() method",[165,115455,115456],{},[224,115457,115458],{"href":102482},[15,115459,115460],{},"Python set union() method",[165,115462,115463],{},[224,115464,115465],{"href":97569},[15,115466,97024],{},[165,115468,115469],{},[224,115470,115471],{"href":98763},[15,115472,100030],{},[165,115474,115475],{},[224,115476,115477,115479],{"href":52300},[15,115478,115246],{}," fix",[20,115481,115482,115483,115485,115486,115488],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115484,95894],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115487,107729],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1633,115490,115491],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":115493},[115494,115495,115497,115498,115499,115500,115501,115502,115504,115509,115516,115525],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":113724,"depth":73,"text":115496},"What set.update() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":21685,"depth":73,"text":21686},{"id":114110,"depth":73,"text":114111},{"id":114213,"depth":73,"text":114214},{"id":114420,"depth":73,"text":114421},{"id":114580,"depth":73,"text":115503},"update() vs add()",{"id":114800,"depth":73,"text":115505,"children":115506},"update() vs union()",[115507,115508],{"id":30175,"depth":105,"text":14669},{"id":110955,"depth":105,"text":102485},{"id":115000,"depth":73,"text":115001,"children":115510},[115511,115512,115513,115514],{"id":115008,"depth":105,"text":115009},{"id":115138,"depth":105,"text":115139},{"id":115249,"depth":105,"text":115250},{"id":115321,"depth":105,"text":115515},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":115517},[115518,115520,115521,115523,115524],{"id":115395,"depth":105,"text":115519},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31935,"depth":105,"text":32008},{"id":115411,"depth":105,"text":115522},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115426,"depth":105,"text":115427},{"id":115435,"depth":105,"text":115436},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113636,"description":115526},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115532,"title":115533,"body":115534,"description":117300,"extension":1666,"meta":117301,"navigation":122,"path":13504,"seo":117302,"stem":117303,"__hash__":117304},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115535,"toc":117275},[115536,115539,115542,115545,115556,115564,115567,115569,115718,115730,115734,115751,115755,115763,115765,115776,115778,115875,115881,115884,115980,115989,115994,115998,116003,116005,116015,116017,116126,116134,116138,116141,116144,116161,116167,116247,116250,116254,116257,116261,116264,116323,116326,116330,116333,116425,116429,116432,116539,116543,116549,116577,116579,116661,116671,116675,116678,116689,116692,116777,116780,116785,116789,116792,116803,116806,116948,116951,116955,116958,116972,116975,117036,117042,117044,117047,117069,117072,117172,117175,117207,117209,117213,117216,117218,117221,117225,117228,117232,117235,117239,117242,117244,117272],[10,115537,115533],{"id":115538},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115540,115541],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115543,115544],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[162,115546,115547,115550,115553],{},[165,115548,115549],{},"a list inside another list",[165,115551,115552],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[165,115554,115555],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115557,99952,115558,500,115560,115563],{},[565,115559,12564],{},[565,115561,115562],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115565,115566],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[34,115568,37],{"id":36},[39,115570,115572],{"className":41,"code":115571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115573,115574,115581,115585,115611,115631,115651,115655,115673,115677,115690,115704],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115575,115576,115578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115577,34802],{"class":1107},[48,115579,115580],{"class":54}," copy\n",[48,115582,115583],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115584,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115586,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115588,11799],{"class":54},[48,115590,59],{"class":58},[48,115592,55993],{"class":84},[48,115594,272],{"class":488},[48,115596,365],{"class":84},[48,115598,489],{"class":488},[48,115600,17780],{"class":84},[48,115602,3326],{"class":84},[48,115604,1764],{"class":488},[48,115606,365],{"class":84},[48,115608,878],{"class":488},[48,115610,52942],{"class":84},[48,115612,115613,115616,115618,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115614,115615],{"class":54},"shallow ",[48,115617,59],{"class":58},[48,115619,115620],{"class":54}," copy",[48,115622,32],{"class":84},[48,115624,12625],{"class":87},[48,115626,91],{"class":84},[48,115628,11846],{"class":87},[48,115630,102],{"class":84},[48,115632,115633,115636,115638,115640,115642,115645,115647,115649],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115634,115635],{"class":54},"deep ",[48,115637,59],{"class":58},[48,115639,115620],{"class":54},[48,115641,32],{"class":84},[48,115643,115644],{"class":87},"deepcopy",[48,115646,91],{"class":84},[48,115648,11846],{"class":87},[48,115650,102],{"class":84},[48,115652,115653],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,115654,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115656,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,115658,11846],{"class":54},[48,115660,3605],{"class":84},[48,115662,578],{"class":488},[48,115664,13264],{"class":84},[48,115666,13267],{"class":87},[48,115668,91],{"class":84},[48,115670,56046],{"class":488},[48,115672,102],{"class":84},[48,115674,115675],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,115676,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115678,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,115680,109],{"class":108},[48,115682,91],{"class":84},[48,115684,11846],{"class":87},[48,115686,3366],{"class":84},[48,115688,115689],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[48,115691,115692,115694,115696,115699,115701],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,115693,109],{"class":108},[48,115695,91],{"class":84},[48,115697,115698],{"class":87},"shallow",[48,115700,3366],{"class":84},[48,115702,115703],{"class":129},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[48,115705,115706,115708,115710,115713,115715],{"class":50,"line":11307},[48,115707,109],{"class":108},[48,115709,91],{"class":84},[48,115711,115712],{"class":87},"deep",[48,115714,3366],{"class":84},[48,115716,115717],{"class":129},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115719,139,115720,115723,115724,500,115726,115729],{},[15,115721,115722],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[565,115725,12564],{},[15,115727,115728],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[34,115731,115733],{"id":115732},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[162,115735,115736,115739,115742,115745,115748],{},[165,115737,115738],{},"What a copy means in Python",[165,115740,115741],{},"How shallow copy works",[165,115743,115744],{},"How deep copy works",[165,115746,115747],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[165,115749,115750],{},"When to use each approach",[34,115752,115754],{"id":115753},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115756,14904,115757,115759,115760,115762],{},[565,115758,12564],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[565,115761,1055],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115764,570],{},[162,115766,115767,115770,115773],{},[165,115768,115769],{},"the outer container is new",[165,115771,115772],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[165,115774,115775],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115777,182],{},[39,115779,115781],{"className":41,"code":115780,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115782,115783,115809,115823,115827,115845,115849,115862],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115784,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115786,11799],{"class":54},[48,115788,59],{"class":58},[48,115790,55993],{"class":84},[48,115792,272],{"class":488},[48,115794,365],{"class":84},[48,115796,489],{"class":488},[48,115798,17780],{"class":84},[48,115800,3326],{"class":84},[48,115802,1764],{"class":488},[48,115804,365],{"class":84},[48,115806,878],{"class":488},[48,115808,52942],{"class":84},[48,115810,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115812,14026],{"class":54},[48,115814,59],{"class":58},[48,115816,11874],{"class":54},[48,115818,32],{"class":84},[48,115820,12625],{"class":87},[48,115822,8353],{"class":84},[48,115824,115825],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115826,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115828,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841,115843],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115830,14045],{"class":54},[48,115832,32],{"class":84},[48,115834,13267],{"class":87},[48,115836,2684],{"class":84},[48,115838,1837],{"class":488},[48,115840,365],{"class":84},[48,115842,37354],{"class":488},[48,115844,3593],{"class":84},[48,115846,115847],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115848,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115850,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,115852,109],{"class":108},[48,115854,91],{"class":84},[48,115856,11846],{"class":87},[48,115858,3366],{"class":84},[48,115860,115861],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[48,115863,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,115865,109],{"class":108},[48,115867,91],{"class":84},[48,115869,14045],{"class":87},[48,115871,3366],{"class":84},[48,115873,115874],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115876,115877,115878,115880],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115879,14045],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115882,115883],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[39,115885,115887],{"className":41,"code":115886,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115888,115889,115915,115929,115933,115951,115955,115967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,115890,115891,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,115892,11799],{"class":54},[48,115894,59],{"class":58},[48,115896,55993],{"class":84},[48,115898,272],{"class":488},[48,115900,365],{"class":84},[48,115902,489],{"class":488},[48,115904,17780],{"class":84},[48,115906,3326],{"class":84},[48,115908,1764],{"class":488},[48,115910,365],{"class":84},[48,115912,878],{"class":488},[48,115914,52942],{"class":84},[48,115916,115917,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,115918,14026],{"class":54},[48,115920,59],{"class":58},[48,115922,11874],{"class":54},[48,115924,32],{"class":84},[48,115926,12625],{"class":87},[48,115928,8353],{"class":84},[48,115930,115931],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,115932,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115934,115935,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,115936,14045],{"class":54},[48,115938,3605],{"class":84},[48,115940,578],{"class":488},[48,115942,13264],{"class":84},[48,115944,13267],{"class":87},[48,115946,91],{"class":84},[48,115948,56046],{"class":488},[48,115950,102],{"class":84},[48,115952,115953],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,115954,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,115956,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,115958,109],{"class":108},[48,115960,91],{"class":84},[48,115962,11846],{"class":87},[48,115964,3366],{"class":84},[48,115966,115689],{"class":129},[48,115968,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,115970,109],{"class":108},[48,115972,91],{"class":84},[48,115974,14045],{"class":87},[48,115976,3366],{"class":84},[48,115978,115979],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115981,115982,115983,500,115985,115988],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115984,56150],{},[15,115986,115987],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115990,115991,115992,32],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[224,115993,43643],{"href":11778},[34,115995,115997],{"id":115996},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115999,14904,116000,116002],{},[565,116001,115562],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116004,570],{},[162,116006,116007,116009,116012],{},[165,116008,115769],{},[165,116010,116011],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[165,116013,116014],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116016,182],{},[39,116018,116020],{"className":41,"code":116019,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116021,116022,116028,116032,116058,116076,116080,116098,116102,116114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116023,116024,116026],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116025,34802],{"class":1107},[48,116027,115580],{"class":54},[48,116029,116030],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116031,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116033,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116035,11799],{"class":54},[48,116037,59],{"class":58},[48,116039,55993],{"class":84},[48,116041,272],{"class":488},[48,116043,365],{"class":84},[48,116045,489],{"class":488},[48,116047,17780],{"class":84},[48,116049,3326],{"class":84},[48,116051,1764],{"class":488},[48,116053,365],{"class":84},[48,116055,878],{"class":488},[48,116057,52942],{"class":84},[48,116059,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116061,14026],{"class":54},[48,116063,59],{"class":58},[48,116065,115620],{"class":54},[48,116067,32],{"class":84},[48,116069,115644],{"class":87},[48,116071,91],{"class":84},[48,116073,11846],{"class":87},[48,116075,102],{"class":84},[48,116077,116078],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116079,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116081,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116083,14045],{"class":54},[48,116085,3605],{"class":84},[48,116087,578],{"class":488},[48,116089,13264],{"class":84},[48,116091,13267],{"class":87},[48,116093,91],{"class":84},[48,116095,56046],{"class":488},[48,116097,102],{"class":84},[48,116099,116100],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116101,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116103,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,116105,109],{"class":108},[48,116107,91],{"class":84},[48,116109,11846],{"class":87},[48,116111,3366],{"class":84},[48,116113,115861],{"class":129},[48,116115,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,116117,109],{"class":108},[48,116119,91],{"class":84},[48,116121,14045],{"class":87},[48,116123,3366],{"class":84},[48,116125,115979],{"class":129},[20,116127,116128,116129,116131,116132,32],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116130,115987],{}," does not change ",[15,116133,56150],{},[34,116135,116137],{"id":116136},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116139,116140],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116142,116143],{},"Common reasons:",[162,116145,116146,116149,116152,116158],{},[165,116147,116148],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[165,116150,116151],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[165,116153,116154,116155,116157],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116156,59],{}," does not make a copy",[165,116159,116160],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116162,116163,116164,116166],{},"For example, this does ",[565,116165,1055],{}," create a copy:",[39,116168,116170],{"className":41,"code":116169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116171,116172,116192,116200,116204,116218,116222,116234],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116175,11799],{"class":54},[48,116177,59],{"class":58},[48,116179,3326],{"class":84},[48,116181,272],{"class":488},[48,116183,365],{"class":84},[48,116185,489],{"class":488},[48,116187,365],{"class":84},[48,116189,2152],{"class":488},[48,116191,3339],{"class":84},[48,116193,116194,116196,116198],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116195,14026],{"class":54},[48,116197,59],{"class":58},[48,116199,11837],{"class":54},[48,116201,116202],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116203,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116205,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116207,14045],{"class":54},[48,116209,32],{"class":84},[48,116211,13267],{"class":87},[48,116213,91],{"class":84},[48,116215,907],{"class":488},[48,116217,102],{"class":84},[48,116219,116220],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116221,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116223,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116225,109],{"class":108},[48,116227,91],{"class":84},[48,116229,11846],{"class":87},[48,116231,3366],{"class":84},[48,116233,55400],{"class":129},[48,116235,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116237,109],{"class":108},[48,116239,91],{"class":84},[48,116241,14045],{"class":87},[48,116243,3366],{"class":84},[48,116245,116246],{"class":129},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116248,116249],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[34,116251,116253],{"id":116252},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116255,116256],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1200,116258,116260],{"id":116259},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116262,116263],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[39,116265,116267],{"className":41,"code":116266,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116268,116269,116295,116303,116307],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116270,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116272,11799],{"class":54},[48,116274,59],{"class":58},[48,116276,55993],{"class":84},[48,116278,272],{"class":488},[48,116280,365],{"class":84},[48,116282,489],{"class":488},[48,116284,17780],{"class":84},[48,116286,3326],{"class":84},[48,116288,1764],{"class":488},[48,116290,365],{"class":84},[48,116292,878],{"class":488},[48,116294,52942],{"class":84},[48,116296,116297,116299,116301],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116298,13817],{"class":54},[48,116300,59],{"class":58},[48,116302,11837],{"class":54},[48,116304,116305],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116306,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116310,109],{"class":108},[48,116312,91],{"class":84},[48,116314,11799],{"class":87},[48,116316,11907],{"class":1107},[48,116318,13885],{"class":87},[48,116320,3366],{"class":84},[48,116322,3369],{"class":129},[20,116324,116325],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1200,116327,116329],{"id":116328},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116331,116332],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[39,116334,116336],{"className":41,"code":116335,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116337,116338,116364,116378,116382,116399],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116339,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116341,11799],{"class":54},[48,116343,59],{"class":58},[48,116345,55993],{"class":84},[48,116347,272],{"class":488},[48,116349,365],{"class":84},[48,116351,489],{"class":488},[48,116353,17780],{"class":84},[48,116355,3326],{"class":84},[48,116357,1764],{"class":488},[48,116359,365],{"class":84},[48,116361,878],{"class":488},[48,116363,52942],{"class":84},[48,116365,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116367,115615],{"class":54},[48,116369,59],{"class":58},[48,116371,11874],{"class":54},[48,116373,32],{"class":84},[48,116375,12625],{"class":87},[48,116377,8353],{"class":84},[48,116379,116380],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116381,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116383,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116395,116397],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116385,109],{"class":108},[48,116387,91],{"class":84},[48,116389,11799],{"class":87},[48,116391,11907],{"class":1107},[48,116393,116394],{"class":87}," shallow",[48,116396,3366],{"class":84},[48,116398,20916],{"class":129},[48,116400,116401,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116402,109],{"class":108},[48,116404,91],{"class":84},[48,116406,11846],{"class":87},[48,116408,3605],{"class":84},[48,116410,578],{"class":488},[48,116412,12987],{"class":84},[48,116414,7807],{"class":1107},[48,116416,116394],{"class":87},[48,116418,3605],{"class":84},[48,116420,578],{"class":488},[48,116422,20163],{"class":84},[48,116424,3369],{"class":129},[1200,116426,116428],{"id":116427},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116430,116431],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[39,116433,116435],{"className":41,"code":116434,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116436,116437,116443,116447,116473,116491,116495,116513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116438,116439,116441],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116440,34802],{"class":1107},[48,116442,115580],{"class":54},[48,116444,116445],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116446,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116450,11799],{"class":54},[48,116452,59],{"class":58},[48,116454,55993],{"class":84},[48,116456,272],{"class":488},[48,116458,365],{"class":84},[48,116460,489],{"class":488},[48,116462,17780],{"class":84},[48,116464,3326],{"class":84},[48,116466,1764],{"class":488},[48,116468,365],{"class":84},[48,116470,878],{"class":488},[48,116472,52942],{"class":84},[48,116474,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116476,115635],{"class":54},[48,116478,59],{"class":58},[48,116480,115620],{"class":54},[48,116482,32],{"class":84},[48,116484,115644],{"class":87},[48,116486,91],{"class":84},[48,116488,11846],{"class":87},[48,116490,102],{"class":84},[48,116492,116493],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116494,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116496,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116508,116510],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116498,109],{"class":108},[48,116500,91],{"class":84},[48,116502,11799],{"class":87},[48,116504,11907],{"class":1107},[48,116506,116507],{"class":87}," deep",[48,116509,3366],{"class":84},[48,116511,116512],{"class":129},"         # False\n",[48,116514,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116516,109],{"class":108},[48,116518,91],{"class":84},[48,116520,11846],{"class":87},[48,116522,3605],{"class":84},[48,116524,578],{"class":488},[48,116526,12987],{"class":84},[48,116528,7807],{"class":1107},[48,116530,116507],{"class":87},[48,116532,3605],{"class":84},[48,116534,578],{"class":488},[48,116536,20163],{"class":84},[48,116538,43579],{"class":129},[34,116540,116542],{"id":116541},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116544,116545,116546,503],{},"These all make ",[565,116547,116548],{},"shallow copies",[162,116550,116551,116555,116559,116564,116570],{},[165,116552,116553],{},[15,116554,55300],{},[165,116556,116557],{},[15,116558,12148],{},[165,116560,116561],{},[15,116562,116563],{},"set.copy()",[165,116565,116566,116567],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116568,116569],{},"my_list[:]",[165,116571,116572,116574,116575,34792],{},[15,116573,115722],{}," from the ",[15,116576,12625],{},[20,116578,1826],{},[39,116580,116582],{"className":41,"code":116581,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116583,116584,116604,116608,116622,116633,116637,116649],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116585,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116587,3321],{"class":54},[48,116589,59],{"class":58},[48,116591,3326],{"class":84},[48,116593,272],{"class":488},[48,116595,365],{"class":84},[48,116597,489],{"class":488},[48,116599,365],{"class":84},[48,116601,2152],{"class":488},[48,116603,3339],{"class":84},[48,116605,116606],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116607,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116609,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618,116620],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116611,2253],{"class":54},[48,116613,59],{"class":58},[48,116615,3969],{"class":54},[48,116617,32],{"class":84},[48,116619,12625],{"class":87},[48,116621,8353],{"class":84},[48,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116625,2281],{"class":54},[48,116627,59],{"class":58},[48,116629,3969],{"class":54},[48,116631,116632],{"class":84},"[:]\n",[48,116634,116635],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116636,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116638,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116640,109],{"class":108},[48,116642,91],{"class":84},[48,116644,224],{"class":87},[48,116646,3366],{"class":84},[48,116648,54631],{"class":129},[48,116650,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116652,109],{"class":108},[48,116654,91],{"class":84},[48,116656,4466],{"class":87},[48,116658,3366],{"class":84},[48,116660,54631],{"class":129},[20,116662,72826,116663,47240,116667,32],{},[224,116664,116665,754],{"href":54659},[15,116666,55300],{},[224,116668,116669,754],{"href":12145},[15,116670,12148],{},[34,116672,116674],{"id":116673},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116676,116677],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[162,116679,116680,116683,116686],{},[165,116681,116682],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[165,116684,116685],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[165,116687,116688],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116690,116691],{},"Example with a flat list:",[39,116693,116695],{"className":41,"code":116694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116696,116697,116717,116731,116735,116749,116753,116765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116698,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116700,11799],{"class":54},[48,116702,59],{"class":58},[48,116704,3326],{"class":84},[48,116706,272],{"class":488},[48,116708,365],{"class":84},[48,116710,489],{"class":488},[48,116712,365],{"class":84},[48,116714,2152],{"class":488},[48,116716,3339],{"class":84},[48,116718,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116720,14026],{"class":54},[48,116722,59],{"class":58},[48,116724,11874],{"class":54},[48,116726,32],{"class":84},[48,116728,12625],{"class":87},[48,116730,8353],{"class":84},[48,116732,116733],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116734,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116736,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116738,14045],{"class":54},[48,116740,32],{"class":84},[48,116742,13267],{"class":87},[48,116744,91],{"class":84},[48,116746,907],{"class":488},[48,116748,102],{"class":84},[48,116750,116751],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116752,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116754,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116756,109],{"class":108},[48,116758,91],{"class":84},[48,116760,11846],{"class":87},[48,116762,3366],{"class":84},[48,116764,54631],{"class":129},[48,116766,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116768,109],{"class":108},[48,116770,91],{"class":84},[48,116772,14045],{"class":87},[48,116774,3366],{"class":84},[48,116776,116246],{"class":129},[20,116778,116779],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116781,116782,116783,32],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[224,116784,14603],{"href":56919},[34,116786,116788],{"id":116787},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116790,116791],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[162,116793,116794,116797,116800],{},[165,116795,116796],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[165,116798,116799],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[165,116801,116802],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116804,116805],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[39,116807,116809],{"className":41,"code":116808,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116810,116811,116817,116821,116847,116861,116879,116883,116905,116909,116922,116935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116812,116813,116815],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116814,34802],{"class":1107},[48,116816,115580],{"class":54},[48,116818,116819],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116820,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116822,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116824,11799],{"class":54},[48,116826,59],{"class":58},[48,116828,10203],{"class":84},[48,116830,94],{"class":62},[48,116832,16105],{"class":66},[48,116834,94],{"class":62},[48,116836,503],{"class":84},[48,116838,3326],{"class":84},[48,116840,2031],{"class":488},[48,116842,365],{"class":84},[48,116844,7500],{"class":488},[48,116846,13420],{"class":84},[48,116848,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,116850,115615],{"class":54},[48,116852,59],{"class":58},[48,116854,11874],{"class":54},[48,116856,32],{"class":84},[48,116858,12625],{"class":87},[48,116860,8353],{"class":84},[48,116862,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,116864,115635],{"class":54},[48,116866,59],{"class":58},[48,116868,115620],{"class":54},[48,116870,32],{"class":84},[48,116872,115644],{"class":87},[48,116874,91],{"class":84},[48,116876,11846],{"class":87},[48,116878,102],{"class":84},[48,116880,116881],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,116882,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116884,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,116886,11846],{"class":54},[48,116888,3605],{"class":84},[48,116890,94],{"class":62},[48,116892,16105],{"class":66},[48,116894,94],{"class":62},[48,116896,13264],{"class":84},[48,116898,13267],{"class":87},[48,116900,91],{"class":84},[48,116902,36552],{"class":488},[48,116904,102],{"class":84},[48,116906,116907],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,116908,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,116912,109],{"class":108},[48,116914,91],{"class":84},[48,116916,11846],{"class":87},[48,116918,3366],{"class":84},[48,116920,116921],{"class":129},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[48,116923,116924,116926,116928,116930,116932],{"class":50,"line":6144},[48,116925,109],{"class":108},[48,116927,91],{"class":84},[48,116929,115698],{"class":87},[48,116931,3366],{"class":84},[48,116933,116934],{"class":129},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[48,116936,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945],{"class":50,"line":11307},[48,116938,109],{"class":108},[48,116940,91],{"class":84},[48,116942,115712],{"class":87},[48,116944,3366],{"class":84},[48,116946,116947],{"class":129},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116949,116950],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[34,116952,116954],{"id":116953},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116956,116957],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[162,116959,116960,116963,116966,116969],{},[165,116961,116962],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[165,116964,116965],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[165,116967,116968],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[165,116970,116971],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116973,116974],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[39,116976,116978],{"className":41,"code":116977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116979,116980,116988,116996,117000,117008,117012,117024],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,116981,116982,116984,116986],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,116983,2253],{"class":54},[48,116985,59],{"class":58},[48,116987,2286],{"class":488},[48,116989,116990,116992,116994],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,116991,2281],{"class":54},[48,116993,59],{"class":58},[48,116995,35885],{"class":54},[48,116997,116998],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,116999,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,117001,117002,117004,117006],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,117003,2281],{"class":54},[48,117005,59],{"class":58},[48,117007,14329],{"class":488},[48,117009,117010],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,117011,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,117013,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,117015,109],{"class":108},[48,117017,91],{"class":84},[48,117019,224],{"class":87},[48,117021,3366],{"class":84},[48,117023,26511],{"class":129},[48,117025,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,117027,109],{"class":108},[48,117029,91],{"class":84},[48,117031,4466],{"class":87},[48,117033,3366],{"class":84},[48,117035,27332],{"class":129},[20,117037,93194,117038,117041],{},[224,117039,117040],{"href":11778},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[34,117043,1366],{"id":1365},[20,117045,117046],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[162,117048,117049,117053,117058,117063,117066],{},[165,117050,758,117051,56483],{},[15,117052,59],{},[165,117054,758,117055,117057],{},[15,117056,55300],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[165,117059,758,117060,117062],{},[15,117061,12148],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[165,117064,117065],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[165,117067,117068],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117070,117071],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[39,117073,117075],{"className":41,"code":117074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117076,117077,117091,117105,117127,117158],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117080,109],{"class":108},[48,117082,91],{"class":84},[48,117084,11799],{"class":87},[48,117086,11907],{"class":1107},[48,117088,14099],{"class":87},[48,117090,102],{"class":84},[48,117092,117093,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117094,109],{"class":108},[48,117096,91],{"class":84},[48,117098,11799],{"class":87},[48,117100,4393],{"class":58},[48,117102,14099],{"class":87},[48,117104,102],{"class":84},[48,117106,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,117108,109],{"class":108},[48,117110,91],{"class":84},[48,117112,12363],{"class":108},[48,117114,91],{"class":84},[48,117116,11846],{"class":87},[48,117118,8945],{"class":84},[48,117120,14531],{"class":108},[48,117122,91],{"class":84},[48,117124,14045],{"class":87},[48,117126,1034],{"class":84},[48,117128,117129,117131,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117146,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,117130,109],{"class":108},[48,117132,91],{"class":84},[48,117134,12363],{"class":108},[48,117136,91],{"class":84},[48,117138,11846],{"class":87},[48,117140,3605],{"class":84},[48,117142,578],{"class":488},[48,117144,117145],{"class":84},"]),",[48,117147,14531],{"class":108},[48,117149,91],{"class":84},[48,117151,14045],{"class":87},[48,117153,3605],{"class":84},[48,117155,578],{"class":488},[48,117157,2697],{"class":84},[48,117159,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,117161,109],{"class":108},[48,117163,91],{"class":84},[48,117165,2921],{"class":1047},[48,117167,91],{"class":84},[48,117169,11846],{"class":87},[48,117171,1034],{"class":84},[20,117173,117174],{},"What they tell you:",[162,117176,117177,117182,117187,117192,117202],{},[165,117178,117179,117181],{},[15,117180,11907],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[165,117183,117184,117186],{},[15,117185,4393],{}," checks whether values are equal",[165,117188,117189,117191],{},[15,117190,43195],{}," shows the identity of an object",[165,117193,117194,117195,500,117198,117201],{},"comparing ",[15,117196,117197],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117199,117200],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[165,117203,117204,117206],{},[15,117205,2002],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[34,117208,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,117210,117212],{"id":117211},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117214,117215],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1200,117217,56969],{"id":56884},[20,117219,117220],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1200,117222,117224],{"id":117223},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117226,117227],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1200,117229,117231],{"id":117230},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117233,117234],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1200,117236,117238],{"id":117237},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117240,117241],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[34,117243,1599],{"id":1598},[162,117245,117246,117251,117257,117263,117267],{},[165,117247,117248],{},[224,117249,117250],{"href":11778},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[165,117252,117253],{},[224,117254,3277,117255,754],{"href":54659},[15,117256,55300],{},[165,117258,117259],{},[224,117260,3277,117261,754],{"href":12145},[15,117262,12148],{},[165,117264,117265],{},[224,117266,14680],{"href":56919},[165,117268,117269],{},[224,117270,117271],{"href":58194},"What is a list in Python?",[1633,117273,117274],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":117276},[117277,117278,117279,117280,117281,117282,117287,117288,117289,117290,117291,117292,117299],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":115732,"depth":73,"text":115733},{"id":115753,"depth":73,"text":115754},{"id":115996,"depth":73,"text":115997},{"id":116136,"depth":73,"text":116137},{"id":116252,"depth":73,"text":116253,"children":117283},[117284,117285,117286],{"id":116259,"depth":105,"text":116260},{"id":116328,"depth":105,"text":116329},{"id":116427,"depth":105,"text":116428},{"id":116541,"depth":73,"text":116542},{"id":116673,"depth":73,"text":116674},{"id":116787,"depth":73,"text":116788},{"id":116953,"depth":73,"text":116954},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":117293},[117294,117295,117296,117297,117298],{"id":117211,"depth":105,"text":117212},{"id":56884,"depth":105,"text":56969},{"id":117223,"depth":105,"text":117224},{"id":117230,"depth":105,"text":117231},{"id":117237,"depth":105,"text":117238},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115533,"description":117300},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117306,"title":117307,"body":117308,"description":119165,"extension":1666,"meta":119166,"navigation":122,"path":119167,"seo":119168,"stem":119169,"__hash__":119170},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117309,"toc":119123},[117310,117315,117320,117328,117330,117398,117403,117408,117423,117426,117428,117459,117461,117481,117484,117499,117501,117504,117577,117579,117624,117626,117637,117642,117646,117651,117654,117693,117695,117715,117718,117775,117777,117812,117815,117854,117856,117876,117879,117910,117912,117968,117970,117975,118046,118048,118081,118086,118091,118156,118158,118195,118198,118275,118277,118337,118344,118349,118352,118355,118436,118438,118479,118484,118487,118565,118567,118600,118609,118616,118619,118630,118633,118644,118648,118656,118665,118669,118674,118678,118683,118726,118729,118735,118738,118740,118787,118792,118796,118799,118848,118850,118871,118874,118876,118901,118904,119025,119030,119032,119037,119040,119045,119048,119056,119061,119068,119071,119079,119082,119084,119120],[10,117311,3277,117313,3281],{"id":117312},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117314,74110],{},[20,117316,117317,117319],{},[15,117318,74110],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117321,117322,117323,1888,117325,117327],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117324,77551],{},[15,117326,74110],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[34,117329,3311],{"id":3310},[39,117331,117333],{"className":41,"code":117332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117334,117335,117355,117369,117373,117385],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117336,117337,117339,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117338,3321],{"class":54},[48,117340,59],{"class":58},[48,117342,3326],{"class":84},[48,117344,1764],{"class":488},[48,117346,365],{"class":84},[48,117348,5204],{"class":488},[48,117350,365],{"class":84},[48,117352,489],{"class":488},[48,117354,3339],{"class":84},[48,117356,117357,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117358,1929],{"class":54},[48,117360,59],{"class":58},[48,117362,74244],{"class":108},[48,117364,91],{"class":84},[48,117366,3353],{"class":87},[48,117368,102],{"class":84},[48,117370,117371],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,117372,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,117374,117375,117377,117379,117381,117383],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,117376,109],{"class":108},[48,117378,91],{"class":84},[48,117380,1964],{"class":87},[48,117382,3366],{"class":84},[48,117384,55387],{"class":129},[48,117386,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,117388,109],{"class":108},[48,117390,91],{"class":84},[48,117392,3353],{"class":87},[48,117394,3366],{"class":84},[48,117396,117397],{"class":129},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117399,117400,117402],{},[15,117401,74110],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[34,117404,148,117406,152],{"id":117405},"what-sorted-does",[15,117407,74110],{},[162,117409,117410,117414,117417,117420],{},[165,117411,117412,62620],{},[15,117413,74110],{},[165,117415,117416],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[165,117418,117419],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[165,117421,117422],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117424,117425],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[34,117427,340],{"id":339},[39,117429,117431],{"className":41,"code":117430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117432,117433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117434,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117436,74200],{"class":108},[48,117438,91],{"class":84},[48,117440,3425],{"class":87},[48,117442,365],{"class":84},[48,117444,21295],{"class":8887},[48,117446,59],{"class":58},[48,117448,3483],{"class":3556},[48,117450,365],{"class":84},[48,117452,77754],{"class":8887},[48,117454,59],{"class":58},[48,117456,3379],{"class":3556},[48,117458,102],{"class":84},[1200,117460,17112],{"id":17111},[162,117462,117463,117468,117473],{},[165,117464,117465,117467],{},[15,117466,3425],{},": the values to sort",[165,117469,117470,117472],{},[15,117471,14556],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[165,117474,117475,117477,117478,117480],{},[15,117476,73263],{},": set to ",[15,117479,3306],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117482,117483],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[39,117485,117487],{"className":41,"code":117486,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117488,117489],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117490,117491,117493,117495,117497],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117492,74200],{"class":108},[48,117494,91],{"class":84},[48,117496,60006],{"class":87},[48,117498,102],{"class":84},[34,117500,11187],{"id":11186},[20,117502,117503],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[39,117505,117507],{"className":41,"code":117506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117508,117509,117533,117537,117552,117556,117567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117512,3321],{"class":54},[48,117514,59],{"class":58},[48,117516,3326],{"class":84},[48,117518,1837],{"class":488},[48,117520,365],{"class":84},[48,117522,489],{"class":488},[48,117524,365],{"class":84},[48,117526,6068],{"class":488},[48,117528,365],{"class":84},[48,117530,5204],{"class":488},[48,117532,3339],{"class":84},[48,117534,117535],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117536,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,117538,117539,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,117540,117541],{"class":54},"sorted_numbers ",[48,117543,59],{"class":58},[48,117545,74244],{"class":108},[48,117547,91],{"class":84},[48,117549,3353],{"class":87},[48,117551,102],{"class":84},[48,117553,117554],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,117555,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,117557,117558,117560,117562,117565],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,117559,109],{"class":108},[48,117561,91],{"class":84},[48,117563,117564],{"class":87},"sorted_numbers",[48,117566,102],{"class":84},[48,117568,117569,117571,117573,117575],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,117570,109],{"class":108},[48,117572,91],{"class":84},[48,117574,3353],{"class":87},[48,117576,102],{"class":84},[20,117578,1037],{},[39,117580,117582],{"className":41,"code":117581,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117583,117584,117604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117585,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117587,3605],{"class":84},[48,117589,272],{"class":488},[48,117591,365],{"class":84},[48,117593,489],{"class":488},[48,117595,365],{"class":84},[48,117597,549],{"class":488},[48,117599,365],{"class":84},[48,117601,6068],{"class":488},[48,117603,3339],{"class":84},[48,117605,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117607,3605],{"class":84},[48,117609,1837],{"class":488},[48,117611,365],{"class":84},[48,117613,489],{"class":488},[48,117615,365],{"class":84},[48,117617,6068],{"class":488},[48,117619,365],{"class":84},[48,117621,5204],{"class":488},[48,117623,3339],{"class":84},[20,117625,13477],{},[162,117627,117628,117633],{},[165,117629,117630,117632],{},[15,117631,117564],{}," is a new sorted list",[165,117634,117635,112169],{},[15,117636,3353],{},[20,117638,117639,117640,32],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[224,117641,78061],{"href":78060},[34,117643,117645],{"id":117644},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117647,117648,117650],{},[15,117649,74110],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1200,117652,117653],{"id":7804},"List",[39,117655,117657],{"className":41,"code":117656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117658,117659,117679],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117662,3321],{"class":54},[48,117664,59],{"class":58},[48,117666,3326],{"class":84},[48,117668,1764],{"class":488},[48,117670,365],{"class":84},[48,117672,5204],{"class":488},[48,117674,365],{"class":84},[48,117676,489],{"class":488},[48,117678,3339],{"class":84},[48,117680,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117682,109],{"class":108},[48,117684,91],{"class":84},[48,117686,74200],{"class":108},[48,117688,91],{"class":84},[48,117690,3353],{"class":87},[48,117692,1034],{"class":84},[20,117694,1037],{},[39,117696,117697],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,117698,117699],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117700,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117702,3605],{"class":84},[48,117704,272],{"class":488},[48,117706,365],{"class":84},[48,117708,489],{"class":488},[48,117710,365],{"class":84},[48,117712,2152],{"class":488},[48,117714,3339],{"class":84},[1200,117716,117717],{"id":48660},"Tuple",[39,117719,117721],{"className":41,"code":117720,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117722,117723,117743,117757],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117724,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117726,3528],{"class":54},[48,117728,59],{"class":58},[48,117730,8948],{"class":84},[48,117732,1764],{"class":488},[48,117734,365],{"class":84},[48,117736,5204],{"class":488},[48,117738,365],{"class":84},[48,117740,489],{"class":488},[48,117742,102],{"class":84},[48,117744,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117746,109],{"class":108},[48,117748,91],{"class":84},[48,117750,74200],{"class":108},[48,117752,91],{"class":84},[48,117754,5065],{"class":87},[48,117756,1034],{"class":84},[48,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,117760,109],{"class":108},[48,117762,91],{"class":84},[48,117764,2921],{"class":1047},[48,117766,91],{"class":84},[48,117768,74200],{"class":108},[48,117770,91],{"class":84},[48,117772,5065],{"class":87},[48,117774,2610],{"class":84},[20,117776,1037],{},[39,117778,117780],{"className":41,"code":117779,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117781,117782,117798],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117783,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117785,3605],{"class":84},[48,117787,272],{"class":488},[48,117789,365],{"class":84},[48,117791,489],{"class":488},[48,117793,365],{"class":84},[48,117795,2152],{"class":488},[48,117797,3339],{"class":84},[48,117799,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117801,2990],{"class":58},[48,117803,2993],{"class":1767},[48,117805,2996],{"class":62},[48,117807,7804],{"class":66},[48,117809,3001],{"class":62},[48,117811,3004],{"class":58},[1200,117813,117814],{"id":5995},"Set",[39,117816,117818],{"className":41,"code":117817,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117819,117820,117840],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117821,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117823,3528],{"class":54},[48,117825,59],{"class":58},[48,117827,10203],{"class":84},[48,117829,1764],{"class":488},[48,117831,365],{"class":84},[48,117833,5204],{"class":488},[48,117835,365],{"class":84},[48,117837,489],{"class":488},[48,117839,9021],{"class":84},[48,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117843,109],{"class":108},[48,117845,91],{"class":84},[48,117847,74200],{"class":108},[48,117849,91],{"class":84},[48,117851,5065],{"class":87},[48,117853,1034],{"class":84},[20,117855,1037],{},[39,117857,117858],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,117859,117860],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117861,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117863,3605],{"class":84},[48,117865,272],{"class":488},[48,117867,365],{"class":84},[48,117869,489],{"class":488},[48,117871,365],{"class":84},[48,117873,2152],{"class":488},[48,117875,3339],{"class":84},[1200,117877,117878],{"id":353},"String",[39,117880,117882],{"className":41,"code":117881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117883,117884,117896],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117885,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117887,55],{"class":54},[48,117889,59],{"class":58},[48,117891,63],{"class":62},[48,117893,43],{"class":66},[48,117895,70],{"class":62},[48,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,117899,109],{"class":108},[48,117901,91],{"class":84},[48,117903,74200],{"class":108},[48,117905,91],{"class":84},[48,117907,213],{"class":87},[48,117909,1034],{"class":84},[20,117911,1037],{},[39,117913,117914],{"className":41,"code":79078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,117915,117916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117919,3605],{"class":84},[48,117921,3001],{"class":62},[48,117923,60136],{"class":66},[48,117925,3001],{"class":62},[48,117927,365],{"class":84},[48,117929,2996],{"class":62},[48,117931,954],{"class":66},[48,117933,3001],{"class":62},[48,117935,365],{"class":84},[48,117937,2996],{"class":62},[48,117939,60170],{"class":66},[48,117941,3001],{"class":62},[48,117943,365],{"class":84},[48,117945,2996],{"class":62},[48,117947,20],{"class":66},[48,117949,3001],{"class":62},[48,117951,365],{"class":84},[48,117953,2996],{"class":62},[48,117955,436],{"class":66},[48,117957,3001],{"class":62},[48,117959,365],{"class":84},[48,117961,2996],{"class":62},[48,117963,11458],{"class":66},[48,117965,3001],{"class":62},[48,117967,3339],{"class":84},[1200,117969,28938],{"id":15320},[20,117971,63233,117972,117974],{},[15,117973,74110],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[39,117976,117978],{"className":41,"code":117977,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117979,117980,118032],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,117981,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,117983,12918],{"class":54},[48,117985,59],{"class":58},[48,117987,10203],{"class":84},[48,117989,94],{"class":62},[48,117991,7377],{"class":66},[48,117993,94],{"class":62},[48,117995,503],{"class":84},[48,117997,63],{"class":62},[48,117999,12594],{"class":66},[48,118001,94],{"class":62},[48,118003,365],{"class":84},[48,118005,63],{"class":62},[48,118007,9011],{"class":66},[48,118009,94],{"class":62},[48,118011,503],{"class":84},[48,118013,7500],{"class":488},[48,118015,365],{"class":84},[48,118017,63],{"class":62},[48,118019,10121],{"class":66},[48,118021,94],{"class":62},[48,118023,503],{"class":84},[48,118025,63],{"class":62},[48,118027,15747],{"class":66},[48,118029,94],{"class":62},[48,118031,9021],{"class":84},[48,118033,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118035,109],{"class":108},[48,118037,91],{"class":84},[48,118039,74200],{"class":108},[48,118041,91],{"class":84},[48,118043,17024],{"class":87},[48,118045,1034],{"class":84},[20,118047,1037],{},[39,118049,118051],{"className":41,"code":118050,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118052,118053],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118054,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118056,3605],{"class":84},[48,118058,3001],{"class":62},[48,118060,9011],{"class":66},[48,118062,3001],{"class":62},[48,118064,365],{"class":84},[48,118066,2996],{"class":62},[48,118068,10121],{"class":66},[48,118070,3001],{"class":62},[48,118072,365],{"class":84},[48,118074,2996],{"class":62},[48,118076,7377],{"class":66},[48,118078,3001],{"class":62},[48,118080,3339],{"class":84},[34,118082,758,118084],{"id":118083},"using-reversetrue",[15,118085,77775],{},[20,118087,139,118088,118090],{},[15,118089,77775],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[39,118092,118094],{"className":41,"code":118093,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118095,118096,118116,118120,118134],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118097,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118099,3321],{"class":54},[48,118101,59],{"class":58},[48,118103,3326],{"class":84},[48,118105,1764],{"class":488},[48,118107,365],{"class":84},[48,118109,5204],{"class":488},[48,118111,365],{"class":84},[48,118113,489],{"class":488},[48,118115,3339],{"class":84},[48,118117,118118],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118119,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,118121,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118123,109],{"class":108},[48,118125,91],{"class":84},[48,118127,74200],{"class":108},[48,118129,91],{"class":84},[48,118131,3353],{"class":87},[48,118133,1034],{"class":84},[48,118135,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118137,109],{"class":108},[48,118139,91],{"class":84},[48,118141,74200],{"class":108},[48,118143,91],{"class":84},[48,118145,3353],{"class":87},[48,118147,365],{"class":84},[48,118149,77754],{"class":8887},[48,118151,59],{"class":58},[48,118153,3306],{"class":3556},[48,118155,1034],{"class":84},[20,118157,1037],{},[39,118159,118161],{"className":41,"code":118160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118162,118163,118179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118164,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118166,3605],{"class":84},[48,118168,272],{"class":488},[48,118170,365],{"class":84},[48,118172,489],{"class":488},[48,118174,365],{"class":84},[48,118176,2152],{"class":488},[48,118178,3339],{"class":84},[48,118180,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118182,3605],{"class":84},[48,118184,1764],{"class":488},[48,118186,365],{"class":84},[48,118188,489],{"class":488},[48,118190,365],{"class":84},[48,118192,5204],{"class":488},[48,118194,3339],{"class":84},[20,118196,118197],{},"This also works with strings:",[39,118199,118201],{"className":41,"code":118200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118202,118203,118235,118239,118253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118204,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118206,3776],{"class":54},[48,118208,59],{"class":58},[48,118210,3326],{"class":84},[48,118212,94],{"class":62},[48,118214,3785],{"class":66},[48,118216,94],{"class":62},[48,118218,365],{"class":84},[48,118220,63],{"class":62},[48,118222,198],{"class":66},[48,118224,94],{"class":62},[48,118226,365],{"class":84},[48,118228,63],{"class":62},[48,118230,3802],{"class":66},[48,118232,94],{"class":62},[48,118234,3339],{"class":84},[48,118236,118237],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118238,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,118240,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118242,109],{"class":108},[48,118244,91],{"class":84},[48,118246,74200],{"class":108},[48,118248,91],{"class":84},[48,118250,3819],{"class":87},[48,118252,1034],{"class":84},[48,118254,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118256,109],{"class":108},[48,118258,91],{"class":84},[48,118260,74200],{"class":108},[48,118262,91],{"class":84},[48,118264,3819],{"class":87},[48,118266,365],{"class":84},[48,118268,77754],{"class":8887},[48,118270,59],{"class":58},[48,118272,3306],{"class":3556},[48,118274,1034],{"class":84},[20,118276,1037],{},[39,118278,118279],{"className":41,"code":73844,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,118280,118281,118309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118282,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118284,3605],{"class":84},[48,118286,3001],{"class":62},[48,118288,3785],{"class":66},[48,118290,3001],{"class":62},[48,118292,365],{"class":84},[48,118294,2996],{"class":62},[48,118296,198],{"class":66},[48,118298,3001],{"class":62},[48,118300,365],{"class":84},[48,118302,2996],{"class":62},[48,118304,3802],{"class":66},[48,118306,3001],{"class":62},[48,118308,3339],{"class":84},[48,118310,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118312,3605],{"class":84},[48,118314,3001],{"class":62},[48,118316,3802],{"class":66},[48,118318,3001],{"class":62},[48,118320,365],{"class":84},[48,118322,2996],{"class":62},[48,118324,198],{"class":66},[48,118326,3001],{"class":62},[48,118328,365],{"class":84},[48,118330,2996],{"class":62},[48,118332,3785],{"class":66},[48,118334,3001],{"class":62},[48,118336,3339],{"class":84},[34,118338,758,118340,118343],{"id":118339},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118341,118342],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118345,765,118346,118348],{},[15,118347,118342],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118350,118351],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118353,118354],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[39,118356,118358],{"className":41,"code":118357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118359,118360,118400,118404,118426],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118361,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118363,3776],{"class":54},[48,118365,59],{"class":58},[48,118367,3326],{"class":84},[48,118369,94],{"class":62},[48,118371,78428],{"class":66},[48,118373,94],{"class":62},[48,118375,365],{"class":84},[48,118377,63],{"class":62},[48,118379,38067],{"class":66},[48,118381,94],{"class":62},[48,118383,365],{"class":84},[48,118385,63],{"class":62},[48,118387,198],{"class":66},[48,118389,94],{"class":62},[48,118391,365],{"class":84},[48,118393,63],{"class":62},[48,118395,38050],{"class":66},[48,118397,94],{"class":62},[48,118399,3339],{"class":84},[48,118401,118402],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118403,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,118405,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118407,1929],{"class":54},[48,118409,59],{"class":58},[48,118411,74244],{"class":108},[48,118413,91],{"class":84},[48,118415,3819],{"class":87},[48,118417,365],{"class":84},[48,118419,21295],{"class":8887},[48,118421,59],{"class":58},[48,118423,10874],{"class":108},[48,118425,102],{"class":84},[48,118427,118428,118430,118432,118434],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118429,109],{"class":108},[48,118431,91],{"class":84},[48,118433,1964],{"class":87},[48,118435,102],{"class":84},[20,118437,1037],{},[39,118439,118441],{"className":41,"code":118440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118442,118443],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118446,3605],{"class":84},[48,118448,3001],{"class":62},[48,118450,38067],{"class":66},[48,118452,3001],{"class":62},[48,118454,365],{"class":84},[48,118456,2996],{"class":62},[48,118458,78428],{"class":66},[48,118460,3001],{"class":62},[48,118462,365],{"class":84},[48,118464,2996],{"class":62},[48,118466,38050],{"class":66},[48,118468,3001],{"class":62},[48,118470,365],{"class":84},[48,118472,2996],{"class":62},[48,118474,198],{"class":66},[48,118476,3001],{"class":62},[48,118478,3339],{"class":84},[20,118480,20487,118481,118483],{},[15,118482,10874],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118485,118486],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[39,118488,118490],{"className":41,"code":118489,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118491,118492,118525,118529,118555],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118493,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516,118518,118521,118523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118495,3776],{"class":54},[48,118497,59],{"class":58},[48,118499,3326],{"class":84},[48,118501,94],{"class":62},[48,118503,83047],{"class":66},[48,118505,94],{"class":62},[48,118507,365],{"class":84},[48,118509,63],{"class":62},[48,118511,3785],{"class":66},[48,118513,94],{"class":62},[48,118515,365],{"class":84},[48,118517,63],{"class":62},[48,118519,118520],{"class":66},"Cherry",[48,118522,94],{"class":62},[48,118524,3339],{"class":84},[48,118526,118527],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118528,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,118530,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118532,1929],{"class":54},[48,118534,59],{"class":58},[48,118536,74244],{"class":108},[48,118538,91],{"class":84},[48,118540,3819],{"class":87},[48,118542,365],{"class":84},[48,118544,21295],{"class":8887},[48,118546,59],{"class":58},[48,118548,3144],{"class":1047},[48,118550,32],{"class":84},[48,118552,8350],{"class":24466},[48,118554,102],{"class":84},[48,118556,118557,118559,118561,118563],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118558,109],{"class":108},[48,118560,91],{"class":84},[48,118562,1964],{"class":87},[48,118564,102],{"class":84},[20,118566,1037],{},[39,118568,118570],{"className":41,"code":118569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118571,118572],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118573,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118575,3605],{"class":84},[48,118577,3001],{"class":62},[48,118579,3785],{"class":66},[48,118581,3001],{"class":62},[48,118583,365],{"class":84},[48,118585,2996],{"class":62},[48,118587,83047],{"class":66},[48,118589,3001],{"class":62},[48,118591,365],{"class":84},[48,118593,2996],{"class":62},[48,118595,118520],{"class":66},[48,118597,3001],{"class":62},[48,118599,3339],{"class":84},[20,118601,118602,118603,35041,118605,32],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118604,42068],{},[224,118606,3277,118607,3210],{"href":42065},[15,118608,42068],{},[34,118610,118612,1188,118614],{"id":118611},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118613,74110],{},[15,118615,77551],{},[20,118617,118618],{},"The main difference is this:",[162,118620,118621,118626],{},[165,118622,118623,118625],{},[15,118624,74110],{}," returns a new list",[165,118627,118628,73648],{},[15,118629,77551],{},[20,118631,118632],{},"Also:",[162,118634,118635,118640],{},[165,118636,118637,118639],{},[15,118638,74110],{}," works with many iterables",[165,118641,118642,78984],{},[15,118643,77551],{},[20,118645,139,118646,10313],{},[15,118647,74110],{},[162,118649,118650,118653],{},[165,118651,118652],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[165,118654,118655],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118657,118658,118659,32],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[224,118660,3277,118661,1188,118663,5490],{"href":78809},[15,118662,74110],{},[15,118664,77551],{},[34,118666,118668],{"id":118667},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118670,118671,118672,32],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118673,74110],{},[1200,118675,118677],{"id":118676},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118679,118680,118681,503],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118682,2703],{},[39,118684,118686],{"className":41,"code":118685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118687,118688,118712],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118689,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118691,3528],{"class":54},[48,118693,59],{"class":58},[48,118695,3326],{"class":84},[48,118697,272],{"class":488},[48,118699,365],{"class":84},[48,118701,63],{"class":62},[48,118703,280],{"class":66},[48,118705,94],{"class":62},[48,118707,365],{"class":84},[48,118709,2152],{"class":488},[48,118711,3339],{"class":84},[48,118713,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118715,109],{"class":108},[48,118717,91],{"class":84},[48,118719,74200],{"class":108},[48,118721,91],{"class":84},[48,118723,5065],{"class":87},[48,118725,1034],{"class":84},[20,118727,118728],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1200,118730,118732,118733,2003],{"id":118731},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118734,14556],{},[20,118736,118737],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118739,182],{},[39,118741,118743],{"className":41,"code":118742,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118744,118745,118765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118746,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118748,3321],{"class":54},[48,118750,59],{"class":58},[48,118752,3326],{"class":84},[48,118754,2031],{"class":488},[48,118756,365],{"class":84},[48,118758,489],{"class":488},[48,118760,365],{"class":84},[48,118762,7505],{"class":488},[48,118764,3339],{"class":84},[48,118766,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118768,109],{"class":108},[48,118770,91],{"class":84},[48,118772,74200],{"class":108},[48,118774,91],{"class":84},[48,118776,3353],{"class":87},[48,118778,365],{"class":84},[48,118780,21295],{"class":8887},[48,118782,59],{"class":58},[48,118784,10874],{"class":108},[48,118786,1034],{"class":84},[20,118788,48217,118789,118791],{},[15,118790,42068],{}," does not work on integers.",[1200,118793,118795],{"id":118794},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118797,118798],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[39,118800,118802],{"className":41,"code":118801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118803,118804,118824,118834,118838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118807,3321],{"class":54},[48,118809,59],{"class":58},[48,118811,3326],{"class":84},[48,118813,1764],{"class":488},[48,118815,365],{"class":84},[48,118817,5204],{"class":488},[48,118819,365],{"class":84},[48,118821,489],{"class":488},[48,118823,3339],{"class":84},[48,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118827,74200],{"class":108},[48,118829,91],{"class":84},[48,118831,3353],{"class":87},[48,118833,102],{"class":84},[48,118835,118836],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118837,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,118839,118840,118842,118844,118846],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118841,109],{"class":108},[48,118843,91],{"class":84},[48,118845,3353],{"class":87},[48,118847,102],{"class":84},[20,118849,1037],{},[39,118851,118853],{"className":41,"code":118852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118854,118855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118856,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118858,3605],{"class":84},[48,118860,1764],{"class":488},[48,118862,365],{"class":84},[48,118864,5204],{"class":488},[48,118866,365],{"class":84},[48,118868,489],{"class":488},[48,118870,3339],{"class":84},[20,118872,118873],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[34,118875,1366],{"id":1365},[162,118877,118878,118882,118885,118890,118894],{},[165,118879,1398,118880,73648],{},[15,118881,74110],{},[165,118883,118884],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[165,118886,4409,118887,118889],{},[15,118888,74110],{}," always returns a list",[165,118891,758,118892,22819],{},[15,118893,118342],{},[165,118895,29365,118896,118898,118899],{},[15,118897,64005],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118900,74110],{},[20,118902,118903],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[39,118905,118907],{"className":41,"code":118906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118908,118909,118931,118957,118995],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,118910,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,118912,109],{"class":108},[48,118914,91],{"class":84},[48,118916,74200],{"class":108},[48,118918,2684],{"class":84},[48,118920,1764],{"class":488},[48,118922,365],{"class":84},[48,118924,5204],{"class":488},[48,118926,365],{"class":84},[48,118928,489],{"class":488},[48,118930,2697],{"class":84},[48,118932,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,118934,109],{"class":108},[48,118936,91],{"class":84},[48,118938,2921],{"class":1047},[48,118940,91],{"class":84},[48,118942,74200],{"class":108},[48,118944,5217],{"class":84},[48,118946,1764],{"class":488},[48,118948,365],{"class":84},[48,118950,5204],{"class":488},[48,118952,365],{"class":84},[48,118954,489],{"class":488},[48,118956,93050],{"class":84},[48,118958,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,118960,109],{"class":108},[48,118962,91],{"class":84},[48,118964,74200],{"class":108},[48,118966,2684],{"class":84},[48,118968,3001],{"class":62},[48,118970,83047],{"class":66},[48,118972,3001],{"class":62},[48,118974,365],{"class":84},[48,118976,2996],{"class":62},[48,118978,3785],{"class":66},[48,118980,3001],{"class":62},[48,118982,17780],{"class":84},[48,118984,21295],{"class":8887},[48,118986,59],{"class":58},[48,118988,3144],{"class":1047},[48,118990,32],{"class":84},[48,118992,8350],{"class":24466},[48,118994,1034],{"class":84},[48,118996,118997,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,118998,109],{"class":108},[48,119000,91],{"class":84},[48,119002,74200],{"class":108},[48,119004,2684],{"class":84},[48,119006,1764],{"class":488},[48,119008,365],{"class":84},[48,119010,5204],{"class":488},[48,119012,365],{"class":84},[48,119014,489],{"class":488},[48,119016,17780],{"class":84},[48,119018,77754],{"class":8887},[48,119020,59],{"class":58},[48,119022,3306],{"class":3556},[48,119024,1034],{"class":84},[20,119026,119027,119028,32],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[224,119029,52471],{"href":50684},[34,119031,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,119033,12418,119035,56863],{"id":119034},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119036,74110],{},[20,119038,119039],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1200,119041,4849,119043,1543],{"id":119042},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119044,74110],{},[20,119046,119047],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1200,119049,119051,119052,10804,119054,1564],{"id":119050},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119053,74110],{},[15,119055,77551],{},[20,119057,139,119058,119060],{},[15,119059,74110],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1200,119062,4849,119064,86135,119066,1564],{"id":119063},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119065,118342],{},[15,119067,74110],{},[20,119069,119070],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1200,119072,4865,119074,119076,119077,1564],{"id":119073},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119075,74110],{}," give a ",[15,119078,2703],{},[20,119080,119081],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[34,119083,1599],{"id":1598},[162,119085,119086,119090,119098,119102,119108,119114],{},[165,119087,119088],{},[224,119089,79557],{"href":78060},[165,119091,119092],{},[224,119093,3277,119094,1188,119096,5490],{"href":78809},[15,119095,74110],{},[15,119097,77551],{},[165,119099,119100],{},[224,119101,52471],{"href":50684},[165,119103,119104],{},[224,119105,3277,119106,3210],{"href":42065},[15,119107,42068],{},[165,119109,119110],{},[224,119111,3277,119112,3210],{"href":91706},[15,119113,35461],{},[165,119115,119116],{},[224,119117,3277,119118,3210],{"href":35905},[15,119119,35908],{},[1633,119121,119122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":119124},[119125,119126,119128,119131,119132,119139,119141,119143,119145,119151,119152,119164],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":117405,"depth":73,"text":119127},"What sorted() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":119129},[119130],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":117644,"depth":73,"text":117645,"children":119133},[119134,119135,119136,119137,119138],{"id":7804,"depth":105,"text":117653},{"id":48660,"depth":105,"text":117717},{"id":5995,"depth":105,"text":117814},{"id":353,"depth":105,"text":117878},{"id":15320,"depth":105,"text":28938},{"id":118083,"depth":73,"text":119140},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118339,"depth":73,"text":119142},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118611,"depth":73,"text":119144},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118667,"depth":73,"text":118668,"children":119146},[119147,119148,119150],{"id":118676,"depth":105,"text":118677},{"id":118731,"depth":105,"text":119149},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118794,"depth":105,"text":118795},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":119153},[119154,119156,119158,119160,119162],{"id":119034,"depth":105,"text":119155},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119042,"depth":105,"text":119157},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119050,"depth":105,"text":119159},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119063,"depth":105,"text":119161},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119073,"depth":105,"text":119163},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117307,"description":119165},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119172,"title":119173,"body":119174,"description":121285,"extension":1666,"meta":121286,"navigation":122,"path":78809,"seo":121287,"stem":121288,"__hash__":121289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119175,"toc":121232},[119176,119183,119186,119196,119202,119205,119223,119231,119233,119292,119300,119304,119326,119330,119334,119336,119353,119355,119367,119373,119457,119461,119508,119514,119521,119525,119530,119532,119544,119549,119602,119606,119626,119633,119640,119644,119647,119666,119670,119784,119788,119858,119860,119872,119877,119881,119894,119898,119973,119977,120016,120023,120029,120034,120038,120052,120056,120121,120125,120158,120161,120166,120174,120181,120194,120197,120201,120284,120288,120325,120329,120432,120436,120497,120502,120509,120513,120516,120522,120525,120592,120596,120620,120622,120640,120647,120700,120704,120724,120730,120732,120789,120796,120822,120827,120832,120840,120846,120906,120910,120957,120960,120962,120965,120991,120994,121087,121089,121109,121113,121116,121134,121140,121142,121150,121155,121162,121165,121171,121174,121180,121188,121196,121201,121203,121229],[10,119177,3277,119179,1188,119181,92764],{"id":119178},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119180,74110],{},[15,119182,77551],{},[20,119184,119185],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[162,119187,119188,119192],{},[165,119189,119190],{},[15,119191,74110],{},[165,119193,119194],{},[15,119195,77551],{},[20,119197,119198,119199,119201],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[565,119200,1055],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119203,119204],{},"The main difference is simple:",[162,119206,119207,119215],{},[165,119208,139,119209,119211,119212],{},[15,119210,74110],{}," when you want a ",[565,119213,119214],{},"new sorted result",[165,119216,139,119217,119219,119220],{},[15,119218,77551],{}," when you want to ",[565,119221,119222],{},"change the original list",[20,119224,119225,119226,1572,119228,119230],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119227,77551],{},[15,119229,3483],{}," and causes confusion.",[34,119232,3311],{"id":3310},[39,119234,119236],{"className":41,"code":119235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119237,119238,119258,119262,119279],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119241,3321],{"class":54},[48,119243,59],{"class":58},[48,119245,3326],{"class":84},[48,119247,1764],{"class":488},[48,119249,365],{"class":84},[48,119251,5204],{"class":488},[48,119253,365],{"class":84},[48,119255,489],{"class":488},[48,119257,3339],{"class":84},[48,119259,119260],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119261,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119263,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119265,55589],{"class":54},[48,119267,59],{"class":58},[48,119269,74244],{"class":108},[48,119271,91],{"class":84},[48,119273,3353],{"class":87},[48,119275,3366],{"class":84},[48,119277,119278],{"class":129},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[48,119280,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,119282,3353],{"class":54},[48,119284,32],{"class":84},[48,119286,34511],{"class":87},[48,119288,7074],{"class":84},[48,119290,119291],{"class":129},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119293,139,119294,119296,119297,119299],{},[15,119295,74110],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119298,77551],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[34,119301,119303],{"id":119302},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[162,119305,119306,119311,119316,119323],{},[165,119307,139,119308,119310],{},[15,119309,74110],{}," to get a new sorted list",[165,119312,139,119313,119315],{},[15,119314,77551],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[165,119317,119318,119319,1572,119321],{},"Understand why ",[15,119320,77551],{},[15,119322,3483],{},[165,119324,119325],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[34,119327,148,119328,152],{"id":117405},[15,119329,74110],{},[20,119331,119332,62620],{},[15,119333,74110],{},[20,119335,48634],{},[162,119337,119338,119344,119350],{},[165,119339,119340,119341],{},"returns a ",[565,119342,119343],{},"new list",[165,119345,119346,119347,119349],{},"does ",[565,119348,1055],{}," change the original data",[165,119351,119352],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119354,50837],{},[162,119356,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365],{},[165,119358,5006],{},[165,119360,5009],{},[165,119362,5015],{},[165,119364,5012],{},[165,119366,35621],{},[1200,119368,34789,119370,119372],{"id":119369},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119371,74110],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[39,119374,119376],{"className":41,"code":119375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119377,119378,119398,119402,119416,119420,119438],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119379,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119381,3321],{"class":54},[48,119383,59],{"class":58},[48,119385,3326],{"class":84},[48,119387,1764],{"class":488},[48,119389,365],{"class":84},[48,119391,5204],{"class":488},[48,119393,365],{"class":84},[48,119395,489],{"class":488},[48,119397,3339],{"class":84},[48,119399,119400],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119401,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119403,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119405,1929],{"class":54},[48,119407,59],{"class":58},[48,119409,74244],{"class":108},[48,119411,91],{"class":84},[48,119413,3353],{"class":87},[48,119415,102],{"class":84},[48,119417,119418],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,119419,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119421,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,119423,109],{"class":108},[48,119425,91],{"class":84},[48,119427,94],{"class":62},[48,119429,11867],{"class":66},[48,119431,94],{"class":62},[48,119433,365],{"class":84},[48,119435,3969],{"class":87},[48,119437,102],{"class":84},[48,119439,119440,119442,119444,119446,119449,119451,119453,119455],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,119441,109],{"class":108},[48,119443,91],{"class":84},[48,119445,94],{"class":62},[48,119447,119448],{"class":66},"sorted result:",[48,119450,94],{"class":62},[48,119452,365],{"class":84},[48,119454,80901],{"class":87},[48,119456,102],{"class":84},[20,119458,119459],{},[565,119460,1037],{},[39,119462,119464],{"className":41,"code":119463,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119465,119466,119486],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119467,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119469,11846],{"class":54},[48,119471,503],{"class":84},[48,119473,3326],{"class":84},[48,119475,1764],{"class":488},[48,119477,365],{"class":84},[48,119479,5204],{"class":488},[48,119481,365],{"class":84},[48,119483,489],{"class":488},[48,119485,3339],{"class":84},[48,119487,119488,119490,119492,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119489,74200],{"class":108},[48,119491,80901],{"class":54},[48,119493,503],{"class":84},[48,119495,3326],{"class":84},[48,119497,272],{"class":488},[48,119499,365],{"class":84},[48,119501,489],{"class":488},[48,119503,365],{"class":84},[48,119505,2152],{"class":488},[48,119507,3339],{"class":84},[20,119509,119510,119511,119513],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119512,3353],{}," stays the same.",[20,119515,119516,119517,32],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[224,119518,3277,119519,3210],{"href":74207},[15,119520,74110],{},[34,119522,148,119523,152],{"id":77617},[15,119524,77551],{},[20,119526,119527,119529],{},[15,119528,64005],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119531,48634],{},[162,119533,119534,119537,119540],{},[165,119535,119536],{},"changes the original list directly",[165,119538,119539],{},"only works on lists",[165,119541,3396,119542],{},[15,119543,3483],{},[1200,119545,34789,119547,73648],{"id":119546},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119548,77551],{},[39,119550,119552],{"className":41,"code":119551,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119553,119554,119574,119578,119588,119592],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119557,3321],{"class":54},[48,119559,59],{"class":58},[48,119561,3326],{"class":84},[48,119563,1764],{"class":488},[48,119565,365],{"class":84},[48,119567,5204],{"class":488},[48,119569,365],{"class":84},[48,119571,489],{"class":488},[48,119573,3339],{"class":84},[48,119575,119576],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119577,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119579,119580,119582,119584,119586],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119581,3353],{"class":54},[48,119583,32],{"class":84},[48,119585,34511],{"class":87},[48,119587,8353],{"class":84},[48,119589,119590],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,119591,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119593,119594,119596,119598,119600],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,119595,109],{"class":108},[48,119597,91],{"class":84},[48,119599,3353],{"class":87},[48,119601,102],{"class":84},[20,119603,119604],{},[565,119605,1037],{},[39,119607,119608],{"className":41,"code":54849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,119609,119610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119611,119612,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119613,3605],{"class":84},[48,119615,272],{"class":488},[48,119617,365],{"class":84},[48,119619,489],{"class":488},[48,119621,365],{"class":84},[48,119623,2152],{"class":488},[48,119625,3339],{"class":84},[20,119627,119628,119629,119632],{},"After calling ",[15,119630,119631],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119634,119635,119636,32],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[224,119637,3277,119638,754],{"href":74461},[15,119639,77551],{},[34,119641,119643],{"id":119642},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119645,119646],{},"Here is the core difference:",[162,119648,119649,119658],{},[165,119650,119651,119654,119655],{},[15,119652,119653],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[565,119656,119657],{},"new sorted list",[165,119659,119660,119663,119664,74018],{},[15,119661,119662],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119665,8050],{},[1200,119667,119669],{"id":119668},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[39,119671,119673],{"className":41,"code":119672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119674,119675,119695,119699,119713,119732,119751,119755,119765],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119676,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119678,3321],{"class":54},[48,119680,59],{"class":58},[48,119682,3326],{"class":84},[48,119684,1837],{"class":488},[48,119686,365],{"class":84},[48,119688,489],{"class":488},[48,119690,365],{"class":84},[48,119692,878],{"class":488},[48,119694,3339],{"class":84},[48,119696,119697],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119700,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119702,2253],{"class":54},[48,119704,59],{"class":58},[48,119706,74244],{"class":108},[48,119708,91],{"class":84},[48,119710,3353],{"class":87},[48,119712,102],{"class":84},[48,119714,119715,119717,119719,119721,119724,119726,119728,119730],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,119716,109],{"class":108},[48,119718,91],{"class":84},[48,119720,94],{"class":62},[48,119722,119723],{"class":66},"numbers after sorted():",[48,119725,94],{"class":62},[48,119727,365],{"class":84},[48,119729,3969],{"class":87},[48,119731,102],{"class":84},[48,119733,119734,119736,119738,119740,119743,119745,119747,119749],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,119735,109],{"class":108},[48,119737,91],{"class":84},[48,119739,94],{"class":62},[48,119741,119742],{"class":66},"a:",[48,119744,94],{"class":62},[48,119746,365],{"class":84},[48,119748,56587],{"class":87},[48,119750,102],{"class":84},[48,119752,119753],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,119754,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119756,119757,119759,119761,119763],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,119758,3353],{"class":54},[48,119760,32],{"class":84},[48,119762,34511],{"class":87},[48,119764,8353],{"class":84},[48,119766,119767,119769,119771,119773,119776,119778,119780,119782],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,119768,109],{"class":108},[48,119770,91],{"class":84},[48,119772,94],{"class":62},[48,119774,119775],{"class":66},"numbers after sort():",[48,119777,94],{"class":62},[48,119779,365],{"class":84},[48,119781,3969],{"class":87},[48,119783,102],{"class":84},[20,119785,119786],{},[565,119787,1037],{},[39,119789,119791],{"className":41,"code":119790,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119792,119793,119816,119836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119794,119795,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119796,119797],{"class":54},"numbers after ",[48,119799,74200],{"class":108},[48,119801,29299],{"class":84},[48,119803,3326],{"class":84},[48,119805,1837],{"class":488},[48,119807,365],{"class":84},[48,119809,489],{"class":488},[48,119811,365],{"class":84},[48,119813,878],{"class":488},[48,119815,3339],{"class":84},[48,119817,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830,119832,119834],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119819,224],{"class":54},[48,119821,503],{"class":84},[48,119823,3326],{"class":84},[48,119825,280],{"class":488},[48,119827,365],{"class":84},[48,119829,878],{"class":488},[48,119831,365],{"class":84},[48,119833,549],{"class":488},[48,119835,3339],{"class":84},[48,119837,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850,119852,119854,119856],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119839,119797],{"class":54},[48,119841,34511],{"class":87},[48,119843,29299],{"class":84},[48,119845,3326],{"class":84},[48,119847,280],{"class":488},[48,119849,365],{"class":84},[48,119851,878],{"class":488},[48,119853,365],{"class":84},[48,119855,549],{"class":488},[48,119857,3339],{"class":84},[20,119859,10425],{},[162,119861,119862,119867],{},[165,119863,119864,119866],{},[15,119865,74110],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[165,119868,119869,119871],{},[15,119870,64005],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[34,119873,4667,119875],{"id":119874},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119876,74110],{},[20,119878,139,119879,10313],{},[15,119880,74110],{},[162,119882,119883,119886,119888,119891],{},[165,119884,119885],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[165,119887,118655],{},[165,119889,119890],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[165,119892,119893],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1200,119895,119897],{"id":119896},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[39,119899,119901],{"className":41,"code":119900,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119902,119903,119927,119931,119945,119949,119959],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119904,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119906,3321],{"class":54},[48,119908,59],{"class":58},[48,119910,8948],{"class":84},[48,119912,907],{"class":488},[48,119914,365],{"class":84},[48,119916,5204],{"class":488},[48,119918,365],{"class":84},[48,119920,2152],{"class":488},[48,119922,365],{"class":84},[48,119924,489],{"class":488},[48,119926,102],{"class":84},[48,119928,119929],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,119930,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119932,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,119934,1929],{"class":54},[48,119936,59],{"class":58},[48,119938,74244],{"class":108},[48,119940,91],{"class":84},[48,119942,3353],{"class":87},[48,119944,102],{"class":84},[48,119946,119947],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,119948,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,119950,119951,119953,119955,119957],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,119952,109],{"class":108},[48,119954,91],{"class":84},[48,119956,1964],{"class":87},[48,119958,102],{"class":84},[48,119960,119961,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,119962,109],{"class":108},[48,119964,91],{"class":84},[48,119966,2921],{"class":1047},[48,119968,91],{"class":84},[48,119970,1964],{"class":87},[48,119972,1034],{"class":84},[20,119974,119975],{},[565,119976,1037],{},[39,119978,119980],{"className":41,"code":119979,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119981,119982,120002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,119983,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,119985,3605],{"class":84},[48,119987,272],{"class":488},[48,119989,365],{"class":84},[48,119991,489],{"class":488},[48,119993,365],{"class":84},[48,119995,2152],{"class":488},[48,119997,365],{"class":84},[48,119999,878],{"class":488},[48,120001,3339],{"class":84},[48,120003,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120005,2990],{"class":58},[48,120007,2993],{"class":1767},[48,120009,2996],{"class":62},[48,120011,7804],{"class":66},[48,120013,3001],{"class":62},[48,120015,3004],{"class":58},[20,120017,1986,120018,120020,120021,32],{},[15,120019,74110],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[565,120022,7804],{},[20,120024,120025,120026,120028],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[224,120027,52471],{"href":50684}," is a helpful next step.",[34,120030,4667,120032],{"id":120031},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120033,77551],{},[20,120035,139,120036,10313],{},[15,120037,77551],{},[162,120039,120040,120043,120046,120049],{},[165,120041,120042],{},"you already have a list",[165,120044,120045],{},"you want to update that list directly",[165,120047,120048],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[165,120050,120051],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1200,120053,120055],{"id":120054},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[39,120057,120059],{"className":41,"code":120058,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120060,120061,120093,120097,120107,120111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120062,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120064,4701],{"class":54},[48,120066,59],{"class":58},[48,120068,3326],{"class":84},[48,120070,94],{"class":62},[48,120072,4728],{"class":66},[48,120074,94],{"class":62},[48,120076,365],{"class":84},[48,120078,63],{"class":62},[48,120080,4710],{"class":66},[48,120082,94],{"class":62},[48,120084,365],{"class":84},[48,120086,63],{"class":62},[48,120088,4719],{"class":66},[48,120090,94],{"class":62},[48,120092,3339],{"class":84},[48,120094,120095],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120096,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120098,120099,120101,120103,120105],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120100,4745],{"class":54},[48,120102,32],{"class":84},[48,120104,34511],{"class":87},[48,120106,8353],{"class":84},[48,120108,120109],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120110,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120112,120113,120115,120117,120119],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120114,109],{"class":108},[48,120116,91],{"class":84},[48,120118,4745],{"class":87},[48,120120,102],{"class":84},[20,120122,120123],{},[565,120124,1037],{},[39,120126,120128],{"className":41,"code":120127,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120129,120130],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120131,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120133,3605],{"class":84},[48,120135,3001],{"class":62},[48,120137,4710],{"class":66},[48,120139,3001],{"class":62},[48,120141,365],{"class":84},[48,120143,2996],{"class":62},[48,120145,4719],{"class":66},[48,120147,3001],{"class":62},[48,120149,365],{"class":84},[48,120151,2996],{"class":62},[48,120153,4728],{"class":66},[48,120155,3001],{"class":62},[48,120157,3339],{"class":84},[20,120159,120160],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120162,120163,120164,32],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[224,120165,79557],{"href":78060},[34,120167,120169,500,120171,120173],{"id":120168},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120170,73263],{},[15,120172,14556],{}," work with both",[20,120175,10302,120176,500,120178,120180],{},[15,120177,74110],{},[15,120179,77551],{}," support:",[162,120182,120183,120188],{},[165,120184,120185,120187],{},[15,120186,77775],{}," for descending order",[165,120189,120190,120193],{},[15,120191,120192],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120195,120196],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1200,120198,120200],{"id":120199},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[39,120202,120204],{"className":41,"code":120203,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120205,120206,120226,120230,120252,120256,120274],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120207,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120209,3321],{"class":54},[48,120211,59],{"class":58},[48,120213,3326],{"class":84},[48,120215,1764],{"class":488},[48,120217,365],{"class":84},[48,120219,5204],{"class":488},[48,120221,365],{"class":84},[48,120223,489],{"class":488},[48,120225,3339],{"class":84},[48,120227,120228],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120229,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120233,109],{"class":108},[48,120235,91],{"class":84},[48,120237,74200],{"class":108},[48,120239,91],{"class":84},[48,120241,3353],{"class":87},[48,120243,365],{"class":84},[48,120245,77754],{"class":8887},[48,120247,59],{"class":58},[48,120249,3306],{"class":3556},[48,120251,1034],{"class":84},[48,120253,120254],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120255,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120257,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270,120272],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120259,3353],{"class":54},[48,120261,32],{"class":84},[48,120263,34511],{"class":87},[48,120265,91],{"class":84},[48,120267,73263],{"class":8887},[48,120269,59],{"class":58},[48,120271,3306],{"class":3556},[48,120273,102],{"class":84},[48,120275,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,120277,109],{"class":108},[48,120279,91],{"class":84},[48,120281,3353],{"class":87},[48,120283,102],{"class":84},[20,120285,120286],{},[565,120287,1037],{},[39,120289,120291],{"className":41,"code":120290,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120292,120293,120309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120294,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120296,3605],{"class":84},[48,120298,1764],{"class":488},[48,120300,365],{"class":84},[48,120302,489],{"class":488},[48,120304,365],{"class":84},[48,120306,5204],{"class":488},[48,120308,3339],{"class":84},[48,120310,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120312,3605],{"class":84},[48,120314,1764],{"class":488},[48,120316,365],{"class":84},[48,120318,489],{"class":488},[48,120320,365],{"class":84},[48,120322,5204],{"class":488},[48,120324,3339],{"class":84},[1200,120326,120328],{"id":120327},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[39,120330,120332],{"className":41,"code":120331,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120333,120334,120366,120370,120396,120400,120422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120335,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120337,3776],{"class":54},[48,120339,59],{"class":58},[48,120341,3326],{"class":84},[48,120343,94],{"class":62},[48,120345,83047],{"class":66},[48,120347,94],{"class":62},[48,120349,365],{"class":84},[48,120351,63],{"class":62},[48,120353,3785],{"class":66},[48,120355,94],{"class":62},[48,120357,365],{"class":84},[48,120359,63],{"class":62},[48,120361,118520],{"class":66},[48,120363,94],{"class":62},[48,120365,3339],{"class":84},[48,120367,120368],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120369,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120371,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120373,109],{"class":108},[48,120375,91],{"class":84},[48,120377,74200],{"class":108},[48,120379,91],{"class":84},[48,120381,3819],{"class":87},[48,120383,365],{"class":84},[48,120385,21295],{"class":8887},[48,120387,59],{"class":58},[48,120389,3144],{"class":1047},[48,120391,32],{"class":84},[48,120393,8350],{"class":24466},[48,120395,1034],{"class":84},[48,120397,120398],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120399,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120401,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120403,3819],{"class":54},[48,120405,32],{"class":84},[48,120407,34511],{"class":87},[48,120409,91],{"class":84},[48,120411,14556],{"class":8887},[48,120413,59],{"class":58},[48,120415,3144],{"class":1047},[48,120417,32],{"class":84},[48,120419,8350],{"class":24466},[48,120421,102],{"class":84},[48,120423,120424,120426,120428,120430],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,120425,109],{"class":108},[48,120427,91],{"class":84},[48,120429,3819],{"class":87},[48,120431,102],{"class":84},[20,120433,120434],{},[565,120435,1037],{},[39,120437,120439],{"className":41,"code":120438,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120440,120441,120469],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120442,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120444,3605],{"class":84},[48,120446,3001],{"class":62},[48,120448,3785],{"class":66},[48,120450,3001],{"class":62},[48,120452,365],{"class":84},[48,120454,2996],{"class":62},[48,120456,83047],{"class":66},[48,120458,3001],{"class":62},[48,120460,365],{"class":84},[48,120462,2996],{"class":62},[48,120464,118520],{"class":66},[48,120466,3001],{"class":62},[48,120468,3339],{"class":84},[48,120470,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120472,3605],{"class":84},[48,120474,3001],{"class":62},[48,120476,3785],{"class":66},[48,120478,3001],{"class":62},[48,120480,365],{"class":84},[48,120482,2996],{"class":62},[48,120484,83047],{"class":66},[48,120486,3001],{"class":62},[48,120488,365],{"class":84},[48,120490,2996],{"class":62},[48,120492,118520],{"class":66},[48,120494,3001],{"class":62},[48,120496,3339],{"class":84},[20,120498,758,120499,120501],{},[15,120500,78269],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120503,120504,120505,32],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[224,120506,120508],{"href":120507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[34,120510,120512],{"id":120511},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120514,120515],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1200,120517,120519,120520,12311],{"id":120518},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120521,77551],{},[20,120523,120524],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[39,120526,120528],{"className":41,"code":120527,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120529,120530,120550,120554,120568,120572,120582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120531,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120533,3321],{"class":54},[48,120535,59],{"class":58},[48,120537,3326],{"class":84},[48,120539,1764],{"class":488},[48,120541,365],{"class":84},[48,120543,5204],{"class":488},[48,120545,365],{"class":84},[48,120547,489],{"class":488},[48,120549,3339],{"class":84},[48,120551,120552],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120553,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120555,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120557,1929],{"class":54},[48,120559,59],{"class":58},[48,120561,3969],{"class":54},[48,120563,32],{"class":84},[48,120565,34511],{"class":87},[48,120567,8353],{"class":84},[48,120569,120570],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120571,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120573,120574,120576,120578,120580],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120575,109],{"class":108},[48,120577,91],{"class":84},[48,120579,1964],{"class":87},[48,120581,102],{"class":84},[48,120583,120584,120586,120588,120590],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,120585,109],{"class":108},[48,120587,91],{"class":84},[48,120589,3353],{"class":87},[48,120591,102],{"class":84},[20,120593,120594],{},[565,120595,1037],{},[39,120597,120598],{"className":41,"code":78892,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,120599,120600,120604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120601,120602],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120603,11521],{"class":3556},[48,120605,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616,120618],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120607,3605],{"class":84},[48,120609,272],{"class":488},[48,120611,365],{"class":84},[48,120613,489],{"class":488},[48,120615,365],{"class":84},[48,120617,2152],{"class":488},[48,120619,3339],{"class":84},[20,120621,11613],{},[162,120623,120624,120629,120634],{},[165,120625,120626,120628],{},[15,120627,119631],{}," sorts the list in place",[165,120630,34726,120631,120633],{},[565,120632,1055],{}," return the sorted list",[165,120635,89671,120636,41862,120638],{},[15,120637,1964],{},[15,120639,3483],{},[1200,120641,120643,120644,120646],{"id":120642},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120645,74110],{}," to change the original list",[39,120648,120650],{"className":41,"code":120649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120651,120652,120672,120676,120686,120690],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120653,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120655,3321],{"class":54},[48,120657,59],{"class":58},[48,120659,3326],{"class":84},[48,120661,1764],{"class":488},[48,120663,365],{"class":84},[48,120665,5204],{"class":488},[48,120667,365],{"class":84},[48,120669,489],{"class":488},[48,120671,3339],{"class":84},[48,120673,120674],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120675,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120677,120678,120680,120682,120684],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120679,74200],{"class":108},[48,120681,91],{"class":84},[48,120683,3353],{"class":87},[48,120685,102],{"class":84},[48,120687,120688],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120689,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120691,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120693,109],{"class":108},[48,120695,91],{"class":84},[48,120697,3353],{"class":87},[48,120699,102],{"class":84},[20,120701,120702],{},[565,120703,1037],{},[39,120705,120706],{"className":41,"code":118852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,120707,120708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120709,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120711,3605],{"class":84},[48,120713,1764],{"class":488},[48,120715,365],{"class":84},[48,120717,5204],{"class":488},[48,120719,365],{"class":84},[48,120721,489],{"class":488},[48,120723,3339],{"class":84},[20,120725,120726,120729],{},[15,120727,120728],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120731,10519],{},[39,120733,120735],{"className":41,"code":120734,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120736,120737,120757,120761,120775,120779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747,120749,120751,120753,120755],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120740,3321],{"class":54},[48,120742,59],{"class":58},[48,120744,3326],{"class":84},[48,120746,1764],{"class":488},[48,120748,365],{"class":84},[48,120750,5204],{"class":488},[48,120752,365],{"class":84},[48,120754,489],{"class":488},[48,120756,3339],{"class":84},[48,120758,120759],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120760,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120762,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120764,55341],{"class":54},[48,120766,59],{"class":58},[48,120768,74244],{"class":108},[48,120770,91],{"class":84},[48,120772,3353],{"class":87},[48,120774,102],{"class":84},[48,120776,120777],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120778,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120780,120781,120783,120785,120787],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120782,109],{"class":108},[48,120784,91],{"class":84},[48,120786,55360],{"class":87},[48,120788,102],{"class":84},[1200,120790,120792,120793,120795],{"id":120791},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120794,64005],{}," on a tuple or string",[39,120797,120798],{"className":41,"code":78994,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,120799,120800,120812],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120801,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120803,55],{"class":54},[48,120805,59],{"class":58},[48,120807,63],{"class":62},[48,120809,43],{"class":66},[48,120811,70],{"class":62},[48,120813,120814,120816,120818,120820],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120815,213],{"class":54},[48,120817,32],{"class":84},[48,120819,34511],{"class":87},[48,120821,8353],{"class":84},[20,120823,120824,120825,33313],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120826,64005],{},[20,120828,120829,120831],{},[15,120830,64005],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120833,120834,120835,120837,120838,32],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120836,74110],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[224,120839,4843],{"href":5293},[1200,120841,120843,120844,118889],{"id":120842},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120845,74110],{},[39,120847,120849],{"className":41,"code":120848,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120850,120851,120864,120878,120882,120892],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120852,120853,120855,120857,120859,120862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120854,55],{"class":54},[48,120856,59],{"class":58},[48,120858,63],{"class":62},[48,120860,120861],{"class":66},"cab",[48,120863,70],{"class":62},[48,120865,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120867,1929],{"class":54},[48,120869,59],{"class":58},[48,120871,74244],{"class":108},[48,120873,91],{"class":84},[48,120875,213],{"class":87},[48,120877,102],{"class":84},[48,120879,120880],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,120881,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,120883,120884,120886,120888,120890],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,120885,109],{"class":108},[48,120887,91],{"class":84},[48,120889,1964],{"class":87},[48,120891,102],{"class":84},[48,120893,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,120895,109],{"class":108},[48,120897,91],{"class":84},[48,120899,2921],{"class":1047},[48,120901,91],{"class":84},[48,120903,1964],{"class":87},[48,120905,1034],{"class":84},[20,120907,120908],{},[565,120909,1037],{},[39,120911,120913],{"className":41,"code":120912,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120914,120915,120943],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,120916,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,120918,3605],{"class":84},[48,120920,3001],{"class":62},[48,120922,224],{"class":66},[48,120924,3001],{"class":62},[48,120926,365],{"class":84},[48,120928,2996],{"class":62},[48,120930,4466],{"class":66},[48,120932,3001],{"class":62},[48,120934,365],{"class":84},[48,120936,2996],{"class":62},[48,120938,632],{"class":66},[48,120940,3001],{"class":62},[48,120942,3339],{"class":84},[48,120944,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,120946,2990],{"class":58},[48,120948,2993],{"class":1767},[48,120950,2996],{"class":62},[48,120952,7804],{"class":66},[48,120954,3001],{"class":62},[48,120956,3004],{"class":58},[20,120958,120959],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[34,120961,113410],{"id":113409},[20,120963,120964],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[162,120966,120967,120970,120975,120980,120986],{},[165,120968,120969],{},"confusing a function with a method",[165,120971,120972,120973,53343],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120974,64005],{},[165,120976,120977,120978,12311],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120979,77551],{},[165,120981,120982,120983,120985],{},"trying to use ",[15,120984,64005],{}," on non-list data types",[165,120987,50213,120988,120990],{},[15,120989,74110],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120992,120993],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[39,120995,120997],{"className":41,"code":120996,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120998,120999,121009,121023,121048,121063,121073],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121000,121001,121003,121005,121007],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121002,109],{"class":108},[48,121004,91],{"class":84},[48,121006,8050],{"class":87},[48,121008,102],{"class":84},[48,121010,121011,121013,121015,121017,121019,121021],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121012,109],{"class":108},[48,121014,91],{"class":84},[48,121016,74200],{"class":108},[48,121018,91],{"class":84},[48,121020,8050],{"class":87},[48,121022,1034],{"class":84},[48,121024,121025,121027,121029,121031,121033,121035,121037,121040,121042,121044,121046],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121026,1929],{"class":54},[48,121028,59],{"class":58},[48,121030,8107],{"class":54},[48,121032,32],{"class":84},[48,121034,34511],{"class":87},[48,121036,7074],{"class":84},[48,121038,121039],{"class":54},"; ",[48,121041,109],{"class":108},[48,121043,91],{"class":84},[48,121045,1964],{"class":87},[48,121047,102],{"class":84},[48,121049,121050,121052,121054,121056,121058,121061],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121051,109],{"class":108},[48,121053,91],{"class":84},[48,121055,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121057,91],{"class":84},[48,121059,121060],{"class":87},"my_data",[48,121062,1034],{"class":84},[48,121064,121065,121067,121069,121071],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121066,31864],{"class":108},[48,121068,91],{"class":84},[48,121070,74200],{"class":108},[48,121072,102],{"class":84},[48,121074,121075,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,121076,31864],{"class":108},[48,121078,91],{"class":84},[48,121080,7804],{"class":1047},[48,121082,32],{"class":84},[48,121084,34511],{"class":24466},[48,121086,102],{"class":84},[20,121088,84057],{},[162,121090,121091,121094,121098,121106],{},[165,121092,121093],{},"whether your original list changed",[165,121095,25735,121096,11418],{},[15,121097,74110],{},[165,121099,121100,121101,121103,121104],{},"whether ",[15,121102,64005],{}," returned ",[15,121105,3483],{},[165,121107,121108],{},"what type of object you are working with",[34,121110,121112],{"id":121111},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121114,121115],{},"Use this rule:",[162,121117,121118,121126],{},[165,121119,121120,121121,121123,121124],{},"Need a ",[565,121122,119214],{},": use ",[15,121125,74110],{},[165,121127,121128,121129,121123,121132],{},"Need to ",[565,121130,121131],{},"change one list directly",[15,121133,77551],{},[20,121135,121136,121137,121139],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121138,74110],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[34,121141,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,121143,121145,121146,1358,121148,1564],{"id":121144},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121147,74110],{},[15,121149,77551],{},[20,121151,121152,121154],{},[15,121153,74110],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1200,121156,4865,121158,4868,121160,1564],{"id":121157},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121159,77551],{},[15,121161,3483],{},[20,121163,121164],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1200,121166,1579,121168,121170],{"id":121167},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121169,74110],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121172,121173],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1200,121175,28044,121177,121179],{"id":121176},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121178,64005],{}," on a string?",[20,121181,46071,121182,121184,121185,39639],{},[15,121183,64005],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121186,121187],{},"sorted(string)",[1200,121189,11532,121191,500,121193,121195],{"id":121190},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121192,74110],{},[15,121194,64005],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121197,121198,121199,32],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121200,77775],{},[34,121202,1599],{"id":1598},[162,121204,121205,121211,121217,121221,121225],{},[165,121206,121207],{},[224,121208,3277,121209,3210],{"href":74207},[15,121210,74110],{},[165,121212,121213],{},[224,121214,3277,121215,754],{"href":74461},[15,121216,77551],{},[165,121218,121219],{},[224,121220,79557],{"href":78060},[165,121222,121223],{},[224,121224,120508],{"href":120507},[165,121226,121227],{},[224,121228,52471],{"href":50684},[1633,121230,121231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":121233},[121234,121235,121236,121240,121244,121247,121251,121255,121260,121270,121271,121272,121284],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":119302,"depth":73,"text":119303},{"id":117405,"depth":73,"text":119127,"children":121237},[121238],{"id":119369,"depth":105,"text":121239},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77617,"depth":73,"text":79579,"children":121241},[121242],{"id":119546,"depth":105,"text":121243},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119642,"depth":73,"text":119643,"children":121245},[121246],{"id":119668,"depth":105,"text":119669},{"id":119874,"depth":73,"text":121248,"children":121249},"When to use sorted()",[121250],{"id":119896,"depth":105,"text":119897},{"id":120031,"depth":73,"text":121252,"children":121253},"When to use list.sort()",[121254],{"id":120054,"depth":105,"text":120055},{"id":120168,"depth":73,"text":121256,"children":121257},"reverse and key work with both",[121258,121259],{"id":120199,"depth":105,"text":120200},{"id":120327,"depth":105,"text":120328},{"id":120511,"depth":73,"text":120512,"children":121261},[121262,121264,121266,121268],{"id":120518,"depth":105,"text":121263},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120642,"depth":105,"text":121265},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120791,"depth":105,"text":121267},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120842,"depth":105,"text":121269},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113409,"depth":73,"text":113410},{"id":121111,"depth":73,"text":121112},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":121273},[121274,121276,121278,121280,121282],{"id":121144,"depth":105,"text":121275},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121157,"depth":105,"text":121277},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121167,"depth":105,"text":121279},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121176,"depth":105,"text":121281},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121190,"depth":105,"text":121283},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119173,"description":121285},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121291,"title":41883,"body":121292,"description":123024,"extension":1666,"meta":123025,"navigation":122,"path":123026,"seo":123027,"stem":123028,"__hash__":123029},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121293,"toc":122981},[121294,121299,121304,121310,121312,121367,121371,121394,121399,121404,121409,121411,121442,121445,121459,121461,121463,121478,121483,121487,121490,121541,121545,121559,121566,121570,121574,121629,121633,121656,121660,121716,121720,121743,121747,121802,121806,121829,121833,121900,121904,121939,121945,121950,121955,121957,121971,121973,122047,122051,122071,122076,122083,122086,122098,122100,122169,122173,122210,122213,122238,122245,122254,122257,122269,122275,122281,122283,122289,122294,122373,122377,122418,122422,122424,122451,122454,122477,122480,122486,122489,122526,122538,122545,122547,122598,122601,122633,122636,122638,122645,122647,122662,122664,122721,122725,122749,122751,122756,122772,122779,122783,122786,122869,122879,122881,122886,122889,122895,122898,122904,122907,122913,122916,122923,122931,122933,122978],[10,121295,3277,121297,3281],{"id":121296},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121298,47390],{},[20,121300,32029,121301,121303],{},[15,121302,47390],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121305,121306,121307,121309],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121308,47390],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[34,121311,37],{"id":36},[39,121313,121315],{"className":41,"code":121314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121316,121317,121325,121339,121343,121353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121318,121319,121321,121323],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121320,21344],{"class":54},[48,121322,59],{"class":58},[48,121324,44932],{"class":488},[48,121326,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121328,55],{"class":54},[48,121330,59],{"class":58},[48,121332,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121334,91],{"class":84},[48,121336,9011],{"class":87},[48,121338,102],{"class":84},[48,121340,121341],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121342,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121344,121345,121347,121349,121351],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121346,109],{"class":108},[48,121348,91],{"class":84},[48,121350,213],{"class":87},[48,121352,102],{"class":84},[48,121354,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363,121365],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121356,109],{"class":108},[48,121358,91],{"class":84},[48,121360,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121362,91],{"class":84},[48,121364,213],{"class":87},[48,121366,1034],{"class":84},[20,121368,121369],{},[565,121370,1037],{},[39,121372,121374],{"className":41,"code":121373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121375,121376,121380],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121377,121378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121379,2408],{"class":488},[48,121381,121382,121384,121386,121388,121390,121392],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121383,2990],{"class":58},[48,121385,2993],{"class":1767},[48,121387,2996],{"class":62},[48,121389,3144],{"class":66},[48,121391,3001],{"class":62},[48,121393,3004],{"class":58},[20,121395,139,121396,121398],{},[15,121397,47390],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[34,121400,148,121402,152],{"id":121401},"what-str-does",[15,121403,47390],{},[20,121405,121406,121408],{},[15,121407,47390],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121410,570],{},[162,121412,121413,121420,121427,121434],{},[165,121414,121415,121416,41862,121418],{},"An integer like ",[15,121417,2031],{},[15,121419,41833],{},[165,121421,121422,121423,41862,121425],{},"A float like ",[15,121424,39853],{},[15,121426,47801],{},[165,121428,121429,121430,41862,121432],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121431,3306],{},[15,121433,6348],{},[165,121435,121436,121437,41862,121439],{},"A list like ",[15,121438,74932],{},[15,121440,121441],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121443,121444],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[162,121446,121447,121450,121453,121456],{},[165,121448,121449],{},"print it",[165,121451,121452],{},"combine it with other strings",[165,121454,121455],{},"save it to a file",[165,121457,121458],{},"use it in messages",[34,121460,340],{"id":339},[20,121462,6926],{},[39,121464,121466],{"className":41,"code":121465,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"str(object)\n",[15,121467,121468],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121469,121470,121472,121474,121476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121471,3144],{"class":1047},[48,121473,91],{"class":84},[48,121475,42106],{"class":1047},[48,121477,102],{"class":84},[20,121479,20487,121480,121482],{},[15,121481,42106],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121484,121485,7936],{},[15,121486,47390],{},[20,121488,121489],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[39,121491,121493],{"className":41,"code":121492,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121494,121495,121504,121527,121531],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121496,121497,121499,121501],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121498,4802],{"class":54},[48,121500,59],{"class":58},[48,121502,121503],{"class":488}," 100\n",[48,121505,121506,121508,121510,121512,121515,121517,121519,121521,121523,121525],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121507,89691],{"class":54},[48,121509,59],{"class":58},[48,121511,63],{"class":62},[48,121513,121514],{"class":66},"Your score is ",[48,121516,94],{"class":62},[48,121518,2155],{"class":58},[48,121520,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121522,91],{"class":84},[48,121524,85204],{"class":87},[48,121526,102],{"class":84},[48,121528,121529],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121530,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121532,121533,121535,121537,121539],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121534,109],{"class":108},[48,121536,91],{"class":84},[48,121538,89708],{"class":87},[48,121540,102],{"class":84},[20,121542,121543],{},[565,121544,1037],{},[39,121546,121548],{"className":41,"code":121547,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121549,121550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121551,121552,121555,121557],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121553,121554],{"class":54},"Your score ",[48,121556,11907],{"class":58},[48,121558,121503],{"class":488},[20,121560,1996,121561,121565],{},[224,121562,121563,2003],{"href":1999},[15,121564,2002],{}," can help you check.",[34,121567,121569],{"id":121568},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1200,121571,121573],{"id":121572},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[39,121575,121577],{"className":41,"code":121576,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121578,121579,121587,121601,121605,121615],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121580,121581,121583,121585],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121582,1916],{"class":54},[48,121584,59],{"class":58},[48,121586,2286],{"class":488},[48,121588,121589,121591,121593,121595,121597,121599],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121590,55],{"class":54},[48,121592,59],{"class":58},[48,121594,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121596,91],{"class":84},[48,121598,1939],{"class":87},[48,121600,102],{"class":84},[48,121602,121603],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121604,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121608,109],{"class":108},[48,121610,91],{"class":84},[48,121612,213],{"class":87},[48,121614,102],{"class":84},[48,121616,121617,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121618,109],{"class":108},[48,121620,91],{"class":84},[48,121622,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121624,91],{"class":84},[48,121626,213],{"class":87},[48,121628,1034],{"class":84},[20,121630,121631],{},[565,121632,1037],{},[39,121634,121636],{"className":41,"code":121635,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121637,121638,121642],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121639,121640],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121641,2077],{"class":488},[48,121643,121644,121646,121648,121650,121652,121654],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121645,2990],{"class":58},[48,121647,2993],{"class":1767},[48,121649,2996],{"class":62},[48,121651,3144],{"class":66},[48,121653,3001],{"class":62},[48,121655,3004],{"class":58},[1200,121657,121659],{"id":121658},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[39,121661,121663],{"className":41,"code":121662,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121664,121665,121674,121688,121692,121702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121666,121667,121669,121671],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121668,40097],{"class":54},[48,121670,59],{"class":58},[48,121672,121673],{"class":488}," 3.14\n",[48,121675,121676,121678,121680,121682,121684,121686],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121677,55],{"class":54},[48,121679,59],{"class":58},[48,121681,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121683,91],{"class":84},[48,121685,24866],{"class":87},[48,121687,102],{"class":84},[48,121689,121690],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121691,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121693,121694,121696,121698,121700],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121695,109],{"class":108},[48,121697,91],{"class":84},[48,121699,213],{"class":87},[48,121701,102],{"class":84},[48,121703,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121705,109],{"class":108},[48,121707,91],{"class":84},[48,121709,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121711,91],{"class":84},[48,121713,213],{"class":87},[48,121715,1034],{"class":84},[20,121717,121718],{},[565,121719,1037],{},[39,121721,121723],{"className":41,"code":121722,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121724,121725,121729],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121726,121727],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121728,39887],{"class":488},[48,121730,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121732,2990],{"class":58},[48,121734,2993],{"class":1767},[48,121736,2996],{"class":62},[48,121738,3144],{"class":66},[48,121740,3001],{"class":62},[48,121742,3004],{"class":58},[1200,121744,121746],{"id":121745},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[39,121748,121750],{"className":41,"code":121749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121751,121752,121760,121774,121778,121788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121753,121754,121756,121758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121755,2147],{"class":54},[48,121757,59],{"class":58},[48,121759,6130],{"class":3556},[48,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121763,55],{"class":54},[48,121765,59],{"class":58},[48,121767,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121769,91],{"class":84},[48,121771,362],{"class":87},[48,121773,102],{"class":84},[48,121775,121776],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121777,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121779,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121781,109],{"class":108},[48,121783,91],{"class":84},[48,121785,213],{"class":87},[48,121787,102],{"class":84},[48,121789,121790,121792,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121791,109],{"class":108},[48,121793,91],{"class":84},[48,121795,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121797,91],{"class":84},[48,121799,213],{"class":87},[48,121801,1034],{"class":84},[20,121803,121804],{},[565,121805,1037],{},[39,121807,121809],{"className":41,"code":121808,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121810,121811,121815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121812,121813],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121814,3685],{"class":3556},[48,121816,121817,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121818,2990],{"class":58},[48,121820,2993],{"class":1767},[48,121822,2996],{"class":62},[48,121824,3144],{"class":66},[48,121826,3001],{"class":62},[48,121828,3004],{"class":58},[1200,121830,121832],{"id":121831},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[39,121834,121836],{"className":41,"code":121835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121837,121838,121858,121872,121876,121886],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850,121852,121854,121856],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121841,7489],{"class":54},[48,121843,59],{"class":58},[48,121845,3326],{"class":84},[48,121847,272],{"class":488},[48,121849,365],{"class":84},[48,121851,489],{"class":488},[48,121853,365],{"class":84},[48,121855,2152],{"class":488},[48,121857,3339],{"class":84},[48,121859,121860,121862,121864,121866,121868,121870],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121861,55],{"class":54},[48,121863,59],{"class":58},[48,121865,48611],{"class":1047},[48,121867,91],{"class":84},[48,121869,7520],{"class":87},[48,121871,102],{"class":84},[48,121873,121874],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,121875,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,121877,121878,121880,121882,121884],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,121879,109],{"class":108},[48,121881,91],{"class":84},[48,121883,213],{"class":87},[48,121885,102],{"class":84},[48,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,121889,109],{"class":108},[48,121891,91],{"class":84},[48,121893,2921],{"class":1047},[48,121895,91],{"class":84},[48,121897,213],{"class":87},[48,121899,1034],{"class":84},[20,121901,121902],{},[565,121903,1037],{},[39,121905,121907],{"className":41,"code":121906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121908,121909,121925],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121910,121911,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121912,3605],{"class":84},[48,121914,272],{"class":488},[48,121916,365],{"class":84},[48,121918,489],{"class":488},[48,121920,365],{"class":84},[48,121922,2152],{"class":488},[48,121924,3339],{"class":84},[48,121926,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121928,2990],{"class":58},[48,121930,2993],{"class":1767},[48,121932,2996],{"class":62},[48,121934,3144],{"class":66},[48,121936,3001],{"class":62},[48,121938,3004],{"class":58},[20,121940,121941,121942,121944],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[565,121943,1055],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[34,121946,4667,121948],{"id":121947},"when-to-use-str",[15,121949,47390],{},[20,121951,139,121952,121954],{},[15,121953,47390],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121956,36136],{},[162,121958,121959,121962,121965,121968],{},[165,121960,121961],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[165,121963,121964],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[165,121966,121967],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[165,121969,121970],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121972,182],{},[39,121974,121976],{"className":41,"code":121975,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121977,121978,121990,121998,122002,122037],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,121979,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,121981,7587],{"class":54},[48,121983,59],{"class":58},[48,121985,63],{"class":62},[48,121987,11221],{"class":66},[48,121989,70],{"class":62},[48,121991,121992,121994,121996],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,121993,21344],{"class":54},[48,121995,59],{"class":58},[48,121997,44932],{"class":488},[48,121999,122000],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122001,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122003,122004,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016,122018,122020,122022,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122035],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122005,89691],{"class":54},[48,122007,59],{"class":58},[48,122009,35680],{"class":54},[48,122011,1761],{"class":58},[48,122013,63],{"class":62},[48,122015,4489],{"class":66},[48,122017,94],{"class":62},[48,122019,2155],{"class":58},[48,122021,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122023,91],{"class":84},[48,122025,9011],{"class":87},[48,122027,3366],{"class":84},[48,122029,2155],{"class":58},[48,122031,63],{"class":62},[48,122033,122034],{"class":66}," years old.",[48,122036,70],{"class":62},[48,122038,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,122040,109],{"class":108},[48,122042,91],{"class":84},[48,122044,89708],{"class":87},[48,122046,102],{"class":84},[20,122048,122049],{},[565,122050,1037],{},[39,122052,122054],{"className":41,"code":122053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122055,122056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122057,122058,122061,122063,122065,122068],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122059,122060],{"class":54},"Maya ",[48,122062,11907],{"class":58},[48,122064,9018],{"class":488},[48,122066,122067],{"class":54}," years old",[48,122069,122070],{"class":84},".