[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164662},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method":3,"nav-reference":2986},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2979,"extension":2980,"meta":2981,"navigation":304,"path":2982,"seo":2983,"stem":2984,"__hash__":2985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2915},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,32,45,50,151,154,169,175,182,187,190,234,237,328,330,380,386,390,393,414,419,443,445,524,526,547,555,559,563,635,637,651,655,733,735,754,758,860,862,871,878,957,959,977,981,984,991,1043,1045,1054,1061,1122,1124,1143,1146,1153,1215,1217,1235,1242,1302,1304,1314,1318,1323,1327,1391,1393,1413,1417,1467,1474,1477,1550,1552,1570,1580,1587,1646,1651,1654,1731,1733,1751,1757,1763,1827,1829,1850,1856,1859,1866,1920,1927,1930,1993,2003,2010,2013,2071,2076,2079,2150,2154,2209,2211,2220,2226,2233,2305,2307,2340,2346,2355,2364,2370,2439,2441,2450,2456,2537,2539,2548,2553,2567,2574,2578,2584,2613,2616,2760,2763,2801,2805,2812,2821,2827,2830,2837,2843,2851,2854,2864,2867,2871,2905,2911],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-join-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"join()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,30,31],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[33,34,35,42],"ul",{},[36,37,38,39,41],"li",{},"You call ",[15,40,17],{}," on the separator string",[36,43,44],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[46,47,49],"h2",{"id":48},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[51,52,57],"pre",{"className":53,"code":54,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n","python","",[15,58,59,109,137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61,64,68,72,76,80,84,86,89,92,95,97,99,101,104,106],"span",{"class":62,"line":63},"line",1,[60,65,67],{"class":66},"su5hD","words ",[60,69,71],{"class":70},"smGrS","=",[60,73,75],{"class":74},"sP7_E"," [",[60,77,79],{"class":78},"sjJ54","\"",[60,81,83],{"class":82},"s_sjI","Python",[60,85,79],{"class":78},[60,87,88],{"class":74},",",[60,90,91],{"class":78}," \"",[60,93,94],{"class":82},"is",[60,96,79],{"class":78},[60,98,88],{"class":74},[60,100,91],{"class":78},[60,102,103],{"class":82},"fun",[60,105,79],{"class":78},[60,107,108],{"class":74},"]\n",[60,110,112,115,117,119,121,124,128,131,134],{"class":62,"line":111},2,[60,113,114],{"class":66},"result ",[60,116,71],{"class":70},[60,118,91],{"class":78},[60,120,91],{"class":78},[60,122,123],{"class":74},".",[60,125,127],{"class":126},"slqww","join",[60,129,130],{"class":74},"(",[60,132,133],{"class":126},"words",[60,135,136],{"class":74},")\n",[60,138,140,144,146,149],{"class":62,"line":139},3,[60,141,143],{"class":142},"sptTA","print",[60,145,130],{"class":74},[60,147,148],{"class":126},"result",[60,150,136],{"class":74},[20,152,153],{},"Output:",[51,155,157],{"className":53,"code":156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is fun\n",[15,158,159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160,161,164,166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162,163],{"class":66},"Python ",[60,165,94],{"class":70},[60,167,168],{"class":66}," fun\n",[20,170,171,172,174],{},"Use ",[15,173,17],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[46,176,178,179,181],{"id":177},"what-join-does","What ",[15,180,17],{}," does",[20,183,184,186],{},[15,185,17],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,188,189],{},"Important points:",[33,191,192,199,228,231],{},[36,193,194,195,198],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,196,197],{},".join()"," as the separator",[36,200,201,202],{},"Common separators are:\n",[33,203,204,210,216,222],{},[36,205,206,209],{},[15,207,208],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[36,211,212,215],{},[15,213,214],{},"\", \""," for commas",[36,217,218,221],{},[15,219,220],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[36,223,224,227],{},[15,225,226],{},"\"\""," for no separator",[36,229,230],{},"It returns a new string",[36,232,233],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,235,236],{},"Example:",[51,238,240],{"className":53,"code":239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,241,242,277,300,306,317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,243,244,246,248,250,252,255,257,259,261,264,266,268,270,273,275],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,245,67],{"class":66},[60,247,71],{"class":70},[60,249,75],{"class":74},[60,251,79],{"class":78},[60,253,254],{"class":82},"red",[60,256,79],{"class":78},[60,258,88],{"class":74},[60,260,91],{"class":78},[60,262,263],{"class":82},"green",[60,265,79],{"class":78},[60,267,88],{"class":74},[60,269,91],{"class":78},[60,271,272],{"class":82},"blue",[60,274,79],{"class":78},[60,276,108],{"class":74},[60,278,279,281,283,285,288,290,292,294,296,298],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,280,114],{"class":66},[60,282,71],{"class":70},[60,284,91],{"class":78},[60,286,287],{"class":82},", ",[60,289,79],{"class":78},[60,291,123],{"class":74},[60,293,127],{"class":126},[60,295,130],{"class":74},[60,297,133],{"class":126},[60,299,136],{"class":74},[60,301,302],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,303,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},true,"\n",[60,307,309,311,313,315],{"class":62,"line":308},4,[60,310,143],{"class":142},[60,312,130],{"class":74},[60,314,148],{"class":126},[60,316,136],{"class":74},[60,318,320,322,324,326],{"class":62,"line":319},5,[60,321,143],{"class":142},[60,323,130],{"class":74},[60,325,133],{"class":126},[60,327,136],{"class":74},[20,329,153],{},[51,331,333],{"className":53,"code":332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,334,335,349],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,336,337,339,341,344,346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,338,254],{"class":66},[60,340,88],{"class":74},[60,342,343],{"class":66}," green",[60,345,88],{"class":74},[60,347,348],{"class":66}," blue\n",[60,350,351,354,357,359,361,363,366,368,370,372,374,376,378],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,352,353],{"class":74},"[",[60,355,356],{"class":78},"'",[60,358,254],{"class":82},[60,360,356],{"class":78},[60,362,88],{"class":74},[60,364,365],{"class":78}," '",[60,367,263],{"class":82},[60,369,356],{"class":78},[60,371,88],{"class":74},[60,373,365],{"class":78},[60,375,272],{"class":82},[60,377,356],{"class":78},[60,379,108],{"class":74},[20,381,382,383,385],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,384,17],{}," creates a new string.",[46,387,389],{"id":388},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,391,392],{},"The basic syntax is:",[51,394,396],{"className":53,"code":395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,397,398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,399,400,403,405,407,409,412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,401,402],{"class":66},"separator",[60,404,123],{"class":74},[60,406,127],{"class":126},[60,408,130],{"class":74},[60,410,411],{"class":126},"iterable",[60,413,136],{"class":74},[415,416,418],"h3",{"id":417},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[33,420,421,435,440],{},[36,422,423,425,426,287,428,287,430,432,433],{},[15,424,402],{}," is a string such as ",[15,427,208],{},[15,429,214],{},[15,431,220],{},", or ",[15,434,226],{},[36,436,437,439],{},[15,438,411],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[36,441,442],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,444,236],{},[51,446,448],{"className":53,"code":447,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,449,450,486,510,514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,451,452,455,457,459,461,464,466,468,470,473,475,477,479,482,484],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,453,454],{"class":66},"names ",[60,456,71],{"class":70},[60,458,75],{"class":74},[60,460,79],{"class":78},[60,462,463],{"class":82},"Ana",[60,465,79],{"class":78},[60,467,88],{"class":74},[60,469,91],{"class":78},[60,471,472],{"class":82},"Ben",[60,474,79],{"class":78},[60,476,88],{"class":74},[60,478,91],{"class":78},[60,480,481],{"class":82},"Cara",[60,483,79],{"class":78},[60,485,108],{"class":74},[60,487,488,490,492,494,497,499,501,503,505,508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,489,114],{"class":66},[60,491,71],{"class":70},[60,493,91],{"class":78},[60,495,496],{"class":82}," | ",[60,498,79],{"class":78},[60,500,123],{"class":74},[60,502,127],{"class":126},[60,504,130],{"class":74},[60,506,507],{"class":126},"names",[60,509,136],{"class":74},[60,511,512],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,513,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,515,516,518,520,522],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,517,143],{"class":142},[60,519,130],{"class":74},[60,521,148],{"class":126},[60,523,136],{"class":74},[20,525,153],{},[51,527,529],{"className":53,"code":528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,530,531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,532,533,536,539,542,544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,534,535],{"class":66},"Ana ",[60,537,538],{"class":70},"|",[60,540,541],{"class":66}," Ben ",[60,543,538],{"class":70},[60,545,546],{"class":66}," Cara\n",[20,548,549,550,123],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[551,552,554],"a",{"href":553},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[46,556,558],{"id":557},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[415,560,562],{"id":561},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[51,564,566],{"className":53,"code":565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,567,568,601,621,625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,569,570,572,574,576,578,580,582,584,586,588,590,592,594,597,599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,571,67],{"class":66},[60,573,71],{"class":70},[60,575,75],{"class":74},[60,577,79],{"class":78},[60,579,83],{"class":82},[60,581,79],{"class":78},[60,583,88],{"class":74},[60,585,91],{"class":78},[60,587,94],{"class":82},[60,589,79],{"class":78},[60,591,88],{"class":74},[60,593,91],{"class":78},[60,595,596],{"class":82},"easy",[60,598,79],{"class":78},[60,600,108],{"class":74},[60,602,603,605,607,609,611,613,615,617,619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,604,114],{"class":66},[60,606,71],{"class":70},[60,608,91],{"class":78},[60,610,91],{"class":78},[60,612,123],{"class":74},[60,614,127],{"class":126},[60,616,130],{"class":74},[60,618,133],{"class":126},[60,620,136],{"class":74},[60,622,623],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,624,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,626,627,629,631,633],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,628,143],{"class":142},[60,630,130],{"class":74},[60,632,148],{"class":126},[60,634,136],{"class":74},[20,636,153],{},[51,638,640],{"className":53,"code":639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python is easy\n",[15,641,642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,643,644,646,648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,645,163],{"class":66},[60,647,94],{"class":70},[60,649,650],{"class":66}," easy\n",[415,652,654],{"id":653},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[51,656,658],{"className":53,"code":657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,659,660,696,719,723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,661,662,665,667,669,671,674,676,678,680,683,685,687,689,692,694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,663,664],{"class":66},"items ",[60,666,71],{"class":70},[60,668,75],{"class":74},[60,670,79],{"class":78},[60,672,673],{"class":82},"apples",[60,675,79],{"class":78},[60,677,88],{"class":74},[60,679,91],{"class":78},[60,681,682],{"class":82},"bananas",[60,684,79],{"class":78},[60,686,88],{"class":74},[60,688,91],{"class":78},[60,690,691],{"class":82},"oranges",[60,693,79],{"class":78},[60,695,108],{"class":74},[60,697,698,700,702,704,706,708,710,712,714,717],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,699,114],{"class":66},[60,701,71],{"class":70},[60,703,91],{"class":78},[60,705,287],{"class":82},[60,707,79],{"class":78},[60,709,123],{"class":74},[60,711,127],{"class":126},[60,713,130],{"class":74},[60,715,716],{"class":126},"items",[60,718,136],{"class":74},[60,720,721],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,722,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,724,725,727,729,731],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,726,143],{"class":142},[60,728,130],{"class":74},[60,730,148],{"class":126},[60,732,136],{"class":74},[20,734,153],{},[51,736,738],{"className":53,"code":737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,739,740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,741,742,744,746,749,751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,743,673],{"class":66},[60,745,88],{"class":74},[60,747,748],{"class":66}," bananas",[60,750,88],{"class":74},[60,752,753],{"class":66}," oranges\n",[415,755,757],{"id":756},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[51,759,761],{"className":53,"code":760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,762,763,826,846,850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,764,765,768,770,772,774,777,779,781,783,786,788,790,792,795,797,799,801,804,806,808,810,813,815,817,819,822,824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,766,767],{"class":66},"letters ",[60,769,71],{"class":70},[60,771,75],{"class":74},[60,773,79],{"class":78},[60,775,776],{"class":82},"P",[60,778,79],{"class":78},[60,780,88],{"class":74},[60,782,91],{"class":78},[60,784,785],{"class":82},"y",[60,787,79],{"class":78},[60,789,88],{"class":74},[60,791,91],{"class":78},[60,793,794],{"class":82},"t",[60,796,79],{"class":78},[60,798,88],{"class":74},[60,800,91],{"class":78},[60,802,803],{"class":82},"h",[60,805,79],{"class":78},[60,807,88],{"class":74},[60,809,91],{"class":78},[60,811,812],{"class":82},"o",[60,814,79],{"class":78},[60,816,88],{"class":74},[60,818,91],{"class":78},[60,820,821],{"class":82},"n",[60,823,79],{"class":78},[60,825,108],{"class":74},[60,827,828,830,832,835,837,839,841,844],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,829,114],{"class":66},[60,831,71],{"class":70},[60,833,834],{"class":78}," \"\"",[60,836,123],{"class":74},[60,838,127],{"class":126},[60,840,130],{"class":74},[60,842,843],{"class":126},"letters",[60,845,136],{"class":74},[60,847,848],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,849,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,851,852,854,856,858],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,853,143],{"class":142},[60,855,130],{"class":74},[60,857,148],{"class":126},[60,859,136],{"class":74},[20,861,153],{},[51,863,865],{"className":53,"code":864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python\n",[15,866,867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,868,869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,870,864],{"class":66},[415,872,874,875,877],{"id":873},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,876,17],{}," returns the result",[51,879,881],{"className":53,"code":880,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,882,883,918,942,946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,884,885,887,889,891,893,896,898,900,902,905,907,909,911,914,916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,886,67],{"class":66},[60,888,71],{"class":70},[60,890,75],{"class":74},[60,892,79],{"class":78},[60,894,895],{"class":82},"one",[60,897,79],{"class":78},[60,899,88],{"class":74},[60,901,91],{"class":78},[60,903,904],{"class":82},"two",[60,906,79],{"class":78},[60,908,88],{"class":74},[60,910,91],{"class":78},[60,912,913],{"class":82},"three",[60,915,79],{"class":78},[60,917,108],{"class":74},[60,919,920,923,925,927,930,932,934,936,938,940],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,921,922],{"class":66},"joined_text ",[60,924,71],{"class":70},[60,926,91],{"class":78},[60,928,929],{"class":82},"-",[60,931,79],{"class":78},[60,933,123],{"class":74},[60,935,127],{"class":126},[60,937,130],{"class":74},[60,939,133],{"class":126},[60,941,136],{"class":74},[60,943,944],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,945,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,947,948,950,952,955],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,949,143],{"class":142},[60,951,130],{"class":74},[60,953,954],{"class":126},"joined_text",[60,956,136],{"class":74},[20,958,153],{},[51,960,962],{"className":53,"code":961,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one-two-three\n",[15,963,964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,965,966,968,970,972,974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,967,895],{"class":66},[60,969,929],{"class":70},[60,971,904],{"class":66},[60,973,929],{"class":70},[60,975,976],{"class":66},"three\n",[46,978,980],{"id":979},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,982,983],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[415,985,987,990],{"id":986},"join-adds-spaces",[15,988,989],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[51,992,994],{"className":53,"code":993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,995,996,1022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,997,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1009,1011,1013,1015,1018,1020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,999,67],{"class":66},[60,1001,71],{"class":70},[60,1003,75],{"class":74},[60,1005,79],{"class":78},[60,1007,1008],{"class":82},"hello",[60,1010,79],{"class":78},[60,1012,88],{"class":74},[60,1014,91],{"class":78},[60,1016,1017],{"class":82},"world",[60,1019,79],{"class":78},[60,1021,108],{"class":74},[60,1023,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1025,143],{"class":142},[60,1027,130],{"class":74},[60,1029,79],{"class":78},[60,1031,91],{"class":78},[60,1033,123],{"class":74},[60,1035,127],{"class":126},[60,1037,130],{"class":74},[60,1039,133],{"class":126},[60,1041,1042],{"class":74},"))\n",[20,1044,153],{},[51,1046,1048],{"className":53,"code":1047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n",[15,1049,1050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1051,1052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1053,1047],{"class":66},[415,1055,1057,1060],{"id":1056},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,1058,1059],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[51,1062,1064],{"className":53,"code":1063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,1065,1066,1099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1067,1068,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1069,1070],{"class":66},"colors ",[60,1072,71],{"class":70},[60,1074,75],{"class":74},[60,1076,79],{"class":78},[60,1078,254],{"class":82},[60,1080,79],{"class":78},[60,1082,88],{"class":74},[60,1084,91],{"class":78},[60,1086,272],{"class":82},[60,1088,79],{"class":78},[60,1090,88],{"class":74},[60,1092,91],{"class":78},[60,1094,263],{"class":82},[60,1096,79],{"class":78},[60,1098,108],{"class":74},[60,1100,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1102,143],{"class":142},[60,1104,130],{"class":74},[60,1106,79],{"class":78},[60,1108,287],{"class":82},[60,1110,79],{"class":78},[60,1112,123],{"class":74},[60,1114,127],{"class":126},[60,1116,130],{"class":74},[60,1118,1119],{"class":126},"colors",[60,1121,1042],{"class":74},[20,1123,153],{},[51,1125,1127],{"className":53,"code":1126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red, blue, green\n",[15,1128,1129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1130,1131,1133,1135,1138,1140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1132,254],{"class":66},[60,1134,88],{"class":74},[60,1136,1137],{"class":66}," blue",[60,1139,88],{"class":74},[60,1141,1142],{"class":66}," green\n",[20,1144,1145],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[415,1147,1149,1152],{"id":1148},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,1150,1151],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[51,1154,1156],{"className":53,"code":1155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,1157,1158,1192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1159,1160,1163,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1161,1162],{"class":66},"parts ",[60,1164,71],{"class":70},[60,1166,75],{"class":74},[60,1168,79],{"class":78},[60,1170,55],{"class":82},[60,1172,79],{"class":78},[60,1174,88],{"class":74},[60,1176,91],{"class":78},[60,1178,1179],{"class":82},"string",[60,1181,79],{"class":78},[60,1183,88],{"class":74},[60,1185,91],{"class":78},[60,1187,127],{"class":82},[60,1189,79],{"class":78},[60,1191,108],{"class":74},[60,1193,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1213],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1195,143],{"class":142},[60,1197,130],{"class":74},[60,1199,79],{"class":78},[60,1201,929],{"class":82},[60,1203,79],{"class":78},[60,1205,123],{"class":74},[60,1207,127],{"class":126},[60,1209,130],{"class":74},[60,1211,1212],{"class":126},"parts",[60,1214,1042],{"class":74},[20,1216,153],{},[51,1218,1220],{"className":53,"code":1219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python-string-join\n",[15,1221,1222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1223,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1225,55],{"class":66},[60,1227,929],{"class":70},[60,1229,1179],{"class":66},[60,1231,929],{"class":70},[60,1233,1234],{"class":66},"join\n",[415,1236,1238,1241],{"id":1237},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,1239,1240],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[51,1243,1245],{"className":53,"code":1244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,1246,1247,1283],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1248,1249,1252,1254,1256,1258,1261,1263,1265,1267,1270,1272,1274,1276,1279,1281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1250,1251],{"class":66},"chars ",[60,1253,71],{"class":70},[60,1255,75],{"class":74},[60,1257,79],{"class":78},[60,1259,1260],{"class":82},"A",[60,1262,79],{"class":78},[60,1264,88],{"class":74},[60,1266,91],{"class":78},[60,1268,1269],{"class":82},"B",[60,1271,79],{"class":78},[60,1273,88],{"class":74},[60,1275,91],{"class":78},[60,1277,1278],{"class":82},"C",[60,1280,79],{"class":78},[60,1282,108],{"class":74},[60,1284,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1286,143],{"class":142},[60,1288,130],{"class":74},[60,1290,226],{"class":78},[60,1292,123],{"class":74},[60,1294,127],{"class":126},[60,1296,130],{"class":74},[60,1298,1299],{"class":126},"chars",[60,1301,1042],{"class":74},[20,1303,153],{},[51,1305,1307],{"className":53,"code":1306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ABC\n",[15,1308,1309],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1310,1311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1312,1306],{"class":1313},"s_hVV",[46,1315,1317],{"id":1316},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,1319,1320,1322],{},[15,1321,17],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[415,1324,1326],{"id":1325},"this-works","This works",[51,1328,1330],{"className":53,"code":1329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,1331,1332,1368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1333,1334,1337,1339,1341,1343,1346,1348,1350,1352,1355,1357,1359,1361,1364,1366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1335,1336],{"class":66},"values ",[60,1338,71],{"class":70},[60,1340,75],{"class":74},[60,1342,79],{"class":78},[60,1344,1345],{"class":82},"10",[60,1347,79],{"class":78},[60,1349,88],{"class":74},[60,1351,91],{"class":78},[60,1353,1354],{"class":82},"20",[60,1356,79],{"class":78},[60,1358,88],{"class":74},[60,1360,91],{"class":78},[60,1362,1363],{"class":82},"30",[60,1365,79],{"class":78},[60,1367,108],{"class":74},[60,1369,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1389],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1371,143],{"class":142},[60,1373,130],{"class":74},[60,1375,79],{"class":78},[60,1377,287],{"class":82},[60,1379,79],{"class":78},[60,1381,123],{"class":74},[60,1383,127],{"class":126},[60,1385,130],{"class":74},[60,1387,1388],{"class":126},"values",[60,1390,1042],{"class":74},[20,1392,153],{},[51,1394,1396],{"className":53,"code":1395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,1397,1398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1399,1400,1403,1405,1408,1410],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1401,1345],{"class":1402},"srdBf",[60,1404,88],{"class":74},[60,1406,1407],{"class":1402}," 20",[60,1409,88],{"class":74},[60,1411,1412],{"class":1402}," 30\n",[415,1414,1416],{"id":1415},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[51,1418,1420],{"className":53,"code":1419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,1421,1422,1445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1423,1424,1426,1428,1430,1433,1435,1438,1440,1443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1425,1336],{"class":66},[60,1427,71],{"class":70},[60,1429,75],{"class":74},[60,1431,1432],{"class":1402},"1",[60,1434,88],{"class":74},[60,1436,1437],{"class":1402}," 2",[60,1439,88],{"class":74},[60,1441,1442],{"class":1402}," 3",[60,1444,108],{"class":74},[60,1446,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1448,143],{"class":142},[60,1450,130],{"class":74},[60,1452,79],{"class":78},[60,1454,287],{"class":82},[60,1456,79],{"class":78},[60,1458,123],{"class":74},[60,1460,127],{"class":126},[60,1462,130],{"class":74},[60,1464,1388],{"class":126},[60,1466,1042],{"class":74},[20,1468,1469,1470,1473],{},"This causes a ",[15,1471,1472],{},"TypeError"," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,1475,1476],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[51,1478,1480],{"className":53,"code":1479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1481,1482,1502,1536,1540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1483,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1485,1336],{"class":66},[60,1487,71],{"class":70},[60,1489,75],{"class":74},[60,1491,1432],{"class":1402},[60,1493,88],{"class":74},[60,1495,1437],{"class":1402},[60,1497,88],{"class":74},[60,1499,1442],{"class":1402},[60,1501,108],{"class":74},[60,1503,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1523,1525,1529,1531,1534],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1505,114],{"class":66},[60,1507,71],{"class":70},[60,1509,91],{"class":78},[60,1511,287],{"class":82},[60,1513,79],{"class":78},[60,1515,123],{"class":74},[60,1517,127],{"class":126},[60,1519,130],{"class":74},[60,1521,1522],{"class":142},"map",[60,1524,130],{"class":74},[60,1526,1528],{"class":1527},"sZMiF","str",[60,1530,88],{"class":74},[60,1532,1533],{"class":126}," values",[60,1535,1042],{"class":74},[60,1537,1538],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1539,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,1541,1542,1544,1546,1548],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,1543,143],{"class":142},[60,1545,130],{"class":74},[60,1547,148],{"class":126},[60,1549,136],{"class":74},[20,1551,153],{},[51,1553,1555],{"className":53,"code":1554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,1556,1557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1558,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1560,1432],{"class":1402},[60,1562,88],{"class":74},[60,1564,1437],{"class":1402},[60,1566,88],{"class":74},[60,1568,1569],{"class":1402}," 3\n",[20,1571,1572,1573,123],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[551,1574,163,1576,1579],{"href":1575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[15,1577,1578],{},"str()"," function explained",[415,1581,1583,1586],{"id":1582},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,1584,1585],{},"None"," values do not work directly",[51,1588,1590],{"className":53,"code":1589,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,1591,1592,1624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1593,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602,1605,1607,1609,1613,1615,1617,1620,1622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1595,1336],{"class":66},[60,1597,71],{"class":70},[60,1599,75],{"class":74},[60,1601,79],{"class":78},[60,1603,1604],{"class":82},"apple",[60,1606,79],{"class":78},[60,1608,88],{"class":74},[60,1610,1612],{"class":1611},"s39Yj"," None",[60,1614,88],{"class":74},[60,1616,91],{"class":78},[60,1618,1619],{"class":82},"banana",[60,1621,79],{"class":78},[60,1623,108],{"class":74},[60,1625,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1627,143],{"class":142},[60,1629,130],{"class":74},[60,1631,79],{"class":78},[60,1633,287],{"class":82},[60,1635,79],{"class":78},[60,1637,123],{"class":74},[60,1639,127],{"class":126},[60,1641,130],{"class":74},[60,1643,1388],{"class":126},[60,1645,1042],{"class":74},[20,1647,1648,1649,123],{},"This also causes a ",[15,1650,1472],{},[20,1652,1653],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[51,1655,1657],{"className":53,"code":1656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,1658,1659,1687,1717,1721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1660,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1662,1336],{"class":66},[60,1664,71],{"class":70},[60,1666,75],{"class":74},[60,1668,79],{"class":78},[60,1670,1604],{"class":82},[60,1672,79],{"class":78},[60,1674,88],{"class":74},[60,1676,1612],{"class":1611},[60,1678,88],{"class":74},[60,1680,91],{"class":78},[60,1682,1619],{"class":82},[60,1684,79],{"class":78},[60,1686,108],{"class":74},[60,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1690,114],{"class":66},[60,1692,71],{"class":70},[60,1694,91],{"class":78},[60,1696,287],{"class":82},[60,1698,79],{"class":78},[60,1700,123],{"class":74},[60,1702,127],{"class":126},[60,1704,130],{"class":74},[60,1706,1522],{"class":142},[60,1708,130],{"class":74},[60,1710,1528],{"class":1527},[60,1712,88],{"class":74},[60,1714,1533],{"class":126},[60,1716,1042],{"class":74},[60,1718,1719],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,1720,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,1722,1723,1725,1727,1729],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,1724,143],{"class":142},[60,1726,130],{"class":74},[60,1728,148],{"class":126},[60,1730,136],{"class":74},[20,1732,153],{},[51,1734,1736],{"className":53,"code":1735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,1737,1738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1739,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1741,1604],{"class":66},[60,1743,88],{"class":74},[60,1745,1612],{"class":1611},[60,1747,88],{"class":74},[60,1749,1750],{"class":66}," banana\n",[20,1752,1753,1754,1756],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,1755,1585],{}," values instead of converting them.",[415,1758,1760,1762],{"id":1759},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,1761,17],{}," also works with tuples",[51,1764,1766],{"className":53,"code":1765,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,1767,1768,1804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1769,1770,1772,1774,1777,1779,1782,1784,1786,1788,1791,1793,1795,1797,1800,1802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1771,454],{"class":66},[60,1773,71],{"class":70},[60,1775,1776],{"class":74}," (",[60,1778,79],{"class":78},[60,1780,1781],{"class":82},"Sam",[60,1783,79],{"class":78},[60,1785,88],{"class":74},[60,1787,91],{"class":78},[60,1789,1790],{"class":82},"Lee",[60,1792,79],{"class":78},[60,1794,88],{"class":74},[60,1796,91],{"class":78},[60,1798,1799],{"class":82},"Mia",[60,1801,79],{"class":78},[60,1803,136],{"class":74},[60,1805,1806,1808,1810,1812,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1807,143],{"class":142},[60,1809,130],{"class":74},[60,1811,79],{"class":78},[60,1813,1814],{"class":82}," \u002F ",[60,1816,79],{"class":78},[60,1818,123],{"class":74},[60,1820,127],{"class":126},[60,1822,130],{"class":74},[60,1824,507],{"class":126},[60,1826,1042],{"class":74},[20,1828,153],{},[51,1830,1832],{"className":53,"code":1831,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,1833,1834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1835,1836,1839,1842,1845,1847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1837,1838],{"class":66},"Sam ",[60,1840,1841],{"class":70},"\u002F",[60,1843,1844],{"class":66}," Lee ",[60,1846,1841],{"class":70},[60,1848,1849],{"class":66}," Mia\n",[46,1851,1853,1854],{"id":1852},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,1855,17],{},[20,1857,1858],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[415,1860,1862,1863,1865],{"id":1861},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,1864,1472],{}," because not all items are strings",[51,1867,1869],{"className":53,"code":1868,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,1870,1871,1900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1872,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1896,1898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1874,664],{"class":66},[60,1876,71],{"class":70},[60,1878,75],{"class":74},[60,1880,79],{"class":78},[60,1882,551],{"class":82},[60,1884,79],{"class":78},[60,1886,88],{"class":74},[60,1888,1437],{"class":1402},[60,1890,88],{"class":74},[60,1892,91],{"class":78},[60,1894,1895],{"class":82},"c",[60,1897,79],{"class":78},[60,1899,108],{"class":74},[60,1901,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1903,143],{"class":142},[60,1905,130],{"class":74},[60,1907,79],{"class":78},[60,1909,91],{"class":78},[60,1911,123],{"class":74},[60,1913,127],{"class":126},[60,1915,130],{"class":74},[60,1917,716],{"class":126},[60,1919,1042],{"class":74},[20,1921,1922,1923,1926],{},"This fails because ",[15,1924,1925],{},"2"," is an integer.",[20,1928,1929],{},"Fix:",[51,1931,1933],{"className":53,"code":1932,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,1934,1935,1963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,1936,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,1938,664],{"class":66},[60,1940,71],{"class":70},[60,1942,75],{"class":74},[60,1944,79],{"class":78},[60,1946,551],{"class":82},[60,1948,79],{"class":78},[60,1950,88],{"class":74},[60,1952,1437],{"class":1402},[60,1954,88],{"class":74},[60,1956,91],{"class":78},[60,1958,1895],{"class":82},[60,1960,79],{"class":78},[60,1962,108],{"class":74},[60,1964,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973,1975,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985,1987,1990],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,1966,143],{"class":142},[60,1968,130],{"class":74},[60,1970,79],{"class":78},[60,1972,91],{"class":78},[60,1974,123],{"class":74},[60,1976,127],{"class":126},[60,1978,130],{"class":74},[60,1980,1522],{"class":142},[60,1982,130],{"class":74},[60,1984,1528],{"class":1527},[60,1986,88],{"class":74},[60,1988,1989],{"class":126}," items",[60,1991,1992],{"class":74},")))\n",[20,1994,1995,1996,123],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[551,1997,1999,2000],{"href":1998},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,2001,2002],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[415,2004,2006,2007,2009],{"id":2005},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,2008,17],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,2011,2012],{},"This is wrong:",[51,2014,2016],{"className":53,"code":2015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,2017,2018,2050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2019,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2021,67],{"class":66},[60,2023,71],{"class":70},[60,2025,75],{"class":74},[60,2027,79],{"class":78},[60,2029,83],{"class":82},[60,2031,79],{"class":78},[60,2033,88],{"class":74},[60,2035,91],{"class":78},[60,2037,94],{"class":82},[60,2039,79],{"class":78},[60,2041,88],{"class":74},[60,2043,91],{"class":78},[60,2045,103],{"class":82},[60,2047,79],{"class":78},[60,2049,108],{"class":74},[60,2051,2052,2054,2056,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2069],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2053,114],{"class":66},[60,2055,71],{"class":70},[60,2057,2058],{"class":66}," words",[60,2060,123],{"class":74},[60,2062,127],{"class":126},[60,2064,130],{"class":74},[60,2066,79],{"class":78},[60,2068,91],{"class":78},[60,2070,136],{"class":74},[20,2072,2073,2075],{},[15,2074,17],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,2077,2078],{},"Correct version:",[51,2080,2082],{"className":53,"code":2081,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,2083,2084,2116,2136,2140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2085,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2087,67],{"class":66},[60,2089,71],{"class":70},[60,2091,75],{"class":74},[60,2093,79],{"class":78},[60,2095,83],{"class":82},[60,2097,79],{"class":78},[60,2099,88],{"class":74},[60,2101,91],{"class":78},[60,2103,94],{"class":82},[60,2105,79],{"class":78},[60,2107,88],{"class":74},[60,2109,91],{"class":78},[60,2111,103],{"class":82},[60,2113,79],{"class":78},[60,2115,108],{"class":74},[60,2117,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2119,114],{"class":66},[60,2121,71],{"class":70},[60,2123,91],{"class":78},[60,2125,91],{"class":78},[60,2127,123],{"class":74},[60,2129,127],{"class":126},[60,2131,130],{"class":74},[60,2133,133],{"class":126},[60,2135,136],{"class":74},[60,2137,2138],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2139,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,2141,2142,2144,2146,2148],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,2143,143],{"class":142},[60,2145,130],{"class":74},[60,2147,148],{"class":126},[60,2149,136],{"class":74},[415,2151,2153],{"id":2152},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[51,2155,2157],{"className":53,"code":2156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,2158,2159,2191],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2160,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2162,67],{"class":66},[60,2164,71],{"class":70},[60,2166,75],{"class":74},[60,2168,79],{"class":78},[60,2170,895],{"class":82},[60,2172,79],{"class":78},[60,2174,88],{"class":74},[60,2176,91],{"class":78},[60,2178,904],{"class":82},[60,2180,79],{"class":78},[60,2182,88],{"class":74},[60,2184,91],{"class":78},[60,2186,913],{"class":82},[60,2188,79],{"class":78},[60,2190,108],{"class":74},[60,2192,2193,2195,2197,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2194,143],{"class":142},[60,2196,130],{"class":74},[60,2198,226],{"class":78},[60,2200,123],{"class":74},[60,2202,127],{"class":126},[60,2204,130],{"class":74},[60,2206,133],{"class":126},[60,2208,1042],{"class":74},[20,2210,153],{},[51,2212,2214],{"className":53,"code":2213,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"onetwothree\n",[15,2215,2216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2217,2218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2219,2213],{"class":66},[20,2221,2222,2223,2225],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,2224,208],{}," instead.",[415,2227,2229,2230,2232],{"id":2228},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,2231,17],{}," returns a new string",[51,2234,2236],{"className":53,"code":2235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,2237,2238,2271,2291,2295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2239,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2259,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2241,67],{"class":66},[60,2243,71],{"class":70},[60,2245,75],{"class":74},[60,2247,79],{"class":78},[60,2249,551],{"class":82},[60,2251,79],{"class":78},[60,2253,88],{"class":74},[60,2255,91],{"class":78},[60,2257,2258],{"class":82},"b",[60,2260,79],{"class":78},[60,2262,88],{"class":74},[60,2264,91],{"class":78},[60,2266,1895],{"class":82},[60,2268,79],{"class":78},[60,2270,108],{"class":74},[60,2272,2273,2276,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2274,79],{"class":2275},"s2W-s",[60,2277,929],{"class":2278},"sithA",[60,2280,79],{"class":2275},[60,2282,123],{"class":74},[60,2284,127],{"class":126},[60,2286,130],{"class":74},[60,2288,133],{"class":126},[60,2290,136],{"class":74},[60,2292,2293],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2294,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,2296,2297,2299,2301,2303],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,2298,143],{"class":142},[60,2300,130],{"class":74},[60,2302,133],{"class":126},[60,2304,136],{"class":74},[20,2306,153],{},[51,2308,2310],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,2311,2312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2313,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2326,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2315,353],{"class":74},[60,2317,356],{"class":78},[60,2319,551],{"class":82},[60,2321,356],{"class":78},[60,2323,88],{"class":74},[60,2325,365],{"class":78},[60,2327,2258],{"class":82},[60,2329,356],{"class":78},[60,2331,88],{"class":74},[60,2333,365],{"class":78},[60,2335,1895],{"class":82},[60,2337,356],{"class":78},[60,2339,108],{"class":74},[20,2341,2342,2343,2345],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,2344,17],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[46,2347,2349,2351,2352],{"id":2348},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,2350,17],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,2353,2354],{},"+",[20,2356,2357,2358,2360,2361,2363],{},"Both ",[15,2359,17],{}," and ",[15,2362,2354],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[415,2365,171,2367,2369],{"id":2366},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,2368,2354],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[51,2371,2373],{"className":53,"code":2372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,2374,2375,2390,2404,2425,2429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2376,2377,2380,2382,2384,2387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2378,2379],{"class":66},"first ",[60,2381,71],{"class":70},[60,2383,91],{"class":78},[60,2385,2386],{"class":82},"Hello",[60,2388,2389],{"class":78},"\"\n",[60,2391,2392,2395,2397,2399,2402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2393,2394],{"class":66},"second ",[60,2396,71],{"class":70},[60,2398,91],{"class":78},[60,2400,2401],{"class":82},"World",[60,2403,2389],{"class":78},[60,2405,2406,2408,2410,2413,2415,2417,2419,2422],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2407,114],{"class":66},[60,2409,71],{"class":70},[60,2411,2412],{"class":66}," first ",[60,2414,2354],{"class":70},[60,2416,91],{"class":78},[60,2418,91],{"class":78},[60,2420,2421],{"class":70}," +",[60,2423,2424],{"class":66}," second\n",[60,2426,2427],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,2428,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,2430,2431,2433,2435,2437],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,2432,143],{"class":142},[60,2434,130],{"class":74},[60,2436,148],{"class":126},[60,2438,136],{"class":74},[20,2440,153],{},[51,2442,2444],{"className":53,"code":2443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello World\n",[15,2445,2446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2447,2448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2449,2443],{"class":66},[415,2451,171,2453,2455],{"id":2452},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,2454,17],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[51,2457,2459],{"className":53,"code":2458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,2460,2461,2503,2523,2527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2462,2463,2465,2467,2469,2471,2473,2475,2477,2479,2482,2484,2486,2488,2491,2493,2495,2497,2499,2501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2464,67],{"class":66},[60,2466,71],{"class":70},[60,2468,75],{"class":74},[60,2470,79],{"class":78},[60,2472,83],{"class":82},[60,2474,79],{"class":78},[60,2476,88],{"class":74},[60,2478,91],{"class":78},[60,2480,2481],{"class":82},"makes",[60,2483,79],{"class":78},[60,2485,88],{"class":74},[60,2487,91],{"class":78},[60,2489,2490],{"class":82},"this",[60,2492,79],{"class":78},[60,2494,88],{"class":74},[60,2496,91],{"class":78},[60,2498,596],{"class":82},[60,2500,79],{"class":78},[60,2502,108],{"class":74},[60,2504,2505,2507,2509,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2506,114],{"class":66},[60,2508,71],{"class":70},[60,2510,91],{"class":78},[60,2512,91],{"class":78},[60,2514,123],{"class":74},[60,2516,127],{"class":126},[60,2518,130],{"class":74},[60,2520,133],{"class":126},[60,2522,136],{"class":74},[60,2524,2525],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2526,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,2528,2529,2531,2533,2535],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,2530,143],{"class":142},[60,2532,130],{"class":74},[60,2534,148],{"class":126},[60,2536,136],{"class":74},[20,2538,153],{},[51,2540,2542],{"className":53,"code":2541,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,2543,2544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2545,2546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2547,2541],{"class":66},[20,2549,2550,2552],{},[15,2551,17],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[33,2554,2555,2558,2561],{},[36,2556,2557],{},"You already have a list of strings",[36,2559,2560],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[36,2562,2563,2564,2566],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,2565,2354],{}," operators",[20,2568,2569,2570,123],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[551,2571,2573],{"href":2572},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[46,2575,2577],{"id":2576},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,2579,2580,2581,2583],{},"If ",[15,2582,17],{}," is not working, check these first:",[33,2585,2586,2589,2594,2604,2610],{},[36,2587,2588],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[36,2590,2591,2592],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,2593,1585],{},[36,2595,2596,2597,2600,2601],{},"You may have written ",[15,2598,2599],{},"list.join(...)"," instead of ",[15,2602,2603],{},"string.join(...)",[36,2605,2606,2607,2609],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,2608,17],{}," to change the original iterable",[36,2611,2612],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,2614,2615],{},"These quick checks can help:",[51,2617,2619],{"className":53,"code":2618,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,2620,2621,2636,2646,2678,2719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,2622,2623,2625,2627,2630,2632,2634],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,2624,143],{"class":142},[60,2626,130],{"class":74},[60,2628,2629],{"class":1527},"type",[60,2631,130],{"class":74},[60,2633,716],{"class":126},[60,2635,1042],{"class":74},[60,2637,2638,2640,2642,2644],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,2639,143],{"class":142},[60,2641,130],{"class":74},[60,2643,716],{"class":126},[60,2645,136],{"class":74},[60,2647,2648,2650,2653,2655,2657,2660,2663,2667,2670,2673,2675],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,2649,143],{"class":142},[60,2651,2652],{"class":74},"([",[60,2654,2629],{"class":1527},[60,2656,130],{"class":74},[60,2658,2659],{"class":126},"item",[60,2661,2662],{"class":74},")",[60,2664,2666],{"class":2665},"sVHd0"," for",[60,2668,2669],{"class":126}," item ",[60,2671,2672],{"class":2665},"in",[60,2674,1989],{"class":126},[60,2676,2677],{"class":74},"])\n",[60,2679,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,2681,143],{"class":142},[60,2683,130],{"class":74},[60,2685,356],{"class":78},[60,2687,365],{"class":78},[60,2689,123],{"class":74},[60,2691,127],{"class":126},[60,2693,2652],{"class":74},[60,2695,356],{"class":78},[60,2697,551],{"class":82},[60,2699,356],{"class":78},[60,2701,88],{"class":74},[60,2703,365],{"class":78},[60,2705,2258],{"class":82},[60,2707,356],{"class":78},[60,2709,88],{"class":74},[60,2711,365],{"class":78},[60,2713,1895],{"class":82},[60,2715,356],{"class":78},[60,2717,2718],{"class":74},"]))\n",[60,2720,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755,2757],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,2722,143],{"class":142},[60,2724,130],{"class":74},[60,2726,356],{"class":78},[60,2728,287],{"class":82},[60,2730,356],{"class":78},[60,2732,123],{"class":74},[60,2734,127],{"class":126},[60,2736,130],{"class":74},[60,2738,1522],{"class":142},[60,2740,130],{"class":74},[60,2742,1528],{"class":1527},[60,2744,88],{"class":74},[60,2746,75],{"class":74},[60,2748,1432],{"class":1402},[60,2750,88],{"class":74},[60,2752,1437],{"class":1402},[60,2754,88],{"class":74},[60,2756,1442],{"class":1402},[60,2758,2759],{"class":74},"])))\n",[20,2761,2762],{},"What these checks do:",[33,2764,2765,2774,2780,2786,2795],{},[36,2766,2767,2770,2771,2773],{},[15,2768,2769],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,2772,716],{}," is",[36,2775,2776,2779],{},[15,2777,2778],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[36,2781,2782,2785],{},[15,2783,2784],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[36,2787,2788,2791,2792,2794],{},[15,2789,2790],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,2793,17],{}," behavior",[36,2796,2797,2800],{},[15,2798,2799],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[46,2802,2804],{"id":2803},"faq","FAQ",[415,2806,2808,2809,2811],{"id":2807},"does-join-work-with-numbers","Does ",[15,2810,17],{}," work with numbers?",[20,2813,2814,2815,2817,2818,123],{},"Not directly. ",[15,2816,17],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,2819,2820],{},"map(str, values)",[415,2822,2808,2824,2826],{"id":2823},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,2825,17],{}," change the original list?",[20,2828,2829],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[415,2831,2833,2834,2836],{"id":2832},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple","Can I use ",[15,2835,17],{}," with a tuple?",[20,2838,2839,2840,2842],{},"Yes. ",[15,2841,17],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[415,2844,2846,2847,2850],{"id":2845},"what-does-joinwords-do","What does ",[15,2848,2849],{},"''.join(words)"," do?",[20,2852,2853],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[415,2855,2857,2858,2860,2861,2863],{"id":2856},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,2859,1472],{}," when using ",[15,2862,17],{},"?",[20,2865,2866],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[46,2868,2870],{"id":2869},"see-also","See also",[33,2872,2873,2878,2888,2894,2901],{},[36,2874,2875],{},[551,2876,2877],{"href":2572},"How to join strings in Python",[36,2879,2880],{},[551,2881,2883,2884,2887],{"href":2882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,2885,2886],{},"split()"," method",[36,2889,2890],{},[551,2891,163,2892,1579],{"href":1575},[15,2893,1578],{},[36,2895,2896],{},[551,2897,2898,2899],{"href":1998},"Fix ",[15,2900,2002],{},[36,2902,2903],{},[551,2904,554],{"href":553},[20,2906,2907,2908,2910],{},"Once you understand ",[15,2909,17],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2912,2913,2914],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":2916},[2917,2918,2920,2923,2930,2940,2948,2958,2965,2966,2978],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":177,"depth":111,"text":2919},"What join() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":2921},[2922],{"id":417,"depth":139,"text":418},{"id":557,"depth":111,"text":558,"children":2924},[2925,2926,2927,2928],{"id":561,"depth":139,"text":562},{"id":653,"depth":139,"text":654},{"id":756,"depth":139,"text":757},{"id":873,"depth":139,"text":2929},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":979,"depth":111,"text":980,"children":2931},[2932,2934,2936,2938],{"id":986,"depth":139,"text":2933},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":1056,"depth":139,"text":2935},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":1148,"depth":139,"text":2937},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":1237,"depth":139,"text":2939},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":1316,"depth":111,"text":1317,"children":2941},[2942,2943,2944,2946],{"id":1325,"depth":139,"text":1326},{"id":1415,"depth":139,"text":1416},{"id":1582,"depth":139,"text":2945},"None values do not work directly",{"id":1759,"depth":139,"text":2947},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":1852,"depth":111,"text":2949,"children":2950},"Common errors with join()",[2951,2953,2955,2956],{"id":1861,"depth":139,"text":2952},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":2005,"depth":139,"text":2954},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":2152,"depth":139,"text":2153},{"id":2228,"depth":139,"text":2957},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":2348,"depth":111,"text":2959,"children":2960},"join() vs concatenation with +",[2961,2963],{"id":2366,"depth":139,"text":2962},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":2452,"depth":139,"text":2964},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":2576,"depth":111,"text":2577},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":2967},[2968,2970,2972,2974,2976],{"id":2807,"depth":139,"text":2969},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":2823,"depth":139,"text":2971},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":2832,"depth":139,"text":2973},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":2845,"depth":139,"text":2975},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":2856,"depth":139,"text":2977},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":5,"description":2979},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",[2987,4580,6278,7971,10107,12306,13822,15996,18202,20660,22499,25062,27160,29441,31388,33298,35295,36733,38553,41075,43235,44459,45830,47478,49797,51639,53620,55314,56567,58260,60011,61979,63727,65826,67186,69137,70700,72691,74486,76386,78827,80904,83544,85573,87536,89724,91726,94039,95720,97165,98358,99536,101376,103816,105520,107535,109059,110304,111467,112849,114918,116815,118589,120455,122574,124312,125772,127364,129286,130962,132895,134384,136911,138488,140047,142075,144027,145490,146679,148565,149976,151672,153226,154648,156051,157949,160343,162174],{"id":2988,"title":2989,"body":2990,"description":4574,"extension":2980,"meta":4575,"navigation":304,"path":4576,"seo":4577,"stem":4578,"__hash__":4579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2991,"toc":4546},[2992,2995,3002,3005,3016,3019,3023,3086,3088,3108,3113,3117,3122,3125,3141,3144,3170,3173,3175,3178,3194,3197,3222,3224,3282,3284,3299,3309,3320,3324,3327,3380,3382,3402,3405,3429,3436,3440,3445,3451,3453,3490,3492,3501,3507,3525,3528,3540,3544,3549,3553,3556,3577,3579,3636,3638,3646,3649,3653,3685,3687,3695,3698,3702,3707,3755,3757,3765,3769,3829,3831,3839,3842,3846,3850,3853,3876,3885,3902,3952,3954,3969,3980,3984,3987,4014,4020,4024,4029,4070,4072,4083,4086,4129,4131,4139,4143,4148,4170,4172,4181,4190,4194,4199,4221,4223,4293,4295,4345,4348,4351,4354,4434,4436,4466,4468,4472,4475,4479,4482,4486,4489,4493,4505,4509,4512,4514,4543],[10,2993,2989],{"id":2994},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2996,2997,2998,3001],{},"The ",[15,2999,3000],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,3003,3004],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[33,3006,3007,3010,3013],{},[36,3008,3009],{},"a number without its negative sign",[36,3011,3012],{},"the distance between two numbers",[36,3014,3015],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,3017,3018],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[46,3020,3022],{"id":3021},"quick-example","Quick example",[51,3024,3026],{"className":53,"code":3025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,3027,3028,3046,3061],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3029,3030,3032,3034,3037,3039,3041,3044],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3031,143],{"class":142},[60,3033,130],{"class":74},[60,3035,3036],{"class":142},"abs",[60,3038,130],{"class":74},[60,3040,929],{"class":70},[60,3042,3043],{"class":1402},"7",[60,3045,1042],{"class":74},[60,3047,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3059],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3049,143],{"class":142},[60,3051,130],{"class":74},[60,3053,3036],{"class":142},[60,3055,130],{"class":74},[60,3057,3058],{"class":1402},"3.5",[60,3060,1042],{"class":74},[60,3062,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3080,3084],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3064,143],{"class":142},[60,3066,130],{"class":74},[60,3068,3036],{"class":142},[60,3070,130],{"class":74},[60,3072,929],{"class":70},[60,3074,1925],{"class":1402},[60,3076,2354],{"class":70},[60,3078,3079],{"class":1402},"3",[60,3081,3083],{"class":3082},"sbsja","j",[60,3085,1042],{"class":74},[20,3087,153],{},[51,3089,3091],{"className":53,"code":3090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,3092,3093,3098,3103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3094,3095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3096,3097],{"class":1402},"7\n",[60,3099,3100],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3101,3102],{"class":1402},"3.5\n",[60,3104,3105],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3106,3107],{"class":1402},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,3109,171,3110,3112],{},[15,3111,3000],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[46,3114,3116],{"id":3115},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,3118,3119,3121],{},[15,3120,3000],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,3123,3124],{},"That means:",[33,3126,3127,3130,3133],{},[36,3128,3129],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[36,3131,3132],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[36,3134,3135,3138,3139],{},[15,3136,3137],{},"0"," stays ",[15,3140,3137],{},[20,3142,3143],{},"Examples:",[33,3145,3146,3155,3163],{},[36,3147,3148,3151,3152],{},[15,3149,3150],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,3153,3154],{},"5",[36,3156,3157,3151,3160],{},[15,3158,3159],{},"abs(9)",[15,3161,3162],{},"9",[36,3164,3165,3151,3168],{},[15,3166,3167],{},"abs(0)",[15,3169,3137],{},[20,3171,3172],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[46,3174,389],{"id":388},[20,3176,3177],{},"The syntax is:",[51,3179,3181],{"className":53,"code":3180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(x)\n",[15,3182,3183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3184,3185,3187,3189,3192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3186,3036],{"class":142},[60,3188,130],{"class":74},[60,3190,3191],{"class":126},"x",[60,3193,136],{"class":74},[20,3195,3196],{},"Here:",[33,3198,3199,3214,3219],{},[36,3200,3201,3203,3204,287,3207,432,3210,3213],{},[15,3202,3191],{}," is usually an ",[15,3205,3206],{},"int",[15,3208,3209],{},"float",[15,3211,3212],{},"complex"," number",[36,3215,3216,3218],{},[15,3217,3000],{}," returns a new value",[36,3220,3221],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,3223,236],{},[51,3225,3227],{"className":53,"code":3226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,3228,3229,3242,3258,3262,3272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3230,3231,3234,3236,3239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3232,3233],{"class":66},"number ",[60,3235,71],{"class":70},[60,3237,3238],{"class":70}," -",[60,3240,3241],{"class":1402},"12\n",[60,3243,3244,3246,3248,3251,3253,3256],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3245,114],{"class":66},[60,3247,71],{"class":70},[60,3249,3250],{"class":142}," abs",[60,3252,130],{"class":74},[60,3254,3255],{"class":126},"number",[60,3257,136],{"class":74},[60,3259,3260],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3261,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,3263,3264,3266,3268,3270],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,3265,143],{"class":142},[60,3267,130],{"class":74},[60,3269,3255],{"class":126},[60,3271,136],{"class":74},[60,3273,3274,3276,3278,3280],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,3275,143],{"class":142},[60,3277,130],{"class":74},[60,3279,148],{"class":126},[60,3281,136],{"class":74},[20,3283,153],{},[51,3285,3287],{"className":53,"code":3286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-12\n12\n",[15,3288,3289,3295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3290,3291,3293],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3292,929],{"class":70},[60,3294,3241],{"class":1402},[60,3296,3297],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3298,3241],{"class":1402},[20,3300,3301,3302,3304,3305,3308],{},"Notice that ",[15,3303,3255],{}," is still ",[15,3306,3307],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,3310,3311,3312,3319],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[551,3313,3315,3318],{"href":3314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,3316,3317],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[46,3321,3323],{"id":3322},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,3325,3326],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[51,3328,3330],{"className":53,"code":3329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,3331,3332,3348,3363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3333,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344,3346],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3335,143],{"class":142},[60,3337,130],{"class":74},[60,3339,3036],{"class":142},[60,3341,130],{"class":74},[60,3343,929],{"class":70},[60,3345,1345],{"class":1402},[60,3347,1042],{"class":74},[60,3349,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358,3361],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3351,143],{"class":142},[60,3353,130],{"class":74},[60,3355,3036],{"class":142},[60,3357,130],{"class":74},[60,3359,3360],{"class":1402},"8",[60,3362,1042],{"class":74},[60,3364,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3378],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3366,143],{"class":142},[60,3368,130],{"class":74},[60,3370,3036],{"class":142},[60,3372,130],{"class":74},[60,3374,929],{"class":70},[60,3376,3377],{"class":1402},"4.2",[60,3379,1042],{"class":74},[20,3381,153],{},[51,3383,3385],{"className":53,"code":3384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,3386,3387,3392,3397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3388,3389],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3390,3391],{"class":1402},"10\n",[60,3393,3394],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3395,3396],{"class":1402},"8\n",[60,3398,3399],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3400,3401],{"class":1402},"4.2\n",[20,3403,3404],{},"What each line does:",[33,3406,3407,3415,3422],{},[36,3408,3409,3412,3413],{},[15,3410,3411],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,3414,1345],{},[36,3416,3417,3412,3420],{},[15,3418,3419],{},"abs(8)",[15,3421,3360],{},[36,3423,3424,3412,3427],{},[15,3425,3426],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,3428,3377],{},[20,3430,3431,3432,123],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[551,3433,3435],{"href":3434},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[46,3437,3439],{"id":3438},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,3441,3442,3444],{},[15,3443,3000],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,3446,3447,3448,3450],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,3449,3137],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,3452,236],{},[51,3454,3456],{"className":53,"code":3455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,3457,3458,3475],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3459,3460,3463,3465,3467,3469,3472],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3461,3462],{"class":66},"value ",[60,3464,71],{"class":70},[60,3466,1442],{"class":1402},[60,3468,2421],{"class":70},[60,3470,3471],{"class":1402}," 4",[60,3473,3474],{"class":3082},"j\n",[60,3476,3477,3479,3481,3483,3485,3488],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3478,143],{"class":142},[60,3480,130],{"class":74},[60,3482,3036],{"class":142},[60,3484,130],{"class":74},[60,3486,3487],{"class":126},"value",[60,3489,1042],{"class":74},[20,3491,153],{},[51,3493,3495],{"className":53,"code":3494,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n",[15,3496,3497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3498,3499],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3500,3494],{"class":1402},[20,3502,3503,3504,2863],{},"Why ",[15,3505,3506],{},"5.0",[33,3508,3509,3514,3520],{},[36,3510,3511,3512],{},"the real part is ",[15,3513,3079],{},[36,3515,3516,3517],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,3518,3519],{},"4",[36,3521,3522,3523],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,3524,3506],{},[20,3526,3527],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[33,3529,3530,3537],{},[36,3531,3532,3534,3535],{},[15,3533,3000],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,3536,3209],{},[36,3538,3539],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[46,3541,3543],{"id":3542},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,3545,3546,3547,123],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,3548,3000],{},[415,3550,3552],{"id":3551},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,3554,3555],{},"A very common pattern is:",[51,3557,3559],{"className":53,"code":3558,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,3560,3561],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3562,3563,3565,3567,3570,3572,3575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3564,3036],{"class":142},[60,3566,130],{"class":74},[60,3568,3569],{"class":126},"a ",[60,3571,929],{"class":70},[60,3573,3574],{"class":126}," b",[60,3576,136],{"class":74},[20,3578,236],{},[51,3580,3582],{"className":53,"code":3581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,3583,3584,3592,3602,3606,3625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3585,3586,3588,3590],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3587,3569],{"class":66},[60,3589,71],{"class":70},[60,3591,1569],{"class":1402},[60,3593,3594,3597,3599],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3595,3596],{"class":66},"b ",[60,3598,71],{"class":70},[60,3600,3601],{"class":1402}," 10\n",[60,3603,3604],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3605,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,3607,3608,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,3609,3610],{"class":66},"distance ",[60,3612,71],{"class":70},[60,3614,3250],{"class":142},[60,3616,130],{"class":74},[60,3618,3569],{"class":126},[60,3620,929],{"class":70},[60,3622,3574],{"class":126},[60,3624,136],{"class":74},[60,3626,3627,3629,3631,3634],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,3628,143],{"class":142},[60,3630,130],{"class":74},[60,3632,3633],{"class":126},"distance",[60,3635,136],{"class":74},[20,3637,153],{},[51,3639,3640],{"className":53,"code":3097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3641,3642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3643,3644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3645,3097],{"class":1402},[20,3647,3648],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[415,3650,3652],{"id":3651},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[51,3654,3656],{"className":53,"code":3655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,3657,3658,3670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3659,3660,3663,3665,3667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3661,3662],{"class":66},"temperature_change ",[60,3664,71],{"class":70},[60,3666,3238],{"class":70},[60,3668,3669],{"class":1402},"6\n",[60,3671,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3673,143],{"class":142},[60,3675,130],{"class":74},[60,3677,3036],{"class":142},[60,3679,130],{"class":74},[60,3681,3682],{"class":126},"temperature_change",[60,3684,1042],{"class":74},[20,3686,153],{},[51,3688,3689],{"className":53,"code":3669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3690,3691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3692,3693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3694,3669],{"class":1402},[20,3696,3697],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[415,3699,3701],{"id":3700},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,3703,3704,3705,3319],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,3706,3000],{},[51,3708,3710],{"className":53,"code":3709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,3711,3712,3724,3740,3744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3713,3714,3717,3719,3721],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3715,3716],{"class":66},"balance_change ",[60,3718,71],{"class":70},[60,3720,3238],{"class":70},[60,3722,3723],{"class":1402},"25\n",[60,3725,3726,3729,3731,3733,3735,3738],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3727,3728],{"class":66},"safe_value ",[60,3730,71],{"class":70},[60,3732,3250],{"class":142},[60,3734,130],{"class":74},[60,3736,3737],{"class":126},"balance_change",[60,3739,136],{"class":74},[60,3741,3742],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3743,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,3745,3746,3748,3750,3753],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,3747,143],{"class":142},[60,3749,130],{"class":74},[60,3751,3752],{"class":126},"safe_value",[60,3754,136],{"class":74},[20,3756,153],{},[51,3758,3759],{"className":53,"code":3723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3760,3761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3762,3763],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3764,3723],{"class":1402},[415,3766,3768],{"id":3767},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[51,3770,3772],{"className":53,"code":3771,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3773,3774,3784,3794,3798,3818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3775,3776,3779,3781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3777,3778],{"class":66},"guess ",[60,3780,71],{"class":70},[60,3782,3783],{"class":1402}," 42\n",[60,3785,3786,3789,3791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3787,3788],{"class":66},"target ",[60,3790,71],{"class":70},[60,3792,3793],{"class":1402}," 50\n",[60,3795,3796],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,3797,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,3799,3800,3803,3805,3807,3809,3811,3813,3816],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,3801,3802],{"class":66},"difference ",[60,3804,71],{"class":70},[60,3806,3250],{"class":142},[60,3808,130],{"class":74},[60,3810,3778],{"class":126},[60,3812,929],{"class":70},[60,3814,3815],{"class":126}," target",[60,3817,136],{"class":74},[60,3819,3820,3822,3824,3827],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,3821,143],{"class":142},[60,3823,130],{"class":74},[60,3825,3826],{"class":126},"difference",[60,3828,136],{"class":74},[20,3830,153],{},[51,3832,3833],{"className":53,"code":3396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,3834,3835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3836,3837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3838,3396],{"class":1402},[20,3840,3841],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[46,3843,3845],{"id":3844},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[415,3847,3849],{"id":3848},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3851,3852],{},"This causes an error:",[51,3854,3856],{"className":53,"code":3855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3857,3858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3859,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3861,143],{"class":142},[60,3863,130],{"class":74},[60,3865,3036],{"class":142},[60,3867,130],{"class":74},[60,3869,79],{"class":78},[60,3871,3154],{"class":82},[60,3873,79],{"class":78},[60,3875,1042],{"class":74},[20,3877,3878,3881,3882,3884],{},[15,3879,3880],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3883,3000],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3886,3887,3888,3894,3895,3901],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[551,3889,3891],{"href":3890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3892,3893],{},"int()"," or ",[551,3896,3898],{"href":3897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3899,3900],{},"float()",":",[51,3903,3905],{"className":53,"code":3904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3906,3907,3929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3908,3909,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923,3925,3927],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3910,143],{"class":142},[60,3912,130],{"class":74},[60,3914,3036],{"class":142},[60,3916,130],{"class":74},[60,3918,3206],{"class":1527},[60,3920,130],{"class":74},[60,3922,79],{"class":78},[60,3924,3154],{"class":82},[60,3926,79],{"class":78},[60,3928,1992],{"class":74},[60,3930,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3941,3943,3945,3948,3950],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3932,143],{"class":142},[60,3934,130],{"class":74},[60,3936,3036],{"class":142},[60,3938,130],{"class":74},[60,3940,3209],{"class":1527},[60,3942,130],{"class":74},[60,3944,79],{"class":78},[60,3946,3947],{"class":82},"-3.2",[60,3949,79],{"class":78},[60,3951,1992],{"class":74},[20,3953,153],{},[51,3955,3957],{"className":53,"code":3956,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3958,3959,3964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3960,3961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3962,3963],{"class":1402},"5\n",[60,3965,3966],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,3967,3968],{"class":1402},"3.2\n",[20,3970,3971,3972,3975,3976,123],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3973,3974],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[551,3977,3979],{"href":3978},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[415,3981,3983],{"id":3982},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3985,3986],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[51,3988,3990],{"className":53,"code":3989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3991,3992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,3993,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,3995,143],{"class":142},[60,3997,130],{"class":74},[60,3999,3036],{"class":142},[60,4001,2652],{"class":74},[60,4003,1432],{"class":1402},[60,4005,88],{"class":74},[60,4007,1437],{"class":1402},[60,4009,88],{"class":74},[60,4011,1442],{"class":1402},[60,4013,2718],{"class":74},[20,4015,4016,4017,4019],{},"This raises a ",[15,4018,1472],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[415,4021,4023],{"id":4022},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,4025,4026,4028],{},[15,4027,3000],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[51,4030,4032],{"className":53,"code":4031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,4033,4034,4046,4056,4060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4035,4036,4039,4041,4043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4037,4038],{"class":66},"x ",[60,4040,71],{"class":70},[60,4042,3238],{"class":70},[60,4044,4045],{"class":1402},"9\n",[60,4047,4048,4050,4052,4054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4049,3036],{"class":142},[60,4051,130],{"class":74},[60,4053,3191],{"class":126},[60,4055,136],{"class":74},[60,4057,4058],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4059,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,4061,4062,4064,4066,4068],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,4063,143],{"class":142},[60,4065,130],{"class":74},[60,4067,3191],{"class":126},[60,4069,136],{"class":74},[20,4071,153],{},[51,4073,4075],{"className":53,"code":4074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-9\n",[15,4076,4077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4078,4079,4081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4080,929],{"class":70},[60,4082,4045],{"class":1402},[20,4084,4085],{},"If you want to store the result:",[51,4087,4089],{"className":53,"code":4088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,4090,4091,4101,4115,4119],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4092,4093,4095,4097,4099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4094,4038],{"class":66},[60,4096,71],{"class":70},[60,4098,3238],{"class":70},[60,4100,4045],{"class":1402},[60,4102,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4104,4038],{"class":66},[60,4106,71],{"class":70},[60,4108,3250],{"class":142},[60,4110,130],{"class":74},[60,4112,3191],{"class":126},[60,4114,136],{"class":74},[60,4116,4117],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4118,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,4120,4121,4123,4125,4127],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,4122,143],{"class":142},[60,4124,130],{"class":74},[60,4126,3191],{"class":126},[60,4128,136],{"class":74},[20,4130,153],{},[51,4132,4133],{"className":53,"code":4045,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,4134,4135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4136,4137],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4138,4045],{"class":1402},[415,4140,4142],{"id":4141},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,4144,4145,4147],{},[15,4146,3000],{}," does not round numbers.",[51,4149,4151],{"className":53,"code":4150,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,4152,4153],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4154,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165,4168],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4156,143],{"class":142},[60,4158,130],{"class":74},[60,4160,3036],{"class":142},[60,4162,130],{"class":74},[60,4164,929],{"class":70},[60,4166,4167],{"class":1402},"4.7",[60,4169,1042],{"class":74},[20,4171,153],{},[51,4173,4175],{"className":53,"code":4174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.7\n",[15,4176,4177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4178,4179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4180,4174],{"class":1402},[20,4182,4183,4184,4186,4187,4189],{},"If you expected ",[15,4185,3154],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,4188,3000],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[46,4191,4193],{"id":4192},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,4195,4196,4198],{},[15,4197,3000],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[33,4200,4201,4208,4215],{},[36,4202,4203,4205,4206],{},[15,4204,3206],{}," input → returns an ",[15,4207,3206],{},[36,4209,4210,4212,4213],{},[15,4211,3209],{}," input → returns a ",[15,4214,3209],{},[36,4216,4217,4212,4219],{},[15,4218,3212],{},[15,4220,3209],{},[20,4222,236],{},[51,4224,4226],{"className":53,"code":4225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,4227,4228,4248,4269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4231,143],{"class":142},[60,4233,130],{"class":74},[60,4235,2629],{"class":1527},[60,4237,130],{"class":74},[60,4239,3036],{"class":142},[60,4241,130],{"class":74},[60,4243,929],{"class":70},[60,4245,3154],{"class":1402},[60,4247,1992],{"class":74},[60,4249,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4251,143],{"class":142},[60,4253,130],{"class":74},[60,4255,2629],{"class":1527},[60,4257,130],{"class":74},[60,4259,3036],{"class":142},[60,4261,130],{"class":74},[60,4263,929],{"class":70},[60,4265,4266],{"class":1402},"3.2",[60,4268,1992],{"class":74},[60,4270,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4272,143],{"class":142},[60,4274,130],{"class":74},[60,4276,2629],{"class":1527},[60,4278,130],{"class":74},[60,4280,3036],{"class":142},[60,4282,130],{"class":74},[60,4284,3079],{"class":1402},[60,4286,2421],{"class":70},[60,4288,3471],{"class":1402},[60,4290,3083],{"class":3082},[60,4292,1992],{"class":74},[20,4294,153],{},[51,4296,4298],{"className":53,"code":4297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,4299,4300,4317,4331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4301,4302,4305,4308,4310,4312,4314],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4303,4304],{"class":70},"\u003C",[60,4306,4307],{"class":3082},"class",[60,4309,365],{"class":78},[60,4311,3206],{"class":82},[60,4313,356],{"class":78},[60,4315,4316],{"class":70},">\n",[60,4318,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4320,4304],{"class":70},[60,4322,4307],{"class":3082},[60,4324,365],{"class":78},[60,4326,3209],{"class":82},[60,4328,356],{"class":78},[60,4330,4316],{"class":70},[60,4332,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4334,4304],{"class":70},[60,4336,4307],{"class":3082},[60,4338,365],{"class":78},[60,4340,3209],{"class":82},[60,4342,356],{"class":78},[60,4344,4316],{"class":70},[20,4346,4347],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,4349,4350],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,4352,4353],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[51,4355,4357],{"className":53,"code":4356,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,4358,4359,4372,4382,4396,4400,4414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4360,4361,4363,4365,4367,4370],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4362,3462],{"class":66},[60,4364,71],{"class":70},[60,4366,91],{"class":78},[60,4368,4369],{"class":82},"-5",[60,4371,2389],{"class":78},[60,4373,4374,4376,4378,4380],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4375,143],{"class":142},[60,4377,130],{"class":74},[60,4379,3487],{"class":126},[60,4381,136],{"class":74},[60,4383,4384,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4385,143],{"class":142},[60,4387,130],{"class":74},[60,4389,2629],{"class":1527},[60,4391,130],{"class":74},[60,4393,3487],{"class":126},[60,4395,1042],{"class":74},[60,4397,4398],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,4399,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,4401,4402,4405,4407,4409,4412],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,4403,4404],{"class":66},"user_input ",[60,4406,71],{"class":70},[60,4408,91],{"class":78},[60,4410,4411],{"class":82},"-3.7",[60,4413,2389],{"class":78},[60,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4432],{"class":62,"line":4416},6,[60,4418,143],{"class":142},[60,4420,130],{"class":74},[60,4422,3036],{"class":142},[60,4424,130],{"class":74},[60,4426,3209],{"class":1527},[60,4428,130],{"class":74},[60,4430,4431],{"class":126},"user_input",[60,4433,1992],{"class":74},[20,4435,153],{},[51,4437,4439],{"className":53,"code":4438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,4440,4441,4447,4461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4442,4443,4445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4444,929],{"class":70},[60,4446,3963],{"class":1402},[60,4448,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4450,4304],{"class":70},[60,4452,4307],{"class":3082},[60,4454,365],{"class":78},[60,4456,1528],{"class":82},[60,4458,356],{"class":78},[60,4460,4316],{"class":70},[60,4462,4463],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4464,4465],{"class":1402},"3.7\n",[46,4467,2804],{"id":2803},[415,4469,4471],{"id":4470},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,4473,4474],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[415,4476,4478],{"id":4477},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,4480,4481],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[415,4483,4485],{"id":4484},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,4487,4488],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[415,4490,4492],{"id":4491},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,4494,4495,4497,4498,3894,4500,4502,4503,123],{},[15,4496,3974],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,4499,3893],{},[15,4501,3900],{}," before using ",[15,4504,3000],{},[415,4506,4508],{"id":4507},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,4510,4511],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[46,4513,2870],{"id":2869},[33,4515,4516,4522,4528,4534,4539],{},[36,4517,4518],{},[551,4519,4520,1579],{"href":3890},[15,4521,3893],{},[36,4523,4524],{},[551,4525,4526,1579],{"href":3897},[15,4527,3900],{},[36,4529,4530],{},[551,4531,4532,1579],{"href":3314},[15,4533,3317],{},[36,4535,4536],{},[551,4537,4538],{"href":3978},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[36,4540,4541],{},[551,4542,3435],{"href":3434},[2912,4544,4545],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":4547},[4548,4549,4550,4551,4552,4553,4559,4565,4566,4573],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":3115,"depth":111,"text":3116},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":3322,"depth":111,"text":3323},{"id":3438,"depth":111,"text":3439},{"id":3542,"depth":111,"text":3543,"children":4554},[4555,4556,4557,4558],{"id":3551,"depth":139,"text":3552},{"id":3651,"depth":139,"text":3652},{"id":3700,"depth":139,"text":3701},{"id":3767,"depth":139,"text":3768},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":4560},[4561,4562,4563,4564],{"id":3848,"depth":139,"text":3849},{"id":3982,"depth":139,"text":3983},{"id":4022,"depth":139,"text":4023},{"id":4141,"depth":139,"text":4142},{"id":4192,"depth":111,"text":4193},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":4567},[4568,4569,4570,4571,4572],{"id":4470,"depth":139,"text":4471},{"id":4477,"depth":139,"text":4478},{"id":4484,"depth":139,"text":4485},{"id":4491,"depth":139,"text":4492},{"id":4507,"depth":139,"text":4508},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2989,"description":4574},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":4581,"title":4582,"body":4583,"description":6272,"extension":2980,"meta":6273,"navigation":304,"path":6274,"seo":6275,"stem":6276,"__hash__":6277},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4584,"toc":6236},[4585,4592,4598,4601,4618,4620,4676,4686,4691,4695,4714,4717,4733,4736,4740,4748,4766,4769,4808,4811,4818,4824,4893,4895,4926,4932,4936,4940,4979,4981,4990,4997,5001,5040,5042,5051,5061,5065,5117,5119,5127,5130,5133,5180,5182,5190,5196,5203,5208,5211,5214,5281,5283,5291,5294,5361,5363,5371,5385,5388,5399,5403,5409,5412,5414,5430,5432,5440,5443,5446,5449,5466,5469,5472,5502,5504,5517,5521,5525,5527,5542,5547,5550,5577,5584,5587,5627,5634,5640,5648,5651,5703,5710,5774,5779,5788,5791,5809,5815,5818,5960,5966,5971,5974,5985,5988,6042,6044,6052,6055,6114,6116,6124,6127,6138,6140,6146,6155,6164,6167,6174,6177,6186,6199,6201,6233],[10,4586,163,4588,4591],{"id":4587},"python-all-function-explained",[15,4589,4590],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,4593,4594,4595,4597],{},"Python’s ",[15,4596,4590],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,4599,4600],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[33,4602,4603,4606,4609],{},[36,4604,4605],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[36,4607,4608],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[36,4610,4611,3412,4614,4617],{},[15,4612,4613],{},"all([])",[15,4615,4616],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[46,4619,49],{"id":48},[51,4621,4623],{"className":53,"code":4622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,4624,4625,4646,4662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4626,4627,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4628,4629],{"class":66},"numbers ",[60,4631,71],{"class":70},[60,4633,75],{"class":74},[60,4635,1432],{"class":1402},[60,4637,88],{"class":74},[60,4639,1437],{"class":1402},[60,4641,88],{"class":74},[60,4643,1442],{"class":1402},[60,4645,108],{"class":74},[60,4647,4648,4650,4652,4655,4657,4660],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4649,114],{"class":66},[60,4651,71],{"class":70},[60,4653,4654],{"class":142}," all",[60,4656,130],{"class":74},[60,4658,4659],{"class":126},"numbers",[60,4661,136],{"class":74},[60,4663,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4665,143],{"class":142},[60,4667,130],{"class":74},[60,4669,148],{"class":126},[60,4671,2662],{"class":74},[60,4673,4675],{"class":4674},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,4677,4678,3412,4680,4682,4683,123],{},[15,4679,4590],{},[15,4681,4616],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,4684,4685],{},"False",[46,4687,178,4689,181],{"id":4688},"what-all-does",[15,4690,4590],{},[20,4692,4693,3901],{},[15,4694,4590],{},[33,4696,4697,4700,4706,4711],{},[36,4698,4699],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[36,4701,4702,4703,4705],{},"returns ",[15,4704,4616],{}," if all items are truthy",[36,4707,4702,4708,4710],{},[15,4709,4685],{}," if any item is falsy",[36,4712,4713],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,4715,4716],{},"Basic syntax:",[51,4718,4720],{"className":53,"code":4719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all(iterable)\n",[15,4721,4722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4723,4724,4727,4729,4731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4725,4726],{"class":142},"all",[60,4728,130],{"class":74},[60,4730,411],{"class":126},[60,4732,136],{"class":74},[20,4734,4735],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[46,4737,4739],{"id":4738},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,4741,4742,4743,3894,4745,4747],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,4744,4616],{},[15,4746,4685],{}," in conditions.",[33,4749,4750,4759],{},[36,4751,4752,4756,4757],{},[4753,4754,4755],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,4758,4616],{},[36,4760,4761,4756,4764],{},[4753,4762,4763],{},"Falsy",[15,4765,4685],{},[20,4767,4768],{},"Common falsy values include:",[33,4770,4771,4775,4780,4785,4789,4793,4798,4803],{},[36,4772,4773],{},[15,4774,3137],{},[36,4776,4777],{},[15,4778,4779],{},"0.0",[36,4781,4782],{},[15,4783,4784],{},"''",[36,4786,4787],{},[15,4788,1585],{},[36,4790,4791],{},[15,4792,4685],{},[36,4794,4795],{},[15,4796,4797],{},"[]",[36,4799,4800],{},[15,4801,4802],{},"{}",[36,4804,4805],{},[15,4806,4807],{},"set()",[20,4809,4810],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4812,4813,4814,123],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[551,4815,4817],{"href":4816},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4819,4820,4821,3901],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4822,4823],{},"bool()",[51,4825,4827],{"className":53,"code":4826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4828,4829,4863,4867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4830,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4844,4846,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4832,1336],{"class":66},[60,4834,71],{"class":70},[60,4836,75],{"class":74},[60,4838,1432],{"class":1402},[60,4840,88],{"class":74},[60,4842,4843],{"class":1402}," 0",[60,4845,88],{"class":74},[60,4847,4848],{"class":78}," ''",[60,4850,88],{"class":74},[60,4852,365],{"class":78},[60,4854,1008],{"class":82},[60,4856,356],{"class":78},[60,4858,88],{"class":74},[60,4860,1612],{"class":1611},[60,4862,108],{"class":74},[60,4864,4865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4866,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,4868,4869,4871,4873,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4887,4889,4891],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,4870,143],{"class":142},[60,4872,2652],{"class":74},[60,4874,4875],{"class":1527},"bool",[60,4877,130],{"class":74},[60,4879,3191],{"class":126},[60,4881,2662],{"class":74},[60,4883,2666],{"class":2665},[60,4885,4886],{"class":126}," x ",[60,4888,2672],{"class":2665},[60,4890,1533],{"class":126},[60,4892,2677],{"class":74},[20,4894,153],{},[51,4896,4898],{"className":53,"code":4897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4899,4900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4901,4902,4904,4906,4908,4911,4913,4915,4917,4920,4922,4924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4903,353],{"class":74},[60,4905,4616],{"class":1611},[60,4907,88],{"class":74},[60,4909,4910],{"class":1611}," False",[60,4912,88],{"class":74},[60,4914,4910],{"class":1611},[60,4916,88],{"class":74},[60,4918,4919],{"class":1611}," True",[60,4921,88],{"class":74},[60,4923,4910],{"class":1611},[60,4925,108],{"class":74},[20,4927,4928,4929,4931],{},"This matters because ",[15,4930,4590],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[46,4933,4935],{"id":4934},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[415,4937,4939],{"id":4938},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[51,4941,4943],{"className":53,"code":4942,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4944,4945,4965],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4946,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4948,4629],{"class":66},[60,4950,71],{"class":70},[60,4952,75],{"class":74},[60,4954,1432],{"class":1402},[60,4956,88],{"class":74},[60,4958,1437],{"class":1402},[60,4960,88],{"class":74},[60,4962,1442],{"class":1402},[60,4964,108],{"class":74},[60,4966,4967,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,4968,143],{"class":142},[60,4970,130],{"class":74},[60,4972,4726],{"class":142},[60,4974,130],{"class":74},[60,4976,4659],{"class":126},[60,4978,1042],{"class":74},[20,4980,153],{},[51,4982,4984],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n",[15,4985,4986],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,4987,4988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,4989,4983],{"class":1611},[20,4991,4992,4993,3412,4995,123],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4994,4590],{},[15,4996,4616],{},[415,4998,5000],{"id":4999},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[51,5002,5004],{"className":53,"code":5003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5005,5006,5026],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5007,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5009,4629],{"class":66},[60,5011,71],{"class":70},[60,5013,75],{"class":74},[60,5015,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5017,88],{"class":74},[60,5019,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5021,88],{"class":74},[60,5023,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5025,108],{"class":74},[60,5027,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5029,143],{"class":142},[60,5031,130],{"class":74},[60,5033,4726],{"class":142},[60,5035,130],{"class":74},[60,5037,4659],{"class":126},[60,5039,1042],{"class":74},[20,5041,153],{},[51,5043,5045],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\n",[15,5046,5047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5048,5049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5050,5044],{"class":1611},[20,5052,5053,5054,5056,5057,3412,5059,123],{},"The value ",[15,5055,3137],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,5058,4590],{},[15,5060,4685],{},[415,5062,5064],{"id":5063},"example-strings","Example: strings",[51,5066,5068],{"className":53,"code":5067,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,5069,5070,5103],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5071,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5099,5101],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5073,67],{"class":66},[60,5075,71],{"class":70},[60,5077,75],{"class":74},[60,5079,356],{"class":78},[60,5081,1604],{"class":82},[60,5083,356],{"class":78},[60,5085,88],{"class":74},[60,5087,365],{"class":78},[60,5089,1619],{"class":82},[60,5091,356],{"class":78},[60,5093,88],{"class":74},[60,5095,365],{"class":78},[60,5097,5098],{"class":82},"cherry",[60,5100,356],{"class":78},[60,5102,108],{"class":74},[60,5104,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5106,143],{"class":142},[60,5108,130],{"class":74},[60,5110,4726],{"class":142},[60,5112,130],{"class":74},[60,5114,133],{"class":126},[60,5116,1042],{"class":74},[20,5118,153],{},[51,5120,5121],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5122,5123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5124,5125],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5126,4983],{"class":1611},[20,5128,5129],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,5131,5132],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[51,5134,5136],{"className":53,"code":5135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,5137,5138,5166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5139,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5141,67],{"class":66},[60,5143,71],{"class":70},[60,5145,75],{"class":74},[60,5147,356],{"class":78},[60,5149,1604],{"class":82},[60,5151,356],{"class":78},[60,5153,88],{"class":74},[60,5155,4848],{"class":78},[60,5157,88],{"class":74},[60,5159,365],{"class":78},[60,5161,5098],{"class":82},[60,5163,356],{"class":78},[60,5165,108],{"class":74},[60,5167,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5169,143],{"class":142},[60,5171,130],{"class":74},[60,5173,4726],{"class":142},[60,5175,130],{"class":74},[60,5177,133],{"class":126},[60,5179,1042],{"class":74},[20,5181,153],{},[51,5183,5184],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5185,5186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5187,5188],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5189,5044],{"class":1611},[20,5191,5192,5193,5195],{},"The empty string ",[15,5194,4784],{}," is falsy.",[46,5197,5199,5200,5202],{"id":5198},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,5201,4590],{}," works with conditions",[20,5204,5205,5207],{},[15,5206,4590],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,5209,5210],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,5212,5213],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[51,5215,5217],{"className":53,"code":5216,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5218,5219,5239,5267,5271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5220,5221,5223,5225,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5237],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5222,4629],{"class":66},[60,5224,71],{"class":70},[60,5226,75],{"class":74},[60,5228,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5230,88],{"class":74},[60,5232,1437],{"class":1402},[60,5234,88],{"class":74},[60,5236,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5238,108],{"class":74},[60,5240,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5265],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5242,114],{"class":66},[60,5244,71],{"class":70},[60,5246,4654],{"class":142},[60,5248,130],{"class":74},[60,5250,4038],{"class":126},[60,5252,5253],{"class":70},">",[60,5255,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5257,2666],{"class":2665},[60,5259,4886],{"class":126},[60,5261,2672],{"class":2665},[60,5263,5264],{"class":126}," numbers",[60,5266,136],{"class":74},[60,5268,5269],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,5270,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,5272,5273,5275,5277,5279],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,5274,143],{"class":142},[60,5276,130],{"class":74},[60,5278,148],{"class":126},[60,5280,136],{"class":74},[20,5282,153],{},[51,5284,5285],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5286,5287],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5288,5289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5290,4983],{"class":1611},[20,5292,5293],{},"Here is one that fails:",[51,5295,5297],{"className":53,"code":5296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,5298,5299,5321,5347,5351],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5300,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309,5311,5313,5315,5317,5319],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5302,4629],{"class":66},[60,5304,71],{"class":70},[60,5306,75],{"class":74},[60,5308,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5310,88],{"class":74},[60,5312,3238],{"class":70},[60,5314,1925],{"class":1402},[60,5316,88],{"class":74},[60,5318,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5320,108],{"class":74},[60,5322,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5324,114],{"class":66},[60,5326,71],{"class":70},[60,5328,4654],{"class":142},[60,5330,130],{"class":74},[60,5332,4038],{"class":126},[60,5334,5253],{"class":70},[60,5336,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5338,2666],{"class":2665},[60,5340,4886],{"class":126},[60,5342,2672],{"class":2665},[60,5344,5264],{"class":126},[60,5346,136],{"class":74},[60,5348,5349],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,5350,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,5352,5353,5355,5357,5359],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,5354,143],{"class":142},[60,5356,130],{"class":74},[60,5358,148],{"class":126},[60,5360,136],{"class":74},[20,5362,153],{},[51,5364,5365],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5366,5367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5368,5369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5370,5044],{"class":1611},[20,5372,5373,5374,5377,5378,5380,5381,3412,5383,123],{},"The expression ",[15,5375,5376],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,5379,4616],{},", then ",[15,5382,4590],{},[15,5384,4616],{},[20,5386,5387],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,5389,5390,5391,2360,5395,123],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[551,5392,5394],{"href":5393},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[551,5396,5398],{"href":5397},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[46,5400,5402],{"id":5401},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,5404,5405,3412,5407,123],{},[15,5406,4613],{},[15,5408,4616],{},[20,5410,5411],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,5413,236],{},[51,5415,5417],{"className":53,"code":5416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))\n",[15,5418,5419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5420,5421,5423,5425,5427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5422,143],{"class":142},[60,5424,130],{"class":74},[60,5426,4726],{"class":142},[60,5428,5429],{"class":74},"([]))\n",[20,5431,153],{},[51,5433,5434],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5435,5436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5437,5438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5439,4983],{"class":1611},[20,5441,5442],{},"Why?",[20,5444,5445],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,5447,5448],{},"Think of it this way:",[33,5450,5451,5458,5461],{},[36,5452,5453,3412,5455,5457],{},[15,5454,4590],{},[15,5456,4685],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[36,5459,5460],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[36,5462,5463,5464],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,5465,4685],{},[20,5467,5468],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,5470,5471],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[51,5473,5475],{"className":53,"code":5474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,5476,5477,5488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5478,5479,5481,5483,5485],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5480,143],{"class":142},[60,5482,130],{"class":74},[60,5484,4726],{"class":142},[60,5486,5487],{"class":74},"(()))\n",[60,5489,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5491,143],{"class":142},[60,5493,130],{"class":74},[60,5495,4726],{"class":142},[60,5497,130],{"class":74},[60,5499,4784],{"class":78},[60,5501,1042],{"class":74},[20,5503,153],{},[51,5505,5507],{"className":53,"code":5506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\n",[15,5508,5509,5513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5510,5511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5512,4983],{"class":1611},[60,5514,5515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5516,4983],{"class":1611},[46,5518,5520],{"id":5519},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[415,5522,5524],{"id":5523},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,5526,2012],{},[51,5528,5530],{"className":53,"code":5529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,5531,5532,5537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5533,5534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5535,5536],{"class":4674},"# Wrong\n",[60,5538,5539],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5540,5541],{"class":4674},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,5543,5544,5546],{},[15,5545,4590],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,5548,5549],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[51,5551,5553],{"className":53,"code":5552,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,5554,5555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5556,5557,5559,5561,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5573,5575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5558,143],{"class":142},[60,5560,130],{"class":74},[60,5562,4726],{"class":142},[60,5564,2652],{"class":74},[60,5566,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5568,88],{"class":74},[60,5570,1437],{"class":1402},[60,5572,88],{"class":74},[60,5574,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5576,2718],{"class":74},[415,5578,5580,5581,5583],{"id":5579},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,5582,4590],{}," compares values automatically",[20,5585,5586],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[51,5588,5590],{"className":53,"code":5589,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,5591,5592,5613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5607,5609,5611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5595,4629],{"class":66},[60,5597,71],{"class":70},[60,5599,75],{"class":74},[60,5601,3154],{"class":1402},[60,5603,88],{"class":74},[60,5605,5606],{"class":1402}," 5",[60,5608,88],{"class":74},[60,5610,5606],{"class":1402},[60,5612,108],{"class":74},[60,5614,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5625],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5616,143],{"class":142},[60,5618,130],{"class":74},[60,5620,4726],{"class":142},[60,5622,130],{"class":74},[60,5624,4659],{"class":126},[60,5626,1042],{"class":74},[20,5628,5629,5630,5633],{},"This does ",[4753,5631,5632],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,5635,5636,5637,5639],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,5638,3154],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[51,5641,5642],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,5643,5644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5645,5646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5647,4983],{"class":1611},[20,5649,5650],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[51,5652,5654],{"className":53,"code":5653,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,5655,5656,5676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5657,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670,5672,5674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5659,4629],{"class":66},[60,5661,71],{"class":70},[60,5663,75],{"class":74},[60,5665,3154],{"class":1402},[60,5667,88],{"class":74},[60,5669,5606],{"class":1402},[60,5671,88],{"class":74},[60,5673,5606],{"class":1402},[60,5675,108],{"class":74},[60,5677,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699,5701],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5679,143],{"class":142},[60,5681,130],{"class":74},[60,5683,4726],{"class":142},[60,5685,130],{"class":74},[60,5687,4038],{"class":126},[60,5689,5690],{"class":70},"==",[60,5692,5606],{"class":1402},[60,5694,2666],{"class":2665},[60,5696,4886],{"class":126},[60,5698,2672],{"class":2665},[60,5700,5264],{"class":126},[60,5702,1042],{"class":74},[415,5704,5706,5707,5709],{"id":5705},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,5708,3137],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[51,5711,5713],{"className":53,"code":5712,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,5714,5715,5741],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5716,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735,5738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5718,143],{"class":142},[60,5720,130],{"class":74},[60,5722,4726],{"class":142},[60,5724,2652],{"class":74},[60,5726,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5728,88],{"class":74},[60,5730,1437],{"class":1402},[60,5732,88],{"class":74},[60,5734,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5736,5737],{"class":74},"]))",[60,5739,5740],{"class":4674},"       # False\n",[60,5742,5743,5745,5747,5749,5751,5753,5755,5757,5759,5761,5763,5765,5767,5769,5771],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5744,143],{"class":142},[60,5746,130],{"class":74},[60,5748,4726],{"class":142},[60,5750,2652],{"class":74},[60,5752,356],{"class":78},[60,5754,551],{"class":82},[60,5756,356],{"class":78},[60,5758,88],{"class":74},[60,5760,365],{"class":78},[60,5762,2258],{"class":82},[60,5764,356],{"class":78},[60,5766,88],{"class":74},[60,5768,4848],{"class":78},[60,5770,5737],{"class":74},[60,5772,5773],{"class":4674},"  # False\n",[20,5775,5776,5777,123],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5778,4685],{},[415,5780,5782,5783,5785,5786],{"id":5781},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5784,4613],{}," is ",[15,5787,4616],{},[20,5789,5790],{},"This is expected behavior:",[51,5792,5794],{"className":53,"code":5793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5795,5796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5797,5798,5800,5802,5804,5807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5799,143],{"class":142},[60,5801,130],{"class":74},[60,5803,4726],{"class":142},[60,5805,5806],{"class":74},"([]))",[60,5808,4675],{"class":4674},[20,5810,5811,5812,5814],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5813,4616],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5816,5817],{},"Useful quick tests:",[51,5819,5821],{"className":53,"code":5820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5822,5823,5845,5867,5914,5950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5824,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5826,143],{"class":142},[60,5828,130],{"class":74},[60,5830,4726],{"class":142},[60,5832,2652],{"class":74},[60,5834,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5836,88],{"class":74},[60,5838,1437],{"class":1402},[60,5840,88],{"class":74},[60,5842,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5844,2718],{"class":74},[60,5846,5847,5849,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,5848,143],{"class":142},[60,5850,130],{"class":74},[60,5852,4726],{"class":142},[60,5854,2652],{"class":74},[60,5856,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5858,88],{"class":74},[60,5860,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5862,88],{"class":74},[60,5864,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5866,2718],{"class":74},[60,5868,5869,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5911],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,5870,143],{"class":142},[60,5872,2652],{"class":74},[60,5874,4875],{"class":1527},[60,5876,130],{"class":74},[60,5878,3191],{"class":126},[60,5880,2662],{"class":74},[60,5882,2666],{"class":2665},[60,5884,4886],{"class":126},[60,5886,2672],{"class":2665},[60,5888,75],{"class":74},[60,5890,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5892,88],{"class":74},[60,5894,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5896,88],{"class":74},[60,5898,4848],{"class":78},[60,5900,88],{"class":74},[60,5902,365],{"class":78},[60,5904,1008],{"class":82},[60,5906,356],{"class":78},[60,5908,88],{"class":74},[60,5910,1612],{"class":1611},[60,5912,5913],{"class":74},"]])\n",[60,5915,5916,5918,5920,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,5917,143],{"class":142},[60,5919,130],{"class":74},[60,5921,4726],{"class":142},[60,5923,130],{"class":74},[60,5925,4038],{"class":126},[60,5927,5253],{"class":70},[60,5929,4843],{"class":1402},[60,5931,2666],{"class":2665},[60,5933,4886],{"class":126},[60,5935,2672],{"class":2665},[60,5937,75],{"class":74},[60,5939,1432],{"class":1402},[60,5941,88],{"class":74},[60,5943,1437],{"class":1402},[60,5945,88],{"class":74},[60,5947,1442],{"class":1402},[60,5949,2718],{"class":74},[60,5951,5952,5954,5956,5958],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,5953,143],{"class":142},[60,5955,130],{"class":74},[60,5957,4726],{"class":142},[60,5959,5429],{"class":74},[46,5961,5963,5964],{"id":5962},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5965,4590],{},[20,5967,5968,5970],{},[15,5969,4590],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5972,5973],{},"Common use cases:",[33,5975,5976,5979,5982],{},[36,5977,5978],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[36,5980,5981],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[36,5983,5984],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5986,5987],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[51,5989,5991],{"className":53,"code":5990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5992,5993,6028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,5994,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6006,6008,6010,6012,6015,6017,6019,6021,6024,6026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,5996,454],{"class":66},[60,5998,71],{"class":70},[60,6000,75],{"class":74},[60,6002,356],{"class":78},[60,6004,6005],{"class":82},"Alice",[60,6007,356],{"class":78},[60,6009,88],{"class":74},[60,6011,365],{"class":78},[60,6013,6014],{"class":82},"Bob",[60,6016,356],{"class":78},[60,6018,88],{"class":74},[60,6020,365],{"class":78},[60,6022,6023],{"class":82},"Charlie",[60,6025,356],{"class":78},[60,6027,108],{"class":74},[60,6029,6030,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6031,143],{"class":142},[60,6033,130],{"class":74},[60,6035,4726],{"class":142},[60,6037,130],{"class":74},[60,6039,507],{"class":126},[60,6041,1042],{"class":74},[20,6043,153],{},[51,6045,6046],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6047,6048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6049,6050],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6051,4983],{"class":1611},[20,6053,6054],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[51,6056,6058],{"className":53,"code":6057,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,6059,6060,6084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6061,6062,6065,6067,6069,6072,6074,6077,6079,6082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6063,6064],{"class":66},"scores ",[60,6066,71],{"class":70},[60,6068,75],{"class":74},[60,6070,6071],{"class":1402},"75",[60,6073,88],{"class":74},[60,6075,6076],{"class":1402}," 80",[60,6078,88],{"class":74},[60,6080,6081],{"class":1402}," 50",[60,6083,108],{"class":74},[60,6085,6086,6088,6090,6092,6094,6097,6100,6102,6104,6107,6109,6112],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6087,143],{"class":142},[60,6089,130],{"class":74},[60,6091,4726],{"class":142},[60,6093,130],{"class":74},[60,6095,6096],{"class":126},"score ",[60,6098,6099],{"class":70},">=",[60,6101,6081],{"class":1402},[60,6103,2666],{"class":2665},[60,6105,6106],{"class":126}," score ",[60,6108,2672],{"class":2665},[60,6110,6111],{"class":126}," scores",[60,6113,1042],{"class":74},[20,6115,153],{},[51,6117,6118],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6119,6120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6121,6122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6123,4983],{"class":1611},[20,6125,6126],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,6128,6129,6130,2360,6134,123],{},"For related tasks, see ",[551,6131,6133],{"href":6132},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[551,6135,6137],{"href":6136},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[46,6139,2804],{"id":2803},[415,6141,2846,6143,6145],{"id":6142},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,6144,4590],{}," return in Python?",[20,6147,6148,6149,6151,6152,6154],{},"It returns ",[15,6150,4616],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,6153,4685],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[415,6156,6158,6159,6161,6162,2863],{"id":6157},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,6160,4613],{}," return ",[15,6163,4616],{},[20,6165,6166],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[415,6168,6170,6171,6173],{"id":6169},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,6172,4590],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,6175,6176],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[415,6178,6180,6181,2360,6183,2863],{"id":6179},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,6182,4590],{},[15,6184,6185],{},"any()",[20,6187,6188,6190,6191,6193,6194,123],{},[15,6189,4590],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,6192,6185],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[551,6195,163,6197,1579],{"href":6196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,6198,6185],{},[46,6200,2870],{"id":2869},[33,6202,6203,6209,6213,6218,6223,6228],{},[36,6204,6205],{},[551,6206,163,6207,1579],{"href":6196},[15,6208,6185],{},[36,6210,6211],{},[551,6212,4817],{"href":4816},[36,6214,6215],{},[551,6216,6217],{"href":6136},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[36,6219,6220],{},[551,6221,6222],{"href":6132},"How to filter a list in Python",[36,6224,6225],{},[551,6226,6227],{"href":5393},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[36,6229,6230],{},[551,6231,6232],{"href":5397},"What is an iterable in Python",[2912,6234,6235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":6237},[6238,6239,6241,6242,6247,6249,6250,6259,6261,6271],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":4688,"depth":111,"text":6240},"What