\n",[20,122072,122073,122074,32],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[224,122075,89377],{"href":89376},[34,122077,122079,1188,122081],{"id":122078},"str-vs-print",[15,122080,47390],{},[15,122082,46158],{},[20,122084,122085],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[162,122087,122088,122093],{},[165,122089,122090,122092],{},[15,122091,47390],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[165,122094,122095,122097],{},[15,122096,46158],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122099,182],{},[39,122101,122103],{"className":41,"code":122102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122104,122105,122113,122117,122131,122141,122155],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122106,122107,122109,122111],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122108,2147],{"class":54},[48,122110,59],{"class":58},[48,122112,2468],{"class":488},[48,122114,122115],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122116,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122118,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122120,55],{"class":54},[48,122122,59],{"class":58},[48,122124,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122126,91],{"class":84},[48,122128,362],{"class":87},[48,122130,102],{"class":84},[48,122132,122133,122135,122137,122139],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122134,109],{"class":108},[48,122136,91],{"class":84},[48,122138,213],{"class":87},[48,122140,102],{"class":84},[48,122142,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,122144,109],{"class":108},[48,122146,91],{"class":84},[48,122148,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122150,91],{"class":84},[48,122152,213],{"class":87},[48,122154,1034],{"class":84},[48,122156,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,122158,109],{"class":108},[48,122160,91],{"class":84},[48,122162,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122164,91],{"class":84},[48,122166,362],{"class":87},[48,122168,1034],{"class":84},[20,122170,122171],{},[565,122172,1037],{},[39,122174,122176],{"className":41,"code":122175,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122177,122178,122182,122196],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122179,122180],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122181,46318],{"class":488},[48,122183,122184,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122185,2990],{"class":58},[48,122187,2993],{"class":1767},[48,122189,2996],{"class":62},[48,122191,3144],{"class":66},[48,122193,3001],{"class":62},[48,122195,3004],{"class":58},[48,122197,122198,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122199,2990],{"class":58},[48,122201,2993],{"class":1767},[48,122203,2996],{"class":62},[48,122205,1887],{"class":66},[48,122207,3001],{"class":62},[48,122209,3004],{"class":58},[20,122211,122212],{},"Notice:",[162,122214,122215,122221,122226],{},[165,122216,122217,122220],{},[15,122218,122219],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[165,122222,122223,122225],{},[15,122224,46158],{}," only displayed values",[165,122227,122228,122230,122231,122233,122234,60996,122236],{},[15,122229,46158],{}," did not change ",[15,122232,362],{}," from ",[15,122235,1887],{},[15,122237,3144],{},[20,122239,122240,122241,32],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[224,122242,122243,2003],{"href":46155},[15,122244,46158],{},[34,122246,122248,1188,122250,122253],{"id":122247},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122249,47390],{},[15,122251,122252],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122255,122256],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[162,122258,122259,122264],{},[165,122260,122261,122263],{},[15,122262,47390],{}," is the more readable text version",[165,122265,122266,122268],{},[15,122267,122252],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122270,122271,122272,122274],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122273,47390],{}," much more often.",[20,122276,122277,122278,122280],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122279,47390],{}," is usually the right choice.",[34,122282,4225],{"id":4224},[1200,122284,25490,122286,122288],{"id":122285},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122287,47390],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122290,122291,122293],{},[15,122292,47390],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[39,122295,122297],{"className":41,"code":122296,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122298,122299,122307,122321,122325,122335,122349,122359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122300,122301,122303,122305],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122302,21344],{"class":54},[48,122304,59],{"class":58},[48,122306,44932],{"class":488},[48,122308,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122310,55],{"class":54},[48,122312,59],{"class":58},[48,122314,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122316,91],{"class":84},[48,122318,9011],{"class":87},[48,122320,102],{"class":84},[48,122322,122323],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122324,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122326,122327,122329,122331,122333],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122328,109],{"class":108},[48,122330,91],{"class":84},[48,122332,9011],{"class":87},[48,122334,102],{"class":84},[48,122336,122337,122339,122341,122343,122345,122347],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,122338,109],{"class":108},[48,122340,91],{"class":84},[48,122342,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122344,91],{"class":84},[48,122346,9011],{"class":87},[48,122348,1034],{"class":84},[48,122350,122351,122353,122355,122357],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,122352,109],{"class":108},[48,122354,91],{"class":84},[48,122356,213],{"class":87},[48,122358,102],{"class":84},[48,122360,122361,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,122362,109],{"class":108},[48,122364,91],{"class":84},[48,122366,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122368,91],{"class":84},[48,122370,213],{"class":87},[48,122372,1034],{"class":84},[20,122374,122375],{},[565,122376,1037],{},[39,122378,122380],{"className":41,"code":122379,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122381,122382,122386,122400,122404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122383,122384],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122385,2408],{"class":488},[48,122387,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122389,2990],{"class":58},[48,122391,2993],{"class":1767},[48,122393,2996],{"class":62},[48,122395,1887],{"class":66},[48,122397,3001],{"class":62},[48,122399,3004],{"class":58},[48,122401,122402],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122403,2408],{"class":488},[48,122405,122406,122408,122410,122412,122414,122416],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122407,2990],{"class":58},[48,122409,2993],{"class":1767},[48,122411,2996],{"class":62},[48,122413,3144],{"class":66},[48,122415,3001],{"class":62},[48,122417,3004],{"class":58},[1200,122419,122421],{"id":122420},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122423,6395],{},[39,122425,122427],{"className":41,"code":122426,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122428,122429,122437],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122430,122431,122433,122435],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122432,21344],{"class":54},[48,122434,59],{"class":58},[48,122436,44932],{"class":488},[48,122438,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122440,55],{"class":54},[48,122442,59],{"class":58},[48,122444,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122446,91],{"class":84},[48,122448,9011],{"class":87},[48,122450,102],{"class":84},[20,122452,122453],{},"But if you only do this:",[39,122455,122457],{"className":41,"code":122456,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122458,122459,122467],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122460,122461,122463,122465],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122462,21344],{"class":54},[48,122464,59],{"class":58},[48,122466,44932],{"class":488},[48,122468,122469,122471,122473,122475],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122470,3144],{"class":1047},[48,122472,91],{"class":84},[48,122474,9011],{"class":87},[48,122476,102],{"class":84},[20,122478,122479],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1200,122481,758,122483,122485],{"id":122482},"using-str-too-early",[15,122484,47390],{}," too early",[20,122487,122488],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[39,122490,122492],{"className":41,"code":122491,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122493,122494,122502,122517,122521],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122495,122496,122498,122500],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122497,40097],{"class":54},[48,122499,59],{"class":58},[48,122501,2286],{"class":488},[48,122503,122504,122507,122509,122511,122513,122515],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122505,122506],{"class":54},"text_price ",[48,122508,59],{"class":58},[48,122510,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122512,91],{"class":84},[48,122514,24866],{"class":87},[48,122516,102],{"class":84},[48,122518,122519],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122520,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122522,122523],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122524,122525],{"class":129},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122527,122528,122529,1358,122533,122537],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[224,122530,122531],{"href":2573},[15,122532,2576],{},[224,122534,122535],{"href":2579},[15,122536,2582],{},", depending on the situation.",[1200,122539,1379,122541,122544],{"id":122540},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122542,122543],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122546,64337],{},[39,122548,122550],{"className":41,"code":122549,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122551,122552,122584],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122553,122554,122556,122558,122560,122562,122564,122566,122568,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122555,7489],{"class":54},[48,122557,59],{"class":58},[48,122559,3326],{"class":84},[48,122561,94],{"class":62},[48,122563,3785],{"class":66},[48,122565,94],{"class":62},[48,122567,365],{"class":84},[48,122569,63],{"class":62},[48,122571,198],{"class":66},[48,122573,94],{"class":62},[48,122575,365],{"class":84},[48,122577,63],{"class":62},[48,122579,32933],{"class":66},[48,122581,94],{"class":62},[48,122583,3339],{"class":84},[48,122585,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122587,109],{"class":108},[48,122589,91],{"class":84},[48,122591,3144],{"class":1047},[48,122593,91],{"class":84},[48,122595,7520],{"class":87},[48,122597,1034],{"class":84},[20,122599,122600],{},"prints:",[39,122602,122603],{"className":41,"code":72522,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,122604,122605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122606,122607,122609,122611,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122608,3605],{"class":84},[48,122610,3001],{"class":62},[48,122612,3785],{"class":66},[48,122614,3001],{"class":62},[48,122616,365],{"class":84},[48,122618,2996],{"class":62},[48,122620,198],{"class":66},[48,122622,3001],{"class":62},[48,122624,365],{"class":84},[48,122626,2996],{"class":62},[48,122628,32933],{"class":66},[48,122630,3001],{"class":62},[48,122632,3339],{"class":84},[20,122634,122635],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[34,122637,17136],{"id":17135},[20,122639,122640,21691,122642,32],{},[15,122641,47390],{},[565,122643,122644],{},"new string",[20,122646,11170],{},[162,122648,122649,122652,122655],{},[165,122650,122651],{},"It always returns a string",[165,122653,122654],{},"It does not modify the original object",[165,122656,7472,122657,122661],{},[224,122658,122659],{"href":1999},[15,122660,2002],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122663,182],{},[39,122665,122667],{"className":41,"code":122666,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122668,122669,122677,122692,122696,122707],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122670,122671,122673,122675],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122672,2147],{"class":54},[48,122674,59],{"class":58},[48,122676,13845],{"class":488},[48,122678,122679,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122680,122681],{"class":54},"converted ",[48,122683,59],{"class":58},[48,122685,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122687,91],{"class":84},[48,122689,362],{"class":87},[48,122691,102],{"class":84},[48,122693,122694],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122695,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122697,122698,122700,122702,122705],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122699,109],{"class":108},[48,122701,91],{"class":84},[48,122703,122704],{"class":87},"converted",[48,122706,102],{"class":84},[48,122708,122709,122711,122713,122715,122717,122719],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,122710,109],{"class":108},[48,122712,91],{"class":84},[48,122714,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122716,91],{"class":84},[48,122718,122704],{"class":87},[48,122720,1034],{"class":84},[20,122722,122723],{},[565,122724,1037],{},[39,122726,122728],{"className":41,"code":122727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122729,122730,122735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122731,122732],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122733,122734],{"class":488},"99\n",[48,122736,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122738,2990],{"class":58},[48,122740,2993],{"class":1767},[48,122742,2996],{"class":62},[48,122744,3144],{"class":66},[48,122746,3001],{"class":62},[48,122748,3004],{"class":58},[34,122750,113410],{"id":113409},[20,122752,122753,122754,74501],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122755,47390],{},[162,122757,122758,122761,122764,122769],{},[165,122759,122760],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[165,122762,122763],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[165,122765,758,122766,122768],{},[15,122767,47390],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[165,122770,122771],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122773,122774,122775,32],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[224,122776,1179,122777],{"href":90089},[15,122778,90090],{},[34,122780,122782],{"id":122781},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122784,122785],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[39,122787,122789],{"className":41,"code":122788,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122790,122791,122799,122803,122813,122827,122831,122845,122855],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,122792,122793,122795,122797],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,122794,2147],{"class":54},[48,122796,59],{"class":58},[48,122798,44932],{"class":488},[48,122800,122801],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,122802,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122804,122805,122807,122809,122811],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,122806,109],{"class":108},[48,122808,91],{"class":84},[48,122810,362],{"class":87},[48,122812,102],{"class":84},[48,122814,122815,122817,122819,122821,122823,122825],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,122816,109],{"class":108},[48,122818,91],{"class":84},[48,122820,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122822,91],{"class":84},[48,122824,362],{"class":87},[48,122826,1034],{"class":84},[48,122828,122829],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,122830,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,122832,122833,122835,122837,122839,122841,122843],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,122834,122681],{"class":54},[48,122836,59],{"class":58},[48,122838,48611],{"class":1047},[48,122840,91],{"class":84},[48,122842,362],{"class":87},[48,122844,102],{"class":84},[48,122846,122847,122849,122851,122853],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,122848,109],{"class":108},[48,122850,91],{"class":84},[48,122852,122704],{"class":87},[48,122854,102],{"class":84},[48,122856,122857,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,122858,109],{"class":108},[48,122860,91],{"class":84},[48,122862,2921],{"class":1047},[48,122864,91],{"class":84},[48,122866,122704],{"class":87},[48,122868,1034],{"class":84},[20,122870,122871,122872,1888,122874,122876,122877,32],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122873,1887],{},[15,122875,1891],{},", or another type into ",[15,122878,3144],{},[34,122880,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,122882,4849,122884,4852],{"id":122883},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122885,47390],{},[20,122887,122888],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1200,122890,12418,122892,122894],{"id":122891},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122893,47390],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122896,122897],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1200,122899,1579,122901,122903],{"id":122900},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122902,47390],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122905,122906],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1200,122908,94274,122910,122912],{"id":122909},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122911,47390],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122914,122915],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1200,122917,14618,122919,56905,122921,1564],{"id":122918},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122920,47390],{},[15,122922,46158],{},[20,122924,46071,122925,122927,122928,122930],{},[15,122926,47390],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122929,46158],{}," shows output.",[34,122932,1599],{"id":1598},[162,122934,122935,122941,122947,122953,122959,122968,122972],{},[165,122936,122937],{},[224,122938,122939,3210],{"href":46155},[15,122940,46158],{},[165,122942,122943],{},[224,122944,122945,3210],{"href":1999},[15,122946,2002],{},[165,122948,122949],{},[224,122950,122951,3210],{"href":2573},[15,122952,2576],{},[165,122954,122955],{},[224,122956,122957,3210],{"href":2579},[15,122958,2582],{},[165,122960,122961],{},[224,122962,122964,122965,122967],{"href":122963},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122966,1887],{}," to string in Python",[165,122969,122970],{},[224,122971,90367],{"href":89376},[165,122973,122974],{},[224,122975,1629,122976],{"href":90089},[15,122977,90090],{},[1633,122979,122980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":122982},[122983,122984,122986,122987,122993,122995,122997,122999,123008,123009,123010,123011,123023],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":121401,"depth":73,"text":122985},"What str() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":121568,"depth":73,"text":121569,"children":122988},[122989,122990,122991,122992],{"id":121572,"depth":105,"text":121573},{"id":121658,"depth":105,"text":121659},{"id":121745,"depth":105,"text":121746},{"id":121831,"depth":105,"text":121832},{"id":121947,"depth":73,"text":122994},"When to use str()",{"id":122078,"depth":73,"text":122996},"str() vs print()",{"id":122247,"depth":73,"text":122998},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":123000},[123001,123003,123004,123006],{"id":122285,"depth":105,"text":123002},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122420,"depth":105,"text":122421},{"id":122482,"depth":105,"text":123005},"Using str() too early",{"id":122540,"depth":105,"text":123007},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":113409,"depth":73,"text":113410},{"id":122781,"depth":73,"text":122782},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":123012},[123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"id":122883,"depth":105,"text":123014},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122891,"depth":105,"text":123016},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122900,"depth":105,"text":123018},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122909,"depth":105,"text":123020},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122918,"depth":105,"text":123022},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41883,"description":123024},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123031,"title":123032,"body":123033,"description":124479,"extension":1666,"meta":124480,"navigation":122,"path":750,"seo":124481,"stem":124482,"__hash__":124483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123034,"toc":124441},[123035,123040,123045,123048,123070,123072,123133,123135,123148,123154,123159,123164,123166,123179,123190,123192,123219,123221,123237,123244,123255,123257,123262,123264,123276,123284,123293,123295,123298,123351,123353,123361,123369,123373,123378,123418,123420,123428,123431,123433,123473,123475,123483,123493,123499,123502,123575,123577,123590,123594,123599,123627,123630,123665,123667,123675,123678,123682,123686,123688,123704,123706,123746,123748,123756,123765,123808,123810,123818,123820,123824,123830,123833,123873,123875,123883,123888,123891,123934,123938,123941,123976,123981,123983,124022,124031,124039,124049,124057,124061,124066,124068,124109,124111,124119,124124,124127,124130,124148,124154,124158,124163,124166,124206,124208,124213,124312,124315,124331,124333,124352,124354,124361,124364,124369,124372,124378,124382,124388,124391,124397,124400,124402,124438],[10,123036,13,123038,18],{"id":123037},"python-string-count-method",[15,123039,56990],{},[20,123041,22,123042,123044],{},[15,123043,56990],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123046,123047],{},"This reference page explains:",[162,123049,123050,123054,123057,123059,123067],{},[165,123051,25735,123052,152],{},[15,123053,56990],{},[165,123055,123056],{},"its syntax",[165,123058,35106],{},[165,123060,123061,123062,500,123064,123066],{},"how ",[15,123063,390],{},[15,123065,396],{}," work",[165,123068,123069],{},"common beginner mistakes",[34,123071,37],{"id":36},[39,123073,123075],{"className":41,"code":123074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123076,123077,123089,123111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123078,123079,123081,123083,123085,123087],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123080,55],{"class":54},[48,123082,59],{"class":58},[48,123084,63],{"class":62},[48,123086,198],{"class":66},[48,123088,70],{"class":62},[48,123090,123091,123093,123095,123097,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123092,109],{"class":108},[48,123094,91],{"class":84},[48,123096,213],{"class":87},[48,123098,32],{"class":84},[48,123100,40969],{"class":87},[48,123102,91],{"class":84},[48,123104,94],{"class":62},[48,123106,224],{"class":66},[48,123108,94],{"class":62},[48,123110,1034],{"class":84},[48,123112,123113,123115,123117,123119,123121,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,123114,109],{"class":108},[48,123116,91],{"class":84},[48,123118,213],{"class":87},[48,123120,32],{"class":84},[48,123122,40969],{"class":87},[48,123124,91],{"class":84},[48,123126,94],{"class":62},[48,123128,251],{"class":66},[48,123130,94],{"class":62},[48,123132,1034],{"class":84},[20,123134,1037],{},[39,123136,123138],{"className":41,"code":123137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"3\n2\n",[15,123139,123140,123144],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123141,123142],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123143,46323],{"class":488},[48,123145,123146],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123147,16773],{"class":488},[20,123149,139,123150,123153],{},[15,123151,123152],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[34,123155,12710,123157,12713],{"id":123156},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123158,56990],{},[20,123160,123161,123163],{},[15,123162,56990],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123165,160],{},[162,123167,123168,123171,123174,123176],{},[165,123169,123170],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[165,123172,123173],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[165,123175,43365],{},[165,123177,123178],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123180,123181,123182,123184,123185,1888,123187,123189],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123183,268],{}," characters are in ",[15,123186,64965],{},[15,123188,56990],{}," is a simple choice.",[34,123191,340],{"id":339},[39,123193,123195],{"className":41,"code":123194,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123196,123197],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123198,123199,123201,123203,123205,123207,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123200,353],{"class":54},[48,123202,32],{"class":84},[48,123204,40969],{"class":87},[48,123206,91],{"class":84},[48,123208,362],{"class":87},[48,123210,365],{"class":84},[48,123212,368],{"class":87},[48,123214,365],{"class":84},[48,123216,373],{"class":87},[48,123218,102],{"class":84},[1200,123220,17112],{"id":17111},[162,123222,123223,123227,123232],{},[165,123224,123225,385],{},[15,123226,362],{},[165,123228,123229,123231],{},[15,123230,390],{},": optional; where counting begins",[165,123233,123234,123236],{},[15,123235,396],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123238,123239,500,123241,123243],{},[15,123240,390],{},[15,123242,396],{}," work like slice positions:",[162,123245,123246,123251],{},[165,123247,123248,123250],{},[15,123249,390],{}," is included",[165,123252,123253,75427],{},[15,123254,396],{},[34,123256,17136],{"id":17135},[20,123258,123259,123261],{},[15,123260,56990],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123263,1826],{},[162,123265,123266,123271],{},[165,123267,123268,123269],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123270,1764],{},[165,123272,123273,123274],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123275,578],{},[20,123277,40615,123278,4868,123280,1358,123282,32],{},[565,123279,1055],{},[15,123281,3306],{},[15,123283,3379],{},[20,123285,123286,123287,123292],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[224,123288,123290,101284],{"href":123289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123291,3587],{}," is often a better fit.",[34,123294,11187],{"id":11186},[20,123296,123297],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[39,123299,123301],{"className":41,"code":123300,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123302,123303,123315,123337,123341],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123304,123305,123307,123309,123311,123313],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123306,55],{"class":54},[48,123308,59],{"class":58},[48,123310,63],{"class":62},[48,123312,3785],{"class":66},[48,123314,70],{"class":62},[48,123316,123317,123319,123321,123323,123325,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123318,1929],{"class":54},[48,123320,59],{"class":58},[48,123322,81],{"class":54},[48,123324,32],{"class":84},[48,123326,40969],{"class":87},[48,123328,91],{"class":84},[48,123330,94],{"class":62},[48,123332,20],{"class":66},[48,123334,94],{"class":62},[48,123336,102],{"class":84},[48,123338,123339],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,123340,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,123342,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,123344,109],{"class":108},[48,123346,91],{"class":84},[48,123348,1964],{"class":87},[48,123350,102],{"class":84},[20,123352,1037],{},[39,123354,123355],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123356,123357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123358,123359],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123360,16773],{"class":488},[20,123362,63513,123363,123366,123367,32],{},[15,123364,123365],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123368,57533],{},[34,123370,123372],{"id":123371},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123374,123375,123377],{},[15,123376,56990],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[39,123379,123381],{"className":41,"code":123380,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123382,123383,123396],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123384,123385,123387,123389,123391,123394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123386,55],{"class":54},[48,123388,59],{"class":58},[48,123390,63],{"class":62},[48,123392,123393],{"class":66},"cat dog cat bird cat",[48,123395,70],{"class":62},[48,123397,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123399,109],{"class":108},[48,123401,91],{"class":84},[48,123403,213],{"class":87},[48,123405,32],{"class":84},[48,123407,40969],{"class":87},[48,123409,91],{"class":84},[48,123411,94],{"class":62},[48,123413,607],{"class":66},[48,123415,94],{"class":62},[48,123417,1034],{"class":84},[20,123419,1037],{},[39,123421,123422],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123423,123424],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123425,123426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123427,46323],{"class":488},[20,123429,123430],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123432,182],{},[39,123434,123436],{"className":41,"code":123435,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123437,123438,123451],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123439,123440,123442,123444,123446,123449],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123441,55],{"class":54},[48,123443,59],{"class":58},[48,123445,63],{"class":62},[48,123447,123448],{"class":66},"one One one",[48,123450,70],{"class":62},[48,123452,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123454,109],{"class":108},[48,123456,91],{"class":84},[48,123458,213],{"class":87},[48,123460,32],{"class":84},[48,123462,40969],{"class":87},[48,123464,91],{"class":84},[48,123466,94],{"class":62},[48,123468,6293],{"class":66},[48,123470,94],{"class":62},[48,123472,1034],{"class":84},[20,123474,1037],{},[39,123476,123477],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123478,123479],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123480,123481],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123482,16773],{"class":488},[20,123484,123485,123486,123489,123490,123492],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123487,123488],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123491,56990],{}," is case-sensitive.",[34,123494,758,123495,500,123497],{"id":757},[15,123496,390],{},[15,123498,396],{},[20,123500,123501],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[39,123503,123505],{"className":41,"code":123504,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123506,123507,123519,123545],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123508,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123510,55],{"class":54},[48,123512,59],{"class":58},[48,123514,63],{"class":62},[48,123516,198],{"class":66},[48,123518,70],{"class":62},[48,123520,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123522,109],{"class":108},[48,123524,91],{"class":84},[48,123526,213],{"class":87},[48,123528,32],{"class":84},[48,123530,40969],{"class":87},[48,123532,91],{"class":84},[48,123534,94],{"class":62},[48,123536,224],{"class":66},[48,123538,94],{"class":62},[48,123540,365],{"class":84},[48,123542,489],{"class":488},[48,123544,1034],{"class":84},[48,123546,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,123548,109],{"class":108},[48,123550,91],{"class":84},[48,123552,213],{"class":87},[48,123554,32],{"class":84},[48,123556,40969],{"class":87},[48,123558,91],{"class":84},[48,123560,94],{"class":62},[48,123562,224],{"class":66},[48,123564,94],{"class":62},[48,123566,365],{"class":84},[48,123568,489],{"class":488},[48,123570,365],{"class":84},[48,123572,549],{"class":488},[48,123574,1034],{"class":84},[20,123576,1037],{},[39,123578,123580],{"className":41,"code":123579,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"2\n1\n",[15,123581,123582,123586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123583,123584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123585,16773],{"class":488},[48,123587,123588],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123589,46623],{"class":488},[1200,123591,123593],{"id":123592},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123595,123596,123597,503],{},"In ",[15,123598,64965],{},[162,123600,123601,123609,123617],{},[165,123602,70651,123603,123605,123606],{},[15,123604,280],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123607,123608],{},"\"n\"",[165,123610,123611,123614,123615,75724],{},[15,123612,123613],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123616,280],{},[165,123618,123619,123614,123622,123624,123625],{},[15,123620,123621],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123623,280],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123626,1837],{},[20,123628,123629],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[39,123631,123633],{"className":41,"code":123632,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123634,123635,123647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123636,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123638,55],{"class":54},[48,123640,59],{"class":58},[48,123642,63],{"class":62},[48,123644,198],{"class":66},[48,123646,70],{"class":62},[48,123648,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123650,109],{"class":108},[48,123652,91],{"class":84},[48,123654,213],{"class":87},[48,123656,3605],{"class":84},[48,123658,280],{"class":488},[48,123660,503],{"class":84},[48,123662,1837],{"class":488},[48,123664,3593],{"class":84},[20,123666,1037],{},[39,123668,123669],{"className":41,"code":41178,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123670,123671],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123672,123673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123674,41178],{"class":54},[20,123676,123677],{},"Only that section is searched.",[34,123679,123681],{"id":123680},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123683,123684,123492],{},[15,123685,56990],{},[20,123687,570],{},[162,123689,123690,123698],{},[165,123691,123692,500,123694,123697],{},[15,123693,268],{},[15,123695,123696],{},"\"A\""," are different",[165,123699,123700,500,123702,123697],{},[15,123701,64228],{},[15,123703,90102],{},[20,123705,182],{},[39,123707,123709],{"className":41,"code":123708,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123710,123711,123724],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123712,123713,123715,123717,123719,123722],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123714,55],{"class":54},[48,123716,59],{"class":58},[48,123718,63],{"class":62},[48,123720,123721],{"class":66},"Apple apple APPLE",[48,123723,70],{"class":62},[48,123725,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123727,109],{"class":108},[48,123729,91],{"class":84},[48,123731,213],{"class":87},[48,123733,32],{"class":84},[48,123735,40969],{"class":87},[48,123737,91],{"class":84},[48,123739,94],{"class":62},[48,123741,3785],{"class":66},[48,123743,94],{"class":62},[48,123745,1034],{"class":84},[20,123747,1037],{},[39,123749,123750],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123751,123752],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123753,123754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123755,46623],{"class":488},[20,123757,123758,123759,503],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[224,123760,123762],{"href":123761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123763,123764],{},"lower()",[39,123766,123768],{"className":41,"code":123767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123769,123770,123782],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123771,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123773,55],{"class":54},[48,123775,59],{"class":58},[48,123777,63],{"class":62},[48,123779,123721],{"class":66},[48,123781,70],{"class":62},[48,123783,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123785,109],{"class":108},[48,123787,91],{"class":84},[48,123789,213],{"class":87},[48,123791,32],{"class":84},[48,123793,8350],{"class":87},[48,123795,8347],{"class":84},[48,123797,40969],{"class":87},[48,123799,91],{"class":84},[48,123801,94],{"class":62},[48,123803,3785],{"class":66},[48,123805,94],{"class":62},[48,123807,1034],{"class":84},[20,123809,1037],{},[39,123811,123812],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123813,123814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123815,123816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123817,46323],{"class":488},[34,123819,1366],{"id":1365},[20,123821,22810,123822,32],{},[15,123823,56990],{},[1200,123825,1379,123827,123829],{"id":123826},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123828,56990],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123831,123832],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[39,123834,123836],{"className":41,"code":123835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123837,123838,123851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123839,123840,123842,123844,123846,123849],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123841,55],{"class":54},[48,123843,59],{"class":58},[48,123845,63],{"class":62},[48,123847,123848],{"class":66},"Aardvark",[48,123850,70],{"class":62},[48,123852,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123854,109],{"class":108},[48,123856,91],{"class":84},[48,123858,213],{"class":87},[48,123860,32],{"class":84},[48,123862,40969],{"class":87},[48,123864,91],{"class":84},[48,123866,94],{"class":62},[48,123868,224],{"class":66},[48,123870,94],{"class":62},[48,123872,1034],{"class":84},[20,123874,1037],{},[39,123876,123877],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,123878,123879],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123880,123881],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123882,16773],{"class":488},[20,123884,123485,123885,123887],{},[15,123886,123696],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123889,123890],{},"If needed, convert first:",[39,123892,123894],{"className":41,"code":123893,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123895,123896,123908],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123897,123898,123900,123902,123904,123906],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123899,55],{"class":54},[48,123901,59],{"class":58},[48,123903,63],{"class":62},[48,123905,123848],{"class":66},[48,123907,70],{"class":62},[48,123909,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930,123932],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123911,109],{"class":108},[48,123913,91],{"class":84},[48,123915,213],{"class":87},[48,123917,32],{"class":84},[48,123919,8350],{"class":87},[48,123921,8347],{"class":84},[48,123923,40969],{"class":87},[48,123925,91],{"class":84},[48,123927,94],{"class":62},[48,123929,224],{"class":66},[48,123931,94],{"class":62},[48,123933,1034],{"class":84},[1200,123935,123937],{"id":123936},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123939,123940],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[39,123942,123944],{"className":41,"code":123943,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123945,123946,123958],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123947,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123949,55],{"class":54},[48,123951,59],{"class":58},[48,123953,63],{"class":62},[48,123955,198],{"class":66},[48,123957,70],{"class":62},[48,123959,123960,123962,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972,123974],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,123961,109],{"class":108},[48,123963,91],{"class":84},[48,123965,213],{"class":87},[48,123967,32],{"class":84},[48,123969,40969],{"class":87},[48,123971,91],{"class":84},[48,123973,224],{"class":87},[48,123975,1034],{"class":84},[20,123977,123978,123979,32],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123980,224],{},[20,123982,10519],{},[39,123984,123986],{"className":41,"code":123985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123987,123988,124000],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,123989,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,123991,55],{"class":54},[48,123993,59],{"class":58},[48,123995,63],{"class":62},[48,123997,198],{"class":66},[48,123999,70],{"class":62},[48,124001,124002,124004,124006,124008,124010,124012,124014,124016,124018,124020],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124003,109],{"class":108},[48,124005,91],{"class":84},[48,124007,213],{"class":87},[48,124009,32],{"class":84},[48,124011,40969],{"class":87},[48,124013,91],{"class":84},[48,124015,94],{"class":62},[48,124017,224],{"class":66},[48,124019,94],{"class":62},[48,124021,1034],{"class":84},[1200,124023,36914,124025,8415,124027,1358,124029],{"id":124024},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124026,56990],{},[15,124028,1191],{},[15,124030,17],{},[20,124032,139,124033,124035,124036,32],{},[15,124034,56990],{}," when you need the ",[565,124037,124038],{},"number of matches",[20,124040,139,124041,124035,124046,124048],{},[224,124042,124044],{"href":124043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124045,1191],{},[565,124047,114],{}," of the first match.",[20,124050,139,124051,124056],{},[224,124052,124054],{"href":124053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124055,17],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1200,124058,124060],{"id":124059},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124062,124063,124065],{},[15,124064,56990],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124067,182],{},[39,124069,124071],{"className":41,"code":124070,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124072,124073,124086],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124074,124075,124077,124079,124081,124084],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124076,55],{"class":54},[48,124078,59],{"class":58},[48,124080,63],{"class":62},[48,124082,124083],{"class":66},"aaaa",[48,124085,70],{"class":62},[48,124087,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124105,124107],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124089,109],{"class":108},[48,124091,91],{"class":84},[48,124093,213],{"class":87},[48,124095,32],{"class":84},[48,124097,40969],{"class":87},[48,124099,91],{"class":84},[48,124101,94],{"class":62},[48,124103,124104],{"class":66},"aa",[48,124106,94],{"class":62},[48,124108,1034],{"class":84},[20,124110,1037],{},[39,124112,124113],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124114,124115],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124116,124117],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124118,16773],{"class":488},[20,124120,124121,124122,32],{},"It does not return ",[15,124123,1764],{},[20,124125,124126],{},"Why not?",[20,124128,124129],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[162,124131,124132,124141],{},[165,124133,124134,124137,124138],{},[15,124135,124136],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124139,124140],{},"0-1",[165,124142,124143,124137,124145],{},[15,124144,124136],{},[15,124146,124147],{},"2-3",[20,124149,124150,124151,32],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124152,124153],{},"1-2",[34,124155,4667,124156],{"id":58073},[15,124157,56990],{},[20,124159,139,124160,124162],{},[15,124161,56990],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124164,124165],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[162,124167,124168,124177,124187,124197],{},[165,124169,139,124170,124172,124173,124176],{},[15,124171,56990],{}," when you need ",[565,124174,124175],{},"how many times"," something appears",[165,124178,139,124179,124172,124183,124186],{},[224,124180,124181],{"href":124043},[15,124182,1191],{},[565,124184,124185],{},"where"," it appears",[165,124188,47517,124189,124193,124194],{},[224,124190,124191,101284],{"href":123289},[15,124192,3587],{}," when you only need to know ",[565,124195,124196],{},"if it exists",[165,124198,139,124199,124205],{},[224,124200,124202],{"href":124201},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124203,124204],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[34,124207,25658],{"id":25657},[20,124209,8586,124210,124212],{},[15,124211,56990],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[39,124214,124216],{"className":41,"code":124215,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124217,124218,124228,124242,124264,124290],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124219,124220,124222,124224,124226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124221,109],{"class":108},[48,124223,91],{"class":84},[48,124225,213],{"class":87},[48,124227,102],{"class":84},[48,124229,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124231,109],{"class":108},[48,124233,91],{"class":84},[48,124235,2921],{"class":1047},[48,124237,91],{"class":84},[48,124239,213],{"class":87},[48,124241,1034],{"class":84},[48,124243,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260,124262],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124245,109],{"class":108},[48,124247,91],{"class":84},[48,124249,213],{"class":87},[48,124251,32],{"class":84},[48,124253,40969],{"class":87},[48,124255,91],{"class":84},[48,124257,94],{"class":62},[48,124259,224],{"class":66},[48,124261,94],{"class":62},[48,124263,1034],{"class":84},[48,124265,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,124267,109],{"class":108},[48,124269,91],{"class":84},[48,124271,213],{"class":87},[48,124273,32],{"class":84},[48,124275,8350],{"class":87},[48,124277,8347],{"class":84},[48,124279,40969],{"class":87},[48,124281,91],{"class":84},[48,124283,94],{"class":62},[48,124285,224],{"class":66},[48,124287,94],{"class":62},[48,124289,1034],{"class":84},[48,124291,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,124293,109],{"class":108},[48,124295,91],{"class":84},[48,124297,213],{"class":87},[48,124299,32],{"class":84},[48,124301,40969],{"class":87},[48,124303,91],{"class":84},[48,124305,94],{"class":62},[48,124307,251],{"class":66},[48,124309,94],{"class":62},[48,124311,1034],{"class":84},[20,124313,124314],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[162,124316,124317,124320,124325,124328],{},[165,124318,124319],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[165,124321,124322,124324],{},[15,124323,213],{}," not being a string",[165,124326,124327],{},"counting the wrong substring",[165,124329,124330],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124332,58561],{},[162,124334,124335,124338,124341,124344],{},[165,124336,124337],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[165,124339,124340],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[165,124342,124343],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[165,124345,50199,124346,44336,124348,1358,124350,72997],{},[15,124347,56990],{},[15,124349,1191],{},[15,124351,3587],{},[34,124353,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,124355,124357,124358,124360],{"id":124356},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124359,56990],{}," change the original string?",[20,124362,124363],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1200,124365,14618,124367,1592],{"id":124366},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124368,56990],{},[20,124370,124371],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1200,124373,4849,124375,124377],{"id":124374},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124376,56990],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124379,4855,124380,32],{},[15,124381,578],{},[1200,124383,1579,124385,124387],{"id":124384},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124386,56990],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124389,124390],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1200,124392,12418,124394,124396],{"id":124393},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124395,56990],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124398,124399],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[34,124401,1599],{"id":1598},[162,124403,124404,124411,124418,124425,124431],{},[165,124405,124406],{},[224,124407,124408],{"href":124043},[15,124409,124410],{},"Python string find() method",[165,124412,124413],{},[224,124414,124415],{"href":124053},[15,124416,124417],{},"Python string index() method",[165,124419,124420],{},[224,124421,124422],{"href":123761},[15,124423,124424],{},"Python string lower() method",[165,124426,124427],{},[224,124428,124429],{"href":123289},[15,124430,1612],{},[165,124432,124433],{},[224,124434,124435],{"href":124201},[15,124436,124437],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1633,124439,124440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":124442},[124443,124444,124446,124449,124450,124451,124452,124455,124456,124464,124465,124466,124478],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":123156,"depth":73,"text":124445},"What the count() method does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":124447},[124448],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":123371,"depth":73,"text":123372},{"id":757,"depth":73,"text":1644,"children":124453},[124454],{"id":123592,"depth":105,"text":123593},{"id":123680,"depth":73,"text":123681},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":124457},[124458,124460,124461,124463],{"id":123826,"depth":105,"text":124459},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123936,"depth":105,"text":123937},{"id":124024,"depth":105,"text":124462},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124059,"depth":105,"text":124060},{"id":58073,"depth":73,"text":58702},{"id":25657,"depth":73,"text":25658},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":124467},[124468,124470,124472,124474,124476],{"id":124356,"depth":105,"text":124469},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124366,"depth":105,"text":124471},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124374,"depth":105,"text":124473},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124384,"depth":105,"text":124475},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124393,"depth":105,"text":124477},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":123032,"description":124479},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124485,"title":124486,"body":124487,"description":126070,"extension":1666,"meta":126071,"navigation":122,"path":126072,"seo":126073,"stem":126074,"__hash__":126075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124488,"toc":126043},[124489,124492,124495,124592,124601,124603,124622,124626,124629,124632,124645,124648,124677,124682,124687,124745,124747,124780,124786,124790,124793,124796,124825,124828,124855,124858,124861,124865,124868,124875,124938,124940,124958,124961,124965,124968,124971,125013,125016,125060,125063,125066,125070,125075,125078,125121,125123,125146,125149,125182,125185,125234,125244,125248,125251,125254,125283,125286,125297,125299,125358,125361,125365,125368,125371,125386,125395,125398,125432,125435,125462,125465,125472,125474,125477,125479,125482,125496,125505,125507,125534,125538,125541,125555,125558,125617,125621,125624,125651,125654,125681,125689,125692,125752,125754,125787,125791,125794,125813,125818,125867,125872,125874,125877,125936,125953,125955,125959,125967,125971,125974,125978,125984,125988,125997,126001,126004,126006,126040],[10,124490,124486],{"id":124491},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124493,124494],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[39,124496,124498],{"className":41,"code":124497,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124499,124500,124512,124524,124533,124547,124551,124561,124571,124582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124501,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124503,7587],{"class":54},[48,124505,59],{"class":58},[48,124507,63],{"class":62},[48,124509,4710],{"class":66},[48,124511,70],{"class":62},[48,124513,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124515,89691],{"class":54},[48,124517,59],{"class":58},[48,124519,2996],{"class":62},[48,124521,299],{"class":66},[48,124523,29415],{"class":62},[48,124525,124526,124529,124531],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124527,124528],{"class":54},"empty ",[48,124530,59],{"class":58},[48,124532,7592],{"class":62},[48,124534,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,124536,55],{"class":54},[48,124538,59],{"class":58},[48,124540,48611],{"class":1047},[48,124542,91],{"class":84},[48,124544,49953],{"class":488},[48,124546,102],{"class":84},[48,124548,124549],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,124550,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,124552,124553,124555,124557,124559],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,124554,109],{"class":108},[48,124556,91],{"class":84},[48,124558,7377],{"class":87},[48,124560,102],{"class":84},[48,124562,124563,124565,124567,124569],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,124564,109],{"class":108},[48,124566,91],{"class":84},[48,124568,89708],{"class":87},[48,124570,102],{"class":84},[48,124572,124573,124575,124577,124580],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,124574,109],{"class":108},[48,124576,91],{"class":84},[48,124578,124579],{"class":87},"empty",[48,124581,102],{"class":84},[48,124583,124584,124586,124588,124590],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,124585,109],{"class":108},[48,124587,91],{"class":84},[48,124589,213],{"class":87},[48,124591,102],{"class":84},[20,124593,124594,124597,124598,124600],{},[565,124595,124596],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124599,47390],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[34,124602,14878],{"id":14877},[162,124604,124605,124608,124611,124614,124619],{},[165,124606,124607],{},"What a string is in Python",[165,124609,124610],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[165,124612,124613],{},"How to create an empty string",[165,124615,124616,124617],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124618,47390],{},[165,124620,124621],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[34,124623,124625],{"id":124624},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124627,124628],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124630,124631],{},"Strings can contain:",[162,124633,124634,124637,124639,124642],{},[165,124635,124636],{},"Letters",[165,124638,56161],{},[165,124640,124641],{},"Spaces",[165,124643,124644],{},"Symbols",[20,124646,124647],{},"Examples of strings:",[39,124649,124651],{"className":41,"code":124650,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124652,124653,124661,124669],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124654,124655,124657,124659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124656,94],{"class":43035},[48,124658,1008],{"class":43039},[48,124660,70],{"class":43035},[48,124662,124663,124665,124667],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124664,94],{"class":43035},[48,124666,49953],{"class":43039},[48,124668,70],{"class":43035},[48,124670,124671,124673,124675],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124672,94],{"class":43035},[48,124674,88833],{"class":43039},[48,124676,70],{"class":43035},[20,124678,741,124679,124681],{},[15,124680,50003],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124683,124684,124685,503],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124686,2002],{},[39,124688,124690],{"className":41,"code":124689,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124691,124692,124704,124713,124717,124731],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124693,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124695,55],{"class":54},[48,124697,59],{"class":58},[48,124699,63],{"class":62},[48,124701,49953],{"class":66},[48,124703,70],{"class":62},[48,124705,124706,124708,124710],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124707,1916],{"class":54},[48,124709,59],{"class":58},[48,124711,124712],{"class":488}," 123\n",[48,124714,124715],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124716,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,124718,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,124720,109],{"class":108},[48,124722,91],{"class":84},[48,124724,2921],{"class":1047},[48,124726,91],{"class":84},[48,124728,213],{"class":87},[48,124730,1034],{"class":84},[48,124732,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,124734,109],{"class":108},[48,124736,91],{"class":84},[48,124738,2921],{"class":1047},[48,124740,91],{"class":84},[48,124742,1939],{"class":87},[48,124744,1034],{"class":84},[20,124746,1037],{},[39,124748,124750],{"className":41,"code":124749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124751,124752,124766],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124753,124754,124756,124758,124760,124762,124764],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124755,2990],{"class":58},[48,124757,2993],{"class":1767},[48,124759,2996],{"class":62},[48,124761,3144],{"class":66},[48,124763,3001],{"class":62},[48,124765,3004],{"class":58},[48,124767,124768,124770,124772,124774,124776,124778],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124769,2990],{"class":58},[48,124771,2993],{"class":1767},[48,124773,2996],{"class":62},[48,124775,1887],{"class":66},[48,124777,3001],{"class":62},[48,124779,3004],{"class":58},[20,124781,124782,124783,32],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[224,124784,124785],{"href":50680},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[34,124787,124789],{"id":124788},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124791,124792],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124794,124795],{},"You can use single quotes:",[39,124797,124799],{"className":41,"code":124798,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124800,124801,124814],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124802,124803,124806,124808,124810,124812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124804,124805],{"class":54},"greeting ",[48,124807,59],{"class":58},[48,124809,2996],{"class":62},[48,124811,1008],{"class":66},[48,124813,29415],{"class":62},[48,124815,124816,124818,124820,124823],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124817,109],{"class":108},[48,124819,91],{"class":84},[48,124821,124822],{"class":87},"greeting",[48,124824,102],{"class":84},[20,124826,124827],{},"Or double quotes:",[39,124829,124831],{"className":41,"code":124830,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124832,124833,124845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124834,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124836,124805],{"class":54},[48,124838,59],{"class":58},[48,124840,63],{"class":62},[48,124842,1008],{"class":66},[48,124844,70],{"class":62},[48,124846,124847,124849,124851,124853],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124848,109],{"class":108},[48,124850,91],{"class":84},[48,124852,124822],{"class":87},[48,124854,102],{"class":84},[20,124856,124857],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124859,124860],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[34,124862,124864],{"id":124863},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124866,124867],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124869,124870,124871,1358,124873,503],{},"Use either ",[15,124872,5980],{},[15,124874,3478],{},[39,124876,124878],{"className":41,"code":124877,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124879,124880,124889,124898,124902,124913,124924],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124881,124882,124885,124887],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124883,124884],{"class":54},"empty1 ",[48,124886,59],{"class":58},[48,124888,7592],{"class":62},[48,124890,124891,124894,124896],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124892,124893],{"class":54},"empty2 ",[48,124895,59],{"class":58},[48,124897,47202],{"class":62},[48,124899,124900],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124901,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,124903,124904,124906,124908,124911],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,124905,109],{"class":108},[48,124907,91],{"class":84},[48,124909,124910],{"class":87},"empty1",[48,124912,102],{"class":84},[48,124914,124915,124917,124919,124922],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,124916,109],{"class":108},[48,124918,91],{"class":84},[48,124920,124921],{"class":87},"empty2",[48,124923,102],{"class":84},[48,124925,124926,124928,124930,124932,124934,124936],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,124927,109],{"class":108},[48,124929,91],{"class":84},[48,124931,2921],{"class":1047},[48,124933,91],{"class":84},[48,124935,124910],{"class":87},[48,124937,1034],{"class":84},[20,124939,1037],{},[39,124941,124942],{"className":41,"code":45477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,124943,124944],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124945,124946,124948,124950,124952,124954,124956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124947,2990],{"class":58},[48,124949,2993],{"class":1767},[48,124951,2996],{"class":62},[48,124953,3144],{"class":66},[48,124955,3001],{"class":62},[48,124957,3004],{"class":58},[20,124959,124960],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[34,124962,124964],{"id":124963},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124966,124967],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124969,124970],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[39,124972,124974],{"className":41,"code":124973,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124975,124976,124987,124992,124999,125003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,124977,124978,124980,124982,124985],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,124979,89691],{"class":54},[48,124981,59],{"class":58},[48,124983,124984],{"class":62}," \"\"\"",[48,124986,88633],{"class":66},[48,124988,124989],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,124990,124991],{"class":66},"Welcome to Python\n",[48,124993,124994,124997],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,124995,124996],{"class":66},"Have a nice day",[48,124998,43043],{"class":62},[48,125000,125001],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125002,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125004,125005,125007,125009,125011],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125006,109],{"class":108},[48,125008,91],{"class":84},[48,125010,89708],{"class":87},[48,125012,102],{"class":84},[20,125014,125015],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[39,125017,125019],{"className":41,"code":125018,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125020,125021,125033,125038,125046,125050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125022,125023,125025,125027,125030],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125024,89691],{"class":54},[48,125026,59],{"class":58},[48,125028,125029],{"class":62}," '''",[48,125031,125032],{"class":66},"Line 1\n",[48,125034,125035],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125036,125037],{"class":66},"Line 2\n",[48,125039,125040,125043],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125041,125042],{"class":66},"Line 3",[48,125044,125045],{"class":62},"'''\n",[48,125047,125048],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125049,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125051,125052,125054,125056,125058],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125053,109],{"class":108},[48,125055,91],{"class":84},[48,125057,89708],{"class":87},[48,125059,102],{"class":84},[20,125061,125062],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125064,125065],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[34,125067,125069],{"id":125068},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125071,765,125072,125074],{},[15,125073,47390],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125076,125077],{},"Example with a number:",[39,125079,125081],{"className":41,"code":125080,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125082,125083,125097,125107],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125084,125085,125087,125089,125091,125093,125095],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125086,55],{"class":54},[48,125088,59],{"class":58},[48,125090,48611],{"class":1047},[48,125092,91],{"class":84},[48,125094,46232],{"class":488},[48,125096,102],{"class":84},[48,125098,125099,125101,125103,125105],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125100,109],{"class":108},[48,125102,91],{"class":84},[48,125104,213],{"class":87},[48,125106,102],{"class":84},[48,125108,125109,125111,125113,125115,125117,125119],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125110,109],{"class":108},[48,125112,91],{"class":84},[48,125114,2921],{"class":1047},[48,125116,91],{"class":84},[48,125118,213],{"class":87},[48,125120,1034],{"class":84},[20,125122,1037],{},[39,125124,125126],{"className":41,"code":125125,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125127,125128,125132],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125129,125130],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125131,46318],{"class":488},[48,125133,125134,125136,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125135,2990],{"class":58},[48,125137,2993],{"class":1767},[48,125139,2996],{"class":62},[48,125141,3144],{"class":66},[48,125143,3001],{"class":62},[48,125145,3004],{"class":58},[20,125147,125148],{},"You can also convert other values:",[39,125150,125152],{"className":41,"code":125151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125153,125154,125168],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125155,125156,125158,125160,125162,125164,125166],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125157,109],{"class":108},[48,125159,91],{"class":84},[48,125161,3144],{"class":1047},[48,125163,91],{"class":84},[48,125165,3306],{"class":3556},[48,125167,1034],{"class":84},[48,125169,125170,125172,125174,125176,125178,125180],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125171,109],{"class":108},[48,125173,91],{"class":84},[48,125175,3144],{"class":1047},[48,125177,91],{"class":84},[48,125179,39853],{"class":488},[48,125181,1034],{"class":84},[20,125183,125184],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[39,125186,125188],{"className":41,"code":125187,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125189,125190,125198,125220,125224],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125191,125192,125194,125196],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125193,21344],{"class":54},[48,125195,59],{"class":58},[48,125197,44932],{"class":488},[48,125199,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216,125218],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125201,89691],{"class":54},[48,125203,59],{"class":58},[48,125205,63],{"class":62},[48,125207,89109],{"class":66},[48,125209,94],{"class":62},[48,125211,2155],{"class":58},[48,125213,48611],{"class":1047},[48,125215,91],{"class":84},[48,125217,9011],{"class":87},[48,125219,102],{"class":84},[48,125221,125222],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125223,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125227,109],{"class":108},[48,125229,91],{"class":84},[48,125231,89708],{"class":87},[48,125233,102],{"class":84},[20,125235,125236,125237,1358,125241,32],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[224,125238,3277,125239,3210],{"href":41882},[15,125240,47390],{},[224,125242,125243],{"href":122963},"how to convert int to string in Python",[34,125245,125247],{"id":125246},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125249,125250],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125252,125253],{},"Both of these are valid:",[39,125255,125257],{"className":41,"code":125256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125258,125259,125271],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125260,125261,125263,125265,125267,125269],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125262,2253],{"class":54},[48,125264,59],{"class":58},[48,125266,2996],{"class":62},[48,125268,7005],{"class":66},[48,125270,29415],{"class":62},[48,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279,125281],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125274,2281],{"class":54},[48,125276,59],{"class":58},[48,125278,63],{"class":62},[48,125280,7005],{"class":66},[48,125282,70],{"class":62},[20,125284,125285],{},"A common rule is:",[162,125287,125288,125291,125294],{},[165,125289,125290],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[165,125292,125293],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[165,125295,125296],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125298,182],{},[39,125300,125302],{"className":41,"code":125301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125303,125304,125318,125332,125336,125347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125305,125306,125309,125311,125313,125316],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125307,125308],{"class":54},"text1 ",[48,125310,59],{"class":58},[48,125312,63],{"class":62},[48,125314,125315],{"class":66},"It's working",[48,125317,70],{"class":62},[48,125319,125320,125323,125325,125327,125330],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125321,125322],{"class":54},"text2 ",[48,125324,59],{"class":58},[48,125326,2996],{"class":62},[48,125328,125329],{"class":66},"She said \"hello\"",[48,125331,29415],{"class":62},[48,125333,125334],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125335,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125337,125338,125340,125342,125345],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125339,109],{"class":108},[48,125341,91],{"class":84},[48,125343,125344],{"class":87},"text1",[48,125346,102],{"class":84},[48,125348,125349,125351,125353,125356],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125350,109],{"class":108},[48,125352,91],{"class":84},[48,125354,125355],{"class":87},"text2",[48,125357,102],{"class":84},[20,125359,125360],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[34,125362,125364],{"id":125363},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125366,125367],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125369,125370],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[39,125372,125374],{"className":41,"code":125373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125375,125376,125381],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125377,125378],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125379,125380],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error\n",[48,125382,125383],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125384,125385],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125387,125388,125389,35041,125391,125394],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125390,3001],{},[15,125392,125393],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125396,125397],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[39,125399,125401],{"className":41,"code":125400,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125402,125403,125422],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125404,125405,125407,125409,125411,125414,125417,125420],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125406,55],{"class":54},[48,125408,59],{"class":58},[48,125410,2996],{"class":62},[48,125412,125413],{"class":66},"It",[48,125415,125416],{"class":34166},"\\'",[48,125418,125419],{"class":66},"s working",[48,125421,29415],{"class":62},[48,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125425,109],{"class":108},[48,125427,91],{"class":84},[48,125429,213],{"class":87},[48,125431,102],{"class":84},[20,125433,125434],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[39,125436,125438],{"className":41,"code":125437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125439,125440,125452],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125443,55],{"class":54},[48,125445,59],{"class":58},[48,125447,63],{"class":62},[48,125449,125315],{"class":66},[48,125451,70],{"class":62},[48,125453,125454,125456,125458,125460],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125455,109],{"class":108},[48,125457,91],{"class":84},[48,125459,213],{"class":87},[48,125461,102],{"class":84},[20,125463,125464],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125466,125467,125468,32],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[224,125469,125471],{"href":125470},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[34,125473,1366],{"id":1365},[20,125475,125476],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1200,125478,89898],{"id":89897},[20,125480,125481],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[39,125483,125485],{"className":41,"code":125484,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125486,125487,125491],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125488,125489],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125490,125380],{"class":129},[48,125492,125493],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125494,125495],{"class":129},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125497,125498,125499,8311,125502,125504],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125500,125501],{},"NameError",[15,125503,4710],{}," is not defined.",[20,125506,10519],{},[39,125508,125510],{"className":41,"code":125509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125511,125512,125524],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125513,125514,125516,125518,125520,125522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125515,7587],{"class":54},[48,125517,59],{"class":58},[48,125519,63],{"class":62},[48,125521,4710],{"class":66},[48,125523,70],{"class":62},[48,125525,125526,125528,125530,125532],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125527,109],{"class":108},[48,125529,91],{"class":84},[48,125531,7377],{"class":87},[48,125533,102],{"class":84},[1200,125535,125537],{"id":125536},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125539,125540],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[39,125542,125544],{"className":41,"code":125543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125545,125546,125550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125547,125548],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125549,125380],{"class":129},[48,125551,125552],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125553,125554],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125556,125557],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[39,125559,125561],{"className":41,"code":125560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125562,125563,125580,125593,125597,125607],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125564,125565,125567,125569,125571,125573,125575,125578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125566,125308],{"class":54},[48,125568,59],{"class":58},[48,125570,2996],{"class":62},[48,125572,125413],{"class":66},[48,125574,125416],{"class":34166},[48,125576,125577],{"class":66},"s good",[48,125579,29415],{"class":62},[48,125581,125582,125584,125586,125588,125591],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125583,125322],{"class":54},[48,125585,59],{"class":58},[48,125587,63],{"class":62},[48,125589,125590],{"class":66},"It's good",[48,125592,70],{"class":62},[48,125594,125595],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125596,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125598,125599,125601,125603,125605],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125600,109],{"class":108},[48,125602,91],{"class":84},[48,125604,125344],{"class":87},[48,125606,102],{"class":84},[48,125608,125609,125611,125613,125615],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125610,109],{"class":108},[48,125612,91],{"class":84},[48,125614,125355],{"class":87},[48,125616,102],{"class":84},[1200,125618,125620],{"id":125619},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125622,125623],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[39,125625,125627],{"className":41,"code":125626,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125628,125629,125641],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125630,125631,125633,125635,125637,125639],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125632,55],{"class":54},[48,125634,59],{"class":58},[48,125636,124984],{"class":62},[48,125638,1008],{"class":66},[48,125640,43043],{"class":62},[48,125642,125643,125645,125647,125649],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125644,109],{"class":108},[48,125646,91],{"class":84},[48,125648,213],{"class":87},[48,125650,102],{"class":84},[20,125652,125653],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[39,125655,125657],{"className":41,"code":125656,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125658,125659,125671],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125660,125661,125663,125665,125667,125669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125662,55],{"class":54},[48,125664,59],{"class":58},[48,125666,63],{"class":62},[48,125668,1008],{"class":66},[48,125670,70],{"class":62},[48,125672,125673,125675,125677,125679],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125674,109],{"class":108},[48,125676,91],{"class":84},[48,125678,213],{"class":87},[48,125680,102],{"class":84},[1200,125682,1398,125684,500,125686,125688],{"id":125683},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125685,49953],{},[15,125687,50003],{}," are the same type",[20,125690,125691],{},"They are different:",[39,125693,125695],{"className":41,"code":125694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125696,125697,125706,125719,125723,125737],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125698,125699,125702,125704],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125700,125701],{"class":54},"value1 ",[48,125703,59],{"class":58},[48,125705,124712],{"class":488},[48,125707,125708,125711,125713,125715,125717],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125709,125710],{"class":54},"value2 ",[48,125712,59],{"class":58},[48,125714,63],{"class":62},[48,125716,49953],{"class":66},[48,125718,70],{"class":62},[48,125720,125721],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125722,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733,125735],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125726,109],{"class":108},[48,125728,91],{"class":84},[48,125730,2921],{"class":1047},[48,125732,91],{"class":84},[48,125734,84454],{"class":87},[48,125736,1034],{"class":84},[48,125738,125739,125741,125743,125745,125747,125750],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125740,109],{"class":108},[48,125742,91],{"class":84},[48,125744,2921],{"class":1047},[48,125746,91],{"class":84},[48,125748,125749],{"class":87},"value2",[48,125751,1034],{"class":84},[20,125753,1037],{},[39,125755,125757],{"className":41,"code":125756,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125758,125759,125773],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125760,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125762,2990],{"class":58},[48,125764,2993],{"class":1767},[48,125766,2996],{"class":62},[48,125768,1887],{"class":66},[48,125770,3001],{"class":62},[48,125772,3004],{"class":58},[48,125774,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783,125785],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125776,2990],{"class":58},[48,125778,2993],{"class":1767},[48,125780,2996],{"class":62},[48,125782,3144],{"class":66},[48,125784,3001],{"class":62},[48,125786,3004],{"class":58},[1200,125788,125790],{"id":125789},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125792,125793],{},"This causes a type error:",[39,125795,125797],{"className":41,"code":125796,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125798,125799,125803,125808],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125800,125801],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125802,125380],{"class":129},[48,125804,125805],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125806,125807],{"class":129},"# age = 10\n",[48,125809,125810],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125811,125812],{"class":129},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125814,125815,125816,503],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125817,47390],{},[39,125819,125821],{"className":41,"code":125820,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125822,125823,125831,125853,125857],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125824,125825,125827,125829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125826,21344],{"class":54},[48,125828,59],{"class":58},[48,125830,2286],{"class":488},[48,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841,125843,125845,125847,125849,125851],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125834,89691],{"class":54},[48,125836,59],{"class":58},[48,125838,63],{"class":62},[48,125840,89109],{"class":66},[48,125842,94],{"class":62},[48,125844,2155],{"class":58},[48,125846,48611],{"class":1047},[48,125848,91],{"class":84},[48,125850,9011],{"class":87},[48,125852,102],{"class":84},[48,125854,125855],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125856,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125858,125859,125861,125863,125865],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125860,109],{"class":108},[48,125862,91],{"class":84},[48,125864,89708],{"class":87},[48,125866,102],{"class":84},[20,125868,125869,125870,32],{},"For this specific error, see ",[224,125871,90090],{"href":90089},[1200,125873,60406],{"id":60405},[20,125875,125876],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[39,125878,125880],{"className":41,"code":125879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125881,125882,125894,125898,125908,125922],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,125883,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,125885,55],{"class":54},[48,125887,59],{"class":58},[48,125889,63],{"class":62},[48,125891,1008],{"class":66},[48,125893,70],{"class":62},[48,125895,125896],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,125897,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,125899,125900,125902,125904,125906],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,125901,109],{"class":108},[48,125903,91],{"class":84},[48,125905,213],{"class":87},[48,125907,102],{"class":84},[48,125909,125910,125912,125914,125916,125918,125920],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,125911,109],{"class":108},[48,125913,91],{"class":84},[48,125915,2921],{"class":1047},[48,125917,91],{"class":84},[48,125919,213],{"class":87},[48,125921,1034],{"class":84},[48,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125934],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,125925,109],{"class":108},[48,125927,91],{"class":84},[48,125929,1428],{"class":108},[48,125931,91],{"class":84},[48,125933,213],{"class":87},[48,125935,1034],{"class":84},[162,125937,125938,125943,125948],{},[165,125939,125940,45984],{},[15,125941,125942],{},"print(text)",[165,125944,125945,45989],{},[15,125946,125947],{},"print(type(text))",[165,125949,125950,125952],{},[15,125951,1518],{}," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[34,125954,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,125956,125958],{"id":125957},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125960,125961,125962,1358,125965,32],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125963,125964],{},"'hello'",[15,125966,64228],{},[1200,125968,125970],{"id":125969},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125972,125973],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1200,125975,125977],{"id":125976},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125979,139,125980,1358,125982,32],{},[15,125981,5980],{},[15,125983,3478],{},[1200,125985,125987],{"id":125986},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125989,139,125990,125992,125993,1068,125995,32],{},[15,125991,47390],{},", like ",[15,125994,80064],{},[15,125996,41833],{},[1200,125998,126000],{"id":125999},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126002,126003],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[34,126005,1599],{"id":1598},[162,126007,126008,126012,126018,126023,126032,126036],{},[165,126009,126010],{},[224,126011,124785],{"href":50680},[165,126013,126014],{},[224,126015,3277,126016,3210],{"href":41882},[15,126017,47390],{},[165,126019,126020],{},[224,126021,126022],{"href":122963},"How to convert int to string in Python",[165,126024,126025],{},[224,126026,126028,126029,754],{"href":126027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126030,126031],{},"format()",[165,126033,126034],{},[224,126035,125471],{"href":125470},[165,126037,126038],{},[224,126039,90090],{"href":90089},[1633,126041,126042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":126044},[126045,126046,126047,126048,126049,126050,126051,126052,126053,126062,126069],{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":124624,"depth":73,"text":124625},{"id":124788,"depth":73,"text":124789},{"id":124863,"depth":73,"text":124864},{"id":124963,"depth":73,"text":124964},{"id":125068,"depth":73,"text":125069},{"id":125246,"depth":73,"text":125247},{"id":125363,"depth":73,"text":125364},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":126054},[126055,126056,126057,126058,126060,126061],{"id":89897,"depth":105,"text":89898},{"id":125536,"depth":105,"text":125537},{"id":125619,"depth":105,"text":125620},{"id":125683,"depth":105,"text":126059},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125789,"depth":105,"text":125790},{"id":60405,"depth":105,"text":60406},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":126063},[126064,126065,126066,126067,126068],{"id":125957,"depth":105,"text":125958},{"id":125969,"depth":105,"text":125970},{"id":125976,"depth":105,"text":125977},{"id":125986,"depth":105,"text":125987},{"id":125999,"depth":105,"text":126000},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124486,"description":126070},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126077,"title":126078,"body":126079,"description":127992,"extension":1666,"meta":127993,"navigation":122,"path":127994,"seo":127995,"stem":127996,"__hash__":127997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126080,"toc":127953},[126081,126087,126092,126100,126102,126169,126171,126183,126192,126197,126201,126218,126220,126285,126287,126299,126304,126306,126334,126355,126358,126397,126399,126407,126411,126415,126419,126427,126430,126471,126473,126481,126484,126541,126543,126551,126555,126560,126604,126606,126614,126623,126627,126632,126680,126682,126690,126696,126698,126702,126714,126719,126798,126800,126820,126824,126828,126868,126870,126878,126882,126925,126927,126935,126939,126979,126981,126989,126993,127049,127051,127059,127064,127066,127070,127080,127147,127149,127162,127169,127212,127214,127222,127226,127229,127285,127287,127295,127298,127300,127377,127379,127387,127396,127398,127402,127406,127408,127430,127433,127480,127484,127523,127525,127533,127535,127577,127584,127589,127651,127653,127665,127671,127676,127725,127727,127746,127752,127754,127773,127775,127866,127868,127874,127881,127887,127893,127898,127907,127914,127922,127924,127950],[10,126082,13,126084,18],{"id":126083},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126085,126086],{},"endswith()",[20,126088,22,126089,126091],{},[15,126090,126086],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126093,126094,126095,1358,126097,126099],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126096,3306],{},[15,126098,3379],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[34,126101,37],{"id":36},[39,126103,126105],{"className":41,"code":126104,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126106,126107,126121,126146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126108,126109,126112,126114,126116,126119],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126110,126111],{"class":54},"filename ",[48,126113,59],{"class":58},[48,126115,63],{"class":62},[48,126117,126118],{"class":66},"report.csv",[48,126120,70],{"class":62},[48,126122,126123,126125,126127,126130,126132,126135,126137,126139,126142,126144],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126124,109],{"class":108},[48,126126,91],{"class":84},[48,126128,126129],{"class":87},"filename",[48,126131,32],{"class":84},[48,126133,126134],{"class":87},"endswith",[48,126136,91],{"class":84},[48,126138,94],{"class":62},[48,126140,126141],{"class":66},".csv",[48,126143,94],{"class":62},[48,126145,1034],{"class":84},[48,126147,126148,126150,126152,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162,126165,126167],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,126149,109],{"class":108},[48,126151,91],{"class":84},[48,126153,126129],{"class":87},[48,126155,32],{"class":84},[48,126157,126134],{"class":87},[48,126159,91],{"class":84},[48,126161,94],{"class":62},[48,126163,126164],{"class":66},".txt",[48,126166,94],{"class":62},[48,126168,1034],{"class":84},[20,126170,1037],{},[39,126172,126173],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126174,126175,126179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126176,126177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126178,3685],{"class":3556},[48,126180,126181],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126182,3746],{"class":3556},[20,126184,139,126185,5075,126187,1358,126189,126191],{},[15,126186,126086],{},[15,126188,3306],{},[15,126190,3379],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[34,126193,148,126195,152],{"id":126194},"what-endswith-does",[15,126196,126086],{},[20,126198,126199,503],{},[15,126200,126086],{},[162,126202,126203,126206,126212,126215],{},[165,126204,126205],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[165,126207,1270,126208,1358,126210],{},[15,126209,3306],{},[15,126211,3379],{},[165,126213,126214],{},"Does not change the original string",[165,126216,126217],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126219,182],{},[39,126221,126223],{"className":41,"code":126222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126224,126225,126237,126241,126263],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126226,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126228,55],{"class":54},[48,126230,59],{"class":58},[48,126232,63],{"class":62},[48,126234,67],{"class":66},[48,126236,70],{"class":62},[48,126238,126239],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126240,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,126242,126243,126245,126247,126249,126251,126253,126255,126257,126259,126261],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,126244,109],{"class":108},[48,126246,91],{"class":84},[48,126248,213],{"class":87},[48,126250,32],{"class":84},[48,126252,126134],{"class":87},[48,126254,91],{"class":84},[48,126256,94],{"class":62},[48,126258,97],{"class":66},[48,126260,94],{"class":62},[48,126262,1034],{"class":84},[48,126264,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,126266,109],{"class":108},[48,126268,91],{"class":84},[48,126270,213],{"class":87},[48,126272,32],{"class":84},[48,126274,126134],{"class":87},[48,126276,91],{"class":84},[48,126278,94],{"class":62},[48,126280,1008],{"class":66},[48,126282,94],{"class":62},[48,126284,1034],{"class":84},[20,126286,1037],{},[39,126288,126289],{"className":41,"code":43881,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126290,126291,126295],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126292,126293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126294,3685],{"class":3556},[48,126296,126297],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126298,3746],{"class":3556},[20,126300,126301,126302,32],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[224,126303,124785],{"href":50680},[34,126305,340],{"id":339},[39,126307,126309],{"className":41,"code":126308,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126310,126311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126312,126313,126315,126317,126319,126321,126324,126326,126328,126330,126332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126314,353],{"class":54},[48,126316,32],{"class":84},[48,126318,126134],{"class":87},[48,126320,91],{"class":84},[48,126322,126323],{"class":87},"suffix",[48,126325,365],{"class":84},[48,126327,368],{"class":87},[48,126329,365],{"class":84},[48,126331,373],{"class":87},[48,126333,102],{"class":84},[162,126335,126336,126341,126348],{},[165,126337,126338,126340],{},[15,126339,126323],{}," is required",[165,126342,126343,500,126345,126347],{},[15,126344,390],{},[15,126346,396],{}," are optional",[165,126349,126350,500,126352,126354],{},[15,126351,390],{},[15,126353,396],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126356,126357],{},"Basic example:",[39,126359,126361],{"className":41,"code":126360,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126362,126363,126375],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126364,126365,126367,126369,126371,126373],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126366,126111],{"class":54},[48,126368,59],{"class":58},[48,126370,63],{"class":62},[48,126372,86579],{"class":66},[48,126374,70],{"class":62},[48,126376,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126378,109],{"class":108},[48,126380,91],{"class":84},[48,126382,126129],{"class":87},[48,126384,32],{"class":84},[48,126386,126134],{"class":87},[48,126388,91],{"class":84},[48,126390,94],{"class":62},[48,126392,126164],{"class":66},[48,126394,94],{"class":62},[48,126396,1034],{"class":84},[20,126398,1037],{},[39,126400,126401],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126402,126403],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126404,126405],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126406,3685],{"class":3556},[34,126408,126410],{"id":126409},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1200,126412,126413],{"id":126323},[15,126414,126323],{},[20,126416,126417,30461],{},[15,126418,126323],{},[162,126420,126421,126424],{},[165,126422,126423],{},"A single string",[165,126425,126426],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126428,126429],{},"Single suffix:",[39,126431,126433],{"className":41,"code":126432,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126434,126435,126448],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126436,126437,126439,126441,126443,126446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126438,7587],{"class":54},[48,126440,59],{"class":58},[48,126442,63],{"class":62},[48,126444,126445],{"class":66},"image.png",[48,126447,70],{"class":62},[48,126449,126450,126452,126454,126456,126458,126460,126462,126464,126467,126469],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126451,109],{"class":108},[48,126453,91],{"class":84},[48,126455,7377],{"class":87},[48,126457,32],{"class":84},[48,126459,126134],{"class":87},[48,126461,91],{"class":84},[48,126463,94],{"class":62},[48,126465,126466],{"class":66},".png",[48,126468,94],{"class":62},[48,126470,1034],{"class":84},[20,126472,1037],{},[39,126474,126475],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126476,126477],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126478,126479],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126480,3685],{"class":3556},[20,126482,126483],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[39,126485,126487],{"className":41,"code":126486,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126488,126489,126501],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126490,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126492,7587],{"class":54},[48,126494,59],{"class":58},[48,126496,63],{"class":62},[48,126498,126445],{"class":66},[48,126500,70],{"class":62},[48,126502,126503,126505,126507,126509,126511,126513,126515,126517,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530,126532,126534,126537,126539],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126504,109],{"class":108},[48,126506,91],{"class":84},[48,126508,7377],{"class":87},[48,126510,32],{"class":84},[48,126512,126134],{"class":87},[48,126514,5217],{"class":84},[48,126516,94],{"class":62},[48,126518,126519],{"class":66},".jpg",[48,126521,94],{"class":62},[48,126523,365],{"class":84},[48,126525,63],{"class":62},[48,126527,126466],{"class":66},[48,126529,94],{"class":62},[48,126531,365],{"class":84},[48,126533,63],{"class":62},[48,126535,126536],{"class":66},".gif",[48,126538,94],{"class":62},[48,126540,2610],{"class":84},[20,126542,1037],{},[39,126544,126545],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126546,126547],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126548,126549],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126550,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,126552,126553],{"id":390},[15,126554,390],{},[20,126556,126557,126559],{},[15,126558,390],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[39,126561,126563],{"className":41,"code":126562,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126564,126565,126578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126566,126567,126569,126571,126573,126576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126568,55],{"class":54},[48,126570,59],{"class":58},[48,126572,63],{"class":62},[48,126574,126575],{"class":66},"my_report.csv",[48,126577,70],{"class":62},[48,126579,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126581,109],{"class":108},[48,126583,91],{"class":84},[48,126585,213],{"class":87},[48,126587,32],{"class":84},[48,126589,126134],{"class":87},[48,126591,91],{"class":84},[48,126593,94],{"class":62},[48,126595,126141],{"class":66},[48,126597,94],{"class":62},[48,126599,365],{"class":84},[48,126601,2152],{"class":488},[48,126603,1034],{"class":84},[20,126605,1037],{},[39,126607,126608],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126609,126610],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126611,126612],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126613,3685],{"class":3556},[20,126615,126616,126617,126619,126620,32],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126618,1764],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126621,126622],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1200,126624,126625],{"id":396},[15,126626,396],{},[20,126628,126629,126631],{},[15,126630,396],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[39,126633,126635],{"className":41,"code":126634,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126636,126637,126650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126638,126639,126641,126643,126645,126648],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126640,55],{"class":54},[48,126642,59],{"class":58},[48,126644,63],{"class":62},[48,126646,126647],{"class":66},"report.csv backup",[48,126649,70],{"class":62},[48,126651,126652,126654,126656,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126653,109],{"class":108},[48,126655,91],{"class":84},[48,126657,213],{"class":87},[48,126659,32],{"class":84},[48,126661,126134],{"class":87},[48,126663,91],{"class":84},[48,126665,94],{"class":62},[48,126667,126141],{"class":66},[48,126669,94],{"class":62},[48,126671,365],{"class":84},[48,126673,961],{"class":488},[48,126675,365],{"class":84},[48,126677,5712],{"class":488},[48,126679,1034],{"class":84},[20,126681,1037],{},[39,126683,126684],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126685,126686],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126687,126688],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126689,3685],{"class":3556},[20,126691,126692,126693,126695],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126694,126622],{}," and ignores the rest.",[34,126697,17136],{"id":17135},[20,126699,126700,25225],{},[15,126701,126086],{},[162,126703,126704,126709],{},[165,126705,126706,126708],{},[15,126707,3306],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[165,126710,126711,126713],{},[15,126712,3379],{}," if it does not",[20,126715,126716,126717,6880],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126718,6705],{},[39,126720,126722],{"className":41,"code":126721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126723,126724,126737,126741,126762,126777,126783],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126725,126726,126728,126730,126732,126735],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126727,126111],{"class":54},[48,126729,59],{"class":58},[48,126731,63],{"class":62},[48,126733,126734],{"class":66},"data.csv",[48,126736,70],{"class":62},[48,126738,126739],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126740,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,126742,126743,126745,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,126744,6705],{"class":1107},[48,126746,126747],{"class":54}," filename",[48,126749,32],{"class":84},[48,126751,126134],{"class":87},[48,126753,91],{"class":84},[48,126755,94],{"class":62},[48,126757,126141],{"class":66},[48,126759,94],{"class":62},[48,126761,8053],{"class":84},[48,126763,126764,126766,126768,126770,126773,126775],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,126765,1138],{"class":108},[48,126767,91],{"class":84},[48,126769,94],{"class":62},[48,126771,126772],{"class":66},"This is a CSV file.",[48,126774,94],{"class":62},[48,126776,102],{"class":84},[48,126778,126779,126781],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,126780,27150],{"class":1107},[48,126782,1110],{"class":84},[48,126784,126785,126787,126789,126791,126794,126796],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,126786,1138],{"class":108},[48,126788,91],{"class":84},[48,126790,94],{"class":62},[48,126792,126793],{"class":66},"This is not a CSV file.",[48,126795,94],{"class":62},[48,126797,102],{"class":84},[20,126799,1037],{},[39,126801,126803],{"className":41,"code":126802,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126804,126805],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126806,126807,126809,126811,126813,126816,126818],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126808,49586],{"class":54},[48,126810,11907],{"class":58},[48,126812,44251],{"class":54},[48,126814,126815],{"class":34166},"CSV",[48,126817,86320],{"class":86319},[48,126819,122070],{"class":84},[34,126821,126823],{"id":126822},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1200,126825,126827],{"id":126826},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[39,126829,126831],{"className":41,"code":126830,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126832,126833,126846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126834,126835,126837,126839,126841,126844],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126836,126111],{"class":54},[48,126838,59],{"class":58},[48,126840,63],{"class":62},[48,126842,126843],{"class":66},"sales.csv",[48,126845,70],{"class":62},[48,126847,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126849,109],{"class":108},[48,126851,91],{"class":84},[48,126853,126129],{"class":87},[48,126855,32],{"class":84},[48,126857,126134],{"class":87},[48,126859,91],{"class":84},[48,126861,94],{"class":62},[48,126863,126141],{"class":66},[48,126865,94],{"class":62},[48,126867,1034],{"class":84},[20,126869,1037],{},[39,126871,126872],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126873,126874],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126875,126876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126877,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,126879,126881],{"id":126880},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[39,126883,126885],{"className":41,"code":126884,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126886,126887,126901],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126888,126889,126892,126894,126896,126899],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126890,126891],{"class":54},"url ",[48,126893,59],{"class":58},[48,126895,63],{"class":62},[48,126897,126898],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[48,126900,70],{"class":62},[48,126902,126903,126905,126907,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126921,126923],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126904,109],{"class":108},[48,126906,91],{"class":84},[48,126908,126909],{"class":87},"url",[48,126911,32],{"class":84},[48,126913,126134],{"class":87},[48,126915,91],{"class":84},[48,126917,94],{"class":62},[48,126919,126920],{"class":66},"\u002F",[48,126922,94],{"class":62},[48,126924,1034],{"class":84},[20,126926,1037],{},[39,126928,126929],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126930,126931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126932,126933],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126934,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,126936,126938],{"id":126937},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[39,126940,126942],{"className":41,"code":126941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126943,126944,126957],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126945,126946,126948,126950,126952,126955],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126947,89691],{"class":54},[48,126949,59],{"class":58},[48,126951,63],{"class":62},[48,126953,126954],{"class":66},"Hello!",[48,126956,70],{"class":62},[48,126958,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126973,126975,126977],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,126960,109],{"class":108},[48,126962,91],{"class":84},[48,126964,89708],{"class":87},[48,126966,32],{"class":84},[48,126968,126134],{"class":87},[48,126970,91],{"class":84},[48,126972,94],{"class":62},[48,126974,89532],{"class":66},[48,126976,94],{"class":62},[48,126978,1034],{"class":84},[20,126980,1037],{},[39,126982,126983],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,126984,126985],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126986,126987],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,126988,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,126990,126992],{"id":126991},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[39,126994,126996],{"className":41,"code":126995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126997,126998,127011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127001,126111],{"class":54},[48,127003,59],{"class":58},[48,127005,63],{"class":62},[48,127007,127008],{"class":66},"photo.jpg",[48,127010,70],{"class":62},[48,127012,127013,127015,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127014,109],{"class":108},[48,127016,91],{"class":84},[48,127018,126129],{"class":87},[48,127020,32],{"class":84},[48,127022,126134],{"class":87},[48,127024,5217],{"class":84},[48,127026,94],{"class":62},[48,127028,126519],{"class":66},[48,127030,94],{"class":62},[48,127032,365],{"class":84},[48,127034,63],{"class":62},[48,127036,126466],{"class":66},[48,127038,94],{"class":62},[48,127040,365],{"class":84},[48,127042,63],{"class":62},[48,127044,126536],{"class":66},[48,127046,94],{"class":62},[48,127048,2610],{"class":84},[20,127050,1037],{},[39,127052,127053],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127054,127055],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127056,127057],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127058,3685],{"class":3556},[20,127060,127061,127062,32],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[224,127063,1362],{"href":123289},[34,127065,123681],{"id":123680},[20,127067,127068,123492],{},[15,127069,126086],{},[20,127071,127072,127073,500,127076,127079],{},"That means ",[15,127074,127075],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127077,127078],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[39,127081,127083],{"className":41,"code":127082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127084,127085,127098,127102,127124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127086,127087,127089,127091,127093,127096],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127088,126111],{"class":54},[48,127090,59],{"class":58},[48,127092,63],{"class":62},[48,127094,127095],{"class":66},"REPORT.CSV",[48,127097,70],{"class":62},[48,127099,127100],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127101,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,127103,127104,127106,127108,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,127105,109],{"class":108},[48,127107,91],{"class":84},[48,127109,126129],{"class":87},[48,127111,32],{"class":84},[48,127113,126134],{"class":87},[48,127115,91],{"class":84},[48,127117,94],{"class":62},[48,127119,126141],{"class":66},[48,127121,94],{"class":62},[48,127123,1034],{"class":84},[48,127125,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127143,127145],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,127127,109],{"class":108},[48,127129,91],{"class":84},[48,127131,126129],{"class":87},[48,127133,32],{"class":84},[48,127135,126134],{"class":87},[48,127137,91],{"class":84},[48,127139,94],{"class":62},[48,127141,127142],{"class":66},".CSV",[48,127144,94],{"class":62},[48,127146,1034],{"class":84},[20,127148,1037],{},[39,127150,127152],{"className":41,"code":127151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127153,127154,127158],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127155,127156],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127157,3746],{"class":3556},[48,127159,127160],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127161,3685],{"class":3556},[20,127163,127164,127165,32],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[224,127166,127167],{"href":123761},[15,127168,123764],{},[39,127170,127172],{"className":41,"code":127171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127173,127174,127186],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127175,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127177,126111],{"class":54},[48,127179,59],{"class":58},[48,127181,63],{"class":62},[48,127183,127095],{"class":66},[48,127185,70],{"class":62},[48,127187,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127189,109],{"class":108},[48,127191,91],{"class":84},[48,127193,126129],{"class":87},[48,127195,32],{"class":84},[48,127197,8350],{"class":87},[48,127199,8347],{"class":84},[48,127201,126134],{"class":87},[48,127203,91],{"class":84},[48,127205,94],{"class":62},[48,127207,126141],{"class":66},[48,127209,94],{"class":62},[48,127211,1034],{"class":84},[20,127213,1037],{},[39,127215,127216],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127217,127218],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127219,127220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127221,3685],{"class":3556},[34,127223,127225],{"id":127224},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127227,127228],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[39,127230,127232],{"className":41,"code":127231,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127233,127234,127247],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127235,127236,127238,127240,127242,127245],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127237,126111],{"class":54},[48,127239,59],{"class":58},[48,127241,63],{"class":62},[48,127243,127244],{"class":66},"picture.gif",[48,127246,70],{"class":62},[48,127248,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127250,109],{"class":108},[48,127252,91],{"class":84},[48,127254,126129],{"class":87},[48,127256,32],{"class":84},[48,127258,126134],{"class":87},[48,127260,5217],{"class":84},[48,127262,94],{"class":62},[48,127264,126519],{"class":66},[48,127266,94],{"class":62},[48,127268,365],{"class":84},[48,127270,63],{"class":62},[48,127272,126466],{"class":66},[48,127274,94],{"class":62},[48,127276,365],{"class":84},[48,127278,63],{"class":62},[48,127280,126536],{"class":66},[48,127282,94],{"class":62},[48,127284,2610],{"class":84},[20,127286,1037],{},[39,127288,127289],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127290,127291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127292,127293],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127294,3685],{"class":3556},[20,127296,127297],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127299,51781],{},[39,127301,127303],{"className":41,"code":127302,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127304,127305,127318,127353,127357],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127306,127307,127310,127312,127314,127316],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127308,127309],{"class":54},"document ",[48,127311,59],{"class":58},[48,127313,63],{"class":62},[48,127315,86579],{"class":66},[48,127317,70],{"class":62},[48,127319,127320,127323,127325,127327,127329,127331,127333,127335,127337,127340,127342,127344,127346,127349,127351],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127321,127322],{"class":54},"allowed ",[48,127324,59],{"class":58},[48,127326,8948],{"class":84},[48,127328,94],{"class":62},[48,127330,126164],{"class":66},[48,127332,94],{"class":62},[48,127334,365],{"class":84},[48,127336,63],{"class":62},[48,127338,127339],{"class":66},".md",[48,127341,94],{"class":62},[48,127343,365],{"class":84},[48,127345,63],{"class":62},[48,127347,127348],{"class":66},".docx",[48,127350,94],{"class":62},[48,127352,102],{"class":84},[48,127354,127355],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,127356,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,127358,127359,127361,127363,127366,127368,127370,127372,127375],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,127360,109],{"class":108},[48,127362,91],{"class":84},[48,127364,127365],{"class":87},"document",[48,127367,32],{"class":84},[48,127369,126134],{"class":87},[48,127371,91],{"class":84},[48,127373,127374],{"class":87},"allowed",[48,127376,1034],{"class":84},[20,127378,1037],{},[39,127380,127381],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127382,127383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127384,127385],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127386,3685],{"class":3556},[20,127388,127389,127390,32],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[224,127391,126028,127393,754],{"href":127392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127394,127395],{},"startswith()",[34,127397,1366],{"id":1365},[20,127399,8158,127400,32],{},[15,127401,126086],{},[1200,127403,127405],{"id":127404},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127407,4232],{},[39,127409,127411],{"className":41,"code":127410,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127412,127413,127425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127414,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127416,126111],{"class":54},[48,127418,59],{"class":58},[48,127420,63],{"class":62},[48,127422,127008],{"class":66},[48,127424,70],{"class":62},[48,127426,127427],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127428,127429],{"class":129},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127431,127432],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[39,127434,127436],{"className":41,"code":127435,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127437,127438,127450],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127441,126111],{"class":54},[48,127443,59],{"class":58},[48,127445,63],{"class":62},[48,127447,127008],{"class":66},[48,127449,70],{"class":62},[48,127451,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127453,109],{"class":108},[48,127455,91],{"class":84},[48,127457,126129],{"class":87},[48,127459,32],{"class":84},[48,127461,126134],{"class":87},[48,127463,5217],{"class":84},[48,127465,94],{"class":62},[48,127467,126519],{"class":66},[48,127469,94],{"class":62},[48,127471,365],{"class":84},[48,127473,63],{"class":62},[48,127475,126466],{"class":66},[48,127477,94],{"class":62},[48,127479,2610],{"class":84},[1200,127481,127483],{"id":127482},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[39,127485,127487],{"className":41,"code":127486,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127488,127489,127501],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127490,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127492,126111],{"class":54},[48,127494,59],{"class":58},[48,127496,63],{"class":62},[48,127498,127095],{"class":66},[48,127500,70],{"class":62},[48,127502,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127504,109],{"class":108},[48,127506,91],{"class":84},[48,127508,126129],{"class":87},[48,127510,32],{"class":84},[48,127512,126134],{"class":87},[48,127514,91],{"class":84},[48,127516,94],{"class":62},[48,127518,126141],{"class":66},[48,127520,94],{"class":62},[48,127522,1034],{"class":84},[20,127524,1037],{},[39,127526,127527],{"className":41,"code":3746,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127528,127529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127530,127531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127532,3746],{"class":3556},[20,127534,38971],{},[39,127536,127537],{"className":41,"code":127171,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127538,127539,127551],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127540,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127542,126111],{"class":54},[48,127544,59],{"class":58},[48,127546,63],{"class":62},[48,127548,127095],{"class":66},[48,127550,70],{"class":62},[48,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571,127573,127575],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127554,109],{"class":108},[48,127556,91],{"class":84},[48,127558,126129],{"class":87},[48,127560,32],{"class":84},[48,127562,8350],{"class":87},[48,127564,8347],{"class":84},[48,127566,126134],{"class":87},[48,127568,91],{"class":84},[48,127570,94],{"class":62},[48,127572,126141],{"class":66},[48,127574,94],{"class":62},[48,127576,1034],{"class":84},[1200,127578,36914,127580,8415,127582],{"id":127579},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127581,126086],{},[15,127583,3587],{},[20,127585,127586,127588],{},[15,127587,126086],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[39,127590,127592],{"className":41,"code":127591,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127593,127594,127607,127611,127633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127595,127596,127598,127600,127602,127605],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127597,55],{"class":54},[48,127599,59],{"class":58},[48,127601,63],{"class":62},[48,127603,127604],{"class":66},"my_report.csv.backup",[48,127606,70],{"class":62},[48,127608,127609],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127610,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,127612,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,127614,109],{"class":108},[48,127616,91],{"class":84},[48,127618,213],{"class":87},[48,127620,32],{"class":84},[48,127622,126134],{"class":87},[48,127624,91],{"class":84},[48,127626,94],{"class":62},[48,127628,126141],{"class":66},[48,127630,94],{"class":62},[48,127632,1034],{"class":84},[48,127634,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,127636,109],{"class":108},[48,127638,91],{"class":84},[48,127640,94],{"class":62},[48,127642,126141],{"class":66},[48,127644,94],{"class":62},[48,127646,20889],{"class":1107},[48,127648,81],{"class":87},[48,127650,102],{"class":84},[20,127652,1037],{},[39,127654,127655],{"className":41,"code":127151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,127656,127657,127661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127658,127659],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127660,3746],{"class":3556},[48,127662,127663],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127664,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,127666,1379,127668,127670],{"id":127667},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127669,126086],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127672,127673,127675],{},[15,127674,126086],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[39,127677,127679],{"className":41,"code":127678,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127680,127681,127693,127715],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127682,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127684,126111],{"class":54},[48,127686,59],{"class":58},[48,127688,63],{"class":62},[48,127690,126118],{"class":66},[48,127692,70],{"class":62},[48,127694,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127696,109],{"class":108},[48,127698,91],{"class":84},[48,127700,126129],{"class":87},[48,127702,32],{"class":84},[48,127704,126134],{"class":87},[48,127706,91],{"class":84},[48,127708,94],{"class":62},[48,127710,126141],{"class":66},[48,127712,94],{"class":62},[48,127714,1034],{"class":84},[48,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,127718,109],{"class":108},[48,127720,91],{"class":84},[48,127722,126129],{"class":87},[48,127724,102],{"class":84},[20,127726,1037],{},[39,127728,127730],{"className":41,"code":127729,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127731,127732,127736],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127733,127734],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127735,3685],{"class":3556},[48,127737,127738,127741,127743],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127739,127740],{"class":54},"report",[48,127742,32],{"class":84},[48,127744,127745],{"class":24466},"csv\n",[20,127747,127748,127749,32],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[224,127750,127751],{"href":124201},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127753,65750],{},[162,127755,127756,127759,127762,127765],{},[165,127757,127758],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[165,127760,127761],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[165,127763,127764],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[165,127766,758,127767,44336,127769,1358,127771,111235],{},[15,127768,126086],{},[15,127770,124204],{},[15,127772,41363],{},[20,127774,29848],{},[39,127776,127778],{"className":41,"code":127777,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127779,127780,127790,127804,127826,127852],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,127781,127782,127784,127786,127788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,127783,109],{"class":108},[48,127785,91],{"class":84},[48,127787,213],{"class":87},[48,127789,102],{"class":84},[48,127791,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,127793,109],{"class":108},[48,127795,91],{"class":84},[48,127797,1428],{"class":108},[48,127799,91],{"class":84},[48,127801,213],{"class":87},[48,127803,1034],{"class":84},[48,127805,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,127807,109],{"class":108},[48,127809,91],{"class":84},[48,127811,213],{"class":87},[48,127813,32],{"class":84},[48,127815,126134],{"class":87},[48,127817,91],{"class":84},[48,127819,3001],{"class":62},[48,127821,126141],{"class":66},[48,127823,3001],{"class":62},[48,127825,1034],{"class":84},[48,127827,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,127829,109],{"class":108},[48,127831,91],{"class":84},[48,127833,213],{"class":87},[48,127835,32],{"class":84},[48,127837,8350],{"class":87},[48,127839,8347],{"class":84},[48,127841,126134],{"class":87},[48,127843,91],{"class":84},[48,127845,3001],{"class":62},[48,127847,126141],{"class":66},[48,127849,3001],{"class":62},[48,127851,1034],{"class":84},[48,127853,127854,127856,127858,127860,127862,127864],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,127855,109],{"class":108},[48,127857,91],{"class":84},[48,127859,2921],{"class":1047},[48,127861,91],{"class":84},[48,127863,213],{"class":87},[48,127865,1034],{"class":84},[34,127867,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,127869,12418,127871,127873],{"id":127870},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127872,126086],{}," change the string?",[20,127875,127876,127877,1358,127879,32],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127878,3306],{},[15,127880,3379],{},[1200,127882,1579,127884,127886],{"id":127883},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127885,126086],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127888,127889,127890,32],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127891,127892],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1200,127894,14618,127896,1592],{"id":127895},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127897,126086],{},[20,127899,127900,127901,1358,127903,127906],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127902,123764],{},[15,127904,127905],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1200,127908,1559,127910,500,127912,1564],{"id":127909},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127911,126086],{},[15,127913,1191],{},[20,127915,127916,127918,127919,127921],{},[15,127917,126086],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127920,1191],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[34,127923,1599],{"id":1598},[162,127925,127926,127932,127938,127942,127946],{},[165,127927,127928],{},[224,127929,126028,127930,754],{"href":127392},[15,127931,127395],{},[165,127933,127934],{},[224,127935,126028,127936,754],{"href":123761},[15,127937,123764],{},[165,127939,127940],{},[224,127941,1612],{"href":123289},[165,127943,127944],{},[224,127945,124437],{"href":124201},[165,127947,127948],{},[224,127949,124785],{"href":50680},[1633,127951,127952],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":127954},[127955,127956,127958,127959,127964,127965,127971,127972,127973,127981,127991],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":126194,"depth":73,"text":127957},"What endswith() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":126409,"depth":73,"text":126410,"children":127960},[127961,127962,127963],{"id":126323,"depth":105,"text":126323},{"id":390,"depth":105,"text":390},{"id":396,"depth":105,"text":396},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":126822,"depth":73,"text":126823,"children":127966},[127967,127968,127969,127970],{"id":126826,"depth":105,"text":126827},{"id":126880,"depth":105,"text":126881},{"id":126937,"depth":105,"text":126938},{"id":126991,"depth":105,"text":126992},{"id":123680,"depth":73,"text":123681},{"id":127224,"depth":73,"text":127225},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":127974},[127975,127976,127977,127979],{"id":127404,"depth":105,"text":127405},{"id":127482,"depth":105,"text":127483},{"id":127579,"depth":105,"text":127978},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127667,"depth":105,"text":127980},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":127982},[127983,127985,127987,127989],{"id":127870,"depth":105,"text":127984},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127883,"depth":105,"text":127986},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127895,"depth":105,"text":127988},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127909,"depth":105,"text":127990},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126078,"description":127992},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127999,"title":128000,"body":128001,"description":129660,"extension":1666,"meta":129661,"navigation":122,"path":1064,"seo":129662,"stem":129663,"__hash__":129664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128002,"toc":129633},[128003,128008,128013,128018,128023,128115,128125,128130,128135,128150,128152,128234,128240,128242,128244,128271,128273,128288,128295,128297,128404,128406,128411,128427,128429,128524,128532,128535,128541,128546,128551,128558,128697,128700,128713,128715,128719,128726,128796,128799,128848,128855,128862,128876,128881,128886,128932,128978,128993,128995,129000,129014,129017,129139,129144,129146,129151,129184,129187,129263,129265,129274,129288,129291,129375,129378,129489,129492,129520,129522,129528,129532,129538,129541,129547,129549,129556,129567,129573,129580,129582,129630],[10,128004,13,128006,18],{"id":128005},"python-string-find-method",[15,128007,1191],{},[20,128009,22,128010,128012],{},[15,128011,1191],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128014,128015,128016,32],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128017,1071],{},[20,128019,139,128020,128022],{},[15,128021,1191],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[39,128024,128026],{"className":41,"code":128025,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128027,128028,128040,128062,128075,128079,128102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128031,55],{"class":54},[48,128033,59],{"class":58},[48,128035,63],{"class":62},[48,128037,67],{"class":66},[48,128039,70],{"class":62},[48,128041,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128043,76],{"class":54},[48,128045,59],{"class":58},[48,128047,81],{"class":54},[48,128049,32],{"class":84},[48,128051,1261],{"class":87},[48,128053,91],{"class":84},[48,128055,94],{"class":62},[48,128057,97],{"class":66},[48,128059,94],{"class":62},[48,128061,102],{"class":84},[48,128063,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128065,109],{"class":108},[48,128067,91],{"class":84},[48,128069,114],{"class":87},[48,128071,3366],{"class":84},[48,128073,128074],{"class":129},"   # 6\n",[48,128076,128077],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128078,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128080,128081,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,128082,128083],{"class":54},"missing ",[48,128085,59],{"class":58},[48,128087,81],{"class":54},[48,128089,32],{"class":84},[48,128091,1261],{"class":87},[48,128093,91],{"class":84},[48,128095,94],{"class":62},[48,128097,43],{"class":66},[48,128099,94],{"class":62},[48,128101,102],{"class":84},[48,128103,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,128105,109],{"class":108},[48,128107,91],{"class":84},[48,128109,26489],{"class":87},[48,128111,3366],{"class":84},[48,128113,128114],{"class":129},"    # -1\n",[43287,128116,128117],{},[20,128118,139,128119,128121,128122,128124],{},[15,128120,1191],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128123,1071],{}," if the substring is not found.",[34,128126,148,128128,152],{"id":128127},"what-find-does",[15,128129,1191],{},[20,128131,128132,128134],{},[15,128133,1191],{}," is a string method that:",[162,128136,128137,128140,128143,128148],{},[165,128138,128139],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[165,128141,128142],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[165,128144,1270,128145,128147],{},[15,128146,1071],{}," if no match is found",[165,128149,126214],{},[20,128151,182],{},[39,128153,128155],{"className":41,"code":128154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128156,128157,128169,128173,128197,128221],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128158,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128160,55],{"class":54},[48,128162,59],{"class":58},[48,128164,63],{"class":62},[48,128166,198],{"class":66},[48,128168,70],{"class":62},[48,128170,128171],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128172,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128174,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128176,109],{"class":108},[48,128178,91],{"class":84},[48,128180,213],{"class":87},[48,128182,32],{"class":84},[48,128184,1261],{"class":87},[48,128186,91],{"class":84},[48,128188,94],{"class":62},[48,128190,251],{"class":66},[48,128192,94],{"class":62},[48,128194,229],{"class":84},[48,128196,57345],{"class":129},[48,128198,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128200,109],{"class":108},[48,128202,91],{"class":84},[48,128204,213],{"class":87},[48,128206,32],{"class":84},[48,128208,1261],{"class":87},[48,128210,91],{"class":84},[48,128212,94],{"class":62},[48,128214,1873],{"class":66},[48,128216,94],{"class":62},[48,128218,229],{"class":84},[48,128220,128114],{"class":129},[48,128222,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,128224,109],{"class":108},[48,128226,91],{"class":84},[48,128228,213],{"class":87},[48,128230,3366],{"class":84},[48,128232,128233],{"class":129},"              # banana\n",[20,128235,20487,128236,269,128238,32],{},[15,128237,277],{},[15,128239,280],{},[34,128241,340],{"id":339},[20,128243,343],{},[39,128245,128247],{"className":41,"code":128246,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128248,128249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128250,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128252,353],{"class":54},[48,128254,32],{"class":84},[48,128256,1261],{"class":87},[48,128258,91],{"class":84},[48,128260,362],{"class":87},[48,128262,365],{"class":84},[48,128264,368],{"class":87},[48,128266,365],{"class":84},[48,128268,373],{"class":87},[48,128270,102],{"class":84},[1200,128272,17112],{"id":17111},[162,128274,128275,128279,128283],{},[165,128276,128277,385],{},[15,128278,362],{},[165,128280,128281,391],{},[15,128282,390],{},[165,128284,128285,128287],{},[15,128286,396],{},": optional ending position",[20,128289,128290,500,128292,128294],{},[15,128291,390],{},[15,128293,396],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128296,126357],{},[39,128298,128300],{"className":41,"code":128299,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128301,128302,128314,128318,128343,128372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128303,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128305,55],{"class":54},[48,128307,59],{"class":58},[48,128309,63],{"class":62},[48,128311,67],{"class":66},[48,128313,70],{"class":62},[48,128315,128316],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128317,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128319,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128338,128340],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128321,109],{"class":108},[48,128323,91],{"class":84},[48,128325,213],{"class":87},[48,128327,32],{"class":84},[48,128329,1261],{"class":87},[48,128331,91],{"class":84},[48,128333,94],{"class":62},[48,128335,60170],{"class":66},[48,128337,94],{"class":62},[48,128339,229],{"class":84},[48,128341,128342],{"class":129},"        # 4\n",[48,128344,128345,128347,128349,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128346,109],{"class":108},[48,128348,91],{"class":84},[48,128350,213],{"class":87},[48,128352,32],{"class":84},[48,128354,1261],{"class":87},[48,128356,91],{"class":84},[48,128358,94],{"class":62},[48,128360,60170],{"class":66},[48,128362,94],{"class":62},[48,128364,365],{"class":84},[48,128366,549],{"class":488},[48,128368,229],{"class":84},[48,128370,128371],{"class":129},"     # 7\n",[48,128373,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,128375,109],{"class":108},[48,128377,91],{"class":84},[48,128379,213],{"class":87},[48,128381,32],{"class":84},[48,128383,1261],{"class":87},[48,128385,91],{"class":84},[48,128387,94],{"class":62},[48,128389,60170],{"class":66},[48,128391,94],{"class":62},[48,128393,365],{"class":84},[48,128395,549],{"class":488},[48,128397,365],{"class":84},[48,128399,5701],{"class":488},[48,128401,229],{"class":84},[48,128403,1339],{"class":129},[34,128405,557],{"id":556},[20,128407,57244,128408,128410],{},[15,128409,1191],{}," is always an integer.",[162,128412,128413,128419,128422],{},[165,128414,128415,128416,128418],{},"A number ",[15,128417,578],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[165,128420,128421],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[165,128423,128424,128426],{},[15,128425,1071],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128428,182],{},[39,128430,128432],{"className":41,"code":128431,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128433,128434,128446,128450,128475,128500],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128435,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128437,55],{"class":54},[48,128439,59],{"class":58},[48,128441,63],{"class":62},[48,128443,43],{"class":66},[48,128445,70],{"class":62},[48,128447,128448],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128449,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128451,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128469,128471,128473],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128453,109],{"class":108},[48,128455,91],{"class":84},[48,128457,213],{"class":87},[48,128459,32],{"class":84},[48,128461,1261],{"class":87},[48,128463,91],{"class":84},[48,128465,94],{"class":62},[48,128467,128468],{"class":66},"py",[48,128470,94],{"class":62},[48,128472,229],{"class":84},[48,128474,331],{"class":129},[48,128476,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128494,128496,128498],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128478,109],{"class":108},[48,128480,91],{"class":84},[48,128482,213],{"class":87},[48,128484,32],{"class":84},[48,128486,1261],{"class":87},[48,128488,91],{"class":84},[48,128490,94],{"class":62},[48,128492,128493],{"class":66},"th",[48,128495,94],{"class":62},[48,128497,229],{"class":84},[48,128499,57345],{"class":129},[48,128501,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,128503,109],{"class":108},[48,128505,91],{"class":84},[48,128507,213],{"class":87},[48,128509,32],{"class":84},[48,128511,1261],{"class":87},[48,128513,91],{"class":84},[48,128515,94],{"class":62},[48,128517,1029],{"class":66},[48,128519,94],{"class":62},[48,128521,229],{"class":84},[48,128523,128114],{"class":129},[20,128525,89594,128526,1382,128528,1358,128530,32],{},[15,128527,1191],{},[15,128529,3306],{},[15,128531,3379],{},[20,128533,128534],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[34,128536,758,128537,500,128539],{"id":757},[15,128538,390],{},[15,128540,396],{},[20,128542,139,128543,128545],{},[15,128544,390],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128547,139,128548,128550],{},[15,128549,396],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128552,765,128553,75148,128555,128557],{},[15,128554,396],{},[565,128556,64760],{}," in the search.",[39,128559,128561],{"className":41,"code":128560,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128562,128563,128576,128580,128604,128633,128665],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128564,128565,128567,128569,128571,128574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128566,55],{"class":54},[48,128568,59],{"class":58},[48,128570,63],{"class":62},[48,128572,128573],{"class":66},"one two three two",[48,128575,70],{"class":62},[48,128577,128578],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128579,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128581,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128583,109],{"class":108},[48,128585,91],{"class":84},[48,128587,213],{"class":87},[48,128589,32],{"class":84},[48,128591,1261],{"class":87},[48,128593,91],{"class":84},[48,128595,94],{"class":62},[48,128597,78955],{"class":66},[48,128599,94],{"class":62},[48,128601,229],{"class":84},[48,128603,128342],{"class":129},[48,128605,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128607,109],{"class":108},[48,128609,91],{"class":84},[48,128611,213],{"class":87},[48,128613,32],{"class":84},[48,128615,1261],{"class":87},[48,128617,91],{"class":84},[48,128619,94],{"class":62},[48,128621,78955],{"class":66},[48,128623,94],{"class":62},[48,128625,365],{"class":84},[48,128627,549],{"class":488},[48,128629,229],{"class":84},[48,128631,128632],{"class":129},"     # 14\n",[48,128634,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,128636,109],{"class":108},[48,128638,91],{"class":84},[48,128640,213],{"class":87},[48,128642,32],{"class":84},[48,128644,1261],{"class":87},[48,128646,91],{"class":84},[48,128648,94],{"class":62},[48,128650,78955],{"class":66},[48,128652,94],{"class":62},[48,128654,365],{"class":84},[48,128656,961],{"class":488},[48,128658,365],{"class":84},[48,128660,5701],{"class":488},[48,128662,229],{"class":84},[48,128664,50641],{"class":129},[48,128666,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,128668,109],{"class":108},[48,128670,91],{"class":84},[48,128672,213],{"class":87},[48,128674,32],{"class":84},[48,128676,1261],{"class":87},[48,128678,91],{"class":84},[48,128680,94],{"class":62},[48,128682,78955],{"class":66},[48,128684,94],{"class":62},[48,128686,365],{"class":84},[48,128688,961],{"class":488},[48,128690,365],{"class":84},[48,128692,878],{"class":488},[48,128694,229],{"class":84},[48,128696,1339],{"class":129},[20,128698,128699],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128701,128702,128703,54768,128707,32],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[224,128704,128706],{"href":128705},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[224,128708,128710,128712],{"href":128709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128711,60228],{}," string method",[34,128714,123681],{"id":123680},[20,128716,128717,123492],{},[15,128718,1191],{},[20,128720,127072,128721,500,128723,128725],{},[15,128722,90102],{},[15,128724,64228],{}," are treated as different text.",[39,128727,128729],{"className":41,"code":128728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128730,128731,128744,128748,128772],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128732,128733,128735,128737,128739,128742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128734,55],{"class":54},[48,128736,59],{"class":58},[48,128738,63],{"class":62},[48,128740,128741],{"class":66},"Hello World",[48,128743,70],{"class":62},[48,128745,128746],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128747,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128749,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128751,109],{"class":108},[48,128753,91],{"class":84},[48,128755,213],{"class":87},[48,128757,32],{"class":84},[48,128759,1261],{"class":87},[48,128761,91],{"class":84},[48,128763,94],{"class":62},[48,128765,299],{"class":66},[48,128767,94],{"class":62},[48,128769,229],{"class":84},[48,128771,639],{"class":129},[48,128773,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,128775,109],{"class":108},[48,128777,91],{"class":84},[48,128779,213],{"class":87},[48,128781,32],{"class":84},[48,128783,1261],{"class":87},[48,128785,91],{"class":84},[48,128787,94],{"class":62},[48,128789,1008],{"class":66},[48,128791,94],{"class":62},[48,128793,229],{"class":84},[48,128795,1339],{"class":129},[20,128797,128798],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[39,128800,128802],{"className":41,"code":128801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128803,128804,128816,128820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128805,128806,128808,128810,128812,128814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128807,55],{"class":54},[48,128809,59],{"class":58},[48,128811,63],{"class":62},[48,128813,128741],{"class":66},[48,128815,70],{"class":62},[48,128817,128818],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128819,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128821,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128823,109],{"class":108},[48,128825,91],{"class":84},[48,128827,213],{"class":87},[48,128829,32],{"class":84},[48,128831,8350],{"class":87},[48,128833,8347],{"class":84},[48,128835,1261],{"class":87},[48,128837,91],{"class":84},[48,128839,94],{"class":62},[48,128841,1008],{"class":66},[48,128843,94],{"class":62},[48,128845,229],{"class":84},[48,128847,639],{"class":129},[34,128849,128851,1188,128853],{"id":128850},"find-vs-index",[15,128852,1191],{},[15,128854,17],{},[20,128856,128857,500,128859,128861],{},[15,128858,1191],{},[15,128860,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[162,128863,128864,128870],{},[165,128865,128866,1572,128868],{},[15,128867,1191],{},[15,128869,1071],{},[165,128871,128872,988,128874],{},[15,128873,17],{},[15,128875,31],{},[20,128877,139,128878,128880],{},[15,128879,1191],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128882,139,128883,128885],{},[15,128884,17],{}," when the value must exist.",[39,128887,128889],{"className":41,"code":128888,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128890,128891,128903,128907],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128892,128893,128895,128897,128899,128901],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128894,55],{"class":54},[48,128896,59],{"class":58},[48,128898,63],{"class":62},[48,128900,1008],{"class":66},[48,128902,70],{"class":62},[48,128904,128905],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128906,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128908,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128910,109],{"class":108},[48,128912,91],{"class":84},[48,128914,213],{"class":87},[48,128916,32],{"class":84},[48,128918,1261],{"class":87},[48,128920,91],{"class":84},[48,128922,94],{"class":62},[48,128924,1873],{"class":66},[48,128926,94],{"class":62},[48,128928,229],{"class":84},[48,128930,128931],{"class":129},"   # -1\n",[39,128933,128935],{"className":41,"code":128934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128936,128937,128949,128953],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,128938,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,128940,55],{"class":54},[48,128942,59],{"class":58},[48,128944,63],{"class":62},[48,128946,1008],{"class":66},[48,128948,70],{"class":62},[48,128950,128951],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,128952,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,128954,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,128956,109],{"class":108},[48,128958,91],{"class":84},[48,128960,213],{"class":87},[48,128962,32],{"class":84},[48,128964,88],{"class":87},[48,128966,91],{"class":84},[48,128968,94],{"class":62},[48,128970,1873],{"class":66},[48,128972,94],{"class":62},[48,128974,229],{"class":84},[48,128976,128977],{"class":129},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128979,128980,128981,128985,128986,128988,128989,32],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[224,128982,128983,128712],{"href":124053},[15,128984,17],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128987,17],{},", read ",[224,128990,1179,128991],{"href":73168},[15,128992,1182],{},[34,128994,40755],{"id":40754},[20,128996,35117,128997,128999],{},[15,128998,1191],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[162,129001,129002,129005,129008,129011],{},[165,129003,129004],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[165,129006,129007],{},"Get the position of a word",[165,129009,129010],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[165,129012,129013],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129015,129016],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[39,129018,129020],{"className":41,"code":129019,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129021,129022,129035,129058,129062,129077,129093,129112,129126],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129023,129024,129026,129028,129030,129033],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129025,55],{"class":54},[48,129027,59],{"class":58},[48,129029,63],{"class":62},[48,129031,129032],{"class":66},"name:Alice",[48,129034,70],{"class":62},[48,129036,129037,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129038,129039],{"class":54},"colon_pos ",[48,129041,59],{"class":58},[48,129043,81],{"class":54},[48,129045,32],{"class":84},[48,129047,1261],{"class":87},[48,129049,91],{"class":84},[48,129051,94],{"class":62},[48,129053,503],{"class":66},[48,129055,94],{"class":62},[48,129057,102],{"class":84},[48,129059,129060],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129061,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,129063,129064,129066,129069,129071,129073,129075],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129065,6705],{"class":1107},[48,129067,129068],{"class":54}," colon_pos ",[48,129070,72278],{"class":58},[48,129072,1921],{"class":58},[48,129074,272],{"class":488},[48,129076,1110],{"class":84},[48,129078,129079,129082,129084,129086,129088,129091],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129080,129081],{"class":54},"    label ",[48,129083,59],{"class":58},[48,129085,81],{"class":54},[48,129087,75221],{"class":84},[48,129089,129090],{"class":54},"colon_pos",[48,129092,3339],{"class":84},[48,129094,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,129096,27117],{"class":54},[48,129098,59],{"class":58},[48,129100,81],{"class":54},[48,129102,3605],{"class":84},[48,129104,129039],{"class":54},[48,129106,1761],{"class":58},[48,129108,5204],{"class":488},[48,129110,129111],{"class":84},":]\n",[48,129113,129114,129116,129118,129121,129123],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,129115,1138],{"class":108},[48,129117,91],{"class":84},[48,129119,129120],{"class":87},"label",[48,129122,3366],{"class":84},[48,129124,129125],{"class":129},"  # name\n",[48,129127,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,129129,1138],{"class":108},[48,129131,91],{"class":84},[48,129133,362],{"class":87},[48,129135,3366],{"class":84},[48,129137,129138],{"class":129},"  # Alice\n",[20,129140,129141,129142,32],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[224,129143,1362],{"href":123289},[34,129145,1366],{"id":1365},[20,129147,129148,129149,503],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129150,1191],{},[162,129152,129153,129162,129168,129173,129179],{},[165,129154,1379,129155,1382,129157,1358,129159,129161],{},[15,129156,1191],{},[15,129158,3306],{},[15,129160,3379],{}," instead of an index",[165,129163,129164,129165,129167],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129166,1071],{}," when the substring is missing",[165,129169,758,129170,129172],{},[15,129171,1191],{}," without handling case differences",[165,129174,36914,129175,8415,129177],{},[15,129176,1191],{},[15,129178,17],{},[165,129180,1398,129181,129183],{},[15,129182,1191],{}," changes the string",[20,129185,129186],{},"Example of a mistake:",[39,129188,129190],{"className":41,"code":129189,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129191,129192,129204,129208,129228,129243,129249],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129193,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129195,55],{"class":54},[48,129197,59],{"class":58},[48,129199,63],{"class":62},[48,129201,1008],{"class":66},[48,129203,70],{"class":62},[48,129205,129206],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129207,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,129209,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129211,6705],{"class":1107},[48,129213,81],{"class":54},[48,129215,32],{"class":84},[48,129217,1261],{"class":87},[48,129219,91],{"class":84},[48,129221,94],{"class":62},[48,129223,60136],{"class":66},[48,129225,94],{"class":62},[48,129227,8053],{"class":84},[48,129229,129230,129232,129234,129236,129239,129241],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129231,1138],{"class":108},[48,129233,91],{"class":84},[48,129235,94],{"class":62},[48,129237,129238],{"class":66},"Found",[48,129240,94],{"class":62},[48,129242,102],{"class":84},[48,129244,129245,129247],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129246,27150],{"class":1107},[48,129248,1110],{"class":84},[48,129250,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,129252,1138],{"class":108},[48,129254,91],{"class":84},[48,129256,94],{"class":62},[48,129258,26031],{"class":66},[48,129260,94],{"class":62},[48,129262,102],{"class":84},[20,129264,99599],{},[39,129266,129268],{"className":41,"code":129267,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Not found\n",[15,129269,129270],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129271,129272],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129273,129267],{"class":54},[20,129275,45410,129276,129279,129280,16789,129282,129284,129285,129287],{},[15,129277,129278],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129281,578],{},[15,129283,578],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129286,6705],{}," statement.",[20,129289,129290],{},"A safer version is:",[39,129292,129294],{"className":41,"code":129293,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129295,129296,129308,129312,129341,129355,129361],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129297,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129299,55],{"class":54},[48,129301,59],{"class":58},[48,129303,63],{"class":62},[48,129305,1008],{"class":66},[48,129307,70],{"class":62},[48,129309,129310],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129311,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,129313,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328,129330,129332,129335,129337,129339],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129315,6705],{"class":1107},[48,129317,81],{"class":54},[48,129319,32],{"class":84},[48,129321,1261],{"class":87},[48,129323,91],{"class":84},[48,129325,94],{"class":62},[48,129327,60136],{"class":66},[48,129329,94],{"class":62},[48,129331,3366],{"class":84},[48,129333,129334],{"class":58}," !=",[48,129336,1921],{"class":58},[48,129338,272],{"class":488},[48,129340,1110],{"class":84},[48,129342,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129344,1138],{"class":108},[48,129346,91],{"class":84},[48,129348,94],{"class":62},[48,129350,129238],{"class":66},[48,129352,94],{"class":62},[48,129354,102],{"class":84},[48,129356,129357,129359],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129358,27150],{"class":1107},[48,129360,1110],{"class":84},[48,129362,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,129364,1138],{"class":108},[48,129366,91],{"class":84},[48,129368,94],{"class":62},[48,129370,26031],{"class":66},[48,129372,94],{"class":62},[48,129374,102],{"class":84},[20,129376,129377],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[39,129379,129381],{"className":41,"code":129380,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129382,129383,129405,129419,129445,129459],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129386,109],{"class":108},[48,129388,91],{"class":84},[48,129390,213],{"class":87},[48,129392,32],{"class":84},[48,129394,1261],{"class":87},[48,129396,91],{"class":84},[48,129398,3001],{"class":62},[48,129400,38100],{"class":66},[48,129402,3001],{"class":62},[48,129404,1034],{"class":84},[48,129406,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129408,109],{"class":108},[48,129410,91],{"class":84},[48,129412,1428],{"class":108},[48,129414,91],{"class":84},[48,129416,213],{"class":87},[48,129418,1034],{"class":84},[48,129420,129421,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433,129435,129437,129439,129441,129443],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129422,109],{"class":108},[48,129424,91],{"class":84},[48,129426,213],{"class":87},[48,129428,32],{"class":84},[48,129430,8350],{"class":87},[48,129432,8347],{"class":84},[48,129434,1261],{"class":87},[48,129436,91],{"class":84},[48,129438,3001],{"class":62},[48,129440,38100],{"class":66},[48,129442,3001],{"class":62},[48,129444,1034],{"class":84},[48,129446,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129448,109],{"class":108},[48,129450,91],{"class":84},[48,129452,10874],{"class":108},[48,129454,91],{"class":84},[48,129456,213],{"class":87},[48,129458,1034],{"class":84},[48,129460,129461,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129462,109],{"class":108},[48,129464,91],{"class":84},[48,129466,213],{"class":87},[48,129468,32],{"class":84},[48,129470,1261],{"class":87},[48,129472,91],{"class":84},[48,129474,3001],{"class":62},[48,129476,38100],{"class":66},[48,129478,3001],{"class":62},[48,129480,365],{"class":84},[48,129482,368],{"class":87},[48,129484,365],{"class":84},[48,129486,373],{"class":87},[48,129488,1034],{"class":84},[20,129490,129491],{},"These help you check:",[162,129493,129494,129499,129504,129509,129512],{},[165,129495,129496,129497],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129498,1191],{},[165,129500,129501,129502],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129503,122252],{},[165,129505,129506,129507],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129508,123764],{},[165,129510,129511],{},"The string length",[165,129513,129514,129515,500,129517,129519],{},"Whether your ",[15,129516,390],{},[15,129518,396],{}," values are correct",[34,129521,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,129523,1540,129525,129527],{"id":129524},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found",[15,129526,1191],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129529,4855,129530,32],{},[15,129531,1071],{},[1200,129533,12418,129535,129537],{"id":129534},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129536,1191],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129539,129540],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1200,129542,129544,129545,1592],{"id":129543},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129546,1191],{},[20,129548,1595],{},[1200,129550,1559,129552,500,129554,69341],{"id":129551},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129553,1191],{},[15,129555,17],{},[20,129557,129558,1572,129560,129562,129563,988,129565,32],{},[15,129559,1191],{},[15,129561,1071],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129564,17],{},[15,129566,31],{},[1200,129568,28044,129570,129572],{"id":129569},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129571,1191],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129574,129575,129576,500,129578,65840],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129577,390],{},[15,129579,396],{},[34,129581,1599],{"id":1598},[162,129583,129584,129590,129596,129603,129609,129616,129620,129624],{},[165,129585,129586],{},[224,129587,126028,129588,754],{"href":124053},[15,129589,17],{},[165,129591,129592],{},[224,129593,126028,129594,754],{"href":128709},[15,129595,60228],{},[165,129597,129598],{},[224,129599,126028,129601,754],{"href":129600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129602,124204],{},[165,129604,129605],{},[224,129606,126028,129607,754],{"href":127392},[15,129608,127395],{},[165,129610,129611],{},[224,129612,126028,129614,754],{"href":129613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129615,126086],{},[165,129617,129618],{},[224,129619,1612],{"href":123289},[165,129621,129622],{},[224,129623,1618],{"href":128705},[165,129625,129626],{},[224,129627,25838,129628],{"href":73168},[15,129629,1182],{},[1633,129631,129632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":129634},[129635,129637,129640,129641,129642,129643,129645,129646,129647,129659],{"id":128127,"depth":73,"text":129636},"What find() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":129638},[129639],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557},{"id":757,"depth":73,"text":1644},{"id":123680,"depth":73,"text":123681},{"id":128850,"depth":73,"text":129644},"find() vs index()",{"id":40754,"depth":73,"text":40755},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":129648},[129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"id":129524,"depth":105,"text":129650},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129534,"depth":105,"text":129652},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129543,"depth":105,"text":129654},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129551,"depth":105,"text":129656},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129569,"depth":105,"text":129658},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":128000,"description":129660},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129666,"title":129667,"body":129668,"description":131594,"extension":1666,"meta":131595,"navigation":122,"path":131596,"seo":131597,"stem":131598,"__hash__":131599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129669,"toc":131562},[129670,129675,129680,129683,129685,129761,129765,129793,129801,129805,129810,129814,129831,129833,129900,129904,129926,129934,129936,129939,129963,129966,129980,129982,130067,130071,130083,130086,130090,130096,130146,130150,130167,130176,130179,130187,130190,130239,130243,130268,130271,130326,130330,130342,130348,130352,130358,130363,130430,130434,130460,130463,130474,130476,130543,130547,130572,130579,130583,130588,130595,130603,130605,130657,130661,130679,130681,130726,130730,130745,130748,130758,130765,130767,130771,130774,130785,130787,130847,130851,130879,130882,130888,130893,130896,130900,130944,130947,130985,130988,130996,130998,131003,131007,131010,131058,131061,131064,131120,131124,131129,131132,131181,131183,131232,131238,131243,131245,131292,131296,131309,131311,131362,131368,131371,131375,131378,131384,131389,131391,131394,131466,131469,131486,131488,131493,131496,131500,131506,131512,131519,131525,131531,131533,131559],[10,129671,13,129673,18],{"id":129672},"python-string-format-method",[15,129674,126031],{},[20,129676,22,129677,129679],{},[15,129678,126031],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129681,129682],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[34,129684,37],{"id":36},[39,129686,129688],{"className":41,"code":129687,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129689,129690,129702,129710,129714,129751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129691,129692,129694,129696,129698,129700],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129693,7587],{"class":54},[48,129695,59],{"class":58},[48,129697,63],{"class":62},[48,129699,11221],{"class":66},[48,129701,70],{"class":62},[48,129703,129704,129706,129708],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129705,21344],{"class":54},[48,129707,59],{"class":58},[48,129709,88483],{"class":488},[48,129711,129712],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129713,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,129715,129716,129718,129720,129722,129725,129727,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129717,89691],{"class":54},[48,129719,59],{"class":58},[48,129721,63],{"class":62},[48,129723,129724],{"class":66},"My name is ",[48,129726,3497],{"class":488},[48,129728,129729],{"class":66}," and I am ",[48,129731,3497],{"class":488},[48,129733,122034],{"class":66},[48,129735,94],{"class":62},[48,129737,32],{"class":84},[48,129739,129740],{"class":87},"format",[48,129742,91],{"class":84},[48,129744,7377],{"class":87},[48,129746,365],{"class":84},[48,129748,8900],{"class":87},[48,129750,102],{"class":84},[48,129752,129753,129755,129757,129759],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129754,109],{"class":108},[48,129756,91],{"class":84},[48,129758,89708],{"class":87},[48,129760,102],{"class":84},[20,129762,129763],{},[565,129764,1037],{},[39,129766,129768],{"className":41,"code":129767,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129769,129770],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129771,129772,129775,129777,129780,129783,129786,129789,129791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129773,129774],{"class":54},"My name ",[48,129776,11907],{"class":58},[48,129778,129779],{"class":54}," Maya ",[48,129781,129782],{"class":58},"and",[48,129784,129785],{"class":54}," I am ",[48,129787,129788],{"class":488},"12",[48,129790,122067],{"class":54},[48,129792,122070],{"class":84},[20,129794,139,129795,129797,129798,129800],{},[15,129796,3497],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129799,126031],{}," in the same order.",[20,129802,124782,129803,32],{},[224,129804,124785],{"href":50680},[34,129806,12710,129808,12713],{"id":129807},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129809,126031],{},[20,129811,765,129812,11125],{},[15,129813,126031],{},[162,129815,129816,129819,129825,129828],{},[165,129817,129818],{},"inserts values into a string",[165,129820,129821,129822,129824],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129823,3497],{}," with given values",[165,129826,129827],{},"returns a new string",[165,129829,129830],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129832,182],{},[39,129834,129836],{"className":41,"code":129835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129837,129838,129852,129875,129879,129890],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129839,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848,129850],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129841,55],{"class":54},[48,129843,59],{"class":58},[48,129845,63],{"class":62},[48,129847,44608],{"class":66},[48,129849,3497],{"class":488},[48,129851,70],{"class":62},[48,129853,129854,129857,129859,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129855,129856],{"class":54},"new_text ",[48,129858,59],{"class":58},[48,129860,81],{"class":54},[48,129862,32],{"class":84},[48,129864,129740],{"class":87},[48,129866,91],{"class":84},[48,129868,94],{"class":62},[48,129870,7386],{"class":66},[48,129872,94],{"class":62},[48,129874,102],{"class":84},[48,129876,129877],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,129878,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,129880,129881,129883,129885,129888],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,129882,109],{"class":108},[48,129884,91],{"class":84},[48,129886,129887],{"class":87},"new_text",[48,129889,102],{"class":84},[48,129891,129892,129894,129896,129898],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,129893,109],{"class":108},[48,129895,91],{"class":84},[48,129897,213],{"class":87},[48,129899,102],{"class":84},[20,129901,129902],{},[565,129903,1037],{},[39,129905,129907],{"className":41,"code":129906,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129908,129909,129918],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129910,129911,129913,129915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129912,299],{"class":54},[48,129914,365],{"class":84},[48,129916,129917],{"class":54}," Sam\n",[48,129919,129920,129922,129924],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,129921,299],{"class":54},[48,129923,365],{"class":84},[48,129925,9550],{"class":84},[20,129927,1986,129928,129930,129931,129933],{},[15,129929,213],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129932,126031],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[34,129935,340],{"id":339},[20,129937,129938],{},"The general form is:",[39,129940,129942],{"className":41,"code":129941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129943,129944],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129945,129946,129948,129951,129953,129955,129957,129959,129961],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129947,94],{"class":43035},[48,129949,129950],{"class":43039},"text {}",[48,129952,94],{"class":43035},[48,129954,32],{"class":84},[48,129956,129740],{"class":87},[48,129958,91],{"class":84},[48,129960,362],{"class":87},[48,129962,102],{"class":84},[20,129964,129965],{},"Key idea:",[162,129967,129968,129974,129977],{},[165,129969,129970,129971,129973],{},"each ",[15,129972,3497],{}," is a placeholder",[165,129975,129976],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[165,129978,129979],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129981,182],{},[39,129983,129985],{"className":41,"code":129984,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129986,129987,130000,130014,130018,130056],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,129988,129989,129992,129994,129996,129998],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,129990,129991],{"class":54},"animal ",[48,129993,59],{"class":58},[48,129995,63],{"class":62},[48,129997,607],{"class":66},[48,129999,70],{"class":62},[48,130001,130002,130005,130007,130009,130012],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130003,130004],{"class":54},"sound ",[48,130006,59],{"class":58},[48,130008,63],{"class":62},[48,130010,130011],{"class":66},"meow",[48,130013,70],{"class":62},[48,130015,130016],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,130017,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,130019,130020,130023,130025,130027,130029,130031,130034,130036,130038,130040,130042,130044,130046,130049,130051,130054],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,130021,130022],{"class":54},"sentence ",[48,130024,59],{"class":58},[48,130026,63],{"class":62},[48,130028,765],{"class":66},[48,130030,3497],{"class":488},[48,130032,130033],{"class":66}," says ",[48,130035,3497],{"class":488},[48,130037,32],{"class":66},[48,130039,94],{"class":62},[48,130041,32],{"class":84},[48,130043,129740],{"class":87},[48,130045,91],{"class":84},[48,130047,130048],{"class":87},"animal",[48,130050,365],{"class":84},[48,130052,130053],{"class":87}," sound",[48,130055,102],{"class":84},[48,130057,130058,130060,130062,130065],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,130059,109],{"class":108},[48,130061,91],{"class":84},[48,130063,130064],{"class":87},"sentence",[48,130066,102],{"class":84},[20,130068,130069],{},[565,130070,1037],{},[39,130072,130074],{"className":41,"code":130073,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130075,130076],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130077,130078,130081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130079,130080],{"class":54},"The cat says meow",[48,130082,122070],{"class":84},[20,130084,130085],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[34,130087,130089],{"id":130088},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130091,130092,130093,130095],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130094,3497],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[39,130097,130099],{"className":41,"code":130098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130100,130101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130102,130103,130105,130107,130109,130112,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130133,130135,130137,130139,130142,130144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130104,109],{"class":108},[48,130106,91],{"class":84},[48,130108,94],{"class":62},[48,130110,130111],{"class":66},"I like ",[48,130113,3497],{"class":488},[48,130115,500],{"class":66},[48,130117,3497],{"class":488},[48,130119,32],{"class":66},[48,130121,94],{"class":62},[48,130123,32],{"class":84},[48,130125,129740],{"class":87},[48,130127,91],{"class":84},[48,130129,94],{"class":62},[48,130131,130132],{"class":66},"pizza",[48,130134,94],{"class":62},[48,130136,365],{"class":84},[48,130138,63],{"class":62},[48,130140,130141],{"class":66},"pasta",[48,130143,94],{"class":62},[48,130145,1034],{"class":84},[20,130147,130148],{},[565,130149,1037],{},[39,130151,130153],{"className":41,"code":130152,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130154,130155],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130156,130157,130160,130162,130165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130158,130159],{"class":54},"I like pizza ",[48,130161,129782],{"class":58},[48,130163,130164],{"class":54}," pasta",[48,130166,122070],{"class":84},[20,130168,130169,130170,500,130173,32],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130171,130172],{},"{0}",[15,130174,130175],{},"{1}",[20,130177,130178],{},"This is helpful when:",[162,130180,130181,130184],{},[165,130182,130183],{},"you want to reuse a value",[165,130185,130186],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130188,130189],{},"Example with reused values:",[39,130191,130193],{"className":41,"code":130192,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130194,130195,130229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130196,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130208,130210,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130198,55],{"class":54},[48,130200,59],{"class":58},[48,130202,63],{"class":62},[48,130204,130172],{"class":488},[48,130206,130207],{"class":66}," is learning Python. ",[48,130209,130172],{"class":488},[48,130211,130212],{"class":66}," likes coding.",[48,130214,94],{"class":62},[48,130216,32],{"class":84},[48,130218,129740],{"class":87},[48,130220,91],{"class":84},[48,130222,94],{"class":62},[48,130224,19600],{"class":66},[48,130226,94],{"class":62},[48,130228,102],{"class":84},[48,130230,130231,130233,130235,130237],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130232,109],{"class":108},[48,130234,91],{"class":84},[48,130236,213],{"class":87},[48,130238,102],{"class":84},[20,130240,130241],{},[565,130242,1037],{},[39,130244,130246],{"className":41,"code":130245,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130247,130248],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130249,130250,130253,130255,130258,130260,130263,130266],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130251,130252],{"class":54},"Lina ",[48,130254,11907],{"class":58},[48,130256,130257],{"class":54}," learning Python",[48,130259,32],{"class":84},[48,130261,130262],{"class":24466}," Lina",[48,130264,130265],{"class":54}," likes coding",[48,130267,122070],{"class":84},[20,130269,130270],{},"Example with changed order:",[39,130272,130274],{"className":41,"code":130273,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130275,130276,130316],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130277,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308,130310,130312,130314],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130279,55],{"class":54},[48,130281,59],{"class":58},[48,130283,63],{"class":62},[48,130285,130175],{"class":488},[48,130287,83010],{"class":66},[48,130289,130172],{"class":488},[48,130291,32],{"class":66},[48,130293,94],{"class":62},[48,130295,32],{"class":84},[48,130297,129740],{"class":87},[48,130299,91],{"class":84},[48,130301,94],{"class":62},[48,130303,6293],{"class":66},[48,130305,94],{"class":62},[48,130307,365],{"class":84},[48,130309,63],{"class":62},[48,130311,78955],{"class":66},[48,130313,94],{"class":62},[48,130315,102],{"class":84},[48,130317,130318,130320,130322,130324],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130319,109],{"class":108},[48,130321,91],{"class":84},[48,130323,213],{"class":87},[48,130325,102],{"class":84},[20,130327,130328],{},[565,130329,1037],{},[39,130331,130333],{"className":41,"code":130332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130334,130335],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130336,130337,130340],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130338,130339],{"class":54},"two comes after one",[48,130341,122070],{"class":84},[20,130343,130344,130345,130347],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130346,3497],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[34,130349,130351],{"id":130350},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130353,130354,130355,32],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130356,130357],{},"{name}",[20,130359,130360,130361,503],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130362,126031],{},[39,130364,130366],{"className":41,"code":130365,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130367,130368,130420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130369,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130383,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402,130404,130406,130408,130410,130412,130414,130416,130418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130371,55],{"class":54},[48,130373,59],{"class":58},[48,130375,63],{"class":62},[48,130377,129724],{"class":66},[48,130379,130357],{"class":488},[48,130381,130382],{"class":66}," and I live in ",[48,130384,130385],{"class":488},"{city}",[48,130387,32],{"class":66},[48,130389,94],{"class":62},[48,130391,32],{"class":84},[48,130393,129740],{"class":87},[48,130395,91],{"class":84},[48,130397,7377],{"class":8887},[48,130399,59],{"class":58},[48,130401,94],{"class":62},[48,130403,12594],{"class":66},[48,130405,94],{"class":62},[48,130407,365],{"class":84},[48,130409,31096],{"class":8887},[48,130411,59],{"class":58},[48,130413,94],{"class":62},[48,130415,15747],{"class":66},[48,130417,94],{"class":62},[48,130419,102],{"class":84},[48,130421,130422,130424,130426,130428],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130423,109],{"class":108},[48,130425,91],{"class":84},[48,130427,213],{"class":87},[48,130429,102],{"class":84},[20,130431,130432],{},[565,130433,1037],{},[39,130435,130437],{"className":41,"code":130436,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130438,130439],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130440,130441,130443,130445,130448,130450,130453,130455,130458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130442,129774],{"class":54},[48,130444,11907],{"class":58},[48,130446,130447],{"class":54}," Ana ",[48,130449,129782],{"class":58},[48,130451,130452],{"class":54}," I live ",[48,130454,3587],{"class":58},[48,130456,130457],{"class":54}," Lima",[48,130459,122070],{"class":84},[20,130461,130462],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[162,130464,130465,130468,130471],{},[165,130466,130467],{},"they make code easier to read",[165,130469,130470],{},"they help when a string has many values",[165,130472,130473],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130475,182],{},[39,130477,130479],{"className":41,"code":130478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130480,130481,130533],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130482,130483,130486,130488,130490,130493,130496,130499,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512,130514,130516,130519,130521,130523,130526,130528,130531],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130484,130485],{"class":54},"report ",[48,130487,59],{"class":58},[48,130489,63],{"class":62},[48,130491,130492],{"class":66},"Student: ",[48,130494,130495],{"class":488},"{student}",[48,130497,130498],{"class":66},", Score: ",[48,130500,130501],{"class":488},"{score}",[48,130503,94],{"class":62},[48,130505,32],{"class":84},[48,130507,129740],{"class":87},[48,130509,91],{"class":84},[48,130511,13340],{"class":8887},[48,130513,59],{"class":58},[48,130515,94],{"class":62},[48,130517,130518],{"class":66},"Noah",[48,130520,94],{"class":62},[48,130522,365],{"class":84},[48,130524,130525],{"class":8887}," score",[48,130527,59],{"class":58},[48,130529,130530],{"class":488},"95",[48,130532,102],{"class":84},[48,130534,130535,130537,130539,130541],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130536,109],{"class":108},[48,130538,91],{"class":84},[48,130540,127740],{"class":87},[48,130542,102],{"class":84},[20,130544,130545],{},[565,130546,1037],{},[39,130548,130550],{"className":41,"code":130549,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130551,130552],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130553,130554,130557,130559,130562,130564,130567,130569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130555,130556],{"class":54},"Student",[48,130558,503],{"class":84},[48,130560,130561],{"class":54}," Noah",[48,130563,365],{"class":84},[48,130565,130566],{"class":54}," Score",[48,130568,503],{"class":84},[48,130570,130571],{"class":488}," 95\n",[20,130573,130574,130575,32],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[224,130576,3277,130577,3210],{"href":41882},[15,130578,47390],{},[34,130580,130582],{"id":130581},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130584,130585,130587],{},[15,130586,126031],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130589,130590,130591,130594],{},"A common example is ",[15,130592,130593],{},":.2f",", which means:",[162,130596,130597,130600],{},[165,130598,130599],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[165,130601,130602],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130604,182],{},[39,130606,130608],{"className":41,"code":130607,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130609,130610,130618,130647],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130611,130612,130614,130616],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130613,40097],{"class":54},[48,130615,59],{"class":58},[48,130617,48983],{"class":488},[48,130619,130620,130622,130624,130626,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130621,55],{"class":54},[48,130623,59],{"class":58},[48,130625,63],{"class":62},[48,130627,130628],{"class":66},"Price: $",[48,130630,8990],{"class":488},[48,130632,130593],{"class":1767},[48,130634,22018],{"class":488},[48,130636,94],{"class":62},[48,130638,32],{"class":84},[48,130640,129740],{"class":87},[48,130642,91],{"class":84},[48,130644,24866],{"class":87},[48,130646,102],{"class":84},[48,130648,130649,130651,130653,130655],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,130650,109],{"class":108},[48,130652,91],{"class":84},[48,130654,213],{"class":87},[48,130656,102],{"class":84},[20,130658,130659],{},[565,130660,1037],{},[39,130662,130664],{"className":41,"code":130663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130665,130666],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130667,130668,130671,130673,130676],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130669,130670],{"class":54},"Price",[48,130672,503],{"class":84},[48,130674,130675],{"class":37077}," $",[48,130677,130678],{"class":488},"3.50\n",[20,130680,51781],{},[39,130682,130684],{"className":41,"code":130683,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130685,130686,130696],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130687,130688,130691,130693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130689,130690],{"class":54},"average ",[48,130692,59],{"class":58},[48,130694,130695],{"class":488}," 91.236\n",[48,130697,130698,130700,130702,130704,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130724],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130699,109],{"class":108},[48,130701,91],{"class":84},[48,130703,94],{"class":62},[48,130705,130706],{"class":66},"Average: ",[48,130708,8990],{"class":488},[48,130710,130593],{"class":1767},[48,130712,22018],{"class":488},[48,130714,94],{"class":62},[48,130716,32],{"class":84},[48,130718,129740],{"class":87},[48,130720,91],{"class":84},[48,130722,130723],{"class":87},"average",[48,130725,1034],{"class":84},[20,130727,130728],{},[565,130729,1037],{},[39,130731,130733],{"className":41,"code":130732,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130734,130735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130736,130737,130740,130742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130738,130739],{"class":54},"Average",[48,130741,503],{"class":84},[48,130743,130744],{"class":488}," 91.24\n",[20,130746,130747],{},"This is useful for:",[162,130749,130750,130752,130755],{},[165,130751,82768],{},[165,130753,130754],{},"averages",[165,130756,130757],{},"percentages",[20,130759,130760,130761,32],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[224,130762,3277,130763,2003],{"href":46155},[15,130764,46158],{},[34,130766,17136],{"id":17135},[20,130768,130769,92204],{},[15,130770,126031],{},[20,130772,130773],{},"That means you can:",[162,130775,130776,130779,130782],{},[165,130777,130778],{},"save it in a variable",[165,130780,130781],{},"print it directly",[165,130783,130784],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130786,182],{},[39,130788,130790],{"className":41,"code":130789,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130791,130792,130823,130833],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130793,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130819,130821],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130795,89691],{"class":54},[48,130797,59],{"class":58},[48,130799,63],{"class":62},[48,130801,44608],{"class":66},[48,130803,3497],{"class":488},[48,130805,89532],{"class":66},[48,130807,94],{"class":62},[48,130809,32],{"class":84},[48,130811,129740],{"class":87},[48,130813,91],{"class":84},[48,130815,94],{"class":62},[48,130817,130818],{"class":66},"Chris",[48,130820,94],{"class":62},[48,130822,102],{"class":84},[48,130824,130825,130827,130829,130831],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130826,109],{"class":108},[48,130828,91],{"class":84},[48,130830,89708],{"class":87},[48,130832,102],{"class":84},[48,130834,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,130836,109],{"class":108},[48,130838,91],{"class":84},[48,130840,2921],{"class":1047},[48,130842,91],{"class":84},[48,130844,89708],{"class":87},[48,130846,1034],{"class":84},[20,130848,130849],{},[565,130850,1037],{},[39,130852,130854],{"className":41,"code":130853,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130855,130856,130865],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130857,130858,130860,130862],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130859,299],{"class":54},[48,130861,365],{"class":84},[48,130863,130864],{"class":54}," Chris!\n",[48,130866,130867,130869,130871,130873,130875,130877],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130868,2990],{"class":58},[48,130870,2993],{"class":1767},[48,130872,2996],{"class":62},[48,130874,3144],{"class":66},[48,130876,3001],{"class":62},[48,130878,3004],{"class":58},[20,130880,130881],{},"The original string is not changed.",[34,130883,130885,130887],{"id":130884},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130886,126031],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130889,130890,130892],{},[15,130891,126031],{}," is a string method.",[20,130894,130895],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130897,776,130898,503],{},[15,130899,126031],{},[39,130901,130903],{"className":41,"code":130902,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130904,130905,130918],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130906,130907,130909,130911,130913,130916],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130908,7587],{"class":54},[48,130910,59],{"class":58},[48,130912,63],{"class":62},[48,130914,130915],{"class":66},"Rita",[48,130917,70],{"class":62},[48,130919,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130932,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130921,109],{"class":108},[48,130923,91],{"class":84},[48,130925,94],{"class":62},[48,130927,44608],{"class":66},[48,130929,3497],{"class":488},[48,130931,89532],{"class":66},[48,130933,94],{"class":62},[48,130935,32],{"class":84},[48,130937,129740],{"class":87},[48,130939,91],{"class":84},[48,130941,7377],{"class":87},[48,130943,1034],{"class":84},[20,130945,130946],{},"Example with an f-string:",[39,130948,130950],{"className":41,"code":130949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130951,130952,130964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,130953,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,130955,7587],{"class":54},[48,130957,59],{"class":58},[48,130959,63],{"class":62},[48,130961,130915],{"class":66},[48,130963,70],{"class":62},[48,130965,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130983],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,130967,109],{"class":108},[48,130969,91],{"class":84},[48,130971,22009],{"class":1767},[48,130973,43053],{"class":66},[48,130975,8990],{"class":488},[48,130977,7377],{"class":87},[48,130979,22018],{"class":488},[48,130981,130982],{"class":66},"!\"",[48,130984,102],{"class":84},[20,130986,130987],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130989,130990,130991,130993,130994,32],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130992,126031],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[224,130995,89377],{"href":89376},[34,130997,1366],{"id":1365},[20,130999,131000,131001,32],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131002,126031],{},[1200,131004,131006],{"id":131005},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131008,131009],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[39,131011,131013],{"className":41,"code":131012,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131014,131015,131048],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131016,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131030,131032,131034,131036,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131018,55],{"class":54},[48,131020,59],{"class":58},[48,131022,63],{"class":62},[48,131024,44608],{"class":66},[48,131026,3497],{"class":488},[48,131028,131029],{"class":488}," {}",[48,131031,89532],{"class":66},[48,131033,94],{"class":62},[48,131035,32],{"class":84},[48,131037,129740],{"class":87},[48,131039,91],{"class":84},[48,131041,94],{"class":62},[48,131043,7386],{"class":66},[48,131045,94],{"class":62},[48,131047,102],{"class":84},[48,131049,131050,131052,131054,131056],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131051,109],{"class":108},[48,131053,91],{"class":84},[48,131055,213],{"class":87},[48,131057,102],{"class":84},[20,131059,131060],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131062,131063],{},"Fixed version:",[39,131065,131067],{"className":41,"code":131066,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131068,131069,131110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131070,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131106,131108],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131072,55],{"class":54},[48,131074,59],{"class":58},[48,131076,63],{"class":62},[48,131078,44608],{"class":66},[48,131080,3497],{"class":488},[48,131082,131029],{"class":488},[48,131084,89532],{"class":66},[48,131086,94],{"class":62},[48,131088,32],{"class":84},[48,131090,129740],{"class":87},[48,131092,91],{"class":84},[48,131094,94],{"class":62},[48,131096,7386],{"class":66},[48,131098,94],{"class":62},[48,131100,365],{"class":84},[48,131102,63],{"class":62},[48,131104,131105],{"class":66},"Lee",[48,131107,94],{"class":62},[48,131109,102],{"class":84},[48,131111,131112,131114,131116,131118],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131113,109],{"class":108},[48,131115,91],{"class":84},[48,131117,213],{"class":87},[48,131119,102],{"class":84},[1200,131121,131123],{"id":131122},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131125,131126,131127,32],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131128,126031],{},[20,131130,131131],{},"Problem:",[39,131133,131135],{"className":41,"code":131134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131136,131137,131171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131138,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131163,131165,131167,131169],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131140,55],{"class":54},[48,131142,59],{"class":58},[48,131144,63],{"class":62},[48,131146,44608],{"class":66},[48,131148,130357],{"class":488},[48,131150,89532],{"class":66},[48,131152,94],{"class":62},[48,131154,32],{"class":84},[48,131156,129740],{"class":87},[48,131158,91],{"class":84},[48,131160,7696],{"class":8887},[48,131162,59],{"class":58},[48,131164,94],{"class":62},[48,131166,7386],{"class":66},[48,131168,94],{"class":62},[48,131170,102],{"class":84},[48,131172,131173,131175,131177,131179],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131174,109],{"class":108},[48,131176,91],{"class":84},[48,131178,213],{"class":87},[48,131180,102],{"class":84},[20,131182,131063],{},[39,131184,131186],{"className":41,"code":131185,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131187,131188,131222],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131189,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131191,55],{"class":54},[48,131193,59],{"class":58},[48,131195,63],{"class":62},[48,131197,44608],{"class":66},[48,131199,130357],{"class":488},[48,131201,89532],{"class":66},[48,131203,94],{"class":62},[48,131205,32],{"class":84},[48,131207,129740],{"class":87},[48,131209,91],{"class":84},[48,131211,7377],{"class":8887},[48,131213,59],{"class":58},[48,131215,94],{"class":62},[48,131217,7386],{"class":66},[48,131219,94],{"class":62},[48,131221,102],{"class":84},[48,131223,131224,131226,131228,131230],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131225,109],{"class":108},[48,131227,91],{"class":84},[48,131229,213],{"class":87},[48,131231,102],{"class":84},[1200,131233,1379,131235,131237],{"id":131234},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131236,126031],{}," to change the original string",[20,131239,131240,131242],{},[15,131241,126031],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131244,131131],{},[39,131246,131248],{"className":41,"code":131247,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131249,131250,131264,131282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131253,55],{"class":54},[48,131255,59],{"class":58},[48,131257,63],{"class":62},[48,131259,44608],{"class":66},[48,131261,3497],{"class":488},[48,131263,70],{"class":62},[48,131265,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131267,213],{"class":54},[48,131269,32],{"class":84},[48,131271,129740],{"class":87},[48,131273,91],{"class":84},[48,131275,94],{"class":62},[48,131277,7386],{"class":66},[48,131279,94],{"class":62},[48,131281,102],{"class":84},[48,131283,131284,131286,131288,131290],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,131285,109],{"class":108},[48,131287,91],{"class":84},[48,131289,213],{"class":87},[48,131291,102],{"class":84},[20,131293,131294],{},[565,131295,1037],{},[39,131297,131299],{"className":41,"code":131298,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131300,131301],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131302,131303,131305,131307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131304,299],{"class":54},[48,131306,365],{"class":84},[48,131308,9550],{"class":84},[20,131310,131063],{},[39,131312,131314],{"className":41,"code":131313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131315,131316,131330,131352],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131317,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131319,55],{"class":54},[48,131321,59],{"class":58},[48,131323,63],{"class":62},[48,131325,44608],{"class":66},[48,131327,3497],{"class":488},[48,131329,70],{"class":62},[48,131331,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348,131350],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131333,55],{"class":54},[48,131335,59],{"class":58},[48,131337,81],{"class":54},[48,131339,32],{"class":84},[48,131341,129740],{"class":87},[48,131343,91],{"class":84},[48,131345,94],{"class":62},[48,131347,7386],{"class":66},[48,131349,94],{"class":62},[48,131351,102],{"class":84},[48,131353,131354,131356,131358,131360],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,131355,109],{"class":108},[48,131357,91],{"class":84},[48,131359,213],{"class":87},[48,131361,102],{"class":84},[1200,131363,4409,131365,131367],{"id":131364},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131366,126031],{}," returns a new string",[20,131369,131370],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1200,131372,131374],{"id":131373},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131376,131377],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131379,131380,131381,131383],{},"Use simple ",[15,131382,3497],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131385,131386,131387,32],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[224,131388,90090],{"href":90089},[34,131390,67581],{"id":67580},[20,131392,131393],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[39,131395,131397],{"className":41,"code":131396,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131398,131399,131409,131423,131452],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,131400,131401,131403,131405,131407],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,131402,109],{"class":108},[48,131404,91],{"class":84},[48,131406,213],{"class":87},[48,131408,102],{"class":84},[48,131410,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,131412,109],{"class":108},[48,131414,91],{"class":84},[48,131416,2921],{"class":1047},[48,131418,91],{"class":84},[48,131420,362],{"class":87},[48,131422,1034],{"class":84},[48,131424,131425,131427,131429,131431,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,131426,109],{"class":108},[48,131428,91],{"class":84},[48,131430,94],{"class":62},[48,131432,131433],{"class":66},"Hello ",[48,131435,3497],{"class":488},[48,131437,94],{"class":62},[48,131439,32],{"class":84},[48,131441,129740],{"class":87},[48,131443,91],{"class":84},[48,131445,94],{"class":62},[48,131447,7386],{"class":66},[48,131449,94],{"class":62},[48,131451,1034],{"class":84},[48,131453,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,131455,31864],{"class":108},[48,131457,91],{"class":84},[48,131459,3144],{"class":1047},[48,131461,32],{"class":84},[48,131463,129740],{"class":24466},[48,131465,102],{"class":84},[20,131467,131468],{},"Use them to check:",[162,131470,131471,131474,131477,131480],{},[165,131472,131473],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[165,131475,131476],{},"what type your value has",[165,131478,131479],{},"whether a small test example works",[165,131481,131482,131483],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131484,131485],{},"str.format",[34,131487,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,131489,1540,131491,1543],{"id":131490},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131492,126031],{},[20,131494,131495],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1200,131497,131499],{"id":131498},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131501,131502,131503,131505],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131504,3497],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1200,131507,131509,131510,1564],{"id":131508},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131511,126031],{},[20,131513,131514,131515,131518],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131516,131517],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1200,131520,14618,131522,131524],{"id":131521},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131523,126031],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131526,131527,131528,131530],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131529,126031],{}," is still useful and common.",[34,131532,1599],{"id":1598},[162,131534,131535,131539,131543,131549,131555],{},[165,131536,131537],{},[224,131538,124785],{"href":50680},[165,131540,131541],{},[224,131542,90367],{"href":89376},[165,131544,131545],{},[224,131546,3277,131547,3210],{"href":46155},[15,131548,46158],{},[165,131550,131551],{},[224,131552,3277,131553,3210],{"href":41882},[15,131554,47390],{},[165,131556,131557],{},[224,131558,90090],{"href":90089},[1633,131560,131561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":131563},[131564,131565,131567,131568,131569,131570,131571,131572,131574,131583,131584,131593],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":129807,"depth":73,"text":131566},"What the format() method does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":130088,"depth":73,"text":130089},{"id":130350,"depth":73,"text":130351},{"id":130581,"depth":73,"text":130582},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":130884,"depth":73,"text":131573},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":131575},[131576,131577,131578,131580,131582],{"id":131005,"depth":105,"text":131006},{"id":131122,"depth":105,"text":131123},{"id":131234,"depth":105,"text":131579},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131364,"depth":105,"text":131581},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131373,"depth":105,"text":131374},{"id":67580,"depth":73,"text":67581},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":131585},[131586,131588,131589,131591],{"id":131490,"depth":105,"text":131587},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131498,"depth":105,"text":131499},{"id":131508,"depth":105,"text":131590},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131521,"depth":105,"text":131592},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132978,"toc":135688},[132979,132985,132990,132993,132996,133007,133009,133078,133080,133094,133099,133104,133109,133111,133154,133156,133239,133241,133287,133293,133295,133297,133317,133319,133342,133344,133418,133420,133439,133444,133446,133450,133522,133524,133538,133542,133618,133620,133639,133643,133737,133739,133748,133755,133831,133833,133851,133855,133858,133865,133914,133916,133925,133932,133991,133993,134011,134014,134021,134080,134082,134100,134107,134164,134166,134175,134179,134184,134188,134247,134249,134267,134271,134318,134323,134326,134395,134397,134414,134421,134427,134482,134487,134490,134567,134569,134587,134593,134599,134659,134661,134680,134686,134689,134696,134749,134754,134756,134817,134826,134833,134835,134892,134897,134899,134970,134974,135029,135031,135040,135045,135051,135120,135122,135154,135160,135168,135175,135181,135246,135248,135257,135263,135344,135346,135355,135360,135374,135381,135385,135390,135418,135420,135553,135556,135593,135595,135601,135610,135615,135618,135623,135628,135634,135637,135646,135649,135651,135680,135685],[10,132980,13,132982,18],{"id":132981},"python-string-join-method",[15,132983,132984],{},"join()",[20,132986,22,132987,132989],{},[15,132988,132984],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132991,132992],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132994,132995],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[162,132997,132998,133004],{},[165,132999,133000,133001,133003],{},"You call ",[15,133002,132984],{}," on the separator string",[165,133005,133006],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[34,133008,3311],{"id":3310},[39,133010,133012],{"className":41,"code":133011,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133013,133014,133047,133068],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133015,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133038,133040,133043,133045],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133017,3776],{"class":54},[48,133019,59],{"class":58},[48,133021,3326],{"class":84},[48,133023,94],{"class":62},[48,133025,7005],{"class":66},[48,133027,94],{"class":62},[48,133029,365],{"class":84},[48,133031,63],{"class":62},[48,133033,11907],{"class":66},[48,133035,94],{"class":62},[48,133037,365],{"class":84},[48,133039,63],{"class":62},[48,133041,133042],{"class":66},"fun",[48,133044,94],{"class":62},[48,133046,3339],{"class":84},[48,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057,133059,133062,133064,133066],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133050,1929],{"class":54},[48,133052,59],{"class":58},[48,133054,63],{"class":62},[48,133056,63],{"class":62},[48,133058,32],{"class":84},[48,133060,133061],{"class":87},"join",[48,133063,91],{"class":84},[48,133065,3819],{"class":87},[48,133067,102],{"class":84},[48,133069,133070,133072,133074,133076],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133071,109],{"class":108},[48,133073,91],{"class":84},[48,133075,1964],{"class":87},[48,133077,102],{"class":84},[20,133079,1037],{},[39,133081,133083],{"className":41,"code":133082,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python is fun\n",[15,133084,133085],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133086,133087,133089,133091],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133088,3277],{"class":54},[48,133090,11907],{"class":58},[48,133092,133093],{"class":54}," fun\n",[20,133095,139,133096,133098],{},[15,133097,132984],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[34,133100,148,133102,152],{"id":133101},"what-join-does",[15,133103,132984],{},[20,133105,133106,133108],{},[15,133107,132984],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133110,11170],{},[162,133112,133113,133120,133148,133151],{},[165,133114,133115,133116,133119],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133117,133118],{},".join()"," as the separator",[165,133121,133122,133123],{},"Common separators are:\n",[162,133124,133125,133131,133137,133143],{},[165,133126,133127,133130],{},[15,133128,133129],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[165,133132,133133,133136],{},[15,133134,133135],{},"\", \""," for commas",[165,133138,133139,133142],{},[15,133140,133141],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[165,133144,133145,133147],{},[15,133146,5980],{}," for no separator",[165,133149,133150],{},"It returns a new string",[165,133152,133153],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133155,182],{},[39,133157,133159],{"className":41,"code":133158,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133160,133161,133193,133215,133219,133229],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133162,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133164,3776],{"class":54},[48,133166,59],{"class":58},[48,133168,3326],{"class":84},[48,133170,94],{"class":62},[48,133172,12806],{"class":66},[48,133174,94],{"class":62},[48,133176,365],{"class":84},[48,133178,63],{"class":62},[48,133180,17173],{"class":66},[48,133182,94],{"class":62},[48,133184,365],{"class":84},[48,133186,63],{"class":62},[48,133188,12823],{"class":66},[48,133190,94],{"class":62},[48,133192,3339],{"class":84},[48,133194,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133196,1929],{"class":54},[48,133198,59],{"class":58},[48,133200,63],{"class":62},[48,133202,1888],{"class":66},[48,133204,94],{"class":62},[48,133206,32],{"class":84},[48,133208,133061],{"class":87},[48,133210,91],{"class":84},[48,133212,3819],{"class":87},[48,133214,102],{"class":84},[48,133216,133217],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133218,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133220,133221,133223,133225,133227],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133222,109],{"class":108},[48,133224,91],{"class":84},[48,133226,1964],{"class":87},[48,133228,102],{"class":84},[48,133230,133231,133233,133235,133237],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,133232,109],{"class":108},[48,133234,91],{"class":84},[48,133236,3819],{"class":87},[48,133238,102],{"class":84},[20,133240,1037],{},[39,133242,133244],{"className":41,"code":133243,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133245,133246,133259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133247,133248,133250,133252,133255,133257],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133249,12806],{"class":54},[48,133251,365],{"class":84},[48,133253,133254],{"class":54}," green",[48,133256,365],{"class":84},[48,133258,35592],{"class":54},[48,133260,133261,133263,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273,133275,133277,133279,133281,133283,133285],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133262,3605],{"class":84},[48,133264,3001],{"class":62},[48,133266,12806],{"class":66},[48,133268,3001],{"class":62},[48,133270,365],{"class":84},[48,133272,2996],{"class":62},[48,133274,17173],{"class":66},[48,133276,3001],{"class":62},[48,133278,365],{"class":84},[48,133280,2996],{"class":62},[48,133282,12823],{"class":66},[48,133284,3001],{"class":62},[48,133286,3339],{"class":84},[20,133288,133289,133290,133292],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133291,132984],{}," creates a new string.",[34,133294,340],{"id":339},[20,133296,6926],{},[39,133298,133300],{"className":41,"code":133299,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133301,133302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133303,133304,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133305,133306],{"class":54},"separator",[48,133308,32],{"class":84},[48,133310,133061],{"class":87},[48,133312,91],{"class":84},[48,133314,3425],{"class":87},[48,133316,102],{"class":84},[1200,133318,48717],{"id":48716},[162,133320,133321,133334,133339],{},[165,133322,133323,133325,133326,1888,133328,1888,133330,1892,133332],{},[15,133324,133306],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133327,133129],{},[15,133329,133135],{},[15,133331,133141],{},[15,133333,5980],{},[165,133335,133336,133338],{},[15,133337,3425],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[165,133340,133341],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133343,182],{},[39,133345,133347],{"className":41,"code":133346,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133348,133349,133381,133404,133408],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133350,133351,133353,133355,133357,133359,133361,133363,133365,133367,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133352,4701],{"class":54},[48,133354,59],{"class":58},[48,133356,3326],{"class":84},[48,133358,94],{"class":62},[48,133360,12594],{"class":66},[48,133362,94],{"class":62},[48,133364,365],{"class":84},[48,133366,63],{"class":62},[48,133368,35652],{"class":66},[48,133370,94],{"class":62},[48,133372,365],{"class":84},[48,133374,63],{"class":62},[48,133376,35661],{"class":66},[48,133378,94],{"class":62},[48,133380,3339],{"class":84},[48,133382,133383,133385,133387,133389,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133384,1929],{"class":54},[48,133386,59],{"class":58},[48,133388,63],{"class":62},[48,133390,133391],{"class":66}," | ",[48,133393,94],{"class":62},[48,133395,32],{"class":84},[48,133397,133061],{"class":87},[48,133399,91],{"class":84},[48,133401,4745],{"class":87},[48,133403,102],{"class":84},[48,133405,133406],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133407,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133409,133410,133412,133414,133416],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133411,109],{"class":108},[48,133413,91],{"class":84},[48,133415,1964],{"class":87},[48,133417,102],{"class":84},[20,133419,1037],{},[39,133421,133423],{"className":41,"code":133422,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133424,133425],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133426,133427,133430,133432,133435,133437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133428,133429],{"class":54},"Ana ",[48,133431,113545],{"class":58},[48,133433,133434],{"class":54}," Ben ",[48,133436,113545],{"class":58},[48,133438,35733],{"class":54},[20,133440,133441,133442,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[224,133443,124785],{"href":50680},[34,133445,121569],{"id":121568},[1200,133447,133449],{"id":133448},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[39,133451,133453],{"className":41,"code":133452,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133454,133455,133488,133508,133512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133456,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133484,133486],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133458,3776],{"class":54},[48,133460,59],{"class":58},[48,133462,3326],{"class":84},[48,133464,94],{"class":62},[48,133466,7005],{"class":66},[48,133468,94],{"class":62},[48,133470,365],{"class":84},[48,133472,63],{"class":62},[48,133474,11907],{"class":66},[48,133476,94],{"class":62},[48,133478,365],{"class":84},[48,133480,63],{"class":62},[48,133482,133483],{"class":66},"easy",[48,133485,94],{"class":62},[48,133487,3339],{"class":84},[48,133489,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133491,1929],{"class":54},[48,133493,59],{"class":58},[48,133495,63],{"class":62},[48,133497,63],{"class":62},[48,133499,32],{"class":84},[48,133501,133061],{"class":87},[48,133503,91],{"class":84},[48,133505,3819],{"class":87},[48,133507,102],{"class":84},[48,133509,133510],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133511,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133513,133514,133516,133518,133520],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133515,109],{"class":108},[48,133517,91],{"class":84},[48,133519,1964],{"class":87},[48,133521,102],{"class":84},[20,133523,1037],{},[39,133525,133527],{"className":41,"code":133526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python is easy\n",[15,133528,133529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133530,133531,133533,133535],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133532,3277],{"class":54},[48,133534,11907],{"class":58},[48,133536,133537],{"class":54}," easy\n",[1200,133539,133541],{"id":133540},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[39,133543,133545],{"className":41,"code":133544,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133546,133547,133582,133604,133608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133548,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133560,133562,133564,133566,133569,133571,133573,133575,133578,133580],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133550,7489],{"class":54},[48,133552,59],{"class":58},[48,133554,3326],{"class":84},[48,133556,94],{"class":62},[48,133558,133559],{"class":66},"apples",[48,133561,94],{"class":62},[48,133563,365],{"class":84},[48,133565,63],{"class":62},[48,133567,133568],{"class":66},"bananas",[48,133570,94],{"class":62},[48,133572,365],{"class":84},[48,133574,63],{"class":62},[48,133576,133577],{"class":66},"oranges",[48,133579,94],{"class":62},[48,133581,3339],{"class":84},[48,133583,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133585,1929],{"class":54},[48,133587,59],{"class":58},[48,133589,63],{"class":62},[48,133591,1888],{"class":66},[48,133593,94],{"class":62},[48,133595,32],{"class":84},[48,133597,133061],{"class":87},[48,133599,91],{"class":84},[48,133601,7520],{"class":87},[48,133603,102],{"class":84},[48,133605,133606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133607,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133609,133610,133612,133614,133616],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133611,109],{"class":108},[48,133613,91],{"class":84},[48,133615,1964],{"class":87},[48,133617,102],{"class":84},[20,133619,1037],{},[39,133621,133623],{"className":41,"code":133622,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133624,133625],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133626,133627,133629,133631,133634,133636],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133628,133559],{"class":54},[48,133630,365],{"class":84},[48,133632,133633],{"class":54}," bananas",[48,133635,365],{"class":84},[48,133637,133638],{"class":54}," oranges\n",[1200,133640,133642],{"id":133641},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[39,133644,133646],{"className":41,"code":133645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133647,133648,133705,133723,133727],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133649,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673,133675,133677,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133651,35800],{"class":54},[48,133653,59],{"class":58},[48,133655,3326],{"class":84},[48,133657,94],{"class":62},[48,133659,133660],{"class":66},"P",[48,133662,94],{"class":62},[48,133664,365],{"class":84},[48,133666,63],{"class":62},[48,133668,11458],{"class":66},[48,133670,94],{"class":62},[48,133672,365],{"class":84},[48,133674,63],{"class":62},[48,133676,436],{"class":66},[48,133678,94],{"class":62},[48,133680,365],{"class":84},[48,133682,63],{"class":62},[48,133684,60136],{"class":66},[48,133686,94],{"class":62},[48,133688,365],{"class":84},[48,133690,63],{"class":62},[48,133692,60170],{"class":66},[48,133694,94],{"class":62},[48,133696,365],{"class":84},[48,133698,63],{"class":62},[48,133700,954],{"class":66},[48,133702,94],{"class":62},[48,133704,3339],{"class":84},[48,133706,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133708,1929],{"class":54},[48,133710,59],{"class":58},[48,133712,5834],{"class":62},[48,133714,32],{"class":84},[48,133716,133061],{"class":87},[48,133718,91],{"class":84},[48,133720,35853],{"class":87},[48,133722,102],{"class":84},[48,133724,133725],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133726,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133728,133729,133731,133733,133735],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133730,109],{"class":108},[48,133732,91],{"class":84},[48,133734,1964],{"class":87},[48,133736,102],{"class":84},[20,133738,1037],{},[39,133740,133742],{"className":41,"code":133741,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python\n",[15,133743,133744],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133745,133746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133747,133741],{"class":54},[1200,133749,133751,133752,133754],{"id":133750},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133753,132984],{}," returns the result",[39,133756,133758],{"className":41,"code":133757,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133759,133760,133793,133816,133820],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133761,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133789,133791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133763,3776],{"class":54},[48,133765,59],{"class":58},[48,133767,3326],{"class":84},[48,133769,94],{"class":62},[48,133771,6293],{"class":66},[48,133773,94],{"class":62},[48,133775,365],{"class":84},[48,133777,63],{"class":62},[48,133779,78955],{"class":66},[48,133781,94],{"class":62},[48,133783,365],{"class":84},[48,133785,63],{"class":62},[48,133787,133788],{"class":66},"three",[48,133790,94],{"class":62},[48,133792,3339],{"class":84},[48,133794,133795,133798,133800,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133796,133797],{"class":54},"joined_text ",[48,133799,59],{"class":58},[48,133801,63],{"class":62},[48,133803,1724],{"class":66},[48,133805,94],{"class":62},[48,133807,32],{"class":84},[48,133809,133061],{"class":87},[48,133811,91],{"class":84},[48,133813,3819],{"class":87},[48,133815,102],{"class":84},[48,133817,133818],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,133819,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,133821,133822,133824,133826,133829],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,133823,109],{"class":108},[48,133825,91],{"class":84},[48,133827,133828],{"class":87},"joined_text",[48,133830,102],{"class":84},[20,133832,1037],{},[39,133834,133836],{"className":41,"code":133835,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"one-two-three\n",[15,133837,133838],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133839,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133841,6293],{"class":54},[48,133843,1724],{"class":58},[48,133845,78955],{"class":54},[48,133847,1724],{"class":58},[48,133849,133850],{"class":54},"three\n",[34,133852,133854],{"id":133853},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133856,133857],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1200,133859,133861,133864],{"id":133860},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133862,133863],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[39,133866,133868],{"className":41,"code":133867,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133869,133870,133894],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133871,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133873,3776],{"class":54},[48,133875,59],{"class":58},[48,133877,3326],{"class":84},[48,133879,94],{"class":62},[48,133881,1008],{"class":66},[48,133883,94],{"class":62},[48,133885,365],{"class":84},[48,133887,63],{"class":62},[48,133889,97],{"class":66},[48,133891,94],{"class":62},[48,133893,3339],{"class":84},[48,133895,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133897,109],{"class":108},[48,133899,91],{"class":84},[48,133901,94],{"class":62},[48,133903,63],{"class":62},[48,133905,32],{"class":84},[48,133907,133061],{"class":87},[48,133909,91],{"class":84},[48,133911,3819],{"class":87},[48,133913,1034],{"class":84},[20,133915,1037],{},[39,133917,133919],{"className":41,"code":133918,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\n",[15,133920,133921],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133922,133923],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133924,133918],{"class":54},[1200,133926,133928,133931],{"id":133927},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133929,133930],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[39,133933,133935],{"className":41,"code":133934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133936,133937,133969],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133938,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,133940,12789],{"class":54},[48,133942,59],{"class":58},[48,133944,3326],{"class":84},[48,133946,94],{"class":62},[48,133948,12806],{"class":66},[48,133950,94],{"class":62},[48,133952,365],{"class":84},[48,133954,63],{"class":62},[48,133956,12823],{"class":66},[48,133958,94],{"class":62},[48,133960,365],{"class":84},[48,133962,63],{"class":62},[48,133964,17173],{"class":66},[48,133966,94],{"class":62},[48,133968,3339],{"class":84},[48,133970,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,133972,109],{"class":108},[48,133974,91],{"class":84},[48,133976,94],{"class":62},[48,133978,1888],{"class":66},[48,133980,94],{"class":62},[48,133982,32],{"class":84},[48,133984,133061],{"class":87},[48,133986,91],{"class":84},[48,133988,17220],{"class":87},[48,133990,1034],{"class":84},[20,133992,1037],{},[39,133994,133996],{"className":41,"code":133995,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133997,133998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,133999,134000,134002,134004,134007,134009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134001,12806],{"class":54},[48,134003,365],{"class":84},[48,134005,134006],{"class":54}," blue",[48,134008,365],{"class":84},[48,134010,35585],{"class":54},[20,134012,134013],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1200,134015,134017,134020],{"id":134016},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134018,134019],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[39,134022,134024],{"className":41,"code":134023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134025,134026,134058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134027,134028,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134029,42544],{"class":54},[48,134031,59],{"class":58},[48,134033,3326],{"class":84},[48,134035,94],{"class":62},[48,134037,43],{"class":66},[48,134039,94],{"class":62},[48,134041,365],{"class":84},[48,134043,63],{"class":62},[48,134045,353],{"class":66},[48,134047,94],{"class":62},[48,134049,365],{"class":84},[48,134051,63],{"class":62},[48,134053,133061],{"class":66},[48,134055,94],{"class":62},[48,134057,3339],{"class":84},[48,134059,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134061,109],{"class":108},[48,134063,91],{"class":84},[48,134065,94],{"class":62},[48,134067,1724],{"class":66},[48,134069,94],{"class":62},[48,134071,32],{"class":84},[48,134073,133061],{"class":87},[48,134075,91],{"class":84},[48,134077,42575],{"class":87},[48,134079,1034],{"class":84},[20,134081,1037],{},[39,134083,134085],{"className":41,"code":134084,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"python-string-join\n",[15,134086,134087],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134088,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134090,43],{"class":54},[48,134092,1724],{"class":58},[48,134094,353],{"class":54},[48,134096,1724],{"class":58},[48,134098,134099],{"class":54},"join\n",[1200,134101,134103,134106],{"id":134102},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134104,134105],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[39,134108,134110],{"className":41,"code":134109,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134111,134112,134145],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134113,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134138,134141,134143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134115,112617],{"class":54},[48,134117,59],{"class":58},[48,134119,3326],{"class":84},[48,134121,94],{"class":62},[48,134123,21960],{"class":66},[48,134125,94],{"class":62},[48,134127,365],{"class":84},[48,134129,63],{"class":62},[48,134131,30311],{"class":66},[48,134133,94],{"class":62},[48,134135,365],{"class":84},[48,134137,63],{"class":62},[48,134139,134140],{"class":66},"C",[48,134142,94],{"class":62},[48,134144,3339],{"class":84},[48,134146,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134162],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134148,109],{"class":108},[48,134150,91],{"class":84},[48,134152,5980],{"class":62},[48,134154,32],{"class":84},[48,134156,133061],{"class":87},[48,134158,91],{"class":84},[48,134160,134161],{"class":87},"chars",[48,134163,1034],{"class":84},[20,134165,1037],{},[39,134167,134169],{"className":41,"code":134168,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ABC\n",[15,134170,134171],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134172,134173],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134174,134168],{"class":34166},[34,134176,134178],{"id":134177},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134180,134181,134183],{},[15,134182,132984],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1200,134185,134187],{"id":134186},"this-works","This works",[39,134189,134191],{"className":41,"code":134190,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134192,134193,134225],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134194,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134196,3528],{"class":54},[48,134198,59],{"class":58},[48,134200,3326],{"class":84},[48,134202,94],{"class":62},[48,134204,2031],{"class":66},[48,134206,94],{"class":62},[48,134208,365],{"class":84},[48,134210,63],{"class":62},[48,134212,15470],{"class":66},[48,134214,94],{"class":62},[48,134216,365],{"class":84},[48,134218,63],{"class":62},[48,134220,36552],{"class":66},[48,134222,94],{"class":62},[48,134224,3339],{"class":84},[48,134226,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134228,109],{"class":108},[48,134230,91],{"class":84},[48,134232,94],{"class":62},[48,134234,1888],{"class":66},[48,134236,94],{"class":62},[48,134238,32],{"class":84},[48,134240,133061],{"class":87},[48,134242,91],{"class":84},[48,134244,5065],{"class":87},[48,134246,1034],{"class":84},[20,134248,1037],{},[39,134250,134252],{"className":41,"code":134251,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134253,134254],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134255,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134257,2031],{"class":488},[48,134259,365],{"class":84},[48,134261,7500],{"class":488},[48,134263,365],{"class":84},[48,134265,134266],{"class":488}," 