all() does",{"id":4738,"depth":111,"text":4739},{"id":4934,"depth":111,"text":4935,"children":6243},[6244,6245,6246],{"id":4938,"depth":139,"text":4939},{"id":4999,"depth":139,"text":5000},{"id":5063,"depth":139,"text":5064},{"id":5198,"depth":111,"text":6248},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":5401,"depth":111,"text":5402},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":6251},[6252,6253,6255,6257],{"id":5523,"depth":139,"text":5524},{"id":5579,"depth":139,"text":6254},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5705,"depth":139,"text":6256},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5781,"depth":139,"text":6258},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5962,"depth":111,"text":6260},"When to use all()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":6262},[6263,6265,6267,6269],{"id":6142,"depth":139,"text":6264},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":6157,"depth":139,"text":6266},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":6169,"depth":139,"text":6268},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":6179,"depth":139,"text":6270},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":4582,"description":6272},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":6279,"title":6280,"body":6281,"description":7966,"extension":2980,"meta":7967,"navigation":304,"path":6196,"seo":7968,"stem":7969,"__hash__":7970},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6282,"toc":7944},[6283,6286,6294,6297,6314,6322,6365,6374,6378,6383,6386,6403,6406,6417,6429,6433,6436,6451,6456,6459,6471,6474,6559,6562,6583,6589,6591,6599,6613,6615,6649,6651,6654,6715,6717,6734,6737,6764,6766,6774,6786,6790,6793,6832,6834,6842,6844,6860,6868,6871,6914,6916,6924,6929,6933,6941,6944,6969,6972,6975,7049,7051,7059,7066,7090,7101,7104,7181,7183,7191,7198,7202,7207,7222,7224,7232,7235,7241,7244,7289,7291,7308,7312,7317,7328,7331,7446,7449,7508,7514,7516,7521,7525,7527,7546,7552,7555,7574,7578,7586,7613,7615,7623,7630,7634,7640,7663,7665,7673,7680,7684,7687,7738,7741,7792,7795,7797,7801,7808,7812,7819,7823,7831,7835,7838,7860,7862,7912,7914,7941],[10,6284,6280],{"id":6285},"python-any-function-explained",[20,6287,6288,6290,6291,123],{},[15,6289,6185],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[4753,6292,6293],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,6295,6296],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[33,6298,6299,6302,6305,6308,6311],{},[36,6300,6301],{},"lists",[36,6303,6304],{},"tuples",[36,6306,6307],{},"sets",[36,6309,6310],{},"strings",[36,6312,6313],{},"generator expressions",[20,6315,6316,6317,3894,6319,6321],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,6318,4616],{},[15,6320,4685],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[51,6323,6325],{"className":53,"code":6324,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,6326,6327,6347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6328,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6330,1336],{"class":66},[60,6332,71],{"class":70},[60,6334,75],{"class":74},[60,6336,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6338,88],{"class":74},[60,6340,4848],{"class":78},[60,6342,88],{"class":74},[60,6344,5606],{"class":1402},[60,6346,108],{"class":74},[60,6348,6349,6351,6353,6356,6358,6360,6363],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6350,143],{"class":142},[60,6352,130],{"class":74},[60,6354,6355],{"class":142},"any",[60,6357,130],{"class":74},[60,6359,1388],{"class":126},[60,6361,6362],{"class":74},"))",[60,6364,4675],{"class":4674},[20,6366,171,6367,6370,6371,6373],{},[15,6368,6369],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,6372,4616],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[46,6375,6377],{"id":6376},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,6379,6380,6382],{},[15,6381,6185],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,6384,6385],{},"It returns:",[33,6387,6388,6393,6398],{},[36,6389,6390,6392],{},[15,6391,4616],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[36,6394,6395,6397],{},[15,6396,4685],{}," if all items are falsy",[36,6399,6400,6402],{},[15,6401,4685],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,6404,6405],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[33,6407,6408,6411,6414],{},[36,6409,6410],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[36,6412,6413],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[36,6415,6416],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,6418,6419,6420,6423,6424,123],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[4753,6421,6422],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[551,6425,6427],{"href":6426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,6428,4590],{},[46,6430,6432],{"id":6431},"syntax","Syntax",[20,6434,6435],{},"The syntax is simple:",[51,6437,6439],{"className":53,"code":6438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(iterable)\n",[15,6440,6441],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6442,6443,6445,6447,6449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6444,6355],{"class":142},[60,6446,130],{"class":74},[60,6448,411],{"class":126},[60,6450,136],{"class":74},[20,6452,6453,6454,123],{},"The argument must be an ",[4753,6455,411],{},[20,6457,6458],{},"Common inputs include:",[33,6460,6461,6463,6465,6467,6469],{},[36,6462,6301],{},[36,6464,6304],{},[36,6466,6307],{},[36,6468,6310],{},[36,6470,6313],{},[20,6472,6473],{},"For example:",[51,6475,6477],{"className":53,"code":6476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,6478,6479,6502,6521,6541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6480,6481,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6482,143],{"class":142},[60,6484,130],{"class":74},[60,6486,6355],{"class":142},[60,6488,2652],{"class":74},[60,6490,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6492,88],{"class":74},[60,6494,4843],{"class":1402},[60,6496,88],{"class":74},[60,6498,6499],{"class":1402}," 1",[60,6501,2718],{"class":74},[60,6503,6504,6506,6508,6510,6513,6515,6517,6519],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6505,143],{"class":142},[60,6507,130],{"class":74},[60,6509,6355],{"class":142},[60,6511,6512],{"class":74},"((",[60,6514,4685],{"class":1611},[60,6516,88],{"class":74},[60,6518,4910],{"class":1611},[60,6520,1992],{"class":74},[60,6522,6523,6525,6527,6529,6532,6534,6536,6538],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,6524,143],{"class":142},[60,6526,130],{"class":74},[60,6528,6355],{"class":142},[60,6530,6531],{"class":74},"({",[60,6533,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6535,88],{"class":74},[60,6537,1437],{"class":1402},[60,6539,6540],{"class":74},"}))\n",[60,6542,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,6544,143],{"class":142},[60,6546,130],{"class":74},[60,6548,6355],{"class":142},[60,6550,130],{"class":74},[60,6552,79],{"class":78},[60,6554,1008],{"class":82},[60,6556,79],{"class":78},[60,6558,1042],{"class":74},[20,6560,6561],{},"Expected output:",[51,6563,6565],{"className":53,"code":6564,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6566,6567,6571,6575,6579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6568,6569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6570,4983],{"class":1611},[60,6572,6573],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6574,5044],{"class":1611},[60,6576,6577],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,6578,4983],{"class":1611},[60,6580,6581],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,6582,4983],{"class":1611},[20,6584,6585,6586,123],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[551,6587,6137],{"href":6588},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[46,6590,4739],{"id":4738},[20,6592,4742,6593,3894,6596,4747],{},[4753,6594,6595],{},"truthy",[4753,6597,6598],{},"falsy",[33,6600,6601,6607],{},[36,6602,6603,4756,6605],{},[4753,6604,4755],{},[15,6606,4616],{},[36,6608,6609,4756,6611],{},[4753,6610,4763],{},[15,6612,4685],{},[20,6614,4768],{},[33,6616,6617,6621,6625,6629,6633,6637,6641,6645],{},[36,6618,6619],{},[15,6620,4685],{},[36,6622,6623],{},[15,6624,3137],{},[36,6626,6627],{},[15,6628,4779],{},[36,6630,6631],{},[15,6632,4784],{},[36,6634,6635],{},[15,6636,4797],{},[36,6638,6639],{},[15,6640,4802],{},[36,6642,6643],{},[15,6644,4807],{},[36,6646,6647],{},[15,6648,1585],{},[20,6650,4810],{},[20,6652,6653],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[51,6655,6657],{"className":53,"code":6656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,6658,6659,6673,6691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6660,6661,6663,6665,6667,6669,6671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6662,143],{"class":142},[60,6664,130],{"class":74},[60,6666,6355],{"class":142},[60,6668,2652],{"class":74},[60,6670,1432],{"class":1402},[60,6672,2718],{"class":74},[60,6674,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6676,143],{"class":142},[60,6678,130],{"class":74},[60,6680,6355],{"class":142},[60,6682,2652],{"class":74},[60,6684,356],{"class":78},[60,6686,1008],{"class":82},[60,6688,356],{"class":78},[60,6690,2718],{"class":74},[60,6692,6693,6695,6697,6699,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,6694,143],{"class":142},[60,6696,130],{"class":74},[60,6698,6355],{"class":142},[60,6700,6701],{"class":74},"([[",[60,6703,1432],{"class":1402},[60,6705,88],{"class":74},[60,6707,1437],{"class":1402},[60,6709,88],{"class":74},[60,6711,1442],{"class":1402},[60,6713,6714],{"class":74},"]]))\n",[20,6716,6561],{},[51,6718,6720],{"className":53,"code":6719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,6721,6722,6726,6730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6723,6724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6725,4983],{"class":1611},[60,6727,6728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6729,4983],{"class":1611},[60,6731,6732],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,6733,4983],{"class":1611},[20,6735,6736],{},"And these are all falsy:",[51,6738,6740],{"className":53,"code":6739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,6741,6742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6743,6744,6746,6748,6750,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6745,143],{"class":142},[60,6747,130],{"class":74},[60,6749,6355],{"class":142},[60,6751,2652],{"class":74},[60,6753,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6755,88],{"class":74},[60,6757,4848],{"class":78},[60,6759,88],{"class":74},[60,6761,1612],{"class":1611},[60,6763,2718],{"class":74},[20,6765,6561],{},[51,6767,6768],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6769,6770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6771,6772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6773,5044],{"class":1611},[20,6775,6776,6777,2360,6780,123],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[551,6778,4817],{"href":6779},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[551,6781,6783,6785],{"href":6782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6784,4823],{}," explained",[46,6787,6789],{"id":6788},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6791,6792],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[51,6794,6796],{"className":53,"code":6795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6797,6798,6818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6799,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6801,1336],{"class":66},[60,6803,71],{"class":70},[60,6805,75],{"class":74},[60,6807,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6809,88],{"class":74},[60,6811,4848],{"class":78},[60,6813,88],{"class":74},[60,6815,5606],{"class":1402},[60,6817,108],{"class":74},[60,6819,6820,6822,6824,6826,6828,6830],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6821,143],{"class":142},[60,6823,130],{"class":74},[60,6825,6355],{"class":142},[60,6827,130],{"class":74},[60,6829,1388],{"class":126},[60,6831,1042],{"class":74},[20,6833,153],{},[51,6835,6836],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6837,6838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6839,6840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6841,4983],{"class":1611},[20,6843,5442],{},[33,6845,6846,6851,6855],{},[36,6847,6848,6850],{},[15,6849,3137],{}," is falsy",[36,6852,6853,6850],{},[15,6854,4784],{},[36,6856,6857,6859],{},[15,6858,3154],{}," is truthy",[20,6861,6862,6863,3412,6866,123],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6864,6865],{},"any(values)",[15,6867,4616],{},[20,6869,6870],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[51,6872,6874],{"className":53,"code":6873,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6875,6876,6900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6877,6878,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6879,1336],{"class":66},[60,6881,71],{"class":70},[60,6883,75],{"class":74},[60,6885,3137],{"class":1402},[60,6887,88],{"class":74},[60,6889,4848],{"class":78},[60,6891,88],{"class":74},[60,6893,1612],{"class":1611},[60,6895,88],{"class":74},[60,6897,4910],{"class":1611},[60,6899,108],{"class":74},[60,6901,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,6903,143],{"class":142},[60,6905,130],{"class":74},[60,6907,6355],{"class":142},[60,6909,130],{"class":74},[60,6911,1388],{"class":126},[60,6913,1042],{"class":74},[20,6915,153],{},[51,6917,6918],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,6919,6920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6921,6922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6923,5044],{"class":1611},[20,6925,6926,6927,123],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6928,4685],{},[46,6930,6932],{"id":6931},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6934,6935,6937,6938,123],{},[15,6936,6185],{}," is often used with a ",[4753,6939,6940],{},"generator expression",[20,6942,6943],{},"This is a common pattern:",[51,6945,6947],{"className":53,"code":6946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6948,6949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6950,6951,6953,6955,6958,6961,6963,6965,6967],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6952,6355],{"class":142},[60,6954,130],{"class":74},[60,6956,6957],{"class":126},"condition ",[60,6959,6960],{"class":2665},"for",[60,6962,2669],{"class":126},[60,6964,2672],{"class":2665},[60,6966,1989],{"class":126},[60,6968,136],{"class":74},[20,6970,6971],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6973,6974],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[51,6976,6978],{"className":53,"code":6977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6979,6980,7008,7012,7039],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,6981,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,6983,4629],{"class":66},[60,6985,71],{"class":70},[60,6987,75],{"class":74},[60,6989,3519],{"class":1402},[60,6991,88],{"class":74},[60,6993,6994],{"class":1402}," 7",[60,6996,88],{"class":74},[60,6998,3238],{"class":70},[60,7000,1925],{"class":1402},[60,7002,88],{"class":74},[60,7004,7005],{"class":1402}," 10",[60,7007,108],{"class":74},[60,7009,7010],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7011,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,7013,7014,7016,7018,7021,7023,7025,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,7015,114],{"class":66},[60,7017,71],{"class":70},[60,7019,7020],{"class":142}," any",[60,7022,130],{"class":74},[60,7024,4038],{"class":126},[60,7026,4304],{"class":70},[60,7028,4843],{"class":1402},[60,7030,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7032,4886],{"class":126},[60,7034,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7036,5264],{"class":126},[60,7038,136],{"class":74},[60,7040,7041,7043,7045,7047],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,7042,143],{"class":142},[60,7044,130],{"class":74},[60,7046,148],{"class":126},[60,7048,136],{"class":74},[20,7050,153],{},[51,7052,7053],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7054,7055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7056,7057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7058,4983],{"class":1611},[20,7060,7061,7062,7065],{},"This works because ",[15,7063,7064],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[33,7067,7068,7076,7083],{},[36,7069,7070,7073,7074],{},[15,7071,7072],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,7075,4685],{},[36,7077,7078,7073,7081],{},[15,7079,7080],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,7082,4685],{},[36,7084,7085,7073,7088],{},[15,7086,7087],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,7089,4616],{},[20,7091,7092,7093,7095,7096,7098,7099,123],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,7094,4616],{}," result, ",[15,7097,6185],{}," can return ",[15,7100,4616],{},[20,7102,7103],{},"Here is another example:",[51,7105,7107],{"className":53,"code":7106,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,7108,7109,7137,7141,7170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7110,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7112,67],{"class":66},[60,7114,71],{"class":70},[60,7116,75],{"class":74},[60,7118,79],{"class":78},[60,7120,1604],{"class":82},[60,7122,79],{"class":78},[60,7124,88],{"class":74},[60,7126,834],{"class":78},[60,7128,88],{"class":74},[60,7130,91],{"class":78},[60,7132,1619],{"class":82},[60,7134,79],{"class":78},[60,7136,108],{"class":74},[60,7138,7139],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7140,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,7142,7143,7146,7148,7150,7152,7155,7157,7159,7161,7164,7166,7168],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,7144,7145],{"class":66},"has_empty_string ",[60,7147,71],{"class":70},[60,7149,7020],{"class":142},[60,7151,130],{"class":74},[60,7153,7154],{"class":126},"word ",[60,7156,5690],{"class":70},[60,7158,834],{"class":78},[60,7160,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7162,7163],{"class":126}," word ",[60,7165,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7167,2058],{"class":126},[60,7169,136],{"class":74},[60,7171,7172,7174,7176,7179],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,7173,143],{"class":142},[60,7175,130],{"class":74},[60,7177,7178],{"class":126},"has_empty_string",[60,7180,136],{"class":74},[20,7182,153],{},[51,7184,7185],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7186,7187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7188,7189],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7190,4983],{"class":1611},[20,7192,7193,7194,123],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[551,7195,7197],{"href":7196},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[46,7199,7201],{"id":7200},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,7203,7204,7205,3901],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,7206,4685],{},[51,7208,7210],{"className":53,"code":7209,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([]))\n",[15,7211,7212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7213,7214,7216,7218,7220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7215,143],{"class":142},[60,7217,130],{"class":74},[60,7219,6355],{"class":142},[60,7221,5429],{"class":74},[20,7223,153],{},[51,7225,7226],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7227,7228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7229,7230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7231,5044],{"class":1611},[20,7233,7234],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,7236,7237,7238,7240],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,7239,6185],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,7242,7243],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[51,7245,7247],{"className":53,"code":7246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,7248,7249,7259,7273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7252,143],{"class":142},[60,7254,130],{"class":74},[60,7256,6355],{"class":142},[60,7258,5487],{"class":74},[60,7260,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269,7271],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7262,143],{"class":142},[60,7264,130],{"class":74},[60,7266,6355],{"class":142},[60,7268,130],{"class":74},[60,7270,226],{"class":78},[60,7272,1042],{"class":74},[60,7274,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7286],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,7276,143],{"class":142},[60,7278,130],{"class":74},[60,7280,6355],{"class":142},[60,7282,130],{"class":74},[60,7284,7285],{"class":1527},"set",[60,7287,7288],{"class":74},"()))\n",[20,7290,153],{},[51,7292,7294],{"className":53,"code":7293,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7295,7296,7300,7304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7297,7298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7299,5044],{"class":1611},[60,7301,7302],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7303,5044],{"class":1611},[60,7305,7306],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,7307,5044],{"class":1611},[46,7309,7311],{"id":7310},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,7313,171,7314,7316],{},[15,7315,6185],{}," when you want to:",[33,7318,7319,7322,7325],{},[36,7320,7321],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[36,7323,7324],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[36,7326,7327],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,7329,7330],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[51,7332,7334],{"className":53,"code":7333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,7335,7336,7361,7365,7375,7379,7393,7412,7423,7429,7434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7337,7338,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354,7356,7359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7339,4629],{"class":66},[60,7341,71],{"class":70},[60,7343,75],{"class":74},[60,7345,1432],{"class":1402},[60,7347,88],{"class":74},[60,7349,1442],{"class":1402},[60,7351,88],{"class":74},[60,7353,5606],{"class":1402},[60,7355,88],{"class":74},[60,7357,7358],{"class":1402}," 8",[60,7360,108],{"class":74},[60,7362,7363],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7364,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,7366,7367,7370,7372],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,7368,7369],{"class":66},"found_even ",[60,7371,71],{"class":70},[60,7373,7374],{"class":1611}," False\n",[60,7376,7377],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,7378,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,7380,7381,7383,7386,7388,7390],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,7382,6960],{"class":2665},[60,7384,7385],{"class":66}," number ",[60,7387,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7389,5264],{"class":66},[60,7391,7392],{"class":74},":\n",[60,7394,7395,7398,7400,7403,7405,7408,7410],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,7396,7397],{"class":2665},"    if",[60,7399,7385],{"class":66},[60,7401,7402],{"class":70},"%",[60,7404,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7406,7407],{"class":70}," ==",[60,7409,4843],{"class":1402},[60,7411,7392],{"class":74},[60,7413,7415,7418,7420],{"class":62,"line":7414},7,[60,7416,7417],{"class":66},"        found_even ",[60,7419,71],{"class":70},[60,7421,7422],{"class":1611}," True\n",[60,7424,7426],{"class":62,"line":7425},8,[60,7427,7428],{"class":2665},"        break\n",[60,7430,7432],{"class":62,"line":7431},9,[60,7433,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,7435,7437,7439,7441,7444],{"class":62,"line":7436},10,[60,7438,143],{"class":142},[60,7440,130],{"class":74},[60,7442,7443],{"class":126},"found_even",[60,7445,136],{"class":74},[20,7447,7448],{},"You can write:",[51,7450,7452],{"className":53,"code":7451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,7453,7454,7478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7457,4629],{"class":66},[60,7459,71],{"class":70},[60,7461,75],{"class":74},[60,7463,1432],{"class":1402},[60,7465,88],{"class":74},[60,7467,1442],{"class":1402},[60,7469,88],{"class":74},[60,7471,5606],{"class":1402},[60,7473,88],{"class":74},[60,7475,7358],{"class":1402},[60,7477,108],{"class":74},[60,7479,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7481,143],{"class":142},[60,7483,130],{"class":74},[60,7485,6355],{"class":142},[60,7487,130],{"class":74},[60,7489,3233],{"class":126},[60,7491,7402],{"class":70},[60,7493,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7495,7407],{"class":70},[60,7497,4843],{"class":1402},[60,7499,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7501,7385],{"class":126},[60,7503,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7505,5264],{"class":126},[60,7507,1042],{"class":74},[20,7509,7510,7511,7513],{},"Both work, but ",[15,7512,6185],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[46,7515,5520],{"id":5519},[20,7517,7518,7519,123],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,7520,6185],{},[415,7522,7524],{"id":7523},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,7526,2012],{},[51,7528,7530],{"className":53,"code":7529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any(5))\n",[15,7531,7532],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540,7542,7544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7535,143],{"class":142},[60,7537,130],{"class":74},[60,7539,6355],{"class":142},[60,7541,130],{"class":74},[60,7543,3154],{"class":1402},[60,7545,1042],{"class":74},[20,7547,7548,7549,7551],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,7550,3154],{}," is not iterable.",[20,7553,7554],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[51,7556,7558],{"className":53,"code":7557,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,7559,7560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7561,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570,7572],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7563,143],{"class":142},[60,7565,130],{"class":74},[60,7567,6355],{"class":142},[60,7569,2652],{"class":74},[60,7571,3154],{"class":1402},[60,7573,2718],{"class":74},[415,7575,7577],{"id":7576},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,7579,7580,7582,7583,7585],{},[15,7581,6185],{}," needs only ",[4753,7584,895],{}," truthy item.",[51,7587,7589],{"className":53,"code":7588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,7590,7591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7592,7593,7595,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609,7611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7594,143],{"class":142},[60,7596,130],{"class":74},[60,7598,6355],{"class":142},[60,7600,2652],{"class":74},[60,7602,4685],{"class":1611},[60,7604,88],{"class":74},[60,7606,4910],{"class":1611},[60,7608,88],{"class":74},[60,7610,4919],{"class":1611},[60,7612,2718],{"class":74},[20,7614,153],{},[51,7616,7617],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7618,7619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7620,7621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7622,4983],{"class":1611},[20,7624,7625,7626,2225],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[551,7627,7628],{"href":6426},[15,7629,4590],{},[415,7631,7633],{"id":7632},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,7635,7636,7637,123],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,7638,7639],{},"\"True\"",[51,7641,7643],{"className":53,"code":7642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,7644,7645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7646,7647,7649,7651,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7648,143],{"class":142},[60,7650,130],{"class":74},[60,7652,6355],{"class":142},[60,7654,2652],{"class":74},[60,7656,79],{"class":78},[60,7658,4685],{"class":82},[60,7660,79],{"class":78},[60,7662,2718],{"class":74},[20,7664,153],{},[51,7666,7667],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7668,7669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7670,7671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7672,4983],{"class":1611},[20,7674,7675,7676,7679],{},"That is because ",[15,7677,7678],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[415,7681,7683],{"id":7682},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,7685,7686],{},"This works:",[51,7688,7690],{"className":53,"code":7689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,7691,7692,7712],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7693,7694,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7695,4629],{"class":66},[60,7697,71],{"class":70},[60,7699,75],{"class":74},[60,7701,1432],{"class":1402},[60,7703,88],{"class":74},[60,7705,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7707,88],{"class":74},[60,7709,1442],{"class":1402},[60,7711,108],{"class":74},[60,7713,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726,7728,7730,7732,7734,7736],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7715,143],{"class":142},[60,7717,130],{"class":74},[60,7719,6355],{"class":142},[60,7721,2652],{"class":74},[60,7723,4038],{"class":126},[60,7725,5253],{"class":70},[60,7727,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7729,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7731,4886],{"class":126},[60,7733,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7735,5264],{"class":126},[60,7737,2718],{"class":74},[20,7739,7740],{},"But this is usually better:",[51,7742,7744],{"className":53,"code":7743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,7745,7746,7766],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7749,4629],{"class":66},[60,7751,71],{"class":70},[60,7753,75],{"class":74},[60,7755,1432],{"class":1402},[60,7757,88],{"class":74},[60,7759,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7761,88],{"class":74},[60,7763,1442],{"class":1402},[60,7765,108],{"class":74},[60,7767,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7769,143],{"class":142},[60,7771,130],{"class":74},[60,7773,6355],{"class":142},[60,7775,130],{"class":74},[60,7777,4038],{"class":126},[60,7779,5253],{"class":70},[60,7781,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7783,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7785,4886],{"class":126},[60,7787,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7789,5264],{"class":126},[60,7791,1042],{"class":74},[20,7793,7794],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[46,7796,2804],{"id":2803},[415,7798,7800],{"id":7799},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7802,6148,7803,7805,7806,123],{},[15,7804,4616],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7807,4685],{},[415,7809,7811],{"id":7810},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7813,7814,3412,7816,7818],{},[15,7815,6185],{},[15,7817,4685],{}," for an empty iterable.",[415,7820,7822],{"id":7821},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7824,7825,7827,7828,7830],{},[15,7826,6185],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7829,4590],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[415,7832,7834],{"id":7833},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7836,7837],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[51,7839,7840],{"className":53,"code":6946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7841,7842],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7843,7844,7846,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7845,6355],{"class":142},[60,7847,130],{"class":74},[60,7849,6957],{"class":126},[60,7851,6960],{"class":2665},[60,7853,2669],{"class":126},[60,7855,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7857,1989],{"class":126},[60,7859,136],{"class":74},[20,7861,6473],{},[51,7863,7864],{"className":53,"code":7743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,7865,7866,7886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,7867,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,7869,4629],{"class":66},[60,7871,71],{"class":70},[60,7873,75],{"class":74},[60,7875,1432],{"class":1402},[60,7877,88],{"class":74},[60,7879,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7881,88],{"class":74},[60,7883,1442],{"class":1402},[60,7885,108],{"class":74},[60,7887,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902,7904,7906,7908,7910],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,7889,143],{"class":142},[60,7891,130],{"class":74},[60,7893,6355],{"class":142},[60,7895,130],{"class":74},[60,7897,4038],{"class":126},[60,7899,5253],{"class":70},[60,7901,1437],{"class":1402},[60,7903,2666],{"class":2665},[60,7905,4886],{"class":126},[60,7907,2672],{"class":2665},[60,7909,5264],{"class":126},[60,7911,1042],{"class":74},[46,7913,2870],{"id":2869},[33,7915,7916,7922,7926,7930,7935],{},[36,7917,7918],{},[551,7919,7920,1579],{"href":6426},[15,7921,4590],{},[36,7923,7924],{},[551,7925,4817],{"href":6779},[36,7927,7928],{},[551,7929,6217],{"href":6588},[36,7931,7932],{},[551,7933,7934],{"href":7196},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[36,7936,7937],{},[551,7938,7939,1579],{"href":6782},[15,7940,4823],{},[2912,7942,7943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":7945},[7946,7947,7948,7949,7950,7951,7952,7953,7959,7965],{"id":6376,"depth":111,"text":6377},{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432},{"id":4738,"depth":111,"text":4739},{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":6931,"depth":111,"text":6932},{"id":7200,"depth":111,"text":7201},{"id":7310,"depth":111,"text":7311},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":7954},[7955,7956,7957,7958],{"id":7523,"depth":139,"text":7524},{"id":7576,"depth":139,"text":7577},{"id":7632,"depth":139,"text":7633},{"id":7682,"depth":139,"text":7683},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":7960},[7961,7962,7963,7964],{"id":7799,"depth":139,"text":7800},{"id":7810,"depth":139,"text":7811},{"id":7821,"depth":139,"text":7822},{"id":7833,"depth":139,"text":7834},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":6280,"description":7966},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7972,"title":7973,"body":7974,"description":10101,"extension":2980,"meta":10102,"navigation":304,"path":10103,"seo":10104,"stem":10105,"__hash__":10106},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7975,"toc":10064},[7976,7979,7988,7998,8000,8097,8099,8128,8144,8148,8153,8156,8166,8172,8178,8194,8196,8204,8211,8215,8217,8232,8237,8255,8260,8262,8309,8311,8328,8332,8338,8341,8376,8378,8484,8486,8523,8527,8535,8537,8557,8559,8679,8681,8710,8713,8736,8738,8746,8754,8758,8764,8768,8808,8810,8818,8821,8849,8851,8859,8863,8892,8894,8902,8933,8935,8943,8947,8998,9000,9008,9016,9020,9023,9076,9078,9098,9105,9109,9115,9118,9126,9148,9150,9158,9166,9189,9191,9199,9204,9209,9221,9223,9264,9275,9279,9288,9291,9294,9353,9356,9408,9411,9417,9433,9439,9441,9446,9455,9458,9480,9482,9490,9495,9498,9533,9535,9543,9547,9552,9590,9602,9605,9660,9668,9672,9675,9697,9706,9709,9750,9752,9775,9781,9787,9802,9804,9824,9827,9846,9848,9867,9871,9876,9955,9958,9972,9979,9981,9985,9992,9996,10000,10004,10009,10013,10018,10022,10029,10031,10061],[10,7977,7973],{"id":7978},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7980,2997,7981,7983,7984,3894,7986,123],{},[15,7982,4823],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7985,4616],{},[15,7987,4685],{},[20,7989,7990,7991,7993,7994,7997],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7992,4823],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7995,7996],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[46,7999,49],{"id":48},[51,8001,8003],{"className":53,"code":8002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,8004,8005,8019,8033,8047,8065,8075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8006,8007,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8008,143],{"class":142},[60,8010,130],{"class":74},[60,8012,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8014,130],{"class":74},[60,8016,3137],{"class":1402},[60,8018,1042],{"class":74},[60,8020,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8022,143],{"class":142},[60,8024,130],{"class":74},[60,8026,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8028,130],{"class":74},[60,8030,1432],{"class":1402},[60,8032,1042],{"class":74},[60,8034,8035,8037,8039,8041,8043,8045],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8036,143],{"class":142},[60,8038,130],{"class":74},[60,8040,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8042,130],{"class":74},[60,8044,226],{"class":78},[60,8046,1042],{"class":74},[60,8048,8049,8051,8053,8055,8057,8059,8061,8063],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8050,143],{"class":142},[60,8052,130],{"class":74},[60,8054,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8056,130],{"class":74},[60,8058,79],{"class":78},[60,8060,1008],{"class":82},[60,8062,79],{"class":78},[60,8064,1042],{"class":74},[60,8066,8067,8069,8071,8073],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8068,143],{"class":142},[60,8070,130],{"class":74},[60,8072,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8074,5429],{"class":74},[60,8076,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8078,143],{"class":142},[60,8080,130],{"class":74},[60,8082,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8084,2652],{"class":74},[60,8086,1432],{"class":1402},[60,8088,88],{"class":74},[60,8090,1437],{"class":1402},[60,8092,88],{"class":74},[60,8094,1442],{"class":1402},[60,8096,2718],{"class":74},[20,8098,6561],{},[51,8100,8102],{"className":53,"code":8101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,8103,8104,8108,8112,8116,8120,8124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8105,8106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8107,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8109,8110],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8111,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8113,8114],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8115,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8117,8118],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8119,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8121,8122],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8123,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8125,8126],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8127,4983],{"class":1611},[20,8129,171,8130,8133,8134,3894,8136,8138,8139,8141,8142,123],{},[15,8131,8132],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,8135,4616],{},[15,8137,4685],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,8140,4685],{},". Most other values become ",[15,8143,4616],{},[46,8145,8147],{"id":8146},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,8149,8150,8152],{},[15,8151,4823],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,8154,8155],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[33,8157,8158,8162],{},[36,8159,8160],{},[15,8161,4616],{},[36,8163,8164],{},[15,8165,4685],{},[20,8167,8168,8169,8171],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,8170,7996],{}," statements.",[20,8173,8174,8175,8177],{},"You can also call ",[15,8176,4823],{}," with no argument:",[51,8179,8181],{"className":53,"code":8180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool())\n",[15,8182,8183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8184,8185,8187,8189,8191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8186,143],{"class":142},[60,8188,130],{"class":74},[60,8190,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8192,8193],{"class":74},"())\n",[20,8195,153],{},[51,8197,8198],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8199,8200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8201,8202],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8203,5044],{"class":1611},[20,8205,8206,8207,123],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[551,8208,8210],{"href":8209},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[46,8212,8214],{"id":8213},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,8216,392],{},[51,8218,8220],{"className":53,"code":8219,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bool(value)\n",[15,8221,8222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8223,8224,8226,8228,8230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8225,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8227,130],{"class":74},[60,8229,3487],{"class":126},[60,8231,136],{"class":74},[20,8233,2997,8234,8236],{},[15,8235,3487],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[33,8238,8239,8241,8243,8245,8247,8250,8252],{},[36,8240,4659],{},[36,8242,6310],{},[36,8244,6301],{},[36,8246,6304],{},[36,8248,8249],{},"dictionaries",[36,8251,6307],{},[36,8253,8254],{},"other objects",[20,8256,8257,8258,123],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,8259,4685],{},[20,8261,236],{},[51,8263,8265],{"className":53,"code":8264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,8266,8267,8281,8299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8268,8269,8271,8273,8275,8277,8279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8270,143],{"class":142},[60,8272,130],{"class":74},[60,8274,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8276,130],{"class":74},[60,8278,1345],{"class":1402},[60,8280,1042],{"class":74},[60,8282,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293,8295,8297],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8284,143],{"class":142},[60,8286,130],{"class":74},[60,8288,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8290,130],{"class":74},[60,8292,79],{"class":78},[60,8294,83],{"class":82},[60,8296,79],{"class":78},[60,8298,1042],{"class":74},[60,8300,8301,8303,8305,8307],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8302,143],{"class":142},[60,8304,130],{"class":74},[60,8306,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8308,8193],{"class":74},[20,8310,153],{},[51,8312,8314],{"className":53,"code":8313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,8315,8316,8320,8324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8317,8318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8319,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8321,8322],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8323,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8325,8326],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8327,5044],{"class":1611},[46,8329,8331],{"id":8330},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,8333,8334,8335,8337],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[4753,8336,6598],{}," values.",[20,8339,8340],{},"Common examples:",[33,8342,8343,8347,8351,8355,8359,8364,8368,8372],{},[36,8344,8345],{},[15,8346,3137],{},[36,8348,8349],{},[15,8350,4779],{},[36,8352,8353],{},[15,8354,226],{},[36,8356,8357],{},[15,8358,4797],{},[36,8360,8361],{},[15,8362,8363],{},"()",[36,8365,8366],{},[15,8367,4802],{},[36,8369,8370],{},[15,8371,4807],{},[36,8373,8374],{},[15,8375,1585],{},[20,8377,236],{},[51,8379,8381],{"className":53,"code":8380,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,8382,8383,8397,8411,8425,8435,8445,8456,8470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8386,143],{"class":142},[60,8388,130],{"class":74},[60,8390,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8392,130],{"class":74},[60,8394,3137],{"class":1402},[60,8396,1042],{"class":74},[60,8398,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8400,143],{"class":142},[60,8402,130],{"class":74},[60,8404,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8406,130],{"class":74},[60,8408,4779],{"class":1402},[60,8410,1042],{"class":74},[60,8412,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8414,143],{"class":142},[60,8416,130],{"class":74},[60,8418,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8420,130],{"class":74},[60,8422,226],{"class":78},[60,8424,1042],{"class":74},[60,8426,8427,8429,8431,8433],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8428,143],{"class":142},[60,8430,130],{"class":74},[60,8432,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8434,5429],{"class":74},[60,8436,8437,8439,8441,8443],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8438,143],{"class":142},[60,8440,130],{"class":74},[60,8442,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8444,5487],{"class":74},[60,8446,8447,8449,8451,8453],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8448,143],{"class":142},[60,8450,130],{"class":74},[60,8452,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8454,8455],{"class":74},"({}))\n",[60,8457,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,8459,143],{"class":142},[60,8461,130],{"class":74},[60,8463,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8465,130],{"class":74},[60,8467,7285],{"class":1527},[60,8469,7288],{"class":74},[60,8471,8472,8474,8476,8478,8480,8482],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,8473,143],{"class":142},[60,8475,130],{"class":74},[60,8477,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8479,130],{"class":74},[60,8481,1585],{"class":1611},[60,8483,1042],{"class":74},[20,8485,153],{},[51,8487,8489],{"className":53,"code":8488,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,8490,8491,8495,8499,8503,8507,8511,8515,8519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8492,8493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8494,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8496,8497],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8498,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8500,8501],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8502,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8504,8505],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8506,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8508,8509],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8510,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8512,8513],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8514,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8516,8517],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,8518,5044],{"class":1611},[60,8520,8521],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,8522,5044],{"class":1611},[46,8524,8526],{"id":8525},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,8528,8529,8530,8532,8533,8337],{},"Many values become ",[15,8531,4616],{},". These are often called ",[4753,8534,6595],{},[20,8536,8340],{},[33,8538,8539,8542,8545,8548,8551,8554],{},[36,8540,8541],{},"non-zero numbers",[36,8543,8544],{},"non-empty strings",[36,8546,8547],{},"non-empty lists",[36,8549,8550],{},"non-empty tuples",[36,8552,8553],{},"non-empty sets",[36,8555,8556],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,8558,236],{},[51,8560,8562],{"className":53,"code":8561,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,8563,8564,8578,8594,8612,8634,8652],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8565,8566,8568,8570,8572,8574,8576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8567,143],{"class":142},[60,8569,130],{"class":74},[60,8571,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8573,130],{"class":74},[60,8575,3154],{"class":1402},[60,8577,1042],{"class":74},[60,8579,8580,8582,8584,8586,8588,8590,8592],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8581,143],{"class":142},[60,8583,130],{"class":74},[60,8585,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8587,130],{"class":74},[60,8589,929],{"class":70},[60,8591,1925],{"class":1402},[60,8593,1042],{"class":74},[60,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8597,143],{"class":142},[60,8599,130],{"class":74},[60,8601,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8603,130],{"class":74},[60,8605,79],{"class":78},[60,8607,1008],{"class":82},[60,8609,79],{"class":78},[60,8611,1042],{"class":74},[60,8613,8614,8616,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628,8630,8632],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8615,143],{"class":142},[60,8617,130],{"class":74},[60,8619,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8621,2652],{"class":74},[60,8623,1432],{"class":1402},[60,8625,88],{"class":74},[60,8627,1437],{"class":1402},[60,8629,88],{"class":74},[60,8631,1442],{"class":1402},[60,8633,2718],{"class":74},[60,8635,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8637,143],{"class":142},[60,8639,130],{"class":74},[60,8641,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8643,6512],{"class":74},[60,8645,1432],{"class":1402},[60,8647,88],{"class":74},[60,8649,1437],{"class":1402},[60,8651,1992],{"class":74},[60,8653,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8655,143],{"class":142},[60,8657,130],{"class":74},[60,8659,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8661,6531],{"class":74},[60,8663,79],{"class":78},[60,8665,8666],{"class":82},"name",[60,8668,79],{"class":78},[60,8670,3901],{"class":74},[60,8672,91],{"class":78},[60,8674,1781],{"class":82},[60,8676,79],{"class":78},[60,8678,6540],{"class":74},[20,8680,153],{},[51,8682,8684],{"className":53,"code":8683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,8685,8686,8690,8694,8698,8702,8706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8687,8688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8689,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8691,8692],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8693,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8695,8696],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8697,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8699,8700],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8701,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8703,8704],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,8705,4983],{"class":1611},[60,8707,8708],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,8709,4983],{"class":1611},[20,8711,8712],{},"One important example is this:",[51,8714,8716],{"className":53,"code":8715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,8717,8718],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8719,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8721,143],{"class":142},[60,8723,130],{"class":74},[60,8725,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8727,130],{"class":74},[60,8729,79],{"class":78},[60,8731,4685],{"class":82},[60,8733,79],{"class":78},[60,8735,1042],{"class":74},[20,8737,153],{},[51,8739,8740],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8741,8742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8743,8744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8745,4983],{"class":1611},[20,8747,8748,8749,8751,8752,123],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,8750,7678],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,8753,4616],{},[46,8755,8757],{"id":8756},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,8759,8760,8761,8763],{},"You can use ",[15,8762,4823],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[415,8765,8767],{"id":8766},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[51,8769,8771],{"className":53,"code":8770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8772,8773,8794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8774,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785,8787,8789,8792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8776,664],{"class":66},[60,8778,71],{"class":70},[60,8780,75],{"class":74},[60,8782,1345],{"class":1402},[60,8784,88],{"class":74},[60,8786,1407],{"class":1402},[60,8788,88],{"class":74},[60,8790,8791],{"class":1402}," 30",[60,8793,108],{"class":74},[60,8795,8796,8798,8800,8802,8804,8806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8797,143],{"class":142},[60,8799,130],{"class":74},[60,8801,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8803,130],{"class":74},[60,8805,716],{"class":126},[60,8807,1042],{"class":74},[20,8809,153],{},[51,8811,8812],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8813,8814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8815,8816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8817,4983],{"class":1611},[20,8819,8820],{},"With an empty list:",[51,8822,8824],{"className":53,"code":8823,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8825,8826,8835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8827,8828,8830,8832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8829,664],{"class":66},[60,8831,71],{"class":70},[60,8833,8834],{"class":74}," []\n",[60,8836,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8838,143],{"class":142},[60,8840,130],{"class":74},[60,8842,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8844,130],{"class":74},[60,8846,716],{"class":126},[60,8848,1042],{"class":74},[20,8850,153],{},[51,8852,8853],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8854,8855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8856,8857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8858,5044],{"class":1611},[415,8860,8862],{"id":8861},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[51,8864,8866],{"className":53,"code":8865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8867,8868,8878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8869,8870,8873,8875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8871,8872],{"class":66},"name ",[60,8874,71],{"class":70},[60,8876,8877],{"class":78}," \"\"\n",[60,8879,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8881,143],{"class":142},[60,8883,130],{"class":74},[60,8885,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8887,130],{"class":74},[60,8889,8666],{"class":126},[60,8891,1042],{"class":74},[20,8893,153],{},[51,8895,8896],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8897,8898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8899,8900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8901,5044],{"class":1611},[51,8903,8905],{"className":53,"code":8904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8906,8907,8919],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8908,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8910,8872],{"class":66},[60,8912,71],{"class":70},[60,8914,91],{"class":78},[60,8916,1799],{"class":82},[60,8918,2389],{"class":78},[60,8920,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8922,143],{"class":142},[60,8924,130],{"class":74},[60,8926,4875],{"class":1527},[60,8928,130],{"class":74},[60,8930,8666],{"class":126},[60,8932,1042],{"class":74},[20,8934,153],{},[51,8936,8937],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,8938,8939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8940,8941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8942,4983],{"class":1611},[415,8944,8946],{"id":8945},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[51,8948,8950],{"className":53,"code":8949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8951,8952,8966,8983,8987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,8953,8954,8957,8959,8961,8964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,8955,8956],{"class":66},"username ",[60,8958,71],{"class":70},[60,8960,91],{"class":78},[60,8962,8963],{"class":82},"alex",[60,8965,2389],{"class":78},[60,8967,8968,8971,8973,8976,8978,8981],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,8969,8970],{"class":66},"has_name ",[60,8972,71],{"class":70},[60,8974,8975],{"class":1527}," bool",[60,8977,130],{"class":74},[60,8979,8980],{"class":126},"username",[60,8982,136],{"class":74},[60,8984,8985],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,8986,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,8988,8989,8991,8993,8996],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,8990,143],{"class":142},[60,8992,130],{"class":74},[60,8994,8995],{"class":126},"has_name",[60,8997,136],{"class":74},[20,8999,153],{},[51,9001,9002],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9003,9004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9005,9006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9007,4983],{"class":1611},[20,9009,9010,9011,3894,9013,9015],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,9012,4616],{},[15,9014,4685],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[415,9017,9019],{"id":9018},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,9021,9022],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[51,9024,9026],{"className":53,"code":9025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,9027,9028,9048,9052,9060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9029,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040,9042,9044,9046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9031,4629],{"class":66},[60,9033,71],{"class":70},[60,9035,75],{"class":74},[60,9037,1432],{"class":1402},[60,9039,88],{"class":74},[60,9041,1437],{"class":1402},[60,9043,88],{"class":74},[60,9045,1442],{"class":1402},[60,9047,108],{"class":74},[60,9049,9050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9051,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,9053,9054,9056,9058],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,9055,7996],{"class":2665},[60,9057,5264],{"class":66},[60,9059,7392],{"class":74},[60,9061,9062,9065,9067,9069,9072,9074],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,9063,9064],{"class":142},"    print",[60,9066,130],{"class":74},[60,9068,79],{"class":78},[60,9070,9071],{"class":82},"The list is not empty",[60,9073,79],{"class":78},[60,9075,136],{"class":74},[20,9077,153],{},[51,9079,9081],{"className":53,"code":9080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is not empty\n",[15,9082,9083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9084,9085,9087,9090,9092,9095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9086,2997],{"class":66},[60,9088,9089],{"class":1527},"list",[60,9091,2773],{"class":70},[60,9093,9094],{"class":70}," not",[60,9096,9097],{"class":66}," empty\n",[20,9099,9100,9101,123],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[551,9102,9104],{"href":9103},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[46,9106,9108],{"id":9107},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,9110,9111,9112,9114],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,9113,4823],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,9116,9117],{},"It does not do