30\n",[1200,134268,134270],{"id":134269},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[39,134272,134274],{"className":41,"code":134273,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134275,134276,134296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134277,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134279,3528],{"class":54},[48,134281,59],{"class":58},[48,134283,3326],{"class":84},[48,134285,272],{"class":488},[48,134287,365],{"class":84},[48,134289,489],{"class":488},[48,134291,365],{"class":84},[48,134293,2152],{"class":488},[48,134295,3339],{"class":84},[48,134297,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134299,109],{"class":108},[48,134301,91],{"class":84},[48,134303,94],{"class":62},[48,134305,1888],{"class":66},[48,134307,94],{"class":62},[48,134309,32],{"class":84},[48,134311,133061],{"class":87},[48,134313,91],{"class":84},[48,134315,5065],{"class":87},[48,134317,1034],{"class":84},[20,134319,89995,134320,134322],{},[15,134321,2703],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134324,134325],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[39,134327,134329],{"className":41,"code":134328,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134330,134331,134351,134381,134385],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134332,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134334,3528],{"class":54},[48,134336,59],{"class":58},[48,134338,3326],{"class":84},[48,134340,272],{"class":488},[48,134342,365],{"class":84},[48,134344,489],{"class":488},[48,134346,365],{"class":84},[48,134348,2152],{"class":488},[48,134350,3339],{"class":84},[48,134352,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377,134379],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134354,1929],{"class":54},[48,134356,59],{"class":58},[48,134358,63],{"class":62},[48,134360,1888],{"class":66},[48,134362,94],{"class":62},[48,134364,32],{"class":84},[48,134366,133061],{"class":87},[48,134368,91],{"class":84},[48,134370,39569],{"class":108},[48,134372,91],{"class":84},[48,134374,3144],{"class":1047},[48,134376,365],{"class":84},[48,134378,3590],{"class":87},[48,134380,1034],{"class":84},[48,134382,134383],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,134384,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,134388,109],{"class":108},[48,134390,91],{"class":84},[48,134392,1964],{"class":87},[48,134394,102],{"class":84},[20,134396,1037],{},[39,134398,134400],{"className":41,"code":134399,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134401,134402],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134403,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134405,272],{"class":488},[48,134407,365],{"class":84},[48,134409,489],{"class":488},[48,134411,365],{"class":84},[48,134413,2276],{"class":488},[20,134415,134416,134417,32],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[224,134418,3277,134419,3210],{"href":41882},[15,134420,47390],{},[1200,134422,134424,134426],{"id":134423},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134425,3483],{}," values do not work directly",[39,134428,134430],{"className":41,"code":134429,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134431,134432,134460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134433,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134435,3528],{"class":54},[48,134437,59],{"class":58},[48,134439,3326],{"class":84},[48,134441,94],{"class":62},[48,134443,3785],{"class":66},[48,134445,94],{"class":62},[48,134447,365],{"class":84},[48,134449,3557],{"class":3556},[48,134451,365],{"class":84},[48,134453,63],{"class":62},[48,134455,198],{"class":66},[48,134457,94],{"class":62},[48,134459,3339],{"class":84},[48,134461,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134463,109],{"class":108},[48,134465,91],{"class":84},[48,134467,94],{"class":62},[48,134469,1888],{"class":66},[48,134471,94],{"class":62},[48,134473,32],{"class":84},[48,134475,133061],{"class":87},[48,134477,91],{"class":84},[48,134479,5065],{"class":87},[48,134481,1034],{"class":84},[20,134483,134484,134485,32],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134486,2703],{},[20,134488,134489],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[39,134491,134493],{"className":41,"code":134492,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134494,134495,134523,134553,134557],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134496,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517,134519,134521],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134498,3528],{"class":54},[48,134500,59],{"class":58},[48,134502,3326],{"class":84},[48,134504,94],{"class":62},[48,134506,3785],{"class":66},[48,134508,94],{"class":62},[48,134510,365],{"class":84},[48,134512,3557],{"class":3556},[48,134514,365],{"class":84},[48,134516,63],{"class":62},[48,134518,198],{"class":66},[48,134520,94],{"class":62},[48,134522,3339],{"class":84},[48,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134526,1929],{"class":54},[48,134528,59],{"class":58},[48,134530,63],{"class":62},[48,134532,1888],{"class":66},[48,134534,94],{"class":62},[48,134536,32],{"class":84},[48,134538,133061],{"class":87},[48,134540,91],{"class":84},[48,134542,39569],{"class":108},[48,134544,91],{"class":84},[48,134546,3144],{"class":1047},[48,134548,365],{"class":84},[48,134550,3590],{"class":87},[48,134552,1034],{"class":84},[48,134554,134555],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,134556,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,134558,134559,134561,134563,134565],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,134560,109],{"class":108},[48,134562,91],{"class":84},[48,134564,1964],{"class":87},[48,134566,102],{"class":84},[20,134568,1037],{},[39,134570,134572],{"className":41,"code":134571,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134573,134574],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134575,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134577,3785],{"class":54},[48,134579,365],{"class":84},[48,134581,3557],{"class":3556},[48,134583,365],{"class":84},[48,134585,134586],{"class":54}," banana\n",[20,134588,134589,134590,134592],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134591,3483],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1200,134594,134596,134598],{"id":134595},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134597,132984],{}," also works with tuples",[39,134600,134602],{"className":41,"code":134601,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134603,134604,134636],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134605,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134607,4701],{"class":54},[48,134609,59],{"class":58},[48,134611,8948],{"class":84},[48,134613,94],{"class":62},[48,134615,7386],{"class":66},[48,134617,94],{"class":62},[48,134619,365],{"class":84},[48,134621,63],{"class":62},[48,134623,131105],{"class":66},[48,134625,94],{"class":62},[48,134627,365],{"class":84},[48,134629,63],{"class":62},[48,134631,7632],{"class":66},[48,134633,94],{"class":62},[48,134635,102],{"class":84},[48,134637,134638,134640,134642,134644,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134639,109],{"class":108},[48,134641,91],{"class":84},[48,134643,94],{"class":62},[48,134645,134646],{"class":66}," \u002F ",[48,134648,94],{"class":62},[48,134650,32],{"class":84},[48,134652,133061],{"class":87},[48,134654,91],{"class":84},[48,134656,4745],{"class":87},[48,134658,1034],{"class":84},[20,134660,1037],{},[39,134662,134664],{"className":41,"code":134663,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134665,134666],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134667,134668,134671,134673,134676,134678],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134669,134670],{"class":54},"Sam ",[48,134672,126920],{"class":58},[48,134674,134675],{"class":54}," Lee ",[48,134677,126920],{"class":58},[48,134679,22049],{"class":54},[34,134681,134683,134684],{"id":134682},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134685,132984],{},[20,134687,134688],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1200,134690,134692,134693,134695],{"id":134691},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134694,2703],{}," because not all items are strings",[39,134697,134699],{"className":41,"code":134698,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134700,134701,134729],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134702,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134704,7489],{"class":54},[48,134706,59],{"class":58},[48,134708,3326],{"class":84},[48,134710,94],{"class":62},[48,134712,224],{"class":66},[48,134714,94],{"class":62},[48,134716,365],{"class":84},[48,134718,489],{"class":488},[48,134720,365],{"class":84},[48,134722,63],{"class":62},[48,134724,632],{"class":66},[48,134726,94],{"class":62},[48,134728,3339],{"class":84},[48,134730,134731,134733,134735,134737,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134732,109],{"class":108},[48,134734,91],{"class":84},[48,134736,94],{"class":62},[48,134738,63],{"class":62},[48,134740,32],{"class":84},[48,134742,133061],{"class":87},[48,134744,91],{"class":84},[48,134746,7520],{"class":87},[48,134748,1034],{"class":84},[20,134750,48217,134751,134753],{},[15,134752,280],{}," is an integer.",[20,134755,38971],{},[39,134757,134759],{"className":41,"code":134758,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134760,134761,134789],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134762,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134764,7489],{"class":54},[48,134766,59],{"class":58},[48,134768,3326],{"class":84},[48,134770,94],{"class":62},[48,134772,224],{"class":66},[48,134774,94],{"class":62},[48,134776,365],{"class":84},[48,134778,489],{"class":488},[48,134780,365],{"class":84},[48,134782,63],{"class":62},[48,134784,632],{"class":66},[48,134786,94],{"class":62},[48,134788,3339],{"class":84},[48,134790,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134792,109],{"class":108},[48,134794,91],{"class":84},[48,134796,94],{"class":62},[48,134798,63],{"class":62},[48,134800,32],{"class":84},[48,134802,133061],{"class":87},[48,134804,91],{"class":84},[48,134806,39569],{"class":108},[48,134808,91],{"class":84},[48,134810,3144],{"class":1047},[48,134812,365],{"class":84},[48,134814,5673],{"class":87},[48,134816,2610],{"class":84},[20,134818,134819,134820,32],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[224,134821,1179,134823],{"href":134822},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134824,134825],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1200,134827,134829,134830,134832],{"id":134828},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134831,132984],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134834,4232],{},[39,134836,134838],{"className":41,"code":134837,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134839,134840,134872],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134841,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134843,3776],{"class":54},[48,134845,59],{"class":58},[48,134847,3326],{"class":84},[48,134849,94],{"class":62},[48,134851,7005],{"class":66},[48,134853,94],{"class":62},[48,134855,365],{"class":84},[48,134857,63],{"class":62},[48,134859,11907],{"class":66},[48,134861,94],{"class":62},[48,134863,365],{"class":84},[48,134865,63],{"class":62},[48,134867,133042],{"class":66},[48,134869,94],{"class":62},[48,134871,3339],{"class":84},[48,134873,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134875,1929],{"class":54},[48,134877,59],{"class":58},[48,134879,5876],{"class":54},[48,134881,32],{"class":84},[48,134883,133061],{"class":87},[48,134885,91],{"class":84},[48,134887,94],{"class":62},[48,134889,63],{"class":62},[48,134891,102],{"class":84},[20,134893,134894,134896],{},[15,134895,132984],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134898,10519],{},[39,134900,134902],{"className":41,"code":134901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134903,134904,134936,134956,134960],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134905,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134907,3776],{"class":54},[48,134909,59],{"class":58},[48,134911,3326],{"class":84},[48,134913,94],{"class":62},[48,134915,7005],{"class":66},[48,134917,94],{"class":62},[48,134919,365],{"class":84},[48,134921,63],{"class":62},[48,134923,11907],{"class":66},[48,134925,94],{"class":62},[48,134927,365],{"class":84},[48,134929,63],{"class":62},[48,134931,133042],{"class":66},[48,134933,94],{"class":62},[48,134935,3339],{"class":84},[48,134937,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,134939,1929],{"class":54},[48,134941,59],{"class":58},[48,134943,63],{"class":62},[48,134945,63],{"class":62},[48,134947,32],{"class":84},[48,134949,133061],{"class":87},[48,134951,91],{"class":84},[48,134953,3819],{"class":87},[48,134955,102],{"class":84},[48,134957,134958],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,134959,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,134961,134962,134964,134966,134968],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,134963,109],{"class":108},[48,134965,91],{"class":84},[48,134967,1964],{"class":87},[48,134969,102],{"class":84},[1200,134971,134973],{"id":134972},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[39,134975,134977],{"className":41,"code":134976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134978,134979,135011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,134980,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,134982,3776],{"class":54},[48,134984,59],{"class":58},[48,134986,3326],{"class":84},[48,134988,94],{"class":62},[48,134990,6293],{"class":66},[48,134992,94],{"class":62},[48,134994,365],{"class":84},[48,134996,63],{"class":62},[48,134998,78955],{"class":66},[48,135000,94],{"class":62},[48,135002,365],{"class":84},[48,135004,63],{"class":62},[48,135006,133788],{"class":66},[48,135008,94],{"class":62},[48,135010,3339],{"class":84},[48,135012,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135014,109],{"class":108},[48,135016,91],{"class":84},[48,135018,5980],{"class":62},[48,135020,32],{"class":84},[48,135022,133061],{"class":87},[48,135024,91],{"class":84},[48,135026,3819],{"class":87},[48,135028,1034],{"class":84},[20,135030,1037],{},[39,135032,135034],{"className":41,"code":135033,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"onetwothree\n",[15,135035,135036],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135037,135038],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135039,135033],{"class":54},[20,135041,135042,135043,1575],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135044,133129],{},[1200,135046,135048,135049,131367],{"id":135047},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135050,132984],{},[39,135052,135054],{"className":41,"code":135053,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135055,135056,135088,135106,135110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135057,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135059,3776],{"class":54},[48,135061,59],{"class":58},[48,135063,3326],{"class":84},[48,135065,94],{"class":62},[48,135067,224],{"class":66},[48,135069,94],{"class":62},[48,135071,365],{"class":84},[48,135073,63],{"class":62},[48,135075,4466],{"class":66},[48,135077,94],{"class":62},[48,135079,365],{"class":84},[48,135081,63],{"class":62},[48,135083,632],{"class":66},[48,135085,94],{"class":62},[48,135087,3339],{"class":84},[48,135089,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135091,94],{"class":43035},[48,135093,1724],{"class":43039},[48,135095,94],{"class":43035},[48,135097,32],{"class":84},[48,135099,133061],{"class":87},[48,135101,91],{"class":84},[48,135103,3819],{"class":87},[48,135105,102],{"class":84},[48,135107,135108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135109,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,135111,135112,135114,135116,135118],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,135113,109],{"class":108},[48,135115,91],{"class":84},[48,135117,3819],{"class":87},[48,135119,102],{"class":84},[20,135121,1037],{},[39,135123,135124],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,135125,135126],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135127,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135129,3605],{"class":84},[48,135131,3001],{"class":62},[48,135133,224],{"class":66},[48,135135,3001],{"class":62},[48,135137,365],{"class":84},[48,135139,2996],{"class":62},[48,135141,4466],{"class":66},[48,135143,3001],{"class":62},[48,135145,365],{"class":84},[48,135147,2996],{"class":62},[48,135149,632],{"class":66},[48,135151,3001],{"class":62},[48,135153,3339],{"class":84},[20,135155,135156,135157,135159],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135158,132984],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[34,135161,135163,135165,135166],{"id":135162},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135164,132984],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135167,1761],{},[20,135169,10302,135170,500,135172,135174],{},[15,135171,132984],{},[15,135173,1761],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1200,135176,139,135178,135180],{"id":135177},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135179,1761],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[39,135182,135184],{"className":41,"code":135183,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135185,135186,135199,135212,135232,135236],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135187,135188,135191,135193,135195,135197],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135189,135190],{"class":54},"first ",[48,135192,59],{"class":58},[48,135194,63],{"class":62},[48,135196,299],{"class":66},[48,135198,70],{"class":62},[48,135200,135201,135204,135206,135208,135210],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135202,135203],{"class":54},"second ",[48,135205,59],{"class":58},[48,135207,63],{"class":62},[48,135209,89424],{"class":66},[48,135211,70],{"class":62},[48,135213,135214,135216,135218,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135215,1929],{"class":54},[48,135217,59],{"class":58},[48,135219,135220],{"class":54}," first ",[48,135222,1761],{"class":58},[48,135224,63],{"class":62},[48,135226,63],{"class":62},[48,135228,2155],{"class":58},[48,135230,135231],{"class":54}," second\n",[48,135233,135234],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,135235,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,135237,135238,135240,135242,135244],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,135239,109],{"class":108},[48,135241,91],{"class":84},[48,135243,1964],{"class":87},[48,135245,102],{"class":84},[20,135247,1037],{},[39,135249,135251],{"className":41,"code":135250,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Hello World\n",[15,135252,135253],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135254,135255],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135256,135250],{"class":54},[1200,135258,139,135260,135262],{"id":135259},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135261,132984],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[39,135264,135266],{"className":41,"code":135265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135267,135268,135310,135330,135334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135269,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135289,135291,135293,135295,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135271,3776],{"class":54},[48,135273,59],{"class":58},[48,135275,3326],{"class":84},[48,135277,94],{"class":62},[48,135279,7005],{"class":66},[48,135281,94],{"class":62},[48,135283,365],{"class":84},[48,135285,63],{"class":62},[48,135287,135288],{"class":66},"makes",[48,135290,94],{"class":62},[48,135292,365],{"class":84},[48,135294,63],{"class":62},[48,135296,135297],{"class":66},"this",[48,135299,94],{"class":62},[48,135301,365],{"class":84},[48,135303,63],{"class":62},[48,135305,133483],{"class":66},[48,135307,94],{"class":62},[48,135309,3339],{"class":84},[48,135311,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135313,1929],{"class":54},[48,135315,59],{"class":58},[48,135317,63],{"class":62},[48,135319,63],{"class":62},[48,135321,32],{"class":84},[48,135323,133061],{"class":87},[48,135325,91],{"class":84},[48,135327,3819],{"class":87},[48,135329,102],{"class":84},[48,135331,135332],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135333,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,135335,135336,135338,135340,135342],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,135337,109],{"class":108},[48,135339,91],{"class":84},[48,135341,1964],{"class":87},[48,135343,102],{"class":84},[20,135345,1037],{},[39,135347,135349],{"className":41,"code":135348,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135350,135351],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135352,135353],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135354,135348],{"class":54},[20,135356,135357,135359],{},[15,135358,132984],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[162,135361,135362,135365,135368],{},[165,135363,135364],{},"You already have a list of strings",[165,135366,135367],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[165,135369,135370,135371,135373],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135372,1761],{}," operators",[20,135375,135376,135377,32],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[224,135378,135380],{"href":135379},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[34,135382,135384],{"id":135383},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135386,8586,135387,135389],{},[15,135388,132984],{}," is not working, check these first:",[162,135391,135392,135395,135400,135409,135415],{},[165,135393,135394],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[165,135396,135397,135398],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135399,3483],{},[165,135401,135402,135403,10804,135406],{},"You may have written ",[15,135404,135405],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135407,135408],{},"string.join(...)",[165,135410,135411,135412,135414],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135413,132984],{}," to change the original iterable",[165,135416,135417],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135419,94063],{},[39,135421,135423],{"className":41,"code":135422,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135424,135425,135439,135449,135473,135513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135426,135427,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135428,109],{"class":108},[48,135430,91],{"class":84},[48,135432,2921],{"class":1047},[48,135434,91],{"class":84},[48,135436,7520],{"class":87},[48,135438,1034],{"class":84},[48,135440,135441,135443,135445,135447],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135442,109],{"class":108},[48,135444,91],{"class":84},[48,135446,7520],{"class":87},[48,135448,102],{"class":84},[48,135450,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135452,109],{"class":108},[48,135454,2684],{"class":84},[48,135456,2921],{"class":1047},[48,135458,91],{"class":84},[48,135460,23026],{"class":87},[48,135462,3366],{"class":84},[48,135464,3581],{"class":1107},[48,135466,5668],{"class":87},[48,135468,3587],{"class":1107},[48,135470,5673],{"class":87},[48,135472,3593],{"class":84},[48,135474,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,135476,109],{"class":108},[48,135478,91],{"class":84},[48,135480,3001],{"class":62},[48,135482,2996],{"class":62},[48,135484,32],{"class":84},[48,135486,133061],{"class":87},[48,135488,2684],{"class":84},[48,135490,3001],{"class":62},[48,135492,224],{"class":66},[48,135494,3001],{"class":62},[48,135496,365],{"class":84},[48,135498,2996],{"class":62},[48,135500,4466],{"class":66},[48,135502,3001],{"class":62},[48,135504,365],{"class":84},[48,135506,2996],{"class":62},[48,135508,632],{"class":66},[48,135510,3001],{"class":62},[48,135512,2697],{"class":84},[48,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,135516,109],{"class":108},[48,135518,91],{"class":84},[48,135520,3001],{"class":62},[48,135522,1888],{"class":66},[48,135524,3001],{"class":62},[48,135526,32],{"class":84},[48,135528,133061],{"class":87},[48,135530,91],{"class":84},[48,135532,39569],{"class":108},[48,135534,91],{"class":84},[48,135536,3144],{"class":1047},[48,135538,365],{"class":84},[48,135540,3326],{"class":84},[48,135542,272],{"class":488},[48,135544,365],{"class":84},[48,135546,489],{"class":488},[48,135548,365],{"class":84},[48,135550,2152],{"class":488},[48,135552,36975],{"class":84},[20,135554,135555],{},"What these checks do:",[162,135557,135558,135566,135572,135578,135587],{},[165,135559,135560,135563,135564,7807],{},[15,135561,135562],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135565,7520],{},[165,135567,135568,135571],{},[15,135569,135570],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[165,135573,135574,135577],{},[15,135575,135576],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[165,135579,135580,135583,135584,135586],{},[15,135581,135582],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135585,132984],{}," behavior",[165,135588,135589,135592],{},[15,135590,135591],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[34,135594,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,135596,12418,135598,135600],{"id":135597},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135599,132984],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135602,135603,135604,135606,135607,32],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135605,132984],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135608,135609],{},"map(str, values)",[1200,135611,12418,135613,56863],{"id":135612},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135614,132984],{},[20,135616,135617],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1200,135619,28044,135621,62329],{"id":135620},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135622,132984],{},[20,135624,41859,135625,135627],{},[15,135626,132984],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1200,135629,4849,135631,39670],{"id":135630},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135632,135633],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135635,135636],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1200,135638,135640,135641,135643,135644,1564],{"id":135639},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135642,2703],{}," when using ",[15,135645,132984],{},[20,135647,135648],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[34,135650,1599],{"id":1598},[162,135652,135653,135658,135664,135670,135676],{},[165,135654,135655],{},[224,135656,135657],{"href":135379},"How to join strings in Python",[165,135659,135660],{},[224,135661,126028,135662,754],{"href":128709},[15,135663,60228],{},[165,135665,135666],{},[224,135667,3277,135668,3210],{"href":41882},[15,135669,47390],{},[165,135671,135672],{},[224,135673,1629,135674],{"href":134822},[15,135675,134825],{},[165,135677,135678],{},[224,135679,124785],{"href":50680},[20,135681,97033,135682,135684],{},[15,135683,132984],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1633,135686,135687],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":135689},[135690,135691,135693,135696,135703,135713,135721,135731,135738,135739,135751],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":133101,"depth":73,"text":135692},"What join() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":135694},[135695],{"id":48716,"depth":105,"text":48717},{"id":121568,"depth":73,"text":121569,"children":135697},[135698,135699,135700,135701],{"id":133448,"depth":105,"text":133449},{"id":133540,"depth":105,"text":133541},{"id":133641,"depth":105,"text":133642},{"id":133750,"depth":105,"text":135702},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133853,"depth":73,"text":133854,"children":135704},[135705,135707,135709,135711],{"id":133860,"depth":105,"text":135706},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133927,"depth":105,"text":135708},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134016,"depth":105,"text":135710},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134102,"depth":105,"text":135712},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134177,"depth":73,"text":134178,"children":135714},[135715,135716,135717,135719],{"id":134186,"depth":105,"text":134187},{"id":134269,"depth":105,"text":134270},{"id":134423,"depth":105,"text":135718},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134595,"depth":105,"text":135720},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134682,"depth":73,"text":135722,"children":135723},"Common errors with join()",[135724,135726,135728,135729],{"id":134691,"depth":105,"text":135725},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134828,"depth":105,"text":135727},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134972,"depth":105,"text":134973},{"id":135047,"depth":105,"text":135730},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135162,"depth":73,"text":135732,"children":135733},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135734,135736],{"id":135177,"depth":105,"text":135735},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135259,"depth":105,"text":135737},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135383,"depth":73,"text":135384},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":135740},[135741,135743,135745,135747,135749],{"id":135597,"depth":105,"text":135742},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135612,"depth":105,"text":135744},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135620,"depth":105,"text":135746},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135630,"depth":105,"text":135748},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135639,"depth":105,"text":135750},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132976,"description":135752},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135759,"title":135760,"body":135761,"description":137329,"extension":1666,"meta":137330,"navigation":122,"path":137331,"seo":137332,"stem":137333,"__hash__":137334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135762,"toc":137296},[135763,135768,135773,135775,135789,135834,135841,135846,135851,135853,135869,135878,135880,135882,135897,135899,135909,135911,135973,135975,135978,136039,136041,136057,136059,136072,136075,136122,136124,136130,136133,136136,136196,136204,136290,136294,136299,136301,136315,136318,136403,136406,136464,136475,136530,136532,136539,136545,136551,136595,136598,136645,136647,136649,136656,136658,136689,136692,136694,136725,136729,136732,136734,136774,136776,136819,136825,136830,136832,136859,136864,136867,136916,136920,136923,136998,137009,137012,137069,137076,137082,137090,137095,137102,137109,137127,137129,137183,137191,137193,137198,137201,137207,137213,137218,137221,137227,137233,137240,137248,137250,137293],[10,135764,13,135766,18],{"id":135765},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135767,123764],{},[20,135769,22,135770,135772],{},[15,135771,123764],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135774,23803],{},[162,135776,135777,135780,135783,135786],{},[165,135778,135779],{},"convert text to lowercase",[165,135781,135782],{},"compare text without case differences",[165,135784,135785],{},"clean up user input",[165,135787,135788],{},"make simple text matching easier",[39,135790,135792],{"className":41,"code":135791,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135793,135794,135807,135821],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802,135805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135797,55],{"class":54},[48,135799,59],{"class":58},[48,135801,63],{"class":62},[48,135803,135804],{"class":66},"Hello WORLD",[48,135806,70],{"class":62},[48,135808,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135810,1929],{"class":54},[48,135812,59],{"class":58},[48,135814,81],{"class":54},[48,135816,32],{"class":84},[48,135818,8350],{"class":87},[48,135820,8353],{"class":84},[48,135822,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135824,109],{"class":108},[48,135826,91],{"class":84},[48,135828,1964],{"class":87},[48,135830,3366],{"class":84},[48,135832,135833],{"class":129},"  # hello world\n",[20,135835,135836,88647,135838,135840],{},[565,135837,83505],{},[15,135839,123764],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[34,135842,148,135844,152],{"id":135843},"what-lower-does",[15,135845,123764],{},[20,135847,135848,135850],{},[15,135849,123764],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135852,160],{},[162,135854,135855,135860,135863,135866],{},[165,135856,135857,135859],{},[15,135858,123764],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[165,135861,135862],{},"It works on string objects",[165,135864,135865],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[165,135867,135868],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135870,124782,135871,135875,135876,32],{},[224,135872,135874],{"href":135873},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[224,135877,50681],{"href":50680},[34,135879,340],{"id":339},[20,135881,343],{},[39,135883,135885],{"className":41,"code":135884,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.lower()\n",[15,135886,135887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135888,135889,135891,135893,135895],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135890,353],{"class":54},[48,135892,32],{"class":84},[48,135894,8350],{"class":87},[48,135896,8353],{"class":84},[20,135898,43357],{},[162,135900,135901,135903,135906],{},[165,135902,97211],{},[165,135904,135905],{},"You call it directly on a string",[165,135907,135908],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135910,182],{},[39,135912,135914],{"className":41,"code":135913,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135915,135916,135939,135943,135956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135917,135918,135920,135922,135924,135927,135929,135931,135933,135936],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135919,109],{"class":108},[48,135921,91],{"class":84},[48,135923,94],{"class":62},[48,135925,135926],{"class":66},"HELLO",[48,135928,94],{"class":62},[48,135930,32],{"class":84},[48,135932,8350],{"class":87},[48,135934,135935],{"class":84},"())",[48,135937,135938],{"class":129},"  # hello\n",[48,135940,135941],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135942,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,135944,135945,135947,135949,135951,135954],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,135946,7587],{"class":54},[48,135948,59],{"class":58},[48,135950,63],{"class":62},[48,135952,135953],{"class":66},"PyThOn",[48,135955,70],{"class":62},[48,135957,135958,135960,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,135959,109],{"class":108},[48,135961,91],{"class":84},[48,135963,7377],{"class":87},[48,135965,32],{"class":84},[48,135967,8350],{"class":87},[48,135969,135935],{"class":84},[48,135971,135972],{"class":129},"  # python\n",[34,135974,11187],{"id":11186},[20,135976,135977],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[39,135979,135981],{"className":41,"code":135980,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135982,135983,135995,135999,136014,136018,136029],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,135984,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,135986,55],{"class":54},[48,135988,59],{"class":58},[48,135990,63],{"class":62},[48,135992,135804],{"class":66},[48,135994,70],{"class":62},[48,135996,135997],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,135998,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136000,136001,136004,136006,136008,136010,136012],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136002,136003],{"class":54},"lower_text ",[48,136005,59],{"class":58},[48,136007,81],{"class":54},[48,136009,32],{"class":84},[48,136011,8350],{"class":87},[48,136013,8353],{"class":84},[48,136015,136016],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136017,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136019,136020,136022,136024,136027],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,136021,109],{"class":108},[48,136023,91],{"class":84},[48,136025,136026],{"class":87},"lower_text",[48,136028,102],{"class":84},[48,136030,136031,136033,136035,136037],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,136032,109],{"class":108},[48,136034,91],{"class":84},[48,136036,213],{"class":87},[48,136038,102],{"class":84},[20,136040,1037],{},[39,136042,136044],{"className":41,"code":136043,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136045,136046,136050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136047,136048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136049,133918],{"class":54},[48,136051,136052,136054],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136053,131433],{"class":54},[48,136055,136056],{"class":34166},"WORLD\n",[20,136058,24323],{},[162,136060,136061,136066],{},[165,136062,136063,136065],{},[15,136064,123764],{}," returns the lowercase result",[165,136067,136068,136069,136071],{},"the original ",[15,136070,213],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136073,136074],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[39,136076,136078],{"className":41,"code":136077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136079,136080,136092,136106,136110],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136081,136082,136084,136086,136088,136090],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136083,55],{"class":54},[48,136085,59],{"class":58},[48,136087,63],{"class":62},[48,136089,135804],{"class":66},[48,136091,70],{"class":62},[48,136093,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102,136104],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136095,55],{"class":54},[48,136097,59],{"class":58},[48,136099,81],{"class":54},[48,136101,32],{"class":84},[48,136103,8350],{"class":87},[48,136105,8353],{"class":84},[48,136107,136108],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136109,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136111,136112,136114,136116,136118,136120],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136113,109],{"class":108},[48,136115,91],{"class":84},[48,136117,213],{"class":87},[48,136119,3366],{"class":84},[48,136121,135833],{"class":129},[34,136123,17136],{"id":17135},[20,136125,136126,21691,136128,32],{},[15,136127,123764],{},[565,136129,353],{},[20,136131,136132],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136134,136135],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[39,136137,136139],{"className":41,"code":136138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136140,136141,136155,136159,136182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136142,136143,136146,136148,136150,136153],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136144,136145],{"class":54},"answer ",[48,136147,59],{"class":58},[48,136149,63],{"class":62},[48,136151,136152],{"class":66},"YES",[48,136154,70],{"class":62},[48,136156,136157],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136158,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136160,136161,136163,136166,136168,136170,136172,136174,136176,136178,136180],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136162,6705],{"class":1107},[48,136164,136165],{"class":54}," answer",[48,136167,32],{"class":84},[48,136169,8350],{"class":87},[48,136171,7074],{"class":84},[48,136173,6116],{"class":58},[48,136175,63],{"class":62},[48,136177,8368],{"class":66},[48,136179,94],{"class":62},[48,136181,1110],{"class":84},[48,136183,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192,136194],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136185,1138],{"class":108},[48,136187,91],{"class":84},[48,136189,94],{"class":62},[48,136191,96520],{"class":66},[48,136193,94],{"class":62},[48,136195,102],{"class":84},[20,136197,136198,136199,503],{},"This is especially useful with ",[224,136200,136201,136202,2003],{"href":7930},"the ",[15,136203,2656],{},[39,136205,136207],{"className":41,"code":136206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136208,136209,136228,136232,136254,136269,136275],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136210,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136224,136226],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136212,136145],{"class":54},[48,136214,59],{"class":58},[48,136216,7953],{"class":108},[48,136218,91],{"class":84},[48,136220,94],{"class":62},[48,136222,136223],{"class":66},"Type yes or no: ",[48,136225,94],{"class":62},[48,136227,102],{"class":84},[48,136229,136230],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136231,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136233,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242,136244,136246,136248,136250,136252],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136235,6705],{"class":1107},[48,136237,136165],{"class":54},[48,136239,32],{"class":84},[48,136241,8350],{"class":87},[48,136243,7074],{"class":84},[48,136245,6116],{"class":58},[48,136247,63],{"class":62},[48,136249,8368],{"class":66},[48,136251,94],{"class":62},[48,136253,1110],{"class":84},[48,136255,136256,136258,136260,136262,136265,136267],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136257,1138],{"class":108},[48,136259,91],{"class":84},[48,136261,94],{"class":62},[48,136263,136264],{"class":66},"You typed yes",[48,136266,94],{"class":62},[48,136268,102],{"class":84},[48,136270,136271,136273],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,136272,27150],{"class":1107},[48,136274,1110],{"class":84},[48,136276,136277,136279,136281,136283,136286,136288],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,136278,1138],{"class":108},[48,136280,91],{"class":84},[48,136282,94],{"class":62},[48,136284,136285],{"class":66},"You typed something else",[48,136287,94],{"class":62},[48,136289,102],{"class":84},[34,136291,136293],{"id":136292},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136295,136296,136298],{},[15,136297,123764],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136300,7051],{},[162,136302,136303,136306,136309,136312],{},[165,136304,136305],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[165,136307,136308],{},"Make text matching easier",[165,136310,136311],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[165,136313,136314],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136316,136317],{},"Example: checking user input",[39,136319,136321],{"className":41,"code":136320,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136322,136323,136341,136345,136367,136382,136388],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136324,136325,136327,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136326,44665],{"class":54},[48,136328,59],{"class":58},[48,136330,7953],{"class":108},[48,136332,91],{"class":84},[48,136334,94],{"class":62},[48,136336,44676],{"class":66},[48,136338,94],{"class":62},[48,136340,102],{"class":84},[48,136342,136343],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136344,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136346,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357,136359,136361,136363,136365],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136348,6705],{"class":1107},[48,136350,35562],{"class":54},[48,136352,32],{"class":84},[48,136354,8350],{"class":87},[48,136356,7074],{"class":84},[48,136358,6116],{"class":58},[48,136360,63],{"class":62},[48,136362,12823],{"class":66},[48,136364,94],{"class":62},[48,136366,1110],{"class":84},[48,136368,136369,136371,136373,136375,136378,136380],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136370,1138],{"class":108},[48,136372,91],{"class":84},[48,136374,94],{"class":62},[48,136376,136377],{"class":66},"Nice choice!",[48,136379,94],{"class":62},[48,136381,102],{"class":84},[48,136383,136384,136386],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,136385,27150],{"class":1107},[48,136387,1110],{"class":84},[48,136389,136390,136392,136394,136396,136399,136401],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,136391,1138],{"class":108},[48,136393,91],{"class":84},[48,136395,94],{"class":62},[48,136397,136398],{"class":66},"Got it.",[48,136400,94],{"class":62},[48,136402,102],{"class":84},[20,136404,136405],{},"Example: simple search",[39,136407,136409],{"className":41,"code":136408,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136410,136411,136424,136428,136449],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136412,136413,136415,136417,136419,136422],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136414,89691],{"class":54},[48,136416,59],{"class":58},[48,136418,63],{"class":62},[48,136420,136421],{"class":66},"Python Is Fun",[48,136423,70],{"class":62},[48,136425,136426],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136427,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438,136440,136443,136445,136447],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136431,6705],{"class":1107},[48,136433,63],{"class":62},[48,136435,43],{"class":66},[48,136437,94],{"class":62},[48,136439,20889],{"class":58},[48,136441,136442],{"class":54}," message",[48,136444,32],{"class":84},[48,136446,8350],{"class":87},[48,136448,21311],{"class":84},[48,136450,136451,136453,136455,136457,136460,136462],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136452,1138],{"class":108},[48,136454,91],{"class":84},[48,136456,94],{"class":62},[48,136458,136459],{"class":66},"Found it",[48,136461,94],{"class":62},[48,136463,102],{"class":84},[20,136465,136466,136467,136469,136470,503],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136468,123764],{}," is often used with ",[224,136471,136473],{"href":136472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136474,41363],{},[39,136476,136478],{"className":41,"code":136477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136479,136480,136493,136512,136516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136481,136482,136484,136486,136488,136491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136483,7587],{"class":54},[48,136485,59],{"class":58},[48,136487,63],{"class":62},[48,136489,136490],{"class":66},"  ALICE  ",[48,136492,70],{"class":62},[48,136494,136495,136498,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508,136510],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136496,136497],{"class":54},"clean_name ",[48,136499,59],{"class":58},[48,136501,35703],{"class":54},[48,136503,32],{"class":84},[48,136505,8344],{"class":87},[48,136507,8347],{"class":84},[48,136509,8350],{"class":87},[48,136511,8353],{"class":84},[48,136513,136514],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136515,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136517,136518,136520,136522,136525,136527],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136519,109],{"class":108},[48,136521,91],{"class":84},[48,136523,136524],{"class":87},"clean_name",[48,136526,3366],{"class":84},[48,136528,136529],{"class":129},"  # alice\n",[34,136531,15312],{"id":15311},[20,136533,136534,136535,136538],{},"Strings are ",[565,136536,136537],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136540,136541,136542,136544],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136543,123764],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136546,136547,136548,136550],{},"So this does ",[565,136549,1055],{}," update the original variable:",[39,136552,136554],{"className":41,"code":136553,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136555,136556,136568,136578,136582],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136557,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136559,55],{"class":54},[48,136561,59],{"class":58},[48,136563,63],{"class":62},[48,136565,135926],{"class":66},[48,136567,70],{"class":62},[48,136569,136570,136572,136574,136576],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136571,213],{"class":54},[48,136573,32],{"class":84},[48,136575,8350],{"class":87},[48,136577,8353],{"class":84},[48,136579,136580],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136581,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136585,109],{"class":108},[48,136587,91],{"class":84},[48,136589,213],{"class":87},[48,136591,3366],{"class":84},[48,136593,136594],{"class":129},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136596,136597],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[39,136599,136601],{"className":41,"code":136600,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136602,136603,136615,136629,136633],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136604,136605,136607,136609,136611,136613],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136606,55],{"class":54},[48,136608,59],{"class":58},[48,136610,63],{"class":62},[48,136612,135926],{"class":66},[48,136614,70],{"class":62},[48,136616,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625,136627],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136618,55],{"class":54},[48,136620,59],{"class":58},[48,136622,81],{"class":54},[48,136624,32],{"class":84},[48,136626,8350],{"class":87},[48,136628,8353],{"class":84},[48,136630,136631],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136632,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136634,136635,136637,136639,136641,136643],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136636,109],{"class":108},[48,136638,91],{"class":84},[48,136640,213],{"class":87},[48,136642,3366],{"class":84},[48,136644,135938],{"class":129},[34,136646,1366],{"id":1365},[1200,136648,25403],{"id":25402},[20,136650,136651,136652,10804,136654,32],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136653,8350],{},[15,136655,123764],{},[20,136657,16360],{},[39,136659,136661],{"className":41,"code":136660,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136662,136663,136675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136664,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136666,55],{"class":54},[48,136668,59],{"class":58},[48,136670,63],{"class":62},[48,136672,135926],{"class":66},[48,136674,70],{"class":62},[48,136676,136677,136679,136681,136683,136685,136687],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136678,109],{"class":108},[48,136680,91],{"class":84},[48,136682,213],{"class":87},[48,136684,32],{"class":84},[48,136686,8350],{"class":24466},[48,136688,102],{"class":84},[20,136690,136691],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136693,16372],{},[39,136695,136697],{"className":41,"code":136696,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136698,136699,136711],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136700,136701,136703,136705,136707,136709],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136702,55],{"class":54},[48,136704,59],{"class":58},[48,136706,63],{"class":62},[48,136708,135926],{"class":66},[48,136710,70],{"class":62},[48,136712,136713,136715,136717,136719,136721,136723],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136714,109],{"class":108},[48,136716,91],{"class":84},[48,136718,213],{"class":87},[48,136720,32],{"class":84},[48,136722,8350],{"class":87},[48,136724,6902],{"class":84},[1200,136726,136728],{"id":136727},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136730,136731],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136733,16360],{},[39,136735,136737],{"className":41,"code":136736,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136738,136739,136751,136761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136740,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136742,55],{"class":54},[48,136744,59],{"class":58},[48,136746,63],{"class":62},[48,136748,135926],{"class":66},[48,136750,70],{"class":62},[48,136752,136753,136755,136757,136759],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136754,213],{"class":54},[48,136756,32],{"class":84},[48,136758,8350],{"class":87},[48,136760,8353],{"class":84},[48,136762,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136764,109],{"class":108},[48,136766,91],{"class":84},[48,136768,213],{"class":87},[48,136770,3366],{"class":84},[48,136772,136773],{"class":129},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136775,16372],{},[39,136777,136779],{"className":41,"code":136778,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136780,136781,136793,136807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136782,136783,136785,136787,136789,136791],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136784,55],{"class":54},[48,136786,59],{"class":58},[48,136788,63],{"class":62},[48,136790,135926],{"class":66},[48,136792,70],{"class":62},[48,136794,136795,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136796,55],{"class":54},[48,136798,59],{"class":58},[48,136800,81],{"class":54},[48,136802,32],{"class":84},[48,136804,8350],{"class":87},[48,136806,8353],{"class":84},[48,136808,136809,136811,136813,136815,136817],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136810,109],{"class":108},[48,136812,91],{"class":84},[48,136814,213],{"class":87},[48,136816,3366],{"class":84},[48,136818,135938],{"class":129},[1200,136820,758,136822,136824],{"id":136821},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136823,123764],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136826,136827,136829],{},[15,136828,123764],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136831,16360],{},[39,136833,136835],{"className":41,"code":136834,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136836,136837,136845],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136838,136839,136841,136843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136840,1916],{"class":54},[48,136842,59],{"class":58},[48,136844,124712],{"class":488},[48,136846,136847,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136848,109],{"class":108},[48,136850,91],{"class":84},[48,136852,1939],{"class":87},[48,136854,32],{"class":84},[48,136856,8350],{"class":87},[48,136858,6902],{"class":84},[20,136860,136861,136862,33313],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136863,123764],{},[20,136865,136866],{},"You can check the type first:",[39,136868,136870],{"className":41,"code":136869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136871,136872,136884,136888,136902],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136873,136874,136876,136878,136880,136882],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136875,55],{"class":54},[48,136877,59],{"class":58},[48,136879,63],{"class":62},[48,136881,135926],{"class":66},[48,136883,70],{"class":62},[48,136885,136886],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136887,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136889,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136891,109],{"class":108},[48,136893,91],{"class":84},[48,136895,2921],{"class":1047},[48,136897,91],{"class":84},[48,136899,213],{"class":87},[48,136901,1034],{"class":84},[48,136903,136904,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136905,109],{"class":108},[48,136907,91],{"class":84},[48,136909,213],{"class":87},[48,136911,32],{"class":84},[48,136913,8350],{"class":87},[48,136915,6902],{"class":84},[1200,136917,136919],{"id":136918},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136921,136922],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[39,136924,136926],{"className":41,"code":136925,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136927,136928,136941,136945,136962,136977,136983],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936,136939],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,136931,136145],{"class":54},[48,136933,59],{"class":58},[48,136935,63],{"class":62},[48,136937,136938],{"class":66},"Yes",[48,136940,70],{"class":62},[48,136942,136943],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,136944,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,136946,136947,136949,136952,136954,136956,136958,136960],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,136948,6705],{"class":1107},[48,136950,136951],{"class":54}," answer ",[48,136953,4393],{"class":58},[48,136955,63],{"class":62},[48,136957,8368],{"class":66},[48,136959,94],{"class":62},[48,136961,1110],{"class":84},[48,136963,136964,136966,136968,136970,136973,136975],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,136965,1138],{"class":108},[48,136967,91],{"class":84},[48,136969,94],{"class":62},[48,136971,136972],{"class":66},"Match",[48,136974,94],{"class":62},[48,136976,102],{"class":84},[48,136978,136979,136981],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,136980,27150],{"class":1107},[48,136982,1110],{"class":84},[48,136984,136985,136987,136989,136991,136994,136996],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,136986,1138],{"class":108},[48,136988,91],{"class":84},[48,136990,94],{"class":62},[48,136992,136993],{"class":66},"No match",[48,136995,94],{"class":62},[48,136997,102],{"class":84},[20,136999,28776,137000,500,137003,137006,137007,32],{},[15,137001,137002],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137004,137005],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137008,136993],{},[20,137010,137011],{},"Better:",[39,137013,137015],{"className":41,"code":137014,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137016,137017,137029,137033,137055],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137018,137019,137021,137023,137025,137027],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137020,136145],{"class":54},[48,137022,59],{"class":58},[48,137024,63],{"class":62},[48,137026,136938],{"class":66},[48,137028,70],{"class":62},[48,137030,137031],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137032,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043,137045,137047,137049,137051,137053],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137036,6705],{"class":1107},[48,137038,136165],{"class":54},[48,137040,32],{"class":84},[48,137042,8350],{"class":87},[48,137044,7074],{"class":84},[48,137046,6116],{"class":58},[48,137048,63],{"class":62},[48,137050,8368],{"class":66},[48,137052,94],{"class":62},[48,137054,1110],{"class":84},[48,137056,137057,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137058,1138],{"class":108},[48,137060,91],{"class":84},[48,137062,94],{"class":62},[48,137064,136972],{"class":66},[48,137066,94],{"class":62},[48,137068,102],{"class":84},[1200,137070,979,137072,137075],{"id":137071},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137073,137074],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137077,137078,137079,137081],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137080,123764],{}," is enough.",[20,137083,137084,137085,137087,137088,32],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137086,137074],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137089,123764],{},[20,137091,137092,137093,122280],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137094,123764],{},[34,137096,137098,1188,137100],{"id":137097},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137099,123764],{},[15,137101,127905],{},[20,137103,137104,500,137106,137108],{},[15,137105,123764],{},[15,137107,127905],{}," are very similar.",[162,137110,137111,137116,137121,137124],{},[165,137112,137113,137115],{},[15,137114,123764],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[165,137117,137118,137120],{},[15,137119,127905],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[165,137122,137123],{},"Both return new strings",[165,137125,137126],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137128,182],{},[39,137130,137132],{"className":41,"code":137131,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137133,137134,137146,137150,137166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137135,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137137,55],{"class":54},[48,137139,59],{"class":58},[48,137141,63],{"class":62},[48,137143,128741],{"class":66},[48,137145,70],{"class":62},[48,137147,137148],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137149,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137151,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160,137162,137164],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137153,109],{"class":108},[48,137155,91],{"class":84},[48,137157,213],{"class":87},[48,137159,32],{"class":84},[48,137161,8350],{"class":87},[48,137163,135935],{"class":84},[48,137165,135833],{"class":129},[48,137167,137168,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178,137180],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137169,109],{"class":108},[48,137171,91],{"class":84},[48,137173,213],{"class":87},[48,137175,32],{"class":84},[48,137177,34191],{"class":87},[48,137179,135935],{"class":84},[48,137181,137182],{"class":129},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137184,137185,137186,32],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[224,137187,126028,137189,754],{"href":137188},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137190,127905],{},[34,137192,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,137194,12418,137196,124360],{"id":137195},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137197,123764],{},[20,137199,137200],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1200,137202,12418,137204,137206],{"id":137203},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137205,123764],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137208,137209,137210,32],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137211,137212],{},"string.lower()",[1200,137214,4849,137216,1543],{"id":137215},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137217,123764],{},[20,137219,137220],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1200,137222,28044,137224,137226],{"id":137223},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137225,123764],{}," on user input?",[20,137228,137229,137230,137232],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137231,2656],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1200,137234,1559,137236,500,137238,1564],{"id":137235},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137237,123764],{},[15,137239,137074],{},[20,137241,137242,137244,137245,137247],{},[15,137243,123764],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137246,137074],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[34,137249,1599],{"id":1598},[162,137251,137252,137256,137262,137268,137274,137278,137282,137288],{},[165,137253,137254],{},[224,137255,50681],{"href":50680},[165,137257,137258],{},[224,137259,126028,137260,754],{"href":137188},[15,137261,127905],{},[165,137263,137264],{},[224,137265,126028,137266,754],{"href":136472},[15,137267,41363],{},[165,137269,137270],{},[224,137271,126028,137272,754],{"href":129600},[15,137273,124204],{},[165,137275,137276],{},[224,137277,1612],{"href":123289},[165,137279,137280],{},[224,137281,90367],{"href":89376},[165,137283,137284],{},[224,137285,3277,137286,3210],{"href":7930},[15,137287,2656],{},[165,137289,137290],{},[224,137291,137292],{"href":135873},"What is a string in Python?",[1633,137294,137295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":137297},[137298,137300,137301,137302,137303,137304,137305,137314,137316,137328],{"id":135843,"depth":73,"text":137299},"What lower() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":136292,"depth":73,"text":136293},{"id":15311,"depth":73,"text":15312},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":137306},[137307,137308,137309,137311,137312],{"id":25402,"depth":105,"text":25403},{"id":136727,"depth":105,"text":136728},{"id":136821,"depth":105,"text":137310},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136918,"depth":105,"text":136919},{"id":137071,"depth":105,"text":137313},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137097,"depth":73,"text":137315},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":137317},[137318,137320,137322,137324,137326],{"id":137195,"depth":105,"text":137319},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137203,"depth":105,"text":137321},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137215,"depth":105,"text":137323},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137223,"depth":105,"text":137325},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137235,"depth":105,"text":137327},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135760,"description":137329},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137336,"title":137337,"body":137338,"description":138888,"extension":1666,"meta":138889,"navigation":122,"path":138890,"seo":138891,"stem":138892,"__hash__":138893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137339,"toc":138849},[137340,137345,137350,137356,137371,137373,137433,137435,137444,137450,137455,137460,137462,137476,137480,137482,137529,137531,137549,137551,137554,137625,137627,137641,137644,137656,137665,137669,137674,137679,137683,137749,137751,137760,137764,137829,137831,137840,137843,137848,137852,137857,137861,137922,137924,137933,137937,137940,137996,137998,138007,138010,138023,138025,138029,138036,138098,138100,138113,138119,138122,138129,138134,138139,138142,138150,138152,138213,138215,138224,138227,138274,138277,138324,138326,138331,138348,138355,138360,138413,138415,138423,138425,138482,138484,138492,138496,138543,138545,138553,138561,138565,138613,138615,138624,138629,138680,138682,138691,138698,138701,138722,138724,138729,138732,138736,138739,138743,138746,138773,138779,138782,138809,138814,138816,138818,138846],[10,137341,13,137343,18],{"id":137342},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137344,124204],{},[20,137346,22,137347,137349],{},[15,137348,124204],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137351,137352,137353,137355],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137354,124204],{},". You will learn:",[162,137357,137358,137362,137365,137368],{},[165,137359,25735,137360,152],{},[15,137361,124204],{},[165,137363,137364],{},"how its syntax works",[165,137366,137367],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[165,137369,137370],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[34,137372,37],{"id":36},[39,137374,137376],{"className":41,"code":137375,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137377,137378,137391,137423],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137379,137380,137382,137384,137386,137389],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137381,55],{"class":54},[48,137383,59],{"class":58},[48,137385,63],{"class":62},[48,137387,137388],{"class":66},"I like cats",[48,137390,70],{"class":62},[48,137392,137393,137395,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407,137410,137412,137414,137416,137419,137421],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137394,129856],{"class":54},[48,137396,59],{"class":58},[48,137398,81],{"class":54},[48,137400,32],{"class":84},[48,137402,34710],{"class":87},[48,137404,91],{"class":84},[48,137406,94],{"class":62},[48,137408,137409],{"class":66},"cats",[48,137411,94],{"class":62},[48,137413,365],{"class":84},[48,137415,63],{"class":62},[48,137417,137418],{"class":66},"dogs",[48,137420,94],{"class":62},[48,137422,102],{"class":84},[48,137424,137425,137427,137429,137431],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137426,109],{"class":108},[48,137428,91],{"class":84},[48,137430,129887],{"class":87},[48,137432,102],{"class":84},[20,137434,1037],{},[39,137436,137438],{"className":41,"code":137437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like dogs\n",[15,137439,137440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137441,137442],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137443,137437],{"class":54},[20,137445,139,137446,137449],{},[15,137447,137448],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[34,137451,148,137453,152],{"id":137452},"what-replace-does",[15,137454,124204],{},[20,137456,137457,137459],{},[15,137458,124204],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137461,160],{},[162,137463,137464,137466,137468,137471],{},[165,137465,133150],{},[165,137467,135868],{},[165,137469,137470],{},"It works on exact matches",[165,137472,137473,137474],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137475,40969],{},[20,137477,124782,137478,32],{},[224,137479,124785],{"href":50680},[34,137481,5137],{"id":5136},[39,137483,137485],{"className":41,"code":137484,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137486,137487,137507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137488,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497,137500,137502,137505],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137490,353],{"class":54},[48,137492,32],{"class":84},[48,137494,34710],{"class":87},[48,137496,91],{"class":84},[48,137498,137499],{"class":87},"old",[48,137501,365],{"class":84},[48,137503,137504],{"class":87}," new",[48,137506,102],{"class":84},[48,137508,137509,137511,137513,137515,137517,137519,137521,137523,137525,137527],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137510,353],{"class":54},[48,137512,32],{"class":84},[48,137514,34710],{"class":87},[48,137516,91],{"class":84},[48,137518,137499],{"class":87},[48,137520,365],{"class":84},[48,137522,137504],{"class":87},[48,137524,365],{"class":84},[48,137526,49309],{"class":87},[48,137528,102],{"class":84},[1200,137530,17112],{"id":17111},[162,137532,137533,137538,137544],{},[165,137534,137535,137537],{},[15,137536,137499],{}," = the text to find",[165,137539,137540,137543],{},[15,137541,137542],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[165,137545,137546,137548],{},[15,137547,40969],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[34,137550,5494],{"id":5493},[20,137552,137553],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[39,137555,137557],{"className":41,"code":137556,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137558,137559,137571,137601,137605,137615],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137560,137561,137563,137565,137567,137569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137562,55],{"class":54},[48,137564,59],{"class":58},[48,137566,63],{"class":62},[48,137568,137388],{"class":66},[48,137570,70],{"class":62},[48,137572,137573,137575,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137574,129856],{"class":54},[48,137576,59],{"class":58},[48,137578,81],{"class":54},[48,137580,32],{"class":84},[48,137582,34710],{"class":87},[48,137584,91],{"class":84},[48,137586,94],{"class":62},[48,137588,137409],{"class":66},[48,137590,94],{"class":62},[48,137592,365],{"class":84},[48,137594,63],{"class":62},[48,137596,137418],{"class":66},[48,137598,94],{"class":62},[48,137600,102],{"class":84},[48,137602,137603],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137604,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137606,137607,137609,137611,137613],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137608,109],{"class":108},[48,137610,91],{"class":84},[48,137612,213],{"class":87},[48,137614,102],{"class":84},[48,137616,137617,137619,137621,137623],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,137618,109],{"class":108},[48,137620,91],{"class":84},[48,137622,129887],{"class":87},[48,137624,102],{"class":84},[20,137626,1037],{},[39,137628,137630],{"className":41,"code":137629,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137631,137632,137637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137633,137634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137635,137636],{"class":54},"I like cats\n",[48,137638,137639],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137640,137437],{"class":54},[20,137642,137643],{},"Notice what happened:",[162,137645,137646,137651],{},[165,137647,137648,137650],{},[15,137649,213],{}," did not change",[165,137652,137653,137655],{},[15,137654,129887],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137657,137658,137659,137661,137662,137664],{},"This happens because strings are ",[565,137660,136537],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137663,124204],{}," return a new string instead.",[34,137666,137668],{"id":137667},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137670,89385,137671,137673],{},[15,137672,124204],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137675,137676,137677,36332],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137678,40969],{},[1200,137680,137682],{"id":137681},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[39,137684,137686],{"className":41,"code":137685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137687,137688,137701,137735,137739],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137689,137690,137692,137694,137696,137699],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137691,55],{"class":54},[48,137693,59],{"class":58},[48,137695,63],{"class":62},[48,137697,137698],{"class":66},"cat cat cat",[48,137700,70],{"class":62},[48,137702,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719,137721,137723,137725,137727,137729,137731,137733],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137704,1929],{"class":54},[48,137706,59],{"class":58},[48,137708,81],{"class":54},[48,137710,32],{"class":84},[48,137712,34710],{"class":87},[48,137714,91],{"class":84},[48,137716,94],{"class":62},[48,137718,607],{"class":66},[48,137720,94],{"class":62},[48,137722,365],{"class":84},[48,137724,63],{"class":62},[48,137726,57827],{"class":66},[48,137728,94],{"class":62},[48,137730,365],{"class":84},[48,137732,5204],{"class":488},[48,137734,102],{"class":84},[48,137736,137737],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137738,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137740,137741,137743,137745,137747],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137742,109],{"class":108},[48,137744,91],{"class":84},[48,137746,1964],{"class":87},[48,137748,102],{"class":84},[20,137750,1037],{},[39,137752,137754],{"className":41,"code":137753,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137755,137756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137757,137758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137759,137753],{"class":54},[1200,137761,137763],{"id":137762},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[39,137765,137767],{"className":41,"code":137766,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137768,137769,137781,137815,137819],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137770,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137772,55],{"class":54},[48,137774,59],{"class":58},[48,137776,63],{"class":62},[48,137778,137698],{"class":66},[48,137780,70],{"class":62},[48,137782,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137784,1929],{"class":54},[48,137786,59],{"class":58},[48,137788,81],{"class":54},[48,137790,32],{"class":84},[48,137792,34710],{"class":87},[48,137794,91],{"class":84},[48,137796,94],{"class":62},[48,137798,607],{"class":66},[48,137800,94],{"class":62},[48,137802,365],{"class":84},[48,137804,63],{"class":62},[48,137806,57827],{"class":66},[48,137808,94],{"class":62},[48,137810,365],{"class":84},[48,137812,489],{"class":488},[48,137814,102],{"class":84},[48,137816,137817],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137818,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137820,137821,137823,137825,137827],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137822,109],{"class":108},[48,137824,91],{"class":84},[48,137826,1964],{"class":87},[48,137828,102],{"class":84},[20,137830,1037],{},[39,137832,137834],{"className":41,"code":137833,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137835,137836],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137837,137838],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137839,137833],{"class":54},[20,137841,137842],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137844,137845,137846,32],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[224,137847,127751],{"href":124201},[34,137849,137851],{"id":137850},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137853,137854,137856],{},[15,137855,124204],{}," can also change single characters.",[1200,137858,137860],{"id":137859},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[39,137862,137864],{"className":41,"code":137863,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137865,137866,137878,137908,137912],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137867,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137869,55],{"class":54},[48,137871,59],{"class":58},[48,137873,63],{"class":62},[48,137875,198],{"class":66},[48,137877,70],{"class":62},[48,137879,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137881,1929],{"class":54},[48,137883,59],{"class":58},[48,137885,81],{"class":54},[48,137887,32],{"class":84},[48,137889,34710],{"class":87},[48,137891,91],{"class":84},[48,137893,94],{"class":62},[48,137895,224],{"class":66},[48,137897,94],{"class":62},[48,137899,365],{"class":84},[48,137901,63],{"class":62},[48,137903,60170],{"class":66},[48,137905,94],{"class":62},[48,137907,102],{"class":84},[48,137909,137910],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137911,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137913,137914,137916,137918,137920],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137915,109],{"class":108},[48,137917,91],{"class":84},[48,137919,1964],{"class":87},[48,137921,102],{"class":84},[20,137923,1037],{},[39,137925,137927],{"className":41,"code":137926,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"bonono\n",[15,137928,137929],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137930,137931],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137932,137926],{"class":54},[1200,137934,137936],{"id":137935},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137938,137939],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[39,137941,137943],{"className":41,"code":137942,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137944,137945,137958,137982,137986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,137946,137947,137949,137951,137953,137956],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,137948,55],{"class":54},[48,137950,59],{"class":58},[48,137952,63],{"class":62},[48,137954,137955],{"class":66},"a b c",[48,137957,70],{"class":62},[48,137959,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,137961,1929],{"class":54},[48,137963,59],{"class":58},[48,137965,81],{"class":54},[48,137967,32],{"class":84},[48,137969,34710],{"class":87},[48,137971,91],{"class":84},[48,137973,94],{"class":62},[48,137975,63],{"class":62},[48,137977,365],{"class":84},[48,137979,5834],{"class":62},[48,137981,102],{"class":84},[48,137983,137984],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,137985,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,137987,137988,137990,137992,137994],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,137989,109],{"class":108},[48,137991,91],{"class":84},[48,137993,1964],{"class":87},[48,137995,102],{"class":84},[20,137997,1037],{},[39,137999,138001],{"className":41,"code":138000,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"abc\n",[15,138002,138003],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138004,138005],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138006,138000],{"class":54},[20,138008,138009],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138011,138012,138013,138017,138018,138022],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[224,138014,126028,138015,754],{"href":128709},[15,138016,60228],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[224,138019,126028,138020,754],{"href":136472},[15,138021,41363],{}," is often a better choice.",[34,138024,123681],{"id":123680},[20,138026,138027,123492],{},[15,138028,124204],{},[20,138030,127072,138031,500,138033,127079],{},[15,138032,112722],{},[15,138034,138035],{},"\"Cat\"",[39,138037,138039],{"className":41,"code":138038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138040,138041,138054,138084,138088],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138052],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138044,55],{"class":54},[48,138046,59],{"class":58},[48,138048,63],{"class":62},[48,138050,138051],{"class":66},"Cat cat CAT",[48,138053,70],{"class":62},[48,138055,138056,138058,138060,138062,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072,138074,138076,138078,138080,138082],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138057,1929],{"class":54},[48,138059,59],{"class":58},[48,138061,81],{"class":54},[48,138063,32],{"class":84},[48,138065,34710],{"class":87},[48,138067,91],{"class":84},[48,138069,94],{"class":62},[48,138071,607],{"class":66},[48,138073,94],{"class":62},[48,138075,365],{"class":84},[48,138077,63],{"class":62},[48,138079,57827],{"class":66},[48,138081,94],{"class":62},[48,138083,102],{"class":84},[48,138085,138086],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,138087,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,138089,138090,138092,138094,138096],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,138091,109],{"class":108},[48,138093,91],{"class":84},[48,138095,1964],{"class":87},[48,138097,102],{"class":84},[20,138099,1037],{},[39,138101,138103],{"className":41,"code":138102,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138104,138105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138106,138107,138110],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138108,138109],{"class":54},"Cat dog ",[48,138111,138112],{"class":34166},"CAT\n",[20,138114,138115,138116,138118],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138117,112722],{}," was replaced.",[20,138120,138121],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138123,138124,138125,32],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[224,138126,126028,138127,754],{"href":123761},[15,138128,123764],{},[34,138130,148,138132,11418],{"id":138131},"what-replace-returns",[15,138133,124204],{},[20,138135,138136,138138],{},[15,138137,124204],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138140,138141],{},"If no match is found:",[162,138143,138144,138147],{},[165,138145,138146],{},"no error happens",[165,138148,138149],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138151,182],{},[39,138153,138155],{"className":41,"code":138154,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138156,138157,138169,138199,138203],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138158,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138160,55],{"class":54},[48,138162,59],{"class":58},[48,138164,63],{"class":62},[48,138166,1008],{"class":66},[48,138168,70],{"class":62},[48,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138172,1929],{"class":54},[48,138174,59],{"class":58},[48,138176,81],{"class":54},[48,138178,32],{"class":84},[48,138180,34710],{"class":87},[48,138182,91],{"class":84},[48,138184,94],{"class":62},[48,138186,1873],{"class":66},[48,138188,94],{"class":62},[48,138190,365],{"class":84},[48,138192,63],{"class":62},[48,138194,11458],{"class":66},[48,138196,94],{"class":62},[48,138198,102],{"class":84},[48,138200,138201],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,138202,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,138204,138205,138207,138209,138211],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,138206,109],{"class":108},[48,138208,91],{"class":84},[48,138210,1964],{"class":87},[48,138212,102],{"class":84},[20,138214,1037],{},[39,138216,138218],{"className":41,"code":138217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello\n",[15,138219,138220],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138221,138222],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138223,138217],{"class":54},[20,138225,138226],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[39,138228,138230],{"className":41,"code":138229,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138231,138232,138244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138233,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138235,55],{"class":54},[48,138237,59],{"class":58},[48,138239,63],{"class":62},[48,138241,67],{"class":66},[48,138243,70],{"class":62},[48,138245,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138247,129856],{"class":54},[48,138249,59],{"class":58},[48,138251,81],{"class":54},[48,138253,32],{"class":84},[48,138255,34710],{"class":87},[48,138257,91],{"class":84},[48,138259,94],{"class":62},[48,138261,97],{"class":66},[48,138263,94],{"class":62},[48,138265,365],{"class":84},[48,138267,63],{"class":62},[48,138269,7005],{"class":66},[48,138271,94],{"class":62},[48,138273,102],{"class":84},[20,138275,138276],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[39,138278,138280],{"className":41,"code":138279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138281,138282,138294],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138283,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138285,55],{"class":54},[48,138287,59],{"class":58},[48,138289,63],{"class":62},[48,138291,67],{"class":66},[48,138293,70],{"class":62},[48,138295,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314,138316,138318,138320,138322],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138297,55],{"class":54},[48,138299,59],{"class":58},[48,138301,81],{"class":54},[48,138303,32],{"class":84},[48,138305,34710],{"class":87},[48,138307,91],{"class":84},[48,138309,94],{"class":62},[48,138311,97],{"class":66},[48,138313,94],{"class":62},[48,138315,365],{"class":84},[48,138317,63],{"class":62},[48,138319,7005],{"class":66},[48,138321,94],{"class":62},[48,138323,102],{"class":84},[34,138325,4225],{"id":4224},[20,138327,138328,138329,503],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138330,124204],{},[162,138332,138333,138336,138340,138343],{},[165,138334,138335],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[165,138337,1379,138338,131237],{},[15,138339,124204],{},[165,138341,138342],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[165,138344,36914,138345,138347],{},[15,138346,124204],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1200,138349,138351,138352,138354],{"id":138350},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138353,124204],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138356,138357,138358,503],{},"This does not update ",[15,138359,213],{},[39,138361,138363],{"className":41,"code":138362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138364,138365,138377,138403],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138366,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138368,55],{"class":54},[48,138370,59],{"class":58},[48,138372,63],{"class":62},[48,138374,137388],{"class":66},[48,138376,70],{"class":62},[48,138378,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138380,213],{"class":54},[48,138382,32],{"class":84},[48,138384,34710],{"class":87},[48,138386,91],{"class":84},[48,138388,94],{"class":62},[48,138390,137409],{"class":66},[48,138392,94],{"class":62},[48,138394,365],{"class":84},[48,138396,63],{"class":62},[48,138398,137418],{"class":66},[48,138400,94],{"class":62},[48,138402,102],{"class":84},[48,138404,138405,138407,138409,138411],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,138406,109],{"class":108},[48,138408,91],{"class":84},[48,138410,213],{"class":87},[48,138412,102],{"class":84},[20,138414,1037],{},[39,138416,138417],{"className":41,"code":137636,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,138418,138419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138420,138421],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138422,137636],{"class":54},[20,138424,10519],{},[39,138426,138428],{"className":41,"code":138427,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138429,138430,138442,138472],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138431,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138433,55],{"class":54},[48,138435,59],{"class":58},[48,138437,63],{"class":62},[48,138439,137388],{"class":66},[48,138441,70],{"class":62},[48,138443,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138445,55],{"class":54},[48,138447,59],{"class":58},[48,138449,81],{"class":54},[48,138451,32],{"class":84},[48,138453,34710],{"class":87},[48,138455,91],{"class":84},[48,138457,94],{"class":62},[48,138459,137409],{"class":66},[48,138461,94],{"class":62},[48,138463,365],{"class":84},[48,138465,63],{"class":62},[48,138467,137418],{"class":66},[48,138469,94],{"class":62},[48,138471,102],{"class":84},[48,138473,138474,138476,138478,138480],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,138475,109],{"class":108},[48,138477,91],{"class":84},[48,138479,213],{"class":87},[48,138481,102],{"class":84},[20,138483,1037],{},[39,138485,138486],{"className":41,"code":137437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,138487,138488],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138489,138490],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138491,137437],{"class":54},[1200,138493,138495],{"id":138494},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[39,138497,138499],{"className":41,"code":138498,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138500,138501,138513],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138502,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138504,55],{"class":54},[48,138506,59],{"class":58},[48,138508,63],{"class":62},[48,138510,299],{"class":66},[48,138512,70],{"class":62},[48,138514,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535,138537,138539,138541],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138516,109],{"class":108},[48,138518,91],{"class":84},[48,138520,213],{"class":87},[48,138522,32],{"class":84},[48,138524,34710],{"class":87},[48,138526,91],{"class":84},[48,138528,94],{"class":62},[48,138530,1008],{"class":66},[48,138532,94],{"class":62},[48,138534,365],{"class":84},[48,138536,63],{"class":62},[48,138538,89620],{"class":66},[48,138540,94],{"class":62},[48,138542,1034],{"class":84},[20,138544,1037],{},[39,138546,138547],{"className":41,"code":88633,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,138548,138549],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138550,138551],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138552,88633],{"class":54},[20,138554,138555,138556,500,138558,138560],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138557,64228],{},[15,138559,90102],{}," are not the same.",[1200,138562,138564],{"id":138563},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[39,138566,138568],{"className":41,"code":138567,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138569,138570,138583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138571,138572,138574,138576,138578,138581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138573,55],{"class":54},[48,138575,59],{"class":58},[48,138577,63],{"class":62},[48,138579,138580],{"class":66},"red red red",[48,138582,70],{"class":62},[48,138584,138585,138587,138589,138591,138593,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603,138605,138607,138609,138611],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138586,109],{"class":108},[48,138588,91],{"class":84},[48,138590,213],{"class":87},[48,138592,32],{"class":84},[48,138594,34710],{"class":87},[48,138596,91],{"class":84},[48,138598,94],{"class":62},[48,138600,12806],{"class":66},[48,138602,94],{"class":62},[48,138604,365],{"class":84},[48,138606,63],{"class":62},[48,138608,12823],{"class":66},[48,138610,94],{"class":62},[48,138612,1034],{"class":84},[20,138614,1037],{},[39,138616,138618],{"className":41,"code":138617,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138619,138620],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138621,138622],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138623,138617],{"class":54},[20,138625,138626,138627,503],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138628,40969],{},[39,138630,138632],{"className":41,"code":138631,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138633,138634,138646],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138635,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138637,55],{"class":54},[48,138639,59],{"class":58},[48,138641,63],{"class":62},[48,138643,138580],{"class":66},[48,138645,70],{"class":62},[48,138647,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138649,109],{"class":108},[48,138651,91],{"class":84},[48,138653,213],{"class":87},[48,138655,32],{"class":84},[48,138657,34710],{"class":87},[48,138659,91],{"class":84},[48,138661,94],{"class":62},[48,138663,12806],{"class":66},[48,138665,94],{"class":62},[48,138667,365],{"class":84},[48,138669,63],{"class":62},[48,138671,12823],{"class":66},[48,138673,94],{"class":62},[48,138675,365],{"class":84},[48,138677,5204],{"class":488},[48,138679,1034],{"class":84},[20,138681,1037],{},[39,138683,138685],{"className":41,"code":138684,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"blue red red\n",[15,138686,138687],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138688,138689],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138690,138684],{"class":54},[1200,138692,138694,138695,138697],{"id":138693},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138696,124204],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138699,138700],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[162,138702,138703,138710,138717],{},[165,138704,139,138705,138709],{},[224,138706,138707],{"href":128709},[15,138708,60228],{}," to break a string into a list",[165,138711,139,138712,138716],{},[224,138713,138714],{"href":136472},[15,138715,41363],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[165,138718,139,138719,138721],{},[15,138720,124204],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[34,138723,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,138725,12418,138727,124360],{"id":138726},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138728,124204],{},[20,138730,138731],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1200,138733,138735],{"id":138734},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138737,138738],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1200,138740,138742],{"id":138741},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138744,138745],{},"Use the third argument:",[39,138747,138749],{"className":41,"code":138748,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138750,138751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138752,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138754,213],{"class":54},[48,138756,32],{"class":84},[48,138758,34710],{"class":87},[48,138760,91],{"class":84},[48,138762,137499],{"class":87},[48,138764,365],{"class":84},[48,138766,137504],{"class":87},[48,138768,365],{"class":84},[48,138770,5204],{"class":488},[48,138772,102],{"class":84},[1200,138774,1579,138776,138778],{"id":138775},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138777,124204],{}," remove text?",[20,138780,138781],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[39,138783,138785],{"className":41,"code":138784,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138786,138787],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138788,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138790,213],{"class":54},[48,138792,32],{"class":84},[48,138794,34710],{"class":87},[48,138796,91],{"class":84},[48,138798,94],{"class":62},[48,138800,1873],{"class":66},[48,138802,94],{"class":62},[48,138804,365],{"class":84},[48,138806,5834],{"class":62},[48,138808,102],{"class":84},[1200,138810,14618,138812,1592],{"id":138811},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138813,124204],{},[20,138815,1595],{},[34,138817,1599],{"id":1598},[162,138819,138820,138824,138830,138836,138842],{},[165,138821,138822],{},[224,138823,124437],{"href":124201},[165,138825,138826],{},[224,138827,126028,138828,754],{"href":128709},[15,138829,60228],{},[165,138831,138832],{},[224,138833,126028,138834,754],{"href":136472},[15,138835,41363],{},[165,138837,138838],{},[224,138839,126028,138840,754],{"href":123761},[15,138841,123764],{},[165,138843,138844],{},[224,138845,124785],{"href":50680},[1633,138847,138848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":138850},[138851,138852,138854,138857,138858,138862,138866,138867,138869,138877,138887],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":137452,"depth":73,"text":138853},"What replace() does",{"id":5136,"depth":73,"text":5137,"children":138855},[138856],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":5493,"depth":73,"text":5494},{"id":137667,"depth":73,"text":137668,"children":138859},[138860,138861],{"id":137681,"depth":105,"text":137682},{"id":137762,"depth":105,"text":137763},{"id":137850,"depth":73,"text":137851,"children":138863},[138864,138865],{"id":137859,"depth":105,"text":137860},{"id":137935,"depth":105,"text":137936},{"id":123680,"depth":73,"text":123681},{"id":138131,"depth":73,"text":138868},"What replace() returns",{"id":4224,"depth":73,"text":4225,"children":138870},[138871,138873,138874,138875],{"id":138350,"depth":105,"text":138872},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138494,"depth":105,"text":138495},{"id":138563,"depth":105,"text":138564},{"id":138693,"depth":105,"text":138876},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":138878},[138879,138881,138882,138883,138885],{"id":138726,"depth":105,"text":138880},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138734,"depth":105,"text":138735},{"id":138741,"depth":105,"text":138742},{"id":138775,"depth":105,"text":138884},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138811,"depth":105,"text":138886},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137337,"description":138888},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138895,"title":138896,"body":138897,"description":140916,"extension":1666,"meta":140917,"navigation":122,"path":140918,"seo":140919,"stem":140920,"__hash__":140921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138898,"toc":140880},[138899,138904,138909,138912,138923,138925,138980,138985,138990,138997,138999,139014,139016,139072,139074,139112,139117,139119,139143,139146,139159,139164,139166,139198,139200,139233,139239,139244,139247,139257,139260,139262,139318,139320,139370,139373,139381,139384,139440,139442,139515,139528,139536,139540,139551,139554,139557,139610,139612,139644,139647,139701,139703,139738,139741,139746,139751,139756,139759,139761,139819,139821,139855,139857,139872,139875,139877,139919,139921,139947,139952,139960,139963,139965,140047,140049,140100,140103,140114,140122,140124,140197,140199,140217,140221,140224,140228,140255,140257,140265,140269,140304,140306,140319,140323,140326,140365,140367,140384,140389,140394,140405,140408,140419,140421,140423,140449,140452,140501,140503,140520,140523,140525,140577,140579,140611,140614,140672,140677,140679,140684,140787,140789,140803,140805,140812,140817,140822,140827,140832,140837,140840,140844,140849,140851,140877],[10,138900,13,138902,18],{"id":138901},"python-string-split-method",[15,138903,60228],{},[20,138905,22,138906,138908],{},[15,138907,60228],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138910,138911],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[162,138913,138914,138917,138920],{},[165,138915,138916],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[165,138918,138919],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[165,138921,138922],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[34,138924,37],{"id":36},[39,138926,138928],{"className":41,"code":138927,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138929,138930,138943,138965,138975],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,138931,138932,138934,138936,138938,138941],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,138933,55],{"class":54},[48,138935,59],{"class":58},[48,138937,63],{"class":62},[48,138939,138940],{"class":66},"apple,banana,cherry",[48,138942,70],{"class":62},[48,138944,138945,138947,138949,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959,138961,138963],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,138946,42544],{"class":54},[48,138948,59],{"class":58},[48,138950,81],{"class":54},[48,138952,32],{"class":84},[48,138954,34182],{"class":87},[48,138956,91],{"class":84},[48,138958,94],{"class":62},[48,138960,365],{"class":66},[48,138962,94],{"class":62},[48,138964,102],{"class":84},[48,138966,138967,138969,138971,138973],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,138968,109],{"class":108},[48,138970,91],{"class":84},[48,138972,42575],{"class":87},[48,138974,102],{"class":84},[48,138976,138977],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,138978,138979],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138981,139,138982,138984],{},[15,138983,60228],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[34,138986,148,138988,152],{"id":138987},"what-split-does",[15,138989,60228],{},[20,138991,138992,563,138994,32],{},[15,138993,60228],{},[565,138995,138996],{},"string method",[20,138998,48634],{},[162,139000,139001,139004,139009],{},[165,139002,139003],{},"divides a string into parts",[165,139005,119340,139006],{},[565,139007,139008],{},"new list of strings",[165,139010,119346,139011,139013],{},[565,139012,1055],{}," change the original string",[20,139015,182],{},[39,139017,139019],{"className":41,"code":139018,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139020,139021,139034,139048,139052,139062],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139022,139023,139025,139027,139029,139032],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139024,55],{"class":54},[48,139026,59],{"class":58},[48,139028,63],{"class":62},[48,139030,139031],{"class":66},"red blue green",[48,139033,70],{"class":62},[48,139035,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139037,42544],{"class":54},[48,139039,59],{"class":58},[48,139041,81],{"class":54},[48,139043,32],{"class":84},[48,139045,34182],{"class":87},[48,139047,8353],{"class":84},[48,139049,139050],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139051,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139053,139054,139056,139058,139060],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139055,109],{"class":108},[48,139057,91],{"class":84},[48,139059,213],{"class":87},[48,139061,102],{"class":84},[48,139063,139064,139066,139068,139070],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,139065,109],{"class":108},[48,139067,91],{"class":84},[48,139069,42575],{"class":87},[48,139071,102],{"class":84},[20,139073,1037],{},[39,139075,139077],{"className":41,"code":139076,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139078,139079,139084],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139080,139081],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139082,139083],{"class":54},"red blue green\n",[48,139085,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139087,3605],{"class":84},[48,139089,3001],{"class":62},[48,139091,12806],{"class":66},[48,139093,3001],{"class":62},[48,139095,365],{"class":84},[48,139097,2996],{"class":62},[48,139099,12823],{"class":66},[48,139101,3001],{"class":62},[48,139103,365],{"class":84},[48,139105,2996],{"class":62},[48,139107,17173],{"class":66},[48,139109,3001],{"class":62},[48,139111,3339],{"class":84},[20,139113,139114,139115,32],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[224,139116,124785],{"href":50680},[34,139118,340],{"id":339},[39,139120,139122],{"className":41,"code":139121,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139123,139124],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139141],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139127,353],{"class":54},[48,139129,32],{"class":84},[48,139131,34182],{"class":87},[48,139133,91],{"class":84},[48,139135,133306],{"class":87},[48,139137,365],{"class":84},[48,139139,139140],{"class":87}," maxsplit",[48,139142,102],{"class":84},[20,139144,139145],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[162,139147,139148,139153],{},[165,139149,139150,139152],{},[15,139151,133306],{}," tells Python where to split",[165,139154,139155,139158],{},[15,139156,139157],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139160,8586,139161,139163],{},[15,139162,133306],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139165,182],{},[39,139167,139169],{"className":41,"code":139168,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139170,139171,139184],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139172,139173,139175,139177,139179,139182],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139174,55],{"class":54},[48,139176,59],{"class":58},[48,139178,63],{"class":62},[48,139180,139181],{"class":66},"one two three",[48,139183,70],{"class":62},[48,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139187,109],{"class":108},[48,139189,91],{"class":84},[48,139191,213],{"class":87},[48,139193,32],{"class":84},[48,139195,34182],{"class":87},[48,139197,6902],{"class":84},[20,139199,1037],{},[39,139201,139203],{"className":41,"code":139202,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139204,139205],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139206,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139208,3605],{"class":84},[48,139210,3001],{"class":62},[48,139212,6293],{"class":66},[48,139214,3001],{"class":62},[48,139216,365],{"class":84},[48,139218,2996],{"class":62},[48,139220,78955],{"class":66},[48,139222,3001],{"class":62},[48,139224,365],{"class":84},[48,139226,2996],{"class":62},[48,139228,133788],{"class":66},[48,139230,3001],{"class":62},[48,139232,3339],{"class":84},[34,139234,758,139236,139238],{"id":139235},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139237,60228],{}," with no separator",[20,139240,69860,139241,139243],{},[15,139242,60228],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139245,139246],{},"Whitespace includes:",[162,139248,139249,139251,139254],{},[165,139250,10164],{},[165,139252,139253],{},"tabs",[165,139255,139256],{},"new lines",[20,139258,139259],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139261,182],{},[39,139263,139265],{"className":41,"code":139264,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139266,139267,139290,139304,139308],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139268,139269,139271,139273,139275,139278,139281,139283,139285,139288],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139270,55],{"class":54},[48,139272,59],{"class":58},[48,139274,63],{"class":62},[48,139276,139277],{"class":66},"Python   is",[48,139279,139280],{"class":34166},"\\t",[48,139282,133042],{"class":66},[48,139284,86837],{"class":34166},[48,139286,139287],{"class":66},"and useful",[48,139289,70],{"class":62},[48,139291,139292,139294,139296,139298,139300,139302],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139293,42544],{"class":54},[48,139295,59],{"class":58},[48,139297,81],{"class":54},[48,139299,32],{"class":84},[48,139301,34182],{"class":87},[48,139303,8353],{"class":84},[48,139305,139306],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139307,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139309,139310,139312,139314,139316],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139311,109],{"class":108},[48,139313,91],{"class":84},[48,139315,42575],{"class":87},[48,139317,102],{"class":84},[20,139319,1037],{},[39,139321,139323],{"className":41,"code":139322,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139324,139325],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139326,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139366,139368],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139328,3605],{"class":84},[48,139330,3001],{"class":62},[48,139332,7005],{"class":66},[48,139334,3001],{"class":62},[48,139336,365],{"class":84},[48,139338,2996],{"class":62},[48,139340,11907],{"class":66},[48,139342,3001],{"class":62},[48,139344,365],{"class":84},[48,139346,2996],{"class":62},[48,139348,133042],{"class":66},[48,139350,3001],{"class":62},[48,139352,365],{"class":84},[48,139354,2996],{"class":62},[48,139356,129782],{"class":66},[48,139358,3001],{"class":62},[48,139360,365],{"class":84},[48,139362,2996],{"class":62},[48,139364,139365],{"class":66},"useful",[48,139367,3001],{"class":62},[48,139369,3339],{"class":84},[20,139371,139372],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1200,139374,139376,1188,139378],{"id":139375},"split-vs-split",[15,139377,60228],{},[15,139379,139380],{},"split(' ')",[20,139382,139383],{},"These are not the same.",[39,139385,139387],{"className":41,"code":139386,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139388,139389,139402,139406,139420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397,139400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139392,55],{"class":54},[48,139394,59],{"class":58},[48,139396,63],{"class":62},[48,139398,139399],{"class":66},"a  b   c",[48,139401,70],{"class":62},[48,139403,139404],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139405,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139407,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139409,109],{"class":108},[48,139411,91],{"class":84},[48,139413,213],{"class":87},[48,139415,32],{"class":84},[48,139417,34182],{"class":87},[48,139419,6902],{"class":84},[48,139421,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139423,109],{"class":108},[48,139425,91],{"class":84},[48,139427,213],{"class":87},[48,139429,32],{"class":84},[48,139431,34182],{"class":87},[48,139433,91],{"class":84},[48,139435,94],{"class":62},[48,139437,63],{"class":62},[48,139439,1034],{"class":84},[20,139441,1037],{},[39,139443,139445],{"className":41,"code":139444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139446,139447,139475],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139448,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139450,3605],{"class":84},[48,139452,3001],{"class":62},[48,139454,224],{"class":66},[48,139456,3001],{"class":62},[48,139458,365],{"class":84},[48,139460,2996],{"class":62},[48,139462,4466],{"class":66},[48,139464,3001],{"class":62},[48,139466,365],{"class":84},[48,139468,2996],{"class":62},[48,139470,632],{"class":66},[48,139472,3001],{"class":62},[48,139474,3339],{"class":84},[48,139476,139477,139479,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139478,3605],{"class":84},[48,139480,3001],{"class":62},[48,139482,224],{"class":66},[48,139484,3001],{"class":62},[48,139486,365],{"class":84},[48,139488,3543],{"class":62},[48,139490,365],{"class":84},[48,139492,2996],{"class":62},[48,139494,4466],{"class":66},[48,139496,3001],{"class":62},[48,139498,365],{"class":84},[48,139500,3543],{"class":62},[48,139502,365],{"class":84},[48,139504,3543],{"class":62},[48,139506,365],{"class":84},[48,139508,2996],{"class":62},[48,139510,632],{"class":66},[48,139512,3001],{"class":62},[48,139514,3339],{"class":84},[162,139516,139517,139522],{},[165,139518,139519,139521],{},[15,139520,60228],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[165,139523,139524,139527],{},[15,139525,139526],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139529,139530,139531,139535],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[224,139532,126028,139533,754],{"href":136472},[15,139534,41363],{}," is often useful.",[34,139537,139539],{"id":139538},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139541,139542,139543,1888,139546,1892,139548,32],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139544,139545],{},"\",\"",[15,139547,133141],{},[15,139549,139550],{},"\"::\"",[20,139552,139553],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139555,139556],{},"Example with commas:",[39,139558,139560],{"className":41,"code":139559,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139561,139562,139574,139596,139600],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139563,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139565,55],{"class":54},[48,139567,59],{"class":58},[48,139569,63],{"class":62},[48,139571,138940],{"class":66},[48,139573,70],{"class":62},[48,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139577,42544],{"class":54},[48,139579,59],{"class":58},[48,139581,81],{"class":54},[48,139583,32],{"class":84},[48,139585,34182],{"class":87},[48,139587,91],{"class":84},[48,139589,94],{"class":62},[48,139591,365],{"class":66},[48,139593,94],{"class":62},[48,139595,102],{"class":84},[48,139597,139598],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139599,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139601,139602,139604,139606,139608],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139603,109],{"class":108},[48,139605,91],{"class":84},[48,139607,42575],{"class":87},[48,139609,102],{"class":84},[20,139611,1037],{},[39,139613,139614],{"className":41,"code":78134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,139615,139616],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139619,3605],{"class":84},[48,139621,3001],{"class":62},[48,139623,3785],{"class":66},[48,139625,3001],{"class":62},[48,139627,365],{"class":84},[48,139629,2996],{"class":62},[48,139631,198],{"class":66},[48,139633,3001],{"class":62},[48,139635,365],{"class":84},[48,139637,2996],{"class":62},[48,139639,3802],{"class":66},[48,139641,3001],{"class":62},[48,139643,3339],{"class":84},[20,139645,139646],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[39,139648,139650],{"className":41,"code":139649,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139651,139652,139665,139687,139691],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139653,139654,139656,139658,139660,139663],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139655,55],{"class":54},[48,139657,59],{"class":58},[48,139659,63],{"class":62},[48,139661,139662],{"class":66},"2024::10::31",[48,139664,70],{"class":62},[48,139666,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139668,42544],{"class":54},[48,139670,59],{"class":58},[48,139672,81],{"class":54},[48,139674,32],{"class":84},[48,139676,34182],{"class":87},[48,139678,91],{"class":84},[48,139680,94],{"class":62},[48,139682,76352],{"class":66},[48,139684,94],{"class":62},[48,139686,102],{"class":84},[48,139688,139689],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139690,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139692,139693,139695,139697,139699],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139694,109],{"class":108},[48,139696,91],{"class":84},[48,139698,42575],{"class":87},[48,139700,102],{"class":84},[20,139702,1037],{},[39,139704,139706],{"className":41,"code":139705,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139707,139708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139709,139710,139712,139714,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139734,139736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139711,3605],{"class":84},[48,139713,3001],{"class":62},[48,139715,139716],{"class":66},"2024",[48,139718,3001],{"class":62},[48,139720,365],{"class":84},[48,139722,2996],{"class":62},[48,139724,2031],{"class":66},[48,139726,3001],{"class":62},[48,139728,365],{"class":84},[48,139730,2996],{"class":62},[48,139732,139733],{"class":66},"31",[48,139735,3001],{"class":62},[48,139737,3339],{"class":84},[20,139739,139740],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139742,139743,139744,32],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[224,139745,128706],{"href":128705},[34,139747,758,139749],{"id":139748},"using-maxsplit",[15,139750,139157],{},[20,139752,139753,139755],{},[15,139754,139157],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139757,139758],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139760,182],{},[39,139762,139764],{"className":41,"code":139763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139765,139766,139779,139805,139809],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139767,139768,139770,139772,139774,139777],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139769,55],{"class":54},[48,139771,59],{"class":58},[48,139773,63],{"class":62},[48,139775,139776],{"class":66},"name:age:city:country",[48,139778,70],{"class":62},[48,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139782,42544],{"class":54},[48,139784,59],{"class":58},[48,139786,81],{"class":54},[48,139788,32],{"class":84},[48,139790,34182],{"class":87},[48,139792,91],{"class":84},[48,139794,94],{"class":62},[48,139796,503],{"class":66},[48,139798,94],{"class":62},[48,139800,365],{"class":84},[48,139802,489],{"class":488},[48,139804,102],{"class":84},[48,139806,139807],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,139808,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,139810,139811,139813,139815,139817],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,139812,109],{"class":108},[48,139814,91],{"class":84},[48,139816,42575],{"class":87},[48,139818,102],{"class":84},[20,139820,1037],{},[39,139822,139824],{"className":41,"code":139823,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139825,139826],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139827,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139851,139853],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139829,3605],{"class":84},[48,139831,3001],{"class":62},[48,139833,7377],{"class":66},[48,139835,3001],{"class":62},[48,139837,365],{"class":84},[48,139839,2996],{"class":62},[48,139841,9011],{"class":66},[48,139843,3001],{"class":62},[48,139845,365],{"class":84},[48,139847,2996],{"class":62},[48,139849,139850],{"class":66},"city:country",[48,139852,3001],{"class":62},[48,139854,3339],{"class":84},[20,139856,261],{},[162,139858,139859,139864,139869],{},[165,139860,139861,139862],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139863,503],{},[165,139865,139866,139867],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139868,503],{},[165,139870,139871],{},"then stops",[20,139873,139874],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139876,51781],{},[39,139878,139880],{"className":41,"code":139879,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139881,139882,139895],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139883,139884,139886,139888,139890,139893],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139885,55],{"class":54},[48,139887,59],{"class":58},[48,139889,63],{"class":62},[48,139891,139892],{"class":66},"apple banana cherry grape",[48,139894,70],{"class":62},[48,139896,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139898,109],{"class":108},[48,139900,91],{"class":84},[48,139902,213],{"class":87},[48,139904,32],{"class":84},[48,139906,34182],{"class":87},[48,139908,91],{"class":84},[48,139910,94],{"class":62},[48,139912,63],{"class":62},[48,139914,365],{"class":84},[48,139916,5204],{"class":488},[48,139918,1034],{"class":84},[20,139920,1037],{},[39,139922,139924],{"className":41,"code":139923,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139925,139926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139927,139928,139930,139932,139934,139936,139938,139940,139943,139945],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139929,3605],{"class":84},[48,139931,3001],{"class":62},[48,139933,3785],{"class":66},[48,139935,3001],{"class":62},[48,139937,365],{"class":84},[48,139939,2996],{"class":62},[48,139941,139942],{"class":66},"banana cherry grape",[48,139944,3001],{"class":62},[48,139946,3339],{"class":84},[34,139948,148,139950,11418],{"id":139949},"what-split-returns",[15,139951,60228],{},[20,139953,139954,139955,139957,139958,32],{},"The result of ",[15,139956,60228],{}," is always a ",[565,139959,7804],{},[20,139961,139962],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139964,182],{},[39,139966,139968],{"className":41,"code":139967,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139969,139970,139983,140005,140009,140019,140033],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,139971,139972,139974,139976,139978,139981],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,139973,55],{"class":54},[48,139975,59],{"class":58},[48,139977,63],{"class":62},[48,139979,139980],{"class":66},"cat,dog,bird",[48,139982,70],{"class":62},[48,139984,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,139986,42544],{"class":54},[48,139988,59],{"class":58},[48,139990,81],{"class":54},[48,139992,32],{"class":84},[48,139994,34182],{"class":87},[48,139996,91],{"class":84},[48,139998,94],{"class":62},[48,140000,365],{"class":66},[48,140002,94],{"class":62},[48,140004,102],{"class":84},[48,140006,140007],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140008,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140010,140011,140013,140015,140017],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140012,109],{"class":108},[48,140014,91],{"class":84},[48,140016,42575],{"class":87},[48,140018,102],{"class":84},[48,140020,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,140022,109],{"class":108},[48,140024,91],{"class":84},[48,140026,2921],{"class":1047},[48,140028,91],{"class":84},[48,140030,42575],{"class":87},[48,140032,1034],{"class":84},[48,140034,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,140036,109],{"class":108},[48,140038,91],{"class":84},[48,140040,42575],{"class":87},[48,140042,3605],{"class":84},[48,140044,578],{"class":488},[48,140046,3593],{"class":84},[20,140048,1037],{},[39,140050,140052],{"className":41,"code":140051,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140053,140054,140082,140096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140055,140056,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140057,3605],{"class":84},[48,140059,3001],{"class":62},[48,140061,607],{"class":66},[48,140063,3001],{"class":62},[48,140065,365],{"class":84},[48,140067,2996],{"class":62},[48,140069,57827],{"class":66},[48,140071,3001],{"class":62},[48,140073,365],{"class":84},[48,140075,2996],{"class":62},[48,140077,57844],{"class":66},[48,140079,3001],{"class":62},[48,140081,3339],{"class":84},[48,140083,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140085,2990],{"class":58},[48,140087,2993],{"class":1767},[48,140089,2996],{"class":62},[48,140091,7804],{"class":66},[48,140093,3001],{"class":62},[48,140095,3004],{"class":58},[48,140097,140098],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140099,85153],{"class":54},[20,140101,140102],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[162,140104,140105,140108,140111],{},[165,140106,140107],{},"loop over it",[165,140109,140110],{},"access items by index",[165,140112,140113],{},"combine items again later",[20,140115,140116,140117,32],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[224,140118,126028,140120,754],{"href":140119},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140121,132984],{},[20,140123,182],{},[39,140125,140127],{"className":41,"code":140126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140128,140129,140161,140183,140187],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140130,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140132,42544],{"class":54},[48,140134,59],{"class":58},[48,140136,3326],{"class":84},[48,140138,3001],{"class":62},[48,140140,607],{"class":66},[48,140142,3001],{"class":62},[48,140144,365],{"class":84},[48,140146,2996],{"class":62},[48,140148,57827],{"class":66},[48,140150,3001],{"class":62},[48,140152,365],{"class":84},[48,140154,2996],{"class":62},[48,140156,57844],{"class":66},[48,140158,3001],{"class":62},[48,140160,3339],{"class":84},[48,140162,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140164,55],{"class":54},[48,140166,59],{"class":58},[48,140168,63],{"class":62},[48,140170,1724],{"class":66},[48,140172,94],{"class":62},[48,140174,32],{"class":84},[48,140176,133061],{"class":87},[48,140178,91],{"class":84},[48,140180,42575],{"class":87},[48,140182,102],{"class":84},[48,140184,140185],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140186,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140188,140189,140191,140193,140195],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140190,109],{"class":108},[48,140192,91],{"class":84},[48,140194,213],{"class":87},[48,140196,102],{"class":84},[20,140198,1037],{},[39,140200,140202],{"className":41,"code":140201,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140203,140204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140205,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140207,607],{"class":54},[48,140209,1724],{"class":58},[48,140211,57827],{"class":54},[48,140213,1724],{"class":58},[48,140215,140216],{"class":54},"bird\n",[34,140218,140220],{"id":140219},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140222,140223],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1200,140225,140227],{"id":140226},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[39,140229,140231],{"className":41,"code":140230,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140232,140233,140241],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140234,140235,140237,140239],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140236,55],{"class":54},[48,140238,59],{"class":58},[48,140240,7592],{"class":62},[48,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140244,109],{"class":108},[48,140246,91],{"class":84},[48,140248,213],{"class":87},[48,140250,32],{"class":84},[48,140252,34182],{"class":87},[48,140254,6902],{"class":84},[20,140256,1037],{},[39,140258,140259],{"className":41,"code":38006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,140260,140261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140262,140263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140264,38006],{"class":84},[1200,140266,140268],{"id":140267},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[39,140270,140272],{"className":41,"code":140271,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140273,140274,140282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140275,140276,140278,140280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140277,55],{"class":54},[48,140279,59],{"class":58},[48,140281,7592],{"class":62},[48,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140285,109],{"class":108},[48,140287,91],{"class":84},[48,140289,213],{"class":87},[48,140291,32],{"class":84},[48,140293,34182],{"class":87},[48,140295,91],{"class":84},[48,140297,94],{"class":62},[48,140299,365],{"class":66},[48,140301,94],{"class":62},[48,140303,1034],{"class":84},[20,140305,1037],{},[39,140307,140309],{"className":41,"code":140308,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['']\n",[15,140310,140311],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140312,140313,140315,140317],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140314,3605],{"class":84},[48,140316,3478],{"class":62},[48,140318,3339],{"class":84},[1200,140320,140322],{"id":140321},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140324,140325],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[39,140327,140329],{"className":41,"code":140328,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140330,140331,140343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140332,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140334,55],{"class":54},[48,140336,59],{"class":58},[48,140338,63],{"class":62},[48,140340,1008],{"class":66},[48,140342,70],{"class":62},[48,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140346,109],{"class":108},[48,140348,91],{"class":84},[48,140350,213],{"class":87},[48,140352,32],{"class":84},[48,140354,34182],{"class":87},[48,140356,91],{"class":84},[48,140358,94],{"class":62},[48,140360,365],{"class":66},[48,140362,94],{"class":62},[48,140364,1034],{"class":84},[20,140366,1037],{},[39,140368,140370],{"className":41,"code":140369,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"['hello']\n",[15,140371,140372],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140373,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140375,3605],{"class":84},[48,140377,3001],{"class":62},[48,140379,1008],{"class":66},[48,140381,3001],{"class":62},[48,140383,3339],{"class":84},[34,140385,4667,140387],{"id":140386},"when-to-use-split",[15,140388,60228],{},[20,140390,139,140391,140393],{},[15,140392,60228],{}," when you need to:",[162,140395,140396,140399,140402],{},[165,140397,140398],{},"split a sentence into words",[165,140400,140401],{},"split comma-separated values",[165,140403,140404],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140406,140407],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[162,140409,140410,140413,140416],{},[165,140411,140412],{},"cleaning text",[165,140414,140415],{},"parsing user input",[165,140417,140418],{},"processing simple file content",[34,140420,1366],{"id":1365},[20,140422,83924],{},[162,140424,140425,140429,140435,140438,140446],{},[165,140426,50213,140427,131237],{},[15,140428,60228],{},[165,140430,140431,140432,140434],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140433,60228],{}," returns a list, not a string",[165,140436,140437],{},"using the wrong separator",[165,140439,140440,140441,140443,140444],{},"assuming ",[15,140442,139380],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140445,60228],{},[165,140447,140448],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140450,140451],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[39,140453,140455],{"className":41,"code":140454,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140456,140457,140469,140487,140491],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140458,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140460,55],{"class":54},[48,140462,59],{"class":58},[48,140464,63],{"class":62},[48,140466,42537],{"class":66},[48,140468,70],{"class":62},[48,140470,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140472,213],{"class":54},[48,140474,32],{"class":84},[48,140476,34182],{"class":87},[48,140478,91],{"class":84},[48,140480,94],{"class":62},[48,140482,365],{"class":66},[48,140484,94],{"class":62},[48,140486,102],{"class":84},[48,140488,140489],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140490,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140492,140493,140495,140497,140499],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140494,109],{"class":108},[48,140496,91],{"class":84},[48,140498,213],{"class":87},[48,140500,102],{"class":84},[20,140502,1037],{},[39,140504,140506],{"className":41,"code":140505,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a,b,c\n",[15,140507,140508],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140509,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140511,224],{"class":54},[48,140513,365],{"class":84},[48,140515,4466],{"class":54},[48,140517,365],{"class":84},[48,140519,68932],{"class":54},[20,140521,140522],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140524,10519],{},[39,140526,140527],{"className":41,"code":42524,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,140528,140529,140541,140563,140567],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140530,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140532,55],{"class":54},[48,140534,59],{"class":58},[48,140536,63],{"class":62},[48,140538,42537],{"class":66},[48,140540,70],{"class":62},[48,140542,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140544,42544],{"class":54},[48,140546,59],{"class":58},[48,140548,81],{"class":54},[48,140550,32],{"class":84},[48,140552,34182],{"class":87},[48,140554,91],{"class":84},[48,140556,94],{"class":62},[48,140558,365],{"class":66},[48,140560,94],{"class":62},[48,140562,102],{"class":84},[48,140564,140565],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140566,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140568,140569,140571,140573,140575],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140570,109],{"class":108},[48,140572,91],{"class":84},[48,140574,42575],{"class":87},[48,140576,102],{"class":84},[20,140578,1037],{},[39,140580,140581],{"className":41,"code":42582,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,140582,140583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140586,3605],{"class":84},[48,140588,3001],{"class":62},[48,140590,224],{"class":66},[48,140592,3001],{"class":62},[48,140594,365],{"class":84},[48,140596,2996],{"class":62},[48,140598,4466],{"class":66},[48,140600,3001],{"class":62},[48,140602,365],{"class":84},[48,140604,2996],{"class":62},[48,140606,632],{"class":66},[48,140608,3001],{"class":62},[48,140610,3339],{"class":84},[20,140612,140613],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[39,140615,140617],{"className":41,"code":140616,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140618,140619,140632,140654,140658],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140620,140621,140623,140625,140627,140630],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140622,55],{"class":54},[48,140624,59],{"class":58},[48,140626,63],{"class":62},[48,140628,140629],{"class":66},"apple,banana",[48,140631,70],{"class":62},[48,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140635,42544],{"class":54},[48,140637,59],{"class":58},[48,140639,81],{"class":54},[48,140641,32],{"class":84},[48,140643,34182],{"class":87},[48,140645,91],{"class":84},[48,140647,94],{"class":62},[48,140649,365],{"class":66},[48,140651,94],{"class":62},[48,140653,102],{"class":84},[48,140655,140656],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140657,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140659,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668,140670],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140661,109],{"class":108},[48,140663,91],{"class":84},[48,140665,42575],{"class":87},[48,140667,3605],{"class":84},[48,140669,280],{"class":488},[48,140671,3593],{"class":84},[20,140673,140674,140675,32],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[224,140676,68945],{"href":68944},[1200,140678,60406],{"id":60405},[20,140680,8586,140681,140683],{},[15,140682,60228],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[39,140685,140687],{"className":41,"code":140686,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140688,140689,140699,140713,140735,140761],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140690,140691,140693,140695,140697],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140692,109],{"class":108},[48,140694,91],{"class":84},[48,140696,213],{"class":87},[48,140698,102],{"class":84},[48,140700,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140702,109],{"class":108},[48,140704,91],{"class":84},[48,140706,213],{"class":87},[48,140708,32],{"class":84},[48,140710,34182],{"class":87},[48,140712,6902],{"class":84},[48,140714,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731,140733],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140716,109],{"class":108},[48,140718,91],{"class":84},[48,140720,213],{"class":87},[48,140722,32],{"class":84},[48,140724,34182],{"class":87},[48,140726,91],{"class":84},[48,140728,3001],{"class":62},[48,140730,365],{"class":66},[48,140732,3001],{"class":62},[48,140734,1034],{"class":84},[48,140736,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755,140757,140759],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140738,109],{"class":108},[48,140740,91],{"class":84},[48,140742,10874],{"class":108},[48,140744,91],{"class":84},[48,140746,213],{"class":87},[48,140748,32],{"class":84},[48,140750,34182],{"class":87},[48,140752,91],{"class":84},[48,140754,3001],{"class":62},[48,140756,365],{"class":66},[48,140758,3001],{"class":62},[48,140760,2610],{"class":84},[48,140762,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,140764,109],{"class":108},[48,140766,91],{"class":84},[48,140768,2921],{"class":1047},[48,140770,91],{"class":84},[48,140772,213],{"class":87},[48,140774,32],{"class":84},[48,140776,34182],{"class":87},[48,140778,91],{"class":84},[48,140780,3001],{"class":62},[48,140782,365],{"class":66},[48,140784,3001],{"class":62},[48,140786,2610],{"class":84},[20,140788,10883],{},[162,140790,140791,140794,140797,140800],{},[165,140792,140793],{},"what the original string looks like",[165,140795,140796],{},"which separator works",[165,140798,140799],{},"how many items were created",[165,140801,140802],{},"that the result is a list",[34,140804,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,140806,1559,140808,500,140810,1564],{"id":140807},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140809,60228],{},[15,140811,139380],{},[20,140813,140814,140816],{},[15,140815,60228],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140818,140819,140821],{},[15,140820,139380],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1200,140823,12418,140825,124360],{"id":140824},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140826,60228],{},[20,140828,140829,140830,56178],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140831,60228],{},[1200,140833,4849,140835,39670],{"id":140834},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140836,139157],{},[20,140838,140839],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1200,140841,140843],{"id":140842},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140845,28776,140846,140848],{},[15,140847,60228],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[34,140850,1599],{"id":1598},[162,140852,140853,140857,140863,140869,140873],{},[165,140854,140855],{},[224,140856,1618],{"href":128705},[165,140858,140859],{},[224,140860,126028,140861,754],{"href":140119},[15,140862,132984],{},[165,140864,140865],{},[224,140866,126028,140867,754],{"href":136472},[15,140868,41363],{},[165,140870,140871],{},[224,140872,124785],{"href":50680},[165,140874,140875],{},[224,140876,68945],{"href":68944},[1633,140878,140879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":140881},[140882,140883,140885,140886,140891,140892,140894,140896,140901,140903,140906,140915],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":138987,"depth":73,"text":140884},"What split() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":139235,"depth":73,"text":140887,"children":140888},"Using split() with no separator",[140889],{"id":139375,"depth":105,"text":140890},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139538,"depth":73,"text":139539},{"id":139748,"depth":73,"text":140893},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139949,"depth":73,"text":140895},"What split() returns",{"id":140219,"depth":73,"text":140220,"children":140897},[140898,140899,140900],{"id":140226,"depth":105,"text":140227},{"id":140267,"depth":105,"text":140268},{"id":140321,"depth":105,"text":140322},{"id":140386,"depth":73,"text":140902},"When to use split()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":140904},[140905],{"id":60405,"depth":105,"text":60406},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":140907},[140908,140910,140912,140914],{"id":140807,"depth":105,"text":140909},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140824,"depth":105,"text":140911},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140834,"depth":105,"text":140913},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140842,"depth":105,"text":140843},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138896,"description":140916},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140923,"title":140924,"body":140925,"description":142868,"extension":1666,"meta":142869,"navigation":122,"path":142870,"seo":142871,"stem":142872,"__hash__":142873},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140926,"toc":142827},[140927,140932,140937,140944,141017,141022,141027,141032,141048,141050,141120,141122,141124,141144,141146,141191,141196,141198,141296,141301,141305,141310,141314,141317,141359,141363,141366,141411,141415,141418,141468,141472,141477,141529,141531,141536,141547,141552,141632,141634,141646,141655,141662,141677,141679,141794,141800,141804,141807,141812,141954,141957,141964,141966,141970,141978,142047,142053,142102,142107,142112,142114,142134,142136,142202,142204,142208,142211,142215,142256,142258,142291,142296,142299,142326,142328,142371,142378,142383,142393,142459,142463,142471,142476,142527,142531,142534,142536,142545,142547,142597,142599,142706,142708,142713,142720,142726,142729,142760,142765,142767,142774,142782,142791,142794,142796,142824],[10,140928,13,140930,18],{"id":140929},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140931,127395],{},[20,140933,22,140934,140936],{},[15,140935,127395],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140938,126094,140939,1358,140941,140943],{},[15,140940,3306],{},[15,140942,3379],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[39,140945,140947],{"className":41,"code":140946,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140948,140949,140962,140966,140991],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,140950,140951,140953,140955,140957,140960],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,140952,55],{"class":54},[48,140954,59],{"class":58},[48,140956,63],{"class":62},[48,140958,140959],{"class":66},"Python Beginner Help",[48,140961,70],{"class":62},[48,140963,140964],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,140965,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,140967,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,140969,109],{"class":108},[48,140971,91],{"class":84},[48,140973,213],{"class":87},[48,140975,32],{"class":84},[48,140977,140978],{"class":87},"startswith",[48,140980,91],{"class":84},[48,140982,94],{"class":62},[48,140984,7005],{"class":66},[48,140986,94],{"class":62},[48,140988,229],{"class":84},[48,140990,43562],{"class":129},[48,140992,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141010,141012,141014],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,140994,109],{"class":108},[48,140996,91],{"class":84},[48,140998,213],{"class":87},[48,141000,32],{"class":84},[48,141002,140978],{"class":87},[48,141004,91],{"class":84},[48,141006,94],{"class":62},[48,141008,141009],{"class":66},"Beginner",[48,141011,94],{"class":62},[48,141013,229],{"class":84},[48,141015,141016],{"class":129}," # False\n",[20,141018,139,141019,141021],{},[15,141020,127395],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[34,141023,148,141025,152],{"id":141024},"what-startswith-does",[15,141026,127395],{},[20,141028,141029,141031],{},[15,141030,127395],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[162,141033,141034,141037,141043,141045],{},[165,141035,141036],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[165,141038,4855,141039,1358,141041],{},[15,141040,3306],{},[15,141042,3379],{},[165,141044,123178],{},[165,141046,141047],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141049,182],{},[39,141051,141053],{"className":41,"code":141052,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141054,141055,141067,141071,141096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141056,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141058,7587],{"class":54},[48,141060,59],{"class":58},[48,141062,63],{"class":62},[48,141064,7005],{"class":66},[48,141066,70],{"class":62},[48,141068,141069],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141070,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141072,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141090,141092,141094],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,141074,109],{"class":108},[48,141076,91],{"class":84},[48,141078,7377],{"class":87},[48,141080,32],{"class":84},[48,141082,140978],{"class":87},[48,141084,91],{"class":84},[48,141086,94],{"class":62},[48,141088,141089],{"class":66},"Py",[48,141091,94],{"class":62},[48,141093,229],{"class":84},[48,141095,43562],{"class":129},[48,141097,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,141099,109],{"class":108},[48,141101,91],{"class":84},[48,141103,7377],{"class":87},[48,141105,32],{"class":84},[48,141107,140978],{"class":87},[48,141109,91],{"class":84},[48,141111,94],{"class":62},[48,141113,128468],{"class":66},[48,141115,94],{"class":62},[48,141117,229],{"class":84},[48,141119,43579],{"class":129},[34,141121,340],{"id":339},[20,141123,42092],{},[39,141125,141127],{"className":41,"code":141126,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141128,141129],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141130,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141142],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141132,353],{"class":54},[48,141134,32],{"class":84},[48,141136,140978],{"class":87},[48,141138,91],{"class":84},[48,141140,141141],{"class":87},"prefix",[48,141143,102],{"class":84},[20,141145,30475],{},[39,141147,141149],{"className":41,"code":141148,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141150,141151,141169],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141152,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141154,353],{"class":54},[48,141156,32],{"class":84},[48,141158,140978],{"class":87},[48,141160,91],{"class":84},[48,141162,141141],{"class":87},[48,141164,365],{"class":84},[48,141166,368],{"class":87},[48,141168,102],{"class":84},[48,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141172,353],{"class":54},[48,141174,32],{"class":84},[48,141176,140978],{"class":87},[48,141178,91],{"class":84},[48,141180,141141],{"class":87},[48,141182,365],{"class":84},[48,141184,368],{"class":87},[48,141186,365],{"class":84},[48,141188,373],{"class":87},[48,141190,102],{"class":84},[20,141192,20487,141193,141195],{},[15,141194,141141],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141197,182],{},[39,141199,141201],{"className":41,"code":141200,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141202,141203,141215,141219,141244,141268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141204,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141206,55],{"class":54},[48,141208,59],{"class":58},[48,141210,63],{"class":62},[48,141212,67],{"class":66},[48,141214,70],{"class":62},[48,141216,141217],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141218,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,141222,109],{"class":108},[48,141224,91],{"class":84},[48,141226,213],{"class":87},[48,141228,32],{"class":84},[48,141230,140978],{"class":87},[48,141232,91],{"class":84},[48,141234,94],{"class":62},[48,141236,1008],{"class":66},[48,141238,94],{"class":62},[48,141240,229],{"class":84},[48,141242,141243],{"class":129},"      # True\n",[48,141245,141246,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,141247,109],{"class":108},[48,141249,91],{"class":84},[48,141251,213],{"class":87},[48,141253,32],{"class":84},[48,141255,140978],{"class":87},[48,141257,91],{"class":84},[48,141259,94],{"class":62},[48,141261,97],{"class":66},[48,141263,94],{"class":62},[48,141265,229],{"class":84},[48,141267,20916],{"class":129},[48,141269,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,141271,109],{"class":108},[48,141273,91],{"class":84},[48,141275,213],{"class":87},[48,141277,32],{"class":84},[48,141279,140978],{"class":87},[48,141281,91],{"class":84},[48,141283,94],{"class":62},[48,141285,97],{"class":66},[48,141287,94],{"class":62},[48,141289,365],{"class":84},[48,141291,37354],{"class":488},[48,141293,229],{"class":84},[48,141295,43562],{"class":129},[20,141297,141298,141299,32],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[224,141300,124785],{"href":50680},[34,141302,141304],{"id":141303},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141306,141307,141309],{},[15,141308,127395],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1200,141311,141312],{"id":141141},[15,141313,141141],{},[20,141315,141316],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[39,141318,141320],{"className":41,"code":141319,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141321,141322,141334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141323,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141325,55],{"class":54},[48,141327,59],{"class":58},[48,141329,63],{"class":62},[48,141331,198],{"class":66},[48,141333,70],{"class":62},[48,141335,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348,141350,141353,141355,141357],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141337,109],{"class":108},[48,141339,91],{"class":84},[48,141341,213],{"class":87},[48,141343,32],{"class":84},[48,141345,140978],{"class":87},[48,141347,91],{"class":84},[48,141349,94],{"class":62},[48,141351,141352],{"class":66},"ban",[48,141354,94],{"class":62},[48,141356,229],{"class":84},[48,141358,3369],{"class":129},[1200,141360,141361],{"id":390},[15,141362,390],{},[20,141364,141365],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[39,141367,141369],{"className":41,"code":141368,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141370,141371,141383],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141372,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141374,55],{"class":54},[48,141376,59],{"class":58},[48,141378,63],{"class":62},[48,141380,67],{"class":66},[48,141382,70],{"class":62},[48,141384,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141386,109],{"class":108},[48,141388,91],{"class":84},[48,141390,213],{"class":87},[48,141392,32],{"class":84},[48,141394,140978],{"class":87},[48,141396,91],{"class":84},[48,141398,94],{"class":62},[48,141400,97],{"class":66},[48,141402,94],{"class":62},[48,141404,365],{"class":84},[48,141406,37354],{"class":488},[48,141408,229],{"class":84},[48,141410,3369],{"class":129},[1200,141412,141413],{"id":396},[15,141414,396],{},[20,141416,141417],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[39,141419,141421],{"className":41,"code":141420,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141422,141423,141435],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141426,55],{"class":54},[48,141428,59],{"class":58},[48,141430,63],{"class":62},[48,141432,67],{"class":66},[48,141434,70],{"class":62},[48,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141438,109],{"class":108},[48,141440,91],{"class":84},[48,141442,213],{"class":87},[48,141444,32],{"class":84},[48,141446,140978],{"class":87},[48,141448,91],{"class":84},[48,141450,94],{"class":62},[48,141452,141453],{"class":66},"wor",[48,141455,94],{"class":62},[48,141457,365],{"class":84},[48,141459,37354],{"class":488},[48,141461,365],{"class":84},[48,141463,53835],{"class":488},[48,141465,229],{"class":84},[48,141467,3369],{"class":129},[1200,141469,141471],{"id":141470},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141473,141474,141476],{},[15,141475,141141],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[39,141478,141480],{"className":41,"code":141479,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141481,141482,141495],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141483,141484,141486,141488,141490,141493],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141485,126111],{"class":54},[48,141487,59],{"class":58},[48,141489,63],{"class":62},[48,141491,141492],{"class":66},"img_001.png",[48,141494,70],{"class":62},[48,141496,141497,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141514,141516,141518,141520,141523,141525,141527],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141498,109],{"class":108},[48,141500,91],{"class":84},[48,141502,126129],{"class":87},[48,141504,32],{"class":84},[48,141506,140978],{"class":87},[48,141508,5217],{"class":84},[48,141510,94],{"class":62},[48,141512,141513],{"class":66},"img_",[48,141515,94],{"class":62},[48,141517,365],{"class":84},[48,141519,63],{"class":62},[48,141521,141522],{"class":66},"photo_",[48,141524,94],{"class":62},[48,141526,50796],{"class":84},[48,141528,3369],{"class":129},[34,141530,17136],{"id":17135},[20,141532,141533,141535],{},[15,141534,127395],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[162,141537,141538,141543],{},[165,141539,141540,141542],{},[15,141541,3306],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[165,141544,141545,126713],{},[15,141546,3379],{},[20,141548,141549,141550,6880],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141551,6705],{},[39,141553,141555],{"className":41,"code":141554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141556,141557,141571,141575,141596,141611,141617],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141558,141559,141562,141564,141566,141569],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141560,141561],{"class":54},"command ",[48,141563,59],{"class":58},[48,141565,63],{"class":62},[48,141567,141568],{"class":66},"\u002Fhelp",[48,141570,70],{"class":62},[48,141572,141573],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141574,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141576,141577,141579,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,141578,6705],{"class":1107},[48,141580,141581],{"class":54}," command",[48,141583,32],{"class":84},[48,141585,140978],{"class":87},[48,141587,91],{"class":84},[48,141589,94],{"class":62},[48,141591,126920],{"class":66},[48,141593,94],{"class":62},[48,141595,8053],{"class":84},[48,141597,141598,141600,141602,141604,141607,141609],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,141599,1138],{"class":108},[48,141601,91],{"class":84},[48,141603,94],{"class":62},[48,141605,141606],{"class":66},"This looks like a command.",[48,141608,94],{"class":62},[48,141610,102],{"class":84},[48,141612,141613,141615],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,141614,27150],{"class":1107},[48,141616,1110],{"class":84},[48,141618,141619,141621,141623,141625,141628,141630],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,141620,1138],{"class":108},[48,141622,91],{"class":84},[48,141624,94],{"class":62},[48,141626,141627],{"class":66},"This is normal text.",[48,141629,94],{"class":62},[48,141631,102],{"class":84},[20,141633,1037],{},[39,141635,141637],{"className":41,"code":141636,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141638,141639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141640,141641,141644],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141642,141643],{"class":54},"This looks like a command",[48,141645,122070],{"class":84},[34,141647,758,141649,8415,141651,500,141653],{"id":141648},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141650,127395],{},[15,141652,390],{},[15,141654,396],{},[20,141656,765,141657,500,141659,141661],{},[15,141658,390],{},[15,141660,396],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[162,141663,141664,141669,141674],{},[165,141665,141666,141668],{},[15,141667,390],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[165,141670,141671,141673],{},[15,141672,396],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[165,141675,141676],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141678,182],{},[39,141680,141682],{"className":41,"code":141681,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141683,141684,141696,141700,141729,141762],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141685,141686,141688,141690,141692,141694],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141687,55],{"class":54},[48,141689,59],{"class":58},[48,141691,63],{"class":62},[48,141693,139181],{"class":66},[48,141695,70],{"class":62},[48,141697,141698],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141699,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141701,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,141703,109],{"class":108},[48,141705,91],{"class":84},[48,141707,213],{"class":87},[48,141709,32],{"class":84},[48,141711,140978],{"class":87},[48,141713,91],{"class":84},[48,141715,94],{"class":62},[48,141717,78955],{"class":66},[48,141719,94],{"class":62},[48,141721,365],{"class":84},[48,141723,878],{"class":488},[48,141725,229],{"class":84},[48,141727,141728],{"class":129},"        # True\n",[48,141730,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141758,141760],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,141732,109],{"class":108},[48,141734,91],{"class":84},[48,141736,213],{"class":87},[48,141738,32],{"class":84},[48,141740,140978],{"class":87},[48,141742,91],{"class":84},[48,141744,94],{"class":62},[48,141746,133788],{"class":66},[48,141748,94],{"class":62},[48,141750,365],{"class":84},[48,141752,6068],{"class":488},[48,141754,365],{"class":84},[48,141756,141757],{"class":488}," 13",[48,141759,229],{"class":84},[48,141761,3369],{"class":129},[48,141763,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,141765,109],{"class":108},[48,141767,91],{"class":84},[48,141769,213],{"class":87},[48,141771,32],{"class":84},[48,141773,140978],{"class":87},[48,141775,91],{"class":84},[48,141777,94],{"class":62},[48,141779,133788],{"class":66},[48,141781,94],{"class":62},[48,141783,365],{"class":84},[48,141785,6068],{"class":488},[48,141787,365],{"class":84},[48,141789,30654],{"class":488},[48,141791,229],{"class":84},[48,141793,4477],{"class":129},[20,141795,141796,141797,141799],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141798,396],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[34,141801,141803],{"id":141802},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141805,141806],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141808,141809,141810,49055],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141811,40546],{},[39,141813,141815],{"className":41,"code":141814,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141816,141817,141831,141845,141859,141863,141887,141891,141912,141933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141818,141819,141822,141824,141826,141829],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141820,141821],{"class":54},"filename1 ",[48,141823,59],{"class":58},[48,141825,63],{"class":62},[48,141827,141828],{"class":66},"img_101.jpg",[48,141830,70],{"class":62},[48,141832,141833,141836,141838,141840,141843],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141834,141835],{"class":54},"filename2 ",[48,141837,59],{"class":58},[48,141839,63],{"class":62},[48,141841,141842],{"class":66},"photo_202.jpg",[48,141844,70],{"class":62},[48,141846,141847,141850,141852,141854,141857],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,141848,141849],{"class":54},"filename3 ",[48,141851,59],{"class":58},[48,141853,63],{"class":62},[48,141855,141856],{"class":66},"doc_303.jpg",[48,141858,70],{"class":62},[48,141860,141861],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,141862,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141864,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,141866,127322],{"class":54},[48,141868,59],{"class":58},[48,141870,8948],{"class":84},[48,141872,94],{"class":62},[48,141874,141513],{"class":66},[48,141876,94],{"class":62},[48,141878,365],{"class":84},[48,141880,63],{"class":62},[48,141882,141522],{"class":66},[48,141884,94],{"class":62},[48,141886,102],{"class":84},[48,141888,141889],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,141890,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,141892,141893,141895,141897,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,141894,109],{"class":108},[48,141896,91],{"class":84},[48,141898,141899],{"class":87},"filename1",[48,141901,32],{"class":84},[48,141903,140978],{"class":87},[48,141905,91],{"class":84},[48,141907,127374],{"class":87},[48,141909,229],{"class":84},[48,141911,3369],{"class":129},[48,141913,141914,141916,141918,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,141915,109],{"class":108},[48,141917,91],{"class":84},[48,141919,141920],{"class":87},"filename2",[48,141922,32],{"class":84},[48,141924,140978],{"class":87},[48,141926,91],{"class":84},[48,141928,127374],{"class":87},[48,141930,229],{"class":84},[48,141932,3369],{"class":129},[48,141934,141935,141937,141939,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950,141952],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,141936,109],{"class":108},[48,141938,91],{"class":84},[48,141940,141941],{"class":87},"filename3",[48,141943,32],{"class":84},[48,141945,140978],{"class":87},[48,141947,91],{"class":84},[48,141949,127374],{"class":87},[48,141951,229],{"class":84},[48,141953,4477],{"class":129},[20,141955,141956],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141958,74458,141959,141963],{},[224,141960,126028,141961,754],{"href":129613},[15,141962,126086],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[34,141965,123681],{"id":123680},[20,141967,141968,123492],{},[15,141969,127395],{},[20,141971,127072,141972,500,141975,127079],{},[15,141973,141974],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141976,141977],{},"\"python\"",[39,141979,141981],{"className":41,"code":141980,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141982,141983,141995,141999,142023],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,141984,141985,141987,141989,141991,141993],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,141986,55],{"class":54},[48,141988,59],{"class":58},[48,141990,63],{"class":62},[48,141992,7005],{"class":66},[48,141994,70],{"class":62},[48,141996,141997],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,141998,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142000,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142002,109],{"class":108},[48,142004,91],{"class":84},[48,142006,213],{"class":87},[48,142008,32],{"class":84},[48,142010,140978],{"class":87},[48,142012,91],{"class":84},[48,142014,94],{"class":62},[48,142016,141089],{"class":66},[48,142018,94],{"class":62},[48,142020,229],{"class":84},[48,142022,3369],{"class":129},[48,142024,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033,142035,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,142026,109],{"class":108},[48,142028,91],{"class":84},[48,142030,213],{"class":87},[48,142032,32],{"class":84},[48,142034,140978],{"class":87},[48,142036,91],{"class":84},[48,142038,94],{"class":62},[48,142040,128468],{"class":66},[48,142042,94],{"class":62},[48,142044,229],{"class":84},[48,142046,4477],{"class":129},[20,142048,127164,142049,32],{},[224,142050,142051],{"href":123761},[15,142052,123764],{},[39,142054,142056],{"className":41,"code":142055,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142057,142058,142070,142074],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142059,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142061,55],{"class":54},[48,142063,59],{"class":58},[48,142065,63],{"class":62},[48,142067,7005],{"class":66},[48,142069,70],{"class":62},[48,142071,142072],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142073,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142075,142076,142078,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142077,109],{"class":108},[48,142079,91],{"class":84},[48,142081,213],{"class":87},[48,142083,32],{"class":84},[48,142085,8350],{"class":87},[48,142087,8347],{"class":84},[48,142089,140978],{"class":87},[48,142091,91],{"class":84},[48,142093,94],{"class":62},[48,142095,128468],{"class":66},[48,142097,94],{"class":62},[48,142099,229],{"class":84},[48,142101,3369],{"class":129},[34,142103,4667,142105],{"id":142104},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142106,127395],{},[20,142108,142109,142111],{},[15,142110,127395],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142113,9086],{},[162,142115,142116,142119,142122,142131],{},[165,142117,142118],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[165,142120,142121],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[165,142123,142124,142125,1358,142128],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142126,142127],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142129,142130],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[165,142132,142133],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142135,182],{},[39,142137,142139],{"className":41,"code":142138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142140,142141,142154,142158,142187],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142142,142143,142145,142147,142149,142152],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142144,126891],{"class":54},[48,142146,59],{"class":58},[48,142148,63],{"class":62},[48,142150,142151],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[48,142153,70],{"class":62},[48,142155,142156],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142157,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142159,142160,142162,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142161,6705],{"class":1107},[48,142163,142164],{"class":54}," url",[48,142166,32],{"class":84},[48,142168,140978],{"class":87},[48,142170,5217],{"class":84},[48,142172,94],{"class":62},[48,142174,142127],{"class":66},[48,142176,94],{"class":62},[48,142178,365],{"class":84},[48,142180,63],{"class":62},[48,142182,142130],{"class":66},[48,142184,94],{"class":62},[48,142186,69249],{"class":84},[48,142188,142189,142191,142193,142195,142198,142200],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,142190,1138],{"class":108},[48,142192,91],{"class":84},[48,142194,94],{"class":62},[48,142196,142197],{"class":66},"This looks like a web URL.",[48,142199,94],{"class":62},[48,142201,102],{"class":84},[34,142203,1366],{"id":1365},[20,142205,22810,142206,32],{},[15,142207,127395],{},[1200,142209,138342],{"id":142210},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142212,142213,123492],{},[15,142214,127395],{},[39,142216,142218],{"className":41,"code":142217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142219,142220,142232],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142221,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142223,55],{"class":54},[48,142225,59],{"class":58},[48,142227,63],{"class":62},[48,142229,7005],{"class":66},[48,142231,70],{"class":62},[48,142233,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142235,109],{"class":108},[48,142237,91],{"class":84},[48,142239,213],{"class":87},[48,142241,32],{"class":84},[48,142243,140978],{"class":87},[48,142245,91],{"class":84},[48,142247,94],{"class":62},[48,142249,43],{"class":66},[48,142251,94],{"class":62},[48,142253,229],{"class":84},[48,142255,4477],{"class":129},[20,142257,38971],{},[39,142259,142261],{"className":41,"code":142260,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142262,142263],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142264,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142266,109],{"class":108},[48,142268,91],{"class":84},[48,142270,213],{"class":87},[48,142272,32],{"class":84},[48,142274,8350],{"class":87},[48,142276,8347],{"class":84},[48,142278,140978],{"class":87},[48,142280,91],{"class":84},[48,142282,94],{"class":62},[48,142284,43],{"class":66},[48,142286,94],{"class":62},[48,142288,229],{"class":84},[48,142290,3369],{"class":129},[1200,142292,29365,142294,136824],{"id":142293},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142295,127395],{},[20,142297,142298],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[39,142300,142302],{"className":41,"code":142301,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142303,142304,142312,142316,142321],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142305,142306,142308,142310],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142307,2147],{"class":54},[48,142309,59],{"class":58},[48,142311,124712],{"class":488},[48,142313,142314],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142315,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142317,142318],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142319,142320],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error:\n",[48,142322,142323],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,142324,142325],{"class":129},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142327,38971],{},[39,142329,142331],{"className":41,"code":142330,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142332,142333,142347],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142336,2147],{"class":54},[48,142338,59],{"class":58},[48,142340,48611],{"class":1047},[48,142342,91],{"class":84},[48,142344,49953],{"class":488},[48,142346,102],{"class":84},[48,142348,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142350,109],{"class":108},[48,142352,91],{"class":84},[48,142354,362],{"class":87},[48,142356,32],{"class":84},[48,142358,140978],{"class":87},[48,142360,91],{"class":84},[48,142362,94],{"class":62},[48,142364,272],{"class":66},[48,142366,94],{"class":62},[48,142368,229],{"class":84},[48,142370,3369],{"class":129},[1200,142372,36914,142374,8415,142376],{"id":142373},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142375,127395],{},[15,142377,3587],{},[20,142379,142380,142382],{},[15,142381,127395],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142384,142385,142386,142388,142389,32],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142387,3587],{}," or methods like ",[224,142390,142391],{"href":124043},[15,142392,1191],{},[39,142394,142396],{"className":41,"code":142395,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142397,142398,142410,142414,142438],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142399,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142401,55],{"class":54},[48,142403,59],{"class":58},[48,142405,63],{"class":62},[48,142407,67],{"class":66},[48,142409,70],{"class":62},[48,142411,142412],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142413,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142415,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142417,109],{"class":108},[48,142419,91],{"class":84},[48,142421,213],{"class":87},[48,142423,32],{"class":84},[48,142425,140978],{"class":87},[48,142427,91],{"class":84},[48,142429,94],{"class":62},[48,142431,97],{"class":66},[48,142433,94],{"class":62},[48,142435,229],{"class":84},[48,142437,4477],{"class":129},[48,142439,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,142441,109],{"class":108},[48,142443,91],{"class":84},[48,142445,94],{"class":62},[48,142447,97],{"class":66},[48,142449,94],{"class":62},[48,142451,20889],{"class":1107},[48,142453,81],{"class":87},[48,142455,3366],{"class":84},[48,142457,142458],{"class":129},"           # True\n",[20,142460,135376,142461,32],{},[224,142462,1362],{"href":123289},[1200,142464,4409,142466,500,142468,142470],{"id":142465},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142467,390],{},[15,142469,396],{}," use index positions",[20,142472,142473,142474,32],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142475,578],{},[39,142477,142479],{"className":41,"code":142478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142480,142481,142494,142498],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142482,142483,142485,142487,142489,142492],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142484,55],{"class":54},[48,142486,59],{"class":58},[48,142488,63],{"class":62},[48,142490,142491],{"class":66},"abcdef",[48,142493,70],{"class":62},[48,142495,142496],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142497,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,142499,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508,142510,142512,142514,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142501,109],{"class":108},[48,142503,91],{"class":84},[48,142505,213],{"class":87},[48,142507,32],{"class":84},[48,142509,140978],{"class":87},[48,142511,91],{"class":84},[48,142513,94],{"class":62},[48,142515,142516],{"class":66},"cd",[48,142518,94],{"class":62},[48,142520,365],{"class":84},[48,142522,489],{"class":488},[48,142524,229],{"class":84},[48,142526,3369],{"class":129},[1200,142528,142530],{"id":142529},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142532,142533],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142535,16360],{},[39,142537,142539],{"className":41,"code":142538,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142540,142541],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142542,142543],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142544,142538],{"class":129},[20,142546,16372],{},[39,142548,142550],{"className":41,"code":142549,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142551,142552,142564],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142555,55],{"class":54},[48,142557,59],{"class":58},[48,142559,63],{"class":62},[48,142561,7005],{"class":66},[48,142563,70],{"class":62},[48,142565,142566,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142591,142593,142595],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142567,109],{"class":108},[48,142569,91],{"class":84},[48,142571,213],{"class":87},[48,142573,32],{"class":84},[48,142575,140978],{"class":87},[48,142577,5217],{"class":84},[48,142579,94],{"class":62},[48,142581,141089],{"class":66},[48,142583,94],{"class":62},[48,142585,365],{"class":84},[48,142587,63],{"class":62},[48,142589,142590],{"class":66},"Ja",[48,142592,94],{"class":62},[48,142594,50796],{"class":84},[48,142596,3369],{"class":129},[20,142598,31794],{},[39,142600,142602],{"className":41,"code":142601,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142603,142604,142614,142628,142650,142676],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142605,142606,142608,142610,142612],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142607,109],{"class":108},[48,142609,91],{"class":84},[48,142611,213],{"class":87},[48,142613,102],{"class":84},[48,142615,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142617,109],{"class":108},[48,142619,91],{"class":84},[48,142621,2921],{"class":1047},[48,142623,91],{"class":84},[48,142625,213],{"class":87},[48,142627,1034],{"class":84},[48,142629,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142631,109],{"class":108},[48,142633,91],{"class":84},[48,142635,213],{"class":87},[48,142637,32],{"class":84},[48,142639,140978],{"class":87},[48,142641,91],{"class":84},[48,142643,94],{"class":62},[48,142645,141089],{"class":66},[48,142647,94],{"class":62},[48,142649,1034],{"class":84},[48,142651,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666,142668,142670,142672,142674],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,142653,109],{"class":108},[48,142655,91],{"class":84},[48,142657,213],{"class":87},[48,142659,32],{"class":84},[48,142661,8350],{"class":87},[48,142663,8347],{"class":84},[48,142665,140978],{"class":87},[48,142667,91],{"class":84},[48,142669,94],{"class":62},[48,142671,128468],{"class":66},[48,142673,94],{"class":62},[48,142675,1034],{"class":84},[48,142677,142678,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,142679,109],{"class":108},[48,142681,91],{"class":84},[48,142683,213],{"class":87},[48,142685,32],{"class":84},[48,142687,140978],{"class":87},[48,142689,5217],{"class":84},[48,142691,94],{"class":62},[48,142693,141089],{"class":66},[48,142695,94],{"class":62},[48,142697,365],{"class":84},[48,142699,63],{"class":62},[48,142701,142590],{"class":66},[48,142703,94],{"class":62},[48,142705,2610],{"class":84},[34,142707,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,142709,12418,142711,127873],{"id":142710},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142712,127395],{},[20,142714,142715,142716,1358,142718,32],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142717,3306],{},[15,142719,3379],{},[1200,142721,1579,142723,142725],{"id":142722},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142724,127395],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142727,142728],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[39,142730,142732],{"className":41,"code":142731,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142733,142734],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142735,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142737,213],{"class":54},[48,142739,32],{"class":84},[48,142741,140978],{"class":87},[48,142743,5217],{"class":84},[48,142745,94],{"class":62},[48,142747,224],{"class":66},[48,142749,94],{"class":62},[48,142751,365],{"class":84},[48,142753,63],{"class":62},[48,142755,4466],{"class":66},[48,142757,94],{"class":62},[48,142759,1034],{"class":84},[1200,142761,14618,142763,1592],{"id":142762},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142764,127395],{},[20,142766,1595],{},[1200,142768,1559,142770,500,142772,1564],{"id":142769},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142771,127395],{},[15,142773,3587],{},[20,142775,142776,142778,142779,142781],{},[15,142777,127395],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142780,3587],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1200,142783,28044,142785,500,142787,8415,142789,1564],{"id":142784},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142786,390],{},[15,142788,396],{},[15,142790,127395],{},[20,142792,142793],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[34,142795,1599],{"id":1598},[162,142797,142798,142804,142810,142816,142820],{},[165,142799,142800],{},[224,142801,126028,142802,754],{"href":129613},[15,142803,126086],{},[165,142805,142806],{},[224,142807,126028,142808,754],{"href":124043},[15,142809,1191],{},[165,142811,142812],{},[224,142813,126028,142814,754],{"href":123761},[15,142815,123764],{},[165,142817,142818],{},[224,142819,1612],{"href":123289},[165,142821,142822],{},[224,142823,124785],{"href":50680},[1633,142825,142826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":142828},[142829,142831,142832,142838,142839,142841,142842,142843,142845,142855,142867],{"id":141024,"depth":73,"text":142830},"What startswith() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":141303,"depth":73,"text":141304,"children":142833},[142834,142835,142836,142837],{"id":141141,"depth":105,"text":141141},{"id":390,"depth":105,"text":390},{"id":396,"depth":105,"text":396},{"id":141470,"depth":105,"text":141471},{"id":17135,"depth":73,"text":17136},{"id":141648,"depth":73,"text":142840},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141802,"depth":73,"text":141803},{"id":123680,"depth":73,"text":123681},{"id":142104,"depth":73,"text":142844},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":142846},[142847,142848,142850,142852,142854],{"id":142210,"depth":105,"text":138342},{"id":142293,"depth":105,"text":142849},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142373,"depth":105,"text":142851},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142465,"depth":105,"text":142853},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142529,"depth":105,"text":142530},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":142856},[142857,142859,142861,142863,142865],{"id":142710,"depth":105,"text":142858},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142722,"depth":105,"text":142860},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142762,"depth":105,"text":142862},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142769,"depth":105,"text":142864},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142784,"depth":105,"text":142866},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140924,"description":142868},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142875,"title":142876,"body":142877,"description":144331,"extension":1666,"meta":144332,"navigation":122,"path":144333,"seo":144334,"stem":144335,"__hash__":144336},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142878,"toc":144301},[142879,142884,142889,142892,142894,142938,142940,142948,142953,142958,142963,142965,142983,142985,143031,143033,143047,143056,143060,143062,143064,143076,143081,143084,143116,143118,143127,143132,143135,143176,143178,143186,143188,143201,143207,143211,143214,143230,143232,143281,143283,143292,143295,143354,143356,143365,143372,143375,143428,143430,143454,143461,143467,143471,143477,143480,143491,143493,143533,143535,143543,143545,143585,143587,143596,143598,143616,143619,143626,143637,143640,143657,143659,143736,143738,143769,143772,143774,143777,143803,143805,143845,143847,143856,143866,143874,143882,143887,143892,143894,143908,143910,143961,143963,143972,143982,143984,143986,144008,144011,144090,144092,144128,144131,144206,144211,144213,144219,144224,144229,144232,144238,144241,144248,144256,144260,144268,144270,144298],[10,142880,13,142882,18],{"id":142881},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142883,41363],{},[20,142885,32029,142886,142888],{},[15,142887,41363],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142890,142891],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[34,142893,3311],{"id":3310},[39,142895,142897],{"className":41,"code":142896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142898,142899,142912,142927],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142900,142901,142903,142905,142907,142910],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142902,55],{"class":54},[48,142904,59],{"class":58},[48,142906,63],{"class":62},[48,142908,142909],{"class":66},"  hello  ",[48,142911,70],{"class":62},[48,142913,142914,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,142915,142916],{"class":54},"clean_text ",[48,142918,59],{"class":58},[48,142920,81],{"class":54},[48,142922,32],{"class":84},[48,142924,8344],{"class":87},[48,142926,8353],{"class":84},[48,142928,142929,142931,142933,142936],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,142930,109],{"class":108},[48,142932,91],{"class":84},[48,142934,142935],{"class":87},"clean_text",[48,142937,102],{"class":84},[20,142939,1037],{},[39,142941,142942],{"className":41,"code":138217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,142943,142944],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142945,142946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142947,138217],{"class":54},[20,142949,139,142950,142952],{},[15,142951,41363],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[34,142954,148,142956,152],{"id":142955},"what-strip-does",[15,142957,41363],{},[20,142959,142960,142962],{},[15,142961,41363],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142964,160],{},[162,142966,142967,142971,142974,142977,142980],{},[165,142968,142969,131367],{},[15,142970,41363],{},[165,142972,142973],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[165,142975,142976],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[165,142978,142979],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[165,142981,142982],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142984,182],{},[39,142986,142988],{"className":41,"code":142987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142989,142990,143003,143007,143021],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,142991,142992,142994,142996,142998,143001],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,142993,55],{"class":54},[48,142995,59],{"class":58},[48,142997,63],{"class":62},[48,142999,143000],{"class":66},"  hello world  ",[48,143002,70],{"class":62},[48,143004,143005],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143006,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,143008,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143010,109],{"class":108},[48,143012,91],{"class":84},[48,143014,213],{"class":87},[48,143016,32],{"class":84},[48,143018,8344],{"class":87},[48,143020,6902],{"class":84},[48,143022,143023,143025,143027,143029],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,143024,109],{"class":108},[48,143026,91],{"class":84},[48,143028,213],{"class":87},[48,143030,102],{"class":84},[20,143032,1037],{},[39,143034,143036],{"className":41,"code":143035,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143037,143038,143042],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143039,143040],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143041,133918],{"class":54},[48,143043,143044],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143045,143046],{"class":54},"  hello world\n",[20,143048,143049,143050,143052,143053,143055],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143051,41363],{},", but the original ",[15,143054,213],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143057,124782,143058,32],{},[224,143059,124785],{"href":50680},[34,143061,340],{"id":339},[20,143063,26203],{},[162,143065,143066,143071],{},[165,143067,143068],{},[15,143069,143070],{},"string.strip()",[165,143072,143073],{},[15,143074,143075],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1200,143077,143079],{"id":143078},"stringstrip",[15,143080,143070],{},[20,143082,143083],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[39,143085,143087],{"className":41,"code":143086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143088,143089,143102],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143090,143091,143093,143095,143097,143100],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143092,7587],{"class":54},[48,143094,59],{"class":58},[48,143096,63],{"class":62},[48,143098,143099],{"class":66},"  Alice  ",[48,143101,70],{"class":62},[48,143103,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143105,109],{"class":108},[48,143107,91],{"class":84},[48,143109,7377],{"class":87},[48,143111,32],{"class":84},[48,143113,8344],{"class":87},[48,143115,6902],{"class":84},[20,143117,1037],{},[39,143119,143121],{"className":41,"code":143120,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Alice\n",[15,143122,143123],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143124,143125],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143126,143120],{"class":54},[1200,143128,143130],{"id":143129},"stringstripchars",[15,143131,143075],{},[20,143133,143134],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[39,143136,143138],{"className":41,"code":143137,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143139,143140,143153],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143151],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143143,55],{"class":54},[48,143145,59],{"class":58},[48,143147,63],{"class":62},[48,143149,143150],{"class":66},"!!hello??",[48,143152,70],{"class":62},[48,143154,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165,143167,143169,143172,143174],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143156,109],{"class":108},[48,143158,91],{"class":84},[48,143160,213],{"class":87},[48,143162,32],{"class":84},[48,143164,8344],{"class":87},[48,143166,91],{"class":84},[48,143168,94],{"class":62},[48,143170,143171],{"class":66},"!?",[48,143173,94],{"class":62},[48,143175,1034],{"class":84},[20,143177,1037],{},[39,143179,143180],{"className":41,"code":138217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,143181,143182],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143183,143184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143185,138217],{"class":54},[20,143187,83505],{},[162,143189,143190,143195],{},[165,143191,143192,143194],{},[15,143193,134161],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[165,143196,143197,143198,143200],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143199,134161],{}," does not matter",[34,143202,143204,143205],{"id":143203},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143206,41363],{},[20,143208,30596,143209,32],{},[15,143210,41363],{},[20,143212,143213],{},"It is useful for:",[162,143215,143216,143221,143224,143227],{},[165,143217,143218,143219,3590],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143220,2656],{},[165,143222,143223],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[165,143225,143226],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[165,143228,143229],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143231,48068],{},[39,143233,143235],{"className":41,"code":143234,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143236,143237,143250,143266,143270],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143238,143239,143241,143243,143245,143248],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143240,7672],{"class":54},[48,143242,59],{"class":58},[48,143244,63],{"class":62},[48,143246,143247],{"class":66},"  sam  ",[48,143249,70],{"class":62},[48,143251,143252,143255,143257,143260,143262,143264],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143253,143254],{"class":54},"clean_username ",[48,143256,59],{"class":58},[48,143258,143259],{"class":54}," username",[48,143261,32],{"class":84},[48,143263,8344],{"class":87},[48,143265,8353],{"class":84},[48,143267,143268],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143269,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,143271,143272,143274,143276,143279],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,143273,109],{"class":108},[48,143275,91],{"class":84},[48,143277,143278],{"class":87},"clean_username",[48,143280,102],{"class":84},[20,143282,1037],{},[39,143284,143286],{"className":41,"code":143285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sam\n",[15,143287,143288],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143289,143290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143291,143285],{"class":54},[20,143293,143294],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[39,143296,143298],{"className":41,"code":143297,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143299,143300,143313,143317,143339],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143301,143302,143304,143306,143308,143311],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143303,136145],{"class":54},[48,143305,59],{"class":58},[48,143307,63],{"class":62},[48,143309,143310],{"class":66}," yes  ",[48,143312,70],{"class":62},[48,143314,143315],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143316,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,143318,143319,143321,143323,143325,143327,143329,143331,143333,143335,143337],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143320,6705],{"class":1107},[48,143322,136165],{"class":54},[48,143324,32],{"class":84},[48,143326,8344],{"class":87},[48,143328,7074],{"class":84},[48,143330,6116],{"class":58},[48,143332,63],{"class":62},[48,143334,8368],{"class":66},[48,143336,94],{"class":62},[48,143338,1110],{"class":84},[48,143340,143341,143343,143345,143347,143350,143352],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,143342,1138],{"class":108},[48,143344,91],{"class":84},[48,143346,94],{"class":62},[48,143348,143349],{"class":66},"Matched",[48,143351,94],{"class":62},[48,143353,102],{"class":84},[20,143355,1037],{},[39,143357,143359],{"className":41,"code":143358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Matched\n",[15,143360,143361],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143362,143363],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143364,143358],{"class":54},[20,143366,143367,143368,32],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[224,143369,143371],{"href":143370},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143373,143374],{},"Example with file-style text:",[39,143376,143378],{"className":41,"code":143377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143379,143380,143396,143410],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143381,143382,143385,143387,143389,143392,143394],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143383,143384],{"class":54},"line ",[48,143386,59],{"class":58},[48,143388,63],{"class":62},[48,143390,143391],{"class":66},"Python basics",[48,143393,86837],{"class":34166},[48,143395,70],{"class":62},[48,143397,143398,143400,143402,143404,143406,143408],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143399,109],{"class":108},[48,143401,91],{"class":84},[48,143403,1428],{"class":108},[48,143405,91],{"class":84},[48,143407,50],{"class":87},[48,143409,1034],{"class":84},[48,143411,143412,143414,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143413,109],{"class":108},[48,143415,91],{"class":84},[48,143417,1428],{"class":108},[48,143419,91],{"class":84},[48,143421,50],{"class":87},[48,143423,32],{"class":84},[48,143425,8344],{"class":87},[48,143427,5998],{"class":84},[20,143429,1037],{},[39,143431,143433],{"className":41,"code":143432,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143434,143435,143446],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143436,143437,143439,143441,143444],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143438,3001],{"class":43035},[48,143440,143391],{"class":43039},[48,143442,86837],{"class":143443},"sfi6f",[48,143445,29415],{"class":43035},[48,143447,143448,143450,143452],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143449,3001],{"class":43035},[48,143451,143391],{"class":43039},[48,143453,29415],{"class":43035},[20,143455,758,143456,143458,143459,32],{},[15,143457,122252],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143460,86837],{},[20,143462,143463,143464,32],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[224,143465,143466],{"href":87490},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[34,143468,143470],{"id":143469},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143472,143473,143474,32],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143475,143476],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143478,143479],{},"Python will:",[162,143481,143482,143485,143488],{},[165,143483,143484],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[165,143486,143487],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[165,143489,143490],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143492,182],{},[39,143494,143496],{"className":41,"code":143495,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143497,143498,143511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143499,143500,143502,143504,143506,143509],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143501,55],{"class":54},[48,143503,59],{"class":58},[48,143505,63],{"class":62},[48,143507,143508],{"class":66},"??hello!!",[48,143510,70],{"class":62},[48,143512,143513,143515,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143514,109],{"class":108},[48,143516,91],{"class":84},[48,143518,213],{"class":87},[48,143520,32],{"class":84},[48,143522,8344],{"class":87},[48,143524,91],{"class":84},[48,143526,94],{"class":62},[48,143528,143171],{"class":66},[48,143530,94],{"class":62},[48,143532,1034],{"class":84},[20,143534,1037],{},[39,143536,143537],{"className":41,"code":138217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,143538,143539],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143540,143541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143542,138217],{"class":54},[20,143544,51781],{},[39,143546,143548],{"className":41,"code":143547,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143549,143550,143563],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143551,143552,143554,143556,143558,143561],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143553,55],{"class":54},[48,143555,59],{"class":58},[48,143557,63],{"class":62},[48,143559,143560],{"class":66},"abcHelloCba",[48,143562,70],{"class":62},[48,143564,143565,143567,143569,143571,143573,143575,143577,143579,143581,143583],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143566,109],{"class":108},[48,143568,91],{"class":84},[48,143570,213],{"class":87},[48,143572,32],{"class":84},[48,143574,8344],{"class":87},[48,143576,91],{"class":84},[48,143578,94],{"class":62},[48,143580,41270],{"class":66},[48,143582,94],{"class":62},[48,143584,1034],{"class":84},[20,143586,1037],{},[39,143588,143590],{"className":41,"code":143589,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HelloC\n",[15,143591,143592],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143593,143594],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143595,143589],{"class":54},[20,143597,5943],{},[20,143599,143600,13768,143603,143605,143606,143608,143609,1888,143611,1892,143613,143615],{},[15,143601,143602],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[565,143604,1055],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143607,41270],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143610,224],{},[15,143612,4466],{},[15,143614,632],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143617,143618],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143620,143621,143622,1575],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[224,143623,143624],{"href":129600},[15,143625,124204],{},[34,143627,143629,1188,143631,1188,143634],{"id":143628},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143630,41363],{},[15,143632,143633],{},"lstrip()",[15,143635,143636],{},"rstrip()",[20,143638,143639],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[162,143641,143642,143647,143652],{},[165,143643,143644,143646],{},[15,143645,41363],{}," removes from both ends",[165,143648,143649,143651],{},[15,143650,143633],{}," removes from the left side only",[165,143653,143654,143656],{},[15,143655,143636],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143658,182],{},[39,143660,143662],{"className":41,"code":143661,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143663,143664,143676,143680,143698,143717],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143665,143666,143668,143670,143672,143674],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143667,55],{"class":54},[48,143669,59],{"class":58},[48,143671,63],{"class":62},[48,143673,142909],{"class":66},[48,143675,70],{"class":62},[48,143677,143678],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143679,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,143681,143682,143684,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694,143696],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143683,109],{"class":108},[48,143685,91],{"class":84},[48,143687,1428],{"class":108},[48,143689,91],{"class":84},[48,143691,213],{"class":87},[48,143693,32],{"class":84},[48,143695,8344],{"class":87},[48,143697,5998],{"class":84},[48,143699,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708,143710,143712,143715],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,143701,109],{"class":108},[48,143703,91],{"class":84},[48,143705,1428],{"class":108},[48,143707,91],{"class":84},[48,143709,213],{"class":87},[48,143711,32],{"class":84},[48,143713,143714],{"class":87},"lstrip",[48,143716,5998],{"class":84},[48,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143734],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,143720,109],{"class":108},[48,143722,91],{"class":84},[48,143724,1428],{"class":108},[48,143726,91],{"class":84},[48,143728,213],{"class":87},[48,143730,32],{"class":84},[48,143732,143733],{"class":87},"rstrip",[48,143735,5998],{"class":84},[20,143737,1037],{},[39,143739,143741],{"className":41,"code":143740,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143742,143743,143751,143760],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143744,143745,143747,143749],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143746,3001],{"class":43035},[48,143748,1008],{"class":43039},[48,143750,29415],{"class":43035},[48,143752,143753,143755,143758],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143754,3001],{"class":43035},[48,143756,143757],{"class":43039},"hello  ",[48,143759,29415],{"class":43035},[48,143761,143762,143764,143767],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143763,3001],{"class":43035},[48,143765,143766],{"class":43039},"  hello",[48,143768,29415],{"class":43035},[20,143770,143771],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[34,143773,108046],{"id":108045},[20,143775,143776],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[162,143778,143779,143787,143797,143800],{},[165,143780,143781,143783,143784,143786],{},[15,143782,143602],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143785,41239],{}," once",[165,143788,143789,143790,1888,143792,1892,143794,143796],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143791,224],{},[15,143793,4466],{},[15,143795,632],{}," from both ends",[165,143798,143799],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[165,143801,143802],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143804,182],{},[39,143806,143808],{"className":41,"code":143807,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143809,143810,143823],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143811,143812,143814,143816,143818,143821],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143813,126111],{"class":54},[48,143815,59],{"class":58},[48,143817,63],{"class":62},[48,143819,143820],{"class":66},"txt_report.txt",[48,143822,70],{"class":62},[48,143824,143825,143827,143829,143831,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143826,109],{"class":108},[48,143828,91],{"class":84},[48,143830,126129],{"class":87},[48,143832,32],{"class":84},[48,143834,8344],{"class":87},[48,143836,91],{"class":84},[48,143838,94],{"class":62},[48,143840,126164],{"class":66},[48,143842,94],{"class":62},[48,143844,1034],{"class":84},[20,143846,1037],{},[39,143848,143850],{"className":41,"code":143849,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"_report\n",[15,143851,143852],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143853,143854],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143855,143849],{"class":54},[20,143857,143858,143859,1888,143861,1892,143863,143865],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143860,32],{},[15,143862,436],{},[15,143864,1873],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143867,53352,143868,4489,143871,143873],{},[15,143869,143870],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[565,143872,1055],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143875,143876,143877,143881],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[224,143878,143879],{"href":129600},[15,143880,124204],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[34,143883,4667,143885],{"id":143884},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143886,41363],{},[20,143888,139,143889,143891],{},[15,143890,41363],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143893,36136],{},[162,143895,143896,143900,143902,143905],{},[165,143897,143218,143898,3590],{},[15,143899,2656],{},[165,143901,143223],{},[165,143903,143904],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[165,143906,143907],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143909,182],{},[39,143911,143913],{"className":41,"code":143912,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143914,143915,143929,143933,143946],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143916,143917,143920,143922,143924,143927],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143918,143919],{"class":54},"email ",[48,143921,59],{"class":58},[48,143923,63],{"class":62},[48,143925,143926],{"class":66},"  user@example.com  ",[48,143928,70],{"class":62},[48,143930,143931],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,143932,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,143934,143935,143937,143940,143942,143944],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,143936,6705],{"class":1107},[48,143938,143939],{"class":54}," email",[48,143941,32],{"class":84},[48,143943,8344],{"class":87},[48,143945,21311],{"class":84},[48,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143957,143959],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,143949,1138],{"class":108},[48,143951,91],{"class":84},[48,143953,94],{"class":62},[48,143955,143956],{"class":66},"Email was entered",[48,143958,94],{"class":62},[48,143960,102],{"class":84},[20,143962,1037],{},[39,143964,143966],{"className":41,"code":143965,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Email was entered\n",[15,143967,143968],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,143969,143970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,143971,143965],{"class":54},[20,143973,143974,143975,143977,143978,32],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143976,41363],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[224,143979,143980],{"href":123761},[15,143981,123764],{},[34,143983,1366],{"id":1365},[20,143985,83924],{},[162,143987,143988,143992,143997,144002],{},[165,143989,1379,143990,131237],{},[15,143991,41363],{},[165,143993,1379,143994,143996],{},[15,143995,41363],{}," to remove text from the middle",[165,143998,758,143999,144001],{},[15,144000,143870],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[165,144003,4409,144004,144007],{},[15,144005,144006],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144009,144010],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[39,144012,144014],{"className":41,"code":144013,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144015,144016,144030,144034,144044,144058,144072],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144017,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144019,55],{"class":54},[48,144021,59],{"class":58},[48,144023,63],{"class":62},[48,144025,143766],{"class":66},[48,144027,86837],{"class":34166},[48,144029,70],{"class":62},[48,144031,144032],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144033,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144035,144036,144038,144040,144042],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144037,109],{"class":108},[48,144039,91],{"class":84},[48,144041,213],{"class":87},[48,144043,102],{"class":84},[48,144045,144046,144048,144050,144052,144054,144056],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144047,109],{"class":108},[48,144049,91],{"class":84},[48,144051,1428],{"class":108},[48,144053,91],{"class":84},[48,144055,213],{"class":87},[48,144057,1034],{"class":84},[48,144059,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068,144070],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,144061,109],{"class":108},[48,144063,91],{"class":84},[48,144065,213],{"class":87},[48,144067,32],{"class":84},[48,144069,8344],{"class":87},[48,144071,6902],{"class":84},[48,144073,144074,144076,144078,144080,144082,144084,144086,144088],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,144075,109],{"class":108},[48,144077,91],{"class":84},[48,144079,1428],{"class":108},[48,144081,91],{"class":84},[48,144083,213],{"class":87},[48,144085,32],{"class":84},[48,144087,8344],{"class":87},[48,144089,5998],{"class":84},[20,144091,1037],{},[39,144093,144095],{"className":41,"code":144094,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144096,144097,144102,144106,144116,144120],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144098,144099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144100,144101],{"class":54},"  hello\n",[48,144103,144104],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144105,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144107,144108,144110,144112,144114],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144109,3001],{"class":43035},[48,144111,143766],{"class":43039},[48,144113,86837],{"class":143443},[48,144115,29415],{"class":43035},[48,144117,144118],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144119,138217],{"class":54},[48,144121,144122,144124,144126],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,144123,3001],{"class":43035},[48,144125,1008],{"class":43039},[48,144127,29415],{"class":43035},[20,144129,144130],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[39,144132,144134],{"className":41,"code":144133,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144135,144136,144146,144160,144174,144192],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144137,144138,144140,144142,144144],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144139,109],{"class":108},[48,144141,91],{"class":84},[48,144143,213],{"class":87},[48,144145,102],{"class":84},[48,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144149,109],{"class":108},[48,144151,91],{"class":84},[48,144153,1428],{"class":108},[48,144155,91],{"class":84},[48,144157,213],{"class":87},[48,144159,1034],{"class":84},[48,144161,144162,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144163,109],{"class":108},[48,144165,91],{"class":84},[48,144167,213],{"class":87},[48,144169,32],{"class":84},[48,144171,8344],{"class":87},[48,144173,6902],{"class":84},[48,144175,144176,144178,144180,144182,144184,144186,144188,144190],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144177,109],{"class":108},[48,144179,91],{"class":84},[48,144181,1428],{"class":108},[48,144183,91],{"class":84},[48,144185,213],{"class":87},[48,144187,32],{"class":84},[48,144189,8344],{"class":87},[48,144191,5998],{"class":84},[48,144193,144194,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,144195,31864],{"class":108},[48,144197,91],{"class":84},[48,144199,3144],{"class":1047},[48,144201,32],{"class":84},[48,144203,8344],{"class":24466},[48,144205,102],{"class":84},[20,144207,144208,144210],{},[15,144209,122252],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[34,144212,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,144214,12418,144216,144218],{"id":144215},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144217,41363],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144220,46071,144221,144223],{},[15,144222,41363],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1200,144225,12418,144227,124360],{"id":144226},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144228,41363],{},[20,144230,144231],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1200,144233,4849,144235,144237],{"id":144234},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144236,41363],{}," remove by default?",[20,144239,144240],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1200,144242,33918,144244,33921,144246,1564],{"id":144243},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144245,41363],{},[15,144247,124204],{},[20,144249,144250,144252,144253,144255],{},[15,144251,41363],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144254,124204],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1200,144257,144259],{"id":144258},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144261,127900,144262,144264,144265,144267],{},[15,144263,143633],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144266,143636],{}," for the right side.",[34,144269,1599],{"id":1598},[162,144271,144272,144278,144284,144289,144294],{},[165,144273,144274],{},[224,144275,126028,144276,754],{"href":123761},[15,144277,123764],{},[165,144279,144280],{},[224,144281,126028,144282,754],{"href":129600},[15,144283,124204],{},[165,144285,144286],{},[224,144287,144288],{"href":143370},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[165,144290,144291],{},[224,144292,144293],{"href":87490},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[165,144295,144296],{},[224,144297,124785],{"href":50680},[1633,144299,144300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":144302},[144303,144304,144306,144310,144312,144313,144315,144316,144318,144319,144330],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":142955,"depth":73,"text":144305},"What strip() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":144307},[144308,144309],{"id":143078,"depth":105,"text":143070},{"id":143129,"depth":105,"text":143075},{"id":143203,"depth":73,"text":144311},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143469,"depth":73,"text":143470},{"id":143628,"depth":73,"text":144314},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108045,"depth":73,"text":108046},{"id":143884,"depth":73,"text":144317},"When to use strip()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":144320},[144321,144323,144325,144327,144329],{"id":144215,"depth":105,"text":144322},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144226,"depth":105,"text":144324},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144234,"depth":105,"text":144326},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144243,"depth":105,"text":144328},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144258,"depth":105,"text":144259},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142876,"description":144331},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144338,"title":144339,"body":144340,"description":145520,"extension":1666,"meta":145521,"navigation":122,"path":145522,"seo":145523,"stem":145524,"__hash__":145525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144341,"toc":145490},[144342,144347,144352,144357,144359,144405,144413,144418,144432,144438,144440,144442,144457,144459,144469,144472,144503,144506,144529,144531,144534,144591,144593,144607,144609,144623,144629,144634,144637,144678,144680,144689,144697,144700,144745,144747,144756,144759,144763,144768,144782,144784,144816,144818,144838,144841,144846,144851,144853,144864,144867,144924,144926,144934,144943,144945,144947,144953,144955,144992,144994,145002,145004,145045,145047,145056,145061,145066,145068,145095,145102,145105,145136,145138,145147,145153,145162,145193,145195,145207,145220,145224,145229,145259,145261,145328,145330,145340,145342,145347,145350,145355,145360,145364,145370,145376,145379,145381,145439,145441,145449,145451,145487],[10,144343,13,144345,18],{"id":144344},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144346,127905],{},[20,144348,22,144349,144351],{},[15,144350,127905],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144353,84301,144354,144356],{},[15,144355,127905],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[34,144358,37],{"id":36},[39,144360,144362],{"className":41,"code":144361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144363,144364,144376,144390,144400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144365,144366,144368,144370,144372,144374],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144367,55],{"class":54},[48,144369,59],{"class":58},[48,144371,63],{"class":62},[48,144373,128741],{"class":66},[48,144375,70],{"class":62},[48,144377,144378,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144379,1929],{"class":54},[48,144381,59],{"class":58},[48,144383,81],{"class":54},[48,144385,32],{"class":84},[48,144387,34191],{"class":87},[48,144389,8353],{"class":84},[48,144391,144392,144394,144396,144398],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144393,109],{"class":108},[48,144395,91],{"class":84},[48,144397,1964],{"class":87},[48,144399,102],{"class":84},[48,144401,144402],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144403,144404],{"class":129},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144406,144407,144409,144410,144412],{},[15,144408,127905],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[565,144411,1055],{}," change the original string in place.",[34,144414,148,144416,152],{"id":144415},"what-upper-does",[15,144417,127905],{},[162,144419,144420,144425,144428,144430],{},[165,144421,144422,144424],{},[15,144423,127905],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[165,144426,144427],{},"It works on string values only",[165,144429,133150],{},[165,144431,135868],{},[20,144433,124782,144434,1358,144436,32],{},[224,144435,135874],{"href":135873},[224,144437,124785],{"href":50680},[34,144439,340],{"id":339},[20,144441,343],{},[39,144443,144445],{"className":41,"code":144444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"string.upper()\n",[15,144446,144447],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144448,144449,144451,144453,144455],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144450,353],{"class":54},[48,144452,32],{"class":84},[48,144454,34191],{"class":87},[48,144456,8353],{"class":84},[20,144458,11170],{},[162,144460,144461,144463,144466],{},[165,144462,97211],{},[165,144464,144465],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[165,144467,144468],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144470,144471],{},"Example with a variable:",[39,144473,144475],{"className":41,"code":144474,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144476,144477,144489],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144478,144479,144481,144483,144485,144487],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144480,7587],{"class":54},[48,144482,59],{"class":58},[48,144484,63],{"class":62},[48,144486,43],{"class":66},[48,144488,70],{"class":62},[48,144490,144491,144493,144495,144497,144499,144501],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144492,109],{"class":108},[48,144494,91],{"class":84},[48,144496,7377],{"class":87},[48,144498,32],{"class":84},[48,144500,34191],{"class":87},[48,144502,6902],{"class":84},[20,144504,144505],{},"Example with a string literal:",[39,144507,144509],{"className":41,"code":144508,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144510,144511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144512,144513,144515,144517,144519,144521,144523,144525,144527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144514,109],{"class":108},[48,144516,91],{"class":84},[48,144518,94],{"class":62},[48,144520,1008],{"class":66},[48,144522,94],{"class":62},[48,144524,32],{"class":84},[48,144526,34191],{"class":87},[48,144528,6902],{"class":84},[34,144530,11187],{"id":11186},[20,144532,144533],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[39,144535,144537],{"className":41,"code":144536,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144538,144539,144551,144566,144570,144580],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144540,144541,144543,144545,144547,144549],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144542,5862],{"class":54},[48,144544,59],{"class":58},[48,144546,63],{"class":62},[48,144548,198],{"class":66},[48,144550,70],{"class":62},[48,144552,144553,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144554,144555],{"class":54},"uppercase_word ",[48,144557,59],{"class":58},[48,144559,38090],{"class":54},[48,144561,32],{"class":84},[48,144563,34191],{"class":87},[48,144565,8353],{"class":84},[48,144567,144568],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144569,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144573,109],{"class":108},[48,144575,91],{"class":84},[48,144577,38100],{"class":87},[48,144579,102],{"class":84},[48,144581,144582,144584,144586,144589],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,144583,109],{"class":108},[48,144585,91],{"class":84},[48,144587,144588],{"class":87},"uppercase_word",[48,144590,102],{"class":84},[20,144592,1037],{},[39,144594,144596],{"className":41,"code":144595,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144597,144598,144602],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144599,144600],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144601,70092],{"class":54},[48,144603,144604],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144605,144606],{"class":34166},"BANANA\n",[20,144608,112152],{},[162,144610,144611,144616],{},[165,144612,144613,144615],{},[15,144614,38100],{}," keeps its original value",[165,144617,144618,144620,144621],{},[15,144619,144588],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144622,127905],{},[34,144624,144626,144628],{"id":144625},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144627,127905],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144630,136534,144631,144633],{},[565,144632,136537],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144635,144636],{},"So this method:",[39,144638,144640],{"className":41,"code":144639,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144641,144642,144654,144664,144668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144643,144644,144646,144648,144650,144652],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144645,7587],{"class":54},[48,144647,59],{"class":58},[48,144649,63],{"class":62},[48,144651,17521],{"class":66},[48,144653,70],{"class":62},[48,144655,144656,144658,144660,144662],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144657,7377],{"class":54},[48,144659,32],{"class":84},[48,144661,34191],{"class":87},[48,144663,8353],{"class":84},[48,144665,144666],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144667,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144669,144670,144672,144674,144676],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144671,109],{"class":108},[48,144673,91],{"class":84},[48,144675,7377],{"class":87},[48,144677,102],{"class":84},[20,144679,1037],{},[39,144681,144683],{"className":41,"code":144682,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"alice\n",[15,144684,144685],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144686,144687],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144688,144682],{"class":54},[20,144690,741,144691,144693,144694,144696],{},[15,144692,127905],{}," was called, ",[15,144695,7377],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144698,144699],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[39,144701,144703],{"className":41,"code":144702,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144704,144705,144717,144731,144735],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144706,144707,144709,144711,144713,144715],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144708,7587],{"class":54},[48,144710,59],{"class":58},[48,144712,63],{"class":62},[48,144714,17521],{"class":66},[48,144716,70],{"class":62},[48,144718,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727,144729],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144720,7587],{"class":54},[48,144722,59],{"class":58},[48,144724,35703],{"class":54},[48,144726,32],{"class":84},[48,144728,34191],{"class":87},[48,144730,8353],{"class":84},[48,144732,144733],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144734,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144736,144737,144739,144741,144743],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144738,109],{"class":108},[48,144740,91],{"class":84},[48,144742,7377],{"class":87},[48,144744,102],{"class":84},[20,144746,1037],{},[39,144748,144750],{"className":41,"code":144749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ALICE\n",[15,144751,144752],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144753,144754],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144755,144749],{"class":34166},[20,144757,144758],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[34,144760,144762],{"id":144761},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144764,144765,144767],{},[15,144766,127905],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[162,144769,144770,144773,144776,144779],{},[165,144771,144772],{},"Numbers stay the same",[165,144774,144775],{},"Spaces stay the same",[165,144777,144778],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[165,144780,144781],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144783,182],{},[39,144785,144787],{"className":41,"code":144786,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144788,144789,144802],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144790,144791,144793,144795,144797,144800],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144792,55],{"class":54},[48,144794,59],{"class":58},[48,144796,63],{"class":62},[48,144798,144799],{"class":66},"Room 7, table #3!",[48,144801,70],{"class":62},[48,144803,144804,144806,144808,144810,144812,144814],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144805,109],{"class":108},[48,144807,91],{"class":84},[48,144809,213],{"class":87},[48,144811,32],{"class":84},[48,144813,34191],{"class":87},[48,144815,6902],{"class":84},[20,144817,1037],{},[39,144819,144821],{"className":41,"code":144820,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144822,144823],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144824,144825,144828,144830,144832,144835],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144826,144827],{"class":34166},"ROOM",[48,144829,5701],{"class":488},[48,144831,365],{"class":84},[48,144833,144834],{"class":34166}," TABLE",[48,144836,144837],{"class":129}," #3!\n",[20,144839,144840],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[34,144842,4667,144844],{"id":144843},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144845,127905],{},[20,144847,144848,144850],{},[15,144849,127905],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144852,48046],{},[162,144854,144855,144858,144861],{},[165,144856,144857],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[165,144859,144860],{},"Format labels or headings",[165,144862,144863],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144865,144866],{},"Example: simple comparison",[39,144868,144870],{"className":41,"code":144869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144871,144872,144884,144888,144910],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144873,144874,144876,144878,144880,144882],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144875,136145],{"class":54},[48,144877,59],{"class":58},[48,144879,63],{"class":62},[48,144881,8368],{"class":66},[48,144883,70],{"class":62},[48,144885,144886],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144887,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,144889,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898,144900,144902,144904,144906,144908],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144891,6705],{"class":1107},[48,144893,136165],{"class":54},[48,144895,32],{"class":84},[48,144897,34191],{"class":87},[48,144899,7074],{"class":84},[48,144901,6116],{"class":58},[48,144903,63],{"class":62},[48,144905,136152],{"class":66},[48,144907,94],{"class":62},[48,144909,1110],{"class":84},[48,144911,144912,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,144913,1138],{"class":108},[48,144915,91],{"class":84},[48,144917,94],{"class":62},[48,144919,143349],{"class":66},[48,144921,94],{"class":62},[48,144923,102],{"class":84},[20,144925,1037],{},[39,144927,144928],{"className":41,"code":143358,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,144929,144930],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144931,144932],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144933,143358],{"class":54},[20,144935,144936,144937,1888,144939,1892,144941,32],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144938,8368],{},[15,144940,136938],{},[15,144942,136152],{},[34,144944,1366],{"id":1365},[1200,144946,95572],{"id":95571},[20,144948,7827,144949,144952],{},[15,144950,144951],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144954,16360],{},[39,144956,144958],{"className":41,"code":144957,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144959,144960,144972,144982],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144961,144962,144964,144966,144968,144970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,144963,55],{"class":54},[48,144965,59],{"class":58},[48,144967,63],{"class":62},[48,144969,1008],{"class":66},[48,144971,70],{"class":62},[48,144973,144974,144976,144978,144980],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,144975,213],{"class":54},[48,144977,32],{"class":84},[48,144979,34191],{"class":87},[48,144981,8353],{"class":84},[48,144983,144984,144986,144988,144990],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,144985,109],{"class":108},[48,144987,91],{"class":84},[48,144989,213],{"class":87},[48,144991,102],{"class":84},[20,144993,1037],{},[39,144995,144996],{"className":41,"code":138217,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,144997,144998],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,144999,145000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145001,138217],{"class":54},[20,145003,16372],{},[39,145005,145007],{"className":41,"code":145006,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145008,145009,145021,145035],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145010,145011,145013,145015,145017,145019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145012,55],{"class":54},[48,145014,59],{"class":58},[48,145016,63],{"class":62},[48,145018,1008],{"class":66},[48,145020,70],{"class":62},[48,145022,145023,145025,145027,145029,145031,145033],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145024,55],{"class":54},[48,145026,59],{"class":58},[48,145028,81],{"class":54},[48,145030,32],{"class":84},[48,145032,34191],{"class":87},[48,145034,8353],{"class":84},[48,145036,145037,145039,145041,145043],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145038,109],{"class":108},[48,145040,91],{"class":84},[48,145042,213],{"class":87},[48,145044,102],{"class":84},[20,145046,1037],{},[39,145048,145050],{"className":41,"code":145049,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HELLO\n",[15,145051,145052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145053,145054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145055,145049],{"class":34166},[1200,145057,18625,145059,136824],{"id":145058},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145060,127905],{},[20,145062,145063,145065],{},[15,145064,127905],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145067,182],{},[39,145069,145071],{"className":41,"code":145070,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145072,145073,145081],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145074,145075,145077,145079],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145076,1916],{"class":54},[48,145078,59],{"class":58},[48,145080,124712],{"class":488},[48,145082,145083,145085,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145084,109],{"class":108},[48,145086,91],{"class":84},[48,145088,1939],{"class":87},[48,145090,32],{"class":84},[48,145092,34191],{"class":87},[48,145094,6902],{"class":84},[20,145096,39363,145097,145099,145100,33313],{},[15,145098,1887],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145101,127905],{},[20,145103,145104],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[39,145106,145108],{"className":41,"code":145107,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145109,145110,145118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145111,145112,145114,145116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145113,1916],{"class":54},[48,145115,59],{"class":58},[48,145117,124712],{"class":488},[48,145119,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130,145132,145134],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145121,109],{"class":108},[48,145123,91],{"class":84},[48,145125,3144],{"class":1047},[48,145127,91],{"class":84},[48,145129,1939],{"class":87},[48,145131,8341],{"class":84},[48,145133,34191],{"class":87},[48,145135,6902],{"class":84},[20,145137,1037],{},[39,145139,145141],{"className":41,"code":145140,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"123\n",[15,145142,145143],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145144,145145],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145146,145140],{"class":488},[1200,145148,36914,145150,145152],{"id":145149},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145151,127905],{}," with title case",[20,145154,145155,145157,145158,145161],{},[15,145156,127905],{}," makes ",[565,145159,145160],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[39,145163,145165],{"className":41,"code":145164,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145166,145167,145179],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145168,145169,145171,145173,145175,145177],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145170,55],{"class":54},[48,145172,59],{"class":58},[48,145174,63],{"class":62},[48,145176,67],{"class":66},[48,145178,70],{"class":62},[48,145180,145181,145183,145185,145187,145189,145191],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145182,109],{"class":108},[48,145184,91],{"class":84},[48,145186,213],{"class":87},[48,145188,32],{"class":84},[48,145190,34191],{"class":87},[48,145192,6902],{"class":84},[20,145194,1037],{},[39,145196,145198],{"className":41,"code":145197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145199,145200],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145201,145202,145204],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145203,135926],{"class":34166},[48,145205,145206],{"class":34166}," WORLD\n",[20,145208,145209,145210,145214,145215,145219],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[224,145211,145212],{"href":123761},[15,145213,123764],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[224,145216,145217],{"href":129600},[15,145218,124204],{}," changes parts of a string.",[34,145221,145223],{"id":145222},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145225,145226,145227,503],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145228,127905],{},[162,145230,145231,145238,145245,145252],{},[165,145232,145233,145237],{},[224,145234,145235],{"href":123761},[15,145236,123764],{}," for lowercase text",[165,145239,145240,145244],{},[224,145241,145242],{"href":136472},[15,145243,41363],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[165,145246,145247,145251],{},[224,145248,145249],{"href":129600},[15,145250,124204],{}," for changing parts of a string",[165,145253,145254,500,145256,145258],{},[15,145255,127395],{},[15,145257,126086],{}," for checks",[20,145260,182],{},[39,145262,145264],{"className":41,"code":145263,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145265,145266,145278,145282,145297,145313,145317],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145267,145268,145270,145272,145274,145276],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145269,55],{"class":54},[48,145271,59],{"class":58},[48,145273,63],{"class":62},[48,145275,143000],{"class":66},[48,145277,70],{"class":62},[48,145279,145280],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145281,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,145283,145284,145287,145289,145291,145293,145295],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145285,145286],{"class":54},"cleaned ",[48,145288,59],{"class":58},[48,145290,81],{"class":54},[48,145292,32],{"class":84},[48,145294,8344],{"class":87},[48,145296,8353],{"class":84},[48,145298,145299,145302,145304,145307,145309,145311],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,145300,145301],{"class":54},"loud ",[48,145303,59],{"class":58},[48,145305,145306],{"class":54}," cleaned",[48,145308,32],{"class":84},[48,145310,34191],{"class":87},[48,145312,8353],{"class":84},[48,145314,145315],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,145316,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,145318,145319,145321,145323,145326],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,145320,109],{"class":108},[48,145322,91],{"class":84},[48,145324,145325],{"class":87},"loud",[48,145327,102],{"class":84},[20,145329,1037],{},[39,145331,145332],{"className":41,"code":145197,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,145333,145334],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145335,145336,145338],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145337,135926],{"class":34166},[48,145339,145206],{"class":34166},[34,145341,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,145343,12418,145345,124360],{"id":145344},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145346,127905],{},[20,145348,145349],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1200,145351,12418,145353,137206],{"id":145352},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145354,127905],{},[20,145356,145357,145358,32],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145359,144951],{},[1200,145361,145363],{"id":145362},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145365,145366,145367,145369],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145368,127905],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1200,145371,28044,145373,145375],{"id":145372},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145374,127905],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145377,145378],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145380,182],{},[39,145382,145384],{"className":41,"code":145383,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145385,145386,145398,145411,145415],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145387,145388,145390,145392,145394,145396],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145389,2253],{"class":54},[48,145391,59],{"class":58},[48,145393,63],{"class":62},[48,145395,43],{"class":66},[48,145397,70],{"class":62},[48,145399,145400,145402,145404,145406,145409],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145401,2281],{"class":54},[48,145403,59],{"class":58},[48,145405,63],{"class":62},[48,145407,145408],{"class":66},"PYTHON",[48,145410,70],{"class":62},[48,145412,145413],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145414,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433,145435,145437],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,145418,109],{"class":108},[48,145420,91],{"class":84},[48,145422,224],{"class":87},[48,145424,32],{"class":84},[48,145426,34191],{"class":87},[48,145428,7074],{"class":84},[48,145430,6116],{"class":58},[48,145432,2258],{"class":87},[48,145434,32],{"class":84},[48,145436,34191],{"class":87},[48,145438,6902],{"class":84},[20,145440,1037],{},[39,145442,145443],{"className":41,"code":3685,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,145444,145445],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145446,145447],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145448,3685],{"class":3556},[34,145450,1599],{"id":1598},[162,145452,145453,145457,145463,145469,145475,145479,145483],{},[165,145454,145455],{},[224,145456,124785],{"href":50680},[165,145458,145459],{},[224,145460,126028,145461,754],{"href":123761},[15,145462,123764],{},[165,145464,145465],{},[224,145466,126028,145467,754],{"href":136472},[15,145468,41363],{},[165,145470,145471],{},[224,145472,126028,145473,754],{"href":129600},[15,145474,124204],{},[165,145476,145477],{},[224,145478,90367],{"href":89376},[165,145480,145481],{},[224,145482,1612],{"href":123289},[165,145484,145485],{},[224,145486,137292],{"href":135873},[1633,145488,145489],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":145491},[145492,145493,145495,145496,145497,145499,145500,145502,145509,145510,145519],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":144415,"depth":73,"text":145494},"What upper() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":144625,"depth":73,"text":145498},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144761,"depth":73,"text":144762},{"id":144843,"depth":73,"text":145501},"When to use upper()",{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":145503},[145504,145505,145507],{"id":95571,"depth":105,"text":95572},{"id":145058,"depth":105,"text":145506},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145149,"depth":105,"text":145508},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145222,"depth":73,"text":145223},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":145511},[145512,145514,145516,145517],{"id":145344,"depth":105,"text":145513},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145352,"depth":105,"text":145515},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145362,"depth":105,"text":145363},{"id":145372,"depth":105,"text":145518},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144339,"description":145520},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145527,"title":145528,"body":145529,"description":147406,"extension":1666,"meta":147407,"navigation":122,"path":147408,"seo":147409,"stem":147410,"__hash__":147411},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145530,"toc":147356},[145531,145537,145544,145550,145552,145608,145613,145618,145623,145626,145645,145648,145650,145674,145692,145703,145705,145708,145761,145763,145771,145773,145791,145796,145799,145856,145858,145867,145870,145890,145893,145899,145904,145906,145949,145951,145959,145962,146003,146005,146014,146020,146026,146053,146055,146063,146068,146072,146084,146127,146129,146137,146142,146148,146153,146157,146159,146202,146205,146252,146254,146263,146270,146274,146277,146323,146328,146332,146334,146377,146380,146388,146390,146395,146397,146399,146418,146421,146433,146435,146454,146456,146464,146468,146470,146521,146524,146599,146601,146609,146612,146616,146618,146665,146668,146739,146741,146749,146755,146757,146832,146836,146915,146917,146925,146931,146937,146942,146947,146996,147000,147071,147074,147079,147090,147093,147104,147114,147116,147121,147146,147151,147232,147234,147259,147261,147266,147269,147275,147284,147290,147293,147299,147305,147312,147315,147317,147353],[10,145532,3277,145534,3281],{"id":145533},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145535,145536],{},"sum()",[20,145538,8834,145539,145541,145542,24480],{},[15,145540,145536],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145543,59697],{},[20,145545,145546,145547,145549],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145548,390],{}," value and a few important limits.",[34,145551,37],{"id":36},[39,145553,145555],{"className":41,"code":145554,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145556,145557,145581,145596],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145558,145559,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577,145579],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145560,3321],{"class":54},[48,145562,59],{"class":58},[48,145564,3326],{"class":84},[48,145566,272],{"class":488},[48,145568,365],{"class":84},[48,145570,489],{"class":488},[48,145572,365],{"class":84},[48,145574,2152],{"class":488},[48,145576,365],{"class":84},[48,145578,878],{"class":488},[48,145580,3339],{"class":84},[48,145582,145583,145585,145587,145590,145592,145594],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145584,40892],{"class":54},[48,145586,59],{"class":58},[48,145588,145589],{"class":108}," sum",[48,145591,91],{"class":84},[48,145593,3353],{"class":87},[48,145595,102],{"class":84},[48,145597,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145599,109],{"class":108},[48,145601,91],{"class":84},[48,145603,40921],{"class":87},[48,145605,3366],{"class":84},[48,145607,26511],{"class":129},[20,145609,139,145610,145612],{},[15,145611,145536],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[34,145614,148,145616,152],{"id":145615},"what-sum-does",[15,145617,145536],{},[20,145619,145620,145622],{},[15,145621,145536],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145624,145625],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[162,145627,145628,145631,145634,145639],{},[165,145629,145630],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[165,145632,145633],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[165,145635,145636,145637],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145638,35908],{},[165,145640,145641,145642,145644],{},"Counting ",[15,145643,3306],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145646,145647],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[34,145649,340],{"id":339},[39,145651,145653],{"className":41,"code":145652,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145654,145655],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145656,145657,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670,145672],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145658,145659],{"class":108},"sum",[48,145661,91],{"class":84},[48,145663,3425],{"class":87},[48,145665,365],{"class":84},[48,145667,368],{"class":8887},[48,145669,59],{"class":58},[48,145671,578],{"class":488},[48,145673,102],{"class":84},[162,145675,145676,145681,145686],{},[165,145677,145678,145680],{},[15,145679,3425],{}," is the group of values to add",[165,145682,145683,145685],{},[15,145684,390],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[165,145687,145688,145689],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145690,145691],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145693,145694,145695,145698,145699,32],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145696,145697,3425],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[224,145700,145701,24333],{"href":35905},[15,145702,35908],{},[34,145704,11187],{"id":11186},[20,145706,145707],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[39,145709,145711],{"className":41,"code":145710,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145712,145713,145733,145747,145751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145714,145715,145717,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145716,3321],{"class":54},[48,145718,59],{"class":58},[48,145720,3326],{"class":84},[48,145722,1837],{"class":488},[48,145724,365],{"class":84},[48,145726,5712],{"class":488},[48,145728,365],{"class":84},[48,145730,37647],{"class":488},[48,145732,3339],{"class":84},[48,145734,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743,145745],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145736,40892],{"class":54},[48,145738,59],{"class":58},[48,145740,145589],{"class":108},[48,145742,91],{"class":84},[48,145744,3353],{"class":87},[48,145746,102],{"class":84},[48,145748,145749],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145750,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,145752,145753,145755,145757,145759],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,145754,109],{"class":108},[48,145756,91],{"class":84},[48,145758,40921],{"class":87},[48,145760,102],{"class":84},[20,145762,1037],{},[39,145764,145765],{"className":41,"code":69526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,145766,145767],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145768,145769],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145770,69526],{"class":488},[20,145772,11396],{},[162,145774,145775,145780,145786],{},[165,145776,145777,145779],{},[15,145778,3353],{}," contains