that.",[415,9119,9121,3412,9124],{"id":9120},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,9122,9123],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,9125,4616],{},[51,9127,9128],{"className":53,"code":8715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9129,9130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9131,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9133,143],{"class":142},[60,9135,130],{"class":74},[60,9137,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9139,130],{"class":74},[60,9141,79],{"class":78},[60,9143,4685],{"class":82},[60,9145,79],{"class":78},[60,9147,1042],{"class":74},[20,9149,153],{},[51,9151,9152],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9153,9154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9155,9156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9157,4983],{"class":1611},[415,9159,9161,3412,9164],{"id":9160},"bool0-returns-true",[15,9162,9163],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,9165,4616],{},[51,9167,9169],{"className":53,"code":9168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,9170,9171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9172,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9174,143],{"class":142},[60,9176,130],{"class":74},[60,9178,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9180,130],{"class":74},[60,9182,79],{"class":78},[60,9184,3137],{"class":82},[60,9186,79],{"class":78},[60,9188,1042],{"class":74},[20,9190,153],{},[51,9192,9193],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9194,9195],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9196,9197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9198,4983],{"class":1611},[20,9200,9201,9202,123],{},"This happens because both values are ",[4753,9203,8544],{},[20,9205,9206,9208],{},[15,9207,4823],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,9210,9211,9212,9217,9218,9220],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[551,9213,9215],{"href":9214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,9216,3974],{},", because ",[15,9219,3974],{}," always returns a string.",[20,9222,236],{},[51,9224,9226],{"className":53,"code":9225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,9227,9228,9249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9229,9230,9233,9235,9238,9240,9242,9245,9247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9231,9232],{"class":66},"user_value ",[60,9234,71],{"class":70},[60,9236,9237],{"class":142}," input",[60,9239,130],{"class":74},[60,9241,79],{"class":78},[60,9243,9244],{"class":82},"Enter True or False: ",[60,9246,79],{"class":78},[60,9248,136],{"class":74},[60,9250,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9262],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9252,143],{"class":142},[60,9254,130],{"class":74},[60,9256,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9258,130],{"class":74},[60,9260,9261],{"class":126},"user_value",[60,9263,1042],{"class":74},[20,9265,9266,9267,9269,9270,9217,9272,9274],{},"If the user types ",[15,9268,4685],{},", the result will still be ",[15,9271,4616],{},[15,9273,7678],{}," is not empty.",[46,9276,9278],{"id":9277},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,9280,9281,9282,9284,9285,9287],{},"In many ",[15,9283,7996],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,9286,4823],{}," yourself.",[20,9289,9290],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,9292,9293],{},"Instead of this:",[51,9295,9297],{"className":53,"code":9296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9298,9299,9320,9324,9338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9300,9301,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9302,9303],{"class":66},"my_list ",[60,9305,71],{"class":70},[60,9307,75],{"class":74},[60,9309,1432],{"class":1402},[60,9311,88],{"class":74},[60,9313,1437],{"class":1402},[60,9315,88],{"class":74},[60,9317,1442],{"class":1402},[60,9319,108],{"class":74},[60,9321,9322],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9323,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,9325,9326,9328,9330,9332,9335],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,9327,7996],{"class":2665},[60,9329,8975],{"class":1527},[60,9331,130],{"class":74},[60,9333,9334],{"class":126},"my_list",[60,9336,9337],{"class":74},"):\n",[60,9339,9340,9342,9344,9346,9349,9351],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,9341,9064],{"class":142},[60,9343,130],{"class":74},[60,9345,79],{"class":78},[60,9347,9348],{"class":82},"List has items",[60,9350,79],{"class":78},[60,9352,136],{"class":74},[20,9354,9355],{},"You can simply write:",[51,9357,9359],{"className":53,"code":9358,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,9360,9361,9381,9385,9394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9362,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9364,9303],{"class":66},[60,9366,71],{"class":70},[60,9368,75],{"class":74},[60,9370,1432],{"class":1402},[60,9372,88],{"class":74},[60,9374,1437],{"class":1402},[60,9376,88],{"class":74},[60,9378,1442],{"class":1402},[60,9380,108],{"class":74},[60,9382,9383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9384,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,9386,9387,9389,9392],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,9388,7996],{"class":2665},[60,9390,9391],{"class":66}," my_list",[60,9393,7392],{"class":74},[60,9395,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,9397,9064],{"class":142},[60,9399,130],{"class":74},[60,9401,79],{"class":78},[60,9403,9348],{"class":82},[60,9405,79],{"class":78},[60,9407,136],{"class":74},[20,9409,9410],{},"Both examples work.",[20,9412,9413,9414,9416],{},"Using ",[15,9415,4823],{}," is still helpful when:",[33,9418,9419,9422,9430],{},[36,9420,9421],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[36,9423,9424,9425,3894,9427,9429],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,9426,4616],{},[15,9428,4685],{}," value",[36,9431,9432],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,9434,9435,9436,123],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[551,9437,9438],{"href":3314},"Python type() function explained",[46,9440,3845],{"id":3844},[20,9442,9443,9444,123],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,9445,4823],{},[415,9447,9449,9450,9452,9453],{"id":9448},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,9451,9123],{}," to return ",[15,9454,4685],{},[20,9456,9457],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[51,9459,9460],{"className":53,"code":8715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9461,9462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9463,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474,9476,9478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9465,143],{"class":142},[60,9467,130],{"class":74},[60,9469,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9471,130],{"class":74},[60,9473,79],{"class":78},[60,9475,4685],{"class":82},[60,9477,79],{"class":78},[60,9479,1042],{"class":74},[20,9481,153],{},[51,9483,9484],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9485,9486],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9487,9488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9489,4983],{"class":1611},[20,9491,9492,9493,7679],{},"Why? Because ",[15,9494,7678],{},[20,9496,9497],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[51,9499,9501],{"className":53,"code":9500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,9502,9503,9515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9504,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9506,3462],{"class":66},[60,9508,71],{"class":70},[60,9510,91],{"class":78},[60,9512,4685],{"class":82},[60,9514,2389],{"class":78},[60,9516,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527,9529,9531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9518,143],{"class":142},[60,9520,130],{"class":74},[60,9522,3462],{"class":126},[60,9524,5690],{"class":70},[60,9526,91],{"class":78},[60,9528,4616],{"class":82},[60,9530,79],{"class":78},[60,9532,136],{"class":74},[20,9534,153],{},[51,9536,9537],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,9538,9539],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9540,9541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9542,5044],{"class":1611},[415,9544,9546],{"id":9545},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,9548,9549,9551],{},[15,9550,3974],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[51,9553,9555],{"className":53,"code":9554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9556,9557,9576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9558,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9572,9574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9560,3462],{"class":66},[60,9562,71],{"class":70},[60,9564,9237],{"class":142},[60,9566,130],{"class":74},[60,9568,79],{"class":78},[60,9570,9571],{"class":82},"Enter yes or no: ",[60,9573,79],{"class":78},[60,9575,136],{"class":74},[60,9577,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9579,143],{"class":142},[60,9581,130],{"class":74},[60,9583,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9585,130],{"class":74},[60,9587,3487],{"class":126},[60,9589,1042],{"class":74},[20,9591,9266,9592,9595,9596,9598,9599,9274],{},[15,9593,9594],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,9597,4616],{}," because ",[15,9600,9601],{},"\"no\"",[20,9603,9604],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[51,9606,9608],{"className":53,"code":9607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,9609,9610,9641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9611,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9629,9632,9635,9638],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9613,3462],{"class":66},[60,9615,71],{"class":70},[60,9617,9237],{"class":142},[60,9619,130],{"class":74},[60,9621,79],{"class":78},[60,9623,9571],{"class":82},[60,9625,79],{"class":78},[60,9627,9628],{"class":74},").",[60,9630,9631],{"class":126},"strip",[60,9633,9634],{"class":74},"().",[60,9636,9637],{"class":126},"lower",[60,9639,9640],{"class":74},"()\n",[60,9642,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9656,9658],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9644,143],{"class":142},[60,9646,130],{"class":74},[60,9648,3462],{"class":126},[60,9650,5690],{"class":70},[60,9652,91],{"class":78},[60,9654,9655],{"class":82},"yes",[60,9657,79],{"class":78},[60,9659,136],{"class":74},[20,9661,9662,9663,9665,9666,123],{},"This gives ",[15,9664,4616],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,9667,9655],{},[415,9669,9671],{"id":9670},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,9673,9674],{},"These are different:",[33,9676,9677,9681,9685,9689,9693],{},[36,9678,9679],{},[15,9680,4685],{},[36,9682,9683],{},[15,9684,3137],{},[36,9686,9687],{},[15,9688,226],{},[36,9690,9691],{},[15,9692,4797],{},[36,9694,9695],{},[15,9696,1585],{},[20,9698,9699,9700,9702,9703,9705],{},"They all become ",[15,9701,4685],{}," with ",[15,9704,4823],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,9707,9708],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[51,9710,9712],{"className":53,"code":9711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,9713,9714,9722,9736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9715,9716,9718,9720],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9717,3462],{"class":66},[60,9719,71],{"class":70},[60,9721,8834],{"class":74},[60,9723,9724,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9725,143],{"class":142},[60,9727,130],{"class":74},[60,9729,2629],{"class":1527},[60,9731,130],{"class":74},[60,9733,3487],{"class":126},[60,9735,1042],{"class":74},[60,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,9739,143],{"class":142},[60,9741,130],{"class":74},[60,9743,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9745,130],{"class":74},[60,9747,3487],{"class":126},[60,9749,1042],{"class":74},[20,9751,153],{},[51,9753,9755],{"className":53,"code":9754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,9756,9757,9771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9758,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9760,4304],{"class":70},[60,9762,4307],{"class":3082},[60,9764,365],{"class":78},[60,9766,9089],{"class":82},[60,9768,356],{"class":78},[60,9770,4316],{"class":70},[60,9772,9773],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9774,5044],{"class":1611},[415,9776,9413,9778,9780],{"id":9777},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9779,4802],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9782,9783,9784,9786],{},"In Python, ",[15,9785,4802],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[51,9788,9790],{"className":53,"code":9789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9791,9792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9793,9794,9796,9798,9800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9795,143],{"class":142},[60,9797,130],{"class":74},[60,9799,2629],{"class":1527},[60,9801,8455],{"class":74},[20,9803,153],{},[51,9805,9807],{"className":53,"code":9806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9808,9809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9810,9811,9813,9815,9817,9820,9822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9812,4304],{"class":70},[60,9814,4307],{"class":3082},[60,9816,365],{"class":78},[60,9818,9819],{"class":82},"dict",[60,9821,356],{"class":78},[60,9823,4316],{"class":70},[20,9825,9826],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[51,9828,9830],{"className":53,"code":9829,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9831,9832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9833,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9835,143],{"class":142},[60,9837,130],{"class":74},[60,9839,2629],{"class":1527},[60,9841,130],{"class":74},[60,9843,7285],{"class":1527},[60,9845,7288],{"class":74},[20,9847,153],{},[51,9849,9851],{"className":53,"code":9850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9852,9853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9854,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9856,4304],{"class":70},[60,9858,4307],{"class":3082},[60,9860,365],{"class":78},[60,9862,7285],{"class":82},[60,9864,356],{"class":78},[60,9866,4316],{"class":70},[46,9868,9870],{"id":9869},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9872,2580,9873,9875],{},[15,9874,4823],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[51,9877,9879],{"className":53,"code":9878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9880,9881,9895,9909,9919,9937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,9882,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,9884,143],{"class":142},[60,9886,130],{"class":74},[60,9888,4875],{"class":1527},[60,9890,130],{"class":74},[60,9892,3487],{"class":126},[60,9894,1042],{"class":74},[60,9896,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,9898,143],{"class":142},[60,9900,130],{"class":74},[60,9902,2629],{"class":1527},[60,9904,130],{"class":74},[60,9906,3487],{"class":126},[60,9908,1042],{"class":74},[60,9910,9911,9913,9915,9917],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,9912,143],{"class":142},[60,9914,130],{"class":74},[60,9916,3487],{"class":126},[60,9918,136],{"class":74},[60,9920,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,9922,143],{"class":142},[60,9924,130],{"class":74},[60,9926,3462],{"class":126},[60,9928,5690],{"class":70},[60,9930,91],{"class":78},[60,9932,4616],{"class":82},[60,9934,79],{"class":78},[60,9936,136],{"class":74},[60,9938,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,9940,143],{"class":142},[60,9942,130],{"class":74},[60,9944,3487],{"class":126},[60,9946,123],{"class":74},[60,9948,9631],{"class":126},[60,9950,9634],{"class":74},[60,9952,9637],{"class":126},[60,9954,8193],{"class":74},[20,9956,9957],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[33,9959,9960,9963,9966,9969],{},[36,9961,9962],{},"what the value really is",[36,9964,9965],{},"whether it is a string",[36,9967,9968],{},"whether it contains spaces",[36,9970,9971],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9973,9974,9975,123],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[551,9976,9978],{"href":9977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[46,9980,2804],{"id":2803},[415,9982,9984],{"id":9983},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9986,9987,9988,3894,9990,123],{},"It returns either ",[15,9989,4616],{},[15,9991,4685],{},[415,9993,9995],{"id":9994},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9997,6148,9998,123],{},[15,9999,4685],{},[415,10001,10003],{"id":10002},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,10005,10006,10007,123],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,10008,4616],{},[415,10010,10012],{"id":10011},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,10014,10015,10016,123],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,10017,4685],{},[415,10019,10021],{"id":10020},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,10023,10024,10025,3894,10027,4747],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,10026,4616],{},[15,10028,4685],{},[46,10030,2870],{"id":2869},[33,10032,10033,10038,10042,10047,10051,10056],{},[36,10034,10035],{},[551,10036,10037],{"href":6779},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[36,10039,10040],{},[551,10041,9104],{"href":9103},[36,10043,10044],{},[551,10045,10046],{"href":9214},"Python input() function explained",[36,10048,10049],{},[551,10050,9438],{"href":3314},[36,10052,10053],{},[551,10054,10055],{"href":9977},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[36,10057,10058],{},[551,10059,10060],{"href":8209},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2912,10062,10063],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":10065},[10066,10067,10068,10069,10070,10071,10077,10083,10084,10092,10093,10100],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":8146,"depth":111,"text":8147},{"id":8213,"depth":111,"text":8214},{"id":8330,"depth":111,"text":8331},{"id":8525,"depth":111,"text":8526},{"id":8756,"depth":111,"text":8757,"children":10072},[10073,10074,10075,10076],{"id":8766,"depth":139,"text":8767},{"id":8861,"depth":139,"text":8862},{"id":8945,"depth":139,"text":8946},{"id":9018,"depth":139,"text":9019},{"id":9107,"depth":111,"text":9108,"children":10078},[10079,10081],{"id":9120,"depth":139,"text":10080},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":9160,"depth":139,"text":10082},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":9277,"depth":111,"text":9278},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":10085},[10086,10088,10089,10090],{"id":9448,"depth":139,"text":10087},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":9545,"depth":139,"text":9546},{"id":9670,"depth":139,"text":9671},{"id":9777,"depth":139,"text":10091},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9869,"depth":111,"text":9870},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":10094},[10095,10096,10097,10098,10099],{"id":9983,"depth":139,"text":9984},{"id":9994,"depth":139,"text":9995},{"id":10002,"depth":139,"text":10003},{"id":10011,"depth":139,"text":10012},{"id":10020,"depth":139,"text":10021},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7973,"description":10101},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":10108,"title":10109,"body":10110,"description":12300,"extension":2980,"meta":12301,"navigation":304,"path":12302,"seo":12303,"stem":12304,"__hash__":12305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":10111,"toc":12262},[10112,10118,10124,10131,10136,10147,10154,10262,10266,10335,10340,10345,10350,10353,10364,10369,10372,10383,10390,10392,10397,10401,10426,10430,10439,10443,10506,10510,10543,10547,10592,10596,10633,10637,10640,10696,10700,10745,10748,10753,10792,10796,10819,10822,10836,10849,10853,10858,10925,10929,10965,10968,10976,10979,11043,11047,11079,11085,11087,11147,11154,11157,11235,11239,11272,11276,11279,11323,11327,11363,11366,11383,11386,11389,11442,11445,11456,11463,11472,11475,11533,11537,11578,11586,11593,11599,11607,11619,11624,11635,11708,11711,11723,11738,11742,11747,11751,11753,11796,11802,11804,11867,11871,11874,11883,11888,11925,11929,11932,11940,11943,11982,11986,11989,12040,12044,12065,12072,12074,12080,12106,12109,12164,12167,12178,12180,12187,12195,12201,12206,12213,12216,12223,12230,12232,12259],[10,10113,163,10115,4591],{"id":10114},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,10116,10117],{},"dict()",[20,10119,10120,10121,10123],{},"The built-in ",[15,10122,10117],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,10125,10126,10127,10130],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[4753,10128,10129],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,10132,10133,10135],{},[15,10134,10117],{}," is commonly used to:",[33,10137,10138,10141,10144],{},[36,10139,10140],{},"create an empty dictionary",[36,10142,10143],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,10145,10146],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10148,10149,10150,123],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[551,10151,10153],{"href":10152},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[51,10155,10157],{"className":53,"code":10156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,10158,10159,10194,10205,10209,10247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10160,10161,10164,10166,10169,10171,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10187,10189,10192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10162,10163],{"class":66},"data ",[60,10165,71],{"class":70},[60,10167,10168],{"class":1527}," dict",[60,10170,130],{"class":74},[60,10172,8666],{"class":10173},"s99_P",[60,10175,71],{"class":70},[60,10177,356],{"class":78},[60,10179,6005],{"class":82},[60,10181,356],{"class":78},[60,10183,88],{"class":74},[60,10185,10186],{"class":10173}," age",[60,10188,71],{"class":70},[60,10190,10191],{"class":1402},"25",[60,10193,136],{"class":74},[60,10195,10196,10198,10200,10203],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10197,143],{"class":142},[60,10199,130],{"class":74},[60,10201,10202],{"class":126},"data",[60,10204,136],{"class":74},[60,10206,10207],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,10208,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,10210,10211,10214,10216,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,10212,10213],{"class":66},"pairs ",[60,10215,71],{"class":70},[60,10217,10218],{"class":74}," [(",[60,10220,356],{"class":78},[60,10222,551],{"class":82},[60,10224,356],{"class":78},[60,10226,88],{"class":74},[60,10228,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10230,10231],{"class":74},"),",[60,10233,1776],{"class":74},[60,10235,356],{"class":78},[60,10237,2258],{"class":82},[60,10239,356],{"class":78},[60,10241,88],{"class":74},[60,10243,1437],{"class":1402},[60,10245,10246],{"class":74},")]\n",[60,10248,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10260],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,10250,143],{"class":142},[60,10252,130],{"class":74},[60,10254,9819],{"class":1527},[60,10256,130],{"class":74},[60,10258,10259],{"class":126},"pairs",[60,10261,1042],{"class":74},[20,10263,10264],{},[4753,10265,153],{},[51,10267,10269],{"className":53,"code":10268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10270,10271,10307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10272,10273,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10297,10299,10301,10304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10274,10275],{"class":74},"{",[60,10277,356],{"class":78},[60,10279,8666],{"class":82},[60,10281,356],{"class":78},[60,10283,3901],{"class":74},[60,10285,365],{"class":78},[60,10287,6005],{"class":82},[60,10289,356],{"class":78},[60,10291,88],{"class":74},[60,10293,365],{"class":78},[60,10295,10296],{"class":82},"age",[60,10298,356],{"class":78},[60,10300,3901],{"class":74},[60,10302,10303],{"class":1402}," 25",[60,10305,10306],{"class":74},"}\n",[60,10308,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10310,10275],{"class":74},[60,10312,356],{"class":78},[60,10314,551],{"class":82},[60,10316,356],{"class":78},[60,10318,3901],{"class":74},[60,10320,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10322,88],{"class":74},[60,10324,365],{"class":78},[60,10326,2258],{"class":82},[60,10328,356],{"class":78},[60,10330,3901],{"class":74},[60,10332,1437],{"class":1402},[60,10334,10306],{"class":74},[20,10336,171,10337,10339],{},[15,10338,10117],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[46,10341,178,10343,181],{"id":10342},"what-dict-does",[15,10344,10117],{},[20,10346,10347,10349],{},[15,10348,10117],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,10351,10352],{},"A dictionary:",[33,10354,10355,10358,10361],{},[36,10356,10357],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[36,10359,10360],{},"lets you look up values by key",[36,10362,10363],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,10365,10366,10368],{},[15,10367,10117],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,10370,10371],{},"Common uses include:",[33,10373,10374,10377,10380],{},[36,10375,10376],{},"making an empty dictionary",[36,10378,10379],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[36,10381,10382],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,10384,10385,10386,123],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[551,10387,10389],{"href":10388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[46,10391,389],{"id":388},[20,10393,10394,10396],{},[15,10395,10117],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[415,10398,10400],{"id":10399},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[51,10402,10404],{"className":53,"code":10403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,10405,10406,10416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10407,10408,10410,10412,10414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10409,10163],{"class":66},[60,10411,71],{"class":70},[60,10413,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10415,9640],{"class":74},[60,10417,10418,10420,10422,10424],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10419,143],{"class":142},[60,10421,130],{"class":74},[60,10423,10202],{"class":126},[60,10425,136],{"class":74},[20,10427,10428],{},[4753,10429,153],{},[51,10431,10433],{"className":53,"code":10432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n",[15,10434,10435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10436,10437],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10438,10432],{"class":74},[415,10440,10442],{"id":10441},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[51,10444,10446],{"className":53,"code":10445,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10447,10448,10482,10496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10449,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10451,10213],{"class":66},[60,10453,71],{"class":70},[60,10455,10218],{"class":74},[60,10457,356],{"class":78},[60,10459,551],{"class":82},[60,10461,356],{"class":78},[60,10463,88],{"class":74},[60,10465,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10467,10231],{"class":74},[60,10469,1776],{"class":74},[60,10471,356],{"class":78},[60,10473,2258],{"class":82},[60,10475,356],{"class":78},[60,10477,88],{"class":74},[60,10479,1437],{"class":1402},[60,10481,10246],{"class":74},[60,10483,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10485,10163],{"class":66},[60,10487,71],{"class":70},[60,10489,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10491,130],{"class":74},[60,10493,10259],{"class":126},[60,10495,136],{"class":74},[60,10497,10498,10500,10502,10504],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,10499,143],{"class":142},[60,10501,130],{"class":74},[60,10503,10202],{"class":126},[60,10505,136],{"class":74},[20,10507,10508],{},[4753,10509,153],{},[51,10511,10513],{"className":53,"code":10512,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10514,10515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10516,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10518,10275],{"class":74},[60,10520,356],{"class":78},[60,10522,551],{"class":82},[60,10524,356],{"class":78},[60,10526,3901],{"class":74},[60,10528,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10530,88],{"class":74},[60,10532,365],{"class":78},[60,10534,2258],{"class":82},[60,10536,356],{"class":78},[60,10538,3901],{"class":74},[60,10540,1437],{"class":1402},[60,10542,10306],{"class":74},[415,10544,10546],{"id":10545},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[51,10548,10550],{"className":53,"code":10549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10551,10552,10582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10553,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10555,10163],{"class":66},[60,10557,71],{"class":70},[60,10559,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10561,130],{"class":74},[60,10563,8666],{"class":10173},[60,10565,71],{"class":70},[60,10567,356],{"class":78},[60,10569,6005],{"class":82},[60,10571,356],{"class":78},[60,10573,88],{"class":74},[60,10575,10186],{"class":10173},[60,10577,71],{"class":70},[60,10579,10191],{"class":1402},[60,10581,136],{"class":74},[60,10583,10584,10586,10588,10590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10585,143],{"class":142},[60,10587,130],{"class":74},[60,10589,10202],{"class":126},[60,10591,136],{"class":74},[20,10593,10594],{},[4753,10595,153],{},[51,10597,10599],{"className":53,"code":10598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,10600,10601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10602,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10604,10275],{"class":74},[60,10606,356],{"class":78},[60,10608,8666],{"class":82},[60,10610,356],{"class":78},[60,10612,3901],{"class":74},[60,10614,365],{"class":78},[60,10616,6005],{"class":82},[60,10618,356],{"class":78},[60,10620,88],{"class":74},[60,10622,365],{"class":78},[60,10624,10296],{"class":82},[60,10626,356],{"class":78},[60,10628,3901],{"class":74},[60,10630,10303],{"class":1402},[60,10632,10306],{"class":74},[415,10634,10636],{"id":10635},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,10638,10639],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[51,10641,10643],{"className":53,"code":10642,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10644,10645,10686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10646,10647,10649,10651,10653,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10680,10682,10684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10648,10163],{"class":66},[60,10650,71],{"class":70},[60,10652,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10654,10655],{"class":74},"([(",[60,10657,356],{"class":78},[60,10659,551],{"class":82},[60,10661,356],{"class":78},[60,10663,88],{"class":74},[60,10665,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10667,10668],{"class":74},")],",[60,10670,3574],{"class":10173},[60,10672,71],{"class":70},[60,10674,1925],{"class":1402},[60,10676,88],{"class":74},[60,10678,10679],{"class":10173}," c",[60,10681,71],{"class":70},[60,10683,3079],{"class":1402},[60,10685,136],{"class":74},[60,10687,10688,10690,10692,10694],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10689,143],{"class":142},[60,10691,130],{"class":74},[60,10693,10202],{"class":126},[60,10695,136],{"class":74},[20,10697,10698],{},[4753,10699,153],{},[51,10701,10703],{"className":53,"code":10702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,10704,10705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10706,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737,10739,10741,10743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10708,10275],{"class":74},[60,10710,356],{"class":78},[60,10712,551],{"class":82},[60,10714,356],{"class":78},[60,10716,3901],{"class":74},[60,10718,6499],{"class":1402},[60,10720,88],{"class":74},[60,10722,365],{"class":78},[60,10724,2258],{"class":82},[60,10726,356],{"class":78},[60,10728,3901],{"class":74},[60,10730,1437],{"class":1402},[60,10732,88],{"class":74},[60,10734,365],{"class":78},[60,10736,1895],{"class":82},[60,10738,356],{"class":78},[60,10740,3901],{"class":74},[60,10742,1442],{"class":1402},[60,10744,10306],{"class":74},[46,10746,10400],{"id":10747},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,10749,171,10750,10752],{},[15,10751,10117],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[51,10754,10756],{"className":53,"code":10755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,10757,10758,10768,10782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10759,10760,10762,10764,10766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10761,10163],{"class":66},[60,10763,71],{"class":70},[60,10765,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10767,9640],{"class":74},[60,10769,10770,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10771,143],{"class":142},[60,10773,130],{"class":74},[60,10775,2629],{"class":1527},[60,10777,130],{"class":74},[60,10779,10202],{"class":126},[60,10781,1042],{"class":74},[60,10783,10784,10786,10788,10790],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,10785,143],{"class":142},[60,10787,130],{"class":74},[60,10789,10202],{"class":126},[60,10791,136],{"class":74},[20,10793,10794],{},[4753,10795,153],{},[51,10797,10799],{"className":53,"code":10798,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10800,10801,10815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10802,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10804,4304],{"class":70},[60,10806,4307],{"class":3082},[60,10808,365],{"class":78},[60,10810,9819],{"class":82},[60,10812,356],{"class":78},[60,10814,4316],{"class":70},[60,10816,10817],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10818,10432],{"class":74},[20,10820,10821],{},"This gives the same result as:",[51,10823,10825],{"className":53,"code":10824,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n",[15,10826,10827],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10828,10829,10831,10833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10830,10163],{"class":66},[60,10832,71],{"class":70},[60,10834,10835],{"class":74}," {}\n",[20,10837,10838,10839,10841,10842,10845,10846,10848],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10840,4802],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10843,10844],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10847,10117],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[46,10850,10852],{"id":10851},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10854,10855,10856,123],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10857,10117],{},[51,10859,10861],{"className":53,"code":10860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10862,10863,10901,10915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10864,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891,10893,10895,10897,10899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10866,10213],{"class":66},[60,10868,71],{"class":70},[60,10870,10218],{"class":74},[60,10872,356],{"class":78},[60,10874,8666],{"class":82},[60,10876,356],{"class":78},[60,10878,88],{"class":74},[60,10880,365],{"class":78},[60,10882,6005],{"class":82},[60,10884,356],{"class":78},[60,10886,10231],{"class":74},[60,10888,1776],{"class":74},[60,10890,356],{"class":78},[60,10892,10296],{"class":82},[60,10894,356],{"class":78},[60,10896,88],{"class":74},[60,10898,10303],{"class":1402},[60,10900,10246],{"class":74},[60,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,10904,10163],{"class":66},[60,10906,71],{"class":70},[60,10908,10168],{"class":1527},[60,10910,130],{"class":74},[60,10912,10259],{"class":126},[60,10914,136],{"class":74},[60,10916,10917,10919,10921,10923],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,10918,143],{"class":142},[60,10920,130],{"class":74},[60,10922,10202],{"class":126},[60,10924,136],{"class":74},[20,10926,10927],{},[4753,10928,153],{},[51,10930,10931],{"className":53,"code":10598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,10932,10933],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10934,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10936,10275],{"class":74},[60,10938,356],{"class":78},[60,10940,8666],{"class":82},[60,10942,356],{"class":78},[60,10944,3901],{"class":74},[60,10946,365],{"class":78},[60,10948,6005],{"class":82},[60,10950,356],{"class":78},[60,10952,88],{"class":74},[60,10954,365],{"class":78},[60,10956,10296],{"class":82},[60,10958,356],{"class":78},[60,10960,3901],{"class":74},[60,10962,10303],{"class":1402},[60,10964,10306],{"class":74},[20,10966,10967],{},"Each pair becomes:",[33,10969,10970,10973],{},[36,10971,10972],{},"the first item as the key",[36,10974,10975],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10977,10978],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[51,10980,10982],{"className":53,"code":10981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10983,10984,11019,11033],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,10985,10986,10988,10990,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,10987,10213],{"class":66},[60,10989,71],{"class":70},[60,10991,10992],{"class":74}," ((",[60,10994,356],{"class":78},[60,10996,551],{"class":82},[60,10998,356],{"class":78},[60,11000,88],{"class":74},[60,11002,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11004,10231],{"class":74},[60,11006,1776],{"class":74},[60,11008,356],{"class":78},[60,11010,2258],{"class":82},[60,11012,356],{"class":78},[60,11014,88],{"class":74},[60,11016,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11018,1042],{"class":74},[60,11020,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11022,10163],{"class":66},[60,11024,71],{"class":70},[60,11026,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11028,130],{"class":74},[60,11030,10259],{"class":126},[60,11032,136],{"class":74},[60,11034,11035,11037,11039,11041],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,11036,143],{"class":142},[60,11038,130],{"class":74},[60,11040,10202],{"class":126},[60,11042,136],{"class":74},[20,11044,11045],{},[4753,11046,153],{},[51,11048,11049],{"className":53,"code":10512,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11050,11051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11052,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11054,10275],{"class":74},[60,11056,356],{"class":78},[60,11058,551],{"class":82},[60,11060,356],{"class":78},[60,11062,3901],{"class":74},[60,11064,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11066,88],{"class":74},[60,11068,365],{"class":78},[60,11070,2258],{"class":82},[60,11072,356],{"class":78},[60,11074,3901],{"class":74},[60,11076,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11078,10306],{"class":74},[20,11080,11081,11082,123],{},"Each item must contain ",[4753,11083,11084],{},"exactly two elements",[20,11086,3852],{},[51,11088,11090],{"className":53,"code":11089,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,11091,11092,11132],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11093,11094,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11095,11096],{"class":66},"bad_data ",[60,11098,71],{"class":70},[60,11100,10218],{"class":74},[60,11102,356],{"class":78},[60,11104,551],{"class":82},[60,11106,356],{"class":78},[60,11108,88],{"class":74},[60,11110,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11112,88],{"class":74},[60,11114,11115],{"class":1402}," 100",[60,11117,10231],{"class":74},[60,11119,1776],{"class":74},[60,11121,356],{"class":78},[60,11123,2258],{"class":82},[60,11125,356],{"class":78},[60,11127,88],{"class":74},[60,11129,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11131,10246],{"class":74},[60,11133,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11145],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11135,114],{"class":66},[60,11137,71],{"class":70},[60,11139,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11141,130],{"class":74},[60,11143,11144],{"class":126},"bad_data",[60,11146,136],{"class":74},[20,11148,11149,11150,11153],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,11151,11152],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,11155,11156],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[51,11158,11160],{"className":53,"code":11159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11161,11162,11211,11225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11163,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11165,10213],{"class":66},[60,11167,71],{"class":70},[60,11169,10218],{"class":74},[60,11171,356],{"class":78},[60,11173,551],{"class":82},[60,11175,356],{"class":78},[60,11177,88],{"class":74},[60,11179,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11181,10231],{"class":74},[60,11183,1776],{"class":74},[60,11185,356],{"class":78},[60,11187,551],{"class":82},[60,11189,356],{"class":78},[60,11191,88],{"class":74},[60,11193,11194],{"class":1402}," 99",[60,11196,10231],{"class":74},[60,11198,1776],{"class":74},[60,11200,356],{"class":78},[60,11202,2258],{"class":82},[60,11204,356],{"class":78},[60,11206,88],{"class":74},[60,11208,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11210,10246],{"class":74},[60,11212,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11214,10163],{"class":66},[60,11216,71],{"class":70},[60,11218,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11220,130],{"class":74},[60,11222,10259],{"class":126},[60,11224,136],{"class":74},[60,11226,11227,11229,11231,11233],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,11228,143],{"class":142},[60,11230,130],{"class":74},[60,11232,10202],{"class":126},[60,11234,136],{"class":74},[20,11236,11237],{},[4753,11238,153],{},[51,11240,11242],{"className":53,"code":11241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,11243,11244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11245,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11247,10275],{"class":74},[60,11249,356],{"class":78},[60,11251,551],{"class":82},[60,11253,356],{"class":78},[60,11255,3901],{"class":74},[60,11257,11194],{"class":1402},[60,11259,88],{"class":74},[60,11261,365],{"class":78},[60,11263,2258],{"class":82},[60,11265,356],{"class":78},[60,11267,3901],{"class":74},[60,11269,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11271,10306],{"class":74},[46,11273,11275],{"id":11274},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,11277,11278],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[51,11280,11281],{"className":53,"code":10549,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11282,11283,11313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11284,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297,11299,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11286,10163],{"class":66},[60,11288,71],{"class":70},[60,11290,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11292,130],{"class":74},[60,11294,8666],{"class":10173},[60,11296,71],{"class":70},[60,11298,356],{"class":78},[60,11300,6005],{"class":82},[60,11302,356],{"class":78},[60,11304,88],{"class":74},[60,11306,10186],{"class":10173},[60,11308,71],{"class":70},[60,11310,10191],{"class":1402},[60,11312,136],{"class":74},[60,11314,11315,11317,11319,11321],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11316,143],{"class":142},[60,11318,130],{"class":74},[60,11320,10202],{"class":126},[60,11322,136],{"class":74},[20,11324,11325],{},[4753,11326,153],{},[51,11328,11329],{"className":53,"code":10598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11330,11331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11332,11333,11335,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11334,10275],{"class":74},[60,11336,356],{"class":78},[60,11338,8666],{"class":82},[60,11340,356],{"class":78},[60,11342,3901],{"class":74},[60,11344,365],{"class":78},[60,11346,6005],{"class":82},[60,11348,356],{"class":78},[60,11350,88],{"class":74},[60,11352,365],{"class":78},[60,11354,10296],{"class":82},[60,11356,356],{"class":78},[60,11358,3901],{"class":74},[60,11360,10303],{"class":1402},[60,11362,10306],{"class":74},[20,11364,11365],{},"In this form:",[33,11367,11368,11376],{},[36,11369,11370,11372,11373],{},[15,11371,8666],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,11374,11375],{},"'name'",[36,11377,11378,11372,11380],{},[15,11379,10296],{},[15,11381,11382],{},"'age'",[20,11384,11385],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,11387,11388],{},"Valid examples:",[51,11390,11392],{"className":53,"code":11391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11393,11394,11432],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11395,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11407,11409,11411,11414,11416,11418,11421,11423,11425,11428,11430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11397,10163],{"class":66},[60,11399,71],{"class":70},[60,11401,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11403,130],{"class":74},[60,11405,11406],{"class":10173},"city",[60,11408,71],{"class":70},[60,11410,356],{"class":78},[60,11412,11413],{"class":82},"Paris",[60,11415,356],{"class":78},[60,11417,88],{"class":74},[60,11419,11420],{"class":10173}," country",[60,11422,71],{"class":70},[60,11424,356],{"class":78},[60,11426,11427],{"class":82},"France",[60,11429,356],{"class":78},[60,11431,136],{"class":74},[60,11433,11434,11436,11438,11440],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11435,143],{"class":142},[60,11437,130],{"class":74},[60,11439,10202],{"class":126},[60,11441,136],{"class":74},[20,11443,11444],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[33,11446,11447,11450,11453],{},[36,11448,11449],{},"spaces",[36,11451,11452],{},"hyphens",[36,11454,11455],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,11457,11458,11459,11462],{},"For example, this is ",[4753,11460,11461],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[51,11464,11466],{"className":53,"code":11465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,11467,11468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11469,11470],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11471,11465],{"class":4674},[20,11473,11474],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[51,11476,11478],{"className":53,"code":11477,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11479,11480,11523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11481,11482,11484,11486,11489,11491,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11511,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11483,10163],{"class":66},[60,11485,71],{"class":70},[60,11487,11488],{"class":74}," {",[60,11490,356],{"class":78},[60,11492,11493],{"class":82},"first-name",[60,11495,356],{"class":78},[60,11497,3901],{"class":74},[60,11499,365],{"class":78},[60,11501,1781],{"class":82},[60,11503,356],{"class":78},[60,11505,88],{"class":74},[60,11507,365],{"class":78},[60,11509,11510],{"class":82},"first name",[60,11512,356],{"class":78},[60,11514,3901],{"class":74},[60,11516,365],{"class":78},[60,11518,1781],{"class":82},[60,11520,356],{"class":78},[60,11522,10306],{"class":74},[60,11524,11525,11527,11529,11531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11526,143],{"class":142},[60,11528,130],{"class":74},[60,11530,10202],{"class":126},[60,11532,136],{"class":74},[20,11534,11535],{},[4753,11536,153],{},[51,11538,11540],{"className":53,"code":11539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,11541,11542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11543,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11574,11576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11545,10275],{"class":74},[60,11547,356],{"class":78},[60,11549,11493],{"class":82},[60,11551,356],{"class":78},[60,11553,3901],{"class":74},[60,11555,365],{"class":78},[60,11557,1781],{"class":82},[60,11559,356],{"class":78},[60,11561,88],{"class":74},[60,11563,365],{"class":78},[60,11565,11510],{"class":82},[60,11567,356],{"class":78},[60,11569,3901],{"class":74},[60,11571,365],{"class":78},[60,11573,1781],{"class":82},[60,11575,356],{"class":78},[60,11577,10306],{"class":74},[46,11579,11581,11583,11584],{"id":11580},"dict-vs",[15,11582,10117],{}," vs ",[15,11585,4802],{},[20,11587,2357,11588,2360,11590,11592],{},[15,11589,10117],{},[15,11591,4802],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[415,11594,171,11596,11598],{"id":11595},"use-when",[15,11597,4802],{}," when:",[33,11600,11601,11604],{},[36,11602,11603],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[36,11605,11606],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[51,11608,11609],{"className":53,"code":10824,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11610,11611],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11612,11613,11615,11617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11614,10163],{"class":66},[60,11616,71],{"class":70},[60,11618,10835],{"class":74},[415,11620,171,11622,11598],{"id":11621},"use-dict-when",[15,11623,10117],{},[33,11625,11626,11629,11632],{},[36,11627,11628],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[36,11630,11631],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[36,11633,11634],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[51,11636,11638],{"className":53,"code":11637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,11639,11640,11677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11641,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11652,11654,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666,11668,11670,11672,11674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11643,10163],{"class":66},[60,11645,71],{"class":70},[60,11647,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11649,10655],{"class":74},[60,11651,356],{"class":78},[60,11653,551],{"class":82},[60,11655,356],{"class":78},[60,11657,88],{"class":74},[60,11659,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11661,10231],{"class":74},[60,11663,1776],{"class":74},[60,11665,356],{"class":78},[60,11667,2258],{"class":82},[60,11669,356],{"class":78},[60,11671,88],{"class":74},[60,11673,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11675,11676],{"class":74},")])\n",[60,11678,11679,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11680,11681],{"class":66},"info ",[60,11683,71],{"class":70},[60,11685,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11687,130],{"class":74},[60,11689,8666],{"class":10173},[60,11691,71],{"class":70},[60,11693,356],{"class":78},[60,11695,6005],{"class":82},[60,11697,356],{"class":78},[60,11699,88],{"class":74},[60,11701,10186],{"class":10173},[60,11703,71],{"class":70},[60,11705,10191],{"class":1402},[60,11707,136],{"class":74},[20,11709,11710],{},"So:",[33,11712,11713,11718],{},[36,11714,11715,11717],{},[15,11716,4802],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[36,11719,11720,11722],{},[15,11721,10117],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,11724,11725,11726,11730,11731,123],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[551,11727,11729],{"href":11728},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[551,11732,11734,11735,2887],{"href":11733},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,11736,11737],{},"get()",[46,11739,11741],{"id":11740},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,11743,11744,11745,123],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,11746,10117],{},[415,11748,11750],{"id":11749},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,11752,2012],{},[51,11754,11756],{"className":53,"code":11755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,11757,11758,11782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11759,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11761,664],{"class":66},[60,11763,71],{"class":70},[60,11765,75],{"class":74},[60,11767,356],{"class":78},[60,11769,551],{"class":82},[60,11771,356],{"class":78},[60,11773,88],{"class":74},[60,11775,365],{"class":78},[60,11777,2258],{"class":82},[60,11779,356],{"class":78},[60,11781,108],{"class":74},[60,11783,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11785,10163],{"class":66},[60,11787,71],{"class":70},[60,11789,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11791,130],{"class":74},[60,11793,716],{"class":126},[60,11795,136],{"class":74},[20,11797,11798,11799,123],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11800,11801],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11803,2078],{},[51,11805,11807],{"className":53,"code":11806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11808,11809,11843,11857],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11810,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11812,664],{"class":66},[60,11814,71],{"class":70},[60,11816,10218],{"class":74},[60,11818,356],{"class":78},[60,11820,551],{"class":82},[60,11822,356],{"class":78},[60,11824,88],{"class":74},[60,11826,6499],{"class":1402},[60,11828,10231],{"class":74},[60,11830,1776],{"class":74},[60,11832,356],{"class":78},[60,11834,2258],{"class":82},[60,11836,356],{"class":78},[60,11838,88],{"class":74},[60,11840,1437],{"class":1402},[60,11842,10246],{"class":74},[60,11844,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11846,10163],{"class":66},[60,11848,71],{"class":70},[60,11850,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11852,130],{"class":74},[60,11854,716],{"class":126},[60,11856,136],{"class":74},[60,11858,11859,11861,11863,11865],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,11860,143],{"class":142},[60,11862,130],{"class":74},[60,11864,10202],{"class":126},[60,11866,136],{"class":74},[415,11868,11870],{"id":11869},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11872,11873],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[51,11875,11877],{"className":53,"code":11876,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11878,11879],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11880,11881],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11882,11876],{"class":4674},[20,11884,11885,11886,3901],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11887,71],{},[51,11889,11891],{"className":53,"code":11890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11892,11893,11915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11894,11895,11897,11899,11901,11903,11905,11907,11909,11911,11913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11896,10163],{"class":66},[60,11898,71],{"class":70},[60,11900,10168],{"class":1527},[60,11902,130],{"class":74},[60,11904,8666],{"class":10173},[60,11906,71],{"class":70},[60,11908,356],{"class":78},[60,11910,6005],{"class":82},[60,11912,356],{"class":78},[60,11914,136],{"class":74},[60,11916,11917,11919,11921,11923],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11918,143],{"class":142},[60,11920,130],{"class":74},[60,11922,10202],{"class":126},[60,11924,136],{"class":74},[415,11926,11928],{"id":11927},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11930,11931],{},"This will not work:",[51,11933,11934],{"className":53,"code":11465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,11935,11936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11937,11938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11939,11465],{"class":4674},[20,11941,11942],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[51,11944,11946],{"className":53,"code":11945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11947,11948,11972],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11949,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11951,10163],{"class":66},[60,11953,71],{"class":70},[60,11955,11488],{"class":74},[60,11957,356],{"class":78},[60,11959,11493],{"class":82},[60,11961,356],{"class":78},[60,11963,3901],{"class":74},[60,11965,365],{"class":78},[60,11967,1781],{"class":82},[60,11969,356],{"class":78},[60,11971,10306],{"class":74},[60,11973,11974,11976,11978,11980],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,11975,143],{"class":142},[60,11977,130],{"class":74},[60,11979,10202],{"class":126},[60,11981,136],{"class":74},[415,11983,11985],{"id":11984},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11987,11988],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[51,11990,11992],{"className":53,"code":11991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11993,11994,12030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,11995,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018,12020,12022,12024,12026,12028],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,11997,10163],{"class":66},[60,11999,71],{"class":70},[60,12001,10168],{"class":1527},[60,12003,10655],{"class":74},[60,12005,356],{"class":78},[60,12007,3191],{"class":82},[60,12009,356],{"class":78},[60,12011,88],{"class":74},[60,12013,6499],{"class":1402},[60,12015,10231],{"class":74},[60,12017,1776],{"class":74},[60,12019,356],{"class":78},[60,12021,3191],{"class":82},[60,12023,356],{"class":78},[60,12025,88],{"class":74},[60,12027,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12029,11676],{"class":74},[60,12031,12032,12034,12036,12038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12033,143],{"class":142},[60,12035,130],{"class":74},[60,12037,10202],{"class":126},[60,12039,136],{"class":74},[20,12041,12042],{},[4753,12043,153],{},[51,12045,12047],{"className":53,"code":12046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,12048,12049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12050,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12052,10275],{"class":74},[60,12054,356],{"class":78},[60,12056,3191],{"class":82},[60,12058,356],{"class":78},[60,12060,3901],{"class":74},[60,12062,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12064,10306],{"class":74},[20,12066,12067,12068,123],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[551,12069,12071],{"href":12070},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[46,12073,3845],{"id":3844},[20,12075,12076,12077,12079],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,12078,10117],{}," include:",[33,12081,12082,12091,12097,12100],{},[36,12083,12084,12085,2600,12088],{},"passing a list like ",[15,12086,12087],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,12089,12090],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[36,12092,12093,12094],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,12095,12096],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[36,12098,12099],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[36,12101,12102,12103,12105],{},"confusing ",[15,12104,10117],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,12107,12108],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,12110,12112],{"className":53,"code":12111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,12113,12114,12128,12138,12149],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12115,12116,12118,12120,12122,12124,12126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12117,143],{"class":142},[60,12119,130],{"class":74},[60,12121,2629],{"class":1527},[60,12123,130],{"class":74},[60,12125,10202],{"class":126},[60,12127,1042],{"class":74},[60,12129,12130,12132,12134,12136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12131,143],{"class":142},[60,12133,130],{"class":74},[60,12135,10202],{"class":126},[60,12137,136],{"class":74},[60,12139,12140,12142,12144,12147],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12141,143],{"class":142},[60,12143,130],{"class":74},[60,12145,12146],{"class":126},"list_of_pairs",[60,12148,136],{"class":74},[60,12150,12151,12153,12155,12158,12160,12162],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,12152,143],{"class":142},[60,12154,130],{"class":74},[60,12156,12157],{"class":142},"len",[60,12159,130],{"class":74},[60,12161,12146],{"class":126},[60,12163,1042],{"class":74},[20,12165,12166],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[33,12168,12169,12172,12175],{},[36,12170,12171],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[36,12173,12174],{},"what