three integers",[165,145781,145782,145785],{},[15,145783,145784],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[165,145787,145788,145789],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145790,40921],{},[34,145792,36323,145794,8144],{"id":145793},"using-the-start-value",[15,145795,390],{},[20,145797,145798],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[39,145800,145802],{"className":41,"code":145801,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145803,145804,145824,145842,145846],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145805,145806,145808,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145807,3321],{"class":54},[48,145809,59],{"class":58},[48,145811,3326],{"class":84},[48,145813,272],{"class":488},[48,145815,365],{"class":84},[48,145817,489],{"class":488},[48,145819,365],{"class":84},[48,145821,2152],{"class":488},[48,145823,3339],{"class":84},[48,145825,145826,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145827,40892],{"class":54},[48,145829,59],{"class":58},[48,145831,145589],{"class":108},[48,145833,91],{"class":84},[48,145835,3353],{"class":87},[48,145837,365],{"class":84},[48,145839,5712],{"class":488},[48,145841,102],{"class":84},[48,145843,145844],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,145845,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,145847,145848,145850,145852,145854],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,145849,109],{"class":108},[48,145851,91],{"class":84},[48,145853,40921],{"class":87},[48,145855,102],{"class":84},[20,145857,1037],{},[39,145859,145861],{"className":41,"code":145860,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"16\n",[15,145862,145863],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145864,145865],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145866,145860],{"class":488},[20,145868,145869],{},"This works like:",[162,145871,145872,145877,145882,145886],{},[165,145873,145874,145875],{},"Start at ",[15,145876,2031],{},[165,145878,145879,145880],{},"Add ",[15,145881,272],{},[165,145883,145879,145884],{},[15,145885,280],{},[165,145887,145879,145888],{},[15,145889,1764],{},[20,145891,145892],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[34,145894,148,145896,145898],{"id":145895},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145897,145536],{}," can work with",[20,145900,145901,145903],{},[15,145902,145536],{}," works with numeric values.",[1200,145905,40135],{"id":40134},[39,145907,145909],{"className":41,"code":145908,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145910,145911,145935],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145912,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929,145931,145933],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145914,3528],{"class":54},[48,145916,59],{"class":58},[48,145918,3326],{"class":84},[48,145920,272],{"class":488},[48,145922,365],{"class":84},[48,145924,489],{"class":488},[48,145926,365],{"class":84},[48,145928,2152],{"class":488},[48,145930,365],{"class":84},[48,145932,878],{"class":488},[48,145934,3339],{"class":84},[48,145936,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145938,109],{"class":108},[48,145940,91],{"class":84},[48,145942,145659],{"class":108},[48,145944,91],{"class":84},[48,145946,5065],{"class":87},[48,145948,1034],{"class":84},[20,145950,1037],{},[39,145952,145953],{"className":41,"code":2077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,145954,145955],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145956,145957],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145958,2077],{"class":488},[1200,145960,145961],{"id":51747},"Floats",[39,145963,145965],{"className":41,"code":145964,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145966,145967,145989],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,145968,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145982,145984,145987],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,145970,82732],{"class":54},[48,145972,59],{"class":58},[48,145974,3326],{"class":84},[48,145976,40868],{"class":488},[48,145978,365],{"class":84},[48,145980,145981],{"class":488}," 3.75",[48,145983,365],{"class":84},[48,145985,145986],{"class":488}," 1.25",[48,145988,3339],{"class":84},[48,145990,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,145992,109],{"class":108},[48,145994,91],{"class":84},[48,145996,145659],{"class":108},[48,145998,91],{"class":84},[48,146000,82768],{"class":87},[48,146002,1034],{"class":84},[20,146004,1037],{},[39,146006,146008],{"className":41,"code":146007,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"7.5\n",[15,146009,146010],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146011,146012],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146013,146007],{"class":488},[20,146015,146016,146017,32],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[224,146018,146019],{"href":2119},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1200,146021,146023,146024],{"id":146022},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146025,35908],{},[39,146027,146029],{"className":41,"code":146028,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146030,146031],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146032,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146034,109],{"class":108},[48,146036,91],{"class":84},[48,146038,145659],{"class":108},[48,146040,91],{"class":84},[48,146042,59697],{"class":108},[48,146044,91],{"class":84},[48,146046,272],{"class":488},[48,146048,365],{"class":84},[48,146050,37354],{"class":488},[48,146052,2610],{"class":84},[20,146054,1037],{},[39,146056,146057],{"className":41,"code":46747,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146058,146059],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146060,146061],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146062,46747],{"class":488},[20,146064,113242,146065,32],{},[15,146066,146067],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1200,146069,146071],{"id":146070},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146073,146074,146075,146077,146078,500,146080,146077,146082,32],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146076,3306],{}," acts like ",[15,146079,272],{},[15,146081,3379],{},[15,146083,578],{},[39,146085,146087],{"className":41,"code":146086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146088,146089,146113],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146090,146091,146093,146095,146097,146099,146101,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146092,51667],{"class":54},[48,146094,59],{"class":58},[48,146096,3326],{"class":84},[48,146098,3306],{"class":3556},[48,146100,365],{"class":84},[48,146102,3612],{"class":3556},[48,146104,365],{"class":84},[48,146106,3621],{"class":3556},[48,146108,365],{"class":84},[48,146110,3621],{"class":3556},[48,146112,3339],{"class":84},[48,146114,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146116,109],{"class":108},[48,146118,91],{"class":84},[48,146120,145659],{"class":108},[48,146122,91],{"class":84},[48,146124,51720],{"class":87},[48,146126,1034],{"class":84},[20,146128,1037],{},[39,146130,146131],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146132,146133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146134,146135],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146136,46323],{"class":488},[20,146138,146139,146140,32],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146141,3306],{},[34,146143,148,146145,146147],{"id":146144},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146146,145536],{}," does not work with",[20,146149,146150,146152],{},[15,146151,145536],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1200,146154,146156],{"id":146155},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146158,2535],{},[39,146160,146162],{"className":41,"code":146161,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146163,146164,146188],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146165,146166,146168,146170,146172,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146167,3776],{"class":54},[48,146169,59],{"class":58},[48,146171,3326],{"class":84},[48,146173,94],{"class":62},[48,146175,1008],{"class":66},[48,146177,94],{"class":62},[48,146179,365],{"class":84},[48,146181,63],{"class":62},[48,146183,97],{"class":66},[48,146185,94],{"class":62},[48,146187,3339],{"class":84},[48,146189,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146191,109],{"class":108},[48,146193,91],{"class":84},[48,146195,145659],{"class":108},[48,146197,91],{"class":84},[48,146199,3819],{"class":87},[48,146201,1034],{"class":84},[20,146203,146204],{},"Use string joining instead:",[39,146206,146208],{"className":41,"code":146207,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146209,146210,146234],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146211,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146213,3776],{"class":54},[48,146215,59],{"class":58},[48,146217,3326],{"class":84},[48,146219,94],{"class":62},[48,146221,1008],{"class":66},[48,146223,94],{"class":62},[48,146225,365],{"class":84},[48,146227,63],{"class":62},[48,146229,97],{"class":66},[48,146231,94],{"class":62},[48,146233,3339],{"class":84},[48,146235,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146237,109],{"class":108},[48,146239,91],{"class":84},[48,146241,5980],{"class":62},[48,146243,32],{"class":84},[48,146245,133061],{"class":87},[48,146247,91],{"class":84},[48,146249,3819],{"class":87},[48,146251,1034],{"class":84},[20,146253,1037],{},[39,146255,146257],{"className":41,"code":146256,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"helloworld\n",[15,146258,146259],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146260,146261],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146262,146256],{"class":54},[20,146264,146265,146266,32],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[224,146267,146268,5490],{"href":41882},[15,146269,47390],{},[1200,146271,146273],{"id":146272},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146275,146276],{},"This also causes an error:",[39,146278,146280],{"className":41,"code":146279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146281,146282,146309],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146283,146284,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146285,146286],{"class":54},"lists ",[48,146288,59],{"class":58},[48,146290,55993],{"class":84},[48,146292,272],{"class":488},[48,146294,365],{"class":84},[48,146296,489],{"class":488},[48,146298,17780],{"class":84},[48,146300,3326],{"class":84},[48,146302,1764],{"class":488},[48,146304,365],{"class":84},[48,146306,878],{"class":488},[48,146308,52942],{"class":84},[48,146310,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146312,109],{"class":108},[48,146314,91],{"class":84},[48,146316,145659],{"class":108},[48,146318,91],{"class":84},[48,146320,5006],{"class":87},[48,146322,1034],{"class":84},[20,146324,146325,146327],{},[15,146326,145536],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1200,146329,146331],{"id":146330},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146333,5178],{},[39,146335,146337],{"className":41,"code":146336,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146338,146339,146363],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146340,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146342,3528],{"class":54},[48,146344,59],{"class":58},[48,146346,3326],{"class":84},[48,146348,272],{"class":488},[48,146350,365],{"class":84},[48,146352,489],{"class":488},[48,146354,365],{"class":84},[48,146356,63],{"class":62},[48,146358,1764],{"class":66},[48,146360,94],{"class":62},[48,146362,3339],{"class":84},[48,146364,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146366,109],{"class":108},[48,146368,91],{"class":84},[48,146370,145659],{"class":108},[48,146372,91],{"class":84},[48,146374,5065],{"class":87},[48,146376,1034],{"class":84},[20,146378,146379],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146381,146382,146383,146385,146386,32],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146384,65632],{},", convert them first. See ",[224,146387,2661],{"href":2660},[34,146389,41214],{"id":41213},[20,146391,146392,146393,32],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146394,145536],{},[1200,146396,6232],{"id":6231},[20,146398,4232],{},[39,146400,146402],{"className":41,"code":146401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146403,146404],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146405,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146407,109],{"class":108},[48,146409,91],{"class":84},[48,146411,145659],{"class":108},[48,146413,91],{"class":84},[48,146415,1837],{"class":488},[48,146417,1034],{"class":84},[20,146419,146420],{},"Why it fails:",[162,146422,146423,146428],{},[165,146424,146425,146427],{},[15,146426,1837],{}," is a single integer",[165,146429,146430,146432],{},[15,146431,145536],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146434,6262],{},[39,146436,146438],{"className":41,"code":146437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146439,146440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146441,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146443,109],{"class":108},[48,146445,91],{"class":84},[48,146447,145659],{"class":108},[48,146449,2684],{"class":84},[48,146451,1837],{"class":488},[48,146453,2697],{"class":84},[20,146455,1037],{},[39,146457,146458],{"className":41,"code":2645,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146459,146460],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146461,146462],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146463,2645],{"class":488},[1200,146465,146467],{"id":146466},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146469,4232],{},[39,146471,146473],{"className":41,"code":146472,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146474,146475,146507],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146476,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146478,3528],{"class":54},[48,146480,59],{"class":58},[48,146482,3326],{"class":84},[48,146484,94],{"class":62},[48,146486,272],{"class":66},[48,146488,94],{"class":62},[48,146490,365],{"class":84},[48,146492,63],{"class":62},[48,146494,280],{"class":66},[48,146496,94],{"class":62},[48,146498,365],{"class":84},[48,146500,63],{"class":62},[48,146502,1764],{"class":66},[48,146504,94],{"class":62},[48,146506,3339],{"class":84},[48,146508,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146510,109],{"class":108},[48,146512,91],{"class":84},[48,146514,145659],{"class":108},[48,146516,91],{"class":84},[48,146518,5065],{"class":87},[48,146520,1034],{"class":84},[20,146522,146523],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[39,146525,146527],{"className":41,"code":146526,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146528,146529,146561,146589],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146530,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146532,3528],{"class":54},[48,146534,59],{"class":58},[48,146536,3326],{"class":84},[48,146538,94],{"class":62},[48,146540,272],{"class":66},[48,146542,94],{"class":62},[48,146544,365],{"class":84},[48,146546,63],{"class":62},[48,146548,280],{"class":66},[48,146550,94],{"class":62},[48,146552,365],{"class":84},[48,146554,63],{"class":62},[48,146556,1764],{"class":66},[48,146558,94],{"class":62},[48,146560,3339],{"class":84},[48,146562,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146564,40892],{"class":54},[48,146566,59],{"class":58},[48,146568,145589],{"class":108},[48,146570,91],{"class":84},[48,146572,1887],{"class":1047},[48,146574,91],{"class":84},[48,146576,1873],{"class":87},[48,146578,3366],{"class":84},[48,146580,3581],{"class":1107},[48,146582,3584],{"class":87},[48,146584,3587],{"class":1107},[48,146586,3590],{"class":87},[48,146588,102],{"class":84},[48,146590,146591,146593,146595,146597],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,146592,109],{"class":108},[48,146594,91],{"class":84},[48,146596,40921],{"class":87},[48,146598,102],{"class":84},[20,146600,1037],{},[39,146602,146603],{"className":41,"code":2354,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146604,146605],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146606,146607],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146608,2354],{"class":488},[20,146610,146611],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1200,146613,146615],{"id":146614},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146617,4232],{},[39,146619,146621],{"className":41,"code":146620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146622,146623,146651],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146624,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146626,3528],{"class":54},[48,146628,59],{"class":58},[48,146630,3326],{"class":84},[48,146632,272],{"class":488},[48,146634,365],{"class":84},[48,146636,489],{"class":488},[48,146638,365],{"class":84},[48,146640,63],{"class":62},[48,146642,1764],{"class":66},[48,146644,94],{"class":62},[48,146646,365],{"class":84},[48,146648,878],{"class":488},[48,146650,3339],{"class":84},[48,146652,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146654,109],{"class":108},[48,146656,91],{"class":84},[48,146658,145659],{"class":108},[48,146660,91],{"class":84},[48,146662,5065],{"class":87},[48,146664,1034],{"class":84},[20,146666,146667],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[39,146669,146671],{"className":41,"code":146670,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146672,146673,146701,146729],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146674,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146676,3528],{"class":54},[48,146678,59],{"class":58},[48,146680,3326],{"class":84},[48,146682,272],{"class":488},[48,146684,365],{"class":84},[48,146686,489],{"class":488},[48,146688,365],{"class":84},[48,146690,63],{"class":62},[48,146692,1764],{"class":66},[48,146694,94],{"class":62},[48,146696,365],{"class":84},[48,146698,878],{"class":488},[48,146700,3339],{"class":84},[48,146702,146703,146705,146707,146709,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146704,40892],{"class":54},[48,146706,59],{"class":58},[48,146708,145589],{"class":108},[48,146710,91],{"class":84},[48,146712,1887],{"class":1047},[48,146714,91],{"class":84},[48,146716,1873],{"class":87},[48,146718,3366],{"class":84},[48,146720,3581],{"class":1107},[48,146722,3584],{"class":87},[48,146724,3587],{"class":1107},[48,146726,3590],{"class":87},[48,146728,102],{"class":84},[48,146730,146731,146733,146735,146737],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,146732,109],{"class":108},[48,146734,91],{"class":84},[48,146736,40921],{"class":87},[48,146738,102],{"class":84},[20,146740,1037],{},[39,146742,146743],{"className":41,"code":2077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146744,146745],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146746,146747],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146748,2077],{"class":488},[1200,146750,758,146752,146754],{"id":146751},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146753,145536],{}," to join text",[20,146756,4232],{},[39,146758,146760],{"className":41,"code":146759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146761,146762,146818],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146763,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146765,35800],{"class":54},[48,146767,59],{"class":58},[48,146769,3326],{"class":84},[48,146771,94],{"class":62},[48,146773,133660],{"class":66},[48,146775,94],{"class":62},[48,146777,365],{"class":84},[48,146779,63],{"class":62},[48,146781,11458],{"class":66},[48,146783,94],{"class":62},[48,146785,365],{"class":84},[48,146787,63],{"class":62},[48,146789,436],{"class":66},[48,146791,94],{"class":62},[48,146793,365],{"class":84},[48,146795,63],{"class":62},[48,146797,60136],{"class":66},[48,146799,94],{"class":62},[48,146801,365],{"class":84},[48,146803,63],{"class":62},[48,146805,60170],{"class":66},[48,146807,94],{"class":62},[48,146809,365],{"class":84},[48,146811,63],{"class":62},[48,146813,954],{"class":66},[48,146815,94],{"class":62},[48,146817,3339],{"class":84},[48,146819,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146821,109],{"class":108},[48,146823,91],{"class":84},[48,146825,145659],{"class":108},[48,146827,91],{"class":84},[48,146829,35853],{"class":87},[48,146831,1034],{"class":84},[20,146833,139,146834,60229],{},[15,146835,132984],{},[39,146837,146839],{"className":41,"code":146838,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146840,146841,146897],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146842,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146844,35800],{"class":54},[48,146846,59],{"class":58},[48,146848,3326],{"class":84},[48,146850,94],{"class":62},[48,146852,133660],{"class":66},[48,146854,94],{"class":62},[48,146856,365],{"class":84},[48,146858,63],{"class":62},[48,146860,11458],{"class":66},[48,146862,94],{"class":62},[48,146864,365],{"class":84},[48,146866,63],{"class":62},[48,146868,436],{"class":66},[48,146870,94],{"class":62},[48,146872,365],{"class":84},[48,146874,63],{"class":62},[48,146876,60136],{"class":66},[48,146878,94],{"class":62},[48,146880,365],{"class":84},[48,146882,63],{"class":62},[48,146884,60170],{"class":66},[48,146886,94],{"class":62},[48,146888,365],{"class":84},[48,146890,63],{"class":62},[48,146892,954],{"class":66},[48,146894,94],{"class":62},[48,146896,3339],{"class":84},[48,146898,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146900,109],{"class":108},[48,146902,91],{"class":84},[48,146904,5980],{"class":62},[48,146906,32],{"class":84},[48,146908,133061],{"class":87},[48,146910,91],{"class":84},[48,146912,35853],{"class":87},[48,146914,1034],{"class":84},[20,146916,1037],{},[39,146918,146919],{"className":41,"code":133741,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,146920,146921],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146922,146923],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146924,133741],{"class":54},[20,146926,146927,146928,32],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[224,146929,146930],{"href":134822},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[34,146932,146934,146936],{"id":146933},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146935,145536],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146938,146939,146941],{},[15,146940,145536],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1200,146943,758,146945],{"id":146944},"using-sum",[15,146946,145536],{},[39,146948,146950],{"className":41,"code":146949,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146951,146952,146972,146986],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,146953,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,146955,3321],{"class":54},[48,146957,59],{"class":58},[48,146959,3326],{"class":84},[48,146961,907],{"class":488},[48,146963,365],{"class":84},[48,146965,5701],{"class":488},[48,146967,365],{"class":84},[48,146969,53835],{"class":488},[48,146971,3339],{"class":84},[48,146973,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,146975,40892],{"class":54},[48,146977,59],{"class":58},[48,146979,145589],{"class":108},[48,146981,91],{"class":84},[48,146983,3353],{"class":87},[48,146985,102],{"class":84},[48,146987,146988,146990,146992,146994],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,146989,109],{"class":108},[48,146991,91],{"class":84},[48,146993,40921],{"class":87},[48,146995,102],{"class":84},[1200,146997,146999],{"id":146998},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[39,147001,147003],{"className":41,"code":147002,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147004,147005,147025,147033,147037,147049,147057,147061],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147006,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147008,3321],{"class":54},[48,147010,59],{"class":58},[48,147012,3326],{"class":84},[48,147014,907],{"class":488},[48,147016,365],{"class":84},[48,147018,5701],{"class":488},[48,147020,365],{"class":84},[48,147022,53835],{"class":488},[48,147024,3339],{"class":84},[48,147026,147027,147029,147031],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147028,40892],{"class":54},[48,147030,59],{"class":58},[48,147032,38222],{"class":488},[48,147034,147035],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147036,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,147038,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,147040,5665],{"class":1107},[48,147042,6095],{"class":54},[48,147044,3587],{"class":1107},[48,147046,3969],{"class":54},[48,147048,1110],{"class":84},[48,147050,147051,147053,147055],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,147052,89791],{"class":54},[48,147054,89794],{"class":58},[48,147056,89797],{"class":54},[48,147058,147059],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,147060,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,147062,147063,147065,147067,147069],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,147064,109],{"class":108},[48,147066,91],{"class":84},[48,147068,40921],{"class":87},[48,147070,102],{"class":84},[20,147072,147073],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147075,2188,147076,147078],{},[15,147077,145536],{}," is often better:",[162,147080,147081,147084,147087],{},[165,147082,147083],{},"Shorter code",[165,147085,147086],{},"Easier to read",[165,147088,147089],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147091,147092],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[162,147094,147095,147098,147101],{},[165,147096,147097],{},"You need to skip some values",[165,147099,147100],{},"You need extra checks",[165,147102,147103],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147105,147106,147107,147110,147111,147113],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[224,147108,147109],{"href":39718},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147112,145536],{}," on the filtered result.",[34,147115,1366],{"id":1365},[20,147117,147118,147119,503],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147120,145536],{},[162,147122,147123,147129,147136,147143],{},[165,147124,147125,147126],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147127,147128],{},"sum(5)",[165,147130,147131,147132,147135],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147133,147134],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[165,147137,758,147138,147140,147141],{},[15,147139,145536],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147142,132984],{},[165,147144,147145],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147147,8586,147148,147150],{},[15,147149,145536],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[39,147152,147154],{"className":41,"code":147153,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147155,147156,147166,147180,147204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147157,147158,147160,147162,147164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147159,109],{"class":108},[48,147161,91],{"class":84},[48,147163,5065],{"class":87},[48,147165,102],{"class":84},[48,147167,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147169,109],{"class":108},[48,147171,91],{"class":84},[48,147173,2921],{"class":1047},[48,147175,91],{"class":84},[48,147177,5065],{"class":87},[48,147179,1034],{"class":84},[48,147181,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147183,109],{"class":108},[48,147185,2684],{"class":84},[48,147187,2921],{"class":1047},[48,147189,91],{"class":84},[48,147191,1873],{"class":87},[48,147193,3366],{"class":84},[48,147195,3581],{"class":1107},[48,147197,3584],{"class":87},[48,147199,3587],{"class":1107},[48,147201,3590],{"class":87},[48,147203,3593],{"class":84},[48,147205,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,147207,109],{"class":108},[48,147209,91],{"class":84},[48,147211,145659],{"class":108},[48,147213,2684],{"class":84},[48,147215,1887],{"class":1047},[48,147217,91],{"class":84},[48,147219,1873],{"class":87},[48,147221,3366],{"class":84},[48,147223,3581],{"class":1107},[48,147225,3584],{"class":87},[48,147227,3587],{"class":1107},[48,147229,3590],{"class":87},[48,147231,2697],{"class":84},[20,147233,135555],{},[162,147235,147236,147242,147248,147253],{},[165,147237,147238,147241],{},[15,147239,147240],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[165,147243,147244,147247],{},[15,147245,147246],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[165,147249,147250,135577],{},[15,147251,147252],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[165,147254,147255,147258],{},[15,147256,147257],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[34,147260,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,147262,4849,147264,4852],{"id":147263},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147265,145536],{},[20,147267,147268],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1200,147270,1579,147272,147274],{"id":147271},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147273,145536],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147276,29983,147277,1358,147280,147283],{},[15,147278,147279],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147281,147282],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1200,147285,1579,147287,147289],{"id":147286},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147288,145536],{}," work with floats?",[20,147291,147292],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1200,147294,147296,147297,1564],{"id":147295},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147298,145536],{},[20,147300,147301,147302,147304],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147303,390],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1200,147306,4865,147308,119076,147310,1564],{"id":147307},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147309,145536],{},[15,147311,2703],{},[20,147313,147314],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[34,147316,1599],{"id":1598},[162,147318,147319,147323,147329,147335,147341,147345,147349],{},[165,147320,147321],{},[224,147322,146019],{"href":2119},[165,147324,147325],{},[224,147326,3277,147327,3210],{"href":35905},[15,147328,35908],{},[165,147330,147331],{},[224,147332,3277,147333,3210],{"href":42065},[15,147334,42068],{},[165,147336,147337],{},[224,147338,3277,147339,3210],{"href":41882},[15,147340,47390],{},[165,147342,147343],{},[224,147344,4927],{"href":39718},[165,147346,147347],{},[224,147348,3227],{"href":2660},[165,147350,147351],{},[224,147352,146930],{"href":134822},[1633,147354,147355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":147357},[147358,147359,147361,147362,147363,147365,147373,147379,147386,147392,147393,147405],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":145615,"depth":73,"text":147360},"What sum() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":145793,"depth":73,"text":147364},"Using the start value",{"id":145895,"depth":73,"text":147366,"children":147367},"What sum() can work with",[147368,147369,147370,147372],{"id":40134,"depth":105,"text":40135},{"id":51747,"depth":105,"text":145961},{"id":146022,"depth":105,"text":147371},"Values from range()",{"id":146070,"depth":105,"text":146071},{"id":146144,"depth":73,"text":147374,"children":147375},"What sum() does not work with",[147376,147377,147378],{"id":146155,"depth":105,"text":146156},{"id":146272,"depth":105,"text":146273},{"id":146330,"depth":105,"text":146331},{"id":41213,"depth":73,"text":41214,"children":147380},[147381,147382,147383,147384],{"id":6231,"depth":105,"text":6232},{"id":146466,"depth":105,"text":146467},{"id":146614,"depth":105,"text":146615},{"id":146751,"depth":105,"text":147385},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146933,"depth":73,"text":147387,"children":147388},"sum() vs manual loop",[147389,147391],{"id":146944,"depth":105,"text":147390},"Using sum()",{"id":146998,"depth":105,"text":146999},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":147394},[147395,147397,147399,147401,147403],{"id":147263,"depth":105,"text":147396},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147271,"depth":105,"text":147398},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147286,"depth":105,"text":147400},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147295,"depth":105,"text":147402},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147307,"depth":105,"text":147404},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145528,"description":147406},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147413,"title":147414,"body":147415,"description":148817,"extension":1666,"meta":148818,"navigation":122,"path":148819,"seo":148820,"stem":148821,"__hash__":148822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147416,"toc":148785},[147417,147423,147429,147432,147495,147501,147506,147510,147527,147541,147545,147565,147579,147581,147674,147676,147690,147692,147695,147784,147786,147794,147803,147805,147809,147830,147832,147924,147926,147947,147949,147953,147967,147969,148043,148045,148064,148068,148071,148094,148096,148207,148214,148222,148224,148230,148233,148276,148279,148302,148310,148314,148389,148395,148420,148427,148430,148433,148437,148442,148530,148538,148542,148545,148570,148574,148635,148639,148688,148698,148700,148705,148708,148714,148717,148721,148725,148731,148734,148742,148750,148752,148782],[10,147418,147420,147421,18],{"id":147419},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147422,56990],{},[20,147424,147425,147428],{},[15,147426,147427],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147430,147431],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[39,147433,147435],{"className":41,"code":147434,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147436,147437,147465,147483],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147438,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147440,3321],{"class":54},[48,147442,59],{"class":58},[48,147444,8948],{"class":84},[48,147446,272],{"class":488},[48,147448,365],{"class":84},[48,147450,489],{"class":488},[48,147452,365],{"class":84},[48,147454,489],{"class":488},[48,147456,365],{"class":84},[48,147458,2152],{"class":488},[48,147460,365],{"class":84},[48,147462,489],{"class":488},[48,147464,102],{"class":84},[48,147466,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147468,1929],{"class":54},[48,147470,59],{"class":58},[48,147472,3969],{"class":54},[48,147474,32],{"class":84},[48,147476,40969],{"class":87},[48,147478,91],{"class":84},[48,147480,280],{"class":488},[48,147482,102],{"class":84},[48,147484,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147486,109],{"class":108},[48,147488,91],{"class":84},[48,147490,1964],{"class":87},[48,147492,3366],{"class":84},[48,147494,494],{"class":129},[20,147496,139,147497,147500],{},[15,147498,147499],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[34,147502,148,147504,152],{"id":147503},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147505,147427],{},[20,147507,147508,503],{},[15,147509,147499],{},[162,147511,147512,147518,147521,147524],{},[165,147513,147514,147515,147517],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147516,362],{}," appears in the tuple",[165,147519,147520],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[165,147522,147523],{},"Returns an integer",[165,147525,147526],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147528,147529,147530,147532,147533,1358,147537,32],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147531,56990],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[224,147534,147536],{"href":147535},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[224,147538,147540],{"href":147539},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[34,147542,147544],{"id":147543},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[39,147546,147548],{"className":41,"code":147547,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147549,147550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147551,147552,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147553,147554],{"class":54},"my_tuple",[48,147556,32],{"class":84},[48,147558,40969],{"class":87},[48,147560,91],{"class":84},[48,147562,362],{"class":87},[48,147564,102],{"class":84},[162,147566,147567,147571,147574],{},[165,147568,147569,57155],{},[15,147570,362],{},[165,147572,147573],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[165,147575,147576,147577],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147578,578],{},[1200,147580,102791],{"id":102790},[39,147582,147584],{"className":41,"code":147583,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147585,147586,147626,147650],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147587,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147589,12789],{"class":54},[48,147591,59],{"class":58},[48,147593,8948],{"class":84},[48,147595,94],{"class":62},[48,147597,12806],{"class":66},[48,147599,94],{"class":62},[48,147601,365],{"class":84},[48,147603,63],{"class":62},[48,147605,12823],{"class":66},[48,147607,94],{"class":62},[48,147609,365],{"class":84},[48,147611,63],{"class":62},[48,147613,12806],{"class":66},[48,147615,94],{"class":62},[48,147617,365],{"class":84},[48,147619,63],{"class":62},[48,147621,17173],{"class":66},[48,147623,94],{"class":62},[48,147625,102],{"class":84},[48,147627,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147629,109],{"class":108},[48,147631,91],{"class":84},[48,147633,17220],{"class":87},[48,147635,32],{"class":84},[48,147637,40969],{"class":87},[48,147639,91],{"class":84},[48,147641,94],{"class":62},[48,147643,12806],{"class":66},[48,147645,94],{"class":62},[48,147647,229],{"class":84},[48,147649,57345],{"class":129},[48,147651,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147653,109],{"class":108},[48,147655,91],{"class":84},[48,147657,17220],{"class":87},[48,147659,32],{"class":84},[48,147661,40969],{"class":87},[48,147663,91],{"class":84},[48,147665,94],{"class":62},[48,147667,22239],{"class":66},[48,147669,94],{"class":62},[48,147671,229],{"class":84},[48,147673,639],{"class":129},[20,147675,886],{},[162,147677,147678,147683],{},[165,147679,147680,147682],{},[15,147681,65083],{}," appears 2 times",[165,147684,147685,147687,147688],{},[15,147686,109487],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147689,578],{},[34,147691,11187],{"id":11186},[20,147693,147694],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[39,147696,147698],{"className":41,"code":147697,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147699,147700,147748,147752,147774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147701,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147703,35949],{"class":54},[48,147705,59],{"class":58},[48,147707,8948],{"class":84},[48,147709,94],{"class":62},[48,147711,3785],{"class":66},[48,147713,94],{"class":62},[48,147715,365],{"class":84},[48,147717,63],{"class":62},[48,147719,198],{"class":66},[48,147721,94],{"class":62},[48,147723,365],{"class":84},[48,147725,63],{"class":62},[48,147727,3785],{"class":66},[48,147729,94],{"class":62},[48,147731,365],{"class":84},[48,147733,63],{"class":62},[48,147735,32933],{"class":66},[48,147737,94],{"class":62},[48,147739,365],{"class":84},[48,147741,63],{"class":62},[48,147743,3785],{"class":66},[48,147745,94],{"class":62},[48,147747,102],{"class":84},[48,147749,147750],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147751,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,147753,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147755,1929],{"class":54},[48,147757,59],{"class":58},[48,147759,52551],{"class":54},[48,147761,32],{"class":84},[48,147763,40969],{"class":87},[48,147765,91],{"class":84},[48,147767,94],{"class":62},[48,147769,3785],{"class":66},[48,147771,94],{"class":62},[48,147773,102],{"class":84},[48,147775,147776,147778,147780,147782],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,147777,109],{"class":108},[48,147779,91],{"class":84},[48,147781,1964],{"class":87},[48,147783,102],{"class":84},[20,147785,1037],{},[39,147787,147788],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,147789,147790],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147791,147792],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147793,46323],{"class":488},[20,147795,147796,147798,147799,1572,147801,32],{},[15,147797,57533],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147800,56990],{},[15,147802,1764],{},[34,147804,557],{"id":556},[20,147806,57244,147807,128410],{},[15,147808,56990],{},[162,147810,147811,147816,147821,147824],{},[165,147812,1270,147813,147815],{},[15,147814,578],{}," when the value does not exist",[165,147817,1270,147818,147820],{},[15,147819,272],{}," when the value appears once",[165,147822,147823],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[165,147825,147826,147827,147829],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147828,6705],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147831,182],{},[39,147833,147835],{"className":41,"code":147834,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147836,147837,147878,147882,147909],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147838,147839,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147840,147841],{"class":54},"answers ",[48,147843,59],{"class":58},[48,147845,8948],{"class":84},[48,147847,94],{"class":62},[48,147849,8368],{"class":66},[48,147851,94],{"class":62},[48,147853,365],{"class":84},[48,147855,63],{"class":62},[48,147857,8307],{"class":66},[48,147859,94],{"class":62},[48,147861,365],{"class":84},[48,147863,63],{"class":62},[48,147865,8368],{"class":66},[48,147867,94],{"class":62},[48,147869,365],{"class":84},[48,147871,63],{"class":62},[48,147873,8368],{"class":66},[48,147875,94],{"class":62},[48,147877,102],{"class":84},[48,147879,147880],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,147881,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,147883,147884,147886,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,147885,6705],{"class":1107},[48,147887,147888],{"class":54}," answers",[48,147890,32],{"class":84},[48,147892,40969],{"class":87},[48,147894,91],{"class":84},[48,147896,94],{"class":62},[48,147898,8368],{"class":66},[48,147900,94],{"class":62},[48,147902,3366],{"class":84},[48,147904,38105],{"class":58},[48,147906,5204],{"class":488},[48,147908,1110],{"class":84},[48,147910,147911,147913,147915,147917,147920,147922],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,147912,1138],{"class":108},[48,147914,91],{"class":84},[48,147916,94],{"class":62},[48,147918,147919],{"class":66},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[48,147921,94],{"class":62},[48,147923,102],{"class":84},[20,147925,1037],{},[39,147927,147929],{"className":41,"code":147928,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147930,147931],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147932,147933,147936,147938,147940,147942,147945],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147934,147935],{"class":54},"The answer ",[48,147937,3001],{"class":62},[48,147939,8368],{"class":66},[48,147941,3001],{"class":62},[48,147943,147944],{"class":54}," appears more than once",[48,147946,122070],{"class":84},[34,147948,40755],{"id":40754},[20,147950,35117,147951,104254],{},[15,147952,147427],{},[162,147954,147955,147958,147961,147964],{},[165,147956,147957],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[165,147959,147960],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[165,147962,147963],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[165,147965,147966],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147968,182],{},[39,147970,147972],{"className":41,"code":147971,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147973,147974,148002,148006,148028],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,147975,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,147977,4770],{"class":54},[48,147979,59],{"class":58},[48,147981,8948],{"class":84},[48,147983,2031],{"class":488},[48,147985,365],{"class":84},[48,147987,7500],{"class":488},[48,147989,365],{"class":84},[48,147991,5712],{"class":488},[48,147993,365],{"class":84},[48,147995,7505],{"class":488},[48,147997,365],{"class":84},[48,147999,5712],{"class":488},[48,148001,102],{"class":84},[48,148003,148004],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148005,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,148007,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148009,6705],{"class":1107},[48,148011,4817],{"class":54},[48,148013,32],{"class":84},[48,148015,40969],{"class":87},[48,148017,91],{"class":84},[48,148019,2031],{"class":488},[48,148021,3366],{"class":84},[48,148023,50990],{"class":58},[48,148025,489],{"class":488},[48,148027,1110],{"class":84},[48,148029,148030,148032,148034,148036,148039,148041],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,148031,1138],{"class":108},[48,148033,91],{"class":84},[48,148035,94],{"class":62},[48,148037,148038],{"class":66},"The score 10 is repeated.",[48,148040,94],{"class":62},[48,148042,102],{"class":84},[20,148044,1037],{},[39,148046,148048],{"className":41,"code":148047,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148049,148050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148051,148052,148055,148057,148059,148062],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148053,148054],{"class":54},"The score ",[48,148056,2031],{"class":488},[48,148058,7807],{"class":58},[48,148060,148061],{"class":54}," repeated",[48,148063,122070],{"class":84},[34,148065,148067],{"id":148066},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148069,148070],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[162,148072,148073,148079,148084,148087],{},[165,148074,148075,148076,148078],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148077,56990],{}," still works because it only reads data",[165,148080,148081,148083],{},[15,148082,56990],{}," counts exact matches",[165,148085,148086],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[165,148088,148089,500,148091,148093],{},[15,148090,272],{},[15,148092,41865],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148095,182],{},[39,148097,148099],{"className":41,"code":148098,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148100,148101,148135,148139,148159,148183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148102,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148116,148118,148120,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148104,3528],{"class":54},[48,148106,59],{"class":58},[48,148108,8948],{"class":84},[48,148110,272],{"class":488},[48,148112,365],{"class":84},[48,148114,148115],{"class":488}," 1.0",[48,148117,365],{"class":84},[48,148119,63],{"class":62},[48,148121,148122],{"class":66},"Cat",[48,148124,94],{"class":62},[48,148126,365],{"class":84},[48,148128,63],{"class":62},[48,148130,607],{"class":66},[48,148132,94],{"class":62},[48,148134,102],{"class":84},[48,148136,148137],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148138,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,148140,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148142,109],{"class":108},[48,148144,91],{"class":84},[48,148146,5065],{"class":87},[48,148148,32],{"class":84},[48,148150,40969],{"class":87},[48,148152,91],{"class":84},[48,148154,272],{"class":488},[48,148156,229],{"class":84},[48,148158,50799],{"class":129},[48,148160,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,148162,109],{"class":108},[48,148164,91],{"class":84},[48,148166,5065],{"class":87},[48,148168,32],{"class":84},[48,148170,40969],{"class":87},[48,148172,91],{"class":84},[48,148174,94],{"class":62},[48,148176,148122],{"class":66},[48,148178,94],{"class":62},[48,148180,229],{"class":84},[48,148182,664],{"class":129},[48,148184,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148195,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,148186,109],{"class":108},[48,148188,91],{"class":84},[48,148190,5065],{"class":87},[48,148192,32],{"class":84},[48,148194,40969],{"class":87},[48,148196,91],{"class":84},[48,148198,94],{"class":62},[48,148200,607],{"class":66},[48,148202,94],{"class":62},[48,148204,229],{"class":84},[48,148206,664],{"class":129},[20,148208,4865,148209,4868,148212,1564],{},[15,148210,148211],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148213,280],{},[20,148215,8496,148216,4489,148219,148221],{},[15,148217,148218],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148220,3306],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[34,148223,1366],{"id":1365},[1200,148225,758,148227,148229],{"id":148226},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148228,40969],{}," without parentheses",[20,148231,148232],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[39,148234,148236],{"className":41,"code":148235,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148237,148238,148262],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148239,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148241,3321],{"class":54},[48,148243,59],{"class":58},[48,148245,8948],{"class":84},[48,148247,272],{"class":488},[48,148249,365],{"class":84},[48,148251,489],{"class":488},[48,148253,365],{"class":84},[48,148255,489],{"class":488},[48,148257,365],{"class":84},[48,148259,2152],{"class":488},[48,148261,102],{"class":84},[48,148263,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148265,109],{"class":108},[48,148267,91],{"class":84},[48,148269,3353],{"class":87},[48,148271,32],{"class":84},[48,148273,40969],{"class":24466},[48,148275,102],{"class":84},[20,148277,148278],{},"To call the method correctly:",[39,148280,148282],{"className":41,"code":148281,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148283,148284],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148285,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148287,109],{"class":108},[48,148289,91],{"class":84},[48,148291,3353],{"class":87},[48,148293,32],{"class":84},[48,148295,40969],{"class":87},[48,148297,91],{"class":84},[48,148299,280],{"class":488},[48,148301,1034],{"class":84},[1200,148303,1379,148304,1382,148306,1358,148308],{"id":58292},[15,148305,56990],{},[15,148307,3306],{},[15,148309,3379],{},[20,148311,148312,58303],{},[15,148313,56990],{},[39,148315,148317],{"className":41,"code":148316,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148318,148319,148351,148373,148377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331,148333,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148322,35800],{"class":54},[48,148324,59],{"class":58},[48,148326,8948],{"class":84},[48,148328,94],{"class":62},[48,148330,224],{"class":66},[48,148332,94],{"class":62},[48,148334,365],{"class":84},[48,148336,63],{"class":62},[48,148338,4466],{"class":66},[48,148340,94],{"class":62},[48,148342,365],{"class":84},[48,148344,63],{"class":62},[48,148346,224],{"class":66},[48,148348,94],{"class":62},[48,148350,102],{"class":84},[48,148352,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148354,1929],{"class":54},[48,148356,59],{"class":58},[48,148358,69782],{"class":54},[48,148360,32],{"class":84},[48,148362,40969],{"class":87},[48,148364,91],{"class":84},[48,148366,94],{"class":62},[48,148368,224],{"class":66},[48,148370,94],{"class":62},[48,148372,102],{"class":84},[48,148374,148375],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148376,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,148378,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,148380,109],{"class":108},[48,148382,91],{"class":84},[48,148384,1964],{"class":87},[48,148386,3366],{"class":84},[48,148388,443],{"class":129},[20,148390,148391,148392,148394],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148393,3587],{}," is often simpler:",[39,148396,148398],{"className":41,"code":148397,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148399,148400],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148401,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148403,109],{"class":108},[48,148405,91],{"class":84},[48,148407,94],{"class":62},[48,148409,224],{"class":66},[48,148411,94],{"class":62},[48,148413,20889],{"class":1107},[48,148415,69782],{"class":87},[48,148417,3366],{"class":84},[48,148419,3369],{"class":129},[1200,148421,36914,148423,8415,148425],{"id":148422},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148424,147427],{},[15,148426,56995],{},[20,148428,148429],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148431,148432],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1200,148434,148436],{"id":148435},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148438,148439,148441],{},[15,148440,56990],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[39,148443,148445],{"className":41,"code":148444,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148446,148447,148480,148506],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148448,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148450,3776],{"class":54},[48,148452,59],{"class":58},[48,148454,8948],{"class":84},[48,148456,94],{"class":62},[48,148458,3785],{"class":66},[48,148460,94],{"class":62},[48,148462,365],{"class":84},[48,148464,63],{"class":62},[48,148466,148467],{"class":66},"pineapple",[48,148469,94],{"class":62},[48,148471,365],{"class":84},[48,148473,63],{"class":62},[48,148475,3785],{"class":66},[48,148477,94],{"class":62},[48,148479,102],{"class":84},[48,148481,148482,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148499,148501,148503],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148483,109],{"class":108},[48,148485,91],{"class":84},[48,148487,3819],{"class":87},[48,148489,32],{"class":84},[48,148491,40969],{"class":87},[48,148493,91],{"class":84},[48,148495,94],{"class":62},[48,148497,148498],{"class":66},"app",[48,148500,94],{"class":62},[48,148502,229],{"class":84},[48,148504,148505],{"class":129},"    # 0\n",[48,148507,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148509,109],{"class":108},[48,148511,91],{"class":84},[48,148513,3819],{"class":87},[48,148515,32],{"class":84},[48,148517,40969],{"class":87},[48,148519,91],{"class":84},[48,148521,94],{"class":62},[48,148523,3785],{"class":66},[48,148525,94],{"class":62},[48,148527,229],{"class":84},[48,148529,443],{"class":129},[20,148531,148532,148535,148536,32],{},[15,148533,148534],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148537,578],{},[34,148539,148541],{"id":148540},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148543,148544],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[162,148546,148547,148552,148561,148567],{},[165,148548,139,148549,148551],{},[15,148550,3587],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[165,148553,139,148554,148560],{},[224,148555,148557,148558],{"href":148556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148559,17],{}," to find the position of a value",[165,148562,139,148563,148566],{},[15,148564,148565],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[165,148568,148569],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148571,776,148572,503],{},[15,148573,3587],{},[39,148575,148577],{"className":41,"code":148576,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148578,148579,148599,148603,148619],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148580,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148582,3321],{"class":54},[48,148584,59],{"class":58},[48,148586,8948],{"class":84},[48,148588,907],{"class":488},[48,148590,365],{"class":84},[48,148592,5701],{"class":488},[48,148594,365],{"class":84},[48,148596,53835],{"class":488},[48,148598,102],{"class":84},[48,148600,148601],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148602,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,148604,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148606,109],{"class":108},[48,148608,91],{"class":84},[48,148610,1727],{"class":488},[48,148612,20889],{"class":1107},[48,148614,3969],{"class":87},[48,148616,3366],{"class":84},[48,148618,43562],{"class":129},[48,148620,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,148622,109],{"class":108},[48,148624,91],{"class":84},[48,148626,1837],{"class":488},[48,148628,20889],{"class":1107},[48,148630,3969],{"class":87},[48,148632,3366],{"class":84},[48,148634,43579],{"class":129},[20,148636,776,148637,503],{},[15,148638,17],{},[39,148640,148642],{"className":41,"code":148641,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148643,148644,148668],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148645,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664,148666],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148647,3321],{"class":54},[48,148649,59],{"class":58},[48,148651,8948],{"class":84},[48,148653,907],{"class":488},[48,148655,365],{"class":84},[48,148657,5701],{"class":488},[48,148659,365],{"class":84},[48,148661,53835],{"class":488},[48,148663,365],{"class":84},[48,148665,5701],{"class":488},[48,148667,102],{"class":84},[48,148669,148670,148672,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148671,109],{"class":108},[48,148673,91],{"class":84},[48,148675,3353],{"class":87},[48,148677,32],{"class":84},[48,148679,88],{"class":87},[48,148681,91],{"class":84},[48,148683,1727],{"class":488},[48,148685,229],{"class":84},[48,148687,664],{"class":129},[20,148689,148690,148692,148693,148695,148697],{},[15,148691,56990],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9558,148694],{},[15,148696,17],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[34,148699,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,148701,4849,148703,4852],{"id":148702},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148704,147427],{},[20,148706,148707],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1200,148709,12418,148711,148713],{"id":148710},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148712,147427],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148715,148716],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1200,148718,148720],{"id":148719},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148722,11624,148723,32],{},[15,148724,578],{},[1200,148726,1579,148728,148730],{"id":148727},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148729,147427],{}," count strings?",[20,148732,148733],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1200,148735,1559,148737,500,148739,1564],{"id":148736},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148738,147427],{},[15,148740,148741],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148743,148744,148746,148747,148749],{},[15,148745,56990],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148748,17],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[34,148751,1599],{"id":1598},[162,148753,148754,148758,148763,148770,148778],{},[165,148755,148756],{},[224,148757,147536],{"href":147535},[165,148759,148760],{},[224,148761,148762],{"href":147539},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[165,148764,148765],{},[224,148766,148767,148768,754],{"href":148556},"Python tuple ",[15,148769,17],{},[165,148771,148772],{},[224,148773,148775,148776],{"href":148774},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148777,42068],{},[165,148779,148780],{},[224,148781,58655],{"href":58654},[1633,148783,148784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":148786},[148787,148789,148792,148793,148794,148795,148796,148804,148805,148816],{"id":147503,"depth":73,"text":148788},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147543,"depth":73,"text":147544,"children":148790},[148791],{"id":102790,"depth":105,"text":102791},{"id":11186,"depth":73,"text":11187},{"id":556,"depth":73,"text":557},{"id":40754,"depth":73,"text":40755},{"id":148066,"depth":73,"text":148067},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":148797},[148798,148800,148801,148803],{"id":148226,"depth":105,"text":148799},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58292,"depth":105,"text":58707},{"id":148422,"depth":105,"text":148802},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148435,"depth":105,"text":148436},{"id":148540,"depth":73,"text":148541},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":148806},[148807,148809,148811,148812,148814],{"id":148702,"depth":105,"text":148808},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148710,"depth":105,"text":148810},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148719,"depth":105,"text":148720},{"id":148727,"depth":105,"text":148813},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148736,"depth":105,"text":148815},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147414,"description":148817},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148824,"title":148825,"body":148826,"description":150513,"extension":1666,"meta":150514,"navigation":122,"path":150515,"seo":150516,"stem":150517,"__hash__":150518},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148827,"toc":150476},[148828,148831,148834,148843,148845,148975,148977,149038,149044,149046,149066,149070,149073,149076,149111,149113,149134,149137,149176,149178,149203,149210,149214,149217,149254,149256,149279,149282,149285,149297,149303,149307,149310,149316,149357,149359,149382,149385,149426,149428,149455,149457,149474,149476,149493,149496,149500,149503,149505,149539,149541,149588,149592,149631,149635,149638,149695,149697,149738,149744,149750,149755,149757,149794,149796,149816,149818,149851,149853,149886,149889,149893,149926,149928,149953,149956,149958,149972,149979,149981,149984,149988,149991,150026,150029,150064,150068,150071,150110,150113,150152,150156,150158,150188,150191,150198,150200,150232,150235,150267,150270,150301,150303,150320,150324,150327,150391,150393,150397,150404,150408,150411,150415,150418,150422,150425,150430,150436,150438,150473],[10,148829,148825],{"id":148830},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148832,148833],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148835,148836,148837,1358,148841,32],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[224,148838,148840],{"href":148839},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[224,148842,147536],{"href":147535},[34,148844,37],{"id":36},[39,148846,148848],{"className":41,"code":148847,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148849,148850,148870,148879,148893,148929,148933,148943,148953,148964],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148851,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148853,3321],{"class":54},[48,148855,59],{"class":58},[48,148857,8948],{"class":84},[48,148859,272],{"class":488},[48,148861,365],{"class":84},[48,148863,489],{"class":488},[48,148865,365],{"class":84},[48,148867,2152],{"class":488},[48,148869,102],{"class":84},[48,148871,148872,148874,148876],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,148873,124528],{"class":54},[48,148875,59],{"class":58},[48,148877,148878],{"class":84}," ()\n",[48,148880,148881,148884,148886,148888,148890],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,148882,148883],{"class":54},"one_item ",[48,148885,59],{"class":58},[48,148887,8948],{"class":84},[48,148889,1837],{"class":488},[48,148891,148892],{"class":84},",)\n",[48,148894,148895,148898,148900,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,148896,148897],{"class":54},"from_list ",[48,148899,59],{"class":58},[48,148901,148902],{"class":1047}," tuple",[48,148904,2684],{"class":84},[48,148906,94],{"class":62},[48,148908,224],{"class":66},[48,148910,94],{"class":62},[48,148912,365],{"class":84},[48,148914,63],{"class":62},[48,148916,4466],{"class":66},[48,148918,94],{"class":62},[48,148920,365],{"class":84},[48,148922,63],{"class":62},[48,148924,632],{"class":66},[48,148926,94],{"class":62},[48,148928,3593],{"class":84},[48,148930,148931],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,148932,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,148934,148935,148937,148939,148941],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,148936,109],{"class":108},[48,148938,91],{"class":84},[48,148940,3353],{"class":87},[48,148942,102],{"class":84},[48,148944,148945,148947,148949,148951],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,148946,109],{"class":108},[48,148948,91],{"class":84},[48,148950,124579],{"class":87},[48,148952,102],{"class":84},[48,148954,148955,148957,148959,148962],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,148956,109],{"class":108},[48,148958,91],{"class":84},[48,148960,148961],{"class":87},"one_item",[48,148963,102],{"class":84},[48,148965,148966,148968,148970,148973],{"class":50,"line":6139},[48,148967,109],{"class":108},[48,148969,91],{"class":84},[48,148971,148972],{"class":87},"from_list",[48,148974,102],{"class":84},[20,148976,1037],{},[39,148978,148980],{"className":41,"code":148979,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148981,148982,148998,149002,149010],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,148983,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,148985,91],{"class":84},[48,148987,272],{"class":488},[48,148989,365],{"class":84},[48,148991,489],{"class":488},[48,148993,365],{"class":84},[48,148995,2152],{"class":488},[48,148997,102],{"class":84},[48,148999,149000],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149001,8353],{"class":84},[48,149003,149004,149006,149008],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,149005,91],{"class":84},[48,149007,1837],{"class":488},[48,149009,148892],{"class":84},[48,149011,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034,149036],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,149013,91],{"class":84},[48,149015,3001],{"class":62},[48,149017,224],{"class":66},[48,149019,3001],{"class":62},[48,149021,365],{"class":84},[48,149023,2996],{"class":62},[48,149025,4466],{"class":66},[48,149027,3001],{"class":62},[48,149029,365],{"class":84},[48,149031,2996],{"class":62},[48,149033,632],{"class":66},[48,149035,3001],{"class":62},[48,149037,102],{"class":84},[20,149039,149040,149041,32],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149042,149043],{},"(5,)",[34,149045,14878],{"id":14877},[162,149047,149048,149051,149054,149057,149060,149063],{},[165,149049,149050],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[165,149052,149053],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[165,149055,149056],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[165,149058,149059],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[165,149061,149062],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[165,149064,149065],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[34,149067,149069],{"id":149068},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149071,149072],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149074,149075],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[39,149077,149079],{"className":41,"code":149078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149080,149081,149101],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149082,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149084,3321],{"class":54},[48,149086,59],{"class":58},[48,149088,8948],{"class":84},[48,149090,272],{"class":488},[48,149092,365],{"class":84},[48,149094,489],{"class":488},[48,149096,365],{"class":84},[48,149098,2152],{"class":488},[48,149100,102],{"class":84},[48,149102,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149104,109],{"class":108},[48,149106,91],{"class":84},[48,149108,3353],{"class":87},[48,149110,102],{"class":84},[20,149112,1037],{},[39,149114,149116],{"className":41,"code":149115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149117,149118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149119,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149121,91],{"class":84},[48,149123,272],{"class":488},[48,149125,365],{"class":84},[48,149127,489],{"class":488},[48,149129,365],{"class":84},[48,149131,2152],{"class":488},[48,149133,102],{"class":84},[20,149135,149136],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[39,149138,149140],{"className":41,"code":149139,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149141,149142,149166],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154,149156,149158,149160,149162,149164],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149145,8877],{"class":54},[48,149147,59],{"class":58},[48,149149,8948],{"class":84},[48,149151,272],{"class":488},[48,149153,365],{"class":84},[48,149155,63],{"class":62},[48,149157,3785],{"class":66},[48,149159,94],{"class":62},[48,149161,365],{"class":84},[48,149163,3621],{"class":3556},[48,149165,102],{"class":84},[48,149167,149168,149170,149172,149174],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149169,109],{"class":108},[48,149171,91],{"class":84},[48,149173,8916],{"class":87},[48,149175,102],{"class":84},[20,149177,1037],{},[39,149179,149181],{"className":41,"code":149180,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149182,149183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149184,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199,149201],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149186,91],{"class":84},[48,149188,272],{"class":488},[48,149190,365],{"class":84},[48,149192,2996],{"class":62},[48,149194,3785],{"class":66},[48,149196,3001],{"class":62},[48,149198,365],{"class":84},[48,149200,3621],{"class":3556},[48,149202,102],{"class":84},[20,149204,149205,149206,32],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[224,149207,149209],{"href":149208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[34,149211,149213],{"id":149212},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149215,149216],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[39,149218,149220],{"className":41,"code":149219,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149221,149222,149230,149240],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149223,149224,149226,149228],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149225,124528],{"class":54},[48,149227,59],{"class":58},[48,149229,148878],{"class":84},[48,149231,149232,149234,149236,149238],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149233,109],{"class":108},[48,149235,91],{"class":84},[48,149237,124579],{"class":87},[48,149239,102],{"class":84},[48,149241,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,149243,109],{"class":108},[48,149245,91],{"class":84},[48,149247,2921],{"class":1047},[48,149249,91],{"class":84},[48,149251,124579],{"class":87},[48,149253,1034],{"class":84},[20,149255,1037],{},[39,149257,149259],{"className":41,"code":149258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149260,149261,149265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149262,149263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149264,8353],{"class":84},[48,149266,149267,149269,149271,149273,149275,149277],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149268,2990],{"class":58},[48,149270,2993],{"class":1767},[48,149272,2996],{"class":62},[48,149274,48660],{"class":66},[48,149276,3001],{"class":62},[48,149278,3004],{"class":58},[20,149280,149281],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149283,149284],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[162,149286,149287,149292],{},[165,149288,149289,149290],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149291,7074],{},[165,149293,149294,149295],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149296,3492],{},[20,149298,149299,149300,32],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[224,149301,149302],{"href":56853},"Python list: creating a list",[34,149304,149306],{"id":149305},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149308,149309],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149311,149312,149313,149315],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[565,149314,1055],{}," automatically a tuple:",[39,149317,149319],{"className":41,"code":149318,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149320,149321,149333,149343],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149322,149323,149325,149327,149329,149331],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149324,2147],{"class":54},[48,149326,59],{"class":58},[48,149328,8948],{"class":84},[48,149330,1837],{"class":488},[48,149332,102],{"class":84},[48,149334,149335,149337,149339,149341],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149336,109],{"class":108},[48,149338,91],{"class":84},[48,149340,362],{"class":87},[48,149342,102],{"class":84},[48,149344,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,149346,109],{"class":108},[48,149348,91],{"class":84},[48,149350,2921],{"class":1047},[48,149352,91],{"class":84},[48,149354,362],{"class":87},[48,149356,1034],{"class":84},[20,149358,1037],{},[39,149360,149362],{"className":41,"code":149361,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149363,149364,149368],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149365,149366],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149367,2645],{"class":488},[48,149369,149370,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149371,2990],{"class":58},[48,149373,2993],{"class":1767},[48,149375,2996],{"class":62},[48,149377,1887],{"class":66},[48,149379,3001],{"class":62},[48,149381,3004],{"class":58},[20,149383,149384],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[39,149386,149388],{"className":41,"code":149387,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149389,149390,149402,149412],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149391,149392,149394,149396,149398,149400],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149393,148883],{"class":54},[48,149395,59],{"class":58},[48,149397,8948],{"class":84},[48,149399,1837],{"class":488},[48,149401,148892],{"class":84},[48,149403,149404,149406,149408,149410],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149405,109],{"class":108},[48,149407,91],{"class":84},[48,149409,148961],{"class":87},[48,149411,102],{"class":84},[48,149413,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,149415,109],{"class":108},[48,149417,91],{"class":84},[48,149419,2921],{"class":1047},[48,149421,91],{"class":84},[48,149423,148961],{"class":87},[48,149425,1034],{"class":84},[20,149427,1037],{},[39,149429,149431],{"className":41,"code":149430,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149432,149433,149441],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149434,149435,149437,149439],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149436,91],{"class":84},[48,149438,1837],{"class":488},[48,149440,148892],{"class":84},[48,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149444,2990],{"class":58},[48,149446,2993],{"class":1767},[48,149448,2996],{"class":62},[48,149450,48660],{"class":66},[48,149452,3001],{"class":62},[48,149454,3004],{"class":58},[20,149456,16372],{},[39,149458,149460],{"className":41,"code":149459,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149461,149462],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149463,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149465,91],{"class":84},[48,149467,94],{"class":62},[48,149469,3785],{"class":66},[48,149471,94],{"class":62},[48,149473,148892],{"class":84},[20,149475,16360],{},[39,149477,149479],{"className":41,"code":149478,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149480,149481],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149482,149483,149485,149487,149489,149491],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149484,91],{"class":84},[48,149486,94],{"class":62},[48,149488,3785],{"class":66},[48,149490,94],{"class":62},[48,149492,102],{"class":84},[20,149494,149495],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[34,149497,149499],{"id":149498},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149501,149502],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1200,149504,56161],{"id":3353},[39,149506,149507],{"className":41,"code":149078,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,149508,149509,149529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149510,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149512,3321],{"class":54},[48,149514,59],{"class":58},[48,149516,8948],{"class":84},[48,149518,272],{"class":488},[48,149520,365],{"class":84},[48,149522,489],{"class":488},[48,149524,365],{"class":84},[48,149526,2152],{"class":488},[48,149528,102],{"class":84},[48,149530,149531,149533,149535,149537],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149532,109],{"class":108},[48,149534,91],{"class":84},[48,149536,3353],{"class":87},[48,149538,102],{"class":84},[1200,149540,56164],{"id":5015},[39,149542,149544],{"className":41,"code":149543,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149545,149546,149578],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149547,149548,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149549,12789],{"class":54},[48,149551,59],{"class":58},[48,149553,8948],{"class":84},[48,149555,94],{"class":62},[48,149557,12806],{"class":66},[48,149559,94],{"class":62},[48,149561,365],{"class":84},[48,149563,63],{"class":62},[48,149565,17173],{"class":66},[48,149567,94],{"class":62},[48,149569,365],{"class":84},[48,149571,63],{"class":62},[48,149573,12823],{"class":66},[48,149575,94],{"class":62},[48,149577,102],{"class":84},[48,149579,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149581,109],{"class":108},[48,149583,91],{"class":84},[48,149585,17220],{"class":87},[48,149587,102],{"class":84},[1200,149589,149591],{"id":149590},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[39,149593,149595],{"className":41,"code":149594,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149596,149597,149621],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149598,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149600,59171],{"class":54},[48,149602,59],{"class":58},[48,149604,8948],{"class":84},[48,149606,272],{"class":488},[48,149608,365],{"class":84},[48,149610,63],{"class":62},[48,149612,3785],{"class":66},[48,149614,94],{"class":62},[48,149616,365],{"class":84},[48,149618,3621],{"class":3556},[48,149620,102],{"class":84},[48,149622,149623,149625,149627,149629],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149624,109],{"class":108},[48,149626,91],{"class":84},[48,149628,59224],{"class":87},[48,149630,102],{"class":84},[1200,149632,149634],{"id":149633},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149636,149637],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[39,149639,149641],{"className":41,"code":149640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149642,149643,149684],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149644,149645,149648,149650,149652,149654,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149646,149647],{"class":54},"nested ",[48,149649,59],{"class":58},[48,149651,8948],{"class":84},[48,149653,272],{"class":488},[48,149655,365],{"class":84},[48,149657,8948],{"class":84},[48,149659,94],{"class":62},[48,149661,224],{"class":66},[48,149663,94],{"class":62},[48,149665,365],{"class":84},[48,149667,63],{"class":62},[48,149669,4466],{"class":66},[48,149671,94],{"class":62},[48,149673,8945],{"class":84},[48,149675,3326],{"class":84},[48,149677,2031],{"class":488},[48,149679,365],{"class":84},[48,149681,7500],{"class":488},[48,149683,3593],{"class":84},[48,149685,149686,149688,149690,149693],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149687,109],{"class":108},[48,149689,91],{"class":84},[48,149691,149692],{"class":87},"nested",[48,149694,102],{"class":84},[20,149696,1037],{},[39,149698,149700],{"className":41,"code":149699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149701,149702],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734,149736],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149705,91],{"class":84},[48,149707,272],{"class":488},[48,149709,365],{"class":84},[48,149711,8948],{"class":84},[48,149713,3001],{"class":62},[48,149715,224],{"class":66},[48,149717,3001],{"class":62},[48,149719,365],{"class":84},[48,149721,2996],{"class":62},[48,149723,4466],{"class":66},[48,149725,3001],{"class":62},[48,149727,8945],{"class":84},[48,149729,3326],{"class":84},[48,149731,2031],{"class":488},[48,149733,365],{"class":84},[48,149735,7500],{"class":488},[48,149737,3593],{"class":84},[34,149739,149741,149742],{"id":149740},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149743,37755],{},[20,149745,149746,149747,149749],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149748,37755],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149751,149752,149753,32],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[224,149754,62912],{"href":62911},[1200,149756,104931],{"id":104930},[39,149758,149760],{"className":41,"code":149759,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149761,149762,149784],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149763,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149765,3321],{"class":54},[48,149767,59],{"class":58},[48,149769,148902],{"class":1047},[48,149771,2684],{"class":84},[48,149773,272],{"class":488},[48,149775,365],{"class":84},[48,149777,489],{"class":488},[48,149779,365],{"class":84},[48,149781,2152],{"class":488},[48,149783,3593],{"class":84},[48,149785,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149787,109],{"class":108},[48,149789,91],{"class":84},[48,149791,3353],{"class":87},[48,149793,102],{"class":84},[20,149795,1037],{},[39,149797,149798],{"className":41,"code":149115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,149799,149800],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149803,91],{"class":84},[48,149805,272],{"class":488},[48,149807,365],{"class":84},[48,149809,489],{"class":488},[48,149811,365],{"class":84},[48,149813,2152],{"class":488},[48,149815,102],{"class":84},[1200,149817,105117],{"id":105116},[39,149819,149821],{"className":41,"code":149820,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149822,149823,149841],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149824,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149826,35800],{"class":54},[48,149828,59],{"class":58},[48,149830,148902],{"class":1047},[48,149832,91],{"class":84},[48,149834,94],{"class":62},[48,149836,41270],{"class":66},[48,149838,94],{"class":62},[48,149840,102],{"class":84},[48,149842,149843,149845,149847,149849],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149844,109],{"class":108},[48,149846,91],{"class":84},[48,149848,35853],{"class":87},[48,149850,102],{"class":84},[20,149852,1037],{},[39,149854,149856],{"className":41,"code":149855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149857,149858],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149859,149860,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149861,91],{"class":84},[48,149863,3001],{"class":62},[48,149865,224],{"class":66},[48,149867,3001],{"class":62},[48,149869,365],{"class":84},[48,149871,2996],{"class":62},[48,149873,4466],{"class":66},[48,149875,3001],{"class":62},[48,149877,365],{"class":84},[48,149879,2996],{"class":62},[48,149881,632],{"class":66},[48,149883,3001],{"class":62},[48,149885,102],{"class":84},[20,149887,149888],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1200,149890,149892],{"id":149891},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[39,149894,149896],{"className":41,"code":149895,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149897,149898,149916],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149899,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149901,3528],{"class":54},[48,149903,59],{"class":58},[48,149905,148902],{"class":1047},[48,149907,91],{"class":84},[48,149909,59697],{"class":108},[48,149911,91],{"class":84},[48,149913,907],{"class":488},[48,149915,1034],{"class":84},[48,149917,149918,149920,149922,149924],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,149919,109],{"class":108},[48,149921,91],{"class":84},[48,149923,5065],{"class":87},[48,149925,102],{"class":84},[20,149927,1037],{},[39,149929,149931],{"className":41,"code":149930,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149932,149933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149934,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149936,91],{"class":84},[48,149938,578],{"class":488},[48,149940,365],{"class":84},[48,149942,5204],{"class":488},[48,149944,365],{"class":84},[48,149946,489],{"class":488},[48,149948,365],{"class":84},[48,149950,2152],{"class":488},[48,149952,102],{"class":84},[20,149954,149955],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[34,149957,20517],{"id":20516},[162,149959,149960,149963,149966,149969],{},[165,149961,149962],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[165,149964,149965],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[165,149967,149968],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[165,149970,149971],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149973,149974,149975,32],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[224,149976,149978],{"href":149977},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[34,149980,1366],{"id":1365},[20,149982,149983],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1200,149985,149987],{"id":149986},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149989,149990],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[39,149992,149994],{"className":41,"code":149993,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149995,149996,150012],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,149997,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,149999,28254],{"class":54},[48,150001,59],{"class":58},[48,150003,8948],{"class":84},[48,150005,94],{"class":62},[48,150007,3785],{"class":66},[48,150009,94],{"class":62},[48,150011,102],{"class":84},[48,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150015,109],{"class":108},[48,150017,91],{"class":84},[48,150019,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150021,91],{"class":84},[48,150023,23026],{"class":87},[48,150025,1034],{"class":84},[20,150027,150028],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[39,150030,150032],{"className":41,"code":150031,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150033,150034,150050],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150035,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150037,28254],{"class":54},[48,150039,59],{"class":58},[48,150041,8948],{"class":84},[48,150043,94],{"class":62},[48,150045,3785],{"class":66},[48,150047,94],{"class":62},[48,150049,148892],{"class":84},[48,150051,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150053,109],{"class":108},[48,150055,91],{"class":84},[48,150057,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150059,91],{"class":84},[48,150061,23026],{"class":87},[48,150063,1034],{"class":84},[1200,150065,150067],{"id":150066},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150069,150070],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[39,150072,150074],{"className":41,"code":150073,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150075,150076,150096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150077,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150079,3528],{"class":54},[48,150081,59],{"class":58},[48,150083,3326],{"class":84},[48,150085,272],{"class":488},[48,150087,365],{"class":84},[48,150089,489],{"class":488},[48,150091,365],{"class":84},[48,150093,2152],{"class":488},[48,150095,3339],{"class":84},[48,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150099,109],{"class":108},[48,150101,91],{"class":84},[48,150103,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150105,91],{"class":84},[48,150107,5065],{"class":87},[48,150109,1034],{"class":84},[20,150111,150112],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[39,150114,150116],{"className":41,"code":150115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150117,150118,150138],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150119,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150121,3528],{"class":54},[48,150123,59],{"class":58},[48,150125,8948],{"class":84},[48,150127,272],{"class":488},[48,150129,365],{"class":84},[48,150131,489],{"class":488},[48,150133,365],{"class":84},[48,150135,2152],{"class":488},[48,150137,102],{"class":84},[48,150139,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150141,109],{"class":108},[48,150143,91],{"class":84},[48,150145,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150147,91],{"class":84},[48,150149,5065],{"class":87},[48,150151,1034],{"class":84},[1200,150153,150155],{"id":150154},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150157,149968],{},[39,150159,150161],{"className":41,"code":150160,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150162,150163,150183],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150164,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150166,3321],{"class":54},[48,150168,59],{"class":58},[48,150170,8948],{"class":84},[48,150172,272],{"class":488},[48,150174,365],{"class":84},[48,150176,489],{"class":488},[48,150178,365],{"class":84},[48,150180,2152],{"class":488},[48,150182,102],{"class":84},[48,150184,150185],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150186,150187],{"class":129},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150189,150190],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1200,150192,36914,150194,150197],{"id":150193},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150195,150196],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150199,64337],{},[39,150201,150202],{"className":41,"code":149820,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,150203,150204,150222],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150205,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150207,35800],{"class":54},[48,150209,59],{"class":58},[48,150211,148902],{"class":1047},[48,150213,91],{"class":84},[48,150215,94],{"class":62},[48,150217,41270],{"class":66},[48,150219,94],{"class":62},[48,150221,102],{"class":84},[48,150223,150224,150226,150228,150230],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150225,109],{"class":108},[48,150227,91],{"class":84},[48,150229,35853],{"class":87},[48,150231,102],{"class":84},[20,150233,150234],{},"gives:",[39,150236,150237],{"className":41,"code":149855,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,150238,150239],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150240,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150242,91],{"class":84},[48,150244,3001],{"class":62},[48,150246,224],{"class":66},[48,150248,3001],{"class":62},[48,150250,365],{"class":84},[48,150252,2996],{"class":62},[48,150254,4466],{"class":66},[48,150256,3001],{"class":62},[48,150258,365],{"class":84},[48,150260,2996],{"class":62},[48,150262,632],{"class":66},[48,150264,3001],{"class":62},[48,150266,102],{"class":84},[20,150268,150269],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[39,150271,150273],{"className":41,"code":150272,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150274,150275,150291],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150276,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150278,5862],{"class":54},[48,150280,59],{"class":58},[48,150282,8948],{"class":84},[48,150284,94],{"class":62},[48,150286,41270],{"class":66},[48,150288,94],{"class":62},[48,150290,148892],{"class":84},[48,150292,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150294,109],{"class":108},[48,150296,91],{"class":84},[48,150298,38100],{"class":87},[48,150300,102],{"class":84},[20,150302,1037],{},[39,150304,150306],{"className":41,"code":150305,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('abc',)\n",[15,150307,150308],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150309,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150311,91],{"class":84},[48,150313,3001],{"class":62},[48,150315,41270],{"class":66},[48,150317,3001],{"class":62},[48,150319,148892],{"class":84},[1200,150321,150323],{"id":150322},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150325,150326],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[39,150328,150330],{"className":41,"code":150329,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150331,150332,150349,150353,150363,150377],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150333,150334,150337,150339,150341,150343,150345,150347],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150335,150336],{"class":54},"my_tuple ",[48,150338,59],{"class":58},[48,150340,8948],{"class":84},[48,150342,94],{"class":62},[48,150344,3785],{"class":66},[48,150346,94],{"class":62},[48,150348,148892],{"class":84},[48,150350,150351],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150352,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,150354,150355,150357,150359,150361],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,150356,109],{"class":108},[48,150358,91],{"class":84},[48,150360,147554],{"class":87},[48,150362,102],{"class":84},[48,150364,150365,150367,150369,150371,150373,150375],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,150366,109],{"class":108},[48,150368,91],{"class":84},[48,150370,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150372,91],{"class":84},[48,150374,147554],{"class":87},[48,150376,1034],{"class":84},[48,150378,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,150380,109],{"class":108},[48,150382,91],{"class":84},[48,150384,10874],{"class":108},[48,150386,91],{"class":84},[48,150388,147554],{"class":87},[48,150390,1034],{"class":84},[34,150392,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,150394,150396],{"id":150395},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150398,150399,150400,150403],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150401,150402],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1200,150405,150407],{"id":150406},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150409,150410],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1200,150412,150414],{"id":150413},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150416,150417],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1200,150419,150421],{"id":150420},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150423,150424],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1200,150426,4849,150428,1543],{"id":150427},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150429,150196],{},[20,150431,4855,150432,150435],{},[15,150433,150434],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[34,150437,1599],{"id":1598},[162,150439,150440,150444,150448,150454,150459,150464,150468],{},[165,150441,150442],{},[224,150443,147536],{"href":147535},[165,150445,150446],{},[224,150447,149209],{"href":149208},[165,150449,150450],{},[224,150451,150453],{"href":150452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[165,150455,150456],{},[224,150457,150458],{"href":148774},"Python tuple length with len()",[165,150460,150461],{},[224,150462,150463],{"href":148839},"What is a tuple in Python?",[165,150465,150466],{},[224,150467,62912],{"href":62911},[165,150469,150470],{},[224,150471,150472],{"href":149977},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1633,150474,150475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":150477},[150478,150479,150480,150481,150482,150483,150489,150495,150496,150504,150512],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":149068,"depth":73,"text":149069},{"id":149212,"depth":73,"text":149213},{"id":149305,"depth":73,"text":149306},{"id":149498,"depth":73,"text":149499,"children":150484},[150485,150486,150487,150488],{"id":3353,"depth":105,"text":56161},{"id":5015,"depth":105,"text":56164},{"id":149590,"depth":105,"text":149591},{"id":149633,"depth":105,"text":149634},{"id":149740,"depth":73,"text":150490,"children":150491},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150492,150493,150494],{"id":104930,"depth":105,"text":104931},{"id":105116,"depth":105,"text":105117},{"id":149891,"depth":105,"text":149892},{"id":20516,"depth":73,"text":20517},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":150497},[150498,150499,150500,150501,150503],{"id":149986,"depth":105,"text":149987},{"id":150066,"depth":105,"text":150067},{"id":150154,"depth":105,"text":150155},{"id":150193,"depth":105,"text":150502},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150322,"depth":105,"text":150323},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":150505},[150506,150507,150508,150509,150510],{"id":150395,"depth":105,"text":150396},{"id":150406,"depth":105,"text":150407},{"id":150413,"depth":105,"text":150414},{"id":150420,"depth":105,"text":150421},{"id":150427,"depth":105,"text":150511},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148825,"description":150513},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150520,"title":150521,"body":150522,"description":152067,"extension":1666,"meta":152068,"navigation":122,"path":152069,"seo":152070,"stem":152071,"__hash__":152072},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150523,"toc":152037},[150524,150527,150532,150534,150547,150553,150555,150622,150624,150659,150664,150668,150672,150674,150685,150693,150695,150697,150718,150720,150740,150743,150745,150750,150793,150795,150817,150820,150833,150837,150841,150844,150897,150899,150920,150925,150929,150932,150977,150979,151012,151024,151028,151036,151073,151075,151104,151108,151111,151164,151166,151186,151193,151197,151202,151271,151273,151298,151302,151305,151311,151388,151390,151449,151451,151463,151468,151472,151476,151490,151492,151527,151529,151546,151549,151562,151566,151570,151581,151586,151601,151604,151607,151609,151612,151616,151618,151632,151634,151658,151663,151667,151670,151689,151692,151741,151746,151763,151766,151799,151803,151805,151856,151859,151884,151887,151910,151914,151920,151922,151957,151960,151965,151967,151971,151974,151978,151983,151987,151990,151994,151997,152001,152006,152008,152034],[10,150525,150521],{"id":150526},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150528,8834,150529,150531],{},[15,150530,37755],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150533,82273],{},[162,150535,150536,150541],{},[165,150537,150538,150540],{},[15,150539,37755],{}," creates an empty tuple",[165,150542,150543,150546],{},[15,150544,150545],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150548,150549,150550,150552],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150551,37755],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[34,150554,37],{"id":36},[39,150556,150558],{"className":41,"code":150557,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150559,150560,150580,150594,150598,150608],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150561,150562,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150563,3321],{"class":54},[48,150565,59],{"class":58},[48,150567,3326],{"class":84},[48,150569,272],{"class":488},[48,150571,365],{"class":84},[48,150573,489],{"class":488},[48,150575,365],{"class":84},[48,150577,2152],{"class":488},[48,150579,3339],{"class":84},[48,150581,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150583,1929],{"class":54},[48,150585,59],{"class":58},[48,150587,148902],{"class":1047},[48,150589,91],{"class":84},[48,150591,3353],{"class":87},[48,150593,102],{"class":84},[48,150595,150596],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,150597,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,150599,150600,150602,150604,150606],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,150601,109],{"class":108},[48,150603,91],{"class":84},[48,150605,1964],{"class":87},[48,150607,102],{"class":84},[48,150609,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,150611,109],{"class":108},[48,150613,91],{"class":84},[48,150615,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150617,91],{"class":84},[48,150619,1964],{"class":87},[48,150621,1034],{"class":84},[20,150623,1037],{},[39,150625,150627],{"className":41,"code":150626,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150628,150629,150645],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150630,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150632,91],{"class":84},[48,150634,272],{"class":488},[48,150636,365],{"class":84},[48,150638,489],{"class":488},[48,150640,365],{"class":84},[48,150642,2152],{"class":488},[48,150644,102],{"class":84},[48,150646,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655,150657],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150648,2990],{"class":58},[48,150650,2993],{"class":1767},[48,150652,2996],{"class":62},[48,150654,48660],{"class":66},[48,150656,3001],{"class":62},[48,150658,3004],{"class":58},[20,150660,139,150661,150663],{},[15,150662,150545],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[34,150665,150667],{"id":150666},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150669,150670,62620],{},[15,150671,37755],{},[20,150673,48634],{},[162,150675,150676,150679,150682],{},[165,150677,150678],{},"creates a tuple object",[165,150680,150681],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[165,150683,150684],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150686,150687,150688,150690,150691,32],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[224,150689,148840],{"href":148839}," or the full guide to ",[224,150692,147536],{"href":147535},[34,150694,340],{"id":339},[20,150696,26203],{},[39,150698,150700],{"className":41,"code":150699,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150701,150702,150708],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150703,150704,150706],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150705,48660],{"class":1047},[48,150707,8353],{"class":84},[48,150709,150710,150712,150714,150716],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150711,48660],{"class":1047},[48,150713,91],{"class":84},[48,150715,3425],{"class":87},[48,150717,102],{"class":84},[20,150719,11170],{},[162,150721,150722,150725],{},[165,150723,150724],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[165,150726,150727,150728],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[162,150729,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738],{},[165,150731,5006],{},[165,150733,5015],{},[165,150735,62691],{},[165,150737,5012],{},[165,150739,6959],{},[20,150741,150742],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[34,150744,149213],{"id":149212},[20,150746,29365,150747,150749],{},[15,150748,37755],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[39,150751,150753],{"className":41,"code":150752,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150754,150755,150765,150769,150779],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150756,150757,150759,150761,150763],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150758,124528],{"class":54},[48,150760,59],{"class":58},[48,150762,148902],{"class":1047},[48,150764,8353],{"class":84},[48,150766,150767],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150768,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,150770,150771,150773,150775,150777],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,150772,109],{"class":108},[48,150774,91],{"class":84},[48,150776,124579],{"class":87},[48,150778,102],{"class":84},[48,150780,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,150782,109],{"class":108},[48,150784,91],{"class":84},[48,150786,2921],{"class":1047},[48,150788,91],{"class":84},[48,150790,124579],{"class":87},[48,150792,1034],{"class":84},[20,150794,1037],{},[39,150796,150797],{"className":41,"code":149258,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,150798,150799,150803],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150800,150801],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150802,8353],{"class":84},[48,150804,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150806,2990],{"class":58},[48,150808,2993],{"class":1767},[48,150810,2996],{"class":62},[48,150812,48660],{"class":66},[48,150814,3001],{"class":62},[48,150816,3004],{"class":58},[20,150818,150819],{},"This is equivalent to:",[39,150821,150823],{"className":41,"code":150822,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty = ()\n",[15,150824,150825],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150826,150827,150829,150831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150828,124528],{"class":54},[48,150830,59],{"class":58},[48,150832,148878],{"class":84},[34,150834,150836],{"id":150835},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1200,150838,150840],{"id":150839},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150842,150843],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[39,150845,150847],{"className":41,"code":150846,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150848,150849,150869,150883,150887],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150850,150851,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150852,3321],{"class":54},[48,150854,59],{"class":58},[48,150856,3326],{"class":84},[48,150858,2031],{"class":488},[48,150860,365],{"class":84},[48,150862,7500],{"class":488},[48,150864,365],{"class":84},[48,150866,7505],{"class":488},[48,150868,3339],{"class":84},[48,150870,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150872,1929],{"class":54},[48,150874,59],{"class":58},[48,150876,148902],{"class":1047},[48,150878,91],{"class":84},[48,150880,3353],{"class":87},[48,150882,102],{"class":84},[48,150884,150885],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,150886,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,150888,150889,150891,150893,150895],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,150890,109],{"class":108},[48,150892,91],{"class":84},[48,150894,1964],{"class":87},[48,150896,102],{"class":84},[20,150898,1037],{},[39,150900,150902],{"className":41,"code":150901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150903,150904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150905,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150907,91],{"class":84},[48,150909,2031],{"class":488},[48,150911,365],{"class":84},[48,150913,7500],{"class":488},[48,150915,365],{"class":84},[48,150917,7505],{"class":488},[48,150919,102],{"class":84},[20,150921,150922,150923,32],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[224,150924,104736],{"href":59754},[1200,150926,150928],{"id":150927},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150930,150931],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[39,150933,150935],{"className":41,"code":150934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150936,150937,150949,150963,150967],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150940,55],{"class":54},[48,150942,59],{"class":58},[48,150944,63],{"class":62},[48,150946,607],{"class":66},[48,150948,70],{"class":62},[48,150950,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959,150961],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,150952,1929],{"class":54},[48,150954,59],{"class":58},[48,150956,148902],{"class":1047},[48,150958,91],{"class":84},[48,150960,213],{"class":87},[48,150962,102],{"class":84},[48,150964,150965],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,150966,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,150968,150969,150971,150973,150975],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,150970,109],{"class":108},[48,150972,91],{"class":84},[48,150974,1964],{"class":87},[48,150976,102],{"class":84},[20,150978,1037],{},[39,150980,150982],{"className":41,"code":150981,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150983,150984],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,150985,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008,151010],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,150987,91],{"class":84},[48,150989,3001],{"class":62},[48,150991,632],{"class":66},[48,150993,3001],{"class":62},[48,150995,365],{"class":84},[48,150997,2996],{"class":62},[48,150999,224],{"class":66},[48,151001,3001],{"class":62},[48,151003,365],{"class":84},[48,151005,2996],{"class":62},[48,151007,436],{"class":66},[48,151009,3001],{"class":62},[48,151011,102],{"class":84},[20,151013,151014,151015,13768,151018,151020,151021,32],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151016,151017],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[565,151019,1055],{}," create ",[15,151022,151023],{},"('cat',)",[1200,151025,151027],{"id":151026},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151029,151030,151032,151033,151035],{},[15,151031,35908],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151034,37755],{}," collects them all.",[39,151037,151039],{"className":41,"code":151038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151040,151041,151059,151063],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151042,151043,151045,151047,151049,151051,151053,151055,151057],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151044,1929],{"class":54},[48,151046,59],{"class":58},[48,151048,148902],{"class":1047},[48,151050,91],{"class":84},[48,151052,59697],{"class":108},[48,151054,91],{"class":84},[48,151056,1837],{"class":488},[48,151058,1034],{"class":84},[48,151060,151061],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151062,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,151064,151065,151067,151069,151071],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,151066,109],{"class":108},[48,151068,91],{"class":84},[48,151070,1964],{"class":87},[48,151072,102],{"class":84},[20,151074,1037],{},[39,151076,151078],{"className":41,"code":151077,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151079,151080],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151081,151082,151084,151086,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151083,91],{"class":84},[48,151085,578],{"class":488},[48,151087,365],{"class":84},[48,151089,5204],{"class":488},[48,151091,365],{"class":84},[48,151093,489],{"class":488},[48,151095,365],{"class":84},[48,151097,2152],{"class":488},[48,151099,365],{"class":84},[48,151101,878],{"class":488},[48,151103,102],{"class":84},[1200,151105,151107],{"id":151106},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151109,151110],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[39,151112,151114],{"className":41,"code":151113,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151115,151116,151136,151150,151154],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151117,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151119,3528],{"class":54},[48,151121,59],{"class":58},[48,151123,10203],{"class":84},[48,151125,272],{"class":488},[48,151127,365],{"class":84},[48,151129,489],{"class":488},[48,151131,365],{"class":84},[48,151133,2152],{"class":488},[48,151135,9021],{"class":84},[48,151137,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151139,1929],{"class":54},[48,151141,59],{"class":58},[48,151143,148902],{"class":1047},[48,151145,91],{"class":84},[48,151147,5065],{"class":87},[48,151149,102],{"class":84},[48,151151,151152],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,151153,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,151155,151156,151158,151160,151162],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,151157,109],{"class":108},[48,151159,91],{"class":84},[48,151161,1964],{"class":87},[48,151163,102],{"class":84},[20,151165,1037],{},[39,151167,151168],{"className":41,"code":149115,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151169,151170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151171,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151173,91],{"class":84},[48,151175,272],{"class":488},[48,151177,365],{"class":84},[48,151179,489],{"class":488},[48,151181,365],{"class":84},[48,151183,2152],{"class":488},[48,151185,102],{"class":84},[20,151187,151188,151189,32],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[224,151190,151192],{"href":151191},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1200,151194,151196],{"id":151195},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151198,63233,151199,151201],{},[15,151200,37755],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[39,151203,151205],{"className":41,"code":151204,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151206,151207,151243,151257,151261],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151208,151209,151211,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151210,12918],{"class":54},[48,151212,59],{"class":58},[48,151214,10203],{"class":84},[48,151216,94],{"class":62},[48,151218,7377],{"class":66},[48,151220,94],{"class":62},[48,151222,503],{"class":84},[48,151224,63],{"class":62},[48,151226,12594],{"class":66},[48,151228,94],{"class":62},[48,151230,365],{"class":84},[48,151232,63],{"class":62},[48,151234,9011],{"class":66},[48,151236,94],{"class":62},[48,151238,503],{"class":84},[48,151240,9018],{"class":488},[48,151242,9021],{"class":84},[48,151244,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151246,1929],{"class":54},[48,151248,59],{"class":58},[48,151250,148902],{"class":1047},[48,151252,91],{"class":84},[48,151254,17024],{"class":87},[48,151256,102],{"class":84},[48,151258,151259],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,151260,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,151262,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,151264,109],{"class":108},[48,151266,91],{"class":84},[48,151268,1964],{"class":87},[48,151270,102],{"class":84},[20,151272,29742],{},[39,151274,151276],{"className":41,"code":151275,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151277,151278],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151279,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292,151294,151296],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151281,91],{"class":84},[48,151283,3001],{"class":62},[48,151285,7377],{"class":66},[48,151287,3001],{"class":62},[48,151289,365],{"class":84},[48,151291,2996],{"class":62},[48,151293,9011],{"class":66},[48,151295,3001],{"class":62},[48,151297,102],{"class":84},[34,151299,151301],{"id":151300},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151303,151304],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151306,151307,151310],{},[15,151308,151309],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[39,151312,151314],{"className":41,"code":151313,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151315,151316,151352,151356,151370],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151319,12918],{"class":54},[48,151321,59],{"class":58},[48,151323,10203],{"class":84},[48,151325,94],{"class":62},[48,151327,7377],{"class":66},[48,151329,94],{"class":62},[48,151331,503],{"class":84},[48,151333,63],{"class":62},[48,151335,12594],{"class":66},[48,151337,94],{"class":62},[48,151339,365],{"class":84},[48,151341,63],{"class":62},[48,151343,9011],{"class":66},[48,151345,94],{"class":62},[48,151347,503],{"class":84},[48,151349,9018],{"class":488},[48,151351,9021],{"class":84},[48,151353,151354],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,151357,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366,151368],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,151359,109],{"class":108},[48,151361,91],{"class":84},[48,151363,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151365,91],{"class":84},[48,151367,17024],{"class":87},[48,151369,1034],{"class":84},[48,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,151373,109],{"class":108},[48,151375,91],{"class":84},[48,151377,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151379,91],{"class":84},[48,151381,17024],{"class":87},[48,151383,32],{"class":84},[48,151385,7520],{"class":87},[48,151387,5998],{"class":84},[20,151389,1037],{},[39,151391,151393],{"className":41,"code":151392,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151394,151395,151415],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151398,91],{"class":84},[48,151400,3001],{"class":62},[48,151402,7377],{"class":66},[48,151404,3001],{"class":62},[48,151406,365],{"class":84},[48,151408,2996],{"class":62},[48,151410,9011],{"class":66},[48,151412,3001],{"class":62},[48,151414,102],{"class":84},[48,151416,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445,151447],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151418,5217],{"class":84},[48,151420,3001],{"class":62},[48,151422,7377],{"class":66},[48,151424,3001],{"class":62},[48,151426,365],{"class":84},[48,151428,2996],{"class":62},[48,151430,12594],{"class":66},[48,151432,3001],{"class":62},[48,151434,8945],{"class":84},[48,151436,8948],{"class":84},[48,151438,3001],{"class":62},[48,151440,9011],{"class":66},[48,151442,3001],{"class":62},[48,151444,365],{"class":84},[48,151446,9018],{"class":488},[48,151448,1034],{"class":84},[20,151450,18412],{},[162,151452,151453,151458],{},[165,151454,151455,151457],{},[15,151456,151309],{}," for keys",[165,151459,151460,32269],{},[15,151461,151462],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151464,151465,151466,32],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[224,151467,63243],{"href":63242},[34,151469,151471],{"id":151470},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151473,151474,18036],{},[15,151475,37755],{},[162,151477,151478,151481,151484,151487],{},[165,151479,151480],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[165,151482,151483],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[165,151485,151486],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[165,151488,151489],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151491,182],{},[39,151493,151495],{"className":41,"code":151494,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151496,151497,151516],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151498,151499,151502,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151500,151501],{"class":54},"coordinates ",[48,151503,59],{"class":58},[48,151505,148902],{"class":1047},[48,151507,2684],{"class":84},[48,151509,907],{"class":488},[48,151511,365],{"class":84},[48,151513,5701],{"class":488},[48,151515,3593],{"class":84},[48,151517,151518,151520,151522,151525],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151519,109],{"class":108},[48,151521,91],{"class":84},[48,151523,151524],{"class":87},"coordinates",[48,151526,102],{"class":84},[20,151528,1037],{},[39,151530,151532],{"className":41,"code":151531,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151533,151534],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151537,91],{"class":84},[48,151539,907],{"class":488},[48,151541,365],{"class":84},[48,151543,5701],{"class":488},[48,151545,102],{"class":84},[20,151547,151548],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[162,151550,151551,151553,151556,151559],{},[165,151552,151524],{},[165,151554,151555],{},"RGB colors",[165,151557,151558],{},"dates",[165,151560,151561],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[34,151563,151565],{"id":151564},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151567,44135,151568,10313],{},[15,151569,37755],{},[162,151571,151572,151575,151578],{},[165,151573,151574],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[165,151576,151577],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[165,151579,151580],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151582,116163,151583,151585],{},[565,151584,1055],{}," work:",[39,151587,151589],{"className":41,"code":151588,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151590,151591],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151592,151593,151595,151597,151599],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151594,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151596,91],{"class":84},[48,151598,1837],{"class":488},[48,151600,102],{"class":84},[20,151602,151603],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151605,151606],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[34,151608,115001],{"id":115000},[20,151610,151611],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1200,151613,151615],{"id":151614},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151617,2535],{},[39,151619,151620],{"className":41,"code":151588,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151621,151622],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151623,151624,151626,151628,151630],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151625,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151627,91],{"class":84},[48,151629,1837],{"class":488},[48,151631,102],{"class":84},[20,151633,29396],{},[39,151635,151636],{"className":41,"code":63347,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,151637,151638],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151639,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652,151654,151656],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151641,2703],{"class":1047},[48,151643,503],{"class":84},[48,151645,2996],{"class":62},[48,151647,1887],{"class":66},[48,151649,3001],{"class":62},[48,151651,24333],{"class":1047},[48,151653,7807],{"class":58},[48,151655,7810],{"class":58},[48,151657,63370],{"class":54},[20,151659,151660,151661,32],{},"If