data is being passed in",[36,12176,12177],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[46,12179,2804],{"id":2803},[415,12181,6180,12183,2360,12185,2863],{"id":12182},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,12184,10117],{},[15,12186,4802],{},[20,12188,12189,12191,12192,12194],{},[15,12190,4802],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,12193,10117],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[415,12196,6170,12198,12200],{"id":12197},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,12199,10117],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,12202,12203,12204,123],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,12205,12090],{},[415,12207,6158,12209,12212],{"id":12208},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,12210,12211],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,12214,12215],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[415,12217,12219,12220,12222],{"id":12218},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,12221,10117],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,12224,12225,12226,12229],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,12227,12228],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[46,12231,2870],{"id":2869},[33,12233,12234,12239,12243,12248,12254],{},[36,12235,12236],{},[551,12237,12238],{"href":10388},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[36,12240,12241],{},[551,12242,10153],{"href":10152},[36,12244,12245],{},[551,12246,12247],{"href":11728},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[36,12249,12250],{},[551,12251,11734,12252,2887],{"href":11733},[15,12253,11737],{},[36,12255,12256],{},[551,12257,12258],{"href":12070},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2912,12260,12261],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":12263},[12264,12266,12272,12273,12274,12275,12282,12288,12289,12299],{"id":10342,"depth":111,"text":12265},"What dict() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":12267},[12268,12269,12270,12271],{"id":10399,"depth":139,"text":10400},{"id":10441,"depth":139,"text":10442},{"id":10545,"depth":139,"text":10546},{"id":10635,"depth":139,"text":10636},{"id":10747,"depth":111,"text":10400},{"id":10851,"depth":111,"text":10852},{"id":11274,"depth":111,"text":11275},{"id":11580,"depth":111,"text":12276,"children":12277},"dict() vs {}",[12278,12280],{"id":11595,"depth":139,"text":12279},"Use {} when:",{"id":11621,"depth":139,"text":12281},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11740,"depth":111,"text":11741,"children":12283},[12284,12285,12286,12287],{"id":11749,"depth":139,"text":11750},{"id":11869,"depth":139,"text":11870},{"id":11927,"depth":139,"text":11928},{"id":11984,"depth":139,"text":11985},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":12290},[12291,12293,12295,12297],{"id":12182,"depth":139,"text":12292},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":12197,"depth":139,"text":12294},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":12208,"depth":139,"text":12296},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":12218,"depth":139,"text":12298},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":10109,"description":12300},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":12307,"title":12308,"body":12309,"description":13816,"extension":2980,"meta":13817,"navigation":304,"path":13818,"seo":13819,"stem":13820,"__hash__":13821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":12310,"toc":13785},[12311,12318,12324,12331,12333,12394,12399,12404,12409,12427,12430,12434,12436,12452,12454,12467,12471,12474,12608,12610,12677,12680,12696,12702,12708,12711,12792,12794,12808,12812,12818,12883,12885,12893,12896,12919,12925,12988,12994,12997,13011,13024,13028,13039,13044,13055,13062,13066,13072,13193,13195,13221,13224,13241,13244,13355,13357,13406,13408,13421,13430,13435,13440,13451,13453,13556,13579,13581,13585,13604,13607,13665,13668,13694,13696,13702,13705,13711,13715,13722,13730,13736,13739,13741,13782],[10,12312,12314,12315,18],{"id":12313},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,12316,12317],{},"clear()",[20,12319,12320,12323],{},[15,12321,12322],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,12325,12326,12327,12330],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[4753,12328,12329],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[46,12332,3022],{"id":3021},[51,12334,12336],{"className":53,"code":12335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,12337,12338,12370,12381],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12339,12340,12342,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12341,10163],{"class":66},[60,12343,71],{"class":70},[60,12345,11488],{"class":74},[60,12347,79],{"class":78},[60,12349,551],{"class":82},[60,12351,79],{"class":78},[60,12353,3901],{"class":74},[60,12355,6499],{"class":1402},[60,12357,88],{"class":74},[60,12359,91],{"class":78},[60,12361,2258],{"class":82},[60,12363,79],{"class":78},[60,12365,3901],{"class":74},[60,12367,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12369,10306],{"class":74},[60,12371,12372,12374,12376,12379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12373,10202],{"class":66},[60,12375,123],{"class":74},[60,12377,12378],{"class":126},"clear",[60,12380,9640],{"class":74},[60,12382,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12384,143],{"class":142},[60,12386,130],{"class":74},[60,12388,10202],{"class":126},[60,12390,2662],{"class":74},[60,12392,12393],{"class":4674},"  # {}\n",[20,12395,12396,12398],{},[15,12397,12317],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[46,12400,178,12402,181],{"id":12401},"what-clear-does",[15,12403,12317],{},[20,12405,2997,12406,12408],{},[15,12407,12317],{}," method:",[33,12410,12411,12414,12417,12422],{},[36,12412,12413],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[36,12415,12416],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[36,12418,12419,12420],{},"Returns ",[15,12421,1585],{},[36,12423,12424,12425],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,12426,4802],{},[20,12428,12429],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,12431,10149,12432,123],{},[551,12433,10153],{"href":10152},[46,12435,389],{"id":388},[51,12437,12439],{"className":53,"code":12438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,12440,12441],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12442,12443,12446,12448,12450],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12444,12445],{"class":66},"my_dict",[60,12447,123],{"class":74},[60,12449,12378],{"class":126},[60,12451,9640],{"class":74},[20,12453,189],{},[33,12455,12456,12461,12464],{},[36,12457,12458,12460],{},[15,12459,12317],{}," takes no arguments",[36,12462,12463],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[36,12465,12466],{},"It empties that dictionary",[46,12468,12470],{"id":12469},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,12472,12473],{},"Here is a basic example:",[51,12475,12477],{"className":53,"code":12476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,12478,12479,12489,12510,12524,12541,12545,12549,12569,12573,12584,12588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12480,12481,12484,12486],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12482,12483],{"class":66},"user ",[60,12485,71],{"class":70},[60,12487,12488],{"class":74}," {\n",[60,12490,12491,12494,12496,12498,12500,12502,12505,12507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12492,12493],{"class":78},"    \"",[60,12495,8666],{"class":82},[60,12497,79],{"class":78},[60,12499,3901],{"class":74},[60,12501,91],{"class":78},[60,12503,12504],{"class":82},"Maya",[60,12506,79],{"class":78},[60,12508,12509],{"class":74},",\n",[60,12511,12512,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12513,12493],{"class":78},[60,12515,10296],{"class":82},[60,12517,79],{"class":78},[60,12519,3901],{"class":74},[60,12521,10303],{"class":1402},[60,12523,12509],{"class":74},[60,12525,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536,12539],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,12527,12493],{"class":78},[60,12529,11406],{"class":82},[60,12531,79],{"class":78},[60,12533,3901],{"class":74},[60,12535,91],{"class":78},[60,12537,12538],{"class":82},"Berlin",[60,12540,2389],{"class":78},[60,12542,12543],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,12544,10306],{"class":74},[60,12546,12547],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,12548,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12550,12551,12553,12555,12557,12560,12562,12564,12567],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,12552,143],{"class":142},[60,12554,130],{"class":74},[60,12556,79],{"class":78},[60,12558,12559],{"class":82},"Before:",[60,12561,79],{"class":78},[60,12563,88],{"class":74},[60,12565,12566],{"class":126}," user",[60,12568,136],{"class":74},[60,12570,12571],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,12572,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12574,12575,12578,12580,12582],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,12576,12577],{"class":66},"user",[60,12579,123],{"class":74},[60,12581,12378],{"class":126},[60,12583,9640],{"class":74},[60,12585,12586],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,12587,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597,12600,12602,12604,12606],{"class":62,"line":12590},11,[60,12592,143],{"class":142},[60,12594,130],{"class":74},[60,12596,79],{"class":78},[60,12598,12599],{"class":82},"After:",[60,12601,79],{"class":78},[60,12603,88],{"class":74},[60,12605,12566],{"class":126},[60,12607,136],{"class":74},[20,12609,6561],{},[51,12611,12613],{"className":53,"code":12612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,12614,12615,12668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12616,12617,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640,12642,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660,12662,12664,12666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12618,12619],{"class":66},"Before",[60,12621,3901],{"class":74},[60,12623,11488],{"class":74},[60,12625,356],{"class":78},[60,12627,8666],{"class":82},[60,12629,356],{"class":78},[60,12631,3901],{"class":74},[60,12633,365],{"class":78},[60,12635,12504],{"class":82},[60,12637,356],{"class":78},[60,12639,88],{"class":74},[60,12641,365],{"class":78},[60,12643,10296],{"class":82},[60,12645,356],{"class":78},[60,12647,3901],{"class":74},[60,12649,10303],{"class":1402},[60,12651,88],{"class":74},[60,12653,365],{"class":78},[60,12655,11406],{"class":82},[60,12657,356],{"class":78},[60,12659,3901],{"class":74},[60,12661,365],{"class":78},[60,12663,12538],{"class":82},[60,12665,356],{"class":78},[60,12667,10306],{"class":74},[60,12669,12670,12673,12675],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12671,12672],{"class":66},"After",[60,12674,3901],{"class":74},[60,12676,10835],{"class":74},[20,12678,12679],{},"What happens here:",[33,12681,12682,12687,12693],{},[36,12683,12684,12686],{},[15,12685,12577],{}," starts with three items",[36,12688,12689,12692],{},[15,12690,12691],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[36,12694,12695],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[46,12697,178,12699,12701],{"id":12698},"what-clear-returns",[15,12700,12317],{}," returns",[20,12703,12704,3412,12706,123],{},[15,12705,12317],{},[15,12707,1585],{},[20,12709,12710],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,12712,12714],{"className":53,"code":12713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12715,12716,12749,12753,12768,12772,12782],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12717,12718,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12719,12720],{"class":66},"my_dict ",[60,12722,71],{"class":70},[60,12724,11488],{"class":74},[60,12726,79],{"class":78},[60,12728,3191],{"class":82},[60,12730,79],{"class":78},[60,12732,3901],{"class":74},[60,12734,6499],{"class":1402},[60,12736,88],{"class":74},[60,12738,91],{"class":78},[60,12740,785],{"class":82},[60,12742,79],{"class":78},[60,12744,3901],{"class":74},[60,12746,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12748,10306],{"class":74},[60,12750,12751],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12752,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12754,12755,12757,12759,12762,12764,12766],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12756,114],{"class":66},[60,12758,71],{"class":70},[60,12760,12761],{"class":66}," my_dict",[60,12763,123],{"class":74},[60,12765,12378],{"class":126},[60,12767,9640],{"class":74},[60,12769,12770],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,12771,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12773,12774,12776,12778,12780],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,12775,143],{"class":142},[60,12777,130],{"class":74},[60,12779,148],{"class":126},[60,12781,136],{"class":74},[60,12783,12784,12786,12788,12790],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,12785,143],{"class":142},[60,12787,130],{"class":74},[60,12789,12445],{"class":126},[60,12791,136],{"class":74},[20,12793,153],{},[51,12795,12797],{"className":53,"code":12796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{}\n",[15,12798,12799,12804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12800,12801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12802,12803],{"class":1611},"None\n",[60,12805,12806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12807,10432],{"class":74},[415,12809,12811],{"id":12810},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12813,12814,12815,12817],{},"Do ",[4753,12816,5632],{}," do this:",[51,12819,12821],{"className":53,"code":12820,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12822,12823,12855,12869,12873],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12824,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851,12853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12826,12720],{"class":66},[60,12828,71],{"class":70},[60,12830,11488],{"class":74},[60,12832,79],{"class":78},[60,12834,3191],{"class":82},[60,12836,79],{"class":78},[60,12838,3901],{"class":74},[60,12840,6499],{"class":1402},[60,12842,88],{"class":74},[60,12844,91],{"class":78},[60,12846,785],{"class":82},[60,12848,79],{"class":78},[60,12850,3901],{"class":74},[60,12852,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12854,10306],{"class":74},[60,12856,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12858,12720],{"class":66},[60,12860,71],{"class":70},[60,12862,12761],{"class":66},[60,12864,123],{"class":74},[60,12866,12378],{"class":126},[60,12868,9640],{"class":74},[60,12870,12871],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12872,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12874,12875,12877,12879,12881],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,12876,143],{"class":142},[60,12878,130],{"class":74},[60,12880,12445],{"class":126},[60,12882,136],{"class":74},[20,12884,153],{},[51,12886,12887],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,12888,12889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12890,12891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12892,12803],{"class":1611},[20,12894,12895],{},"Why this happens:",[33,12897,12898,12904,12909],{},[36,12899,12900,12903],{},[15,12901,12902],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[36,12905,12906,12907],{},"The method returns ",[15,12908,1585],{},[36,12910,12911,12912,12915,12916,12918],{},"Then ",[15,12913,12914],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12917,1585],{}," in the variable",[20,12920,12921,12922,12924],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12923,12317],{}," by itself:",[51,12926,12928],{"className":53,"code":12927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12929,12930,12962,12972,12976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,12931,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940,12942,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956,12958,12960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,12933,12720],{"class":66},[60,12935,71],{"class":70},[60,12937,11488],{"class":74},[60,12939,79],{"class":78},[60,12941,3191],{"class":82},[60,12943,79],{"class":78},[60,12945,3901],{"class":74},[60,12947,6499],{"class":1402},[60,12949,88],{"class":74},[60,12951,91],{"class":78},[60,12953,785],{"class":82},[60,12955,79],{"class":78},[60,12957,3901],{"class":74},[60,12959,1437],{"class":1402},[60,12961,10306],{"class":74},[60,12963,12964,12966,12968,12970],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,12965,12445],{"class":66},[60,12967,123],{"class":74},[60,12969,12378],{"class":126},[60,12971,9640],{"class":74},[60,12973,12974],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,12975,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,12977,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,12979,143],{"class":142},[60,12981,130],{"class":74},[60,12983,12445],{"class":126},[60,12985,2662],{"class":74},[60,12987,12393],{"class":4674},[46,12989,12991,12993],{"id":12990},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12992,12317],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12995,12996],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[51,12998,12999],{"className":53,"code":12438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,13000,13001],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13002,13003,13005,13007,13009],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13004,12445],{"class":66},[60,13006,123],{"class":74},[60,13008,12378],{"class":126},[60,13010,9640],{"class":74},[51,13012,13014],{"className":53,"code":13013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,13015,13016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13017,13018,13020,13022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13019,12720],{"class":66},[60,13021,71],{"class":70},[60,13023,10835],{"class":74},[415,13025,13026],{"id":12378},[15,13027,12317],{},[33,13029,13030,13033,13036],{},[36,13031,13032],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[36,13034,13035],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[36,13037,13038],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[415,13040,13041],{"id":12445},[15,13042,13043],{},"my_dict = {}",[33,13045,13046,13049,13052],{},[36,13047,13048],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[36,13050,13051],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[36,13053,13054],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,13056,13057,13058,123],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[551,13059,13061],{"href":13060},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[46,13063,13065],{"id":13064},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,13067,13068,13069,13071],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,13070,12317],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[51,13073,13075],{"className":53,"code":13074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,13076,13077,13110,13120,13124,13135,13139,13159,13179],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13078,13079,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13080,13081],{"class":66},"original ",[60,13083,71],{"class":70},[60,13085,11488],{"class":74},[60,13087,79],{"class":78},[60,13089,551],{"class":82},[60,13091,79],{"class":78},[60,13093,3901],{"class":74},[60,13095,6499],{"class":1402},[60,13097,88],{"class":74},[60,13099,91],{"class":78},[60,13101,2258],{"class":82},[60,13103,79],{"class":78},[60,13105,3901],{"class":74},[60,13107,1437],{"class":1402},[60,13109,10306],{"class":74},[60,13111,13112,13115,13117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13113,13114],{"class":66},"other_ref ",[60,13116,71],{"class":70},[60,13118,13119],{"class":66}," original\n",[60,13121,13122],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13123,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13125,13126,13129,13131,13133],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,13127,13128],{"class":66},"original",[60,13130,123],{"class":74},[60,13132,12378],{"class":126},[60,13134,9640],{"class":74},[60,13136,13137],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,13138,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13140,13141,13143,13145,13147,13150,13152,13154,13157],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,13142,143],{"class":142},[60,13144,130],{"class":74},[60,13146,79],{"class":78},[60,13148,13149],{"class":82},"original:",[60,13151,79],{"class":78},[60,13153,88],{"class":74},[60,13155,13156],{"class":126}," original",[60,13158,136],{"class":74},[60,13160,13161,13163,13165,13167,13170,13172,13174,13177],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,13162,143],{"class":142},[60,13164,130],{"class":74},[60,13166,79],{"class":78},[60,13168,13169],{"class":82},"other_ref:",[60,13171,79],{"class":78},[60,13173,88],{"class":74},[60,13175,13176],{"class":126}," other_ref",[60,13178,136],{"class":74},[60,13180,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,13182,143],{"class":142},[60,13184,130],{"class":74},[60,13186,13081],{"class":126},[60,13188,94],{"class":2665},[60,13190,13176],{"class":126},[60,13192,136],{"class":74},[20,13194,153],{},[51,13196,13198],{"className":53,"code":13197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,13199,13200,13208,13217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13201,13202,13204,13206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13203,13128],{"class":66},[60,13205,3901],{"class":74},[60,13207,10835],{"class":74},[60,13209,13210,13213,13215],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13211,13212],{"class":66},"other_ref",[60,13214,3901],{"class":74},[60,13216,10835],{"class":74},[60,13218,13219],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13220,4983],{"class":1611},[20,13222,13223],{},"This shows:",[33,13225,13226,13233,13238],{},[36,13227,13228,2360,13230,13232],{},[15,13229,13128],{},[15,13231,13212],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[36,13234,13235,13237],{},[15,13236,12317],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[36,13239,13240],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,13242,13243],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[51,13245,13247],{"className":53,"code":13246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,13248,13249,13281,13289,13293,13301,13305,13323,13341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13250,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13252,13081],{"class":66},[60,13254,71],{"class":70},[60,13256,11488],{"class":74},[60,13258,79],{"class":78},[60,13260,551],{"class":82},[60,13262,79],{"class":78},[60,13264,3901],{"class":74},[60,13266,6499],{"class":1402},[60,13268,88],{"class":74},[60,13270,91],{"class":78},[60,13272,2258],{"class":82},[60,13274,79],{"class":78},[60,13276,3901],{"class":74},[60,13278,1437],{"class":1402},[60,13280,10306],{"class":74},[60,13282,13283,13285,13287],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13284,13114],{"class":66},[60,13286,71],{"class":70},[60,13288,13119],{"class":66},[60,13290,13291],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13292,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13294,13295,13297,13299],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,13296,13081],{"class":66},[60,13298,71],{"class":70},[60,13300,10835],{"class":74},[60,13302,13303],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,13304,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13306,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,13308,143],{"class":142},[60,13310,130],{"class":74},[60,13312,79],{"class":78},[60,13314,13149],{"class":82},[60,13316,79],{"class":78},[60,13318,88],{"class":74},[60,13320,13156],{"class":126},[60,13322,136],{"class":74},[60,13324,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,13326,143],{"class":142},[60,13328,130],{"class":74},[60,13330,79],{"class":78},[60,13332,13169],{"class":82},[60,13334,79],{"class":78},[60,13336,88],{"class":74},[60,13338,13176],{"class":126},[60,13340,136],{"class":74},[60,13342,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,13344,143],{"class":142},[60,13346,130],{"class":74},[60,13348,13081],{"class":126},[60,13350,94],{"class":2665},[60,13352,13176],{"class":126},[60,13354,136],{"class":74},[20,13356,153],{},[51,13358,13360],{"className":53,"code":13359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13361,13362,13370,13402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13363,13364,13366,13368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13365,13128],{"class":66},[60,13367,3901],{"class":74},[60,13369,10835],{"class":74},[60,13371,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13373,13212],{"class":66},[60,13375,3901],{"class":74},[60,13377,11488],{"class":74},[60,13379,356],{"class":78},[60,13381,551],{"class":82},[60,13383,356],{"class":78},[60,13385,3901],{"class":74},[60,13387,6499],{"class":1402},[60,13389,88],{"class":74},[60,13391,365],{"class":78},[60,13393,2258],{"class":82},[60,13395,356],{"class":78},[60,13397,3901],{"class":74},[60,13399,1437],{"class":1402},[60,13401,10306],{"class":74},[60,13403,13404],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13405,5044],{"class":1611},[20,13407,3196],{},[33,13409,13410,13416],{},[36,13411,13412,13415],{},[15,13413,13414],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[36,13417,13418,13420],{},[15,13419,13212],{}," still points to the old one",[20,13422,13423,13424,123],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[551,13425,13427],{"href":13426},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,13428,13429],{},"dict.copy()",[46,13431,5963,13433],{"id":13432},"when-to-use-clear",[15,13434,12317],{},[20,13436,13437,13439],{},[15,13438,12317],{}," is useful when you want to:",[33,13441,13442,13445,13448],{},[36,13443,13444],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[36,13446,13447],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[36,13449,13450],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,13452,236],{},[51,13454,13456],{"className":53,"code":13455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,13457,13458,13467,13483,13503,13516,13520,13524,13529,13540,13544],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13459,13460,13463,13465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13461,13462],{"class":66},"session_data ",[60,13464,71],{"class":70},[60,13466,12488],{"class":74},[60,13468,13469,13471,13474,13476,13478,13481],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13470,12493],{"class":78},[60,13472,13473],{"class":82},"user_id",[60,13475,79],{"class":78},[60,13477,3901],{"class":74},[60,13479,13480],{"class":1402}," 101",[60,13482,12509],{"class":74},[60,13484,13485,13487,13490,13492,13494,13496,13499,13501],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13486,12493],{"class":78},[60,13488,13489],{"class":82},"theme",[60,13491,79],{"class":78},[60,13493,3901],{"class":74},[60,13495,91],{"class":78},[60,13497,13498],{"class":82},"dark",[60,13500,79],{"class":78},[60,13502,12509],{"class":74},[60,13504,13505,13507,13510,13512,13514],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,13506,12493],{"class":78},[60,13508,13509],{"class":82},"logged_in",[60,13511,79],{"class":78},[60,13513,3901],{"class":74},[60,13515,7422],{"class":1611},[60,13517,13518],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,13519,10306],{"class":74},[60,13521,13522],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,13523,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13525,13526],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,13527,13528],{"class":4674},"# Reset for a new session\n",[60,13530,13531,13534,13536,13538],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,13532,13533],{"class":66},"session_data",[60,13535,123],{"class":74},[60,13537,12378],{"class":126},[60,13539,9640],{"class":74},[60,13541,13542],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,13543,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13545,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,13547,143],{"class":142},[60,13549,130],{"class":74},[60,13551,13533],{"class":126},[60,13553,2662],{"class":74},[60,13555,12393],{"class":4674},[20,13557,13558,13559,13565,13566,123,13570,13572,13573,123],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[551,13560,13562],{"href":13561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,13563,13564],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[551,13567,13569],{"href":13568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10843,13571],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[551,13574,13576],{"href":13575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,13577,13578],{},"dict.popitem()",[46,13580,3845],{"id":3844},[20,13582,11744,13583,3901],{},[15,13584,12317],{},[33,13586,13587,13593,13598,13601],{},[36,13588,13589,13590,13592],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,13591,12317],{}," to a variable",[36,13594,9449,13595,13597],{},[15,13596,12317],{}," to return a new dictionary",[36,13599,13600],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[36,13602,13603],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,13605,13606],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[51,13608,13610],{"className":53,"code":13609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,13611,13612,13622,13636,13651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13613,13614,13616,13618,13620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13615,143],{"class":142},[60,13617,130],{"class":74},[60,13619,12445],{"class":126},[60,13621,136],{"class":74},[60,13623,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13625,143],{"class":142},[60,13627,130],{"class":74},[60,13629,2629],{"class":1527},[60,13631,130],{"class":74},[60,13633,12445],{"class":126},[60,13635,1042],{"class":74},[60,13637,13638,13640,13642,13645,13647,13649],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13639,143],{"class":142},[60,13641,130],{"class":74},[60,13643,13644],{"class":142},"id",[60,13646,130],{"class":74},[60,13648,12445],{"class":126},[60,13650,1042],{"class":74},[60,13652,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,13654,143],{"class":142},[60,13656,130],{"class":74},[60,13658,13114],{"class":126},[60,13660,94],{"class":2665},[60,13662,12761],{"class":126},[60,13664,136],{"class":74},[20,13666,13667],{},"What these show:",[33,13669,13670,13676,13682,13688],{},[36,13671,13672,13675],{},[15,13673,13674],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[36,13677,13678,13681],{},[15,13679,13680],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[36,13683,13684,13687],{},[15,13685,13686],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[36,13689,13690,13693],{},[15,13691,13692],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[46,13695,2804],{"id":2803},[415,13697,2808,13699,13701],{"id":13698},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,13700,12317],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,13703,13704],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[415,13706,2846,13708,13710],{"id":13707},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,13709,12322],{}," return?",[20,13712,6148,13713,123],{},[15,13714,1585],{},[415,13716,6180,13718,2360,13720,2863],{"id":13717},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,13719,12317],{},[15,13721,4802],{},[20,13723,13724,13726,13727,13729],{},[15,13725,12317],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,13728,4802],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[415,13731,2808,13733,13735],{"id":13732},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,13734,12317],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,13737,13738],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[46,13740,2870],{"id":2869},[33,13742,13743,13747,13751,13758,13765,13772,13777],{},[36,13744,13745],{},[551,13746,10153],{"href":10152},[36,13748,13749],{},[551,13750,12238],{"href":10388},[36,13752,13753],{},[551,13754,11734,13755,2887],{"href":13561},[15,13756,13757],{},"pop()",[36,13759,13760],{},[551,13761,11734,13762,2887],{"href":13575},[15,13763,13764],{},"popitem()",[36,13766,13767],{},[551,13768,11734,13769,2887],{"href":13426},[15,13770,13771],{},"copy()",[36,13773,13774],{},[551,13775,13776],{"href":13060},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[36,13778,13779],{},[551,13780,13781],{"href":13568},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2912,13783,13784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":13786},[13787,13788,13790,13791,13792,13796,13801,13802,13804,13805,13815],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":12401,"depth":111,"text":13789},"What clear() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":12698,"depth":111,"text":13793,"children":13794},"What clear() returns",[13795],{"id":12810,"depth":139,"text":12811},{"id":12990,"depth":111,"text":13797,"children":13798},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13799,13800],{"id":12378,"depth":139,"text":12317},{"id":12445,"depth":139,"text":13043},{"id":13064,"depth":111,"text":13065},{"id":13432,"depth":111,"text":13803},"When to use clear()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":13806},[13807,13809,13811,13813],{"id":13698,"depth":139,"text":13808},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13707,"depth":139,"text":13810},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13717,"depth":139,"text":13812},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13732,"depth":139,"text":13814},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":12308,"description":13816},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13823,"title":13824,"body":13825,"description":15990,"extension":2980,"meta":15991,"navigation":304,"path":15992,"seo":15993,"stem":15994,"__hash__":15995},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13826,"toc":15962},[13827,13832,13837,13847,13849,13937,13941,13982,13987,13994,14012,14021,14023,14044,14047,14059,14061,14137,14141,14182,14184,14187,14315,14319,14399,14402,14420,14423,14427,14433,14435,14446,14448,14643,14647,14753,14756,14774,14777,14784,14789,14793,14807,14809,14936,14940,15020,15033,15039,15042,15050,15054,15180,15184,15258,15263,15394,15398,15472,15475,15489,15493,15497,15511,15513,15649,15653,15722,15724,15729,15751,15754,15861,15864,15875,15882,15884,15890,15893,15900,15903,15910,15918,15922,15925,15927,15959],[10,13828,12314,13830,18],{"id":13829},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13831,13771],{},[20,13833,13834,13836],{},[15,13835,13429],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13838,13839,13840,13842,13843,13846],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13841,13771],{}," makes a ",[4753,13844,13845],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[46,13848,3022],{"id":3021},[51,13850,13852],{"className":53,"code":13851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13853,13854,13891,13908,13912,13923],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13855,13856,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13857,13858],{"class":66},"student ",[60,13860,71],{"class":70},[60,13862,11488],{"class":74},[60,13864,79],{"class":78},[60,13866,8666],{"class":82},[60,13868,79],{"class":78},[60,13870,3901],{"class":74},[60,13872,91],{"class":78},[60,13874,463],{"class":82},[60,13876,79],{"class":78},[60,13878,88],{"class":74},[60,13880,91],{"class":78},[60,13882,10296],{"class":82},[60,13884,79],{"class":78},[60,13886,3901],{"class":74},[60,13888,1407],{"class":1402},[60,13890,10306],{"class":74},[60,13892,13893,13896,13898,13901,13903,13906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13894,13895],{"class":66},"student_copy ",[60,13897,71],{"class":70},[60,13899,13900],{"class":66}," student",[60,13902,123],{"class":74},[60,13904,13905],{"class":126},"copy",[60,13907,9640],{"class":74},[60,13909,13910],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,13911,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,13913,13914,13916,13918,13921],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,13915,143],{"class":142},[60,13917,130],{"class":74},[60,13919,13920],{"class":126},"student_copy",[60,13922,136],{"class":74},[60,13924,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,13926,143],{"class":142},[60,13928,130],{"class":74},[60,13930,13895],{"class":126},[60,13932,94],{"class":2665},[60,13934,13900],{"class":126},[60,13936,136],{"class":74},[20,13938,13939],{},[4753,13940,153],{},[51,13942,13944],{"className":53,"code":13943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13945,13946,13978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,13947,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,13949,10275],{"class":74},[60,13951,356],{"class":78},[60,13953,8666],{"class":82},[60,13955,356],{"class":78},[60,13957,3901],{"class":74},[60,13959,365],{"class":78},[60,13961,463],{"class":82},[60,13963,356],{"class":78},[60,13965,88],{"class":74},[60,13967,365],{"class":78},[60,13969,10296],{"class":82},[60,13971,356],{"class":78},[60,13973,3901],{"class":74},[60,13975,1407],{"class":1402},[60,13977,10306],{"class":74},[60,13979,13980],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,13981,5044],{"class":1611},[20,13983,171,13984,13986],{},[15,13985,13771],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[46,13988,13990,13991,13993],{"id":13989},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13992,13771],{}," method does",[33,13995,13996,14001,14004,14009],{},[36,13997,13998,14000],{},[15,13999,13429],{}," returns a new dictionary",[36,14002,14003],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[36,14005,14006,14007],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,14008,13771],{},[36,14010,14011],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,14013,14014,14015,3894,14018,123],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[551,14016,10153],{"href":14017},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[551,14019,10389],{"href":14020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[46,14022,389],{"id":388},[51,14024,14026],{"className":53,"code":14025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,14027,14028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14029,14030,14033,14035,14038,14040,14042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14031,14032],{"class":66},"new_dict ",[60,14034,71],{"class":70},[60,14036,14037],{"class":66}," old_dict",[60,14039,123],{"class":74},[60,14041,13905],{"class":126},[60,14043,9640],{"class":74},[20,14045,14046],{},"Key points:",[33,14048,14049,14053,14056],{},[36,14050,14051,12460],{},[15,14052,13771],{},[36,14054,14055],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[36,14057,14058],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,14060,236],{},[51,14062,14064],{"className":53,"code":14063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,14065,14066,14106,14122,14126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14067,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14069,1070],{"class":66},[60,14071,71],{"class":70},[60,14073,11488],{"class":74},[60,14075,79],{"class":78},[60,14077,551],{"class":82},[60,14079,79],{"class":78},[60,14081,3901],{"class":74},[60,14083,91],{"class":78},[60,14085,254],{"class":82},[60,14087,79],{"class":78},[60,14089,88],{"class":74},[60,14091,91],{"class":78},[60,14093,2258],{"class":82},[60,14095,79],{"class":78},[60,14097,3901],{"class":74},[60,14099,91],{"class":78},[60,14101,272],{"class":82},[60,14103,79],{"class":78},[60,14105,10306],{"class":74},[60,14107,14108,14111,14113,14116,14118,14120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14109,14110],{"class":66},"new_colors ",[60,14112,71],{"class":70},[60,14114,14115],{"class":66}," colors",[60,14117,123],{"class":74},[60,14119,13905],{"class":126},[60,14121,9640],{"class":74},[60,14123,14124],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,14125,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14127,14128,14130,14132,14135],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,14129,143],{"class":142},[60,14131,130],{"class":74},[60,14133,14134],{"class":126},"new_colors",[60,14136,136],{"class":74},[20,14138,14139],{},[4753,14140,153],{},[51,14142,14144],{"className":53,"code":14143,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,14145,14146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14147,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14149,10275],{"class":74},[60,14151,356],{"class":78},[60,14153,551],{"class":82},[60,14155,356],{"class":78},[60,14157,3901],{"class":74},[60,14159,365],{"class":78},[60,14161,254],{"class":82},[60,14163,356],{"class":78},[60,14165,88],{"class":74},[60,14167,365],{"class":78},[60,14169,2258],{"class":82},[60,14171,356],{"class":78},[60,14173,3901],{"class":74},[60,14175,365],{"class":78},[60,14177,272],{"class":82},[60,14179,356],{"class":78},[60,14181,10306],{"class":74},[46,14183,12470],{"id":12469},[20,14185,14186],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[51,14188,14190],{"className":53,"code":14189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,14191,14192,14230,14246,14250,14272,14276,14295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14193,14194,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14195,14196],{"class":66},"person ",[60,14198,71],{"class":70},[60,14200,11488],{"class":74},[60,14202,79],{"class":78},[60,14204,8666],{"class":82},[60,14206,79],{"class":78},[60,14208,3901],{"class":74},[60,14210,91],{"class":78},[60,14212,14213],{"class":82},"Liam",[60,14215,79],{"class":78},[60,14217,88],{"class":74},[60,14219,91],{"class":78},[60,14221,10296],{"class":82},[60,14223,79],{"class":78},[60,14225,3901],{"class":74},[60,14227,10303],{"class":1402},[60,14229,10306],{"class":74},[60,14231,14232,14235,14237,14240,14242,14244],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14233,14234],{"class":66},"person_copy ",[60,14236,71],{"class":70},[60,14238,14239],{"class":66}," person",[60,14241,123],{"class":74},[60,14243,13905],{"class":126},[60,14245,9640],{"class":74},[60,14247,14248],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,14249,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14251,14252,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14266,14269],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,14253,14254],{"class":66},"person_copy",[60,14256,353],{"class":74},[60,14258,79],{"class":78},[60,14260,10296],{"class":82},[60,14262,79],{"class":78},[60,14264,14265],{"class":74},"]",[60,14267,14268],{"class":70}," =",[60,14270,14271],{"class":1402}," 26\n",[60,14273,14274],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,14275,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14277,14278,14280,14282,14284,14287,14289,14291,14293],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,14279,143],{"class":142},[60,14281,130],{"class":74},[60,14283,79],{"class":78},[60,14285,14286],{"class":82},"Original:",[60,14288,79],{"class":78},[60,14290,88],{"class":74},[60,14292,14239],{"class":126},[60,14294,136],{"class":74},[60,14296,14297,14299,14301,14303,14306,14308,14310,14313],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,14298,143],{"class":142},[60,14300,130],{"class":74},[60,14302,79],{"class":78},[60,14304,14305],{"class":82},"Copy:",[60,14307,79],{"class":78},[60,14309,88],{"class":74},[60,14311,14312],{"class":126}," person_copy",[60,14314,136],{"class":74},[20,14316,14317],{},[4753,14318,153],{},[51,14320,14322],{"className":53,"code":14321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,14323,14324,14361],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14325,14326,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14327,14328],{"class":66},"Original",[60,14330,3901],{"class":74},[60,14332,11488],{"class":74},[60,14334,356],{"class":78},[60,14336,8666],{"class":82},[60,14338,356],{"class":78},[60,14340,3901],{"class":74},[60,14342,365],{"class":78},[60,14344,14213],{"class":82},[60,14346,356],{"class":78},[60,14348,88],{"class":74},[60,14350,365],{"class":78},[60,14352,10296],{"class":82},[60,14354,356],{"class":78},[60,14356,3901],{"class":74},[60,14358,10303],{"class":1402},[60,14360,10306],{"class":74},[60,14362,14363,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14364,14365],{"class":66},"Copy",[60,14367,3901],{"class":74},[60,14369,11488],{"class":74},[60,14371,356],{"class":78},[60,14373,8666],{"class":82},[60,14375,356],{"class":78},[60,14377,3901],{"class":74},[60,14379,365],{"class":78},[60,14381,14213],{"class":82},[60,14383,356],{"class":78},[60,14385,88],{"class":74},[60,14387,365],{"class":78},[60,14389,10296],{"class":82},[60,14391,356],{"class":78},[60,14393,3901],{"class":74},[60,14395,14396],{"class":1402}," 26",[60,14398,10306],{"class":74},[20,14400,14401],{},"What happened here:",[33,14403,14404,14410,14417],{},[36,14405,14406,14409],{},[15,14407,14408],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[36,14411,14412,14413,14416],{},"Changing ",[15,14414,14415],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[36,14418,14419],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,14421,14422],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[46,14424,14426],{"id":14425},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,14428,14429,13842,14431,123],{},[15,14430,13771],{},[4753,14432,13845],{},[20,14434,3124],{},[33,14436,14437,14440,14443],{},[36,14438,14439],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[36,14441,14442],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[36,14444,14445],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,14447,236],{},[51,14449,14451],{"className":53,"code":14450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,14452,14453,14461,14479,14502,14506,14510,14524,14528,14553,14557,14575,14594,14609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14454,14455,14457,14459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14456,13858],{"class":66},[60,14458,71],{"class":70},[60,14460,12488],{"class":74},[60,14462,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14464,12493],{"class":78},[60,14466,8666],{"class":82},[60,14468,79],{"class":78},[60,14470,3901],{"class":74},[60,14472,91],{"class":78},[60,14474,463],{"class":82},[60,14476,79],{"class":78},[60,14478,12509],{"class":74},[60,14480,14481,14483,14486,14488,14490,14492,14495,14497,14500],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,14482,12493],{"class":78},[60,14484,14485],{"class":82},"grades",[60,14487,79],{"class":78},[60,14489,3901],{"class":74},[60,14491,75],{"class":74},[60,14493,14494],{"class":1402},"90",[60,14496,88],{"class":74},[60,14498,14499],{"class":1402}," 85",[60,14501,108],{"class":74},[60,14503,14504],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,14505,10306],{"class":74},[60,14507,14508],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,14509,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14511,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,14513,13895],{"class":66},[60,14515,71],{"class":70},[60,14517,13900],{"class":66},[60,14519,123],{"class":74},[60,14521,13905],{"class":126},[60,14523,9640],{"class":74},[60,14525,14526],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,14527,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14529,14530,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14543,14546,14548,14551],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,14531,13920],{"class":66},[60,14533,353],{"class":74},[60,14535,79],{"class":78},[60,14537,14485],{"class":82},[60,14539,79],{"class":78},[60,14541,14542],{"class":74},"].",[60,14544,14545],{"class":126},"append",[60,14547,130],{"class":74},[60,14549,14550],{"class":1402},"100",[60,14552,136],{"class":74},[60,14554,14555],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,14556,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14558,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,14560,143],{"class":142},[60,14562,130],{"class":74},[60,14564,79],{"class":78},[60,14566,14286],{"class":82},[60,14568,79],{"class":78},[60,14570,88],{"class":74},[60,14572,13900],{"class":126},[60,14574,136],{"class":74},[60,14576,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14592],{"class":62,"line":12590},[60,14578,143],{"class":142},[60,14580,130],{"class":74},[60,14582,79],{"class":78},[60,14584,14305],{"class":82},[60,14586,79],{"class":78},[60,14588,88],{"class":74},[60,14590,14591],{"class":126}," student_copy",[60,14593,136],{"class":74},[60,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607],{"class":62,"line":14596},12,[60,14598,143],{"class":142},[60,14600,130],{"class":74},[60,14602,13858],{"class":126},[60,14604,94],{"class":2665},[60,14606,14591],{"class":126},[60,14608,136],{"class":74},[60,14610,14612,14614,14616,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641],{"class":62,"line":14611},13,[60,14613,143],{"class":142},[60,14615,130],{"class":74},[60,14617,14618],{"class":126},"student",[60,14620,353],{"class":74},[60,14622,79],{"class":78},[60,14624,14485],{"class":82},[60,14626,79],{"class":78},[60,14628,14265],{"class":74},[60,14630,2773],{"class":2665},[60,14632,14591],{"class":126},[60,14634,353],{"class":74},[60,14636,79],{"class":78},[60,14638,14485],{"class":82},[60,14640,79],{"class":78},[60,14642,2677],{"class":74},[20,14644,14645],{},[4753,14646,153],{},[51,14648,14650],{"className":53,"code":14649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,14651,14652,14699,14745,14749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14653,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14655,14328],{"class":66},[60,14657,3901],{"class":74},[60,14659,11488],{"class":74},[60,14661,356],{"class":78},[60,14663,8666],{"class":82},[60,14665,356],{"class":78},[60,14667,3901],{"class":74},[60,14669,365],{"class":78},[60,14671,463],{"class":82},[60,14673,356],{"class":78},[60,14675,88],{"class":74},[60,14677,365],{"class":78},[60,14679,14485],{"class":82},[60,14681,356],{"class":78},[60,14683,3901],{"class":74},[60,14685,75],{"class":74},[60,14687,14494],{"class":1402},[60,14689,88],{"class":74},[60,14691,14499],{"class":1402},[60,14693,88],{"class":74},[60,14695,11115],{"class":1402},[60,14697,14698],{"class":74},"]}\n",[60,14700,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14702,14365],{"class":66},[60,14704,3901],{"class":74},[60,14706,11488],{"class":74},[60,14708,356],{"class":78},[60,14710,8666],{"class":82},[60,14712,356],{"class":78},[60,14714,3901],{"class":74},[60,14716,365],{"class":78},[60,14718,463],{"class":82},[60,14720,356],{"class":78},[60,14722,88],{"class":74},[60,14724,365],{"class":78},[60,14726,14485],{"class":82},[60,14728,356],{"class":78},[60,14730,3901],{"class":74},[60,14732,75],{"class":74},[60,14734,14494],{"class":1402},[60,14736,88],{"class":74},[60,14738,14499],{"class":1402},[60,14740,88],{"class":74},[60,14742,11115],{"class":1402},[60,14744,14698],{"class":74},[60,14746,14747],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,14748,5044],{"class":1611},[60,14750,14751],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,14752,4983],{"class":1611},[20,14754,14755],{},"Notice the difference:",[33,14757,14758,14766],{},[36,14759,14760,5785,14763,14765],{},[15,14761,14762],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14764,4685],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[36,14767,14768,5785,14771,14773],{},[15,14769,14770],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14772,4616],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14775,14776],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14778,14779,14780,123],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[551,14781,14783],{"href":14782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[46,14785,5963,14787],{"id":14786},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14788,13771],{},[20,14790,171,14791,11598],{},[15,14792,13771],{},[33,14794,14795,14798,14801,14804],{},[36,14796,14797],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[36,14799,14800],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[36,14802,14803],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[36,14805,14806],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14808,236],{},[51,14810,14812],{"className":53,"code":14811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14813,14814,14853,14869,14873,14893,14897,14916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14815,14816,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14844,14846,14848,14851],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14817,14818],{"class":66},"settings ",[60,14820,71],{"class":70},[60,14822,11488],{"class":74},[60,14824,79],{"class":78},[60,14826,13489],{"class":82},[60,14828,79],{"class":78},[60,14830,3901],{"class":74},[60,14832,91],{"class":78},[60,14834,13498],{"class":82},[60,14836,79],{"class":78},[60,14838,88],{"class":74},[60,14840,91],{"class":78},[60,14842,14843],{"class":82},"font_size",[60,14845,79],{"class":78},[60,14847,3901],{"class":74},[60,14849,14850],{"class":1402}," 14",[60,14852,10306],{"class":74},[60,14854,14855,14858,14860,14863,14865,14867],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14856,14857],{"class":66},"settings_backup ",[60,14859,71],{"class":70},[60,14861,14862],{"class":66}," settings",[60,14864,123],{"class":74},[60,14866,13905],{"class":126},[60,14868,9640],{"class":74},[60,14870,14871],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,14872,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14874,14875,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,14876,14877],{"class":66},"settings",[60,14879,353],{"class":74},[60,14881,79],{"class":78},[60,14883,14843],{"class":82},[60,14885,79],{"class":78},[60,14887,14265],{"class":74},[60,14889,14268],{"class":70},[60,14891,14892],{"class":1402}," 16\n",[60,14894,14895],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,14896,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,14898,14899,14901,14903,14905,14908,14910,14912,14914],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,14900,143],{"class":142},[60,14902,130],{"class":74},[60,14904,79],{"class":78},[60,14906,14907],{"class":82},"Current:",[60,14909,79],{"class":78},[60,14911,88],{"class":74},[60,14913,14862],{"class":126},[60,14915,136],{"class":74},[60,14917,14918,14920,14922,14924,14927,14929,14931,14934],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,14919,143],{"class":142},[60,14921,130],{"class":74},[60,14923,79],{"class":78},[60,14925,14926],{"class":82},"Backup:",[60,14928,79],{"class":78},[60,14930,88],{"class":74},[60,14932,14933],{"class":126}," settings_backup",[60,14935,136],{"class":74},[20,14937,14938],{},[4753,14939,153],{},[51,14941,14943],{"className":53,"code":14942,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14944,14945,14983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,14946,14947,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14981],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,14948,14949],{"class":66},"Current",[60,14951,3901],{"class":74},[60,14953,11488],{"class":74},[60,14955,356],{"class":78},[60,14957,13489],{"class":82},[60,14959,356],{"class":78},[60,14961,3901],{"class":74},[60,14963,365],{"class":78},[60,14965,13498],{"class":82},[60,14967,356],{"class":78},[60,14969,88],{"class":74},[60,14971,365],{"class":78},[60,14973,14843],{"class":82},[60,14975,356],{"class":78},[60,14977,3901],{"class":74},[60,14979,14980],{"class":1402}," 16",[60,14982,10306],{"class":74},[60,14984,14985,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,14986,14987],{"class":66},"Backup",[60,14989,3901],{"class":74},[60,14991,11488],{"class":74},[60,14993,356],{"class":78},[60,14995,13489],{"class":82},[60,14997,356],{"class":78},[60,14999,3901],{"class":74},[60,15001,365],{"class":78},[60,15003,13498],{"class":82},[60,15005,356],{"class":78},[60,15007,88],{"class":74},[60,15009,365],{"class":78},[60,15011,14843],{"class":82},[60,15013,356],{"class":78},[60,15015,3901],{"class":74},[60,15017,14850],{"class":1402},[60,15019,10306],{"class":74},[20,15021,15022,15023,3894,15029,123],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[551,15024,15026],{"href":15025},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,15027,15028],{},"dict.update()",[551,15030,15031],{"href":13818},[15,15032,12322],{},[46,15034,15036,15038],{"id":15035},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,15037,13771],{}," vs assignment",[20,15040,15041],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,15043,9413,15044,15046,15047,15049],{},[15,15045,71],{}," does ",[4753,15048,5632],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[415,15051,15053],{"id":15052},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[51,15055,15057],{"className":53,"code":15056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,15058,15059,15091,15100,15104,15124,15128,15146,15166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15060,15061,15063,15065,15067,15069,15071,15073,15075,15077,15079,15081,15083,15085,15087,15089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15062,13081],{"class":66},[60,15064,71],{"class":70},[60,15066,11488],{"class":74},[60,15068,79],{"class":78},[60,15070,3191],{"class":82},[60,15072,79],{"class":78},[60,15074,3901],{"class":74},[60,15076,6499],{"class":1402},[60,15078,88],{"class":74},[60,15080,91],{"class":78},[60,15082,785],{"class":82},[60,15084,79],{"class":78},[60,15086,3901],{"class":74},[60,15088,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15090,10306],{"class":74},[60,15092,15093,15096,15098],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15094,15095],{"class":66},"assigned ",[60,15097,71],{"class":70},[60,15099,13119],{"class":66},[60,15101,15102],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15103,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15105,15106,15109,15111,15113,15115,15117,15119,15121],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,15107,15108],{"class":66},"assigned",[60,15110,353],{"class":74},[60,15112,79],{"class":78},[60,15114,3191],{"class":82},[60,15116,79],{"class":78},[60,15118,14265],{"class":74},[60,15120,14268],{"class":70},[60,15122,15123],{"class":1402}," 99\n",[60,15125,15126],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,15127,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15129,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,15131,143],{"class":142},[60,15133,130],{"class":74},[60,15135,79],{"class":78},[60,15137,14286],{"class":82},[60,15139,79],{"class":78},[60,15141,88],{"class":74},[60,15143,13156],{"class":126},[60,15145,136],{"class":74},[60,15147,15148,15150,15152,15154,15157,15159,15161,15164],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,15149,143],{"class":142},[60,15151,130],{"class":74},[60,15153,79],{"class":78},[60,15155,15156],{"class":82},"Assigned:",[60,15158,79],{"class":78},[60,15160,88],{"class":74},[60,15162,15163],{"class":126}," assigned",[60,15165,136],{"class":74},[60,15167,15168,15170,15172,15174,15176,15178],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,15169,143],{"class":142},[60,15171,130],{"class":74},[60,15173,13081],{"class":126},[60,15175,94],{"class":2665},[60,15177,15163],{"class":126},[60,15179,136],{"class":74},[20,15181,15182],{},[4753,15183,153],{},[51,15185,15187],{"className":53,"code":15186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,15188,15189,15221,15254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15190,15191,15193,15195,15197,15199,15201,15203,15205,15207,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15192,14328],{"class":66},[60,15194,3901],{"class":74},[60,15196,11488],{"class":74},[60,15198,356],{"class":78},[60,15200,3191],{"class":82},[60,15202,356],{"class":78},[60,15204,3901],{"class":74},[60,15206,11194],{"class":1402},[60,15208,88],{"class":74},[60,15210,365],{"class":78},[60,15212,785],{"class":82},[60,15214,356],{"class":78},[60,15216,3901],{"class":74},[60,15218,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15220,10306],{"class":74},[60,15222,15223,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250,15252],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15224,15225],{"class":66},"Assigned",[60,15227,3901],{"class":74},[60,15229,11488],{"class":74},[60,15231,356],{"class":78},[60,15233,3191],{"class":82},[60,15235,356],{"class":78},[60,15237,3901],{"class":74},[60,15239,11194],{"class":1402},[60,15241,88],{"class":74},[60,15243,365],{"class":78},[60,15245,785],{"class":82},[60,15247,356],{"class":78},[60,15249,3901],{"class":74},[60,15251,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15253,10306],{"class":74},[60,15255,15256],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15257,4983],{"class":1611},[415,15259,9413,15261],{"id":15260},"using-copy",[15,15262,13771],{},[51,15264,15266],{"className":53,"code":15265,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,15267,15268,15300,15315,15319,15338,15342,15360,15380],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15269,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15271,13081],{"class":66},[60,15273,71],{"class":70},[60,15275,11488],{"class":74},[60,15277,79],{"class":78},[60,15279,3191],{"class":82},[60,15281,79],{"class":78},[60,15283,3901],{"class":74},[60,15285,6499],{"class":1402},[60,15287,88],{"class":74},[60,15289,91],{"class":78},[60,15291,785],{"class":82},[60,15293,79],{"class":78},[60,15295,3901],{"class":74},[60,15297,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15299,10306],{"class":74},[60,15301,15302,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15303,15304],{"class":66},"copied ",[60,15306,71],{"class":70},[60,15308,13156],{"class":66},[60,15310,123],{"class":74},[60,15312,13905],{"class":126},[60,15314,9640],{"class":74},[60,15316,15317],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15318,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15320,15321,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,15322,15323],{"class":66},"copied",[60,15325,353],{"class":74},[60,15327,79],{"class":78},[60,15329,3191],{"class":82},[60,15331,79],{"class":78},[60,15333,14265],{"class":74},[60,15335,14268],{"class":70},[60,15337,15123],{"class":1402},[60,15339,15340],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,15341,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15343,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15356,15358],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,15345,143],{"class":142},[60,15347,130],{"class":74},[60,15349,79],{"class":78},[60,15351,14286],{"class":82},[60,15353,79],{"class":78},[60,15355,88],{"class":74},[60,15357,13156],{"class":126},[60,15359,136],{"class":74},[60,15361,15362,15364,15366,15368,15371,15373,15375,15378],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,15363,143],{"class":142},[60,15365,130],{"class":74},[60,15367,79],{"class":78},[60,15369,15370],{"class":82},"Copied:",[60,15372,79],{"class":78},[60,15374,88],{"class":74},[60,15376,15377],{"class":126}," copied",[60,15379,136],{"class":74},[60,15381,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,15383,143],{"class":142},[60,15385,130],{"class":74},[60,15387,13081],{"class":126},[60,15389,94],{"class":2665},[60,15391,15377],{"class":126},[60,15393,136],{"class":74},[20,15395,15396],{},[4753,15397,153],{},[51,15399,15401],{"className":53,"code":15400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,15402,15403,15435,15468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15404,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15406,14328],{"class":66},[60,15408,3901],{"class":74},[60,15410,11488],{"class":74},[60,15412,356],{"class":78},[60,15414,3191],{"class":82},[60,15416,356],{"class":78},[60,15418,3901],{"class":74},[60,15420,6499],{"class":1402},[60,15422,88],{"class":74},[60,15424,365],{"class":78},[60,15426,785],{"class":82},[60,15428,356],{"class":78},[60,15430,3901],{"class":74},[60,15432,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15434,10306],{"class":74},[60,15436,15437,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15438,15439],{"class":66},"Copied",[60,15441,3901],{"class":74},[60,15443,11488],{"class":74},[60,15445,356],{"class":78},[60,15447,3191],{"class":82},[60,15449,356],{"class":78},[60,15451,3901],{"class":74},[60,15453,11194],{"class":1402},[60,15455,88],{"class":74},[60,15457,365],{"class":78},[60,15459,785],{"class":82},[60,15461,356],{"class":78},[60,15463,3901],{"class":74},[60,15465,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15467,10306],{"class":74},[60,15469,15470],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15471,5044],{"class":1611},[20,15473,15474],{},"Summary:",[33,15476,15477,15483],{},[36,15478,15479,15482],{},[15,15480,15481],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[36,15484,15485,15488],{},[15,15486,15487],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[46,15490,15492],{"id":15491},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,15494,15495,3901],{},[15,15496,13771],{},[33,15498,15499,15502,15505,15508],{},[36,15500,15501],{},"Returns a dictionary",[36,15503,15504],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[36,15506,15507],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[36,15509,15510],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,15512,236],{},[51,15514,15516],{"className":53,"code":15515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,15517,15518,15550,15566,15570,15588,15608,15612,15630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15519,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15521,10163],{"class":66},[60,15523,71],{"class":70},[60,15525,11488],{"class":74},[60,15527,79],{"class":78},[60,15529,551],{"class":82},[60,15531,79],{"class":78},[60,15533,3901],{"class":74},[60,15535,6499],{"class":1402},[60,15537,88],{"class":74},[60,15539,91],{"class":78},[60,15541,2258],{"class":82},[60,15543,79],{"class":78},[60,15545,3901],{"class":74},[60,15547,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15549,10306],{"class":74},[60,15551,15552,15555,15557,15560,15562,15564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15553,15554],{"class":66},"data_copy ",[60,15556,71],{"class":70},[60,15558,15559],{"class":66}," data",[60,15561,123],{"class":74},[60,15563,13905],{"class":126},[60,15565,9640],{"class":74},[60,15567,15568],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15569,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15571,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,15573,10202],{"class":66},[60,15575,353],{"class":74},[60,15577,79],{"class":78},[60,15579,551],{"class":82},[60,15581,79],{"class":78},[60,15583,14265],{"class":74},[60,15585,14268],{"class":70},[60,15587,3601],{"class":1402},[60,15589,15590,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,15591,15592],{"class":66},"data_copy",[60,15594,353],{"class":74},[60,15596,79],{"class":78},[60,15598,2258],{"class":82},[60,15600,79],{"class":78},[60,15602,14265],{"class":74},[60,15604,14268],{"class":70},[60,15606,15607],{"class":1402}," 20\n",[60,15609,15610],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,15611,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,15613,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,15615,143],{"class":142},[60,15617,130],{"class":74},[60,15619,79],{"class":78},[60,15621,14286],{"class":82},[60,15623,79],{"class":78},[60,15625,88],{"class":74},[60,15627,15559],{"class":126},[60,15629,136],{"class":74},[60,15631,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15647],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,15633,143],{"class":142},[60,15635,130],{"class":74},[60,15637,79],{"class":78},[60,15639,14305],{"class":82},[60,15641,79],{"class":78},[60,15643,88],{"class":74},[60,15645,15646],{"class":126}," data_copy",[60,15648,136],{"class":74},[20,15650,15651],{},[4753,15652,153],{},[51,15654,15656],{"className":53,"code":15655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,15657,15658,15690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15659,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15661,14328],{"class":66},[60,15663,3901],{"class":74},[60,15665,11488],{"class":74},[60,15667,356],{"class":78},[60,15669,551],{"class":82},[60,15671,356],{"class":78},[60,15673,3901],{"class":74},[60,15675,7005],{"class":1402},[60,15677,88],{"class":74},[60,15679,365],{"class":78},[60,15681,2258],{"class":82},[60,15683,356],{"class":78},[60,15685,3901],{"class":74},[60,15687,1437],{"class":1402},[60,15689,10306],{"class":74},[60,15691,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15693,14365],{"class":66},[60,15695,3901],{"class":74},[60,15697,11488],{"class":74},[60,15699,356],{"class":78},[60,15701,551],{"class":82},[60,15703,356],{"class":78},[60,15705,3901],{"class":74},[60,15707,6499],{"class":1402},[60,15709,88],{"class":74},[60,15711,365],{"class":78},[60,15713,2258],{"class":82},[60,15715,356],{"class":78},[60,15717,3901],{"class":74},[60,15719,1407],{"class":1402},[60,15721,10306],{"class":74},[46,15723,3845],{"id":3844},[20,15725,15726,15727,3901],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,15728,13429],{},[33,15730,15731,15738,15743,15748],{},[36,15732,9413,15733,2600,15735,15737],{},[15,15734,71],{},[15,15736,13771],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[36,15739,5580,15740,15742],{},[15,15741,13771],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[36,15744,15745,15746],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,15747,13771],{},[36,15749,15750],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,15752,15753],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[51,15755,15757],{"className":53,"code":15756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,15758,15759,15769,15779,15793,15816,15839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,15760,15761,15763,15765,15767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,15762,143],{"class":142},[60,15764,130],{"class":74},[60,15766,13128],{"class":126},[60,15768,136],{"class":74},[60,15770,15771,15773,15775,15777],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,15772,143],{"class":142},[60,15774,130],{"class":74},[60,15776,15323],{"class":126},[60,15778,136],{"class":74},[60,15780,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789,15791],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,15782,143],{"class":142},[60,15784,130],{"class":74},[60,15786,13081],{"class":126},[60,15788,94],{"class":2665},[60,15790,15377],{"class":126},[60,15792,136],{"class":74},[60,15794,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803,15805,15807,15810,15812,15814],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,15796,143],{"class":142},[60,15798,130],{"class":74},[60,15800,13644],{"class":142},[60,15802,130],{"class":74},[60,15804,13128],{"class":126},[60,15806,10231],{"class":74},[60,15808,15809],{"class":142}," id",[60,15811,130],{"class":74},[60,15813,15323],{"class":126},[60,15815,1042],{"class":74},[60,15817,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15835,15837],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,15819,143],{"class":142},[60,15821,130],{"class":74},[60,15823,13644],{"class":142},[60,15825,130],{"class":74},[60,15827,13128],{"class":126},[60,15829,353],{"class":74},[60,15831,79],{"class":78},[60,15833,15834],{"class":82},"key",[60,15836,79],{"class":78},[60,15838,2718],{"class":74},[60,15840,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,15842,143],{"class":142},[60,15844,130],{"class":74},[60,15846,13644],{"class":142},[60,15848,130],{"class":74},[60,15850,15323],{"class":126},[60,15852,353],{"class":74},[60,15854,79],{"class":78},[60,15856,15834],{"class":82},[60,15858,79],{"class":78},[60,15860,2718],{"class":74},[20,15862,15863],{},"What these help you check:",[33,15865,15866,15869,15872],{},[36,15867,15868],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[36,15870,15871],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[36,15873,15874],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15876,15877,15878,123],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[551,15879,15881],{"href":15880},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[46,15883,2804],{"id":2803},[415,15885,2808,15887,15889],{"id":15886},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15888,13429],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15891,15892],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[415,15894,15896,15897,15899],{"id":15895},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15898,13429],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15901,15902],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[415,15904,6180,15906,2360,15908,2863],{"id":15905},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15907,13771],{},[15,15909,71],{},[20,15911,15912,15914,15915,15917],{},[15,15913,13771],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15916,71],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[415,15919,15921],{"id":15920},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15923,15924],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[46,15926,2870],{"id":2869},[33,15928,15929,15933,15937,15941,15948,15954],{},[36,15930,15931],{},[551,15932,12238],{"href":14020},[36,15934,15935],{},[551,15936,10153],{"href":14017},[36,15938,15939],{},[551,15940,14783],{"href":14782},[36,15942,15943],{},[551,15944,11734,15945,2887],{"href":15025},[15,15946,15947],{},"update()",[36,15949,15950],{},[551,15951,11734,15952,2887],{"href":13818},[15,15953,12317],{},[36,15955,15956],{},[551,15957,15958],{"href":15880},"How to copy a list in Python",[2912,15960,15961],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":15963},[15964,15965,15967,15968,15969,15970,15972,15978,15979,15980,15989],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":13989,"depth":111,"text":15966},"What the copy() method does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":14425,"depth":111,"text":14426},{"id":14786,"depth":111,"text":15971},"When to use copy()",{"id":15035,"depth":111,"text":15973,"children":15974},"copy() vs assignment",[15975,15976],{"id":15052,"depth":139,"text":15053},{"id":15260,"depth":139,"text":15977},"Using copy()",{"id":15491,"depth":111,"text":15492},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":15981},[15982,15984,15986,15988],{"id":15886,"depth":139,"text":15983},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15895,"depth":139,"text":15985},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15905,"depth":139,"text":15987},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15920,"depth":139,"text":15921},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13824,"description":15990},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15997,"title":15998,"body":15999,"description":18197,"extension":2980,"meta":18198,"navigation":304,"path":14020,"seo":18199,"stem":18200,"__hash__":18201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":16000,"toc":18159},[16001,16004,16010,16019,16021,16097,16101,16150,16153,16157,16171,16174,16178,16191,16194,16227,16241,16244,16256,16260,16263,16271,16351,16355,16408,16412,16430,16432,16514,16517,16519,16522,16525,16548,16572,16576,16584,16587,16591,16600,16605,16663,16667,16700,16706,16712,16715,16769,16773,16823,16826,16832,16835,16843,16845,16890,16895,16904,16907,16910,16957,16959,16964,16967,17061,17065,17118,17121,17177,17180,17184,17187,17201,17205,17271,17275,17300,17303,17307,17385,17389,17392,17395,17415,17418,17471,17475,17478,17481,17494,17496,17585,17592,17595,17606,17608,17611,17631,17635,17638,17647,17650,17689,17693,17695,17704,17713,17715,17753,17757,17804,17808,17829,17833,17836,17948,17953,18051,18073,18075,18079,18086,18090,18096,18100,18103,18107,18110,18117,18125,18127,18153,18156],[10,16002,15998],{"id":16003},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,16005,16006,16007,16009],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[4753,16008,10129],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,16011,16012,16013,3894,16015,123],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[551,16014,10153],{"href":10152},[551,16016,16018],{"href":16017},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[46,16020,3022],{"id":3021},[51,16022,16024],{"className":53,"code":16023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16025,16026,16034,16052,16066,16079,16083,16087],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16027,16028,16030,16032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16029,13858],{"class":66},[60,16031,71],{"class":70},[60,16033,12488],{"class":74},[60,16035,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048,16050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16037,12493],{"class":78},[60,16039,8666],{"class":82},[60,16041,79],{"class":78},[60,16043,3901],{"class":74},[60,16045,91],{"class":78},[60,16047,463],{"class":82},[60,16049,79],{"class":78},[60,16051,12509],{"class":74},[60,16053,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16055,12493],{"class":78},[60,16057,10296],{"class":82},[60,16059,79],{"class":78},[60,16061,3901],{"class":74},[60,16063,1407],{"class":1402},[60,16065,12509],{"class":74},[60,16067,16068,16070,16073,16075,16077],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,16069,12493],{"class":78},[60,16071,16072],{"class":82},"is_active",[60,16074,79],{"class":78},[60,16076,3901],{"class":74},[60,16078,7422],{"class":1611},[60,16080,16081],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,16082,10306],{"class":74},[60,16084,16085],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,16086,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,16088,16089,16091,16093,16095],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,16090,143],{"class":142},[60,16092,130],{"class":74},[60,16094,14618],{"class":126},[60,16096,136],{"class":74},[20,16098,16099],{},[4753,16100,153],{},[51,16102,16104],{"className":53,"code":16103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,16105,16106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16107,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118,16120,16122,16124,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16109,10275],{"class":74},[60,16111,356],{"class":78},[60,16113,8666],{"class":82},[60,16115,356],{"class":78},[60,16117,3901],{"class":74},[60,16119,365],{"class":78},[60,16121,463],{"class":82},[60,16123,356],{"class":78},[60,16125,88],{"class":74},[60,16127,365],{"class":78},[60,16129,10296],{"class":82},[60,16131,356],{"class":78},[60,16133,3901],{"class":74},[60,16135,1407],{"class":1402},[60,16137,88],{"class":74},[60,16139,365],{"class":78},[60,16141,16072],{"class":82},[60,16143,356],{"class":78},[60,16145,3901],{"class":74},[60,16147,4919],{"class":1611},[60,16149,10306],{"class":74},[20,16151,16152],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[46,16154,16156],{"id":16155},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[33,16158,16159,16162,16165,16168],{},[36,16160,16161],{},"What a dictionary is",[36,16163,16164],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[36,16166,16167],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[36,16169,16170],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[46,16172,16161],{"id":16173},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,16175,10126,16176,123],{},[4753,16177,10129],{},[33,16179,16180,16186],{},[36,16181,16182,16183,16185],{},"A ",[4753,16184,15834],{}," is the label",[36,16187,16182,16188,16190],{},[4753,16189,3487],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,16192,16193],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[51,16195,16197],{"className":53,"code":16196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,16198,16199,16207,16223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16200,16201,16203,16205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16202,13858],{"class":66},[60,16204,71],{"class":70},[60,16206,12488],{"class":74},[60,16208,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16210,12493],{"class":78},[60,16212,8666],{"class":82},[60,16214,79],{"class":78},[60,16216,3901],{"class":74},[60,16218,91],{"class":78},[60,16220,463],{"class":82},[60,16222,2389],{"class":78},[60,16224,16225],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16226,10306],{"class":74},[33,16228,16229,16235],{},[36,16230,16231,16234],{},[15,16232,16233],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[36,16236,16237,16240],{},[15,16238,16239],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,16242,16243],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[33,16245,16246,16248,16250,16253],{},[36,16247,8666],{},[36,16249,10296],{},[36,16251,16252],{},"email",[36,16254,16255],{},"country",[46,16257,16259],{"id":16258},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,16261,16262],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,16264,171,16265,16267,16268,123],{},[15,16266,4802],{}," and write each item as ",[15,16269,16270],{},"key: value",[51,16272,16274],{"className":53,"code":16273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16275,16276,16284,16302,16316,16333,16337,16341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16277,16278,16280,16282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16279,13858],{"class":66},[60,16281,71],{"class":70},[60,16283,12488],{"class":74},[60,16285,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16287,12493],{"class":78},[60,16289,8666],{"class":82},[60,16291,79],{"class":78},[60,16293,3901],{"class":74},[60,16295,91],{"class":78},[60,16297,463],{"class":82},[60,16299,79],{"class":78},[60,16301,12509],{"class":74},[60,16303,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16305,12493],{"class":78},[60,16307,10296],{"class":82},[60,16309,79],{"class":78},[60,16311,3901],{"class":74},[60,16313,1407],{"class":1402},[60,16315,12509],{"class":74},[60,16317,16318,16320,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,16319,12493],{"class":78},[60,16321,16322],{"class":82},"course",[60,16324,79],{"class":78},[60,16326,3901],{"class":74},[60,16328,91],{"class":78},[60,16330,83],{"class":82},[60,16332,2389],{"class":78},[60,16334,16335],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,16336,10306],{"class":74},[60,16338,16339],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,16340,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,16342,16343,16345,16347,16349],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,16344,143],{"class":142},[60,16346,130],{"class":74},[60,16348,14618],{"class":126},[60,16350,136],{"class":74},[20,16352,16353],{},[4753,16354,153],{},[51,16356,16358],{"className":53,"code":16357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,16359,16360],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16361,16362,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16363,10275],{"class":74},[60,16365,356],{"class":78},[60,16367,8666],{"class":82},[60,16369,356],{"class":78},[60,16371,3901],{"class":74},[60,16373,365],{"class":78},[60,16375,463],{"class":82},[60,16377,356],{"class":78},[60,16379,88],{"class":74},[60,16381,365],{"class":78},[60,16383,10296],{"class":82},[60,16385,356],{"class":78},[60,16387,3901],{"class":74},[60,16389,1407],{"class":1402},[60,16391,88],{"class":74},[60,16393,365],{"class":78},[60,16395,16322],{"class":82},[60,16397,356],{"class":78},[60,16399,3901],{"class":74},[60,16401,365],{"class":78},[60,16403,83],{"class":82},[60,16405,356],{"class":78},[60,16407,10306],{"class":74},[415,16409,16411],{"id":16410},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[33,16413,16414,16419,16424,16427],{},[36,16415,171,16416,16418],{},[15,16417,4802],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[36,16420,16421,16422],{},"Write each item as ",[15,16423,16270],{},[36,16425,16426],{},"Separate items with commas",[36,16428,16429],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,16431,236],{},[51,16433,16435],{"className":53,"code":16434,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,16436,16437,16446,16466,16482,16495,16499,16503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16438,16439,16442,16444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16440,16441],{"class":66},"book ",[60,16443,71],{"class":70},[60,16445,12488],{"class":74},[60,16447,16448,16450,16453,16455,16457,16459,16462,16464],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16449,12493],{"class":78},[60,16451,16452],{"class":82},"title",[60,16454,79],{"class":78},[60,16456,3901],{"class":74},[60,16458,91],{"class":78},[60,16460,16461],{"class":82},"Python Basics",[60,16463,79],{"class":78},[60,16465,12509],{"class":74},[60,16467,16468,16470,16473,16475,16477,16480],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16469,12493],{"class":78},[60,16471,16472],{"class":82},"pages",[60,16474,79],{"class":78},[60,16476,3901],{"class":74},[60,16478,16479],{"class":1402}," 150",[60,16481,12509],{"class":74},[60,16483,16484,16486,16489,16491,16493],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,16485,12493],{"class":78},[60,16487,16488],{"class":82},"available",[60,16490,79],{"class":78},[60,16492,3901],{"class":74},[60,16494,7422],{"class":1611},[60,16496,16497],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,16498,10306],{"class":74},[60,16500,16501],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,16502,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,16504,16505,16507,16509,16512],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,16506,143],{"class":142},[60,16508,130],{"class":74},[60,16510,16511],{"class":126},"book",[60,16513,136],{"class":74},[20,16515,16516],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[46,16518,10400],{"id":10399},[20,16520,16521],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,16523,16524],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[51,16526,16528],{"className":53,"code":16527,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16529,16530,16538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16531,16532,16534,16536],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16533,10163],{"class":66},[60,16535,71],{"class":70},[60,16537,10835],{"class":74},[60,16539,16540,16542,16544,16546],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16541,143],{"class":142},[60,16543,130],{"class":74},[60,16545,10202],{"class":126},[60,16547,136],{"class":74},[51,16549,16550],{"className":53,"code":10403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,16551,16552,16562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16553,16554,16556,16558,16560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16555,10163],{"class":66},[60,16557,71],{"class":70},[60,16559,10168],{"class":1527},[60,16561,9640],{"class":74},[60,16563,16564,16566,16568,16570],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16565,143],{"class":142},[60,16567,130],{"class":74},[60,16569,10202],{"class":126},[60,16571,136],{"class":74},[20,16573,16574],{},[4753,16575,153],{},[51,16577,16578],{"className":53,"code":10432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,16579,16580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16581,16582],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16583,10432],{"class":74},[20,16585,16586],{},"Both are correct.",[415,16588,16590],{"id":16589},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,16592,16593,16595,16596,16599],{},[15,16594,4802],{}," creates an empty ",[4753,16597,16598],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,16601,16602,16603,123],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,16604,4807],{},[51,16606,16608],{"className":53,"code":16607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,16609,16610,16618,16630,16634,16648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16611,16612,16614,16616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16613,12720],{"class":66},[60,16615,71],{"class":70},[60,16617,10835],{"class":74},[60,16619,16620,16623,16625,16628],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16621,16622],{"class":66},"my_set ",[60,16624,71],{"class":70},[60,16626,16627],{"class":1527}," set",[60,16629,9640],{"class":74},[60,16631,16632],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16633,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,16635,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,16637,143],{"class":142},[60,16639,130],{"class":74},[60,16641,2629],{"class":1527},[60,16643,130],{"class":74},[60,16645,12445],{"class":126},[60,16647,1042],{"class":74},[60,16649,16650,16652,16654,16656,16658,16661],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,16651,143],{"class":142},[60,16653,130],{"class":74},[60,16655,2629],{"class":1527},[60,16657,130],{"class":74},[60,16659,16660],{"class":126},"my_set",[60,16662,1042],{"class":74},[20,16664,16665],{},[4753,16666,153],{},[51,16668,16670],{"className":53,"code":16669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,16671,16672,16686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16673,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16675,4304],{"class":70},[60,16677,4307],{"class":3082},[60,16679,365],{"class":78},[60,16681,9819],{"class":82},[60,16683,356],{"class":78},[60,16685,4316],{"class":70},[60,16687,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16689,4304],{"class":70},[60,16691,4307],{"class":3082},[60,16693,365],{"class":78},[60,16695,7285],{"class":82},[60,16697,356],{"class":78},[60,16699,4316],{"class":70},[46,16701,16703,16704],{"id":16702},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,16705,10117],{},[20,16707,16708,16709,16711],{},"You can also use ",[15,16710,10117],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,16713,16714],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[51,16716,16718],{"className":53,"code":16717,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,16719,16720,16759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16721,16722,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16744,16746,16748,16750,16753,16755,16757],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16723,13858],{"class":66},[60,16725,71],{"class":70},[60,16727,10168],{"class":1527},[60,16729,130],{"class":74},[60,16731,8666],{"class":10173},[60,16733,71],{"class":70},[60,16735,79],{"class":78},[60,16737,463],{"class":82},[60,16739,79],{"class":78},[60,16741,88],{"class":74},[60,16743,10186],{"class":10173},[60,16745,71],{"class":70},[60,16747,1354],{"class":1402},[60,16749,88],{"class":74},[60,16751,16752],{"class":10173}," active",[60,16754,71],{"class":70},[60,16756,4616],{"class":1611},[60,16758,136],{"class":74},[60,16760,16761,16763,16765,16767],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16762,143],{"class":142},[60,16764,130],{"class":74},[60,16766,14618],{"class":126},[60,16768,136],{"class":74},[20,16770,16771],{},[4753,16772,153],{},[51,16774,16776],{"className":53,"code":16775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16777,16778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16794,16796,16798,16800,16802,16804,16806,16808,16810,16812,16815,16817,16819,16821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16781,10275],{"class":74},[60,16783,356],{"class":78},[60,16785,8666],{"class":82},[60,16787,356],{"class":78},[60,16789,3901],{"class":74},[60,16791,365],{"class":78},[60,16793,463],{"class":82},[60,16795,356],{"class":78},[60,16797,88],{"class":74},[60,16799,365],{"class":78},[60,16801,10296],{"class":82},[60,16803,356],{"class":78},[60,16805,3901],{"class":74},[60,16807,1407],{"class":1402},[60,16809,88],{"class":74},[60,16811,365],{"class":78},[60,16813,16814],{"class":82},"active",[60,16816,356],{"class":78},[60,16818,3901],{"class":74},[60,16820,4919],{"class":1611},[60,16822,10306],{"class":74},[20,16824,16825],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[415,16827,16829,16830],{"id":16828},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16831,10117],{},[20,16833,16834],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[33,16836,16837,16840],{},[36,16838,16839],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[36,16841,16842],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16844,7686],{},[51,16846,16848],{"className":53,"code":16847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16849,16850,16880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16851,16852,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876,16878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16853,12483],{"class":66},[60,16855,71],{"class":70},[60,16857,10168],{"class":1527},[60,16859,130],{"class":74},[60,16861,8666],{"class":10173},[60,16863,71],{"class":70},[60,16865,79],{"class":78},[60,16867,1781],{"class":82},[60,16869,79],{"class":78},[60,16871,88],{"class":74},[60,16873,10186],{"class":10173},[60,16875,71],{"class":70},[60,16877,10191],{"class":1402},[60,16879,136],{"class":74},[60,16881,16882,16884,16886,16888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16883,143],{"class":142},[60,16885,130],{"class":74},[60,16887,12577],{"class":126},[60,16889,136],{"class":74},[20,16891,5629,16892,16894],{},[4753,16893,5632],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[51,16896,16898],{"className":53,"code":16897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16899,16900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16901,16902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16903,16897],{"class":4674},[20,16905,16906],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16908,16909],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[51,16911,16913],{"className":53,"code":16912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16914,16915,16923,16939,16943,16947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16916,16917,16919,16921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16918,12483],{"class":66},[60,16920,71],{"class":70},[60,16922,12488],{"class":74},[60,16924,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,16926,12493],{"class":78},[60,16928,11493],{"class":82},[60,16930,79],{"class":78},[60,16932,3901],{"class":74},[60,16934,91],{"class":78},[60,16936,1781],{"class":82},[60,16938,2389],{"class":78},[60,16940,16941],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,16942,10306],{"class":74},[60,16944,16945],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,16946,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,16948,16949,16951,16953,16955],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,16950,143],{"class":142},[60,16952,130],{"class":74},[60,16954,12577],{"class":126},[60,16956,136],{"class":74},[46,16958,10442],{"id":10441},[20,16960,16961,16963],{},[15,16962,10117],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16965,16966],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[51,16968,16970],{"className":53,"code":16969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16971,16972,17029,17033,17047,17051],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,16973,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17025,17027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,16975,10213],{"class":66},[60,16977,71],{"class":70},[60,16979,10218],{"class":74},[60,16981,79],{"class":78},[60,16983,8666],{"class":82},[60,16985,79],{"class":78},[60,16987,88],{"class":74},[60,16989,91],{"class":78},[60,16991,463],{"class":82},[60,16993,79],{"class":78},[60,16995,10231],{"class":74},[60,16997,1776],{"class":74},[60,16999,79],{"class":78},[60,17001,10296],{"class":82},[60,17003,79],{"class":78},[60,17005,88],{"class":74},[60,17007,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17009,10231],{"class":74},[60,17011,1776],{"class":74},[60,17013,79],{"class":78},[60,17015,11406],{"class":82},[60,17017,79],{"class":78},[60,17019,88],{"class":74},[60,17021,91],{"class":78},[60,17023,17024],{"class":82},"Lima",[60,17026,79],{"class":78},[60,17028,10246],{"class":74},[60,17030,17031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17032,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17034,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17036,13858],{"class":66},[60,17038,71],{"class":70},[60,17040,10168],{"class":1527},[60,17042,130],{"class":74},[60,17044,10259],{"class":126},[60,17046,136],{"class":74},[60,17048,17049],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17050,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17052,17053,17055,17057,17059],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17054,143],{"class":142},[60,17056,130],{"class":74},[60,17058,14618],{"class":126},[60,17060,136],{"class":74},[20,17062,17063],{},[4753,17064,153],{},[51,17066,17068],{"className":53,"code":17067,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,17069,17070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17071,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17073,10275],{"class":74},[60,17075,356],{"class":78},[60,17077,8666],{"class":82},[60,17079,356],{"class":78},[60,17081,3901],{"class":74},[60,17083,365],{"class":78},[60,17085,463],{"class":82},[60,17087,356],{"class":78},[60,17089,88],{"class":74},[60,17091,365],{"class":78},[60,17093,10296],{"class":82},[60,17095,356],{"class":78},[60,17097,3901],{"class":74},[60,17099,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17101,88],{"class":74},[60,17103,365],{"class":78},[60,17105,11406],{"class":82},[60,17107,356],{"class":78},[60,17109,3901],{"class":74},[60,17111,365],{"class":78},[60,17113,17024],{"class":82},[60,17115,356],{"class":78},[60,17117,10306],{"class":74},[20,17119,17120],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[51,17122,17124],{"className":53,"code":17123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,17125,17126,17167],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17127,17128,17130,17132,17134,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17129,13858],{"class":66},[60,17131,71],{"class":70},[60,17133,10168],{"class":1527},[60,17135,17136],{"class":74},"(((",[60,17138,79],{"class":78},[60,17140,8666],{"class":82},[60,17142,79],{"class":78},[60,17144,88],{"class":74},[60,17146,91],{"class":78},[60,17148,463],{"class":82},[60,17150,79],{"class":78},[60,17152,10231],{"class":74},[60,17154,1776],{"class":74},[60,17156,79],{"class":78},[60,17158,10296],{"class":82},[60,17160,79],{"class":78},[60,17162,88],{"class":74},[60,17164,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17166,1992],{"class":74},[60,17168,17169,17171,17173,17175],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17170,143],{"class":142},[60,17172,130],{"class":74},[60,17174,14618],{"class":126},[60,17176,136],{"class":74},[20,17178,17179],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[46,17181,17183],{"id":17182},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,17185,17186],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[33,17188,17189,17192,17195,17198],{},[36,17190,17191],{},"Keys must be unique",[36,17193,17194],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[36,17196,17197],{},"Values can repeat",[36,17199,17200],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[415,17202,17204],{"id":17203},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[51,17206,17208],{"className":53,"code":17207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17209,17210,17218,17236,17253,17257,17261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17211,17212,17214,17216],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17213,10163],{"class":66},[60,17215,71],{"class":70},[60,17217,12488],{"class":74},[60,17219,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17221,12493],{"class":78},[60,17223,8666],{"class":82},[60,17225,79],{"class":78},[60,17227,3901],{"class":74},[60,17229,91],{"class":78},[60,17231,463],{"class":82},[60,17233,79],{"class":78},[60,17235,12509],{"class":74},[60,17237,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17251],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17239,12493],{"class":78},[60,17241,8666],{"class":82},[60,17243,79],{"class":78},[60,17245,3901],{"class":74},[60,17247,91],{"class":78},[60,17249,17250],{"class":82},"Maria",[60,17252,2389],{"class":78},[60,17254,17255],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17256,10306],{"class":74},[60,17258,17259],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17260,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17262,17263,17265,17267,17269],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,17264,143],{"class":142},[60,17266,130],{"class":74},[60,17268,10202],{"class":126},[60,17270,136],{"class":74},[20,17272,17273],{},[4753,17274,153],{},[51,17276,17278],{"className":53,"code":17277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,17279,17280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17281,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17283,10275],{"class":74},[60,17285,356],{"class":78},[60,17287,8666],{"class":82},[60,17289,356],{"class":78},[60,17291,3901],{"class":74},[60,17293,365],{"class":78},[60,17295,17250],{"class":82},[60,17297,356],{"class":78},[60,17299,10306],{"class":74},[20,17301,17302],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[415,17304,17306],{"id":17305},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[51,17308,17310],{"className":53,"code":17309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17311,17312,17320,17336,17352,17366,17370,17374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17313,17314,17316,17318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17315,6064],{"class":66},[60,17317,71],{"class":70},[60,17319,12488],{"class":74},[60,17321,17322,17325,17327,17329,17332,17334],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17323,17324],{"class":1402},"    1",[60,17326,3901],{"class":74},[60,17328,91],{"class":78},[60,17330,17331],{"class":82},"low",[60,17333,79],{"class":78},[60,17335,12509],{"class":74},[60,17337,17338,17341,17343,17345,17348,17350],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17339,17340],{"class":1402},"    2",[60,17342,3901],{"class":74},[60,17344,91],{"class":78},[60,17346,17347],{"class":82},"medium",[60,17349,79],{"class":78},[60,17351,12509],{"class":74},[60,17353,17354,17357,17359,17361,17364],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17355,17356],{"class":1402},"    3",[60,17358,3901],{"class":74},[60,17360,91],{"class":78},[60,17362,17363],{"class":82},"high",[60,17365,2389],{"class":78},[60,17367,17368],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17369,10306],{"class":74},[60,17371,17372],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,17373,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17375,17376,17378,17380,17383],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,17377,143],{"class":142},[60,17379,130],{"class":74},[60,17381,17382],{"class":126},"scores",[60,17384,136],{"class":74},[415,17386,17388],{"id":17387},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,17390,17391],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,17393,17394],{},"This will cause an error:",[51,17396,17398],{"className":53,"code":17397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,17399,17400,17405,17410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17401,17402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17403,17404],{"class":4674},"# bad = {\n",[60,17406,17407],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17408,17409],{"class":4674},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[60,17411,17412],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17413,17414],{"class":4674},"# }\n",[20,17416,17417],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[51,17419,17421],{"className":53,"code":17420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,17422,17423,17432,17452,17456,17460],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17424,17425,17428,17430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17426,17427],{"class":66},"good ",[60,17429,71],{"class":70},[60,17431,12488],{"class":74},[60,17433,17434,17437,17439,17441,17443,17446,17448,17450],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17435,17436],{"class":74},"    (",[60,17438,1432],{"class":1402},[60,17440,88],{"class":74},[60,17442,1437],{"class":1402},[60,17444,17445],{"class":74},"):",[60,17447,91],{"class":78},[60,17449,4659],{"class":82},[60,17451,2389],{"class":78},[60,17453,17454],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17455,10306],{"class":74},[60,17457,17458],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17459,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17461,17462,17464,17466,17469],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17463,143],{"class":142},[60,17465,130],{"class":74},[60,17467,17468],{"class":126},"good",[60,17470,136],{"class":74},[46,17472,17474],{"id":17473},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,17476,17477],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,17479,17480],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[33,17482,17483,17486,17488,17491],{},[36,17484,17485],{},"user data",[36,17487,14877],{},[36,17489,17490],{},"counters",[36,17492,17493],{},"lookups",[20,17495,236],{},[51,17497,17499],{"className":53,"code":17498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,17500,17501,17509,17528,17547,17559,17563,17567],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17502,17503,17505,17507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17504,12483],{"class":66},[60,17506,71],{"class":70},[60,17508,12488],{"class":74},[60,17510,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17524,17526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17512,12493],{"class":78},[60,17514,8980],{"class":82},[60,17516,79],{"class":78},[60,17518,3901],{"class":74},[60,17520,91],{"class":78},[60,17522,17523],{"class":82},"ana123",[60,17525,79],{"class":78},[60,17527,12509],{"class":74},[60,17529,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17543,17545],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17531,12493],{"class":78},[60,17533,16252],{"class":82},[60,17535,79],{"class":78},[60,17537,3901],{"class":74},[60,17539,91],{"class":78},[60,17541,17542],{"class":82},"ana@example.com",[60,17544,79],{"class":78},[60,17546,12509],{"class":74},[60,17548,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17550,12493],{"class":78},[60,17552,13509],{"class":82},[60,17554,79],{"class":78},[60,17556,3901],{"class":74},[60,17558,7422],{"class":1611},[60,17560,17561],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17562,10306],{"class":74},[60,17564,17565],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,17566,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17568,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,17570,143],{"class":142},[60,17572,130],{"class":74},[60,17574,12577],{"class":126},[60,17576,353],{"class":74},[60,17578,79],{"class":78},[60,17580,16252],{"class":82},[60,17582,79],{"class":78},[60,17584,2677],{"class":74},[20,17586,17587,17588,123],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[551,17589,17591],{"href":17590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,17593,17594],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[33,17596,17597,17600,17603],{},[36,17598,17599],{},"labels are not needed",[36,17601,17602],{},"you mostly care about position",[36,17604,17605],{},"order matters more than named fields",[46,17607,3845],{"id":3844},[20,17609,17610],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[33,17612,17613,17616,17619,17622,17625],{},[36,17614,17615],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[36,17617,17618],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[36,17620,17621],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[36,17623,17624],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[36,17626,17627,17628,17630],{},"Mixing up ",[15,17629,4802],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[415,17632,17634],{"id":17633},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,17636,17637],{},"Wrong:",[51,17639,17641],{"className":53,"code":17640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17642,17643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17644,17645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17646,17640],{"class":4674},[20,17648,17649],{},"Correct:",[51,17651,17653],{"className":53,"code":17652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,17654,17655,17679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17656,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17658,13858],{"class":66},[60,17660,71],{"class":70},[60,17662,11488],{"class":74},[60,17664,79],{"class":78},[60,17666,8666],{"class":82},[60,17668,79],{"class":78},[60,17670,3901],{"class":74},[60,17672,91],{"class":78},[60,17674,463],{"class":82},[60,17676,79],{"class":78},[60,17678,10306],{"class":74},[60,17680,17681,17683,17685,17687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17682,143],{"class":142},[60,17684,130],{"class":74},[60,17686,14618],{"class":126},[60,17688,136],{"class":74},[415,17690,17692],{"id":17691},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,17694,17637],{},[51,17696,17698],{"className":53,"code":17697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,17699,17700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17701,17702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17703,17697],{"class":4674},[20,17705,17706,17707,17709,17710,17712],{},"This only works if ",[15,17708,8666],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,17711,16233],{},", use quotes.",[20,17714,17649],{},[51,17716,17717],{"className":53,"code":17652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,17718,17719,17743],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17720,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17722,13858],{"class":66},[60,17724,71],{"class":70},[60,17726,11488],{"class":74},[60,17728,79],{"class":78},[60,17730,8666],{"class":82},[60,17732,79],{"class":78},[60,17734,3901],{"class":74},[60,17736,91],{"class":78},[60,17738,463],{"class":82},[60,17740,79],{"class":78},[60,17742,10306],{"class":74},[60,17744,17745,17747,17749,17751],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17746,143],{"class":142},[60,17748,130],{"class":74},[60,17750,14618],{"class":126},[60,17752,136],{"class":74},[415,17754,17756],{"id":17755},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[51,17758,17760],{"className":53,"code":17759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17761,17762,17794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17763,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17765,10163],{"class":66},[60,17767,71],{"class":70},[60,17769,11488],{"class":74},[60,17771,79],{"class":78},[60,17773,10296],{"class":82},[60,17775,79],{"class":78},[60,17777,3901],{"class":74},[60,17779,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17781,88],{"class":74},[60,17783,91],{"class":78},[60,17785,10296],{"class":82},[60,17787,79],{"class":78},[60,17789,3901],{"class":74},[60,17791,8791],{"class":1402},[60,17793,10306],{"class":74},[60,17795,17796,17798,17800,17802],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17797,143],{"class":142},[60,17799,130],{"class":74},[60,17801,10202],{"class":126},[60,17803,136],{"class":74},[20,17805,17806],{},[4753,17807,153],{},[51,17809,17811],{"className":53,"code":17810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17812,17813],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17814,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17816,10275],{"class":74},[60,17818,356],{"class":78},[60,17820,10296],{"class":82},[60,17822,356],{"class":78},[60,17824,3901],{"class":74},[60,17826,8791],{"class":1402},[60,17828,10306],{"class":74},[46,17830,17832],{"id":17831},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17834,17835],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[51,17837,17839],{"className":53,"code":17838,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17840,17841,17877,17881,17891,17905,17920,17934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17842,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17844,12720],{"class":66},[60,17846,71],{"class":70},[60,17848,11488],{"class":74},[60,17850,79],{"class":78},[60,17852,8666],{"class":82},[60,17854,79],{"class":78},[60,17856,3901],{"class":74},[60,17858,91],{"class":78},[60,17860,463],{"class":82},[60,17862,79],{"class":78},[60,17864,88],{"class":74},[60,17866,91],{"class":78},[60,17868,10296],{"class":82},[60,17870,79],{"class":78},[60,17872,3901],{"class":74},[60,17874,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17876,10306],{"class":74},[60,17878,17879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17880,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,17882,17883,17885,17887,17889],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,17884,143],{"class":142},[60,17886,130],{"class":74},[60,17888,12445],{"class":126},[60,17890,136],{"class":74},[60,17892,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,17894,143],{"class":142},[60,17896,130],{"class":74},[60,17898,2629],{"class":1527},[60,17900,130],{"class":74},[60,17902,12445],{"class":126},[60,17904,1042],{"class":74},[60,17906,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17918],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,17908,143],{"class":142},[60,17910,130],{"class":74},[60,17912,12445],{"class":126},[60,17914,123],{"class":74},[60,17916,17917],{"class":126},"keys",[60,17919,8193],{"class":74},[60,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,17923,143],{"class":142},[60,17925,130],{"class":74},[60,17927,12445],{"class":126},[60,17929,123],{"class":74},[60,17931,1388],{"class":126},[60,17933,8193],{"class":74},[60,17935,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17946],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,17937,143],{"class":142},[60,17939,130],{"class":74},[60,17941,12157],{"class":142},[60,17943,130],{"class":74},[60,17945,12445],{"class":126},[60,17947,1042],{"class":74},[20,17949,17950],{},[4753,17951,17952],{},"Example output:",[51,17954,17956],{"className":53,"code":17955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17957,17958,17990,18004,18027,18046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,17959,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,17961,10275],{"class":74},[60,17963,356],{"class":78},[60,17965,8666],{"class":82},[60,17967,356],{"class":78},[60,17969,3901],{"class":74},[60,17971,365],{"class":78},[60,17973,463],{"class":82},[60,17975,356],{"class":78},[60,17977,88],{"class":74},[60,17979,365],{"class":78},[60,17981,10296],{"class":82},[60,17983,356],{"class":78},[60,17985,3901],{"class":74},[60,17987,1407],{"class":1402},[60,17989,10306],{"class":74},[60,17991,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,17993,4304],{"class":70},[60,17995,4307],{"class":3082},[60,17997,365],{"class":78},[60,17999,9819],{"class":82},[60,18001,356],{"class":78},[60,18003,4316],{"class":70},[60,18005,18006,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18007,18008],{"class":126},"dict_keys",[60,18010,2652],{"class":74},[60,18012,356],{"class":78},[60,18014,8666],{"class":82},[60,18016,356],{"class":78},[60,18018,88],{"class":74},[60,18020,365],{"class":78},[60,18022,10296],{"class":82},[60,18024,356],{"class":78},[60,18026,2677],{"class":74},[60,18028,18029,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18030,18031],{"class":126},"dict_values",[60,18033,2652],{"class":74},[60,18035,356],{"class":78},[60,18037,463],{"class":82},[60,18039,356],{"class":78},[60,18041,88],{"class":74},[60,18043,1407],{"class":1402},[60,18045,2677],{"class":74},[60,18047,18048],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,18049,18050],{"class":1402},"2\n",[20,18052,18053,18054,287,18060,18066,18067,123],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[551,18055,11734,18057],{"href":18056},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,18058,18059],{},"keys()",[551,18061,11734,18063],{"href":18062},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,18064,18065],{},"values()",", and ",[551,18068,11734,18070],{"href":18069},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,18071,18072],{},"items()",[46,18074,2804],{"id":2803},[415,18076,18078],{"id":18077},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,18080,171,18081,3894,18083,18085],{},[15,18082,4802],{},[15,18084,10117],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[415,18087,18089],{"id":18088},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,18091,18092,18093,123],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,18094,18095],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[415,18097,18099],{"id":18098},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,18101,18102],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[415,18104,18106],{"id":18105},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,18108,18109],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[415,18111,6180,18113,2360,18115,2863],{"id":18112},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,18114,4802],{},[15,18116,10117],{},[20,18118,18119,18121,18122,18124],{},[15,18120,4802],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,18123,10117],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[46,18126,2870],{"id":2869},[33,18128,18129,18133,18139,18143,18149],{},[36,18130,18131],{},[551,18132,10153],{"href":10152},[36,18134,18135],{},[551,18136,11734,18137,2887],{"href":11733},[15,18138,11737],{},[36,18140,18141],{},[551,18142,12247],{"href":11728},[36,18144,18145],{},[551,18146,18148],{"href":18147},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[36,18150,18151],{},[551,18152,12258],{"href":12070},[20,18154,18155],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2912,18157,18158],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":18160},[18161,18162,18163,18164,18167,18170,18175,18176,18181,18182,18187,18188,18196],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":16173,"depth":111,"text":16161},{"id":16258,"depth":111,"text":16259,"children":18165},[18166],{"id":16410,"depth":139,"text":16411},{"id":10399,"depth":111,"text":10400,"children":18168},[18169],{"id":16589,"depth":139,"text":16590},{"id":16702,"depth":111,"text":18171,"children":18172},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[18173],{"id":16828,"depth":139,"text":18174},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":10441,"depth":111,"text":10442},{"id":17182,"depth":111,"text":17183,"children":18177},[18178,18179,18180],{"id":17203,"depth":139,"text":17204},{"id":17305,"depth":139,"text":17306},{"id":17387,"depth":139,"text":17388},{"id":17473,"depth":111,"text":17474},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":18183},[18184,18185,18186],{"id":17633,"depth":139,"text":17634},{"id":17691,"depth":139,"text":17692},{"id":17755,"depth":139,"text":17756},{"id":17831,"depth":111,"text":17832},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":18189},[18190,18191,18192,18193,18194],{"id":18077,"depth":139,"text":18078},{"id":18088,"depth":139,"text":18089},{"id":18098,"depth":139,"text":18099},{"id":18105,"depth":139,"text":18106},{"id":18112,"depth":139,"text":18195},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15998,"description":18197},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":18203,"title":18204,"body":18205,"description":20654,"extension":2980,"meta":20655,"navigation":304,"path":20656,"seo":20657,"stem":20658,"__hash__":20659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":18206,"toc":20610},[18207,18213,18219,18222,18225,18227,18309,18315,18320,18324,18342,18354,18359,18363,18386,18390,18402,18410,18414,18420,18422,18425,18498,18500,18545,18547,18564,18569,18575,18580,18654,18656,18701,18704,18715,18717,18836,18838,18891,18898,18902,18905,18922,18928,18932,19030,19032,19084,19091,19095,19101,19104,19107,19134,19139,19143,19146,19250,19252,19297,19300,19303,19308,19313,19324,19326,19387,19447,19453,19461,19467,19472,19477,19537,19541,19608,19611,19615,19686,19689,19702,19709,19711,19715,19719,19790,19792,19829,19832,19835,19898,19905,19908,19950,19960,19963,20032,20038,20043,20127,20129,20178,20185,20191,20236,20238,20271,20276,20280,20286,20325,20369,20437,20480,20482,20488,20491,20495,20500,20504,20507,20511,20513,20574,20576,20602,20607],[10,18208,12314,18210,18],{"id":18209},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,18211,18212],{},"fromkeys()",[20,18214,18215,18218],{},[15,18216,18217],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,18220,18221],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,18223,18224],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[46,18226,3022],{"id":3021},[51,18228,18230],{"className":53,"code":18229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,18231,18232,18265,18293,18304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18233,18234,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18235,18236],{"class":66},"keys ",[60,18238,71],{"class":70},[60,18240,75],{"class":74},[60,18242,79],{"class":78},[60,18244,8666],{"class":82},[60,18246,79],{"class":78},[60,18248,88],{"class":74},[60,18250,91],{"class":78},[60,18252,10296],{"class":82},[60,18254,79],{"class":78},[60,18256,88],{"class":74},[60,18258,91],{"class":78},[60,18260,11406],{"class":82},[60,18262,79],{"class":78},[60,18264,108],{"class":74},[60,18266,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18289,18291],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18268,14196],{"class":66},[60,18270,71],{"class":70},[60,18272,10168],{"class":1527},[60,18274,123],{"class":74},[60,18276,18277],{"class":126},"fromkeys",[60,18279,130],{"class":74},[60,18281,17917],{"class":126},[60,18283,88],{"class":74},[60,18285,91],{"class":78},[60,18287,18288],{"class":82},"unknown",[60,18290,79],{"class":78},[60,18292,136],{"class":74},[60,18294,18295,18297,18299,18302],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18296,143],{"class":142},[60,18298,130],{"class":74},[60,18300,18301],{"class":126},"person",[60,18303,136],{"class":74},[60,18305,18306],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18307,18308],{"class":4674},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,18310,171,18311,18314],{},[15,18312,18313],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[46,18316,178,18318,181],{"id":18317},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,18319,18217],{},[20,18321,18322,3901],{},[15,18323,18217],{},[33,18325,18326,18329,18332,18335],{},[36,18327,18328],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[36,18330,18331],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[36,18333,18334],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[36,18336,18337,18338,18341],{},"Is called as ",[15,18339,18340],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,18343,18344,18345,18347,18348,18350,18351,123],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,18346,9819],{},", so you write ",[15,18349,18340],{}," instead of something like ",[15,18352,18353],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,18355,18356,18357,123],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[551,18358,10153],{"href":14017},[46,18360,18362],{"id":18361},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[51,18364,18366],{"className":53,"code":18365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,18367,18368],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18369,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18371,9819],{"class":1527},[60,18373,123],{"class":74},[60,18375,18277],{"class":126},[60,18377,130],{"class":74},[60,18379,411],{"class":126},[60,18381,88],{"class":74},[60,18383,9429],{"class":126},[60,18385,136],{"class":74},[415,18387,18389],{"id":18388},"parameters","Parameters",[33,18391,18392,18397],{},[36,18393,18394,18396],{},[15,18395,411],{},": the keys to use",[36,18398,18399,18401],{},[15,18400,3487],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,18403,18404,18405,18407,18408,123],{},"If you leave out ",[15,18406,3487],{},", each key gets ",[15,18409,1585],{},[415,18411,18413],{"id":18412},"return-value","Return value",[20,18415,18416,18417,123],{},"It returns a ",[4753,18418,18419],{},"new dictionary",[46,18421,6789],{"id":6788},[20,18423,18424],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[51,18426,18428],{"className":53,"code":18427,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,18429,18430,18462,18484,18488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18431,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18433,18236],{"class":66},[60,18435,71],{"class":70},[60,18437,75],{"class":74},[60,18439,79],{"class":78},[60,18441,254],{"class":82},[60,18443,79],{"class":78},[60,18445,88],{"class":74},[60,18447,91],{"class":78},[60,18449,263],{"class":82},[60,18451,79],{"class":78},[60,18453,88],{"class":74},[60,18455,91],{"class":78},[60,18457,272],{"class":82},[60,18459,79],{"class":78},[60,18461,108],{"class":74},[60,18463,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18465,1070],{"class":66},[60,18467,71],{"class":70},[60,18469,10168],{"class":1527},[60,18471,123],{"class":74},[60,18473,18277],{"class":126},[60,18475,130],{"class":74},[60,18477,17917],{"class":126},[60,18479,88],{"class":74},[60,18481,4843],{"class":1402},[60,18483,136],{"class":74},[60,18485,18486],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18487,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,18489,18490,18492,18494,18496],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18491,143],{"class":142},[60,18493,130],{"class":74},[60,18495,1119],{"class":126},[60,18497,136],{"class":74},[20,18499,153],{},[51,18501,18503],{"className":53,"code":18502,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,18504,18505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18506,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18508,10275],{"class":74},[60,18510,356],{"class":78},[60,18512,254],{"class":82},[60,18514,356],{"class":78},[60,18516,3901],{"class":74},[60,18518,4843],{"class":1402},[60,18520,88],{"class":74},[60,18522,365],{"class":78},[60,18524,263],{"class":82},[60,18526,356],{"class":78},[60,18528,3901],{"class":74},[60,18530,4843],{"class":1402},[60,18532,88],{"class":74},[60,18534,365],{"class":78},[60,18536,272],{"class":82},[60,18538,356],{"class":78},[60,18540,3901],{"class":74},[60,18542,4843],{"class":1402},[60,18544,10306],{"class":74},[20,18546,12679],{},[33,18548,18549,18554,18559],{},[36,18550,18551,18553],{},[15,18552,17917],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[36,18555,18556,18558],{},[15,18557,3137],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[36,18560,18561,18563],{},[15,18562,18217],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,18565,18566,18567,123],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[551,18568,10389],{"href":14020},[46,18570,9413,18572,18574],{"id":18571},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,18573,18212],{}," without a value",[20,18576,18577,18578,123],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,18579,1585],{},[51,18581,18583],{"className":53,"code":18582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18584,18585,18619,18639,18643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18586,18587,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18615,18617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18588,18589],{"class":66},"fields ",[60,18591,71],{"class":70},[60,18593,75],{"class":74},[60,18595,79],{"class":78},[60,18597,8980],{"class":82},[60,18599,79],{"class":78},[60,18601,88],{"class":74},[60,18603,91],{"class":78},[60,18605,16252],{"class":82},[60,18607,79],{"class":78},[60,18609,88],{"class":74},[60,18611,91],{"class":78},[60,18613,18614],{"class":82},"password",[60,18616,79],{"class":78},[60,18618,108],{"class":74},[60,18620,18621,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18637],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18622,18623],{"class":66},"user_data ",[60,18625,71],{"class":70},[60,18627,10168],{"class":1527},[60,18629,123],{"class":74},[60,18631,18277],{"class":126},[60,18633,130],{"class":74},[60,18635,18636],{"class":126},"fields",[60,18638,136],{"class":74},[60,18640,18641],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18642,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,18644,18645,18647,18649,18652],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18646,143],{"class":142},[60,18648,130],{"class":74},[60,18650,18651],{"class":126},"user_data",[60,18653,136],{"class":74},[20,18655,153],{},[51,18657,18659],{"className":53,"code":18658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,18660,18661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18662,18663,18665,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18664,10275],{"class":74},[60,18666,356],{"class":78},[60,18668,8980],{"class":82},[60,18670,356],{"class":78},[60,18672,3901],{"class":74},[60,18674,1612],{"class":1611},[60,18676,88],{"class":74},[60,18678,365],{"class":78},[60,18680,16252],{"class":82},[60,18682,356],{"class":78},[60,18684,3901],{"class":74},[60,18686,1612],{"class":1611},[60,18688,88],{"class":74},[60,18690,365],{"class":78},[60,18692,18614],{"class":82},[60,18694,356],{"class":78},[60,18696,3901],{"class":74},[60,18698,1612],{"class":1611},[60,18700,10306],{"class":74},[20,18702,18703],{},"This is useful when:",[33,18705,18706,18709,18712],{},[36,18707,18708],{},"You want to create the keys first",[36,18710,18711],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[36,18713,18714],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,18716,236],{},[51,18718,18720],{"className":53,"code":18719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,18721,18722,18754,18772,18776,18799,18822,18826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18723,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18725,18589],{"class":66},[60,18727,71],{"class":70},[60,18729,75],{"class":74},[60,18731,79],{"class":78},[60,18733,8980],{"class":82},[60,18735,79],{"class":78},[60,18737,88],{"class":74},[60,18739,91],{"class":78},[60,18741,16252],{"class":82},[60,18743,79],{"class":78},[60,18745,88],{"class":74},[60,18747,91],{"class":78},[60,18749,18614],{"class":82},[60,18751,79],{"class":78},[60,18753,108],{"class":74},[60,18755,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18757,18623],{"class":66},[60,18759,71],{"class":70},[60,18761,10168],{"class":1527},[60,18763,123],{"class":74},[60,18765,18277],{"class":126},[60,18767,130],{"class":74},[60,18769,18636],{"class":126},[60,18771,136],{"class":74},[60,18773,18774],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18775,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18797],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18779,18651],{"class":66},[60,18781,353],{"class":74},[60,18783,79],{"class":78},[60,18785,8980],{"class":82},[60,18787,79],{"class":78},[60,18789,14265],{"class":74},[60,18791,14268],{"class":70},[60,18793,91],{"class":78},[60,18795,18796],{"class":82},"alice",[60,18798,2389],{"class":78},[60,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18820],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,18802,18651],{"class":66},[60,18804,353],{"class":74},[60,18806,79],{"class":78},[60,18808,16252],{"class":82},[60,18810,79],{"class":78},[60,18812,14265],{"class":74},[60,18814,14268],{"class":70},[60,18816,91],{"class":78},[60,18818,18819],{"class":82},"alice@example.com",[60,18821,2389],{"class":78},[60,18823,18824],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,18825,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,18827,18828,18830,18832,18834],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,18829,143],{"class":142},[60,18831,130],{"class":74},[60,18833,18651],{"class":126},[60,18835,136],{"class":74},[20,18837,153],{},[51,18839,18841],{"className":53,"code":18840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18842,18843],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18844,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18846,10275],{"class":74},[60,18848,356],{"class":78},[60,18850,8980],{"class":82},[60,18852,356],{"class":78},[60,18854,3901],{"class":74},[60,18856,365],{"class":78},[60,18858,18796],{"class":82},[60,18860,356],{"class":78},[60,18862,88],{"class":74},[60,18864,365],{"class":78},[60,18866,16252],{"class":82},[60,18868,356],{"class":78},[60,18870,3901],{"class":74},[60,18872,365],{"class":78},[60,18874,18819],{"class":82},[60,18876,356],{"class":78},[60,18878,88],{"class":74},[60,18880,365],{"class":78},[60,18882,18614],{"class":82},[60,18884,356],{"class":78},[60,18886,3901],{"class":74},[60,18888,1612],{"class":1611},[60,18890,10306],{"class":74},[20,18892,18893,18894,123],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[551,18895,18897],{"href":18896},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[46,18899,18901],{"id":18900},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18903,18904],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[33,18906,18907,18912,18917],{},[36,18908,18909,18911],{},[15,18910,4797],{}," (list)",[36,18913,18914,18916],{},[15,18915,4802],{}," (dictionary)",[36,18918,18919,18921],{},[15,18920,4807],{}," (set)",[20,18923,18924,18925,123],{},"All keys will point to the ",[4753,18926,18927],{},"same object",[415,18929,18931],{"id":18930},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[51,18933,18935],{"className":53,"code":18934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18936,18937,18969,18990,18994,19016,19020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,18938,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,18940,18236],{"class":66},[60,18942,71],{"class":70},[60,18944,75],{"class":74},[60,18946,79],{"class":78},[60,18948,551],{"class":82},[60,18950,79],{"class":78},[60,18952,88],{"class":74},[60,18954,91],{"class":78},[60,18956,2258],{"class":82},[60,18958,79],{"class":78},[60,18960,88],{"class":74},[60,18962,91],{"class":78},[60,18964,1895],{"class":82},[60,18966,79],{"class":78},[60,18968,108],{"class":74},[60,18970,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,18972,10163],{"class":66},[60,18974,71],{"class":70},[60,18976,10168],{"class":1527},[60,18978,123],{"class":74},[60,18980,18277],{"class":126},[60,18982,130],{"class":74},[60,18984,17917],{"class":126},[60,18986,88],{"class":74},[60,18988,18989],{"class":74}," [])\n",[60,18991,18992],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,18993,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,18995,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,18997,10202],{"class":66},[60,18999,353],{"class":74},[60,19001,79],{"class":78},[60,19003,551],{"class":82},[60,19005,79],{"class":78},[60,19007,14542],{"class":74},[60,19009,14545],{"class":126},[60,19011,130],{"class":74},[60,19013,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19015,136],{"class":74},[60,19017,19018],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,19019,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,19021,19022,19024,19026,19028],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,19023,143],{"class":142},[60,19025,130],{"class":74},[60,19027,10202],{"class":126},[60,19029,136],{"class":74},[20,19031,153],{},[51,19033,19035],{"className":53,"code":19034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,19036,19037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19038,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19040,10275],{"class":74},[60,19042,356],{"class":78},[60,19044,551],{"class":82},[60,19046,356],{"class":78},[60,19048,3901],{"class":74},[60,19050,75],{"class":74},[60,19052,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19054,19055],{"class":74},"],",[60,19057,365],{"class":78},[60,19059,2258],{"class":82},[60,19061,356],{"class":78},[60,19063,3901],{"class":74},[60,19065,75],{"class":74},[60,19067,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19069,19055],{"class":74},[60,19071,365],{"class":78},[60,19073,1895],{"class":82},[60,19075,356],{"class":78},[60,19077,3901],{"class":74},[60,19079,75],{"class":74},[60,19081,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19083,14698],{"class":74},[20,19085,19086,19087,19090],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,19088,19089],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[415,19092,19094],{"id":19093},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,19096,19097,19100],{},[15,19098,19099],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,19102,19103],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,19105,19106],{},"So this:",[51,19108,19110],{"className":53,"code":19109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,19111,19112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19113,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19115,10202],{"class":66},[60,19117,353],{"class":74},[60,19119,79],{"class":78},[60,19121,551],{"class":82},[60,19123,79],{"class":78},[60,19125,14542],{"class":74},[60,19127,14545],{"class":126},[60,19129,130],{"class":74},[60,19131,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19133,136],{"class":74},[20,19135,19136,19137,123],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,19138,19089],{},[415,19140,19142],{"id":19141},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,19144,19145],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[51,19147,19149],{"className":53,"code":19148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,19150,19151,19183,19210,19214,19236,19240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19152,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19154,18236],{"class":66},[60,19156,71],{"class":70},[60,19158,75],{"class":74},[60,19160,79],{"class":78},[60,19162,551],{"class":82},[60,19164,79],{"class":78},[60,19166,88],{"class":74},[60,19168,91],{"class":78},[60,19170,2258],{"class":82},[60,19172,79],{"class":78},[60,19174,88],{"class":74},[60,19176,91],{"class":78},[60,19178,1895],{"class":82},[60,19180,79],{"class":78},[60,19182,108],{"class":74},[60,19184,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19198,19200,19203,19205,19208],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19186,10163],{"class":66},[60,19188,71],{"class":70},[60,19190,11488],{"class":74},[60,19192,15834],{"class":66},[60,19194,3901],{"class":74},[60,19196,19197],{"class":74}," []",[60,19199,2666],{"class":2665},[60,19201,19202],{"class":66}," key ",[60,19204,2672],{"class":2665},[60,19206,19207],{"class":66}," keys",[60,19209,10306],{"class":74},[60,19211,19212],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,19213,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,19215,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,19217,10202],{"class":66},[60,19219,353],{"class":74},[60,19221,79],{"class":78},[60,19223,551],{"class":82},[60,19225,79],{"class":78},[60,19227,14542],{"class":74},[60,19229,14545],{"class":126},[60,19231,130],{"class":74},[60,19233,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19235,136],{"class":74},[60,19237,19238],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,19239,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,19241,19242,19244,19246,19248],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,19243,143],{"class":142},[60,19245,130],{"class":74},[60,19247,10202],{"class":126},[60,19249,136],{"class":74},[20,19251,153],{},[51,19253,19255],{"className":53,"code":19254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,19256,19257],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19258,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19260,10275],{"class":74},[60,19262,356],{"class":78},[60,19264,551],{"class":82},[60,19266,356],{"class":78},[60,19268,3901],{"class":74},[60,19270,75],{"class":74},[60,19272,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19274,19055],{"class":74},[60,19276,365],{"class":78},[60,19278,2258],{"class":82},[60,19280,356],{"class":78},[60,19282,3901],{"class":74},[60,19284,19285],{"class":74}," [],",[60,19287,365],{"class":78},[60,19289,1895],{"class":82},[60,19291,356],{"class":78},[60,19293,3901],{"class":74},[60,19295,19296],{"class":74}," []}\n",[20,19298,19299],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,19301,19302],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[46,19304,5963,19306],{"id":19305},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,19307,18212],{},[20,19309,19310,19312],{},[15,19311,18217],{}," is a good choice when:",[33,19314,19315,19318,19321],{},[36,19316,19317],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[36,19319,19320],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[36,19322,19323],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,19325,3143],{},[51,19327,19329],{"className":53,"code":19328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,19330,19331,19376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19332,19333,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19368,19370,19372,19374],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19334,19335],{"class":66},"flags ",[60,19337,71],{"class":70},[60,19339,10168],{"class":1527},[60,19341,123],{"class":74},[60,19343,18277],{"class":126},[60,19345,2652],{"class":74},[60,19347,79],{"class":78},[60,19349,19350],{"class":82},"is_admin",[60,19352,79],{"class":78},[60,19354,88],{"class":74},[60,19356,91],{"class":78},[60,19358,16072],{"class":82},[60,19360,79],{"class":78},[60,19362,88],{"class":74},[60,19364,91],{"class":78},[60,19366,19367],{"class":82},"is_verified",[60,19369,79],{"class":78},[60,19371,19055],{"class":74},[60,19373,4910],{"class":1611},[60,19375,136],{"class":74},[60,19377,19378,19380,19382,19385],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19379,143],{"class":142},[60,19381,130],{"class":74},[60,19383,19384],{"class":126},"flags",[60,19386,136],{"class":74},[51,19388,19390],{"className":53,"code":19389,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,19391,19392,19437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19393,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19411,19413,19415,19417,19420,19422,19424,19426,19429,19431,19433,19435],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19395,6064],{"class":66},[60,19397,71],{"class":70},[60,19399,10168],{"class":1527},[60,19401,123],{"class":74},[60,19403,18277],{"class":126},[60,19405,2652],{"class":74},[60,19407,79],{"class":78},[60,19409,19410],{"class":82},"math",[60,19412,79],{"class":78},[60,19414,88],{"class":74},[60,19416,91],{"class":78},[60,19418,19419],{"class":82},"science",[60,19421,79],{"class":78},[60,19423,88],{"class":74},[60,19425,91],{"class":78},[60,19427,19428],{"class":82},"history",[60,19430,79],{"class":78},[60,19432,19055],{"class":74},[60,19434,4843],{"class":1402},[60,19436,136],{"class":74},[60,19438,19439,19441,19443,19445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19440,143],{"class":142},[60,19442,130],{"class":74},[60,19444,17382],{"class":126},[60,19446,136],{"class":74},[20,19448,19449,19450,19452],{},"It is ",[4753,19451,5632],{}," the best choice when:",[33,19454,19455,19458],{},[36,19456,19457],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[36,19459,19460],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[46,19462,19464,19466],{"id":19463},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,19465,18212],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,19468,19469,19471],{},[15,19470,18212],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[415,19473,9413,19475],{"id":19474},"using-fromkeys",[15,19476,18212],{},[51,19478,19480],{"className":53,"code":19479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19481,19482,19527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19501,19503,19505,19507,19510,19512,19514,19516,19519,19521,19523,19525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19485,14818],{"class":66},[60,19487,71],{"class":70},[60,19489,10168],{"class":1527},[60,19491,123],{"class":74},[60,19493,18277],{"class":126},[60,19495,2652],{"class":74},[60,19497,79],{"class":78},[60,19499,19500],{"class":82},"sound",[60,19502,79],{"class":78},[60,19504,88],{"class":74},[60,19506,91],{"class":78},[60,19508,19509],{"class":82},"music",[60,19511,79],{"class":78},[60,19513,88],{"class":74},[60,19515,91],{"class":78},[60,19517,19518],{"class":82},"notifications",[60,19520,79],{"class":78},[60,19522,19055],{"class":74},[60,19524,4919],{"class":1611},[60,19526,136],{"class":74},[60,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19530,143],{"class":142},[60,19532,130],{"class":74},[60,19534,14877],{"class":126},[60,19536,136],{"class":74},[415,19538,19540],{"id":19539},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[51,19542,19544],{"className":53,"code":19543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,19545,19546,19554,19568,19582,19594,19598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19547,19548,19550,19552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19549,14818],{"class":66},[60,19551,71],{"class":70},[60,19553,12488],{"class":74},[60,19555,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19557,12493],{"class":78},[60,19559,19500],{"class":82},[60,19561,79],{"class":78},[60,19563,3901],{"class":74},[60,19565,4919],{"class":1611},[60,19567,12509],{"class":74},[60,19569,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,19571,12493],{"class":78},[60,19573,19509],{"class":82},[60,19575,79],{"class":78},[60,19577,3901],{"class":74},[60,19579,4910],{"class":1611},[60,19581,12509],{"class":74},[60,19583,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,19585,12493],{"class":78},[60,19587,19518],{"class":82},[60,19589,79],{"class":78},[60,19591,3901],{"class":74},[60,19593,7422],{"class":1611},[60,19595,19596],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,19597,10306],{"class":74},[60,19599,19600,19602,19604,19606],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,19601,143],{"class":142},[60,19603,130],{"class":74},[60,19605,14877],{"class":126},[60,19607,136],{"class":74},[20,19609,19610],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[415,19612,19614],{"id":19613},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[51,19616,19618],{"className":53,"code":19617,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,19619,19620,19652,19676],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19621,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19623,18236],{"class":66},[60,19625,71],{"class":70},[60,19627,75],{"class":74},[60,19629,79],{"class":78},[60,19631,551],{"class":82},[60,19633,79],{"class":78},[60,19635,88],{"class":74},[60,19637,91],{"class":78},[60,19639,2258],{"class":82},[60,19641,79],{"class":78},[60,19643,88],{"class":74},[60,19645,91],{"class":78},[60,19647,1895],{"class":82},[60,19649,79],{"class":78},[60,19651,108],{"class":74},[60,19653,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19655,10163],{"class":66},[60,19657,71],{"class":70},[60,19659,11488],{"class":74},[60,19661,15834],{"class":66},[60,19663,3901],{"class":74},[60,19665,19197],{"class":74},[60,19667,2666],{"class":2665},[60,19669,19202],{"class":66},[60,19671,2672],{"class":2665},[60,19673,19207],{"class":66},[60,19675,10306],{"class":74},[60,19677,19678,19680,19682,19684],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,19679,143],{"class":142},[60,19681,130],{"class":74},[60,19683,10202],{"class":126},[60,19685,136],{"class":74},[20,19687,19688],{},"Use:",[33,19690,19691,19696,19699],{},[36,19692,19693,19695],{},[15,19694,18212],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[36,19697,19698],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[36,19700,19701],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,19703,19704,19705,123],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[551,19706,11734,19707,2887],{"href":15025},[15,19708,15947],{},[46,19710,3845],{"id":3844},[20,19712,15726,19713,123],{},[15,19714,18217],{},[415,19716,19718],{"id":19717},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[51,19720,19722],{"className":53,"code":19721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19723,19724,19757,19780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19725,19726,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19727,19728],{"class":66},"d ",[60,19730,71],{"class":70},[60,19732,10168],{"class":1527},[60,19734,123],{"class":74},[60,19736,18277],{"class":126},[60,19738,2652],{"class":74},[60,19740,79],{"class":78},[60,19742,551],{"class":82},[60,19744,79],{"class":78},[60,19746,88],{"class":74},[60,19748,91],{"class":78},[60,19750,2258],{"class":82},[60,19752,79],{"class":78},[60,19754,19055],{"class":74},[60,19756,18989],{"class":74},[60,19758,19759,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19760,19761],{"class":66},"d",[60,19763,353],{"class":74},[60,19765,79],{"class":78},[60,19767,551],{"class":82},[60,19769,79],{"class":78},[60,19771,14542],{"class":74},[60,19773,14545],{"class":126},[60,19775,130],{"class":74},[60,19777,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19779,136],{"class":74},[60,19781,19782,19784,19786,19788],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,19783,143],{"class":142},[60,19785,130],{"class":74},[60,19787,19761],{"class":126},[60,19789,136],{"class":74},[20,19791,153],{},[51,19793,19795],{"className":53,"code":19794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19796,19797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19798,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19800,10275],{"class":74},[60,19802,356],{"class":78},[60,19804,551],{"class":82},[60,19806,356],{"class":78},[60,19808,3901],{"class":74},[60,19810,75],{"class":74},[60,19812,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19814,19055],{"class":74},[60,19816,365],{"class":78},[60,19818,2258],{"class":82},[60,19820,356],{"class":78},[60,19822,3901],{"class":74},[60,19824,75],{"class":74},[60,19826,1432],{"class":1402},[60,19828,14698],{"class":74},[20,19830,19831],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19833,19834],{},"Use this instead:",[51,19836,19838],{"className":53,"code":19837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19839,19840,19864,19888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19841,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19843,18236],{"class":66},[60,19845,71],{"class":70},[60,19847,75],{"class":74},[60,19849,79],{"class":78},[60,19851,551],{"class":82},[60,19853,79],{"class":78},[60,19855,88],{"class":74},[60,19857,91],{"class":78},[60,19859,2258],{"class":82},[60,19861,79],{"class":78},[60,19863,108],{"class":74},[60,19865,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19867,19728],{"class":66},[60,19869,71],{"class":70},[60,19871,11488],{"class":74},[60,19873,15834],{"class":66},[60,19875,3901],{"class":74},[60,19877,19197],{"class":74},[60,19879,2666],{"class":2665},[60,19881,19202],{"class":66},[60,19883,2672],{"class":2665},[60,19885,19207],{"class":66},[60,19887,10306],{"class":74},[60,19889,19890,19892,19894,19896],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,19891,143],{"class":142},[60,19893,130],{"class":74},[60,19895,19761],{"class":126},[60,19897,136],{"class":74},[415,19899,19901,19902,19904],{"id":19900},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19903,18212],{}," on a list",[20,19906,19907],{},"Wrong idea:",[51,19909,19911],{"className":53,"code":19910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19912,19913,19945],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19914,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19916,18236],{"class":66},[60,19918,71],{"class":70},[60,19920,75],{"class":74},[60,19922,79],{"class":78},[60,19924,551],{"class":82},[60,19926,79],{"class":78},[60,19928,88],{"class":74},[60,19930,91],{"class":78},[60,19932,2258],{"class":82},[60,19934,79],{"class":78},[60,19936,88],{"class":74},[60,19938,91],{"class":78},[60,19940,1895],{"class":82},[60,19942,79],{"class":78},[60,19944,108],{"class":74},[60,19946,19947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,19948,19949],{"class":4674},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19951,19952,19954,19955,19957,19958,123],{},[15,19953,18212],{}," belongs to ",[15,19956,9819],{},", not ",[15,19959,9089],{},[20,19961,19962],{},"Correct usage:",[51,19964,19966],{"className":53,"code":19965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19967,19968,20000,20022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,19969,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,19971,18236],{"class":66},[60,19973,71],{"class":70},[60,19975,75],{"class":74},[60,19977,79],{"class":78},[60,19979,551],{"class":82},[60,19981,79],{"class":78},[60,19983,88],{"class":74},[60,19985,91],{"class":78},[60,19987,2258],{"class":82},[60,19989,79],{"class":78},[60,19991,88],{"class":74},[60,19993,91],{"class":78},[60,19995,1895],{"class":82},[60,19997,79],{"class":78},[60,19999,108],{"class":74},[60,20001,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20003,19728],{"class":66},[60,20005,71],{"class":70},[60,20007,10168],{"class":1527},[60,20009,123],{"class":74},[60,20011,18277],{"class":126},[60,20013,130],{"class":74},[60,20015,17917],{"class":126},[60,20017,88],{"class":74},[60,20019,4843],{"class":1402},[60,20021,136],{"class":74},[60,20023,20024,20026,20028,20030],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,20025,143],{"class":142},[60,20027,130],{"class":74},[60,20029,19761],{"class":126},[60,20031,136],{"class":74},[415,20033,9449,20035,20037],{"id":20034},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20036,18212],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,20039,20040,20042],{},[15,20041,18217],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[51,20044,20046],{"className":53,"code":20045,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,20047,20048,20068,20102,20106,20116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20049,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20051,13081],{"class":66},[60,20053,71],{"class":70},[60,20055,11488],{"class":74},[60,20057,79],{"class":78},[60,20059,3191],{"class":82},[60,20061,79],{"class":78},[60,20063,3901],{"class":74},[60,20065,6499],{"class":1402},[60,20067,10306],{"class":74},[60,20069,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094,20096,20098,20100],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20071,14032],{"class":66},[60,20073,71],{"class":70},[60,20075,10168],{"class":1527},[60,20077,123],{"class":74},[60,20079,18277],{"class":126},[60,20081,2652],{"class":74},[60,20083,79],{"class":78},[60,20085,551],{"class":82},[60,20087,79],{"class":78},[60,20089,88],{"class":74},[60,20091,91],{"class":78},[60,20093,2258],{"class":82},[60,20095,79],{"class":78},[60,20097,19055],{"class":74},[60,20099,4843],{"class":1402},[60,20101,136],{"class":74},[60,20103,20104],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,20105,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,20107,20108,20110,20112,20114],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,20109,143],{"class":142},[60,20111,130],{"class":74},[60,20113,13128],{"class":126},[60,20115,136],{"class":74},[60,20117,20118,20120,20122,20125],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,20119,143],{"class":142},[60,20121,130],{"class":74},[60,20123,20124],{"class":126},"new_dict",[60,20126,136],{"class":74},[20,20128,153],{},[51,20130,20132],{"className":53,"code":20131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,20133,20134,20150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20135,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20137,10275],{"class":74},[60,20139,356],{"class":78},[60,20141,3191],{"class":82},[60,20143,356],{"class":78},[60,20145,3901],{"class":74},[60,20147,6499],{"class":1402},[60,20149,10306],{"class":74},[60,20151,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20153,10275],{"class":74},[60,20155,356],{"class":78},[60,20157,551],{"class":82},[60,20159,356],{"class":78},[60,20161,3901],{"class":74},[60,20163,4843],{"class":1402},[60,20165,88],{"class":74},[60,20167,365],{"class":78},[60,20169,2258],{"class":82},[60,20171,356],{"class":78},[60,20173,3901],{"class":74},[60,20175,4843],{"class":1402},[60,20177,10306],{"class":74},[20,20179,20180,20181,123],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[551,20182,11734,20183,2887],{"href":15025},[15,20184,15947],{},[415,20186,20188,20189],{"id":20187},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,20190,1585],{},[51,20192,20194],{"className":53,"code":20193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,20195,20196,20226],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20197,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20199,19728],{"class":66},[60,20201,71],{"class":70},[60,20203,10168],{"class":1527},[60,20205,123],{"class":74},[60,20207,18277],{"class":126},[60,20209,2652],{"class":74},[60,20211,79],{"class":78},[60,20213,3191],{"class":82},[60,20215,79],{"class":78},[60,20217,88],{"class":74},[60,20219,91],{"class":78},[60,20221,785],{"class":82},[60,20223,79],{"class":78},[60,20225,2677],{"class":74},[60,20227,20228,20230,20232,20234],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20229,143],{"class":142},[60,20231,130],{"class":74},[60,20233,19761],{"class":126},[60,20235,136],{"class":74},[20,20237,153],{},[51,20239,20241],{"className":53,"code":20240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,20242,20243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20244,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20246,10275],{"class":74},[60,20248,356],{"class":78},[60,20250,3191],{"class":82},[60,20252,356],{"class":78},[60,20254,3901],{"class":74},[60,20256,1612],{"class":1611},[60,20258,88],{"class":74},[60,20260,365],{"class":78},[60,20262,785],{"class":82},[60,20264,356],{"class":78},[60,20266,3901],{"class":74},[60,20268,1612],{"class":1611},[60,20270,10306],{"class":74},[20,20272,20273,20274,123],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,20275,1585],{},[46,20277,20279],{"id":20278},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,20281,20282,20283,20285],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,20284,18212],{}," works.",[51,20287,20289],{"className":53,"code":20288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,20290,20291],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20292,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20294,143],{"class":142},[60,20296,130],{"class":74},[60,20298,9819],{"class":1527},[60,20300,123],{"class":74},[60,20302,18277],{"class":126},[60,20304,2652],{"class":74},[60,20306,79],{"class":78},[60,20308,551],{"class":82},[60,20310,79],{"class":78},[60,20312,88],{"class":74},[60,20314,91],{"class":78},[60,20316,2258],{"class":82},[60,20318,79],{"class":78},[60,20320,19055],{"class":74},[60,20322,4843],{"class":1402},[60,20324,1042],{"class":74},[51,20326,20327],{"className":53,"code":20193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,20328,20329,20359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20330,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20332,19728],{"class":66},[60,20334,71],{"class":70},[60,20336,10168],{"class":1527},[60,20338,123],{"class":74},[60,20340,18277],{"class":126},[60,20342,2652],{"class":74},[60,20344,79],{"class":78},[60,20346,3191],{"class":82},[60,20348,79],{"class":78},[60,20350,88],{"class":74},[60,20352,91],{"class":78},[60,20354,785],{"class":82},[60,20356,79],{"class":78},[60,20358,2677],{"class":74},[60,20360,20361,20363,20365,20367],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20362,143],{"class":142},[60,20364,130],{"class":74},[60,20366,19761],{"class":126},[60,20368,136],{"class":74},[51,20370,20371],{"className":53,"code":19721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,20372,20373,20405,20427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20374,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20376,19728],{"class":66},[60,20378,71],{"class":70},[60,20380,10168],{"class":1527},[60,20382,123],{"class":74},[60,20384,18277],{"class":126},[60,20386,2652],{"class":74},[60,20388,79],{"class":78},[60,20390,551],{"class":82},[60,20392,79],{"class":78},[60,20394,88],{"class":74},[60,20396,91],{"class":78},[60,20398,2258],{"class":82},[60,20400,79],{"class":78},[60,20402,19055],{"class":74},[60,20404,18989],{"class":74},[60,20406,20407,20409,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20408,19761],{"class":66},[60,20410,353],{"class":74},[60,20412,79],{"class":78},[60,20414,551],{"class":82},[60,20416,79],{"class":78},[60,20418,14542],{"class":74},[60,20420,14545],{"class":126},[60,20422,130],{"class":74},[60,20424,1432],{"class":1402},[60,20426,136],{"class":74},[60,20428,20429,20431,20433,20435],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,20430,143],{"class":142},[60,20432,130],{"class":74},[60,20434,19761],{"class":126},[60,20436,136],{"class":74},[51,20438,20440],{"className":53,"code":20439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,20441,20442],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20443,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20445,143],{"class":142},[60,20447,130],{"class":74},[60,20449,2629],{"class":1527},[60,20451,130],{"class":74},[60,20453,9819],{"class":1527},[60,20455,123],{"class":74},[60,20457,18277],{"class":126},[60,20459,2652],{"class":74},[60,20461,1432],{"class":1402},[60,20463,88],{"class":74},[60,20465,1437],{"class":1402},[60,20467,88],{"class":74},[60,20469,1442],{"class":1402},[60,20471,19055],{"class":74},[60,20473,91],{"class":78},[60,20475,3487],{"class":82},[60,20477,79],{"class":78},[60,20479,1992],{"class":74},[46,20481,2804],{"id":2803},[415,20483,2808,20485,20487],{"id":20484},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,20486,18212],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,20489,20490],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[415,20492,20494],{"id":20493},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,20496,20497,20498,123],{},"Each key gets ",[15,20499,1585],{},[415,20501,20503],{"id":20502},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,20505,20506],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[415,20508,20510],{"id":20509},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,20512,19145],{},[51,20514,20516],{"className":53,"code":20515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,20517,20518,20550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20519,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20521,18236],{"class":66},[60,20523,71],{"class":70},[60,20525,75],{"class":74},[60,20527,79],{"class":78},[60,20529,551],{"class":82},[60,20531,79],{"class":78},[60,20533,88],{"class":74},[60,20535,91],{"class":78},[60,20537,2258],{"class":82},[60,20539,79],{"class":78},[60,20541,88],{"class":74},[60,20543,91],{"class":78},[60,20545,1895],{"class":82},[60,20547,79],{"class":78},[60,20549,108],{"class":74},[60,20551,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20553,10163],{"class":66},[60,20555,71],{"class":70},[60,20557,11488],{"class":74},[60,20559,15834],{"class":66},[60,20561,3901],{"class":74},[60,20563,19197],{"class":74},[60,20565,2666],{"class":2665},[60,20567,19202],{"class":66},[60,20569,2672],{"class":2665},[60,20571,19207],{"class":66},[60,20573,10306],{"class":74},[46,20575,2870],{"id":2869},[33,20577,20578,20582,20586,20590,20596],{},[36,20579,20580],{},[551,20581,12238],{"href":14020},[36,20583,20584],{},[551,20585,10153],{"href":14017},[36,20587,20588],{},[551,20589,12247],{"href":18896},[36,20591,20592],{},[551,20593,11734,20594,2887],{"href":15025},[15,20595,15947],{},[36,20597,20598],{},[551,20599,11734,20600,2887],{"href":15992},[15,20601,13771],{},[20,20603,171,20604,20606],{},[15,20605,18217],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2912,20608,20609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":20611},[20612,20613,20615,20619,20620,20622,20627,20629,20636,20645,20646,20653],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":18317,"depth":111,"text":20614},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":18361,"depth":111,"text":18362,"children":20616},[20617,20618],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":18412,"depth":139,"text":18413},{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":18571,"depth":111,"text":20621},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18900,"depth":111,"text":18901,"children":20623},[20624,20625,20626],{"id":18930,"depth":139,"text":18931},{"id":19093,"depth":139,"text":19094},{"id":19141,"depth":139,"text":19142},{"id":19305,"depth":111,"text":20628},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":19463,"depth":111,"text":20630,"children":20631},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[20632,20634,20635],{"id":19474,"depth":139,"text":20633},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":19539,"depth":139,"text":19540},{"id":19613,"depth":139,"text":19614},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":20637},[20638,20639,20641,20643],{"id":19717,"depth":139,"text":19718},{"id":19900,"depth":139,"text":20640},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":20034,"depth":139,"text":20642},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":20187,"depth":139,"text":20644},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":20278,"depth":111,"text":20279},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":20647},[20648,20650,20651,20652],{"id":20484,"depth":139,"text":20649},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":20493,"depth":139,"text":20494},{"id":20502,"depth":139,"text":20503},{"id":20509,"depth":139,"text":20510},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":18204,"description":20654},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20661,"title":20662,"body":20663,"description":22493,"extension":2980,"meta":22494,"navigation":304,"path":22495,"seo":22496,"stem":22497,"__hash__":22498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20664,"toc":22460},[20665,20670,20676,20687,20817,20824,20829,20833,20849,20851,20949,20952,20969,20973,20975,20980,21018,21021,21039,21041,21159,21164,21168,21184,21187,21323,21326,21331,21337,21340,21377,21380,21384,21389,21465,21469,21474,21556,21558,21574,21579,21583,21589,21658,21661,21678,21681,21763,21769,21772,21792,21796,21801,21807,21813,21884,21887,21893,21896,21970,21977,21983,21991,22001,22003,22098,22104,22109,22196,22202,22204,22209,22231,22234,22329,22332,22363,22376,22378,22386,22392,22398,22401,22407,22412,22419,22424,22426,22457],[10,20666,12314,20668,18],{"id":20667},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,20669,11737],{},[20,20671,20672,20673,20675],{},"The dictionary ",[15,20674,11737],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,20677,20678,20679,287,20682,3412,20684,20686],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,20680,20681],{},"KeyError",[15,20683,11737],{},[15,20685,1585],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[51,20688,20690],{"className":53,"code":20689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,20691,20692,20728,20732,20758,20783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20693,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20695,14196],{"class":66},[60,20697,71],{"class":70},[60,20699,11488],{"class":74},[60,20701,79],{"class":78},[60,20703,8666],{"class":82},[60,20705,79],{"class":78},[60,20707,3901],{"class":74},[60,20709,91],{"class":78},[60,20711,463],{"class":82},[60,20713,79],{"class":78},[60,20715,88],{"class":74},[60,20717,91],{"class":78},[60,20719,10296],{"class":82},[60,20721,79],{"class":78},[60,20723,3901],{"class":74},[60,20725,10303],{"class":1402},[60,20727,10306],{"class":74},[60,20729,20730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20731,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,20733,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,20735,143],{"class":142},[60,20737,130],{"class":74},[60,20739,18301],{"class":126},[60,20741,123],{"class":74},[60,20743,20744],{"class":126},"get",[60,20746,130],{"class":74},[60,20748,79],{"class":78},[60,20750,8666],{"class":82},[60,20752,79],{"class":78},[60,20754,6362],{"class":74},[60,20756,20757],{"class":4674},"           # Ana\n",[60,20759,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,20761,143],{"class":142},[60,20763,130],{"class":74},[60,20765,18301],{"class":126},[60,20767,123],{"class":74},[60,20769,20744],{"class":126},[60,20771,130],{"class":74},[60,20773,79],{"class":78},[60,20775,11406],{"class":82},[60,20777,79],{"class":78},[60,20779,6362],{"class":74},[60,20781,20782],{"class":4674},"           # None\n",[60,20784,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20810,20812,20814],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,20786,143],{"class":142},[60,20788,130],{"class":74},[60,20790,18301],{"class":126},[60,20792,123],{"class":74},[60,20794,20744],{"class":126},[60,20796,130],{"class":74},[60,20798,79],{"class":78},[60,20800,11406],{"class":82},[60,20802,79],{"class":78},[60,20804,88],{"class":74},[60,20806,91],{"class":78},[60,20808,20809],{"class":82},"N\u002FA",[60,20811,79],{"class":78},[60,20813,6362],{"class":74},[60,20815,20816],{"class":4674},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20818,171,20819,20821,20822,123],{},[15,20820,11737],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20823,20681],{},[46,20825,178,20827,181],{"id":20826},"what-get-does",[15,20828,11737],{},[20,20830,2997,20831,12408],{},[15,20832,11737],{},[33,20834,20835,20838,20843,20846],{},[36,20836,20837],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[36,20839,12419,20840,20842],{},[15,20841,1585],{}," if the key does not exist",[36,20844,20845],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[36,20847,20848],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20850,236],{},[51,20852,20854],{"className":53,"code":20853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20855,20856,20895,20899,20924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20857,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870,20872,20874,20877,20879,20881,20883,20886,20888,20890,20893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20859,13858],{"class":66},[60,20861,71],{"class":70},[60,20863,11488],{"class":74},[60,20865,79],{"class":78},[60,20867,8666],{"class":82},[60,20869,79],{"class":78},[60,20871,3901],{"class":74},[60,20873,91],{"class":78},[60,20875,20876],{"class":82},"Lina",[60,20878,79],{"class":78},[60,20880,88],{"class":74},[60,20882,91],{"class":78},[60,20884,20885],{"class":82},"grade",[60,20887,79],{"class":78},[60,20889,3901],{"class":74},[60,20891,20892],{"class":1402}," 90",[60,20894,10306],{"class":74},[60,20896,20897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,20898,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,20900,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,20902,143],{"class":142},[60,20904,130],{"class":74},[60,20906,14618],{"class":126},[60,20908,123],{"class":74},[60,20910,20744],{"class":126},[60,20912,130],{"class":74},[60,20914,79],{"class":78},[60,20916,8666],{"class":82},[60,20918,79],{"class":78},[60,20920,6362],{"class":74},[60,20922,20923],{"class":4674},"     # Lina\n",[60,20925,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,20927,143],{"class":142},[60,20929,130],{"class":74},[60,20931,14618],{"class":126},[60,20933,123],{"class":74},[60,20935,20744],{"class":126},[60,20937,130],{"class":74},[60,20939,79],{"class":78},[60,20941,16252],{"class":82},[60,20943,79],{"class":78},[60,20945,6362],{"class":74},[60,20947,20948],{"class":4674},"    # None\n",[20,20950,20951],{},"In this example:",[33,20953,20954,20959],{},[36,20955,20956,20958],{},[15,20957,16233],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[36,20960,20961,20964,20965,3412,20967],{},[15,20962,20963],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20966,11737],{},[15,20968,1585],{},[20,20970,14014,20971,123],{},[551,20972,10153],{"href":10152},[46,20974,389],{"id":388},[20,20976,20977,20978,3901],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20979,11737],{},[51,20981,20983],{"className":53,"code":20982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20984,20985,20999],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,20986,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,20988,16598],{"class":66},[60,20990,123],{"class":74},[60,20992,20744],{"class":126},[60,20994,130],{"class":74},[60,20996,15834],{"class":126},[60,20998,136],{"class":74},[60,21000,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013,21016],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21002,16598],{"class":66},[60,21004,123],{"class":74},[60,21006,20744],{"class":126},[60,21008,130],{"class":74},[60,21010,15834],{"class":126},[60,21012,88],{"class":74},[60,21014,21015],{"class":126}," default_value",[60,21017,136],{"class":74},[20,21019,21020],{},"What each part means:",[33,21022,21023,21028,21034],{},[36,21024,21025,21027],{},[15,21026,15834],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[36,21029,21030,21033],{},[15,21031,21032],{},"default_value"," is optional",[36,21035,21036,21037],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,21038,1585],{},[20,21040,236],{},[51,21042,21044],{"className":53,"code":21043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,21045,21046,21070,21074,21099,21125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21047,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21049,14818],{"class":66},[60,21051,71],{"class":70},[60,21053,11488],{"class":74},[60,21055,79],{"class":78},[60,21057,13489],{"class":82},[60,21059,79],{"class":78},[60,21061,3901],{"class":74},[60,21063,91],{"class":78},[60,21065,13498],{"class":82},[60,21067,79],{"class":78},[60,21069,10306],{"class":74},[60,21071,21072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21073,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21077,143],{"class":142},[60,21079,130],{"class":74},[60,21081,14877],{"class":126},[60,21083,123],{"class":74},[60,21085,20744],{"class":126},[60,21087,130],{"class":74},[60,21089,79],{"class":78},[60,21091,13489],{"class":82},[60,21093,79],{"class":78},[60,21095,6362],{"class":74},[60,21097,21098],{"class":4674},"            # dark\n",[60,21100,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21113,21115,21118,21120,21122],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21102,143],{"class":142},[60,21104,130],{"class":74},[60,21106,14877],{"class":126},[60,21108,123],{"class":74},[60,21110,20744],{"class":126},[60,21112,130],{"class":74},[60,21114,79],{"class":78},[60,21116,21117],{"class":82},"language",[60,21119,79],{"class":78},[60,21121,6362],{"class":74},[60,21123,21124],{"class":4674},"         # None\n",[60,21126,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21149,21152,21154,21156],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,21128,143],{"class":142},[60,21130,130],{"class":74},[60,21132,14877],{"class":126},[60,21134,123],{"class":74},[60,21136,20744],{"class":126},[60,21138,130],{"class":74},[60,21140,79],{"class":78},[60,21142,21117],{"class":82},[60,21144,79],{"class":78},[60,21146,88],{"class":74},[60,21148,91],{"class":78},[60,21150,21151],{"class":82},"en",[60,21153,79],{"class":78},[60,21155,6362],{"class":74},[60,21157,21158],{"class":4674},"   # en\n",[46,21160,5963,21162],{"id":21161},"when-to-use-get",[15,21163,11737],{},[20,21165,171,21166,11598],{},[15,21167,11737],{},[33,21169,21170,21173,21178,21181],{},[36,21171,21172],{},"A key might not exist",[36,21174,21175,21176],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,21177,20681],{},[36,21179,21180],{},"You are reading optional data",[36,21182,21183],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,21185,21186],{},"Example with optional user