you see this, read ",[224,151662,61986],{"href":52300},[1200,151664,151666],{"id":151665},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151668,151669],{},"This code:",[39,151671,151673],{"className":41,"code":151672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151674,151675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151676,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151678,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151680,91],{"class":84},[48,151682,94],{"class":62},[48,151684,1008],{"class":66},[48,151686,94],{"class":62},[48,151688,102],{"class":84},[20,151690,151691],{},"returns:",[39,151693,151695],{"className":41,"code":151694,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151696,151697],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151698,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151700,91],{"class":84},[48,151702,3001],{"class":62},[48,151704,60136],{"class":66},[48,151706,3001],{"class":62},[48,151708,365],{"class":84},[48,151710,2996],{"class":62},[48,151712,1247],{"class":66},[48,151714,3001],{"class":62},[48,151716,365],{"class":84},[48,151718,2996],{"class":62},[48,151720,60153],{"class":66},[48,151722,3001],{"class":62},[48,151724,365],{"class":84},[48,151726,2996],{"class":62},[48,151728,60153],{"class":66},[48,151730,3001],{"class":62},[48,151732,365],{"class":84},[48,151734,2996],{"class":62},[48,151736,60170],{"class":66},[48,151738,3001],{"class":62},[48,151740,102],{"class":84},[20,151742,40615,151743,151745],{},[565,151744,1055],{}," return:",[39,151747,151749],{"className":41,"code":151748,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('hello',)\n",[15,151750,151751],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151752,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151754,91],{"class":84},[48,151756,3001],{"class":62},[48,151758,1008],{"class":66},[48,151760,3001],{"class":62},[48,151762,148892],{"class":84},[20,151764,151765],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[39,151767,151769],{"className":41,"code":151768,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151770,151771,151788],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151772,151773,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151774,151775],{"class":54},"single ",[48,151777,59],{"class":58},[48,151779,8948],{"class":84},[48,151781,94],{"class":62},[48,151783,1008],{"class":66},[48,151785,94],{"class":62},[48,151787,148892],{"class":84},[48,151789,151790,151792,151794,151797],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151791,109],{"class":108},[48,151793,91],{"class":84},[48,151795,151796],{"class":87},"single",[48,151798,102],{"class":84},[1200,151800,151802],{"id":151801},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151804,151669],{},[39,151806,151808],{"className":41,"code":151807,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151809,151810,151842],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151811,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151813,8877],{"class":54},[48,151815,59],{"class":58},[48,151817,10203],{"class":84},[48,151819,94],{"class":62},[48,151821,224],{"class":66},[48,151823,94],{"class":62},[48,151825,503],{"class":84},[48,151827,5204],{"class":488},[48,151829,365],{"class":84},[48,151831,63],{"class":62},[48,151833,4466],{"class":66},[48,151835,94],{"class":62},[48,151837,503],{"class":84},[48,151839,489],{"class":488},[48,151841,9021],{"class":84},[48,151843,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151845,109],{"class":108},[48,151847,91],{"class":84},[48,151849,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151851,91],{"class":84},[48,151853,8916],{"class":87},[48,151855,1034],{"class":84},[20,151857,151858],{},"returns only the keys:",[39,151860,151862],{"className":41,"code":151861,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151863,151864],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151865,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151867,91],{"class":84},[48,151869,3001],{"class":62},[48,151871,224],{"class":66},[48,151873,3001],{"class":62},[48,151875,365],{"class":84},[48,151877,2996],{"class":62},[48,151879,4466],{"class":66},[48,151881,3001],{"class":62},[48,151883,102],{"class":84},[20,151885,151886],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[39,151888,151890],{"className":41,"code":151889,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151891,151892],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151893,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902,151904,151906,151908],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151895,109],{"class":108},[48,151897,91],{"class":84},[48,151899,48660],{"class":1047},[48,151901,91],{"class":84},[48,151903,8916],{"class":87},[48,151905,32],{"class":84},[48,151907,7520],{"class":87},[48,151909,5998],{"class":84},[1200,151911,151913],{"id":151912},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151915,151916,151917,151919],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151918,37755],{}," conversion.",[20,151921,5178],{},[39,151923,151925],{"className":41,"code":151924,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151926,151927,151947],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,151928,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939,151941,151943,151945],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,151930,2147],{"class":54},[48,151932,59],{"class":58},[48,151934,8948],{"class":84},[48,151936,272],{"class":488},[48,151938,365],{"class":84},[48,151940,489],{"class":488},[48,151942,365],{"class":84},[48,151944,2152],{"class":488},[48,151946,102],{"class":84},[48,151948,151949,151951,151953,151955],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,151950,109],{"class":108},[48,151952,91],{"class":84},[48,151954,362],{"class":87},[48,151956,102],{"class":84},[20,151958,151959],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151961,25222,151962,151964],{},[15,151963,37755],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[34,151966,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,151968,151970],{"id":151969},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151972,151973],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1200,151975,151977],{"id":151976},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151979,151980,151981,32],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151982,7074],{},[1200,151984,151986],{"id":151985},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151988,151989],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1200,151991,151993],{"id":151992},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151995,151996],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1200,151998,152000],{"id":151999},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152002,152003,152004,32],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152005,2703],{},[34,152007,1599],{"id":1598},[162,152009,152010,152014,152018,152022,152026,152030],{},[165,152011,152012],{},[224,152013,147536],{"href":147535},[165,152015,152016],{},[224,152017,150463],{"href":148839},[165,152019,152020],{},[224,152021,104736],{"href":59754},[165,152023,152024],{},[224,152025,151192],{"href":151191},[165,152027,152028],{},[224,152029,63243],{"href":63242},[165,152031,152032],{},[224,152033,61986],{"href":52300},[1633,152035,152036],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":152038},[152039,152040,152041,152042,152043,152050,152051,152052,152053,152059,152066],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":150666,"depth":73,"text":150667},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":149212,"depth":73,"text":149213},{"id":150835,"depth":73,"text":150836,"children":152044},[152045,152046,152047,152048,152049],{"id":150839,"depth":105,"text":150840},{"id":150927,"depth":105,"text":150928},{"id":151026,"depth":105,"text":151027},{"id":151106,"depth":105,"text":151107},{"id":151195,"depth":105,"text":151196},{"id":151300,"depth":73,"text":151301},{"id":151470,"depth":73,"text":151471},{"id":151564,"depth":73,"text":151565},{"id":115000,"depth":73,"text":115001,"children":152054},[152055,152056,152057,152058],{"id":151614,"depth":105,"text":151615},{"id":151665,"depth":105,"text":151666},{"id":151801,"depth":105,"text":151802},{"id":151912,"depth":105,"text":151913},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":152060},[152061,152062,152063,152064,152065],{"id":151969,"depth":105,"text":151970},{"id":151976,"depth":105,"text":151977},{"id":151985,"depth":105,"text":151986},{"id":151992,"depth":105,"text":151993},{"id":151999,"depth":105,"text":152000},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150521,"description":152067},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152074,"title":152075,"body":152076,"description":153489,"extension":1666,"meta":153490,"navigation":122,"path":153491,"seo":153492,"stem":153493,"__hash__":153494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152077,"toc":153461},[152078,152083,152088,152091,152093,152172,152178,152183,152187,152202,152204,152251,152253,152261,152269,152275,152277,152282,152302,152305,152332,152334,152358,152360,152502,152504,152508,152516,152519,152521,152598,152600,152608,152612,152616,152626,152636,152638,152643,152645,152704,152709,152711,152811,152813,152827,152832,152838,152845,152848,152850,152960,152964,152981,152983,153046,153048,153056,153068,153072,153077,153105,153108,153190,153192,153203,153205,153209,153236,153238,153240,153320,153328,153330,153385,153387,153392,153395,153399,153403,153405,153409,153413,153421,153428,153431,153433,153458],[10,152079,147420,152081,18],{"id":152080},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152082,17],{},[20,152084,152085,152087],{},[15,152086,148741],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152089,152090],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[34,152092,37],{"id":36},[39,152094,152096],{"className":41,"code":152095,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152097,152098,152138,152160],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152099,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152101,12789],{"class":54},[48,152103,59],{"class":58},[48,152105,8948],{"class":84},[48,152107,94],{"class":62},[48,152109,12806],{"class":66},[48,152111,94],{"class":62},[48,152113,365],{"class":84},[48,152115,63],{"class":62},[48,152117,12823],{"class":66},[48,152119,94],{"class":62},[48,152121,365],{"class":84},[48,152123,63],{"class":62},[48,152125,17173],{"class":66},[48,152127,94],{"class":62},[48,152129,365],{"class":84},[48,152131,63],{"class":62},[48,152133,12823],{"class":66},[48,152135,94],{"class":62},[48,152137,102],{"class":84},[48,152139,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152141,76],{"class":54},[48,152143,59],{"class":58},[48,152145,12837],{"class":54},[48,152147,32],{"class":84},[48,152149,88],{"class":87},[48,152151,91],{"class":84},[48,152153,94],{"class":62},[48,152155,12823],{"class":66},[48,152157,94],{"class":62},[48,152159,102],{"class":84},[48,152161,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,152163,109],{"class":108},[48,152165,91],{"class":84},[48,152167,114],{"class":87},[48,152169,3366],{"class":84},[48,152171,664],{"class":129},[20,152173,152174,152177],{},[15,152175,152176],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[34,152179,148,152181,152],{"id":152180},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152182,148741],{},[20,152184,765,152185,11125],{},[15,152186,17],{},[162,152188,152189,152192,152194,152197],{},[165,152190,152191],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[165,152193,128142],{},[165,152195,152196],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[165,152198,152199,152200],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152201,578],{},[20,152203,182],{},[39,152205,152207],{"className":41,"code":152206,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152208,152209,152233],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152210,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152212,3321],{"class":54},[48,152214,59],{"class":58},[48,152216,8948],{"class":84},[48,152218,2031],{"class":488},[48,152220,365],{"class":84},[48,152222,7500],{"class":488},[48,152224,365],{"class":84},[48,152226,7505],{"class":488},[48,152228,365],{"class":84},[48,152230,7500],{"class":488},[48,152232,102],{"class":84},[48,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152236,109],{"class":108},[48,152238,91],{"class":84},[48,152240,3353],{"class":87},[48,152242,32],{"class":84},[48,152244,88],{"class":87},[48,152246,91],{"class":84},[48,152248,15470],{"class":488},[48,152250,1034],{"class":84},[20,152252,1037],{},[39,152254,152255],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,152256,152257],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152258,152259],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152260,46623],{"class":488},[20,152262,741,152263,152265,152266,152268],{},[15,152264,15470],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152267,17],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152270,150687,152271,32],{},[224,152272,152274],{"href":152273},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[34,152276,340],{"id":339},[20,152278,7472,152279,152281],{},[15,152280,17],{}," in two ways:",[39,152283,152285],{"className":41,"code":152284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152286,152287],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152288,152289,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152290,152291],{"class":54},"tuple_name",[48,152293,32],{"class":84},[48,152295,88],{"class":87},[48,152297,91],{"class":84},[48,152299,362],{"class":87},[48,152301,102],{"class":84},[20,152303,152304],{},"or:",[39,152306,152308],{"className":41,"code":152307,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152309,152310],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152311,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152313,152291],{"class":54},[48,152315,32],{"class":84},[48,152317,88],{"class":87},[48,152319,91],{"class":84},[48,152321,362],{"class":87},[48,152323,365],{"class":84},[48,152325,368],{"class":87},[48,152327,365],{"class":84},[48,152329,373],{"class":87},[48,152331,102],{"class":84},[1200,152333,17112],{"id":17111},[162,152335,152336,152341,152346,152351],{},[165,152337,152338,152340],{},[15,152339,362],{}," — the item to search for",[165,152342,152343,152345],{},[15,152344,390],{}," — optional starting position",[165,152347,152348,152350],{},[15,152349,396],{}," — optional ending position",[165,152352,152353,4489,152355,152357],{},[15,152354,396],{},[565,152356,64760],{}," in the search",[20,152359,182],{},[39,152361,152363],{"className":41,"code":152362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152364,152365,152413,152417,152442,152470],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152366,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152368,35800],{"class":54},[48,152370,59],{"class":58},[48,152372,8948],{"class":84},[48,152374,94],{"class":62},[48,152376,224],{"class":66},[48,152378,94],{"class":62},[48,152380,365],{"class":84},[48,152382,63],{"class":62},[48,152384,4466],{"class":66},[48,152386,94],{"class":62},[48,152388,365],{"class":84},[48,152390,63],{"class":62},[48,152392,632],{"class":66},[48,152394,94],{"class":62},[48,152396,365],{"class":84},[48,152398,63],{"class":62},[48,152400,4466],{"class":66},[48,152402,94],{"class":62},[48,152404,365],{"class":84},[48,152406,63],{"class":62},[48,152408,18485],{"class":66},[48,152410,94],{"class":62},[48,152412,102],{"class":84},[48,152414,152415],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152416,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,152418,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,152420,109],{"class":108},[48,152422,91],{"class":84},[48,152424,35853],{"class":87},[48,152426,32],{"class":84},[48,152428,88],{"class":87},[48,152430,91],{"class":84},[48,152432,94],{"class":62},[48,152434,4466],{"class":66},[48,152436,94],{"class":62},[48,152438,229],{"class":84},[48,152440,152441],{"class":129},"        # 1\n",[48,152443,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,152445,109],{"class":108},[48,152447,91],{"class":84},[48,152449,35853],{"class":87},[48,152451,32],{"class":84},[48,152453,88],{"class":87},[48,152455,91],{"class":84},[48,152457,94],{"class":62},[48,152459,4466],{"class":66},[48,152461,94],{"class":62},[48,152463,365],{"class":84},[48,152465,489],{"class":488},[48,152467,229],{"class":84},[48,152469,50624],{"class":129},[48,152471,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,152473,109],{"class":108},[48,152475,91],{"class":84},[48,152477,35853],{"class":87},[48,152479,32],{"class":84},[48,152481,88],{"class":87},[48,152483,91],{"class":84},[48,152485,94],{"class":62},[48,152487,4466],{"class":66},[48,152489,94],{"class":62},[48,152491,365],{"class":84},[48,152493,5204],{"class":488},[48,152495,365],{"class":84},[48,152497,2152],{"class":488},[48,152499,229],{"class":84},[48,152501,664],{"class":129},[34,152503,103063],{"id":103062},[20,152505,152506,25225],{},[15,152507,148741],{},[162,152509,152510,152513],{},[165,152511,152512],{},"An integer",[165,152514,152515],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152517,152518],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152520,182],{},[39,152522,152524],{"className":41,"code":152523,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152525,152526,152566,152588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152527,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152529,108162],{"class":54},[48,152531,59],{"class":58},[48,152533,8948],{"class":84},[48,152535,94],{"class":62},[48,152537,607],{"class":66},[48,152539,94],{"class":62},[48,152541,365],{"class":84},[48,152543,63],{"class":62},[48,152545,57827],{"class":66},[48,152547,94],{"class":62},[48,152549,365],{"class":84},[48,152551,63],{"class":62},[48,152553,57844],{"class":66},[48,152555,94],{"class":62},[48,152557,365],{"class":84},[48,152559,63],{"class":62},[48,152561,57827],{"class":66},[48,152563,94],{"class":62},[48,152565,102],{"class":84},[48,152567,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152569,1929],{"class":54},[48,152571,59],{"class":58},[48,152573,108205],{"class":54},[48,152575,32],{"class":84},[48,152577,88],{"class":87},[48,152579,91],{"class":84},[48,152581,94],{"class":62},[48,152583,57827],{"class":66},[48,152585,94],{"class":62},[48,152587,102],{"class":84},[48,152589,152590,152592,152594,152596],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,152591,109],{"class":108},[48,152593,91],{"class":84},[48,152595,1964],{"class":87},[48,152597,102],{"class":84},[20,152599,1037],{},[39,152601,152602],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,152603,152604],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152605,152606],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152607,46623],{"class":488},[34,152609,152611],{"id":152610},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152613,139,152614,10313],{},[15,152615,148741],{},[162,152617,152618,152620,152623],{},[165,152619,65785],{},[165,152621,152622],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[165,152624,152625],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152627,152628,152629,152632,152633,32],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152630,152631],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[224,152634,149209],{"href":152635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[34,152637,65319],{"id":65318},[20,152639,152640,152641,32],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152642,31],{},[20,152644,182],{},[39,152646,152648],{"className":41,"code":152647,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152649,152650,152682],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152651,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152653,12789],{"class":54},[48,152655,59],{"class":58},[48,152657,8948],{"class":84},[48,152659,94],{"class":62},[48,152661,12806],{"class":66},[48,152663,94],{"class":62},[48,152665,365],{"class":84},[48,152667,63],{"class":62},[48,152669,12823],{"class":66},[48,152671,94],{"class":62},[48,152673,365],{"class":84},[48,152675,63],{"class":62},[48,152677,17173],{"class":66},[48,152679,94],{"class":62},[48,152681,102],{"class":84},[48,152683,152684,152686,152688,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152685,109],{"class":108},[48,152687,91],{"class":84},[48,152689,17220],{"class":87},[48,152691,32],{"class":84},[48,152693,88],{"class":87},[48,152695,91],{"class":84},[48,152697,94],{"class":62},[48,152699,22239],{"class":66},[48,152701,94],{"class":62},[48,152703,1034],{"class":84},[20,152705,39363,152706,152708],{},[15,152707,109487],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152710,65394],{},[39,152712,152714],{"className":41,"code":152713,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152715,152716,152748,152752,152768,152790,152796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152717,152718,152720,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152719,12789],{"class":54},[48,152721,59],{"class":58},[48,152723,8948],{"class":84},[48,152725,94],{"class":62},[48,152727,12806],{"class":66},[48,152729,94],{"class":62},[48,152731,365],{"class":84},[48,152733,63],{"class":62},[48,152735,12823],{"class":66},[48,152737,94],{"class":62},[48,152739,365],{"class":84},[48,152741,63],{"class":62},[48,152743,17173],{"class":66},[48,152745,94],{"class":62},[48,152747,102],{"class":84},[48,152749,152750],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152751,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,152753,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,152755,6705],{"class":1107},[48,152757,63],{"class":62},[48,152759,22239],{"class":66},[48,152761,94],{"class":62},[48,152763,20889],{"class":58},[48,152765,12837],{"class":54},[48,152767,1110],{"class":84},[48,152769,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,152771,1138],{"class":108},[48,152773,91],{"class":84},[48,152775,17220],{"class":87},[48,152777,32],{"class":84},[48,152779,88],{"class":87},[48,152781,91],{"class":84},[48,152783,94],{"class":62},[48,152785,22239],{"class":66},[48,152787,94],{"class":62},[48,152789,1034],{"class":84},[48,152791,152792,152794],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,152793,27150],{"class":1107},[48,152795,1110],{"class":84},[48,152797,152798,152800,152802,152804,152807,152809],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,152799,1138],{"class":108},[48,152801,91],{"class":84},[48,152803,94],{"class":62},[48,152805,152806],{"class":66},"Value not found",[48,152808,94],{"class":62},[48,152810,102],{"class":84},[20,152812,1037],{},[39,152814,152816],{"className":41,"code":152815,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Value not found\n",[15,152817,152818],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152819,152820,152823,152825],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152821,152822],{"class":54},"Value ",[48,152824,1055],{"class":58},[48,152826,1058],{"class":54},[20,152828,152829,152830,32],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[224,152831,65527],{"href":65526},[34,152833,758,152834,500,152836],{"id":757},[15,152835,390],{},[15,152837,396],{},[20,152839,765,152840,500,152842,152844],{},[15,152841,390],{},[15,152843,396],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152846,152847],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152849,182],{},[39,152851,152853],{"className":41,"code":152852,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152854,152855,152883,152887,152908,152932],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152856,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152858,3528],{"class":54},[48,152860,59],{"class":58},[48,152862,8948],{"class":84},[48,152864,1837],{"class":488},[48,152866,365],{"class":84},[48,152868,5712],{"class":488},[48,152870,365],{"class":84},[48,152872,549],{"class":488},[48,152874,365],{"class":84},[48,152876,7500],{"class":488},[48,152878,365],{"class":84},[48,152880,549],{"class":488},[48,152882,102],{"class":84},[48,152884,152885],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,152886,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,152888,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,152890,109],{"class":108},[48,152892,91],{"class":84},[48,152894,5065],{"class":87},[48,152896,32],{"class":84},[48,152898,88],{"class":87},[48,152900,91],{"class":84},[48,152902,1837],{"class":488},[48,152904,229],{"class":84},[48,152906,152907],{"class":129},"        # 0\n",[48,152909,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,152911,109],{"class":108},[48,152913,91],{"class":84},[48,152915,5065],{"class":87},[48,152917,32],{"class":84},[48,152919,88],{"class":87},[48,152921,91],{"class":84},[48,152923,1837],{"class":488},[48,152925,365],{"class":84},[48,152927,5204],{"class":488},[48,152929,229],{"class":84},[48,152931,50658],{"class":129},[48,152933,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,152935,109],{"class":108},[48,152937,91],{"class":84},[48,152939,5065],{"class":87},[48,152941,32],{"class":84},[48,152943,88],{"class":87},[48,152945,91],{"class":84},[48,152947,1837],{"class":488},[48,152949,365],{"class":84},[48,152951,2152],{"class":488},[48,152953,365],{"class":84},[48,152955,549],{"class":488},[48,152957,229],{"class":84},[48,152959,50641],{"class":129},[1200,152961,152963],{"id":152962},"how-it-works","How it works",[162,152965,152966,152971,152976],{},[165,152967,152968,152970],{},[15,152969,390],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[165,152972,152973,152975],{},[15,152974,396],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[165,152977,765,152978,152980],{},[15,152979,396],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152982,182],{},[39,152984,152986],{"className":41,"code":152985,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152987,152988,153016,153020],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,152989,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,152991,3528],{"class":54},[48,152993,59],{"class":58},[48,152995,8948],{"class":84},[48,152997,1837],{"class":488},[48,152999,365],{"class":84},[48,153001,5712],{"class":488},[48,153003,365],{"class":84},[48,153005,549],{"class":488},[48,153007,365],{"class":84},[48,153009,7500],{"class":488},[48,153011,365],{"class":84},[48,153013,549],{"class":488},[48,153015,102],{"class":84},[48,153017,153018],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153019,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153021,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153023,109],{"class":108},[48,153025,91],{"class":84},[48,153027,5065],{"class":87},[48,153029,32],{"class":84},[48,153031,88],{"class":87},[48,153033,91],{"class":84},[48,153035,1837],{"class":488},[48,153037,365],{"class":84},[48,153039,5204],{"class":488},[48,153041,365],{"class":84},[48,153043,878],{"class":488},[48,153045,1034],{"class":84},[20,153047,1037],{},[39,153049,153050],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,153051,153052],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153053,153054],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153055,16773],{"class":488},[20,153057,153058,153059,1888,153061,16789,153063,153065,153066,32],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153060,272],{},[15,153062,280],{},[15,153064,1764],{},", but not ",[15,153067,907],{},[34,153069,153071],{"id":153070},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153073,153074,153075,503],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153076,148741],{},[162,153078,153079,153087,153092,153099],{},[165,153080,153081,153082,153084,153085],{},"Do not confuse the ",[565,153083,362],{}," with the ",[565,153086,88],{},[165,153088,153089,153090],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153091,578],{},[165,153093,139,153094,153098],{},[224,153095,148767,153096,754],{"href":148819},[15,153097,56990],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[165,153100,153101,153102,153104],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153103,152631],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153106,153107],{},"Example of value vs index:",[39,153109,153111],{"className":41,"code":153110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153112,153113,153145,153149,153173],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153114,153115,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153116,35949],{"class":54},[48,153118,59],{"class":58},[48,153120,8948],{"class":84},[48,153122,94],{"class":62},[48,153124,3785],{"class":66},[48,153126,94],{"class":62},[48,153128,365],{"class":84},[48,153130,63],{"class":62},[48,153132,198],{"class":66},[48,153134,94],{"class":62},[48,153136,365],{"class":84},[48,153138,63],{"class":62},[48,153140,32933],{"class":66},[48,153142,94],{"class":62},[48,153144,102],{"class":84},[48,153146,153147],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153148,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153150,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153152,109],{"class":108},[48,153154,91],{"class":84},[48,153156,36001],{"class":87},[48,153158,32],{"class":84},[48,153160,88],{"class":87},[48,153162,91],{"class":84},[48,153164,94],{"class":62},[48,153166,198],{"class":66},[48,153168,94],{"class":62},[48,153170,229],{"class":84},[48,153172,664],{"class":129},[48,153174,153175,153177,153179,153181,153183,153185,153187],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153176,109],{"class":108},[48,153178,91],{"class":84},[48,153180,36001],{"class":87},[48,153182,3605],{"class":84},[48,153184,272],{"class":488},[48,153186,20163],{"class":84},[48,153188,153189],{"class":129},"               # banana\n",[20,153191,261],{},[162,153193,153194,153198],{},[165,153195,153196,14962],{},[15,153197,64965],{},[165,153199,153200,153202],{},[15,153201,272],{}," is the index",[34,153204,1366],{"id":1365},[20,153206,105801,153207,503],{},[15,153208,148741],{},[162,153210,153211,153214,153219,153224,153231],{},[165,153212,153213],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[165,153215,1379,153216,153218],{},[15,153217,17],{}," to return all matching positions",[165,153220,153221,153222],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153223,578],{},[165,153225,153226,153227,500,153229],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153228,390],{},[15,153230,396],{},[165,153232,36914,153233,153235],{},[15,153234,148741],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1200,153237,60406],{"id":60405},[20,153239,94063],{},[39,153241,153243],{"className":41,"code":153242,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153244,153245,153255,153269,153284,153302],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153246,153247,153249,153251,153253],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153248,109],{"class":108},[48,153250,91],{"class":84},[48,153252,147554],{"class":87},[48,153254,102],{"class":84},[48,153256,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153258,109],{"class":108},[48,153260,91],{"class":84},[48,153262,10874],{"class":108},[48,153264,91],{"class":84},[48,153266,147554],{"class":87},[48,153268,1034],{"class":84},[48,153270,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153282],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153272,109],{"class":108},[48,153274,91],{"class":84},[48,153276,2147],{"class":87},[48,153278,3587],{"class":1107},[48,153280,153281],{"class":87}," my_tuple",[48,153283,102],{"class":84},[48,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153287,109],{"class":108},[48,153289,91],{"class":84},[48,153291,147554],{"class":87},[48,153293,32],{"class":84},[48,153295,40969],{"class":87},[48,153297,91],{"class":84},[48,153299,362],{"class":87},[48,153301,1034],{"class":84},[48,153303,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,153305,109],{"class":108},[48,153307,91],{"class":84},[48,153309,147554],{"class":87},[48,153311,32],{"class":84},[48,153313,88],{"class":87},[48,153315,91],{"class":84},[48,153317,362],{"class":87},[48,153319,1034],{"class":84},[20,153321,153322,153323,84081,153325,153327],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153324,31],{},[15,153326,362],{}," is missing.",[20,153329,129290],{},[39,153331,153333],{"className":41,"code":153332,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153334,153335,153347,153365,153371],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153336,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153338,6705],{"class":1107},[48,153340,21300],{"class":54},[48,153342,3587],{"class":58},[48,153344,153281],{"class":54},[48,153346,1110],{"class":84},[48,153348,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153350,1138],{"class":108},[48,153352,91],{"class":84},[48,153354,147554],{"class":87},[48,153356,32],{"class":84},[48,153358,88],{"class":87},[48,153360,91],{"class":84},[48,153362,362],{"class":87},[48,153364,1034],{"class":84},[48,153366,153367,153369],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153368,27150],{"class":1107},[48,153370,1110],{"class":84},[48,153372,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153374,1138],{"class":108},[48,153376,91],{"class":84},[48,153378,94],{"class":62},[48,153380,152806],{"class":66},[48,153382,94],{"class":62},[48,153384,102],{"class":84},[34,153386,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,153388,4849,153390,1543],{"id":153389},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153391,148741],{},[20,153393,153394],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1200,153396,153398],{"id":153397},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153400,153401,152268],{},[15,153402,148741],{},[1200,153404,148720],{"id":148719},[20,153406,1553,153407,32],{},[15,153408,31],{},[1200,153410,153412],{"id":153411},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153414,153415,153416,500,153418,153420],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153417,390],{},[15,153419,396],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1200,153422,14618,153424,56905,153426,1564],{"id":153423},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153425,148741],{},[15,153427,64559],{},[20,153429,153430],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[34,153432,1599],{"id":1598},[162,153434,153435,153441,153445,153450,153454],{},[165,153436,153437],{},[224,153438,148767,153439,754],{"href":148819},[15,153440,56990],{},[165,153442,153443],{},[224,153444,149209],{"href":152635},[165,153446,153447],{},[224,153448,153449],{"href":150515},"Creating a tuple in Python",[165,153451,153452],{},[224,153453,65527],{"href":65526},[165,153455,153456],{},[224,153457,150463],{"href":152273},[1633,153459,153460],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":153462},[153463,153464,153466,153469,153470,153471,153472,153475,153476,153479,153488],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":152180,"depth":73,"text":153465},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340,"children":153467},[153468],{"id":17111,"depth":105,"text":17112},{"id":103062,"depth":73,"text":103063},{"id":152610,"depth":73,"text":152611},{"id":65318,"depth":73,"text":65319},{"id":757,"depth":73,"text":1644,"children":153473},[153474],{"id":152962,"depth":105,"text":152963},{"id":153070,"depth":73,"text":153071},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366,"children":153477},[153478],{"id":60405,"depth":105,"text":60406},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":153480},[153481,153483,153484,153485,153486],{"id":153389,"depth":105,"text":153482},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153397,"depth":105,"text":153398},{"id":148719,"depth":105,"text":148720},{"id":153411,"depth":105,"text":153412},{"id":153423,"depth":105,"text":153487},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152075,"description":153489},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153496,"title":153497,"body":153498,"description":154893,"extension":1666,"meta":154894,"navigation":122,"path":152635,"seo":154895,"stem":154896,"__hash__":154897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153499,"toc":154875},[153500,153503,153506,153509,153523,153525,153528,153622,153632,153638,153642,153645,153648,153650,153668,153670,153741,153743,153760,153764,153768,153771,153788,153791,153806,153808,153899,153902,153906,153909,153926,153928,154023,154026,154029,154033,154036,154130,154132,154151,154154,154158,154161,154163,154218,154220,154255,154258,154272,154280,154373,154382,154386,154389,154396,154399,154446,154448,154456,154459,154510,154512,154529,154534,154538,154541,154544,154546,154597,154600,154655,154658,154661,154663,154666,154686,154688,154761,154764,154777,154779,154783,154788,154792,154797,154814,154818,154821,154838,154842,154845,154847,154872],[10,153501,153497],{"id":153502},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153504,153505],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153507,153508],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[162,153510,153511,153514,153517,153520],{},[165,153512,153513],{},"positive indexes",[165,153515,153516],{},"negative indexes",[165,153518,153519],{},"common indexing mistakes",[165,153521,153522],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[34,153524,3311],{"id":3310},[20,153526,153527],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[39,153529,153531],{"className":41,"code":153530,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153532,153533,153565,153569,153586,153603],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153534,153535,153537,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153536,12789],{"class":54},[48,153538,59],{"class":58},[48,153540,8948],{"class":84},[48,153542,94],{"class":62},[48,153544,12806],{"class":66},[48,153546,94],{"class":62},[48,153548,365],{"class":84},[48,153550,63],{"class":62},[48,153552,17173],{"class":66},[48,153554,94],{"class":62},[48,153556,365],{"class":84},[48,153558,63],{"class":62},[48,153560,12823],{"class":66},[48,153562,94],{"class":62},[48,153564,102],{"class":84},[48,153566,153567],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153568,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153570,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153572,109],{"class":108},[48,153574,91],{"class":84},[48,153576,17220],{"class":87},[48,153578,3605],{"class":84},[48,153580,578],{"class":488},[48,153582,20163],{"class":84},[48,153584,153585],{"class":129},"   # red\n",[48,153587,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153589,109],{"class":108},[48,153591,91],{"class":84},[48,153593,17220],{"class":87},[48,153595,3605],{"class":84},[48,153597,272],{"class":488},[48,153599,20163],{"class":84},[48,153601,153602],{"class":129},"   # green\n",[48,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,153606,109],{"class":108},[48,153608,91],{"class":84},[48,153610,17220],{"class":87},[48,153612,3605],{"class":84},[48,153614,1724],{"class":58},[48,153616,272],{"class":488},[48,153618,20163],{"class":84},[48,153620,153621],{"class":129},"  # blue\n",[162,153623,153624,153629],{},[165,153625,575,153626,153628],{},[15,153627,578],{}," is the first item.",[165,153630,153631],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153633,153634,153635,32],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[224,153636,153637],{"href":147539},"how to create a tuple in Python",[34,153639,153641],{"id":153640},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153643,153644],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153646,153647],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153649,11170],{},[162,153651,153652,153655,153662,153665],{},[165,153653,153654],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[165,153656,153657,153658,18681,153660],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153659,578],{},[15,153661,272],{},[165,153663,153664],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[165,153666,153667],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153669,182],{},[39,153671,153673],{"className":41,"code":153672,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153674,153675,153695,153699,153713,153727],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153676,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153678,3321],{"class":54},[48,153680,59],{"class":58},[48,153682,8948],{"class":84},[48,153684,2031],{"class":488},[48,153686,365],{"class":84},[48,153688,7500],{"class":488},[48,153690,365],{"class":84},[48,153692,7505],{"class":488},[48,153694,102],{"class":84},[48,153696,153697],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153700,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153702,109],{"class":108},[48,153704,91],{"class":84},[48,153706,3353],{"class":87},[48,153708,3605],{"class":84},[48,153710,578],{"class":488},[48,153712,3593],{"class":84},[48,153714,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153716,109],{"class":108},[48,153718,91],{"class":84},[48,153720,3353],{"class":87},[48,153722,3605],{"class":84},[48,153724,272],{"class":488},[48,153726,3593],{"class":84},[48,153728,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,153730,109],{"class":108},[48,153732,91],{"class":84},[48,153734,3353],{"class":87},[48,153736,3605],{"class":84},[48,153738,280],{"class":488},[48,153740,3593],{"class":84},[20,153742,1037],{},[39,153744,153746],{"className":41,"code":153745,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153747,153748,153752,153756],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153749,153750],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153751,2077],{"class":488},[48,153753,153754],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153755,70910],{"class":488},[48,153757,153758],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153759,69526],{"class":488},[20,153761,59091,153762,32],{},[224,153763,147536],{"href":147535},[34,153765,153767],{"id":153766},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153769,153770],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[162,153772,153773,153778,153783],{},[165,153774,153775,153777],{},[15,153776,578],{}," = first item",[165,153779,153780,153782],{},[15,153781,272],{}," = second item",[165,153784,153785,153787],{},[15,153786,280],{}," = third item",[20,153789,153790],{},"Pattern:",[39,153792,153794],{"className":41,"code":153793,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153795,153796],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153797,153798,153800,153802,153804],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153799,152291],{"class":54},[48,153801,3605],{"class":84},[48,153803,88],{"class":54},[48,153805,3339],{"class":84},[20,153807,182],{},[39,153809,153811],{"className":41,"code":153810,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153812,153813,153845,153849,153866,153882],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153814,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153816,35949],{"class":54},[48,153818,59],{"class":58},[48,153820,8948],{"class":84},[48,153822,94],{"class":62},[48,153824,3785],{"class":66},[48,153826,94],{"class":62},[48,153828,365],{"class":84},[48,153830,63],{"class":62},[48,153832,198],{"class":66},[48,153834,94],{"class":62},[48,153836,365],{"class":84},[48,153838,63],{"class":62},[48,153840,3802],{"class":66},[48,153842,94],{"class":62},[48,153844,102],{"class":84},[48,153846,153847],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153848,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153850,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861,153863],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153852,109],{"class":108},[48,153854,91],{"class":84},[48,153856,36001],{"class":87},[48,153858,3605],{"class":84},[48,153860,578],{"class":488},[48,153862,20163],{"class":84},[48,153864,153865],{"class":129},"  # apple\n",[48,153867,153868,153870,153872,153874,153876,153878,153880],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153869,109],{"class":108},[48,153871,91],{"class":84},[48,153873,36001],{"class":87},[48,153875,3605],{"class":84},[48,153877,272],{"class":488},[48,153879,20163],{"class":84},[48,153881,51187],{"class":129},[48,153883,153884,153886,153888,153890,153892,153894,153896],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,153885,109],{"class":108},[48,153887,91],{"class":84},[48,153889,36001],{"class":87},[48,153891,3605],{"class":84},[48,153893,280],{"class":488},[48,153895,20163],{"class":84},[48,153897,153898],{"class":129},"  # cherry\n",[20,153900,153901],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[34,153903,153905],{"id":153904},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153907,153908],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[162,153910,153911,153916,153921],{},[165,153912,153913,153915],{},[15,153914,1071],{}," = last item",[165,153917,153918,153920],{},[15,153919,95093],{}," = second-to-last item",[165,153922,153923,153925],{},[15,153924,47377],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153927,182],{},[39,153929,153931],{"className":41,"code":153930,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153932,153933,153965,153969,153987,154005],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,153934,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,153936,35949],{"class":54},[48,153938,59],{"class":58},[48,153940,8948],{"class":84},[48,153942,94],{"class":62},[48,153944,3785],{"class":66},[48,153946,94],{"class":62},[48,153948,365],{"class":84},[48,153950,63],{"class":62},[48,153952,198],{"class":66},[48,153954,94],{"class":62},[48,153956,365],{"class":84},[48,153958,63],{"class":62},[48,153960,3802],{"class":66},[48,153962,94],{"class":62},[48,153964,102],{"class":84},[48,153966,153967],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,153968,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,153970,153971,153973,153975,153977,153979,153981,153983,153985],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,153972,109],{"class":108},[48,153974,91],{"class":84},[48,153976,36001],{"class":87},[48,153978,3605],{"class":84},[48,153980,1724],{"class":58},[48,153982,272],{"class":488},[48,153984,20163],{"class":84},[48,153986,153898],{"class":129},[48,153988,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,153990,109],{"class":108},[48,153992,91],{"class":84},[48,153994,36001],{"class":87},[48,153996,3605],{"class":84},[48,153998,1724],{"class":58},[48,154000,280],{"class":488},[48,154002,20163],{"class":84},[48,154004,51187],{"class":129},[48,154006,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,154008,109],{"class":108},[48,154010,91],{"class":84},[48,154012,36001],{"class":87},[48,154014,3605],{"class":84},[48,154016,1724],{"class":58},[48,154018,1764],{"class":488},[48,154020,20163],{"class":84},[48,154022,153865],{"class":129},[20,154024,154025],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154027,154028],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[34,154030,154032],{"id":154031},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154034,154035],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[39,154037,154039],{"className":41,"code":154038,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154040,154041,154073,154077,154094,154111],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154042,154043,154045,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154044,4701],{"class":54},[48,154046,59],{"class":58},[48,154048,8948],{"class":84},[48,154050,94],{"class":62},[48,154052,12594],{"class":66},[48,154054,94],{"class":62},[48,154056,365],{"class":84},[48,154058,63],{"class":62},[48,154060,35652],{"class":66},[48,154062,94],{"class":62},[48,154064,365],{"class":84},[48,154066,63],{"class":62},[48,154068,35661],{"class":66},[48,154070,94],{"class":62},[48,154072,102],{"class":84},[48,154074,154075],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154076,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154078,154079,154081,154083,154085,154087,154089,154091],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154080,109],{"class":108},[48,154082,91],{"class":84},[48,154084,4745],{"class":87},[48,154086,3605],{"class":84},[48,154088,578],{"class":488},[48,154090,20163],{"class":84},[48,154092,154093],{"class":129},"   # first item\n",[48,154095,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,154097,109],{"class":108},[48,154099,91],{"class":84},[48,154101,4745],{"class":87},[48,154103,3605],{"class":84},[48,154105,272],{"class":488},[48,154107,20163],{"class":84},[48,154109,154110],{"class":129},"   # middle item\n",[48,154112,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,154114,109],{"class":108},[48,154116,91],{"class":84},[48,154118,4745],{"class":87},[48,154120,3605],{"class":84},[48,154122,1724],{"class":58},[48,154124,272],{"class":488},[48,154126,20163],{"class":84},[48,154128,154129],{"class":129},"  # last item\n",[20,154131,1037],{},[39,154133,154135],{"className":41,"code":154134,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154136,154137,154141,154146],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154138,154139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154140,49747],{"class":54},[48,154142,154143],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154144,154145],{"class":54},"Ben\n",[48,154147,154148],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154149,154150],{"class":54},"Cara\n",[20,154152,154153],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[34,154155,154157],{"id":154156},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154159,154160],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154162,182],{},[39,154164,154166],{"className":41,"code":154165,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154167,154168,154200,154204],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154169,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154171,35800],{"class":54},[48,154173,59],{"class":58},[48,154175,8948],{"class":84},[48,154177,94],{"class":62},[48,154179,224],{"class":66},[48,154181,94],{"class":62},[48,154183,365],{"class":84},[48,154185,63],{"class":62},[48,154187,4466],{"class":66},[48,154189,94],{"class":62},[48,154191,365],{"class":84},[48,154193,63],{"class":62},[48,154195,632],{"class":66},[48,154197,94],{"class":62},[48,154199,102],{"class":84},[48,154201,154202],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154203,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154205,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154207,109],{"class":108},[48,154209,91],{"class":84},[48,154211,35853],{"class":87},[48,154213,3605],{"class":84},[48,154215,1837],{"class":488},[48,154217,3593],{"class":84},[20,154219,1037],{},[39,154221,154223],{"className":41,"code":154222,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154224,154225,154237,154242],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154226,154227,154230,154232,154235],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154228,154229],{"class":87},"Traceback ",[48,154231,91],{"class":84},[48,154233,154234],{"class":87},"most recent call last",[48,154236,8053],{"class":84},[48,154238,154239],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154240,154241],{"class":34166},"  ...\n",[48,154243,154244,154246,154248,154250,154253],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154245,70417],{"class":1047},[48,154247,503],{"class":84},[48,154249,148902],{"class":1047},[48,154251,154252],{"class":54}," index out of ",[48,154254,70609],{"class":108},[20,154256,154257],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[162,154259,154260,154264,154268],{},[165,154261,154262],{},[15,154263,578],{},[165,154265,154266],{},[15,154267,272],{},[165,154269,154270],{},[15,154271,280],{},[20,154273,154274,154275,32],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[224,154276,154277,154279],{"href":148774},[15,154278,42068],{}," on a tuple",[39,154281,154283],{"className":41,"code":154282,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154284,154285,154317,154321,154337,154341,154359],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154286,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154288,35800],{"class":54},[48,154290,59],{"class":58},[48,154292,8948],{"class":84},[48,154294,94],{"class":62},[48,154296,224],{"class":66},[48,154298,94],{"class":62},[48,154300,365],{"class":84},[48,154302,63],{"class":62},[48,154304,4466],{"class":66},[48,154306,94],{"class":62},[48,154308,365],{"class":84},[48,154310,63],{"class":62},[48,154312,632],{"class":66},[48,154314,94],{"class":62},[48,154316,102],{"class":84},[48,154318,154319],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154320,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154322,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154324,109],{"class":108},[48,154326,91],{"class":84},[48,154328,10874],{"class":108},[48,154330,91],{"class":84},[48,154332,35853],{"class":87},[48,154334,229],{"class":84},[48,154336,494],{"class":129},[48,154338,154339],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,154340,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154342,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,154344,6705],{"class":1107},[48,154346,38095],{"class":108},[48,154348,91],{"class":84},[48,154350,35853],{"class":87},[48,154352,3366],{"class":84},[48,154354,38105],{"class":58},[48,154356,489],{"class":488},[48,154358,1110],{"class":84},[48,154360,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,154362,1138],{"class":108},[48,154364,91],{"class":84},[48,154366,35853],{"class":87},[48,154368,3605],{"class":84},[48,154370,280],{"class":488},[48,154372,3593],{"class":84},[20,154374,154375,154376,32],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[224,154377,1179,154379],{"href":154378},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154380,154381],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[34,154383,154385],{"id":154384},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154387,154388],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[162,154390,154391,154393],{},[165,154392,76559],{},[165,154394,154395],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154397,154398],{},"Indexing example:",[39,154400,154402],{"className":41,"code":154401,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154403,154404,154428,154432],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154405,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154407,3321],{"class":54},[48,154409,59],{"class":58},[48,154411,8948],{"class":84},[48,154413,2031],{"class":488},[48,154415,365],{"class":84},[48,154417,7500],{"class":488},[48,154419,365],{"class":84},[48,154421,7505],{"class":488},[48,154423,365],{"class":84},[48,154425,50549],{"class":488},[48,154427,102],{"class":84},[48,154429,154430],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154431,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154435,109],{"class":108},[48,154437,91],{"class":84},[48,154439,3353],{"class":87},[48,154441,3605],{"class":84},[48,154443,272],{"class":488},[48,154445,3593],{"class":84},[20,154447,1037],{},[39,154449,154450],{"className":41,"code":70910,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,154451,154452],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154453,154454],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154455,70910],{"class":488},[20,154457,154458],{},"Slicing example:",[39,154460,154462],{"className":41,"code":154461,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154463,154464,154488,154492],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154465,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482,154484,154486],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154467,3321],{"class":54},[48,154469,59],{"class":58},[48,154471,8948],{"class":84},[48,154473,2031],{"class":488},[48,154475,365],{"class":84},[48,154477,7500],{"class":488},[48,154479,365],{"class":84},[48,154481,7505],{"class":488},[48,154483,365],{"class":84},[48,154485,50549],{"class":488},[48,154487,102],{"class":84},[48,154489,154490],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154491,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,154493,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504,154506,154508],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154495,109],{"class":108},[48,154497,91],{"class":84},[48,154499,3353],{"class":87},[48,154501,3605],{"class":84},[48,154503,272],{"class":488},[48,154505,503],{"class":84},[48,154507,1764],{"class":488},[48,154509,3593],{"class":84},[20,154511,1037],{},[39,154513,154515],{"className":41,"code":154514,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154516,154517],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154518,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154520,91],{"class":84},[48,154522,15470],{"class":488},[48,154524,365],{"class":84},[48,154526,7505],{"class":488},[48,154528,102],{"class":84},[20,154530,154531,154532,32],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[224,154533,150453],{"href":150452},[34,154535,154537],{"id":154536},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154539,154540],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154542,154543],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154545,6395],{},[39,154547,154549],{"className":41,"code":154548,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154550,154551,154583],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154552,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154554,12789],{"class":54},[48,154556,59],{"class":58},[48,154558,8948],{"class":84},[48,154560,94],{"class":62},[48,154562,12806],{"class":66},[48,154564,94],{"class":62},[48,154566,365],{"class":84},[48,154568,63],{"class":62},[48,154570,17173],{"class":66},[48,154572,94],{"class":62},[48,154574,365],{"class":84},[48,154576,63],{"class":62},[48,154578,12823],{"class":66},[48,154580,94],{"class":62},[48,154582,102],{"class":84},[48,154584,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154586,109],{"class":108},[48,154588,91],{"class":84},[48,154590,17220],{"class":87},[48,154592,3605],{"class":84},[48,154594,272],{"class":488},[48,154596,3593],{"class":84},[20,154598,154599],{},"But this does not work:",[39,154601,154603],{"className":41,"code":154602,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154604,154605,154637],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154606,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154608,12789],{"class":54},[48,154610,59],{"class":58},[48,154612,8948],{"class":84},[48,154614,94],{"class":62},[48,154616,12806],{"class":66},[48,154618,94],{"class":62},[48,154620,365],{"class":84},[48,154622,63],{"class":62},[48,154624,17173],{"class":66},[48,154626,94],{"class":62},[48,154628,365],{"class":84},[48,154630,63],{"class":62},[48,154632,12823],{"class":66},[48,154634,94],{"class":62},[48,154636,102],{"class":84},[48,154638,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649,154651,154653],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154640,17220],{"class":54},[48,154642,3605],{"class":84},[48,154644,272],{"class":488},[48,154646,12987],{"class":84},[48,154648,12990],{"class":58},[48,154650,63],{"class":62},[48,154652,22239],{"class":66},[48,154654,70],{"class":62},[20,154656,154657],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154659,154660],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[34,154662,1366],{"id":1365},[20,154664,154665],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[162,154667,154668,154674,154677,154680],{},[165,154669,899,154670,10804,154672],{},[15,154671,272],{},[15,154673,578],{},[165,154675,154676],{},"Using an index that is too large",[165,154678,154679],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[165,154681,154682,154683],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154684,154685],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154687,1404],{},[39,154689,154691],{"className":41,"code":154690,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154692,154693,154703,154717,154731,154747],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154696,109],{"class":108},[48,154698,91],{"class":84},[48,154700,147554],{"class":87},[48,154702,102],{"class":84},[48,154704,154705,154707,154709,154711,154713,154715],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154706,109],{"class":108},[48,154708,91],{"class":84},[48,154710,10874],{"class":108},[48,154712,91],{"class":84},[48,154714,147554],{"class":87},[48,154716,1034],{"class":84},[48,154718,154719,154721,154723,154725,154727,154729],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,154720,109],{"class":108},[48,154722,91],{"class":84},[48,154724,147554],{"class":87},[48,154726,3605],{"class":84},[48,154728,578],{"class":488},[48,154730,3593],{"class":84},[48,154732,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,154734,109],{"class":108},[48,154736,91],{"class":84},[48,154738,147554],{"class":87},[48,154740,3605],{"class":84},[48,154742,1724],{"class":58},[48,154744,272],{"class":488},[48,154746,3593],{"class":84},[48,154748,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,154750,109],{"class":108},[48,154752,91],{"class":84},[48,154754,2921],{"class":1047},[48,154756,91],{"class":84},[48,154758,147554],{"class":87},[48,154760,1034],{"class":84},[20,154762,154763],{},"These can help you confirm:",[162,154765,154766,154769,154771,154774],{},[165,154767,154768],{},"what the tuple contains",[165,154770,60480],{},[165,154772,154773],{},"what the first and last items are",[165,154775,154776],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[34,154778,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,154780,154782],{"id":154781},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154784,154785,154786,32],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154787,578],{},[1200,154789,154791],{"id":154790},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154793,139,154794,154796],{},[15,154795,1071],{}," as the index:",[39,154798,154800],{"className":41,"code":154799,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154801,154802],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154803,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154805,147554],{"class":54},[48,154807,3605],{"class":84},[48,154809,1724],{"class":58},[48,154811,272],{"class":488},[48,154813,3339],{"class":84},[1200,154815,154817],{"id":154816},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154819,154820],{},"Python raises:",[39,154822,154824],{"className":41,"code":154823,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154825,154826],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154827,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154829,70417],{"class":1047},[48,154831,503],{"class":84},[48,154833,148902],{"class":1047},[48,154835,154252],{"class":54},[48,154837,70609],{"class":108},[1200,154839,154841],{"id":154840},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154843,154844],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[34,154846,1599],{"id":1598},[162,154848,154849,154854,154858,154862,154868],{},[165,154850,154851],{},[224,154852,154853],{"href":147539},"How to create a tuple in Python",[165,154855,154856],{},[224,154857,150453],{"href":150452},[165,154859,154860],{},[224,154861,150458],{"href":148774},[165,154863,154864],{},[224,154865,25838,154866],{"href":154378},[15,154867,154381],{},[165,154869,154870],{},[224,154871,147536],{"href":147535},[1633,154873,154874],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":154876},[154877,154878,154879,154880,154881,154882,154883,154884,154885,154886,154892],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":153640,"depth":73,"text":153641},{"id":153766,"depth":73,"text":153767},{"id":153904,"depth":73,"text":153905},{"id":154031,"depth":73,"text":154032},{"id":154156,"depth":73,"text":154157},{"id":154384,"depth":73,"text":154385},{"id":154536,"depth":73,"text":154537},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":154887},[154888,154889,154890,154891],{"id":154781,"depth":105,"text":154782},{"id":154790,"depth":105,"text":154791},{"id":154816,"depth":105,"text":154817},{"id":154840,"depth":105,"text":154841},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153497,"description":154893},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154899,"title":154900,"body":154901,"description":156790,"extension":1666,"meta":156791,"navigation":122,"path":156792,"seo":156793,"stem":156794,"__hash__":156795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154902,"toc":156747},[154903,154909,154914,154965,154969,154977,154983,154985,155001,155003,155006,155021,155023,155036,155038,155095,155099,155107,155114,155120,155126,155130,155181,155185,155193,155197,155226,155230,155238,155242,155275,155279,155287,155291,155294,155345,155349,155357,155359,155376,155380,155384,155443,155447,155455,155458,155485,155489,155497,155501,155507,155582,155586,155623,155631,155635,155698,155702,155710,155715,155719,155725,155768,155772,155780,155786,155789,155836,155840,155848,155857,155863,155918,155922,155930,155933,155937,155939,155970,155974,155993,155996,156041,156045,156068,156074,156079,156081,156128,156133,156136,156184,156188,156196,156200,156205,156209,156259,156263,156278,156282,156340,156344,156359,156363,156434,156438,156447,156451,156530,156534,156556,156564,156566,156569,156594,156596,156649,156651,156668,156670,156674,156680,156685,156690,156694,156699,156703,156708,156714,156717,156719,156744],[10,154904,154906,154907,3366],{"id":154905},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154908,10874],{},[20,154910,139,154911,154913],{},[15,154912,42068],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[39,154915,154917],{"className":41,"code":154916,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154918,154919,154951],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154920,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931,154933,154935,154937,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154922,12789],{"class":54},[48,154924,59],{"class":58},[48,154926,8948],{"class":84},[48,154928,94],{"class":62},[48,154930,12806],{"class":66},[48,154932,94],{"class":62},[48,154934,365],{"class":84},[48,154936,63],{"class":62},[48,154938,17173],{"class":66},[48,154940,94],{"class":62},[48,154942,365],{"class":84},[48,154944,63],{"class":62},[48,154946,12823],{"class":66},[48,154948,94],{"class":62},[48,154950,102],{"class":84},[48,154952,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,154954,109],{"class":108},[48,154956,91],{"class":84},[48,154958,10874],{"class":108},[48,154960,91],{"class":84},[48,154962,17220],{"class":87},[48,154964,1034],{"class":84},[20,154966,154967],{},[565,154968,1037],{},[39,154970,154971],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,154972,154973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,154974,154975],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,154976,46323],{"class":488},[20,154978,139,154979,154982],{},[15,154980,154981],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[34,154984,14878],{"id":14877},[162,154986,154987,154992,154996,154999],{},[165,154988,3904,154989,154991],{},[15,154990,42068],{}," works with tuples",[165,154993,67944,154994,11418],{},[15,154995,42068],{},[165,154997,154998],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[165,155000,4225],{},[34,155002,340],{"id":339},[20,155004,155005],{},"Use this pattern:",[39,155007,155009],{"className":41,"code":155008,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155010,155011],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155012,155013,155015,155017,155019],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155014,10874],{"class":108},[48,155016,91],{"class":84},[48,155018,147554],{"class":87},[48,155020,102],{"class":84},[20,155022,11170],{},[162,155024,155025,155028,155031],{},[165,155026,155027],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[165,155029,155030],{},"The result is an integer",[165,155032,155033,155035],{},[15,155034,42068],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155037,182],{},[39,155039,155041],{"className":41,"code":155040,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155042,155043,155067,155081,155085],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155044,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155046,3321],{"class":54},[48,155048,59],{"class":58},[48,155050,8948],{"class":84},[48,155052,2031],{"class":488},[48,155054,365],{"class":84},[48,155056,7500],{"class":488},[48,155058,365],{"class":84},[48,155060,7505],{"class":488},[48,155062,365],{"class":84},[48,155064,50549],{"class":488},[48,155066,102],{"class":84},[48,155068,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155070,40951],{"class":54},[48,155072,59],{"class":58},[48,155074,38095],{"class":108},[48,155076,91],{"class":84},[48,155078,3353],{"class":87},[48,155080,102],{"class":84},[48,155082,155083],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,155084,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,155086,155087,155089,155091,155093],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,155088,109],{"class":108},[48,155090,91],{"class":84},[48,155092,40969],{"class":87},[48,155094,102],{"class":84},[20,155096,155097],{},[565,155098,1037],{},[39,155100,155101],{"className":41,"code":48357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155102,155103],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155104,155105],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155106,48357],{"class":488},[20,155108,155109,155110,32],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[224,155111,3277,155112,3210],{"href":42065},[15,155113,42068],{},[34,155115,148,155117,155119],{"id":155116},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155118,42068],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155121,155122,155123,155125],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155124,42068],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1200,155127,155129],{"id":155128},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[39,155131,155133],{"className":41,"code":155132,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155134,155135,155167],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155136,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147,155149,155151,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155138,35949],{"class":54},[48,155140,59],{"class":58},[48,155142,8948],{"class":84},[48,155144,94],{"class":62},[48,155146,3785],{"class":66},[48,155148,94],{"class":62},[48,155150,365],{"class":84},[48,155152,63],{"class":62},[48,155154,198],{"class":66},[48,155156,94],{"class":62},[48,155158,365],{"class":84},[48,155160,63],{"class":62},[48,155162,32933],{"class":66},[48,155164,94],{"class":62},[48,155166,102],{"class":84},[48,155168,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155170,109],{"class":108},[48,155172,91],{"class":84},[48,155174,10874],{"class":108},[48,155176,91],{"class":84},[48,155178,36001],{"class":87},[48,155180,1034],{"class":84},[20,155182,155183],{},[565,155184,1037],{},[39,155186,155187],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155188,155189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155190,155191],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155192,46323],{"class":488},[1200,155194,155196],{"id":155195},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[39,155198,155200],{"className":41,"code":155199,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155201,155202,155211],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155203,155204,155207,155209],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155205,155206],{"class":54},"empty_tuple ",[48,155208,59],{"class":58},[48,155210,148878],{"class":84},[48,155212,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155224],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155214,109],{"class":108},[48,155216,91],{"class":84},[48,155218,10874],{"class":108},[48,155220,91],{"class":84},[48,155222,155223],{"class":87},"empty_tuple",[48,155225,1034],{"class":84},[20,155227,155228],{},[565,155229,1037],{},[39,155231,155232],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155233,155234],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155235,155236],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155237,46958],{"class":488},[1200,155239,155241],{"id":155240},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[39,155243,155245],{"className":41,"code":155244,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155246,155247,155260],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155248,155249,155252,155254,155256,155258],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155250,155251],{"class":54},"single_value ",[48,155253,59],{"class":58},[48,155255,8948],{"class":84},[48,155257,1837],{"class":488},[48,155259,148892],{"class":84},[48,155261,155262,155264,155266,155268,155270,155273],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155263,109],{"class":108},[48,155265,91],{"class":84},[48,155267,10874],{"class":108},[48,155269,91],{"class":84},[48,155271,155272],{"class":87},"single_value",[48,155274,1034],{"class":84},[20,155276,155277],{},[565,155278,1037],{},[39,155280,155281],{"className":41,"code":46623,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155282,155283],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155284,155285],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155286,46623],{"class":488},[1200,155288,155290],{"id":155289},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155292,155293],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[39,155295,155297],{"className":41,"code":155296,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155298,155299,155331],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155300,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155302,8877],{"class":54},[48,155304,59],{"class":58},[48,155306,8948],{"class":84},[48,155308,272],{"class":488},[48,155310,365],{"class":84},[48,155312,8948],{"class":84},[48,155314,280],{"class":488},[48,155316,365],{"class":84},[48,155318,2152],{"class":488},[48,155320,8945],{"class":84},[48,155322,3326],{"class":84},[48,155324,907],{"class":488},[48,155326,365],{"class":84},[48,155328,549],{"class":488},[48,155330,3593],{"class":84},[48,155332,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155334,109],{"class":108},[48,155336,91],{"class":84},[48,155338,10874],{"class":108},[48,155340,91],{"class":84},[48,155342,8916],{"class":87},[48,155344,1034],{"class":84},[20,155346,155347],{},[565,155348,1037],{},[39,155350,155351],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155352,155353],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155354,155355],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155356,46323],{"class":488},[20,155358,886],{},[162,155360,155361,155366,155371],{},[165,155362,155363,155365],{},[15,155364,272],{}," is one item",[165,155367,155368,155365],{},[15,155369,155370],{},"(2, 3)",[165,155372,155373,155365],{},[15,155374,155375],{},"[4, 5]",[34,155377,155379],{"id":155378},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1200,155381,155383],{"id":155382},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[39,155385,155387],{"className":41,"code":155386,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155388,155389,155429],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155390,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155392,12789],{"class":54},[48,155394,59],{"class":58},[48,155396,8948],{"class":84},[48,155398,94],{"class":62},[48,155400,12806],{"class":66},[48,155402,94],{"class":62},[48,155404,365],{"class":84},[48,155406,63],{"class":62},[48,155408,17173],{"class":66},[48,155410,94],{"class":62},[48,155412,365],{"class":84},[48,155414,63],{"class":62},[48,155416,12823],{"class":66},[48,155418,94],{"class":62},[48,155420,365],{"class":84},[48,155422,63],{"class":62},[48,155424,22239],{"class":66},[48,155426,94],{"class":62},[48,155428,102],{"class":84},[48,155430,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155432,109],{"class":108},[48,155434,91],{"class":84},[48,155436,10874],{"class":108},[48,155438,91],{"class":84},[48,155440,17220],{"class":87},[48,155442,1034],{"class":84},[20,155444,155445],{},[565,155446,1037],{},[39,155448,155449],{"className":41,"code":48357,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155450,155451],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155452,155453],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155454,48357],{"class":488},[1200,155456,155196],{"id":155457},"empty-tuple-1",[39,155459,155461],{"className":41,"code":155460,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155462,155463,155471],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155464,155465,155467,155469],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155466,7489],{"class":54},[48,155468,59],{"class":58},[48,155470,148878],{"class":84},[48,155472,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155474,109],{"class":108},[48,155476,91],{"class":84},[48,155478,10874],{"class":108},[48,155480,91],{"class":84},[48,155482,7520],{"class":87},[48,155484,1034],{"class":84},[20,155486,155487],{},[565,155488,1037],{},[39,155490,155491],{"className":41,"code":46958,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155492,155493],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155494,155495],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155496,46958],{"class":488},[1200,155498,155500],{"id":155499},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155502,155503,155504,155506],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[565,155505,1055],{}," always a tuple.",[39,155508,155510],{"className":41,"code":155509,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155511,155512,155524,155536,155540,155554,155568],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155515,2253],{"class":54},[48,155517,59],{"class":58},[48,155519,8948],{"class":84},[48,155521,1837],{"class":488},[48,155523,102],{"class":84},[48,155525,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155527,2281],{"class":54},[48,155529,59],{"class":58},[48,155531,8948],{"class":84},[48,155533,1837],{"class":488},[48,155535,148892],{"class":84},[48,155537,155538],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,155539,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,155541,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,155543,109],{"class":108},[48,155545,91],{"class":84},[48,155547,2921],{"class":1047},[48,155549,91],{"class":84},[48,155551,224],{"class":87},[48,155553,1034],{"class":84},[48,155555,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,155557,109],{"class":108},[48,155559,91],{"class":84},[48,155561,2921],{"class":1047},[48,155563,91],{"class":84},[48,155565,4466],{"class":87},[48,155567,1034],{"class":84},[48,155569,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,155571,109],{"class":108},[48,155573,91],{"class":84},[48,155575,10874],{"class":108},[48,155577,91],{"class":84},[48,155579,4466],{"class":87},[48,155581,1034],{"class":84},[20,155583,155584],{},[565,155585,1037],{},[39,155587,155589],{"className":41,"code":155588,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155590,155591,155605,155619],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155592,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155594,2990],{"class":58},[48,155596,2993],{"class":1767},[48,155598,2996],{"class":62},[48,155600,1887],{"class":66},[48,155602,3001],{"class":62},[48,155604,3004],{"class":58},[48,155606,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155608,2990],{"class":58},[48,155610,2993],{"class":1767},[48,155612,2996],{"class":62},[48,155614,48660],{"class":66},[48,155616,3001],{"class":62},[48,155618,3004],{"class":58},[48,155620,155621],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,155622,46623],{"class":488},[20,155624,155625,155626,500,155629,32],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[224,155627,155628],{"href":147539},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[224,155630,148840],{"href":148839},[1200,155632,155634],{"id":155633},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[39,155636,155638],{"className":41,"code":155637,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155639,155640,155684],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155641,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668,155670,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155643,59171],{"class":54},[48,155645,59],{"class":58},[48,155647,8948],{"class":84},[48,155649,94],{"class":62},[48,155651,3785],{"class":66},[48,155653,94],{"class":62},[48,155655,365],{"class":84},[48,155657,3326],{"class":84},[48,155659,272],{"class":488},[48,155661,365],{"class":84},[48,155663,489],{"class":488},[48,155665,17780],{"class":84},[48,155667,8948],{"class":84},[48,155669,94],{"class":62},[48,155671,1873],{"class":66},[48,155673,94],{"class":62},[48,155675,365],{"class":84},[48,155677,63],{"class":62},[48,155679,11458],{"class":66},[48,155681,94],{"class":62},[48,155683,1034],{"class":84},[48,155685,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155687,109],{"class":108},[48,155689,91],{"class":84},[48,155691,10874],{"class":108},[48,155693,91],{"class":84},[48,155695,59224],{"class":87},[48,155697,1034],{"class":84},[20,155699,155700],{},[565,155701,1037],{},[39,155703,155704],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155705,155706],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155707,155708],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155709,46323],{"class":488},[20,155711,155712,155714],{},[15,155713,42068],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[34,155716,155718],{"id":155717},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1200,155720,155722,155724],{"id":155721},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155723,42068],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[39,155726,155728],{"className":41,"code":155727,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155729,155730,155754],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155731,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155733,3776],{"class":54},[48,155735,59],{"class":58},[48,155737,8948],{"class":84},[48,155739,94],{"class":62},[48,155741,63289],{"class":66},[48,155743,94],{"class":62},[48,155745,365],{"class":84},[48,155747,63],{"class":62},[48,155749,43],{"class":66},[48,155751,94],{"class":62},[48,155753,102],{"class":84},[48,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155757,109],{"class":108},[48,155759,91],{"class":84},[48,155761,10874],{"class":108},[48,155763,91],{"class":84},[48,155765,3819],{"class":87},[48,155767,1034],{"class":84},[20,155769,155770],{},[565,155771,1037],{},[39,155773,155774],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155775,155776],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155777,155778],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155779,16773],{"class":488},[20,155781,155782,155783,155785],{},"This result is ",[15,155784,280],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155787,155788],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[39,155790,155792],{"className":41,"code":155791,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155793,155794,155818],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155795,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155797,3776],{"class":54},[48,155799,59],{"class":58},[48,155801,8948],{"class":84},[48,155803,94],{"class":62},[48,155805,63289],{"class":66},[48,155807,94],{"class":62},[48,155809,365],{"class":84},[48,155811,63],{"class":62},[48,155813,43],{"class":66},[48,155815,94],{"class":62},[48,155817,102],{"class":84},[48,155819,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155821,109],{"class":108},[48,155823,91],{"class":84},[48,155825,10874],{"class":108},[48,155827,91],{"class":84},[48,155829,3819],{"class":87},[48,155831,3605],{"class":84},[48,155833,578],{"class":488},[48,155835,2697],{"class":84},[20,155837,155838],{},[565,155839,1037],{},[39,155841,155842],{"className":41,"code":16773,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155843,155844],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155845,155846],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155847,16773],{"class":488},[20,155849,20487,155850,155853,155854,32],{},[15,155851,155852],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155855,155856],{},"\"hi\"",[1200,155858,155860,155862],{"id":155859},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155861,42068],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[39,155864,155866],{"className":41,"code":155865,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155867,155868,155904],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155869,155870,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900,155902],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155871,3528],{"class":54},[48,155873,59],{"class":58},[48,155875,9707],{"class":84},[48,155877,272],{"class":488},[48,155879,365],{"class":84},[48,155881,489],{"class":488},[48,155883,8945],{"class":84},[48,155885,8948],{"class":84},[48,155887,1764],{"class":488},[48,155889,365],{"class":84},[48,155891,878],{"class":488},[48,155893,8945],{"class":84},[48,155895,8948],{"class":84},[48,155897,1837],{"class":488},[48,155899,365],{"class":84},[48,155901,37354],{"class":488},[48,155903,1034],{"class":84},[48,155905,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155907,109],{"class":108},[48,155909,91],{"class":84},[48,155911,10874],{"class":108},[48,155913,91],{"class":84},[48,155915,5065],{"class":87},[48,155917,1034],{"class":84},[20,155919,155920],{},[565,155921,1037],{},[39,155923,155924],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,155925,155926],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155927,155928],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155929,46323],{"class":488},[20,155931,155932],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1200,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155938,25406],{},[39,155940,155942],{"className":41,"code":155941,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155943,155944,155956],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155945,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155947,2147],{"class":54},[48,155949,59],{"class":58},[48,155951,8948],{"class":84},[48,155953,2031],{"class":488},[48,155955,102],{"class":84},[48,155957,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,155959,109],{"class":108},[48,155961,91],{"class":84},[48,155963,2921],{"class":1047},[48,155965,91],{"class":84},[48,155967,362],{"class":87},[48,155969,1034],{"class":84},[20,155971,155972],{},[565,155973,1037],{},[39,155975,155977],{"className":41,"code":155976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155978,155979],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,155982,2990],{"class":58},[48,155984,2993],{"class":1767},[48,155986,2996],{"class":62},[48,155988,1887],{"class":66},[48,155990,3001],{"class":62},[48,155992,3004],{"class":58},[20,155994,155995],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[39,155997,155999],{"className":41,"code":155998,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156000,156001,156013,156027],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156002,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156004,2147],{"class":54},[48,156006,59],{"class":58},[48,156008,8948],{"class":84},[48,156010,2031],{"class":488},[48,156012,148892],{"class":84},[48,156014,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156016,109],{"class":108},[48,156018,91],{"class":84},[48,156020,2921],{"class":1047},[48,156022,91],{"class":84},[48,156024,362],{"class":87},[48,156026,1034],{"class":84},[48,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156030,109],{"class":108},[48,156032,91],{"class":84},[48,156034,10874],{"class":108},[48,156036,91],{"class":84},[48,156038,362],{"class":87},[48,156040,1034],{"class":84},[20,156042,156043],{},[565,156044,1037],{},[39,156046,156048],{"className":41,"code":156047,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156049,156050,156064],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156051,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156053,2990],{"class":58},[48,156055,2993],{"class":1767},[48,156057,2996],{"class":62},[48,156059,48660],{"class":66},[48,156061,3001],{"class":62},[48,156063,3004],{"class":58},[48,156065,156066],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156067,46623],{"class":488},[1200,156069,156071,156073],{"id":156070},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156072,10874],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156075,44135,156076,156078],{},[15,156077,10874],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156080,44166],{},[39,156082,156084],{"className":41,"code":156083,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156085,156086,156094,156114],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156087,156088,156090,156092],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156089,10874],{"class":108},[48,156091,12990],{"class":58},[48,156093,2286],{"class":488},[48,156095,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156097,3321],{"class":54},[48,156099,59],{"class":58},[48,156101,8948],{"class":84},[48,156103,272],{"class":488},[48,156105,365],{"class":84},[48,156107,489],{"class":488},[48,156109,365],{"class":84},[48,156111,2152],{"class":488},[48,156113,102],{"class":84},[48,156115,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156117,109],{"class":108},[48,156119,91],{"class":84},[48,156121,10874],{"class":108},[48,156123,91],{"class":84},[48,156125,3353],{"class":87},[48,156127,1034],{"class":84},[20,156129,39363,156130,156132],{},[15,156131,10874],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156134,156135],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[39,156137,156139],{"className":41,"code":156138,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156140,156141,156150,156170],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156142,156143,156146,156148],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156144,156145],{"class":54},"length_value ",[48,156147,59],{"class":58},[48,156149,2286],{"class":488},[48,156151,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156153,3321],{"class":54},[48,156155,59],{"class":58},[48,156157,8948],{"class":84},[48,156159,272],{"class":488},[48,156161,365],{"class":84},[48,156163,489],{"class":488},[48,156165,365],{"class":84},[48,156167,2152],{"class":488},[48,156169,102],{"class":84},[48,156171,156172,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156173,109],{"class":108},[48,156175,91],{"class":84},[48,156177,10874],{"class":108},[48,156179,91],{"class":84},[48,156181,3353],{"class":87},[48,156183,1034],{"class":84},[20,156185,156186],{},[565,156187,1037],{},[39,156189,156190],{"className":41,"code":46323,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156191,156192],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156193,156194],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156195,46323],{"class":488},[34,156197,156199],{"id":156198},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156201,156202,156204],{},[15,156203,42068],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1200,156206,156208],{"id":156207},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[39,156210,156212],{"className":41,"code":156211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156213,156214,156222,156226,156244],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156215,156216,156218,156220],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156217,7489],{"class":54},[48,156219,59],{"class":58},[48,156221,148878],{"class":84},[48,156223,156224],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156225,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,156227,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236,156238,156240,156242],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156229,6705],{"class":1107},[48,156231,38095],{"class":108},[48,156233,91],{"class":84},[48,156235,7520],{"class":87},[48,156237,3366],{"class":84},[48,156239,6116],{"class":58},[48,156241,961],{"class":488},[48,156243,1110],{"class":84},[48,156245,156246,156248,156250,156252,156255,156257],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156247,1138],{"class":108},[48,156249,91],{"class":84},[48,156251,94],{"class":62},[48,156253,156254],{"class":66},"The tuple is empty",[48,156256,94],{"class":62},[48,156258,102],{"class":84},[20,156260,156261],{},[565,156262,1037],{},[39,156264,156266],{"className":41,"code":156265,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156267,156268],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156269,156270,156272,156274,156276],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156271,765],{"class":54},[48,156273,48660],{"class":1047},[48,156275,7807],{"class":58},[48,156277,7813],{"class":54},[1200,156279,156281],{"id":156280},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[39,156283,156285],{"className":41,"code":156284,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156286,156287,156303,156307,156325],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156288,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156290,51087],{"class":54},[48,156292,59],{"class":58},[48,156294,8948],{"class":84},[48,156296,907],{"class":488},[48,156298,365],{"class":84},[48,156300,5701],{"class":488},[48,156302,102],{"class":84},[48,156304,156305],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156306,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,156308,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156310,6705],{"class":1107},[48,156312,38095],{"class":108},[48,156314,91],{"class":84},[48,156316,51112],{"class":87},[48,156318,3366],{"class":84},[48,156320,6116],{"class":58},[48,156322,489],{"class":488},[48,156324,1110],{"class":84},[48,156326,156327,156329,156331,156333,156336,156338],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156328,1138],{"class":108},[48,156330,91],{"class":84},[48,156332,94],{"class":62},[48,156334,156335],{"class":66},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[48,156337,94],{"class":62},[48,156339,102],{"class":84},[20,156341,156342],{},[565,156343,1037],{},[39,156345,156347],{"className":41,"code":156346,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156348,156349],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156350,156351,156354,156356],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156352,156353],{"class":54},"This looks like an x",[48,156355,365],{"class":84},[48,156357,156358],{"class":54}," y coordinate\n",[1200,156360,156362],{"id":156361},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[39,156364,156366],{"className":41,"code":156365,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156367,156368,156397,156401,156419],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156369,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156393,156395],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156371,11200],{"class":54},[48,156373,59],{"class":58},[48,156375,8948],{"class":84},[48,156377,94],{"class":62},[48,156379,12594],{"class":66},[48,156381,94],{"class":62},[48,156383,365],{"class":84},[48,156385,9018],{"class":488},[48,156387,365],{"class":84},[48,156389,63],{"class":62},[48,156391,156392],{"class":66},"Canada",[48,156394,94],{"class":62},[48,156396,102],{"class":84},[48,156398,156399],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156400,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,156402,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415,156417],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156404,6705],{"class":1107},[48,156406,38095],{"class":108},[48,156408,91],{"class":84},[48,156410,11294],{"class":87},[48,156412,3366],{"class":84},[48,156414,6116],{"class":58},[48,156416,2152],{"class":488},[48,156418,1110],{"class":84},[48,156420,156421,156423,156425,156427,156430,156432],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156422,1138],{"class":108},[48,156424,91],{"class":84},[48,156426,94],{"class":62},[48,156428,156429],{"class":66},"User record has the expected number of values",[48,156431,94],{"class":62},[48,156433,102],{"class":84},[20,156435,156436],{},[565,156437,1037],{},[39,156439,156441],{"className":41,"code":156440,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156442,156443],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156444,156445],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156446,156440],{"class":54},[1200,156448,156450],{"id":156449},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[39,156452,156454],{"className":41,"code":156453,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156455,156456,156488,156492,156512],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156457,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156459,35800],{"class":54},[48,156461,59],{"class":58},[48,156463,8948],{"class":84},[48,156465,94],{"class":62},[48,156467,224],{"class":66},[48,156469,94],{"class":62},[48,156471,365],{"class":84},[48,156473,63],{"class":62},[48,156475,4466],{"class":66},[48,156477,94],{"class":62},[48,156479,365],{"class":84},[48,156481,63],{"class":62},[48,156483,632],{"class":66},[48,156485,94],{"class":62},[48,156487,102],{"class":84},[48,156489,156490],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156491,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,156493,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156495,5665],{"class":1107},[48,156497,69234],{"class":54},[48,156499,3587],{"class":1107},[48,156501,53769],{"class":108},[48,156503,91],{"class":84},[48,156505,10874],{"class":108},[48,156507,91],{"class":84},[48,156509,35853],{"class":87},[48,156511,69249],{"class":84},[48,156513,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156515,1138],{"class":108},[48,156517,91],{"class":84},[48,156519,35864],{"class":87},[48,156521,365],{"class":84},[48,156523,69782],{"class":87},[48,156525,3605],{"class":84},[48,156527,35864],{"class":87},[48,156529,3593],{"class":84},[20,156531,156532],{},[565,156533,1037],{},[39,156535,156536],{"className":41,"code":35876,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,156537,156538,156544,156550],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156539,156540,156542],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156541,578],{"class":488},[48,156543,35885],{"class":54},[48,156545,156546,156548],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156547,272],{"class":488},[48,156549,35892],{"class":54},[48,156551,156552,156554],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156553,280],{"class":488},[48,156555,35899],{"class":54},[20,156557,156558,156559,156561,156562,32],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[224,156560,149209],{"href":149208},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[224,156563,150453],{"href":150452},[34,156565,1366],{"id":1365},[20,156567,156568],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[162,156570,156571,156579,156586,156591],{},[165,156572,156573,156574,10804,156577],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156575,156576],{},"(5)",[15,156578,149043],{},[165,156580,758,156581,156583,156584],{},[15,156582,10874],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156585,42068],{},[165,156587,1379,156588,156590],{},[15,156589,42068],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[165,156592,156593],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156595,31794],{},[39,156597,156599],{"className":41,"code":156598,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156600,156601,156611,156625,156639],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156602,156603,156605,156607,156609],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156604,109],{"class":108},[48,156606,91],{"class":84},[48,156608,147554],{"class":87},[48,156610,102],{"class":84},[48,156612,156613,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156614,109],{"class":108},[48,156616,91],{"class":84},[48,156618,2921],{"class":1047},[48,156620,91],{"class":84},[48,156622,147554],{"class":87},[48,156624,1034],{"class":84},[48,156626,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156628,109],{"class":108},[48,156630,91],{"class":84},[48,156632,10874],{"class":108},[48,156634,91],{"class":84},[48,156636,147554],{"class":87},[48,156638,1034],{"class":84},[48,156640,156641,156643,156645,156647],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156642,31864],{"class":108},[48,156644,91],{"class":84},[48,156646,10874],{"class":108},[48,156648,102],{"class":84},[20,156650,154763],{},[162,156652,156653,156656,156659,156663],{},[165,156654,156655],{},"what value you are using",[165,156657,156658],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[165,156660,25735,156661,11418],{},[15,156662,42068],{},[165,156664,123061,156665,156667],{},[15,156666,42068],{}," is documented in Python",[34,156669,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,156671,156673],{"id":156672},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156675,139,156676,156679],{},[15,156677,156678],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1200,156681,12418,156683,148713],{"id":156682},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156684,42068],{},[20,156686,46071,156687,156689],{},[15,156688,42068],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1200,156691,156693],{"id":156692},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156695,156696,156697,32],{},"The length is ",[15,156698,578],{},[1200,156700,156702],{"id":156701},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156704,150399,156705,156707],{},[15,156706,150402],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1200,156709,12418,156711,156713],{"id":156710},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156712,42068],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156715,156716],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[34,156718,1599],{"id":1598},[162,156720,156721,156727,156731,156735,156739],{},[165,156722,156723],{},[224,156724,3277,156725,3210],{"href":42065},[15,156726,42068],{},[165,156728,156729],{},[224,156730,155628],{"href":147539},[165,156732,156733],{},[224,156734,149209],{"href":149208},[165,156736,156737],{},[224,156738,150453],{"href":150452},[165,156740,156741],{},[224,156742,156743],{"href":148839},"What is a tuple in Python",[1633,156745,156746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":156748},[156749,156750,156751,156758,156764,156773,156779,156780,156789],{"id":14877,"depth":73,"text":14878},{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":155116,"depth":73,"text":156752,"children":156753},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156754,156755,156756,156757],{"id":155128,"depth":105,"text":155129},{"id":155195,"depth":105,"text":155196},{"id":155240,"depth":105,"text":155241},{"id":155289,"depth":105,"text":155290},{"id":155378,"depth":73,"text":155379,"children":156759},[156760,156761,156762,156763],{"id":155382,"depth":105,"text":155383},{"id":155457,"depth":105,"text":155196},{"id":155499,"depth":105,"text":155500},{"id":155633,"depth":105,"text":155634},{"id":155717,"depth":73,"text":155718,"children":156765},[156766,156768,156770,156771],{"id":155721,"depth":105,"text":156767},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155859,"depth":105,"text":156769},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155935,"depth":105,"text":155936},{"id":156070,"depth":105,"text":156772},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156198,"depth":73,"text":156199,"children":156774},[156775,156776,156777,156778],{"id":156207,"depth":105,"text":156208},{"id":156280,"depth":105,"text":156281},{"id":156361,"depth":105,"text":156362},{"id":156449,"depth":105,"text":156450},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":156781},[156782,156783,156785,156786,156787],{"id":156672,"depth":105,"text":156673},{"id":156682,"depth":105,"text":156784},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156692,"depth":105,"text":156693},{"id":156701,"depth":105,"text":156702},{"id":156710,"depth":105,"text":156788},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154900,"description":156790},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156797,"title":156798,"body":156799,"description":159184,"extension":1666,"meta":159185,"navigation":122,"path":159186,"seo":159187,"stem":159188,"__hash__":159189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156800,"toc":159145},[156801,156804,156807,156810,156833,156839,156841,156952,156956,156959,156969,156971,157070,157072,157149,157155,157159,157162,157185,157188,157205,157208,157210,157273,157275,157292,157303,157308,157310,157313,157319,157370,157372,157392,157396,157447,157449,157470,157474,157529,157531,157552,157556,157611,157613,157634,157638,157691,157693,157722,157724,157726,157729,157733,157790,157792,157813,157817,157870,157872,157897,157902,157906,157911,157929,157932,157995,157997,158018,158021,158082,158084,158105,158108,158151,158154,158158,158163,158167,158246,158248,158279,158283,158358,158360,158387,158391,158438,158440,158448,158453,158457,158460,158475,158477,158565,158567,158592,158595,158638,158647,158649,158652,158667,158670,158674,158728,158730,158750,158755,158759,158761,158799,158802,158852,158856,158929,158931,158968,158971,158973,158976,158996,158999,159068,159070,159083,159085,159089,159092,159096,159099,159104,159107,159113,159118,159120,159142],[10,156802,156798],{"id":156803},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156805,156806],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156808,156809],{},"Use this format:",[39,156811,156813],{"className":41,"code":156812,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156814,156815],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156816,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156818,48660],{"class":54},[48,156820,3605],{"class":84},[48,156822,390],{"class":54},[48,156824,503],{"class":84},[48,156826,75112],{"class":54},[48,156828,503],{"class":84},[48,156830,75115],{"class":54},[48,156832,3339],{"class":84},[20,156834,765,156835,75148,156837,32],{},[15,156836,75112],{},[565,156838,64760],{},[34,156840,37],{"id":36},[39,156842,156844],{"className":41,"code":156843,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156845,156846,156874,156878,156899,156916,156933],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156847,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156849,3321],{"class":54},[48,156851,59],{"class":58},[48,156853,8948],{"class":84},[48,156855,2031],{"class":488},[48,156857,365],{"class":84},[48,156859,7500],{"class":488},[48,156861,365],{"class":84},[48,156863,7505],{"class":488},[48,156865,365],{"class":84},[48,156867,50549],{"class":488},[48,156869,365],{"class":84},[48,156871,4787],{"class":488},[48,156873,102],{"class":84},[48,156875,156876],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,156877,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,156881,109],{"class":108},[48,156883,91],{"class":84},[48,156885,3353],{"class":87},[48,156887,3605],{"class":84},[48,156889,272],{"class":488},[48,156891,503],{"class":84},[48,156893,907],{"class":488},[48,156895,20163],{"class":84},[48,156897,156898],{"class":129},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[48,156900,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,156902,109],{"class":108},[48,156904,91],{"class":84},[48,156906,3353],{"class":87},[48,156908,75221],{"class":84},[48,156910,1764],{"class":488},[48,156912,20163],{"class":84},[48,156914,156915],{"class":129},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[48,156917,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,156919,109],{"class":108},[48,156921,91],{"class":84},[48,156923,3353],{"class":87},[48,156925,73808],{"class":84},[48,156927,280],{"class":488},[48,156929,20163],{"class":84},[48,156931,156932],{"class":129},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[48,156934,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,156936,109],{"class":108},[48,156938,91],{"class":84},[48,156940,3353],{"class":87},[48,156942,73808],{"class":84},[48,156944,1724],{"class":58},[48,156946,272],{"class":488},[48,156948,20163],{"class":84},[48,156950,156951],{"class":129},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[34,156953,156955],{"id":156954},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156957,156958],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[162,156960,156961,156963,156966],{},[165,156962,75415],{},[165,156964,156965],{},"The result is a new tuple",[165,156967,156968],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156970,182],{},[39,156972,156974],{"className":41,"code":156973,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156975,156976,157024,157028,157046,157050,157060],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,156977,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,156979,35800],{"class":54},[48,156981,59],{"class":58},[48,156983,8948],{"class":84},[48,156985,94],{"class":62},[48,156987,224],{"class":66},[48,156989,94],{"class":62},[48,156991,365],{"class":84},[48,156993,63],{"class":62},[48,156995,4466],{"class":66},[48,156997,94],{"class":62},[48,156999,365],{"class":84},[48,157001,63],{"class":62},[48,157003,632],{"class":66},[48,157005,94],{"class":62},[48,157007,365],{"class":84},[48,157009,63],{"class":62},[48,157011,18485],{"class":66},[48,157013,94],{"class":62},[48,157015,365],{"class":84},[48,157017,63],{"class":62},[48,157019,1247],{"class":66},[48,157021,94],{"class":62},[48,157023,102],{"class":84},[48,157025,157026],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157027,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157031,75345],{"class":54},[48,157033,59],{"class":58},[48,157035,69782],{"class":54},[48,157037,3605],{"class":84},[48,157039,272],{"class":488},[48,157041,503],{"class":84},[48,157043,907],{"class":488},[48,157045,3339],{"class":84},[48,157047,157048],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,157049,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157051,157052,157054,157056,157058],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,157053,109],{"class":108},[48,157055,91],{"class":84},[48,157057,75368],{"class":87},[48,157059,102],{"class":84},[48,157061,157062,157064,157066,157068],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,157063,109],{"class":108},[48,157065,91],{"class":84},[48,157067,35853],{"class":87},[48,157069,102],{"class":84},[20,157071,1037],{},[39,157073,157075],{"className":41,"code":157074,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157076,157077,157105],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157078,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157080,91],{"class":84},[48,157082,3001],{"class":62},[48,157084,4466],{"class":66},[48,157086,3001],{"class":62},[48,157088,365],{"class":84},[48,157090,2996],{"class":62},[48,157092,632],{"class":66},[48,157094,3001],{"class":62},[48,157096,365],{"class":84},[48,157098,2996],{"class":62},[48,157100,18485],{"class":66},[48,157102,3001],{"class":62},[48,157104,102],{"class":84},[48,157106,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157108,91],{"class":84},[48,157110,3001],{"class":62},[48,157112,224],{"class":66},[48,157114,3001],{"class":62},[48,157116,365],{"class":84},[48,157118,2996],{"class":62},[48,157120,4466],{"class":66},[48,157122,3001],{"class":62},[48,157124,365],{"class":84},[48,157126,2996],{"class":62},[48,157128,632],{"class":66},[48,157130,3001],{"class":62},[48,157132,365],{"class":84},[48,157134,2996],{"class":62},[48,157136,18485],{"class":66},[48,157138,3001],{"class":62},[48,157140,365],{"class":84},[48,157142,2996],{"class":62},[48,157144,1247],{"class":66},[48,157146,3001],{"class":62},[48,157148,102],{"class":84},[20,157150,157151,157152,32],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[224,157153,147536],{"href":157154},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[34,157156,157158],{"id":157157},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157160,157161],{},"The full syntax is:",[39,157163,157165],{"className":41,"code":157164,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157166,157167],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157168,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157170,147554],{"class":54},[48,157172,3605],{"class":84},[48,157174,390],{"class":54},[48,157176,503],{"class":84},[48,157178,75112],{"class":54},[48,157180,503],{"class":84},[48,157182,75115],{"class":54},[48,157184,3339],{"class":84},[20,157186,157187],{},"Each part has a job:",[162,157189,157190,157195,157200],{},[165,157191,157192,157194],{},[15,157193,390],{},": where slicing begins",[165,157196,157197,157199],{},[15,157198,75112],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[165,157201,157202,157204],{},[15,157203,75115],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157206,157207],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157209,182],{},[39,157211,157213],{"className":41,"code":157212,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157214,157215,157247,157251],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157216,157217,157219,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157218,3321],{"class":54},[48,157220,59],{"class":58},[48,157222,8948],{"class":84},[48,157224,2031],{"class":488},[48,157226,365],{"class":84},[48,157228,7500],{"class":488},[48,157230,365],{"class":84},[48,157232,7505],{"class":488},[48,157234,365],{"class":84},[48,157236,50549],{"class":488},[48,157238,365],{"class":84},[48,157240,4787],{"class":488},[48,157242,365],{"class":84},[48,157244,75785],{"class":488},[48,157246,102],{"class":84},[48,157248,157249],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157250,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157254,109],{"class":108},[48,157256,91],{"class":84},[48,157258,3353],{"class":87},[48,157260,3605],{"class":84},[48,157262,272],{"class":488},[48,157264,503],{"class":84},[48,157266,1837],{"class":488},[48,157268,503],{"class":84},[48,157270,280],{"class":488},[48,157272,3593],{"class":84},[20,157274,1037],{},[39,157276,157278],{"className":41,"code":157277,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157279,157280],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157281,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157283,91],{"class":84},[48,157285,15470],{"class":488},[48,157287,365],{"class":84},[48,157289,50549],{"class":488},[48,157291,102],{"class":84},[20,157293,157294,157295,157297,157298,157300,157301,32],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157296,272],{},", stops before index ",[15,157299,1837],{},", and moves by ",[15,157302,280],{},[20,157304,157305,157306,32],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[224,157307,149209],{"href":152635},[34,157309,75702],{"id":75701},[20,157311,157312],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1200,157314,157316,157317,5673],{"id":157315},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157318,954],{},[39,157320,157322],{"className":41,"code":157321,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157323,157324,157352,157356],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157325,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157327,3321],{"class":54},[48,157329,59],{"class":58},[48,157331,8948],{"class":84},[48,157333,2031],{"class":488},[48,157335,365],{"class":84},[48,157337,7500],{"class":488},[48,157339,365],{"class":84},[48,157341,7505],{"class":488},[48,157343,365],{"class":84},[48,157345,50549],{"class":488},[48,157347,365],{"class":84},[48,157349,4787],{"class":488},[48,157351,102],{"class":84},[48,157353,157354],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157355,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157357,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157359,109],{"class":108},[48,157361,91],{"class":84},[48,157363,3353],{"class":87},[48,157365,75221],{"class":84},[48,157367,1764],{"class":488},[48,157369,3593],{"class":84},[20,157371,1037],{},[39,157373,157374],{"className":41,"code":150901,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,157375,157376],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157379,91],{"class":84},[48,157381,2031],{"class":488},[48,157383,365],{"class":84},[48,157385,7500],{"class":488},[48,157387,365],{"class":84},[48,157389,7505],{"class":488},[48,157391,102],{"class":84},[1200,157393,157395],{"id":157394},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[39,157397,157399],{"className":41,"code":157398,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157400,157401,157429,157433],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157402,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157404,3321],{"class":54},[48,157406,59],{"class":58},[48,157408,8948],{"class":84},[48,157410,2031],{"class":488},[48,157412,365],{"class":84},[48,157414,7500],{"class":488},[48,157416,365],{"class":84},[48,157418,7505],{"class":488},[48,157420,365],{"class":84},[48,157422,50549],{"class":488},[48,157424,365],{"class":84},[48,157426,4787],{"class":488},[48,157428,102],{"class":84},[48,157430,157431],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157432,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157434,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157436,109],{"class":108},[48,157438,91],{"class":84},[48,157440,3353],{"class":87},[48,157442,3605],{"class":84},[48,157444,280],{"class":488},[48,157446,77400],{"class":84},[20,157448,1037],{},[39,157450,157452],{"className":41,"code":157451,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157453,157454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157455,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157457,91],{"class":84},[48,157459,36552],{"class":488},[48,157461,365],{"class":84},[48,157463,50549],{"class":488},[48,157465,365],{"class":84},[48,157467,4787],{"class":488},[48,157469,102],{"class":84},[1200,157471,157473],{"id":157472},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[39,157475,157477],{"className":41,"code":157476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157478,157479,157507,157511],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157480,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157482,3321],{"class":54},[48,157484,59],{"class":58},[48,157486,8948],{"class":84},[48,157488,2031],{"class":488},[48,157490,365],{"class":84},[48,157492,7500],{"class":488},[48,157494,365],{"class":84},[48,157496,7505],{"class":488},[48,157498,365],{"class":84},[48,157500,50549],{"class":488},[48,157502,365],{"class":84},[48,157504,4787],{"class":488},[48,157506,102],{"class":84},[48,157508,157509],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157510,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157514,109],{"class":108},[48,157516,91],{"class":84},[48,157518,3353],{"class":87},[48,157520,3605],{"class":84},[48,157522,272],{"class":488},[48,157524,503],{"class":84},[48,157526,907],{"class":488},[48,157528,3593],{"class":84},[20,157530,1037],{},[39,157532,157534],{"className":41,"code":157533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157535,157536],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157537,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157539,91],{"class":84},[48,157541,15470],{"class":488},[48,157543,365],{"class":84},[48,157545,7505],{"class":488},[48,157547,365],{"class":84},[48,157549,50549],{"class":488},[48,157551,102],{"class":84},[1200,157553,157555],{"id":157554},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[39,157557,157559],{"className":41,"code":157558,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157560,157561,157593,157597],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157562,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157564,3321],{"class":54},[48,157566,59],{"class":58},[48,157568,8948],{"class":84},[48,157570,2031],{"class":488},[48,157572,365],{"class":84},[48,157574,7500],{"class":488},[48,157576,365],{"class":84},[48,157578,7505],{"class":488},[48,157580,365],{"class":84},[48,157582,50549],{"class":488},[48,157584,365],{"class":84},[48,157586,4787],{"class":488},[48,157588,365],{"class":84},[48,157590,75785],{"class":488},[48,157592,102],{"class":84},[48,157594,157595],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157596,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157598,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157600,109],{"class":108},[48,157602,91],{"class":84},[48,157604,3353],{"class":87},[48,157606,73808],{"class":84},[48,157608,280],{"class":488},[48,157610,3593],{"class":84},[20,157612,1037],{},[39,157614,157616],{"className":41,"code":157615,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157617,157618],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157619,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157621,91],{"class":84},[48,157623,2031],{"class":488},[48,157625,365],{"class":84},[48,157627,7505],{"class":488},[48,157629,365],{"class":84},[48,157631,4787],{"class":488},[48,157633,102],{"class":84},[1200,157635,157637],{"id":157636},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[39,157639,157641],{"className":41,"code":157640,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157642,157643,157671,157675],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157644,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157646,3321],{"class":54},[48,157648,59],{"class":58},[48,157650,8948],{"class":84},[48,157652,2031],{"class":488},[48,157654,365],{"class":84},[48,157656,7500],{"class":488},[48,157658,365],{"class":84},[48,157660,7505],{"class":488},[48,157662,365],{"class":84},[48,157664,50549],{"class":488},[48,157666,365],{"class":84},[48,157668,4787],{"class":488},[48,157670,102],{"class":84},[48,157672,157673],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157674,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157676,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157678,109],{"class":108},[48,157680,91],{"class":84},[48,157682,3353],{"class":87},[48,157684,73808],{"class":84},[48,157686,1724],{"class":58},[48,157688,272],{"class":488},[48,157690,3593],{"class":84},[20,157692,1037],{},[39,157694,157696],{"className":41,"code":157695,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157697,157698],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157699,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157701,91],{"class":84},[48,157703,76479],{"class":488},[48,157705,365],{"class":84},[48,157707,50549],{"class":488},[48,157709,365],{"class":84},[48,157711,7505],{"class":488},[48,157713,365],{"class":84},[48,157715,7500],{"class":488},[48,157717,365],{"class":84},[48,157719,5712],{"class":488},[48,157721,102],{"class":84},[34,157723,75995],{"id":75994},[20,157725,153908],{},[20,157727,157728],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1200,157730,157732],{"id":157731},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[39,157734,157736],{"className":41,"code":157735,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157737,157738,157770,157774],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157739,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157741,3321],{"class":54},[48,157743,59],{"class":58},[48,157745,8948],{"class":84},[48,157747,2031],{"class":488},[48,157749,365],{"class":84},[48,157751,7500],{"class":488},[48,157753,365],{"class":84},[48,157755,7505],{"class":488},[48,157757,365],{"class":84},[48,157759,50549],{"class":488},[48,157761,365],{"class":84},[48,157763,4787],{"class":488},[48,157765,365],{"class":84},[48,157767,75785],{"class":488},[48,157769,102],{"class":84},[48,157771,157772],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157773,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157775,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157777,109],{"class":108},[48,157779,91],{"class":84},[48,157781,3353],{"class":87},[48,157783,3605],{"class":84},[48,157785,1724],{"class":58},[48,157787,1764],{"class":488},[48,157789,77400],{"class":84},[20,157791,1037],{},[39,157793,157795],{"className":41,"code":157794,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157796,157797],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157798,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157800,91],{"class":84},[48,157802,56392],{"class":488},[48,157804,365],{"class":84},[48,157806,4787],{"class":488},[48,157808,365],{"class":84},[48,157810,75785],{"class":488},[48,157812,102],{"class":84},[1200,157814,157816],{"id":157815},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[39,157818,157820],{"className":41,"code":157819,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157821,157822,157850,157854],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157823,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157825,3321],{"class":54},[48,157827,59],{"class":58},[48,157829,8948],{"class":84},[48,157831,2031],{"class":488},[48,157833,365],{"class":84},[48,157835,7500],{"class":488},[48,157837,365],{"class":84},[48,157839,7505],{"class":488},[48,157841,365],{"class":84},[48,157843,50549],{"class":488},[48,157845,365],{"class":84},[48,157847,4787],{"class":488},[48,157849,102],{"class":84},[48,157851,157852],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157853,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157855,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157857,109],{"class":108},[48,157859,91],{"class":84},[48,157861,3353],{"class":87},[48,157863,75221],{"class":84},[48,157865,1724],{"class":58},[48,157867,272],{"class":488},[48,157869,3593],{"class":84},[20,157871,1037],{},[39,157873,157875],{"className":41,"code":157874,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157876,157877],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157878,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157880,91],{"class":84},[48,157882,2031],{"class":488},[48,157884,365],{"class":84},[48,157886,7500],{"class":488},[48,157888,365],{"class":84},[48,157890,7505],{"class":488},[48,157892,365],{"class":84},[48,157894,50549],{"class":488},[48,157896,102],{"class":84},[20,157898,157899,157900,32],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[224,157901,150458],{"href":156792},[34,157903,157905],{"id":157904},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157907,765,157908,157910],{},[15,157909,75115],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[162,157912,157913,157915,157917,157923],{},[165,157914,76251],{},[165,157916,76254],{},[165,157918,157919,157922],{},[15,157920,157921],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[165,157924,157925,157926,157928],{},"A step of ",[15,157927,578],{}," is not allowed",[20,157930,157931],{},"Example with a positive step:",[39,157933,157935],{"className":41,"code":157934,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157936,157937,157969,157973],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,157940,3321],{"class":54},[48,157942,59],{"class":58},[48,157944,8948],{"class":84},[48,157946,2031],{"class":488},[48,157948,365],{"class":84},[48,157950,7500],{"class":488},[48,157952,365],{"class":84},[48,157954,7505],{"class":488},[48,157956,365],{"class":84},[48,157958,50549],{"class":488},[48,157960,365],{"class":84},[48,157962,4787],{"class":488},[48,157964,365],{"class":84},[48,157966,75785],{"class":488},[48,157968,102],{"class":84},[48,157970,157971],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,157972,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,157974,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,157976,109],{"class":108},[48,157978,91],{"class":84},[48,157980,3353],{"class":87},[48,157982,3605],{"class":84},[48,157984,272],{"class":488},[48,157986,503],{"class":84},[48,157988,80278],{"class":488},[48,157990,503],{"class":84},[48,157992,280],{"class":488},[48,157994,3593],{"class":84},[20,157996,1037],{},[39,157998,158000],{"className":41,"code":157999,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158001,158002],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158005,91],{"class":84},[48,158007,15470],{"class":488},[48,158009,365],{"class":84},[48,158011,50549],{"class":488},[48,158013,365],{"class":84},[48,158015,75785],{"class":488},[48,158017,102],{"class":84},[20,158019,158020],{},"Example with a negative step:",[39,158022,158024],{"className":41,"code":158023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158025,158026,158054,158058],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158027,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158029,3321],{"class":54},[48,158031,59],{"class":58},[48,158033,8948],{"class":84},[48,158035,2031],{"class":488},[48,158037,365],{"class":84},[48,158039,7500],{"class":488},[48,158041,365],{"class":84},[48,158043,7505],{"class":488},[48,158045,365],{"class":84},[48,158047,50549],{"class":488},[48,158049,365],{"class":84},[48,158051,4787],{"class":488},[48,158053,102],{"class":84},[48,158055,158056],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158057,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158059,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158061,109],{"class":108},[48,158063,91],{"class":84},[48,158065,3353],{"class":87},[48,158067,3605],{"class":84},[48,158069,907],{"class":488},[48,158071,503],{"class":84},[48,158073,272],{"class":488},[48,158075,503],{"class":84},[48,158077,1724],{"class":58},[48,158079,272],{"class":488},[48,158081,3593],{"class":84},[20,158083,1037],{},[39,158085,158087],{"className":41,"code":158086,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158088,158089],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158090,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158092,91],{"class":84},[48,158094,76479],{"class":488},[48,158096,365],{"class":84},[48,158098,50549],{"class":488},[48,158100,365],{"class":84},[48,158102,7505],{"class":488},[48,158104,102],{"class":84},[20,158106,158107],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[39,158109,158111],{"className":41,"code":158110,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158112,158113,158133,158137],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158114,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158116,3321],{"class":54},[48,158118,59],{"class":58},[48,158120,8948],{"class":84},[48,158122,2031],{"class":488},[48,158124,365],{"class":84},[48,158126,7500],{"class":488},[48,158128,365],{"class":84},[48,158130,7505],{"class":488},[48,158132,102],{"class":84},[48,158134,158135],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158136,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158138,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158140,109],{"class":108},[48,158142,91],{"class":84},[48,158144,3353],{"class":87},[48,158146,73808],{"class":84},[48,158148,578],{"class":488},[48,158150,3593],{"class":84},[20,158152,158153],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[34,158155,158157],{"id":158156},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158159,158160,158161,33454],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[565,158162,48660],{},[1200,158164,158166],{"id":158165},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[39,158168,158170],{"className":41,"code":158169,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158171,158172,158196,158200,158218,158222,158232],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158173,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158175,3321],{"class":54},[48,158177,59],{"class":58},[48,158179,8948],{"class":84},[48,158181,2031],{"class":488},[48,158183,365],{"class":84},[48,158185,7500],{"class":488},[48,158187,365],{"class":84},[48,158189,7505],{"class":488},[48,158191,365],{"class":84},[48,158193,50549],{"class":488},[48,158195,102],{"class":84},[48,158197,158198],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158199,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158201,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158203,1929],{"class":54},[48,158205,59],{"class":58},[48,158207,3969],{"class":54},[48,158209,3605],{"class":84},[48,158211,272],{"class":488},[48,158213,503],{"class":84},[48,158215,1764],{"class":488},[48,158217,3339],{"class":84},[48,158219,158220],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,158221,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158223,158224,158226,158228,158230],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,158225,109],{"class":108},[48,158227,91],{"class":84},[48,158229,1964],{"class":87},[48,158231,102],{"class":84},[48,158233,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,158235,109],{"class":108},[48,158237,91],{"class":84},[48,158239,2921],{"class":1047},[48,158241,91],{"class":84},[48,158243,1964],{"class":87},[48,158245,1034],{"class":84},[20,158247,1037],{},[39,158249,158251],{"className":41,"code":158250,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158252,158253,158265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158254,158255,158257,158259,158261,158263],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158256,91],{"class":84},[48,158258,15470],{"class":488},[48,158260,365],{"class":84},[48,158262,7505],{"class":488},[48,158264,102],{"class":84},[48,158266,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158268,2990],{"class":58},[48,158270,2993],{"class":1767},[48,158272,2996],{"class":62},[48,158274,48660],{"class":66},[48,158276,3001],{"class":62},[48,158278,3004],{"class":58},[1200,158280,158282],{"id":158281},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[39,158284,158286],{"className":41,"code":158285,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158287,158288,158308,158312,158330,158334,158344],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158291,3321],{"class":54},[48,158293,59],{"class":58},[48,158295,8948],{"class":84},[48,158297,2031],{"class":488},[48,158299,365],{"class":84},[48,158301,7500],{"class":488},[48,158303,365],{"class":84},[48,158305,7505],{"class":488},[48,158307,102],{"class":84},[48,158309,158310],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158311,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158313,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158315,1929],{"class":54},[48,158317,59],{"class":58},[48,158319,3969],{"class":54},[48,158321,3605],{"class":84},[48,158323,272],{"class":488},[48,158325,503],{"class":84},[48,158327,280],{"class":488},[48,158329,3339],{"class":84},[48,158331,158332],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,158333,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158335,158336,158338,158340,158342],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,158337,109],{"class":108},[48,158339,91],{"class":84},[48,158341,1964],{"class":87},[48,158343,102],{"class":84},[48,158345,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,158347,109],{"class":108},[48,158349,91],{"class":84},[48,158351,2921],{"class":1047},[48,158353,91],{"class":84},[48,158355,1964],{"class":87},[48,158357,1034],{"class":84},[20,158359,1037],{},[39,158361,158363],{"className":41,"code":158362,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158364,158365,158373],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158366,158367,158369,158371],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158368,91],{"class":84},[48,158370,15470],{"class":488},[48,158372,148892],{"class":84},[48,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158376,2990],{"class":58},[48,158378,2993],{"class":1767},[48,158380,2996],{"class":62},[48,158382,48660],{"class":66},[48,158384,3001],{"class":62},[48,158386,3004],{"class":58},[1200,158388,158390],{"id":158389},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[39,158392,158394],{"className":41,"code":158393,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158395,158396,158416,158420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158397,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158399,3321],{"class":54},[48,158401,59],{"class":58},[48,158403,8948],{"class":84},[48,158405,2031],{"class":488},[48,158407,365],{"class":84},[48,158409,7500],{"class":488},[48,158411,365],{"class":84},[48,158413,7505],{"class":488},[48,158415,102],{"class":84},[48,158417,158418],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158419,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158421,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158423,109],{"class":108},[48,158425,91],{"class":84},[48,158427,3353],{"class":87},[48,158429,3605],{"class":84},[48,158431,1837],{"class":488},[48,158433,503],{"class":84},[48,158435,2046],{"class":488},[48,158437,3593],{"class":84},[20,158439,1037],{},[39,158441,158442],{"className":41,"code":8353,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,158443,158444],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158445,158446],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158447,8353],{"class":84},[20,158449,158450,158451,32],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[224,158452,155628],{"href":150515},[34,158454,158456],{"id":158455},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158458,158459],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[162,158461,158462,158464,158467,158472],{},[165,158463,76559],{},[165,158465,158466],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[165,158468,158469,158470],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158471,70417],{},[165,158473,158474],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158476,182],{},[39,158478,158480],{"className":41,"code":158479,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158481,158482,158502,158506,158523,158544],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158483,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158485,3321],{"class":54},[48,158487,59],{"class":58},[48,158489,8948],{"class":84},[48,158491,2031],{"class":488},[48,158493,365],{"class":84},[48,158495,7500],{"class":488},[48,158497,365],{"class":84},[48,158499,7505],{"class":488},[48,158501,102],{"class":84},[48,158503,158504],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158505,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158507,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158509,109],{"class":108},[48,158511,91],{"class":84},[48,158513,3353],{"class":87},[48,158515,3605],{"class":84},[48,158517,272],{"class":488},[48,158519,20163],{"class":84},[48,158521,158522],{"class":129},"    # one item\n",[48,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,158526,109],{"class":108},[48,158528,91],{"class":84},[48,158530,3353],{"class":87},[48,158532,3605],{"class":84},[48,158534,272],{"class":488},[48,158536,503],{"class":84},[48,158538,1837],{"class":488},[48,158540,20163],{"class":84},[48,158542,158543],{"class":129},"  # slice\n",[48,158545,158546,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,158547,109],{"class":108},[48,158549,91],{"class":84},[48,158551,3353],{"class":87},[48,158553,3605],{"class":84},[48,158555,1837],{"class":488},[48,158557,503],{"class":84},[48,158559,2046],{"class":488},[48,158561,20163],{"class":84},[48,158563,158564],{"class":129},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158566,1037],{},[39,158568,158570],{"className":41,"code":158569,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158571,158572,158576,158588],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158573,158574],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158575,70910],{"class":488},[48,158577,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158579,91],{"class":84},[48,158581,15470],{"class":488},[48,158583,365],{"class":84},[48,158585,7505],{"class":488},[48,158587,102],{"class":84},[48,158589,158590],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158591,8353],{"class":84},[20,158593,158594],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[39,158596,158598],{"className":41,"code":158597,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158599,158600,158620,158624],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158601,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158603,3321],{"class":54},[48,158605,59],{"class":58},[48,158607,8948],{"class":84},[48,158609,2031],{"class":488},[48,158611,365],{"class":84},[48,158613,7500],{"class":488},[48,158615,365],{"class":84},[48,158617,7505],{"class":488},[48,158619,102],{"class":84},[48,158621,158622],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158623,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158625,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158627,109],{"class":108},[48,158629,91],{"class":84},[48,158631,3353],{"class":87},[48,158633,3605],{"class":84},[48,158635,1837],{"class":488},[48,158637,3593],{"class":84},[20,158639,158640,158641,158643,158644,32],{},"This raises an ",[15,158642,70417],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[224,158645,154381],{"href":158646},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[34,158648,14892],{"id":76826},[20,158650,158651],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[162,158653,158654,158657,158659,158662],{},[165,158655,158656],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[165,158658,60388],{},[165,158660,158661],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[165,158663,158664,158665],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158666,578],{},[20,158668,158669],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1200,158671,158673],{"id":158672},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[39,158675,158676],{"className":41,"code":157476,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,158677,158678,158706,158710],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158679,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158681,3321],{"class":54},[48,158683,59],{"class":58},[48,158685,8948],{"class":84},[48,158687,2031],{"class":488},[48,158689,365],{"class":84},[48,158691,7500],{"class":488},[48,158693,365],{"class":84},[48,158695,7505],{"class":488},[48,158697,365],{"class":84},[48,158699,50549],{"class":488},[48,158701,365],{"class":84},[48,158703,4787],{"class":488},[48,158705,102],{"class":84},[48,158707,158708],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158709,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158711,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158713,109],{"class":108},[48,158715,91],{"class":84},[48,158717,3353],{"class":87},[48,158719,3605],{"class":84},[48,158721,272],{"class":488},[48,158723,503],{"class":84},[48,158725,907],{"class":488},[48,158727,3593],{"class":84},[20,158729,1037],{},[39,158731,158732],{"className":41,"code":157533,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,158733,158734],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158735,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158737,91],{"class":84},[48,158739,15470],{"class":488},[48,158741,365],{"class":84},[48,158743,7505],{"class":488},[48,158745,365],{"class":84},[48,158747,50549],{"class":488},[48,158749,102],{"class":84},[20,158751,575,158752,158754],{},[15,158753,907],{}," is not included.",[1200,158756,158758],{"id":158757},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158760,4232],{},[39,158762,158764],{"className":41,"code":158763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158765,158766,158790,158794],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158767,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158769,3321],{"class":54},[48,158771,59],{"class":58},[48,158773,8948],{"class":84},[48,158775,2031],{"class":488},[48,158777,365],{"class":84},[48,158779,7500],{"class":488},[48,158781,365],{"class":84},[48,158783,7505],{"class":488},[48,158785,365],{"class":84},[48,158787,50549],{"class":488},[48,158789,102],{"class":84},[48,158791,158792],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158793,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158795,158796],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158797,158798],{"class":129},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158800,158801],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[39,158803,158804],{"className":41,"code":154461,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,158805,158806,158830,158834],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158807,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158809,3321],{"class":54},[48,158811,59],{"class":58},[48,158813,8948],{"class":84},[48,158815,2031],{"class":488},[48,158817,365],{"class":84},[48,158819,7500],{"class":488},[48,158821,365],{"class":84},[48,158823,7505],{"class":488},[48,158825,365],{"class":84},[48,158827,50549],{"class":488},[48,158829,102],{"class":84},[48,158831,158832],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158833,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158835,158836,158838,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158837,109],{"class":108},[48,158839,91],{"class":84},[48,158841,3353],{"class":87},[48,158843,3605],{"class":84},[48,158845,272],{"class":488},[48,158847,503],{"class":84},[48,158849,1764],{"class":488},[48,158851,3593],{"class":84},[1200,158853,158855],{"id":158854},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[39,158857,158859],{"className":41,"code":158858,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158860,158861,158885,158889,158904,158908,158919],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158862,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158864,3321],{"class":54},[48,158866,59],{"class":58},[48,158868,8948],{"class":84},[48,158870,2031],{"class":488},[48,158872,365],{"class":84},[48,158874,7500],{"class":488},[48,158876,365],{"class":84},[48,158878,7505],{"class":488},[48,158880,365],{"class":84},[48,158882,50549],{"class":488},[48,158884,102],{"class":84},[48,158886,158887],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158888,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158890,158891,158894,158896,158898,158900,158902],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,158892,158893],{"class":54},"slice_result ",[48,158895,59],{"class":58},[48,158897,3969],{"class":54},[48,158899,75221],{"class":84},[48,158901,280],{"class":488},[48,158903,3339],{"class":84},[48,158905,158906],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,158907,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,158909,158910,158912,158914,158917],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,158911,109],{"class":108},[48,158913,91],{"class":84},[48,158915,158916],{"class":87},"slice_result",[48,158918,102],{"class":84},[48,158920,158921,158923,158925,158927],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,158922,109],{"class":108},[48,158924,91],{"class":84},[48,158926,3353],{"class":87},[48,158928,102],{"class":84},[20,158930,1037],{},[39,158932,158934],{"className":41,"code":158933,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158935,158936,158948],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,158937,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,158939,91],{"class":84},[48,158941,2031],{"class":488},[48,158943,365],{"class":84},[48,158945,7500],{"class":488},[48,158947,102],{"class":84},[48,158949,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,158951,91],{"class":84},[48,158953,2031],{"class":488},[48,158955,365],{"class":84},[48,158957,7500],{"class":488},[48,158959,365],{"class":84},[48,158961,7505],{"class":488},[48,158963,365],{"class":84},[48,158965,50549],{"class":488},[48,158967,102],{"class":84},[20,158969,158970],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[34,158972,113410],{"id":113409},[20,158974,158975],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[162,158977,158978,158981,158984,158990,158993],{},[165,158979,158980],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[165,158982,158983],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[165,158985,158986,158987],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158988,158989],{},"tuple[::0]",[165,158991,158992],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[165,158994,158995],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158997,158998],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[39,159000,159002],{"className":41,"code":159001,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159003,159004,159014,159032,159054],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159005,159006,159008,159010,159012],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159007,109],{"class":108},[48,159009,91],{"class":84},[48,159011,147554],{"class":87},[48,159013,102],{"class":84},[48,159015,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159017,109],{"class":108},[48,159019,91],{"class":84},[48,159021,147554],{"class":87},[48,159023,3605],{"class":84},[48,159025,272],{"class":488},[48,159027,503],{"class":84},[48,159029,907],{"class":488},[48,159031,3593],{"class":84},[48,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159035,109],{"class":108},[48,159037,91],{"class":84},[48,159039,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159041,91],{"class":84},[48,159043,147554],{"class":87},[48,159045,3605],{"class":84},[48,159047,272],{"class":488},[48,159049,503],{"class":84},[48,159051,907],{"class":488},[48,159053,2697],{"class":84},[48,159055,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159057,109],{"class":108},[48,159059,91],{"class":84},[48,159061,10874],{"class":108},[48,159063,91],{"class":84},[48,159065,147554],{"class":87},[48,159067,1034],{"class":84},[20,159069,10883],{},[162,159071,159072,159074,159077,159080],{},[165,159073,154768],{},[165,159075,159076],{},"what the slice actually returns",[165,159078,159079],{},"that the result is a tuple",[165,159081,159082],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[34,159084,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,159086,159088],{"id":159087},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159090,159091],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1200,159093,159095],{"id":159094},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159097,159098],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1200,159100,4849,159102,39670],{"id":159101},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159103,157921],{},[20,159105,159106],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1200,159108,159110,159111,1564],{"id":159109},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159112,70417],{},[20,159114,159115,159116,32],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159117,70417],{},[34,159119,1599],{"id":1598},[162,159121,159122,159126,159130,159134,159138],{},[165,159123,159124],{},[224,159125,155628],{"href":150515},[165,159127,159128],{},[224,159129,149209],{"href":152635},[165,159131,159132],{},[224,159133,150458],{"href":156792},[165,159135,159136],{},[224,159137,147536],{"href":157154},[165,159139,159140],{},[224,159141,154381],{"href":158646},[1633,159143,159144],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":159146},[159147,159148,159149,159150,159158,159162,159163,159168,159169,159174,159175,159183],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":156954,"depth":73,"text":156955},{"id":157157,"depth":73,"text":157158},{"id":75701,"depth":73,"text":75702,"children":159151},[159152,159154,159155,159156,159157],{"id":157315,"depth":105,"text":159153},"Get the first n items",{"id":157394,"depth":105,"text":157395},{"id":157472,"depth":105,"text":157473},{"id":157554,"depth":105,"text":157555},{"id":157636,"depth":105,"text":157637},{"id":75994,"depth":73,"text":75995,"children":159159},[159160,159161],{"id":157731,"depth":105,"text":157732},{"id":157815,"depth":105,"text":157816},{"id":157904,"depth":73,"text":157905},{"id":158156,"depth":73,"text":158157,"children":159164},[159165,159166,159167],{"id":158165,"depth":105,"text":158166},{"id":158281,"depth":105,"text":158282},{"id":158389,"depth":105,"text":158390},{"id":158455,"depth":73,"text":158456},{"id":76826,"depth":73,"text":14892,"children":159170},[159171,159172,159173],{"id":158672,"depth":105,"text":158673},{"id":158757,"depth":105,"text":158758},{"id":158854,"depth":105,"text":158855},{"id":113409,"depth":73,"text":113410},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":159176},[159177,159178,159179,159181],{"id":159087,"depth":105,"text":159088},{"id":159094,"depth":105,"text":159095},{"id":159101,"depth":105,"text":159180},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159109,"depth":105,"text":159182},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156798,"description":159184},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159191,"title":159192,"body":159193,"description":161016,"extension":1666,"meta":161017,"navigation":122,"path":34520,"seo":161018,"stem":161019,"__hash__":161020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159194,"toc":160982},[159195,159200,159205,159209,159227,159230,159245,159251,159253,159310,159312,159344,159356,159362,159367,159370,159405,159411,159413,159416,159430,159433,159435,159458,159460,159478,159481,159497,159499,159502,159615,159617,159706,159709,159714,159720,159723,159726,159825,159827,159886,159891,159894,159963,159967,159999,160015,160020,160027,160034,160046,160048,160097,160099,160122,160128,160176,160181,160188,160196,160202,160205,160229,160232,160234,160310,160312,160337,160343,160346,160351,160355,160369,160371,160434,160436,160468,160471,160487,160489,160495,160502,160504,160523,160525,160543,160550,160555,160562,160564,160601,160604,160611,160615,160618,160676,160679,160682,160737,160739,160751,160757,160759,160763,160796,160803,160805,160868,160871,160873,160878,160892,160899,160907,160916,160925,160931,160937,160939,160979],[10,159196,3277,159198,3281],{"id":159197},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159199,2002],{},[20,159201,32029,159202,159204],{},[15,159203,2002],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159206,62461,159207,104254],{},[15,159208,2002],{},[162,159210,159211,159214,159217,159220],{},[165,159212,159213],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[165,159215,159216],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[165,159218,159219],{},"debug confusing code",[165,159221,159222,159223],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[224,159224,159225],{"href":7930},[15,159226,2656],{},[20,159228,159229],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[39,159231,159233],{"className":41,"code":159232,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"type(object)\n",[15,159234,159235],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159238,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159240,91],{"class":84},[48,159242,42106],{"class":1047},[48,159244,102],{"class":84},[20,159246,159247,159248,159250],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159249,2002],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[34,159252,3311],{"id":3310},[39,159254,159256],{"className":41,"code":159255,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159257,159258,159270,159284,159288,159296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159259,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159261,7587],{"class":54},[48,159263,59],{"class":58},[48,159265,63],{"class":62},[48,159267,4710],{"class":66},[48,159269,70],{"class":62},[48,159271,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159273,109],{"class":108},[48,159275,91],{"class":84},[48,159277,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159279,91],{"class":84},[48,159281,7377],{"class":87},[48,159283,1034],{"class":84},[48,159285,159286],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159287,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,159289,159290,159292,159294],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159291,1916],{"class":54},[48,159293,59],{"class":58},[48,159295,2286],{"class":488},[48,159297,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,159299,109],{"class":108},[48,159301,91],{"class":84},[48,159303,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159305,91],{"class":84},[48,159307,1939],{"class":87},[48,159309,1034],{"class":84},[20,159311,1037],{},[39,159313,159314],{"className":41,"code":124749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159315,159316,159330],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159319,2990],{"class":58},[48,159321,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159323,2996],{"class":62},[48,159325,3144],{"class":66},[48,159327,3001],{"class":62},[48,159329,3004],{"class":58},[48,159331,159332,159334,159336,159338,159340,159342],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159333,2990],{"class":58},[48,159335,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159337,2996],{"class":62},[48,159339,1887],{"class":66},[48,159341,3001],{"class":62},[48,159343,3004],{"class":58},[20,159345,139,159346,159349,159350,500,159353,32],{},[15,159347,159348],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159351,159352],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159354,159355],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[34,159357,12710,159359,159361],{"id":159358},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159360,2002],{}," function does",[20,159363,159364,159366],{},[15,159365,2002],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159368,159369],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[162,159371,159372,159377,159382,159387,159392,159397],{},[165,159373,159374,159376],{},[15,159375,3144],{}," for text",[165,159378,159379,159381],{},[15,159380,1887],{}," for whole numbers",[165,159383,159384,159386],{},[15,159385,1891],{}," for decimal numbers",[165,159388,159389,159391],{},[15,159390,7804],{}," for lists",[165,159393,159394,159396],{},[15,159395,8532],{}," for dictionaries",[165,159398,159399,68781,159401,500,159403],{},[15,159400,3572],{},[15,159402,3306],{},[15,159404,3379],{},[20,159406,159407,159408,159410],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159409,2002],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[34,159412,340],{"id":339},[20,159414,159415],{},"The main beginner form is:",[39,159417,159418],{"className":41,"code":159232,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159419,159420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159421,159422,159424,159426,159428],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159423,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159425,91],{"class":84},[48,159427,42106],{"class":1047},[48,159429,102],{"class":84},[20,159431,159432],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159434,182],{},[39,159436,159438],{"className":41,"code":159437,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159439,159440],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159441,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159443,109],{"class":108},[48,159445,91],{"class":84},[48,159447,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159449,91],{"class":84},[48,159451,94],{"class":62},[48,159453,1008],{"class":66},[48,159455,94],{"class":62},[48,159457,1034],{"class":84},[20,159459,1037],{},[39,159461,159462],{"className":41,"code":45477,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159463,159464],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159465,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159467,2990],{"class":58},[48,159469,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159471,2996],{"class":62},[48,159473,3144],{"class":66},[48,159475,3001],{"class":62},[48,159477,3004],{"class":58},[20,159479,159480],{},"You can pass either:",[162,159482,159483,159490],{},[165,159484,159485,159486,1358,159488],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159487,64228],{},[15,159489,46232],{},[165,159491,159492,159493,1358,159495],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159494,7377],{},[15,159496,9011],{},[34,159498,121569],{"id":121568},[20,159500,159501],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[39,159503,159505],{"className":41,"code":159504,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159506,159507,159525,159539,159553,159575,159601],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159508,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519,159521,159523],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159510,109],{"class":108},[48,159512,91],{"class":84},[48,159514,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159516,91],{"class":84},[48,159518,94],{"class":62},[48,159520,1008],{"class":66},[48,159522,94],{"class":62},[48,159524,1034],{"class":84},[48,159526,159527,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159528,109],{"class":108},[48,159530,91],{"class":84},[48,159532,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159534,91],{"class":84},[48,159536,2031],{"class":488},[48,159538,1034],{"class":84},[48,159540,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159542,109],{"class":108},[48,159544,91],{"class":84},[48,159546,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159548,91],{"class":84},[48,159550,39853],{"class":488},[48,159552,1034],{"class":84},[48,159554,159555,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159556,109],{"class":108},[48,159558,91],{"class":84},[48,159560,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159562,2684],{"class":84},[48,159564,272],{"class":488},[48,159566,365],{"class":84},[48,159568,489],{"class":488},[48,159570,365],{"class":84},[48,159572,2152],{"class":488},[48,159574,2697],{"class":84},[48,159576,159577,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,159578,109],{"class":108},[48,159580,91],{"class":84},[48,159582,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159584,5236],{"class":84},[48,159586,94],{"class":62},[48,159588,7377],{"class":66},[48,159590,94],{"class":62},[48,159592,503],{"class":84},[48,159594,63],{"class":62},[48,159596,4710],{"class":66},[48,159598,94],{"class":62},[48,159600,5245],{"class":84},[48,159602,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,159604,109],{"class":108},[48,159606,91],{"class":84},[48,159608,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159610,91],{"class":84},[48,159612,3306],{"class":3556},[48,159614,1034],{"class":84},[20,159616,1037],{},[39,159618,159620],{"className":41,"code":159619,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159621,159622,159636,159650,159664,159678,159692],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159623,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159625,2990],{"class":58},[48,159627,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159629,2996],{"class":62},[48,159631,3144],{"class":66},[48,159633,3001],{"class":62},[48,159635,3004],{"class":58},[48,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159639,2990],{"class":58},[48,159641,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159643,2996],{"class":62},[48,159645,1887],{"class":66},[48,159647,3001],{"class":62},[48,159649,3004],{"class":58},[48,159651,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159653,2990],{"class":58},[48,159655,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159657,2996],{"class":62},[48,159659,1891],{"class":66},[48,159661,3001],{"class":62},[48,159663,3004],{"class":58},[48,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159667,2990],{"class":58},[48,159669,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159671,2996],{"class":62},[48,159673,7804],{"class":66},[48,159675,3001],{"class":62},[48,159677,3004],{"class":58},[48,159679,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,159681,2990],{"class":58},[48,159683,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159685,2996],{"class":62},[48,159687,8532],{"class":66},[48,159689,3001],{"class":62},[48,159691,3004],{"class":58},[48,159693,159694,159696,159698,159700,159702,159704],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,159695,2990],{"class":58},[48,159697,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159699,2996],{"class":62},[48,159701,3572],{"class":66},[48,159703,3001],{"class":62},[48,159705,3004],{"class":58},[20,159707,159708],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159710,159711,159712,32],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[224,159713,44504],{"href":48685},[34,159715,758,159717,159719],{"id":159716},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159718,2002],{}," with variables",[20,159721,159722],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159724,159725],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[39,159727,159729],{"className":41,"code":159728,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159730,159731,159739,159757,159761,159773,159791,159795,159807],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159732,159733,159735,159737],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159734,2147],{"class":54},[48,159736,59],{"class":58},[48,159738,2286],{"class":488},[48,159740,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159742,109],{"class":108},[48,159744,91],{"class":84},[48,159746,362],{"class":87},[48,159748,365],{"class":84},[48,159750,49097],{"class":1047},[48,159752,91],{"class":84},[48,159754,362],{"class":87},[48,159756,1034],{"class":84},[48,159758,159759],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159760,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,159762,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159764,2147],{"class":54},[48,159766,59],{"class":58},[48,159768,63],{"class":62},[48,159770,45614],{"class":66},[48,159772,70],{"class":62},[48,159774,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,159776,109],{"class":108},[48,159778,91],{"class":84},[48,159780,362],{"class":87},[48,159782,365],{"class":84},[48,159784,49097],{"class":1047},[48,159786,91],{"class":84},[48,159788,362],{"class":87},[48,159790,1034],{"class":84},[48,159792,159793],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,159794,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,159796,159797,159799,159801,159803,159805],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,159798,2147],{"class":54},[48,159800,59],{"class":58},[48,159802,3326],{"class":84},[48,159804,2031],{"class":488},[48,159806,3339],{"class":84},[48,159808,159809,159811,159813,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823],{"class":50,"line":6133},[48,159810,109],{"class":108},[48,159812,91],{"class":84},[48,159814,362],{"class":87},[48,159816,365],{"class":84},[48,159818,49097],{"class":1047},[48,159820,91],{"class":84},[48,159822,362],{"class":87},[48,159824,1034],{"class":84},[20,159826,1037],{},[39,159828,159830],{"className":41,"code":159829,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159831,159832,159849,159866],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159833,159834,159836,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159835,2031],{"class":488},[48,159837,159838],{"class":58}," \u003C",[48,159840,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159842,2996],{"class":62},[48,159844,1887],{"class":66},[48,159846,3001],{"class":62},[48,159848,3004],{"class":58},[48,159850,159851,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159852,159853],{"class":54},"ten ",[48,159855,2990],{"class":58},[48,159857,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159859,2996],{"class":62},[48,159861,3144],{"class":66},[48,159863,3001],{"class":62},[48,159865,3004],{"class":58},[48,159867,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159869,3605],{"class":84},[48,159871,2031],{"class":488},[48,159873,12987],{"class":84},[48,159875,159838],{"class":58},[48,159877,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159879,2996],{"class":62},[48,159881,7804],{"class":66},[48,159883,3001],{"class":62},[48,159885,3004],{"class":58},[20,159887,159888,159890],{},[15,159889,2002],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159892,159893],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[39,159895,159897],{"className":41,"code":159896,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159898,159899,159917,159931,159935,159949],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159900,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911,159913,159915],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159902,3092],{"class":54},[48,159904,59],{"class":58},[48,159906,7953],{"class":108},[48,159908,91],{"class":84},[48,159910,94],{"class":62},[48,159912,41580],{"class":66},[48,159914,94],{"class":62},[48,159916,102],{"class":84},[48,159918,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159920,109],{"class":108},[48,159922,91],{"class":84},[48,159924,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159926,91],{"class":84},[48,159928,3118],{"class":87},[48,159930,1034],{"class":84},[48,159932,159933],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,159934,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,159936,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,159938,122681],{"class":54},[48,159940,59],{"class":58},[48,159942,44983],{"class":1047},[48,159944,91],{"class":84},[48,159946,3118],{"class":87},[48,159948,102],{"class":84},[48,159950,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,159952,109],{"class":108},[48,159954,91],{"class":84},[48,159956,2921],{"class":1047},[48,159958,91],{"class":84},[48,159960,122704],{"class":87},[48,159962,1034],{"class":84},[20,159964,40830,159965,40834],{},[15,159966,8905],{},[39,159968,159969],{"className":41,"code":124749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,159970,159971,159985],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,159972,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,159974,2990],{"class":58},[48,159976,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159978,2996],{"class":62},[48,159980,3144],{"class":66},[48,159982,3001],{"class":62},[48,159984,3004],{"class":58},[48,159986,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,159988,2990],{"class":58},[48,159990,2993],{"class":1767},[48,159992,2996],{"class":62},[48,159994,1887],{"class":66},[48,159996,3001],{"class":62},[48,159998,3004],{"class":58},[20,160000,45410,160001,160005,160006,1358,160010,160014],{},[224,160002,160003],{"href":7930},[15,160004,2656],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[224,160007,160008],{"href":2573},[15,160009,2576],{},[224,160011,160012],{"href":2579},[15,160013,2582],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160016,160017,160018,32],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[224,160019,8692],{"href":8691},[34,160021,160023,1188,160025],{"id":160022},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160024,2002],{},[15,160026,44512],{},[20,160028,160029,500,160031,160033],{},[15,160030,2002],{},[15,160032,44512],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[162,160035,160036,160041],{},[165,160037,160038,160040],{},[15,160039,2002],{}," tells you the exact type",[165,160042,160043,160045],{},[15,160044,44512],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160047,182],{},[39,160049,160051],{"className":41,"code":160050,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160052,160053,160061,160065,160079],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160054,160055,160057,160059],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160056,2147],{"class":54},[48,160058,59],{"class":58},[48,160060,34554],{"class":488},[48,160062,160063],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160064,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160068,109],{"class":108},[48,160070,91],{"class":84},[48,160072,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160074,91],{"class":84},[48,160076,362],{"class":87},[48,160078,1034],{"class":84},[48,160080,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160082,109],{"class":108},[48,160084,91],{"class":84},[48,160086,48582],{"class":108},[48,160088,91],{"class":84},[48,160090,362],{"class":87},[48,160092,365],{"class":84},[48,160094,44983],{"class":1047},[48,160096,1034],{"class":84},[20,160098,1037],{},[39,160100,160102],{"className":41,"code":160101,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160103,160104,160118],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160105,160106,160108,160110,160112,160114,160116],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160107,2990],{"class":58},[48,160109,2993],{"class":1767},[48,160111,2996],{"class":62},[48,160113,1887],{"class":66},[48,160115,3001],{"class":62},[48,160117,3004],{"class":58},[48,160119,160120],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160121,3685],{"class":3556},[20,160123,160124,160125,160127],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160126,44512],{}," is more practical.",[39,160129,160131],{"className":41,"code":160130,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160132,160133,160141,160145,160161],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160134,160135,160137,160139],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160136,2147],{"class":54},[48,160138,59],{"class":58},[48,160140,34554],{"class":488},[48,160142,160143],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160144,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160146,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160148,6705],{"class":1107},[48,160150,49320],{"class":108},[48,160152,91],{"class":84},[48,160154,362],{"class":87},[48,160156,365],{"class":84},[48,160158,44983],{"class":1047},[48,160160,8053],{"class":84},[48,160162,160163,160165,160167,160169,160172,160174],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160164,1138],{"class":108},[48,160166,91],{"class":84},[48,160168,94],{"class":62},[48,160170,160171],{"class":66},"This is an integer",[48,160173,94],{"class":62},[48,160175,102],{"class":84},[20,160177,139,160178,160180],{},[15,160179,2002],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160182,139,160183,160185,160186,6880],{},[15,160184,44512],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160187,6705],{},[20,160189,160190,160191,32],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[224,160192,3277,160194,3210],{"href":160193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160195,44512],{},[34,160197,160199,160200],{"id":160198},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160201,2002],{},[20,160203,160204],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[39,160206,160208],{"className":41,"code":160207,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160209,160210],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160211,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220,160223,160225,160227],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160213,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160215,91],{"class":84},[48,160217,7377],{"class":87},[48,160219,365],{"class":84},[48,160221,160222],{"class":87}," bases",[48,160224,365],{"class":84},[48,160226,8882],{"class":1047},[48,160228,102],{"class":84},[20,160230,160231],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160233,182],{},[39,160235,160237],{"className":41,"code":160236,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160238,160239,160282,160286,160296],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160240,160241,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160255,160257,160259,160262,160264,160266,160269,160271,160273,160275,160278,160280],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160242,160243],{"class":54},"Person ",[48,160245,59],{"class":58},[48,160247,49097],{"class":1047},[48,160249,91],{"class":84},[48,160251,94],{"class":62},[48,160253,160254],{"class":66},"Person",[48,160256,94],{"class":62},[48,160258,365],{"class":84},[48,160260,160261],{"class":84}," (),",[48,160263,10203],{"class":84},[48,160265,94],{"class":62},[48,160267,160268],{"class":66},"species",[48,160270,94],{"class":62},[48,160272,503],{"class":84},[48,160274,63],{"class":62},[48,160276,160277],{"class":66},"human",[48,160279,94],{"class":62},[48,160281,30207],{"class":84},[48,160283,160284],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160285,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160287,160288,160290,160292,160294],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160289,109],{"class":108},[48,160291,91],{"class":84},[48,160293,160254],{"class":87},[48,160295,102],{"class":84},[48,160297,160298,160300,160302,160304,160306,160308],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160299,109],{"class":108},[48,160301,91],{"class":84},[48,160303,160254],{"class":87},[48,160305,32],{"class":84},[48,160307,160268],{"class":24466},[48,160309,102],{"class":84},[20,160311,1037],{},[39,160313,160315],{"className":41,"code":160314,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160316,160317,160332],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160328,160330],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160320,2990],{"class":58},[48,160322,2993],{"class":1767},[48,160324,2996],{"class":62},[48,160326,160327],{"class":66},"__main__.Person",[48,160329,3001],{"class":62},[48,160331,3004],{"class":58},[48,160333,160334],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160335,160336],{"class":54},"human\n",[20,160338,160339,160340,160342],{},"Most beginners do ",[565,160341,1055],{}," need this form.",[20,160344,160345],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[34,160347,4667,160349],{"id":160348},"when-to-use-type",[15,160350,2002],{},[20,160352,160353,12158],{},[15,160354,2002],{},[162,160356,160357,160360,160363,160366],{},[165,160358,160359],{},"debug unexpected values",[165,160361,160362],{},"check what a conversion produced",[165,160364,160365],{},"learn Python data types",[165,160367,160368],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160370,5178],{},[39,160372,160374],{"className":41,"code":160373,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160375,160376,160388,160402,160406,160420],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160377,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160379,55],{"class":54},[48,160381,59],{"class":58},[48,160383,63],{"class":62},[48,160385,49953],{"class":66},[48,160387,70],{"class":62},[48,160389,160390,160392,160394,160396,160398,160400],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160391,1916],{"class":54},[48,160393,59],{"class":58},[48,160395,44983],{"class":1047},[48,160397,91],{"class":84},[48,160399,213],{"class":87},[48,160401,102],{"class":84},[48,160403,160404],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160405,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160407,160408,160410,160412,160414,160416,160418],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160409,109],{"class":108},[48,160411,91],{"class":84},[48,160413,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160415,91],{"class":84},[48,160417,213],{"class":87},[48,160419,1034],{"class":84},[48,160421,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,160423,109],{"class":108},[48,160425,91],{"class":84},[48,160427,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160429,91],{"class":84},[48,160431,1939],{"class":87},[48,160433,1034],{"class":84},[20,160435,1037],{},[39,160437,160438],{"className":41,"code":124749,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160439,160440,160454],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160441,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160443,2990],{"class":58},[48,160445,2993],{"class":1767},[48,160447,2996],{"class":62},[48,160449,3144],{"class":66},[48,160451,3001],{"class":62},[48,160453,3004],{"class":58},[48,160455,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160457,2990],{"class":58},[48,160459,2993],{"class":1767},[48,160461,2996],{"class":62},[48,160463,1887],{"class":66},[48,160465,3001],{"class":62},[48,160467,3004],{"class":58},[20,160469,160470],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160472,160473,160474,1888,160478,16789,160482,160486],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[224,160475,160476],{"href":41882},[15,160477,47390],{},[224,160479,160480],{"href":2573},[15,160481,2576],{},[224,160483,160484],{"href":2579},[15,160485,2582],{}," are often the next step.",[34,160488,25074],{"id":25073},[20,160490,160491,160492,160494],{},"A few things about ",[15,160493,2002],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1200,160496,160498,160501],{"id":160497},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160499,160500],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160503,64337],{},[39,160505,160507],{"className":41,"code":160506,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160508,160509],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160510,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519,160521],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160512,109],{"class":108},[48,160514,91],{"class":84},[48,160516,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160518,91],{"class":84},[48,160520,1837],{"class":488},[48,160522,1034],{"class":84},[20,160524,122600],{},[39,160526,160527],{"className":41,"code":155976,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160528,160529],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160530,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160532,2990],{"class":58},[48,160534,2993],{"class":1767},[48,160536,2996],{"class":62},[48,160538,1887],{"class":66},[48,160540,3001],{"class":62},[48,160542,3004],{"class":58},[20,160544,40615,160545,160547,160548,32],{},[565,160546,1055],{}," print just ",[15,160549,1887],{},[20,160551,6384,160552,160554],{},[15,160553,2002],{}," returns a class object.",[1200,160556,160558,1572,160560],{"id":160557},"input-returns-str",[15,160559,2656],{},[15,160561,3144],{},[20,160563,79226],{},[39,160565,160567],{"className":41,"code":160566,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160568,160569,160587],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160570,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579,160581,160583,160585],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160572,2147],{"class":54},[48,160574,59],{"class":58},[48,160576,7953],{"class":108},[48,160578,91],{"class":84},[48,160580,94],{"class":62},[48,160582,46016],{"class":66},[48,160584,94],{"class":62},[48,160586,102],{"class":84},[48,160588,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160590,109],{"class":108},[48,160592,91],{"class":84},[48,160594,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160596,91],{"class":84},[48,160598,362],{"class":87},[48,160600,1034],{"class":84},[20,160602,160603],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160605,160606,160607,1358,160609,32],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160608,2576],{},[15,160610,2582],{},[1200,160612,160614],{"id":160613},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160616,160617],{},"Avoid code like this:",[39,160619,160621],{"className":41,"code":160620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160622,160623,160631,160635,160661],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160624,160625,160627,160629],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160626,2147],{"class":54},[48,160628,59],{"class":58},[48,160630,34554],{"class":488},[48,160632,160633],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160634,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160636,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645,160647,160649,160651,160653,160655,160657,160659],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160638,6705],{"class":1107},[48,160640,48611],{"class":1047},[48,160642,91],{"class":84},[48,160644,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160646,91],{"class":84},[48,160648,362],{"class":87},[48,160650,229],{"class":84},[48,160652,6116],{"class":58},[48,160654,63],{"class":62},[48,160656,159355],{"class":66},[48,160658,94],{"class":62},[48,160660,1110],{"class":84},[48,160662,160663,160665,160667,160669,160672,160674],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160664,1138],{"class":108},[48,160666,91],{"class":84},[48,160668,94],{"class":62},[48,160670,160671],{"class":66},"It is an int",[48,160673,94],{"class":62},[48,160675,102],{"class":84},[20,160677,160678],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160680,160681],{},"Better options:",[39,160683,160685],{"className":41,"code":160684,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160686,160687,160695,160699,160719],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160688,160689,160691,160693],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160690,2147],{"class":54},[48,160692,59],{"class":58},[48,160694,34554],{"class":488},[48,160696,160697],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160698,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,160700,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709,160711,160713,160715,160717],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160702,109],{"class":108},[48,160704,91],{"class":84},[48,160706,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160708,91],{"class":84},[48,160710,362],{"class":87},[48,160712,3366],{"class":84},[48,160714,6116],{"class":58},[48,160716,44983],{"class":1047},[48,160718,102],{"class":84},[48,160720,160721,160723,160725,160727,160729,160731,160733,160735],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160722,109],{"class":108},[48,160724,91],{"class":84},[48,160726,48582],{"class":108},[48,160728,91],{"class":84},[48,160730,362],{"class":87},[48,160732,365],{"class":84},[48,160734,44983],{"class":1047},[48,160736,1034],{"class":84},[20,160738,1037],{},[39,160740,160741],{"className":41,"code":4211,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,160742,160743,160747],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160744,160745],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160746,3685],{"class":3556},[48,160748,160749],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160750,3685],{"class":3556},[20,160752,160753,160754,160756],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160755,44512],{}," is the more useful check.",[34,160758,1366],{"id":1365},[20,160760,14448,160761,503],{},[15,160762,2002],{},[162,160764,160765,160775,160784,160793],{},[165,160766,758,160767,160769,160770,160774],{},[15,160768,2002],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[224,160771,160772],{"href":7930},[15,160773,2656],{}," always returns a string",[165,160776,1379,160777,160779,160780,10804,160782],{},[15,160778,2002],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160781,1887],{},[15,160783,159355],{},[165,160785,758,160786,44336,160789,160792],{},[15,160787,160788],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160790,160791],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[165,160794,160795],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160797,160798,160799,32],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[224,160800,160802],{"href":160801},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160804,144130],{},[39,160806,160808],{"className":41,"code":160807,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160809,160810,160824,160834,160848,160858],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,160811,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,160813,109],{"class":108},[48,160815,91],{"class":84},[48,160817,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160819,91],{"class":84},[48,160821,362],{"class":87},[48,160823,1034],{"class":84},[48,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,160827,109],{"class":108},[48,160829,91],{"class":84},[48,160831,362],{"class":87},[48,160833,102],{"class":84},[48,160835,160836,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,160837,109],{"class":108},[48,160839,91],{"class":84},[48,160841,1428],{"class":108},[48,160843,91],{"class":84},[48,160845,362],{"class":87},[48,160847,1034],{"class":84},[48,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,160851,31864],{"class":108},[48,160853,91],{"class":84},[48,160855,2921],{"class":1047},[48,160857,102],{"class":84},[48,160859,160860,160862,160864,160866],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,160861,34085],{"class":108},[48,160863,91],{"class":84},[48,160865,362],{"class":87},[48,160867,102],{"class":84},[20,160869,160870],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[34,160872,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,160874,4849,160876,4852],{"id":160875},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160877,2002],{},[20,160879,160880,160881,1888,160883,1888,160885,1892,160887,160889,160890,32],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160882,3144],{},[15,160884,1887],{},[15,160886,7804],{},[15,160888,8532],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160891,159352],{},[1200,160893,14618,160895,56905,160897,1564],{"id":160894},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160896,2002],{},[15,160898,44512],{},[20,160900,46071,160901,160903,160904,160906],{},[15,160902,2002],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160905,44512],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1200,160908,4865,160910,160913,160914,1564],{"id":160909},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160911,160912],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160915,3144],{},[20,160917,28776,160918,160920,160921,1358,160923,160014],{},[15,160919,2656],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160922,2576],{},[15,160924,2582],{},[1200,160926,1579,160928,160930],{"id":160927},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160929,2002],{}," create classes?",[20,160932,160933,160934,32],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160935,160936],{},"type(object)",[34,160938,1599],{"id":1598},[162,160940,160941,160945,160951,160957,160961,160967,160973],{},[165,160942,160943],{},[224,160944,44504],{"href":48685},[165,160946,160947],{},[224,160948,3277,160949,3210],{"href":160193},[15,160950,44512],{},[165,160952,160953],{},[224,160954,3277,160955,3210],{"href":7930},[15,160956,2656],{},[165,160958,160959],{},[224,160960,8769],{"href":8691},[165,160962,160963],{},[224,160964,3277,160965,3210],{"href":2573},[15,160966,2576],{},[165,160968,160969],{},[224,160970,3277,160971,3210],{"href":2579},[15,160972,2582],{},[165,160974,160975],{},[224,160976,3277,160977,3210],{"href":41882},[15,160978,47390],{},[1633,160980,160981],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":160983},[160984,160985,160987,160988,160989,160991,160993,160995,160997,161004,161005,161015],{"id":3310,"depth":73,"text":3311},{"id":159358,"depth":73,"text":160986},"What the type() function does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":121568,"depth":73,"text":121569},{"id":159716,"depth":73,"text":160990},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160022,"depth":73,"text":160992},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160198,"depth":73,"text":160994},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160348,"depth":73,"text":160996},"When to use type()",{"id":25073,"depth":73,"text":25074,"children":160998},[160999,161001,161003],{"id":160497,"depth":105,"text":161000},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160557,"depth":105,"text":161002},"input() returns str",{"id":160613,"depth":105,"text":160614},{"id":1365,"depth":73,"text":1366},{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":161006},[161007,161009,161011,161013],{"id":160875,"depth":105,"text":161008},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160894,"depth":105,"text":161010},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160909,"depth":105,"text":161012},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160927,"depth":105,"text":161014},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159192,"description":161016},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161022,"title":161023,"body":161024,"description":163503,"extension":1666,"meta":163504,"navigation":122,"path":163505,"seo":163506,"stem":163507,"__hash__":163508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161025,"toc":163460},[161026,161031,161036,161045,161047,161147,161149,161174,161179,161184,161200,161203,161205,161207,161232,161235,161238,161321,161323,161372,161375,161497,161499,161572,161576,161579,161693,161695,161721,161723,161744,161749,161753,161758,161761,161865,161867,161884,161893,161896,161983,161985,161996,162001,162007,162012,162018,162021,162114,162116,162165,162171,162174,162275,162277,162330,162335,162339,162342,162441,162443,162482,162485,162490,162492,162497,162501,162614,162618,162715,162719,162807,162809,162826,162830,162953,162959,162965,162971,162976,162979,163006,163010,163012,163106,163109,163113,163116,163203,163206,163241,163243,163280,163283,163291,163296,163301,163375,163382,163384,163389,163392,163398,163401,163407,163412,163418,163423,163427,163430,163432,163457],[10,161027,3277,161029,3281],{"id":161028},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161030,64013],{},[20,161032,161033,161035],{},[15,161034,64013],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161037,161038,161039,161041,161042,161044],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161040,64013],{}," inside a ",[15,161043,5665],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[34,161046,37],{"id":36},[39,161048,161050],{"className":41,"code":161049,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161051,161052,161084,161104,161108,161133],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068,161070,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161055,4701],{"class":54},[48,161057,59],{"class":58},[48,161059,3326],{"class":84},[48,161061,94],{"class":62},[48,161063,12594],{"class":66},[48,161065,94],{"class":62},[48,161067,365],{"class":84},[48,161069,63],{"class":62},[48,161071,35652],{"class":66},[48,161073,94],{"class":62},[48,161075,365],{"class":84},[48,161077,63],{"class":62},[48,161079,35661],{"class":66},[48,161081,94],{"class":62},[48,161083,3339],{"class":84},[48,161085,161086,161088,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161087,4770],{"class":54},[48,161089,59],{"class":58},[48,161091,3326],{"class":84},[48,161093,13216],{"class":488},[48,161095,365],{"class":84},[48,161097,13221],{"class":488},[48,161099,365],{"class":84},[48,161101,28635],{"class":488},[48,161103,3339],{"class":84},[48,161105,161106],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161107,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161109,161110,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161111,5665],{"class":1107},[48,161113,35703],{"class":54},[48,161115,365],{"class":84},[48,161117,4812],{"class":54},[48,161119,3587],{"class":1107},[48,161121,161122],{"class":108}," zip",[48,161124,91],{"class":84},[48,161126,4745],{"class":87},[48,161128,365],{"class":84},[48,161130,4817],{"class":87},[48,161132,8053],{"class":84},[48,161134,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,161136,1138],{"class":108},[48,161138,91],{"class":84},[48,161140,7377],{"class":87},[48,161142,365],{"class":84},[48,161144,130525],{"class":87},[48,161146,102],{"class":84},[20,161148,1037],{},[39,161150,161152],{"className":41,"code":161151,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161153,161154,161160,161167],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161155,161156,161158],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161157,133429],{"class":54},[48,161159,32848],{"class":488},[48,161161,161162,161165],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161163,161164],{"class":54},"Ben ",[48,161166,32853],{"class":488},[48,161168,161169,161172],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161170,161171],{"class":54},"Cara ",[48,161173,32858],{"class":488},[20,161175,139,161176,161178],{},[15,161177,64013],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[34,161180,148,161182,152],{"id":161181},"what-zip-does",[15,161183,64013],{},[162,161185,161186,161191,161194,161197],{},[165,161187,161188,161190],{},[15,161189,64013],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[165,161192,161193],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[165,161195,161196],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[165,161198,161199],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161201,161202],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[34,161204,340],{"id":339},[20,161206,6926],{},[39,161208,161210],{"className":41,"code":161209,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161211,161212],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161213,161214,161216,161218,161221,161223,161226,161228,161230],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161215,64083],{"class":108},[48,161217,91],{"class":84},[48,161219,161220],{"class":87},"iterable1",[48,161222,365],{"class":84},[48,161224,161225],{"class":87}," iterable2",[48,161227,365],{"class":84},[48,161229,34167],{"class":108},[48,161231,102],{"class":84},[20,161233,161234],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161236,161237],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[39,161239,161241],{"className":41,"code":161240,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161242,161243,161263,161295,161299],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161244,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161246,3321],{"class":54},[48,161248,59],{"class":58},[48,161250,3326],{"class":84},[48,161252,272],{"class":488},[48,161254,365],{"class":84},[48,161256,489],{"class":488},[48,161258,365],{"class":84},[48,161260,2152],{"class":488},[48,161262,3339],{"class":84},[48,161264,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161266,35800],{"class":54},[48,161268,59],{"class":58},[48,161270,3326],{"class":84},[48,161272,94],{"class":62},[48,161274,224],{"class":66},[48,161276,94],{"class":62},[48,161278,365],{"class":84},[48,161280,63],{"class":62},[48,161282,4466],{"class":66},[48,161284,94],{"class":62},[48,161286,365],{"class":84},[48,161288,63],{"class":62},[48,161290,632],{"class":66},[48,161292,94],{"class":62},[48,161294,3339],{"class":84},[48,161296,161297],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161298,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161300,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161302,109],{"class":108},[48,161304,91],{"class":84},[48,161306,7804],{"class":1047},[48,161308,91],{"class":84},[48,161310,64083],{"class":108},[48,161312,91],{"class":84},[48,161314,3353],{"class":87},[48,161316,365],{"class":84},[48,161318,69782],{"class":87},[48,161320,2610],{"class":84},[20,161322,1037],{},[39,161324,161326],{"className":41,"code":161325,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161327,161328],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161329,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161331,21456],{"class":84},[48,161333,272],{"class":488},[48,161335,365],{"class":84},[48,161337,2996],{"class":62},[48,161339,224],{"class":66},[48,161341,3001],{"class":62},[48,161343,8945],{"class":84},[48,161345,8948],{"class":84},[48,161347,280],{"class":488},[48,161349,365],{"class":84},[48,161351,2996],{"class":62},[48,161353,4466],{"class":66},[48,161355,3001],{"class":62},[48,161357,8945],{"class":84},[48,161359,8948],{"class":84},[48,161361,1764],{"class":488},[48,161363,365],{"class":84},[48,161365,2996],{"class":62},[48,161367,632],{"class":66},[48,161369,3001],{"class":62},[48,161371,8961],{"class":84},[20,161373,161374],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[39,161376,161378],{"className":41,"code":161377,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161379,161380,161412,161432,161466,161470],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161381,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161383,4701],{"class":54},[48,161385,59],{"class":58},[48,161387,3326],{"class":84},[48,161389,94],{"class":62},[48,161391,12594],{"class":66},[48,161393,94],{"class":62},[48,161395,365],{"class":84},[48,161397,63],{"class":62},[48,161399,35652],{"class":66},[48,161401,94],{"class":62},[48,161403,365],{"class":84},[48,161405,63],{"class":62},[48,161407,35661],{"class":66},[48,161409,94],{"class":62},[48,161411,3339],{"class":84},[48,161413,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161415,4770],{"class":54},[48,161417,59],{"class":58},[48,161419,3326],{"class":84},[48,161421,13216],{"class":488},[48,161423,365],{"class":84},[48,161425,13221],{"class":488},[48,161427,365],{"class":84},[48,161429,28635],{"class":488},[48,161431,3339],{"class":84},[48,161433,161434,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161462,161464],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161435,161436],{"class":54},"grades ",[48,161438,59],{"class":58},[48,161440,3326],{"class":84},[48,161442,94],{"class":62},[48,161444,21960],{"class":66},[48,161446,94],{"class":62},[48,161448,365],{"class":84},[48,161450,63],{"class":62},[48,161452,30311],{"class":66},[48,161454,94],{"class":62},[48,161456,365],{"class":84},[48,161458,63],{"class":62},[48,161460,161461],{"class":66},"B+",[48,161463,94],{"class":62},[48,161465,3339],{"class":84},[48,161467,161468],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161469,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161471,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161495],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,161473,109],{"class":108},[48,161475,91],{"class":84},[48,161477,7804],{"class":1047},[48,161479,91],{"class":84},[48,161481,64083],{"class":108},[48,161483,91],{"class":84},[48,161485,4745],{"class":87},[48,161487,365],{"class":84},[48,161489,4817],{"class":87},[48,161491,365],{"class":84},[48,161493,161494],{"class":87}," grades",[48,161496,2610],{"class":84},[20,161498,1037],{},[39,161500,161502],{"className":41,"code":161501,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161503,161504],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161505,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161570],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161507,21456],{"class":84},[48,161509,3001],{"class":62},[48,161511,12594],{"class":66},[48,161513,3001],{"class":62},[48,161515,365],{"class":84},[48,161517,19616],{"class":488},[48,161519,365],{"class":84},[48,161521,2996],{"class":62},[48,161523,21960],{"class":66},[48,161525,3001],{"class":62},[48,161527,8945],{"class":84},[48,161529,8948],{"class":84},[48,161531,3001],{"class":62},[48,161533,35652],{"class":66},[48,161535,3001],{"class":62},[48,161537,365],{"class":84},[48,161539,13221],{"class":488},[48,161541,365],{"class":84},[48,161543,2996],{"class":62},[48,161545,30311],{"class":66},[48,161547,3001],{"class":62},[48,161549,8945],{"class":84},[48,161551,8948],{"class":84},[48,161553,3001],{"class":62},[48,161555,35661],{"class":66},[48,161557,3001],{"class":62},[48,161559,365],{"class":84},[48,161561,28635],{"class":488},[48,161563,365],{"class":84},[48,161565,2996],{"class":62},[48,161567,161461],{"class":66},[48,161569,3001],{"class":62},[48,161571,8961],{"class":84},[34,161573,161575],{"id":161574},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161577,161578],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[39,161580,161582],{"className":41,"code":161581,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161583,161584,161616,161636,161640,161664],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161585,161586,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161587,4701],{"class":54},[48,161589,59],{"class":58},[48,161591,3326],{"class":84},[48,161593,94],{"class":62},[48,161595,12594],{"class":66},[48,161597,94],{"class":62},[48,161599,365],{"class":84},[48,161601,63],{"class":62},[48,161603,35652],{"class":66},[48,161605,94],{"class":62},[48,161607,365],{"class":84},[48,161609,63],{"class":62},[48,161611,35661],{"class":66},[48,161613,94],{"class":62},[48,161615,3339],{"class":84},[48,161617,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161619,4770],{"class":54},[48,161621,59],{"class":58},[48,161623,3326],{"class":84},[48,161625,13216],{"class":488},[48,161627,365],{"class":84},[48,161629,13221],{"class":488},[48,161631,365],{"class":84},[48,161633,28635],{"class":488},[48,161635,3339],{"class":84},[48,161637,161638],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161639,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161641,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161643,5665],{"class":1107},[48,161645,35703],{"class":54},[48,161647,365],{"class":84},[48,161649,4812],{"class":54},[48,161651,3587],{"class":1107},[48,161653,161122],{"class":108},[48,161655,91],{"class":84},[48,161657,4745],{"class":87},[48,161659,365],{"class":84},[48,161661,4817],{"class":87},[48,161663,8053],{"class":84},[48,161665,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,161667,1138],{"class":108},[48,161669,91],{"class":84},[48,161671,22009],{"class":1767},[48,161673,94],{"class":66},[48,161675,8990],{"class":488},[48,161677,7377],{"class":87},[48,161679,22018],{"class":488},[48,161681,161682],{"class":66}," scored ",[48,161684,8990],{"class":488},[48,161686,85204],{"class":87},[48,161688,22018],{"class":488},[48,161690,94],{"class":66},[48,161692,102],{"class":84},[20,161694,1037],{},[39,161696,161698],{"className":41,"code":161697,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161699,161700,161707,161714],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161701,161702,161705],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161703,161704],{"class":54},"Ana scored ",[48,161706,32848],{"class":488},[48,161708,161709,161712],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161710,161711],{"class":54},"Ben scored ",[48,161713,32853],{"class":488},[48,161715,161716,161719],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161717,161718],{"class":54},"Cara scored ",[48,161720,32858],{"class":488},[20,161722,44637],{},[162,161724,161725,161734,161737],{},[165,161726,161727,161730,161731],{},[15,161728,161729],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161732,161733],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[165,161735,161736],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[165,161738,161739,500,161741,161743],{},[15,161740,7377],{},[15,161742,85204],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161745,161746,161747,32],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[224,161748,69299],{"href":69298},[34,161750,161752],{"id":161751},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161754,161755,161757],{},[15,161756,64013],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161759,161760],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[39,161762,161764],{"className":41,"code":161763,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161765,161766,161807,161823,161827,161851],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161767,161768,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161803,161805],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161769,4701],{"class":54},[48,161771,59],{"class":58},[48,161773,3326],{"class":84},[48,161775,94],{"class":62},[48,161777,12594],{"class":66},[48,161779,94],{"class":62},[48,161781,365],{"class":84},[48,161783,63],{"class":62},[48,161785,35652],{"class":66},[48,161787,94],{"class":62},[48,161789,365],{"class":84},[48,161791,63],{"class":62},[48,161793,35661],{"class":66},[48,161795,94],{"class":62},[48,161797,365],{"class":84},[48,161799,63],{"class":62},[48,161801,161802],{"class":66},"Dan",[48,161804,94],{"class":62},[48,161806,3339],{"class":84},[48,161808,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161810,4770],{"class":54},[48,161812,59],{"class":58},[48,161814,3326],{"class":84},[48,161816,13216],{"class":488},[48,161818,365],{"class":84},[48,161820,13221],{"class":488},[48,161822,3339],{"class":84},[48,161824,161825],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161826,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161828,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161849],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161830,5665],{"class":1107},[48,161832,35703],{"class":54},[48,161834,365],{"class":84},[48,161836,4812],{"class":54},[48,161838,3587],{"class":1107},[48,161840,161122],{"class":108},[48,161842,91],{"class":84},[48,161844,4745],{"class":87},[48,161846,365],{"class":84},[48,161848,4817],{"class":87},[48,161850,8053],{"class":84},[48,161852,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,161854,1138],{"class":108},[48,161856,91],{"class":84},[48,161858,7377],{"class":87},[48,161860,365],{"class":84},[48,161862,130525],{"class":87},[48,161864,102],{"class":84},[20,161866,1037],{},[39,161868,161870],{"className":41,"code":161869,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161871,161872,161878],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161873,161874,161876],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161875,133429],{"class":54},[48,161877,32848],{"class":488},[48,161879,161880,161882],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161881,161164],{"class":54},[48,161883,32853],{"class":488},[20,161885,1986,161886,500,161889,161892],{},[15,161887,161888],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161890,161891],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161894,161895],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[39,161897,161899],{"className":41,"code":161898,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161900,161901,161941,161957,161961],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161902,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161904,4701],{"class":54},[48,161906,59],{"class":58},[48,161908,3326],{"class":84},[48,161910,94],{"class":62},[48,161912,12594],{"class":66},[48,161914,94],{"class":62},[48,161916,365],{"class":84},[48,161918,63],{"class":62},[48,161920,35652],{"class":66},[48,161922,94],{"class":62},[48,161924,365],{"class":84},[48,161926,63],{"class":62},[48,161928,35661],{"class":66},[48,161930,94],{"class":62},[48,161932,365],{"class":84},[48,161934,63],{"class":62},[48,161936,161802],{"class":66},[48,161938,94],{"class":62},[48,161940,3339],{"class":84},[48,161942,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,161944,4770],{"class":54},[48,161946,59],{"class":58},[48,161948,3326],{"class":84},[48,161950,13216],{"class":488},[48,161952,365],{"class":84},[48,161954,13221],{"class":488},[48,161956,3339],{"class":84},[48,161958,161959],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,161960,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,161962,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,161964,109],{"class":108},[48,161966,91],{"class":84},[48,161968,10874],{"class":108},[48,161970,91],{"class":84},[48,161972,4745],{"class":87},[48,161974,8945],{"class":84},[48,161976,38095],{"class":108},[48,161978,91],{"class":84},[48,161980,16105],{"class":87},[48,161982,1034],{"class":84},[20,161984,1037],{},[39,161986,161988],{"className":41,"code":161987,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"4 2\n",[15,161989,161990],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,161991,161992,161994],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,161993,907],{"class":488},[48,161995,45296],{"class":488},[20,161997,161998,161999,32],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162000,64013],{},[34,162002,91794,162004,162006],{"id":162003},"converting-zip-output",[15,162005,64013],{}," output",[20,162008,28776,162009,162011],{},[15,162010,64013],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1200,162013,139,162015],{"id":162014},"use-listzip",[15,162016,162017],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162019,162020],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[39,162022,162024],{"className":41,"code":162023,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162025,162026,162058,162078,162082,162104],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162027,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162029,4701],{"class":54},[48,162031,59],{"class":58},[48,162033,3326],{"class":84},[48,162035,94],{"class":62},[48,162037,12594],{"class":66},[48,162039,94],{"class":62},[48,162041,365],{"class":84},[48,162043,63],{"class":62},[48,162045,35652],{"class":66},[48,162047,94],{"class":62},[48,162049,365],{"class":84},[48,162051,63],{"class":62},[48,162053,35661],{"class":66},[48,162055,94],{"class":62},[48,162057,3339],{"class":84},[48,162059,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162061,4770],{"class":54},[48,162063,59],{"class":58},[48,162065,3326],{"class":84},[48,162067,13216],{"class":488},[48,162069,365],{"class":84},[48,162071,13221],{"class":488},[48,162073,365],{"class":84},[48,162075,28635],{"class":488},[48,162077,3339],{"class":84},[48,162079,162080],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162081,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162083,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162085,8927],{"class":54},[48,162087,59],{"class":58},[48,162089,22275],{"class":1047},[48,162091,91],{"class":84},[48,162093,64083],{"class":108},[48,162095,91],{"class":84},[48,162097,4745],{"class":87},[48,162099,365],{"class":84},[48,162101,4817],{"class":87},[48,162103,1034],{"class":84},[48,162105,162106,162108,162110,162112],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162107,109],{"class":108},[48,162109,91],{"class":84},[48,162111,8974],{"class":87},[48,162113,102],{"class":84},[20,162115,1037],{},[39,162117,162119],{"className":41,"code":162118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162120,162121],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162122,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162124,21456],{"class":84},[48,162126,3001],{"class":62},[48,162128,12594],{"class":66},[48,162130,3001],{"class":62},[48,162132,365],{"class":84},[48,162134,19616],{"class":488},[48,162136,8945],{"class":84},[48,162138,8948],{"class":84},[48,162140,3001],{"class":62},[48,162142,35652],{"class":66},[48,162144,3001],{"class":62},[48,162146,365],{"class":84},[48,162148,13221],{"class":488},[48,162150,8945],{"class":84},[48,162152,8948],{"class":84},[48,162154,3001],{"class":62},[48,162156,35661],{"class":66},[48,162158,3001],{"class":62},[48,162160,365],{"class":84},[48,162162,28635],{"class":488},[48,162164,8961],{"class":84},[1200,162166,139,162168],{"id":162167},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162169,162170],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162172,162173],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[39,162175,162177],{"className":41,"code":162176,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162178,162179,162211,162239,162243,162265],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162180,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162182,16959],{"class":54},[48,162184,59],{"class":58},[48,162186,3326],{"class":84},[48,162188,94],{"class":62},[48,162190,7377],{"class":66},[48,162192,94],{"class":62},[48,162194,365],{"class":84},[48,162196,63],{"class":62},[48,162198,9011],{"class":66},[48,162200,94],{"class":62},[48,162202,365],{"class":84},[48,162204,63],{"class":62},[48,162206,10121],{"class":66},[48,162208,94],{"class":62},[48,162210,3339],{"class":84},[48,162212,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162214,3528],{"class":54},[48,162216,59],{"class":58},[48,162218,3326],{"class":84},[48,162220,94],{"class":62},[48,162222,12594],{"class":66},[48,162224,94],{"class":62},[48,162226,365],{"class":84},[48,162228,9018],{"class":488},[48,162230,365],{"class":84},[48,162232,63],{"class":62},[48,162234,15747],{"class":66},[48,162236,94],{"class":62},[48,162238,3339],{"class":84},[48,162240,162241],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162242,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162244,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162246,12918],{"class":54},[48,162248,59],{"class":58},[48,162250,8882],{"class":1047},[48,162252,91],{"class":84},[48,162254,64083],{"class":108},[48,162256,91],{"class":84},[48,162258,16640],{"class":87},[48,162260,365],{"class":84},[48,162262,3590],{"class":87},[48,162264,1034],{"class":84},[48,162266,162267,162269,162271,162273],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162268,109],{"class":108},[48,162270,91],{"class":84},[48,162272,17024],{"class":87},[48,162274,102],{"class":84},[20,162276,1037],{},[39,162278,162280],{"className":41,"code":162279,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162281,162282],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162283,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162285,8990],{"class":84},[48,162287,3001],{"class":62},[48,162289,7377],{"class":66},[48,162291,3001],{"class":62},[48,162293,503],{"class":84},[48,162295,2996],{"class":62},[48,162297,12594],{"class":66},[48,162299,3001],{"class":62},[48,162301,365],{"class":84},[48,162303,2996],{"class":62},[48,162305,9011],{"class":66},[48,162307,3001],{"class":62},[48,162309,503],{"class":84},[48,162311,9018],{"class":488},[48,162313,365],{"class":84},[48,162315,2996],{"class":62},[48,162317,10121],{"class":66},[48,162319,3001],{"class":62},[48,162321,503],{"class":84},[48,162323,2996],{"class":62},[48,162325,15747],{"class":66},[48,162327,3001],{"class":62},[48,162329,9021],{"class":84},[20,162331,162332,162333,32],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[224,162334,30798],{"href":30797},[1200,162336,162338],{"id":162337},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162340,162341],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[39,162343,162345],{"className":41,"code":162344,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162346,162347,162371,162387,162391,162409,162413,162427],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162348,162349,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162350,4701],{"class":54},[48,162352,59],{"class":58},[48,162354,3326],{"class":84},[48,162356,94],{"class":62},[48,162358,12594],{"class":66},[48,162360,94],{"class":62},[48,162362,365],{"class":84},[48,162364,63],{"class":62},[48,162366,35652],{"class":66},[48,162368,94],{"class":62},[48,162370,3339],{"class":84},[48,162372,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162374,4770],{"class":54},[48,162376,59],{"class":58},[48,162378,3326],{"class":84},[48,162380,13216],{"class":488},[48,162382,365],{"class":84},[48,162384,13221],{"class":488},[48,162386,3339],{"class":84},[48,162388,162389],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162390,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162392,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162394,8927],{"class":54},[48,162396,59],{"class":58},[48,162398,161122],{"class":108},[48,162400,91],{"class":84},[48,162402,4745],{"class":87},[48,162404,365],{"class":84},[48,162406,4817],{"class":87},[48,162408,102],{"class":84},[48,162410,162411],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162412,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162414,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,162416,109],{"class":108},[48,162418,91],{"class":84},[48,162420,7804],{"class":1047},[48,162422,91],{"class":84},[48,162424,8974],{"class":87},[48,162426,1034],{"class":84},[48,162428,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,162430,109],{"class":108},[48,162432,91],{"class":84},[48,162434,7804],{"class":1047},[48,162436,91],{"class":84},[48,162438,8974],{"class":87},[48,162440,1034],{"class":84},[20,162442,1037],{},[39,162444,162446],{"className":41,"code":162445,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162447,162448,162478],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162449,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162451,21456],{"class":84},[48,162453,3001],{"class":62},[48,162455,12594],{"class":66},[48,162457,3001],{"class":62},[48,162459,365],{"class":84},[48,162461,19616],{"class":488},[48,162463,8945],{"class":84},[48,162465,8948],{"class":84},[48,162467,3001],{"class":62},[48,162469,35652],{"class":66},[48,162471,3001],{"class":62},[48,162473,365],{"class":84},[48,162475,13221],{"class":488},[48,162477,8961],{"class":84},[48,162479,162480],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162481,38006],{"class":84},[20,162483,162484],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162486,162487,162488,32],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[224,162489,4843],{"href":5293},[34,162491,40755],{"id":40754},[20,162493,162494,162495,32],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162496,64013],{},[1200,162498,162500],{"id":162499},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[39,162502,162504],{"className":41,"code":162503,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162505,162506,162538,162558,162562,162586],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162507,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162509,4701],{"class":54},[48,162511,59],{"class":58},[48,162513,3326],{"class":84},[48,162515,94],{"class":62},[48,162517,12594],{"class":66},[48,162519,94],{"class":62},[48,162521,365],{"class":84},[48,162523,63],{"class":62},[48,162525,35652],{"class":66},[48,162527,94],{"class":62},[48,162529,365],{"class":84},[48,162531,63],{"class":62},[48,162533,35661],{"class":66},[48,162535,94],{"class":62},[48,162537,3339],{"class":84},[48,162539,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162541,4770],{"class":54},[48,162543,59],{"class":58},[48,162545,3326],{"class":84},[48,162547,13216],{"class":488},[48,162549,365],{"class":84},[48,162551,13221],{"class":488},[48,162553,365],{"class":84},[48,162555,28635],{"class":488},[48,162557,3339],{"class":84},[48,162559,162560],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162561,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162563,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582,162584],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162565,5665],{"class":1107},[48,162567,35703],{"class":54},[48,162569,365],{"class":84},[48,162571,4812],{"class":54},[48,162573,3587],{"class":1107},[48,162575,161122],{"class":108},[48,162577,91],{"class":84},[48,162579,4745],{"class":87},[48,162581,365],{"class":84},[48,162583,4817],{"class":87},[48,162585,8053],{"class":84},[48,162587,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162589,1138],{"class":108},[48,162591,91],{"class":84},[48,162593,22009],{"class":1767},[48,162595,94],{"class":66},[48,162597,8990],{"class":488},[48,162599,7377],{"class":87},[48,162601,22018],{"class":488},[48,162603,22021],{"class":66},[48,162605,8990],{"class":488},[48,162607,85204],{"class":87},[48,162609,22018],{"class":488},[48,162611,94],{"class":66},[48,162613,102],{"class":84},[1200,162615,162617],{"id":162616},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[39,162619,162621],{"className":41,"code":162620,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162622,162623,162655,162679,162683,162705],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162626,16959],{"class":54},[48,162628,59],{"class":58},[48,162630,3326],{"class":84},[48,162632,94],{"class":62},[48,162634,12363],{"class":66},[48,162636,94],{"class":62},[48,162638,365],{"class":84},[48,162640,63],{"class":62},[48,162642,7377],{"class":66},[48,162644,94],{"class":62},[48,162646,365],{"class":84},[48,162648,63],{"class":62},[48,162650,15537],{"class":66},[48,162652,94],{"class":62},[48,162654,3339],{"class":84},[48,162656,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162658,3528],{"class":54},[48,162660,59],{"class":58},[48,162662,3326],{"class":84},[48,162664,46298],{"class":488},[48,162666,365],{"class":84},[48,162668,63],{"class":62},[48,162670,12594],{"class":66},[48,162672,94],{"class":62},[48,162674,365],{"class":84},[48,162676,3621],{"class":3556},[48,162678,3339],{"class":84},[48,162680,162681],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162682,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162684,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162686,8877],{"class":54},[48,162688,59],{"class":58},[48,162690,8882],{"class":1047},[48,162692,91],{"class":84},[48,162694,64083],{"class":108},[48,162696,91],{"class":84},[48,162698,16640],{"class":87},[48,162700,365],{"class":84},[48,162702,3590],{"class":87},[48,162704,1034],{"class":84},[48,162706,162707,162709,162711,162713],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162708,109],{"class":108},[48,162710,91],{"class":84},[48,162712,8916],{"class":87},[48,162714,102],{"class":84},[1200,162716,162718],{"id":162717},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[39,162720,162722],{"className":41,"code":162721,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162723,162724,162744,162764,162768,162793],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162725,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162727,80342],{"class":54},[48,162729,59],{"class":58},[48,162731,3326],{"class":84},[48,162733,2031],{"class":488},[48,162735,365],{"class":84},[48,162737,7500],{"class":488},[48,162739,365],{"class":84},[48,162741,7505],{"class":488},[48,162743,3339],{"class":84},[48,162745,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162747,80363],{"class":54},[48,162749,59],{"class":58},[48,162751,3326],{"class":84},[48,162753,2031],{"class":488},[48,162755,365],{"class":84},[48,162757,9018],{"class":488},[48,162759,365],{"class":84},[48,162761,7505],{"class":488},[48,162763,3339],{"class":84},[48,162765,162766],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162767,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162769,162770,162772,162774,162776,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162771,5665],{"class":1107},[48,162773,56587],{"class":54},[48,162775,365],{"class":84},[48,162777,162778],{"class":54}," b ",[48,162780,3587],{"class":1107},[48,162782,161122],{"class":108},[48,162784,91],{"class":84},[48,162786,111433],{"class":87},[48,162788,365],{"class":84},[48,162790,80406],{"class":87},[48,162792,8053],{"class":84},[48,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162796,1138],{"class":108},[48,162798,91],{"class":84},[48,162800,2253],{"class":87},[48,162802,4393],{"class":58},[48,162804,2258],{"class":87},[48,162806,102],{"class":84},[20,162808,1037],{},[39,162810,162812],{"className":41,"code":162811,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162813,162814,162818,162822],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162815,162816],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162817,3685],{"class":3556},[48,162819,162820],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162821,3746],{"class":3556},[48,162823,162824],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162825,3685],{"class":3556},[1200,162827,162829],{"id":162828},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[39,162831,162833],{"className":41,"code":162832,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162834,162835,162870,162893,162897,162924],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162836,162837,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162857,162859,162861,162863,162866,162868],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162838,162839],{"class":54},"products ",[48,162841,59],{"class":58},[48,162843,3326],{"class":84},[48,162845,94],{"class":62},[48,162847,24857],{"class":66},[48,162849,94],{"class":62},[48,162851,365],{"class":84},[48,162853,63],{"class":62},[48,162855,162856],{"class":66},"Pen",[48,162858,94],{"class":62},[48,162860,365],{"class":84},[48,162862,63],{"class":62},[48,162864,162865],{"class":66},"Bag",[48,162867,94],{"class":62},[48,162869,3339],{"class":84},[48,162871,162872,162874,162876,162878,162881,162883,162886,162888,162891],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,162873,82732],{"class":54},[48,162875,59],{"class":58},[48,162877,3326],{"class":84},[48,162879,162880],{"class":488},"12.5",[48,162882,365],{"class":84},[48,162884,162885],{"class":488}," 1.2",[48,162887,365],{"class":84},[48,162889,162890],{"class":488}," 25.0",[48,162892,3339],{"class":84},[48,162894,162895],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,162896,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,162898,162899,162901,162903,162905,162908,162910,162912,162914,162917,162919,162922],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,162900,5665],{"class":1107},[48,162902,24918],{"class":54},[48,162904,365],{"class":84},[48,162906,162907],{"class":54}," price ",[48,162909,3587],{"class":1107},[48,162911,161122],{"class":108},[48,162913,91],{"class":84},[48,162915,162916],{"class":87},"products",[48,162918,365],{"class":84},[48,162920,162921],{"class":87}," prices",[48,162923,8053],{"class":84},[48,162925,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,162927,1138],{"class":108},[48,162929,91],{"class":84},[48,162931,22009],{"class":1767},[48,162933,94],{"class":66},[48,162935,8990],{"class":488},[48,162937,26725],{"class":87},[48,162939,22018],{"class":488},[48,162941,162942],{"class":66}," costs $",[48,162944,8990],{"class":488},[48,162946,24866],{"class":87},[48,162948,22018],{"class":488},[48,162950,94],{"class":66},[48,162952,102],{"class":84},[20,162954,36312,162955,32],{},[224,162956,162958],{"href":162957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[34,162960,162962,162963],{"id":162961},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162964,64013],{},[1200,162966,1379,162968,162970],{"id":162967},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162969,64013],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162972,162973,162975],{},[15,162974,64013],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162977,162978],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[39,162980,162982],{"className":41,"code":162981,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162983,162984],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,162985,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,162987,109],{"class":108},[48,162989,91],{"class":84},[48,162991,10874],{"class":108},[48,162993,91],{"class":84},[48,162995,111433],{"class":87},[48,162997,8945],{"class":84},[48,162999,38095],{"class":108},[48,163001,91],{"class":84},[48,163003,80629],{"class":87},[48,163005,1034],{"class":84},[1200,163007,163009],{"id":163008},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163011,68522],{},[39,163013,163015],{"className":41,"code":163014,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163016,163017,163053,163057,163070,163080,163084,163096],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163018,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045,163047,163049,163051],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163020,8927],{"class":54},[48,163022,59],{"class":58},[48,163024,161122],{"class":108},[48,163026,2684],{"class":84},[48,163028,272],{"class":488},[48,163030,365],{"class":84},[48,163032,489],{"class":488},[48,163034,17780],{"class":84},[48,163036,3326],{"class":84},[48,163038,94],{"class":62},[48,163040,224],{"class":66},[48,163042,94],{"class":62},[48,163044,365],{"class":84},[48,163046,63],{"class":62},[48,163048,4466],{"class":66},[48,163050,94],{"class":62},[48,163052,3593],{"class":84},[48,163054,163055],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,163056,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,163058,163059,163061,163063,163065,163068],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,163060,5665],{"class":1107},[48,163062,5668],{"class":54},[48,163064,3587],{"class":1107},[48,163066,163067],{"class":54}," pairs",[48,163069,1110],{"class":84},[48,163071,163072,163074,163076,163078],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,163073,1138],{"class":108},[48,163075,91],{"class":84},[48,163077,23026],{"class":87},[48,163079,102],{"class":84},[48,163081,163082],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,163083,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,163085,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":50,"line":133},[48,163087,5665],{"class":1107},[48,163089,5668],{"class":54},[48,163091,3587],{"class":1107},[48,163093,163067],{"class":54},[48,163095,1110],{"class":84},[48,163097,163098,163100,163102,163104],{"class":50,"line":1156},[48,163099,1138],{"class":108},[48,163101,91],{"class":84},[48,163103,23026],{"class":87},[48,163105,102],{"class":84},[20,163107,163108],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1200,163110,163112],{"id":163111},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163114,163115],{},"This is correct:",[39,163117,163119],{"className":41,"code":163118,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163120,163121,163145,163161,163165,163189],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163122,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163124,4701],{"class":54},[48,163126,59],{"class":58},[48,163128,3326],{"class":84},[48,163130,94],{"class":62},[48,163132,12594],{"class":66},[48,163134,94],{"class":62},[48,163136,365],{"class":84},[48,163138,63],{"class":62},[48,163140,35652],{"class":66},[48,163142,94],{"class":62},[48,163144,3339],{"class":84},[48,163146,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,163148,4770],{"class":54},[48,163150,59],{"class":58},[48,163152,3326],{"class":84},[48,163154,13216],{"class":488},[48,163156,365],{"class":84},[48,163158,13221],{"class":488},[48,163160,3339],{"class":84},[48,163162,163163],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,163164,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,163168,5665],{"class":1107},[48,163170,35703],{"class":54},[48,163172,365],{"class":84},[48,163174,4812],{"class":54},[48,163176,3587],{"class":1107},[48,163178,161122],{"class":108},[48,163180,91],{"class":84},[48,163182,4745],{"class":87},[48,163184,365],{"class":84},[48,163186,4817],{"class":87},[48,163188,8053],{"class":84},[48,163190,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201],{"class":50,"line":126},[48,163192,1138],{"class":108},[48,163194,91],{"class":84},[48,163196,7377],{"class":87},[48,163198,365],{"class":84},[48,163200,130525],{"class":87},[48,163202,102],{"class":84},[20,163204,163205],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[39,163207,163209],{"className":41,"code":163208,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163210,163211,163231],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163212,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163214,5665],{"class":1107},[48,163216,5668],{"class":54},[48,163218,3587],{"class":1107},[48,163220,161122],{"class":108},[48,163222,91],{"class":84},[48,163224,4745],{"class":87},[48,163226,365],{"class":84},[48,163228,4817],{"class":87},[48,163230,8053],{"class":84},[48,163232,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,163234,1138],{"class":108},[48,163236,91],{"class":84},[48,163238,23026],{"class":87},[48,163240,102],{"class":84},[20,163242,1037],{},[39,163244,163246],{"className":41,"code":163245,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163247,163248,163264],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163249,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163251,91],{"class":84},[48,163253,3001],{"class":62},[48,163255,12594],{"class":66},[48,163257,3001],{"class":62},[48,163259,365],{"class":84},[48,163261,19616],{"class":488},[48,163263,102],{"class":84},[48,163265,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,163267,91],{"class":84},[48,163269,3001],{"class":62},[48,163271,35652],{"class":66},[48,163273,3001],{"class":62},[48,163275,365],{"class":84},[48,163277,13221],{"class":488},[48,163279,102],{"class":84},[20,163281,163282],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1200,163284,758,163286,163288,163289],{"id":163285},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163287,64013],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163290,35461],{},[20,163292,139,163293,163295],{},[15,163294,64013],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163297,139,163298,163300],{},[15,163299,35461],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[39,163302,163303],{"className":41,"code":35629,"language":43,"meta":44,"style":44},[15,163304,163305,163337,163341,163361],{"__ignoreMap":44},[48,163306,163307,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317,163319,163321,163323,163325,163327,163329,163331,163333,163335],{"class":50,"line":51},[48,163308,4701],{"class":54},[48,163310,59],{"class":58},[48,163312,3326],{"class":84},[48,163314,94],{"class":62},[48,163316,12594],{"class":66},[48,163318,94],{"class":62},[48,163320,365],{"class":84},[48,163322,63],{"class":62},[48,163324,35652],{"class":66},[48,163326,94],{"class":62},[48,163328,365],{"class":84},[48,163330,63],{"class":62},[48,163332,35661],{"class":66},[48,163334,94],{"class":62},[48,163336,3339],{"class":84},[48,163338,163339],{"class":50,"line":73},[48,163340,123],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":122},[48,163342,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359],{"class":50,"line":105},[48,163344,5665],{"class":1107},[48,163346,35533],{"class":54},[48,163348,365],{"class":84},[48,163350,35680],{"class":54},[48,163352,3587],{"class":1107},[48,163354,35543],{"class":108},[48,163356,91],{"class":84},[48,163358,4745],{"class":87},[48,163360,8053],{"class":84},[48,163362,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373],{"class":50,"line":119},[48,163364,1138],{"class":108},[48,163366,91],{"class":84},[48,163368,88],{"class":87},[48,163370,365],{"class":84},[48,163372,35703],{"class":87},[48,163374,102],{"class":84},[20,163376,163377,163378,32],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[224,163379,3277,163380,3210],{"href":91706},[15,163381,35461],{},[34,163383,1536],{"id":1535},[1200,163385,4849,163387,4852],{"id":163386},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163388,64013],{},[20,163390,163391],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1200,163393,12418,163395,163397],{"id":163394},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163396,64013],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163399,163400],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1200,163402,163404,163405,1564],{"id":163403},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163406,64013],{},[20,163408,163409,163410,32],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163411,162017],{},[1200,163413,163415,163416,1564],{"id":163414},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163417,64013],{},[20,163419,127900,163420,163422],{},[15,163421,162170],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1200,163424,163426],{"id":163425},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163428,163429],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[34,163431,1599],{"id":1598},[162,163433,163434,163439,163445,163449,163453],{},[165,163435,163436],{},[224,163437,163438],{"href":162957},"How to use zip in Python",[165,163440,163441],{},[224,163442,3277,163443,3210],{"href":91706},[15,163444,35461],{},[165,163446,163447],{},[224,163448,4922],{"href":5293},[165,163450,163451],{},[224,163452,69375],{"href":69298},[165,163454,163455],{},[224,163456,31972],{"href":30797},[1633,163458,163459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":44,"searchDepth":73,"depth":73,"links":163461},[163462,163463,163465,163466,163467,163468,163476,163482,163491,163502],{"id":36,"depth":73,"text":37},{"id":161181,"depth":73,"text":163464},"What zip() does",{"id":339,"depth":73,"text":340},{"id":161574,"depth":73,"text":161575},{"id":161751,"depth":73,"text":161752},{"id":162003,"depth":73,"text":163469,"children":163470},"Converting zip() output",[163471,163473,163475],{"id":162014,"depth":105,"text":163472},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162167,"depth":105,"text":163474},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162337,"depth":105,"text":162338},{"id":40754,"depth":73,"text":40755,"children":163477},[163478,163479,163480,163481],{"id":162499,"depth":105,"text":162500},{"id":162616,"depth":105,"text":162617},{"id":162717,"depth":105,"text":162718},{"id":162828,"depth":105,"text":162829},{"id":162961,"depth":73,"text":163483,"children":163484},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163485,163487,163488,163489],{"id":162967,"depth":105,"text":163486},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163008,"depth":105,"text":163009},{"id":163111,"depth":105,"text":163112},{"id":163285,"depth":105,"text":163490},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1535,"depth":73,"text":1536,"children":163492},[163493,163495,163497,163499,163501],{"id":163386,"depth":105,"text":163494},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163394,"depth":105,"text":163496},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163403,"depth":105,"text":163498},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163414,"depth":105,"text":163500},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163425,"depth":105,"text":163426},{"id":1598,"depth":73,"text":1599},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161023,"description":163503},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945108114]