data:",[51,21188,21190],{"className":53,"code":21189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,21191,21192,21234,21238,21263,21289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21193,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21230,21232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21195,12483],{"class":66},[60,21197,71],{"class":70},[60,21199,11488],{"class":74},[60,21201,79],{"class":78},[60,21203,8980],{"class":82},[60,21205,79],{"class":78},[60,21207,3901],{"class":74},[60,21209,91],{"class":78},[60,21211,21212],{"class":82},"sam",[60,21214,79],{"class":78},[60,21216,88],{"class":74},[60,21218,91],{"class":78},[60,21220,16252],{"class":82},[60,21222,79],{"class":78},[60,21224,3901],{"class":74},[60,21226,91],{"class":78},[60,21228,21229],{"class":82},"sam@example.com",[60,21231,79],{"class":78},[60,21233,10306],{"class":74},[60,21235,21236],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21237,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21239,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21241,143],{"class":142},[60,21243,130],{"class":74},[60,21245,12577],{"class":126},[60,21247,123],{"class":74},[60,21249,20744],{"class":126},[60,21251,130],{"class":74},[60,21253,79],{"class":78},[60,21255,8980],{"class":82},[60,21257,79],{"class":78},[60,21259,6362],{"class":74},[60,21261,21262],{"class":4674},"              # sam\n",[60,21264,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21282,21284,21286],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21266,143],{"class":142},[60,21268,130],{"class":74},[60,21270,12577],{"class":126},[60,21272,123],{"class":74},[60,21274,20744],{"class":126},[60,21276,130],{"class":74},[60,21278,79],{"class":78},[60,21280,21281],{"class":82},"phone",[60,21283,79],{"class":78},[60,21285,6362],{"class":74},[60,21287,21288],{"class":4674},"                 # None\n",[60,21290,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21316,21318,21320],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,21292,143],{"class":142},[60,21294,130],{"class":74},[60,21296,12577],{"class":126},[60,21298,123],{"class":74},[60,21300,20744],{"class":126},[60,21302,130],{"class":74},[60,21304,79],{"class":78},[60,21306,21281],{"class":82},[60,21308,79],{"class":78},[60,21310,88],{"class":74},[60,21312,91],{"class":78},[60,21314,21315],{"class":82},"Not provided",[60,21317,79],{"class":78},[60,21319,6362],{"class":74},[60,21321,21322],{"class":4674}," # Not provided\n",[20,21324,21325],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,21327,21328,21329,123],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[551,21330,17591],{"href":17590},[46,21332,21334,21336],{"id":21333},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,21335,11737],{}," vs square brackets",[20,21338,21339],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[51,21341,21343],{"className":53,"code":21342,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,21344,21345,21359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21346,21347,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21348,10202],{"class":66},[60,21350,353],{"class":74},[60,21352,79],{"class":78},[60,21354,15834],{"class":82},[60,21356,79],{"class":78},[60,21358,108],{"class":74},[60,21360,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21362,10202],{"class":66},[60,21364,123],{"class":74},[60,21366,20744],{"class":126},[60,21368,130],{"class":74},[60,21370,79],{"class":78},[60,21372,15834],{"class":82},[60,21374,79],{"class":78},[60,21376,136],{"class":74},[20,21378,21379],{},"The difference is important.",[415,21381,21383],{"id":21382},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,21385,21386,21387,123],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,21388,20681],{},[51,21390,21392],{"className":53,"code":21391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,21393,21394,21418,21422,21444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21395,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21397,10163],{"class":66},[60,21399,71],{"class":70},[60,21401,11488],{"class":74},[60,21403,79],{"class":78},[60,21405,8666],{"class":82},[60,21407,79],{"class":78},[60,21409,3901],{"class":74},[60,21411,91],{"class":78},[60,21413,463],{"class":82},[60,21415,79],{"class":78},[60,21417,10306],{"class":74},[60,21419,21420],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21421,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21441],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21425,143],{"class":142},[60,21427,130],{"class":74},[60,21429,10202],{"class":126},[60,21431,353],{"class":74},[60,21433,79],{"class":78},[60,21435,8666],{"class":82},[60,21437,79],{"class":78},[60,21439,21440],{"class":74},"])",[60,21442,21443],{"class":4674},"   # Ana\n",[60,21445,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21447,143],{"class":142},[60,21449,130],{"class":74},[60,21451,10202],{"class":126},[60,21453,353],{"class":74},[60,21455,79],{"class":78},[60,21457,11406],{"class":82},[60,21459,79],{"class":78},[60,21461,21440],{"class":74},[60,21463,21464],{"class":4674},"   # KeyError\n",[415,21466,21467],{"id":20744},[15,21468,11737],{},[20,21470,21471,21473],{},[15,21472,11737],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[51,21475,21477],{"className":53,"code":21476,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,21478,21479,21503,21507,21531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21480,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21482,10163],{"class":66},[60,21484,71],{"class":70},[60,21486,11488],{"class":74},[60,21488,79],{"class":78},[60,21490,8666],{"class":82},[60,21492,79],{"class":78},[60,21494,3901],{"class":74},[60,21496,91],{"class":78},[60,21498,463],{"class":82},[60,21500,79],{"class":78},[60,21502,10306],{"class":74},[60,21504,21505],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21506,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21508,21509,21511,21513,21515,21517,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21510,143],{"class":142},[60,21512,130],{"class":74},[60,21514,10202],{"class":126},[60,21516,123],{"class":74},[60,21518,20744],{"class":126},[60,21520,130],{"class":74},[60,21522,79],{"class":78},[60,21524,8666],{"class":82},[60,21526,79],{"class":78},[60,21528,6362],{"class":74},[60,21530,21443],{"class":4674},[60,21532,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21534,143],{"class":142},[60,21536,130],{"class":74},[60,21538,10202],{"class":126},[60,21540,123],{"class":74},[60,21542,20744],{"class":126},[60,21544,130],{"class":74},[60,21546,79],{"class":78},[60,21548,11406],{"class":82},[60,21550,79],{"class":78},[60,21552,6362],{"class":74},[60,21554,21555],{"class":4674},"   # None\n",[20,21557,19688],{},[33,21559,21560,21566],{},[36,21561,21562,21563],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[4753,21564,21565],{},"must exist",[36,21567,21568,21570,21571],{},[15,21569,11737],{}," when the key is ",[4753,21572,21573],{},"optional",[20,21575,21576,21577,123],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[551,21578,12258],{"href":12070},[46,21580,21582],{"id":21581},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,21584,21585,21586,21588],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,21587,11737],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[51,21590,21592],{"className":53,"code":21591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,21593,21594,21619,21623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21595,21596,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21597,21598],{"class":66},"profile ",[60,21600,71],{"class":70},[60,21602,11488],{"class":74},[60,21604,79],{"class":78},[60,21606,8666],{"class":82},[60,21608,79],{"class":78},[60,21610,3901],{"class":74},[60,21612,91],{"class":78},[60,21614,1799],{"class":82},[60,21616,79],{"class":78},[60,21618,10306],{"class":74},[60,21620,21621],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21622,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21624,21625,21627,21629,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21651,21653,21655],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21626,143],{"class":142},[60,21628,130],{"class":74},[60,21630,21631],{"class":126},"profile",[60,21633,123],{"class":74},[60,21635,20744],{"class":126},[60,21637,130],{"class":74},[60,21639,79],{"class":78},[60,21641,16255],{"class":82},[60,21643,79],{"class":78},[60,21645,88],{"class":74},[60,21647,91],{"class":78},[60,21649,21650],{"class":82},"Unknown",[60,21652,79],{"class":78},[60,21654,6362],{"class":74},[60,21656,21657],{"class":4674},"  # Unknown\n",[20,21659,21660],{},"This is useful for display text:",[33,21662,21663,21668,21673],{},[36,21664,21665],{},[15,21666,21667],{},"\"Unknown\"",[36,21669,21670],{},[15,21671,21672],{},"\"Not set\"",[36,21674,21675],{},[15,21676,21677],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,21679,21680],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[51,21682,21684],{"className":53,"code":21683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,21685,21686,21718,21722,21749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21687,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700,21702,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21689,6064],{"class":66},[60,21691,71],{"class":70},[60,21693,11488],{"class":74},[60,21695,79],{"class":78},[60,21697,19410],{"class":82},[60,21699,79],{"class":78},[60,21701,3901],{"class":74},[60,21703,7005],{"class":1402},[60,21705,88],{"class":74},[60,21707,91],{"class":78},[60,21709,19419],{"class":82},[60,21711,79],{"class":78},[60,21713,3901],{"class":74},[60,21715,7358],{"class":1402},[60,21717,10306],{"class":74},[60,21719,21720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21721,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21723,21724,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21725,21726],{"class":66},"total_history ",[60,21728,71],{"class":70},[60,21730,6111],{"class":66},[60,21732,123],{"class":74},[60,21734,20744],{"class":126},[60,21736,130],{"class":74},[60,21738,79],{"class":78},[60,21740,19428],{"class":82},[60,21742,79],{"class":78},[60,21744,88],{"class":74},[60,21746,4843],{"class":1402},[60,21748,136],{"class":74},[60,21750,21751,21753,21755,21758,21760],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21752,143],{"class":142},[60,21754,130],{"class":74},[60,21756,21757],{"class":126},"total_history",[60,21759,2662],{"class":74},[60,21761,21762],{"class":4674},"   # 0\n",[20,21764,21765,21766,21768],{},"Here, ",[15,21767,3137],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21770,21771],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[33,21773,21774,21777,21782,21787],{},[36,21775,21776],{},"Use a string for text",[36,21778,171,21779,21781],{},[15,21780,3137],{}," for numbers",[36,21783,171,21784,21786],{},[15,21785,4797],{}," for lists if needed",[36,21788,171,21789,21791],{},[15,21790,4802],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[46,21793,21795],{"id":21794},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21797,21798,21799,123],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21800,11737],{},[415,21802,21804,21806],{"id":21803},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21805,11737],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21808,21809,21810,21812],{},"This code does ",[4753,21811,5632],{}," create a new key:",[51,21814,21816],{"className":53,"code":21815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21817,21818,21842,21846,21871],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21819,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21821,14196],{"class":66},[60,21823,71],{"class":70},[60,21825,11488],{"class":74},[60,21827,79],{"class":78},[60,21829,8666],{"class":82},[60,21831,79],{"class":78},[60,21833,3901],{"class":74},[60,21835,91],{"class":78},[60,21837,463],{"class":82},[60,21839,79],{"class":78},[60,21841,10306],{"class":74},[60,21843,21844],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21845,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21847,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21849,143],{"class":142},[60,21851,130],{"class":74},[60,21853,18301],{"class":126},[60,21855,123],{"class":74},[60,21857,20744],{"class":126},[60,21859,130],{"class":74},[60,21861,79],{"class":78},[60,21863,11406],{"class":82},[60,21865,79],{"class":78},[60,21867,6362],{"class":74},[60,21869,21870],{"class":4674},"  # None\n",[60,21872,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21874,143],{"class":142},[60,21876,130],{"class":74},[60,21878,18301],{"class":126},[60,21880,2662],{"class":74},[60,21882,21883],{"class":4674},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21885,21886],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[415,21888,21890,21892],{"id":21889},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21891,11737],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21894,21895],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[51,21897,21899],{"className":53,"code":21898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21900,21901,21927,21931,21957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,21902,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21914,21916,21918,21920,21923,21925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,21904,14818],{"class":66},[60,21906,71],{"class":70},[60,21908,11488],{"class":74},[60,21910,79],{"class":78},[60,21912,21913],{"class":82},"mode",[60,21915,79],{"class":78},[60,21917,3901],{"class":74},[60,21919,91],{"class":78},[60,21921,21922],{"class":82},"light",[60,21924,79],{"class":78},[60,21926,10306],{"class":74},[60,21928,21929],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,21930,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,21932,21933,21935,21937,21939,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,21934,14877],{"class":66},[60,21936,123],{"class":74},[60,21938,20744],{"class":126},[60,21940,130],{"class":74},[60,21942,79],{"class":78},[60,21944,13489],{"class":82},[60,21946,79],{"class":78},[60,21948,88],{"class":74},[60,21950,91],{"class":78},[60,21952,13498],{"class":82},[60,21954,79],{"class":78},[60,21956,136],{"class":74},[60,21958,21959,21961,21963,21965,21967],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,21960,143],{"class":142},[60,21962,130],{"class":74},[60,21964,14877],{"class":126},[60,21966,2662],{"class":74},[60,21968,21969],{"class":4674},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21971,21972,21973,21976],{},"Even though ",[15,21974,21975],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[415,21978,21980,21981],{"id":21979},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21982,1585],{},[20,21984,21985,21986,3412,21988,21990],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21987,11737],{},[15,21989,1585],{}," because:",[33,21992,21993,21996],{},[36,21994,21995],{},"The key is missing, or",[36,21997,21998,21999],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,22000,1585],{},[20,22002,236],{},[51,22004,22006],{"className":53,"code":22005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,22007,22008,22045,22049,22073],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22009,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22037,22039,22041,22043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22011,10163],{"class":66},[60,22013,71],{"class":70},[60,22015,11488],{"class":74},[60,22017,79],{"class":78},[60,22019,8666],{"class":82},[60,22021,79],{"class":78},[60,22023,3901],{"class":74},[60,22025,91],{"class":78},[60,22027,463],{"class":82},[60,22029,79],{"class":78},[60,22031,88],{"class":74},[60,22033,91],{"class":78},[60,22035,22036],{"class":82},"nickname",[60,22038,79],{"class":78},[60,22040,3901],{"class":74},[60,22042,1612],{"class":1611},[60,22044,10306],{"class":74},[60,22046,22047],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22048,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22050,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22052,143],{"class":142},[60,22054,130],{"class":74},[60,22056,10202],{"class":126},[60,22058,123],{"class":74},[60,22060,20744],{"class":126},[60,22062,130],{"class":74},[60,22064,79],{"class":78},[60,22066,22036],{"class":82},[60,22068,79],{"class":78},[60,22070,6362],{"class":74},[60,22072,21870],{"class":4674},[60,22074,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,22076,143],{"class":142},[60,22078,130],{"class":74},[60,22080,10202],{"class":126},[60,22082,123],{"class":74},[60,22084,20744],{"class":126},[60,22086,130],{"class":74},[60,22088,79],{"class":78},[60,22090,11406],{"class":82},[60,22092,79],{"class":78},[60,22094,6362],{"class":74},[60,22096,22097],{"class":4674},"      # None\n",[20,22099,22100,22101,22103],{},"Both lines print ",[15,22102,1585],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,22105,22106,22107,3901],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,22108,2672],{},[51,22110,22112],{"className":53,"code":22111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,22113,22114,22150,22154,22175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22115,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22117,10163],{"class":66},[60,22119,71],{"class":70},[60,22121,11488],{"class":74},[60,22123,79],{"class":78},[60,22125,8666],{"class":82},[60,22127,79],{"class":78},[60,22129,3901],{"class":74},[60,22131,91],{"class":78},[60,22133,463],{"class":82},[60,22135,79],{"class":78},[60,22137,88],{"class":74},[60,22139,91],{"class":78},[60,22141,22036],{"class":82},[60,22143,79],{"class":78},[60,22145,3901],{"class":74},[60,22147,1612],{"class":1611},[60,22149,10306],{"class":74},[60,22151,22152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22153,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22155,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22169,22171,22173],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22157,143],{"class":142},[60,22159,130],{"class":74},[60,22161,79],{"class":78},[60,22163,22036],{"class":82},[60,22165,79],{"class":78},[60,22167,22168],{"class":2665}," in",[60,22170,15559],{"class":126},[60,22172,2662],{"class":74},[60,22174,4675],{"class":4674},[60,22176,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,22178,143],{"class":142},[60,22180,130],{"class":74},[60,22182,79],{"class":78},[60,22184,11406],{"class":82},[60,22186,79],{"class":78},[60,22188,22168],{"class":2665},[60,22190,15559],{"class":126},[60,22192,2662],{"class":74},[60,22194,22195],{"class":4674},"      # False\n",[20,22197,22198,22199,123],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[551,22200,22201],{"href":18147},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[46,22203,3845],{"id":3844},[20,22205,22206,22207,3901],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,22208,11737],{},[33,22210,22211,22216,22223,22228],{},[36,22212,22213,22214],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,22215,20681],{},[36,22217,5706,22218,3412,22220,22222],{},[15,22219,11737],{},[15,22221,1585],{}," if no default is provided",[36,22224,5580,22225,22227],{},[15,22226,11737],{}," creates a key automatically",[36,22229,22230],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,22232,22233],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[51,22235,22237],{"className":53,"code":22236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,22238,22239,22249,22263,22281,22303],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22240,22241,22243,22245,22247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22242,143],{"class":142},[60,22244,130],{"class":74},[60,22246,12445],{"class":126},[60,22248,136],{"class":74},[60,22250,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22252,143],{"class":142},[60,22254,130],{"class":74},[60,22256,12445],{"class":126},[60,22258,123],{"class":74},[60,22260,17917],{"class":126},[60,22262,8193],{"class":74},[60,22264,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22266,143],{"class":142},[60,22268,130],{"class":74},[60,22270,356],{"class":78},[60,22272,8666],{"class":82},[60,22274,356],{"class":78},[60,22276,22168],{"class":2665},[60,22278,12761],{"class":126},[60,22280,136],{"class":74},[60,22282,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,22284,143],{"class":142},[60,22286,130],{"class":74},[60,22288,12445],{"class":126},[60,22290,123],{"class":74},[60,22292,20744],{"class":126},[60,22294,130],{"class":74},[60,22296,356],{"class":78},[60,22298,8666],{"class":82},[60,22300,356],{"class":78},[60,22302,1042],{"class":74},[60,22304,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,22306,143],{"class":142},[60,22308,130],{"class":74},[60,22310,2629],{"class":1527},[60,22312,130],{"class":74},[60,22314,12445],{"class":126},[60,22316,123],{"class":74},[60,22318,20744],{"class":126},[60,22320,130],{"class":74},[60,22322,356],{"class":78},[60,22324,8666],{"class":82},[60,22326,356],{"class":78},[60,22328,1992],{"class":74},[20,22330,22331],{},"What these checks tell you:",[33,22333,22334,22339,22345,22351,22357],{},[36,22335,22336,22338],{},[15,22337,13674],{}," shows the full dictionary",[36,22340,22341,22344],{},[15,22342,22343],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[36,22346,22347,22350],{},[15,22348,22349],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[36,22352,22353,22356],{},[15,22354,22355],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[36,22358,22359,22362],{},[15,22360,22361],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,22364,22365,22366,2360,22371,22375],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[551,22367,22368,22369,2887],{"href":18056},"the dictionary ",[15,22370,18059],{},[551,22372,22368,22373,2887],{"href":18069},[15,22374,18072],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[46,22377,2804],{"id":2803},[415,22379,2808,22381,22383,22384,2863],{"id":22380},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,22382,11737],{}," raise ",[15,22385,20681],{},[20,22387,22388,22389,22391],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,22390,1585],{}," or the default value you provide.",[415,22393,2808,22395,22397],{"id":22394},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,22396,11737],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,22399,22400],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[415,22402,22404,22405,2863],{"id":22403},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,22406,11737],{},[20,22408,22409,22411],{},[15,22410,1585],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[415,22413,22415,22416,22418],{"id":22414},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,22417,11737],{}," or square brackets?",[20,22420,171,22421,22423],{},[15,22422,11737],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[46,22425,2870],{"id":2869},[33,22427,22428,22432,22438,22444,22448,22453],{},[36,22429,22430],{},[551,22431,10153],{"href":10152},[36,22433,22434],{},[551,22435,11734,22436,2887],{"href":18056},[15,22437,18059],{},[36,22439,22440],{},[551,22441,11734,22442,2887],{"href":18069},[15,22443,18072],{},[36,22445,22446],{},[551,22447,18148],{"href":18147},[36,22449,22450],{},[551,22451,22452],{"href":17590},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[36,22454,22455],{},[551,22456,12258],{"href":12070},[2912,22458,22459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":22461},[22462,22464,22465,22467,22472,22473,22481,22482,22492],{"id":20826,"depth":111,"text":22463},"What get() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":21161,"depth":111,"text":22466},"When to use get()",{"id":21333,"depth":111,"text":22468,"children":22469},"get() vs square brackets",[22470,22471],{"id":21382,"depth":139,"text":21383},{"id":20744,"depth":139,"text":11737},{"id":21581,"depth":111,"text":21582},{"id":21794,"depth":111,"text":21795,"children":22474},[22475,22477,22479],{"id":21803,"depth":139,"text":22476},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21889,"depth":139,"text":22478},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21979,"depth":139,"text":22480},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":22483},[22484,22486,22488,22490],{"id":22380,"depth":139,"text":22485},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":22394,"depth":139,"text":22487},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":22403,"depth":139,"text":22489},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":22414,"depth":139,"text":22491},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20662,"description":22493},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":22500,"title":22501,"body":22502,"description":25056,"extension":2980,"meta":25057,"navigation":304,"path":25058,"seo":25059,"stem":25060,"__hash__":25061},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":22503,"toc":25022},[22504,22509,22515,22521,22523,22605,22609,22626,22631,22636,22641,22643,22657,22659,22722,22726,22766,22774,22776,22778,22793,22796,22809,22811,22890,22894,22960,22962,22966,22974,22976,22987,22989,23099,23103,23182,23188,23194,23199,23311,23315,23346,23349,23456,23462,23469,23473,23476,23579,23583,23644,23647,23650,23661,23670,23673,23690,23692,23791,23795,23870,23873,23896,23901,23906,23923,23925,24046,24050,24084,24086,24091,24098,24108,24110,24188,24191,24262,24272,24275,24306,24309,24348,24354,24361,24364,24455,24459,24540,24546,24549,24552,24657,24660,24663,24785,24789,24792,24859,24863,24900,24906,24908,24914,24919,24925,24932,24938,24941,24980,24986,24989,24991,25019],[10,22505,12314,22507,18],{"id":22506},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,22508,18072],{},[20,22510,2997,22511,22514],{},[15,22512,22513],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,22516,22517,22518,22520],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,22519,18072],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[46,22522,3022],{"id":3021},[51,22524,22526],{"className":53,"code":22525,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22527,22528,22564,22568,22591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22529,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22531,14196],{"class":66},[60,22533,71],{"class":70},[60,22535,11488],{"class":74},[60,22537,79],{"class":78},[60,22539,8666],{"class":82},[60,22541,79],{"class":78},[60,22543,3901],{"class":74},[60,22545,91],{"class":78},[60,22547,463],{"class":82},[60,22549,79],{"class":78},[60,22551,88],{"class":74},[60,22553,91],{"class":78},[60,22555,10296],{"class":82},[60,22557,79],{"class":78},[60,22559,3901],{"class":74},[60,22561,10303],{"class":1402},[60,22563,10306],{"class":74},[60,22565,22566],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22567,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22569,22570,22572,22575,22577,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22571,6960],{"class":2665},[60,22573,22574],{"class":66}," key",[60,22576,88],{"class":74},[60,22578,22579],{"class":66}," value ",[60,22581,2672],{"class":2665},[60,22583,14239],{"class":66},[60,22585,123],{"class":74},[60,22587,716],{"class":126},[60,22589,22590],{"class":74},"():\n",[60,22592,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,22594,9064],{"class":142},[60,22596,130],{"class":74},[60,22598,15834],{"class":126},[60,22600,88],{"class":74},[60,22602,9429],{"class":126},[60,22604,136],{"class":74},[20,22606,22607],{},[4753,22608,153],{},[51,22610,22612],{"className":53,"code":22611,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,22613,22614,22619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22615,22616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22617,22618],{"class":66},"name Ana\n",[60,22620,22621,22624],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22622,22623],{"class":66},"age ",[60,22625,3723],{"class":1402},[20,22627,171,22628,22630],{},[15,22629,18072],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[46,22632,178,22634,181],{"id":22633},"what-items-does",[15,22635,18072],{},[20,22637,22638,22640],{},[15,22639,18072],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,22642,189],{},[33,22644,22645,22651,22654],{},[36,22646,22647,22648],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,22649,22650],{},"(key, value)",[36,22652,22653],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[36,22655,22656],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,22658,236],{},[51,22660,22662],{"className":53,"code":22661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22663,22664,22700,22704],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22665,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22667,14196],{"class":66},[60,22669,71],{"class":70},[60,22671,11488],{"class":74},[60,22673,79],{"class":78},[60,22675,8666],{"class":82},[60,22677,79],{"class":78},[60,22679,3901],{"class":74},[60,22681,91],{"class":78},[60,22683,463],{"class":82},[60,22685,79],{"class":78},[60,22687,88],{"class":74},[60,22689,91],{"class":78},[60,22691,10296],{"class":82},[60,22693,79],{"class":78},[60,22695,3901],{"class":74},[60,22697,10303],{"class":1402},[60,22699,10306],{"class":74},[60,22701,22702],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22703,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22705,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22707,143],{"class":142},[60,22709,130],{"class":74},[60,22711,9089],{"class":1527},[60,22713,130],{"class":74},[60,22715,18301],{"class":126},[60,22717,123],{"class":74},[60,22719,716],{"class":126},[60,22721,7288],{"class":74},[20,22723,22724],{},[4753,22725,153],{},[51,22727,22729],{"className":53,"code":22728,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22730,22731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22732,22733,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22734,22735],{"class":74},"[(",[60,22737,356],{"class":78},[60,22739,8666],{"class":82},[60,22741,356],{"class":78},[60,22743,88],{"class":74},[60,22745,365],{"class":78},[60,22747,463],{"class":82},[60,22749,356],{"class":78},[60,22751,10231],{"class":74},[60,22753,1776],{"class":74},[60,22755,356],{"class":78},[60,22757,10296],{"class":82},[60,22759,356],{"class":78},[60,22761,88],{"class":74},[60,22763,10303],{"class":1402},[60,22765,10246],{"class":74},[20,22767,22768,22769,3894,22771,123],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[551,22770,10153],{"href":14017},[551,22772,16018],{"href":22773},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[46,22775,389],{"id":388},[20,22777,6435],{},[51,22779,22781],{"className":53,"code":22780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22782,22783],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22784,22785,22787,22789,22791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22786,12445],{"class":66},[60,22788,123],{"class":74},[60,22790,716],{"class":126},[60,22792,9640],{"class":74},[20,22794,22795],{},"Things to remember:",[33,22797,22798,22803,22806],{},[36,22799,22800,22802],{},[15,22801,18072],{}," does not take any arguments",[36,22804,22805],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[36,22807,22808],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22810,236],{},[51,22812,22814],{"className":53,"code":22813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22815,22816,22848,22852,22866,22870,22880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22817,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22819,6064],{"class":66},[60,22821,71],{"class":70},[60,22823,11488],{"class":74},[60,22825,79],{"class":78},[60,22827,6005],{"class":82},[60,22829,79],{"class":78},[60,22831,3901],{"class":74},[60,22833,20892],{"class":1402},[60,22835,88],{"class":74},[60,22837,91],{"class":78},[60,22839,6014],{"class":82},[60,22841,79],{"class":78},[60,22843,3901],{"class":74},[60,22845,14499],{"class":1402},[60,22847,10306],{"class":74},[60,22849,22850],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22851,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22853,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,22855,114],{"class":66},[60,22857,71],{"class":70},[60,22859,6111],{"class":66},[60,22861,123],{"class":74},[60,22863,716],{"class":126},[60,22865,9640],{"class":74},[60,22867,22868],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,22869,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,22873,143],{"class":142},[60,22875,130],{"class":74},[60,22877,148],{"class":126},[60,22879,136],{"class":74},[60,22881,22882,22884,22886,22888],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,22883,143],{"class":142},[60,22885,130],{"class":74},[60,22887,17382],{"class":126},[60,22889,136],{"class":74},[20,22891,22892],{},[4753,22893,153],{},[51,22895,22897],{"className":53,"code":22896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22898,22899,22932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22900,22901,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22902,22903],{"class":126},"dict_items",[60,22905,10655],{"class":74},[60,22907,356],{"class":78},[60,22909,6005],{"class":82},[60,22911,356],{"class":78},[60,22913,88],{"class":74},[60,22915,20892],{"class":1402},[60,22917,10231],{"class":74},[60,22919,1776],{"class":74},[60,22921,356],{"class":78},[60,22923,6014],{"class":82},[60,22925,356],{"class":78},[60,22927,88],{"class":74},[60,22929,14499],{"class":1402},[60,22931,11676],{"class":74},[60,22933,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,22935,10275],{"class":74},[60,22937,356],{"class":78},[60,22939,6005],{"class":82},[60,22941,356],{"class":78},[60,22943,3901],{"class":74},[60,22945,20892],{"class":1402},[60,22947,88],{"class":74},[60,22949,365],{"class":78},[60,22951,6014],{"class":82},[60,22953,356],{"class":78},[60,22955,3901],{"class":74},[60,22957,14499],{"class":1402},[60,22959,10306],{"class":74},[20,22961,21886],{},[46,22963,22965],{"id":22964},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22967,22968,22970,22971,22973],{},[15,22969,18072],{}," returns a ",[15,22972,22903],{}," view object.",[20,22975,3124],{},[33,22977,22978,22981,22984],{},[36,22979,22980],{},"You can loop over it",[36,22982,22983],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[36,22985,22986],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22988,236],{},[51,22990,22992],{"className":53,"code":22991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22993,22994,23026,23040,23044,23058,23062,23081,23085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,22995,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,22997,10163],{"class":66},[60,22999,71],{"class":70},[60,23001,11488],{"class":74},[60,23003,79],{"class":78},[60,23005,3191],{"class":82},[60,23007,79],{"class":78},[60,23009,3901],{"class":74},[60,23011,6499],{"class":1402},[60,23013,88],{"class":74},[60,23015,91],{"class":78},[60,23017,785],{"class":82},[60,23019,79],{"class":78},[60,23021,3901],{"class":74},[60,23023,1437],{"class":1402},[60,23025,10306],{"class":74},[60,23027,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23029,10213],{"class":66},[60,23031,71],{"class":70},[60,23033,15559],{"class":66},[60,23035,123],{"class":74},[60,23037,716],{"class":126},[60,23039,9640],{"class":74},[60,23041,23042],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23043,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23045,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23047,143],{"class":142},[60,23049,130],{"class":74},[60,23051,9089],{"class":1527},[60,23053,130],{"class":74},[60,23055,10259],{"class":126},[60,23057,1042],{"class":74},[60,23059,23060],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,23061,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23063,23064,23066,23068,23070,23073,23075,23077,23079],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,23065,10202],{"class":66},[60,23067,353],{"class":74},[60,23069,79],{"class":78},[60,23071,23072],{"class":82},"z",[60,23074,79],{"class":78},[60,23076,14265],{"class":74},[60,23078,14268],{"class":70},[60,23080,1569],{"class":1402},[60,23082,23083],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,23084,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23086,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,23088,143],{"class":142},[60,23090,130],{"class":74},[60,23092,9089],{"class":1527},[60,23094,130],{"class":74},[60,23096,10259],{"class":126},[60,23098,1042],{"class":74},[20,23100,23101],{},[4753,23102,153],{},[51,23104,23106],{"className":53,"code":23105,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,23107,23108,23138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23109,23110,23112,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23111,22735],{"class":74},[60,23113,356],{"class":78},[60,23115,3191],{"class":82},[60,23117,356],{"class":78},[60,23119,88],{"class":74},[60,23121,6499],{"class":1402},[60,23123,10231],{"class":74},[60,23125,1776],{"class":74},[60,23127,356],{"class":78},[60,23129,785],{"class":82},[60,23131,356],{"class":78},[60,23133,88],{"class":74},[60,23135,1437],{"class":1402},[60,23137,10246],{"class":74},[60,23139,23140,23142,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23141,22735],{"class":74},[60,23143,356],{"class":78},[60,23145,3191],{"class":82},[60,23147,356],{"class":78},[60,23149,88],{"class":74},[60,23151,6499],{"class":1402},[60,23153,10231],{"class":74},[60,23155,1776],{"class":74},[60,23157,356],{"class":78},[60,23159,785],{"class":82},[60,23161,356],{"class":78},[60,23163,88],{"class":74},[60,23165,1437],{"class":1402},[60,23167,10231],{"class":74},[60,23169,1776],{"class":74},[60,23171,356],{"class":78},[60,23173,23072],{"class":82},[60,23175,356],{"class":78},[60,23177,88],{"class":74},[60,23179,1442],{"class":1402},[60,23181,10246],{"class":74},[20,23183,23184,23185,23187],{},"This happens because ",[15,23186,10259],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[46,23189,23191,23192],{"id":23190},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,23193,18072],{},[20,23195,23196,23197,3901],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,23198,18072],{},[51,23200,23202],{"className":53,"code":23201,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,23203,23204,23256,23260,23280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23205,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23207,13858],{"class":66},[60,23209,71],{"class":70},[60,23211,11488],{"class":74},[60,23213,79],{"class":78},[60,23215,8666],{"class":82},[60,23217,79],{"class":78},[60,23219,3901],{"class":74},[60,23221,91],{"class":78},[60,23223,1799],{"class":82},[60,23225,79],{"class":78},[60,23227,88],{"class":74},[60,23229,91],{"class":78},[60,23231,20885],{"class":82},[60,23233,79],{"class":78},[60,23235,3901],{"class":74},[60,23237,91],{"class":78},[60,23239,1260],{"class":82},[60,23241,79],{"class":78},[60,23243,88],{"class":74},[60,23245,91],{"class":78},[60,23247,10296],{"class":82},[60,23249,79],{"class":78},[60,23251,3901],{"class":74},[60,23253,14850],{"class":1402},[60,23255,10306],{"class":74},[60,23257,23258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23259,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23261,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23263,6960],{"class":2665},[60,23265,22574],{"class":66},[60,23267,88],{"class":74},[60,23269,22579],{"class":66},[60,23271,2672],{"class":2665},[60,23273,13900],{"class":66},[60,23275,123],{"class":74},[60,23277,716],{"class":126},[60,23279,22590],{"class":74},[60,23281,23282,23284,23286,23289,23291,23293,23295,23298,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23283,9064],{"class":142},[60,23285,130],{"class":74},[60,23287,23288],{"class":3082},"f",[60,23290,79],{"class":82},[60,23292,10275],{"class":1402},[60,23294,15834],{"class":126},[60,23296,23297],{"class":1402},"}",[60,23299,23300],{"class":82},": ",[60,23302,10275],{"class":1402},[60,23304,3487],{"class":126},[60,23306,23297],{"class":1402},[60,23308,79],{"class":82},[60,23310,136],{"class":74},[20,23312,23313],{},[4753,23314,153],{},[51,23316,23318],{"className":53,"code":23317,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,23319,23320,23328,23337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23321,23322,23324,23326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23323,8666],{"class":66},[60,23325,3901],{"class":74},[60,23327,1849],{"class":66},[60,23329,23330,23332,23334],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23331,20885],{"class":66},[60,23333,3901],{"class":74},[60,23335,23336],{"class":66}," A\n",[60,23338,23339,23341,23343],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23340,10296],{"class":66},[60,23342,3901],{"class":74},[60,23344,23345],{"class":1402}," 14\n",[20,23347,23348],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[51,23350,23352],{"className":53,"code":23351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,23353,23354,23406,23410,23422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23355,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23357,13858],{"class":66},[60,23359,71],{"class":70},[60,23361,11488],{"class":74},[60,23363,79],{"class":78},[60,23365,8666],{"class":82},[60,23367,79],{"class":78},[60,23369,3901],{"class":74},[60,23371,91],{"class":78},[60,23373,1799],{"class":82},[60,23375,79],{"class":78},[60,23377,88],{"class":74},[60,23379,91],{"class":78},[60,23381,20885],{"class":82},[60,23383,79],{"class":78},[60,23385,3901],{"class":74},[60,23387,91],{"class":78},[60,23389,1260],{"class":82},[60,23391,79],{"class":78},[60,23393,88],{"class":74},[60,23395,91],{"class":78},[60,23397,10296],{"class":82},[60,23399,79],{"class":78},[60,23401,3901],{"class":74},[60,23403,14850],{"class":1402},[60,23405,10306],{"class":74},[60,23407,23408],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23409,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23411,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23413,6960],{"class":2665},[60,23415,19202],{"class":66},[60,23417,2672],{"class":2665},[60,23419,13900],{"class":66},[60,23421,7392],{"class":74},[60,23423,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23425,9064],{"class":142},[60,23427,130],{"class":74},[60,23429,23288],{"class":3082},[60,23431,79],{"class":82},[60,23433,10275],{"class":1402},[60,23435,15834],{"class":126},[60,23437,23297],{"class":1402},[60,23439,23300],{"class":82},[60,23441,10275],{"class":1402},[60,23443,14618],{"class":126},[60,23445,353],{"class":74},[60,23447,15834],{"class":126},[60,23449,14265],{"class":74},[60,23451,23297],{"class":1402},[60,23453,79],{"class":82},[60,23455,136],{"class":74},[20,23457,7510,23458,23461],{},[15,23459,23460],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,23463,23464,23465,123],{},"For a full guide, see ",[551,23466,23468],{"href":23467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[46,23470,23472],{"id":23471},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,23474,23475],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[51,23477,23479],{"className":53,"code":23478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,23480,23481,23540,23544,23564,23568],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23482,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23518,23520,23522,23524,23527,23529,23531,23533,23536,23538],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23484,1070],{"class":66},[60,23486,71],{"class":70},[60,23488,11488],{"class":74},[60,23490,79],{"class":78},[60,23492,1604],{"class":82},[60,23494,79],{"class":78},[60,23496,3901],{"class":74},[60,23498,91],{"class":78},[60,23500,254],{"class":82},[60,23502,79],{"class":78},[60,23504,88],{"class":74},[60,23506,91],{"class":78},[60,23508,1619],{"class":82},[60,23510,79],{"class":78},[60,23512,3901],{"class":74},[60,23514,91],{"class":78},[60,23516,23517],{"class":82},"yellow",[60,23519,79],{"class":78},[60,23521,88],{"class":74},[60,23523,91],{"class":78},[60,23525,23526],{"class":82},"grape",[60,23528,79],{"class":78},[60,23530,3901],{"class":74},[60,23532,91],{"class":78},[60,23534,23535],{"class":82},"purple",[60,23537,79],{"class":78},[60,23539,10306],{"class":74},[60,23541,23542],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23543,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23545,23546,23549,23551,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23547,23548],{"class":66},"pairs_list ",[60,23550,71],{"class":70},[60,23552,23553],{"class":1527}," list",[60,23555,130],{"class":74},[60,23557,1119],{"class":126},[60,23559,123],{"class":74},[60,23561,716],{"class":126},[60,23563,8193],{"class":74},[60,23565,23566],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23567,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23569,23570,23572,23574,23577],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,23571,143],{"class":142},[60,23573,130],{"class":74},[60,23575,23576],{"class":126},"pairs_list",[60,23578,136],{"class":74},[20,23580,23581],{},[4753,23582,153],{},[51,23584,23586],{"className":53,"code":23585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,23587,23588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23589,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640,23642],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23591,22735],{"class":74},[60,23593,356],{"class":78},[60,23595,1604],{"class":82},[60,23597,356],{"class":78},[60,23599,88],{"class":74},[60,23601,365],{"class":78},[60,23603,254],{"class":82},[60,23605,356],{"class":78},[60,23607,10231],{"class":74},[60,23609,1776],{"class":74},[60,23611,356],{"class":78},[60,23613,1619],{"class":82},[60,23615,356],{"class":78},[60,23617,88],{"class":74},[60,23619,365],{"class":78},[60,23621,23517],{"class":82},[60,23623,356],{"class":78},[60,23625,10231],{"class":74},[60,23627,1776],{"class":74},[60,23629,356],{"class":78},[60,23631,23526],{"class":82},[60,23633,356],{"class":78},[60,23635,88],{"class":74},[60,23637,365],{"class":78},[60,23639,23535],{"class":82},[60,23641,356],{"class":78},[60,23643,10246],{"class":74},[20,23645,23646],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,23648,23649],{},"Use this when:",[33,23651,23652,23655,23658],{},[36,23653,23654],{},"You want clearer printed output",[36,23656,23657],{},"You need list behavior",[36,23659,23660],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[46,23662,23664,11583,23666,11583,23668],{"id":23663},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,23665,18072],{},[15,23667,18059],{},[15,23669,18065],{},[20,23671,23672],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[33,23674,23675,23680,23685],{},[36,23676,23677,23679],{},[15,23678,18072],{}," gives both key and value",[36,23681,23682,23684],{},[15,23683,18059],{}," gives only keys",[36,23686,23687,23689],{},[15,23688,18065],{}," gives only values",[20,23691,236],{},[51,23693,23695],{"className":53,"code":23694,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,23696,23697,23733,23737,23755,23773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23698,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713,23715,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23700,14196],{"class":66},[60,23702,71],{"class":70},[60,23704,11488],{"class":74},[60,23706,79],{"class":78},[60,23708,8666],{"class":82},[60,23710,79],{"class":78},[60,23712,3901],{"class":74},[60,23714,91],{"class":78},[60,23716,463],{"class":82},[60,23718,79],{"class":78},[60,23720,88],{"class":74},[60,23722,91],{"class":78},[60,23724,10296],{"class":82},[60,23726,79],{"class":78},[60,23728,3901],{"class":74},[60,23730,10303],{"class":1402},[60,23732,10306],{"class":74},[60,23734,23735],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23736,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23738,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23740,143],{"class":142},[60,23742,130],{"class":74},[60,23744,9089],{"class":1527},[60,23746,130],{"class":74},[60,23748,18301],{"class":126},[60,23750,123],{"class":74},[60,23752,17917],{"class":126},[60,23754,7288],{"class":74},[60,23756,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23758,143],{"class":142},[60,23760,130],{"class":74},[60,23762,9089],{"class":1527},[60,23764,130],{"class":74},[60,23766,18301],{"class":126},[60,23768,123],{"class":74},[60,23770,1388],{"class":126},[60,23772,7288],{"class":74},[60,23774,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,23776,143],{"class":142},[60,23778,130],{"class":74},[60,23780,9089],{"class":1527},[60,23782,130],{"class":74},[60,23784,18301],{"class":126},[60,23786,123],{"class":74},[60,23788,716],{"class":126},[60,23790,7288],{"class":74},[20,23792,23793],{},[4753,23794,153],{},[51,23796,23798],{"className":53,"code":23797,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23799,23800,23820,23836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23801,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23803,353],{"class":74},[60,23805,356],{"class":78},[60,23807,8666],{"class":82},[60,23809,356],{"class":78},[60,23811,88],{"class":74},[60,23813,365],{"class":78},[60,23815,10296],{"class":82},[60,23817,356],{"class":78},[60,23819,108],{"class":74},[60,23821,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23823,353],{"class":74},[60,23825,356],{"class":78},[60,23827,463],{"class":82},[60,23829,356],{"class":78},[60,23831,88],{"class":74},[60,23833,10303],{"class":1402},[60,23835,108],{"class":74},[60,23837,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23839,22735],{"class":74},[60,23841,356],{"class":78},[60,23843,8666],{"class":82},[60,23845,356],{"class":78},[60,23847,88],{"class":74},[60,23849,365],{"class":78},[60,23851,463],{"class":82},[60,23853,356],{"class":78},[60,23855,10231],{"class":74},[60,23857,1776],{"class":74},[60,23859,356],{"class":78},[60,23861,10296],{"class":82},[60,23863,356],{"class":78},[60,23865,88],{"class":74},[60,23867,10303],{"class":1402},[60,23869,10246],{"class":74},[20,23871,23872],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[33,23874,23875,23883,23891],{},[36,23876,23877,23878],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[551,23879,23881],{"href":23880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23882,18059],{},[36,23884,23885,23886],{},"Need just values? Use ",[551,23887,23889],{"href":23888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23890,18065],{},[36,23892,23893,23894],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23895,18072],{},[46,23897,5963,23899],{"id":23898},"when-to-use-items",[15,23900,18072],{},[20,23902,23903,23905],{},[15,23904,18072],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[33,23907,23908,23911,23914,23917,23920],{},[36,23909,23910],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[36,23912,23913],{},"Building formatted output",[36,23915,23916],{},"Looping through settings and values",[36,23918,23919],{},"Showing names with scores",[36,23921,23922],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23924,236],{},[51,23926,23928],{"className":53,"code":23927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23929,23930,23938,23956,23975,23987,23991,23995,24016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,23931,23932,23934,23936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,23933,14818],{"class":66},[60,23935,71],{"class":70},[60,23937,12488],{"class":74},[60,23939,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,23941,12493],{"class":78},[60,23943,13489],{"class":82},[60,23945,79],{"class":78},[60,23947,3901],{"class":74},[60,23949,91],{"class":78},[60,23951,13498],{"class":82},[60,23953,79],{"class":78},[60,23955,12509],{"class":74},[60,23957,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23971,23973],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,23959,12493],{"class":78},[60,23961,21117],{"class":82},[60,23963,79],{"class":78},[60,23965,3901],{"class":74},[60,23967,91],{"class":78},[60,23969,23970],{"class":82},"English",[60,23972,79],{"class":78},[60,23974,12509],{"class":74},[60,23976,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,23978,12493],{"class":78},[60,23980,19518],{"class":82},[60,23982,79],{"class":78},[60,23984,3901],{"class":74},[60,23986,7422],{"class":1611},[60,23988,23989],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,23990,10306],{"class":74},[60,23992,23993],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,23994,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,23996,23997,23999,24002,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,23998,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24000,24001],{"class":66}," setting",[60,24003,88],{"class":74},[60,24005,22579],{"class":66},[60,24007,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24009,14862],{"class":66},[60,24011,123],{"class":74},[60,24013,716],{"class":126},[60,24015,22590],{"class":74},[60,24017,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24031,24033,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,24019,9064],{"class":142},[60,24021,130],{"class":74},[60,24023,23288],{"class":3082},[60,24025,79],{"class":82},[60,24027,10275],{"class":1402},[60,24029,24030],{"class":126},"setting",[60,24032,23297],{"class":1402},[60,24034,24035],{"class":82}," = ",[60,24037,10275],{"class":1402},[60,24039,3487],{"class":126},[60,24041,23297],{"class":1402},[60,24043,79],{"class":82},[60,24045,136],{"class":74},[20,24047,24048],{},[4753,24049,153],{},[51,24051,24053],{"className":53,"code":24052,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,24054,24055,24065,24075],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24056,24057,24060,24062],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24058,24059],{"class":66},"theme ",[60,24061,71],{"class":70},[60,24063,24064],{"class":66}," dark\n",[60,24066,24067,24070,24072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24068,24069],{"class":66},"language ",[60,24071,71],{"class":70},[60,24073,24074],{"class":66}," English\n",[60,24076,24077,24080,24082],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24078,24079],{"class":66},"notifications ",[60,24081,71],{"class":70},[60,24083,7422],{"class":1611},[46,24085,3845],{"id":3844},[20,24087,24088,24089,123],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,24090,18072],{},[415,24092,24094,24095,24097],{"id":24093},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,24096,18072],{}," incorrectly",[20,24099,24100,24101,24103,24104,24107],{},"Each result from ",[15,24102,18072],{}," has ",[4753,24105,24106],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,24109,7686],{},[51,24111,24112],{"className":53,"code":22525,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,24113,24114,24150,24154,24174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24115,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24117,14196],{"class":66},[60,24119,71],{"class":70},[60,24121,11488],{"class":74},[60,24123,79],{"class":78},[60,24125,8666],{"class":82},[60,24127,79],{"class":78},[60,24129,3901],{"class":74},[60,24131,91],{"class":78},[60,24133,463],{"class":82},[60,24135,79],{"class":78},[60,24137,88],{"class":74},[60,24139,91],{"class":78},[60,24141,10296],{"class":82},[60,24143,79],{"class":78},[60,24145,3901],{"class":74},[60,24147,10303],{"class":1402},[60,24149,10306],{"class":74},[60,24151,24152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24153,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24155,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24157,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24159,22574],{"class":66},[60,24161,88],{"class":74},[60,24163,22579],{"class":66},[60,24165,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24167,14239],{"class":66},[60,24169,123],{"class":74},[60,24171,716],{"class":126},[60,24173,22590],{"class":74},[60,24175,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24177,9064],{"class":142},[60,24179,130],{"class":74},[60,24181,15834],{"class":126},[60,24183,88],{"class":74},[60,24185,9429],{"class":126},[60,24187,136],{"class":74},[20,24189,24190],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[51,24192,24194],{"className":53,"code":24193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24195,24196,24232,24236,24252],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24197,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24199,14196],{"class":66},[60,24201,71],{"class":70},[60,24203,11488],{"class":74},[60,24205,79],{"class":78},[60,24207,8666],{"class":82},[60,24209,79],{"class":78},[60,24211,3901],{"class":74},[60,24213,91],{"class":78},[60,24215,463],{"class":82},[60,24217,79],{"class":78},[60,24219,88],{"class":74},[60,24221,91],{"class":78},[60,24223,10296],{"class":82},[60,24225,79],{"class":78},[60,24227,3901],{"class":74},[60,24229,10303],{"class":1402},[60,24231,10306],{"class":74},[60,24233,24234],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24235,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24237,24238,24240,24242,24244,24246,24248,24250],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24239,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24241,19202],{"class":66},[60,24243,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24245,14239],{"class":66},[60,24247,123],{"class":74},[60,24249,716],{"class":126},[60,24251,22590],{"class":74},[60,24253,24254,24256,24258,24260],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24255,9064],{"class":142},[60,24257,130],{"class":74},[60,24259,15834],{"class":126},[60,24261,136],{"class":74},[20,24263,24264,24265,24267,24268,24271],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,24266,15834],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,24269,24270],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,24273,24274],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[51,24276,24278],{"className":53,"code":24277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24279,24280,24296],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24281,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24283,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24285,2669],{"class":66},[60,24287,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24289,14239],{"class":66},[60,24291,123],{"class":74},[60,24293,716],{"class":126},[60,24295,22590],{"class":74},[60,24297,24298,24300,24302,24304],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24299,9064],{"class":142},[60,24301,130],{"class":74},[60,24303,2659],{"class":126},[60,24305,136],{"class":74},[20,24307,24308],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[51,24310,24312],{"className":53,"code":24311,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24313,24314,24334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24317,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24319,22574],{"class":66},[60,24321,88],{"class":74},[60,24323,22579],{"class":66},[60,24325,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24327,14239],{"class":66},[60,24329,123],{"class":74},[60,24331,716],{"class":126},[60,24333,22590],{"class":74},[60,24335,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24337,9064],{"class":142},[60,24339,130],{"class":74},[60,24341,15834],{"class":126},[60,24343,88],{"class":74},[60,24345,9429],{"class":126},[60,24347,136],{"class":74},[415,24349,9449,24351,24353],{"id":24350},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,24352,18072],{}," to return a regular list",[20,24355,24356,22970,24358,24360],{},[15,24357,18072],{},[15,24359,22903],{}," object, not a list.",[20,24362,24363],{},"Check it:",[51,24365,24367],{"className":53,"code":24366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,24368,24369,24401,24405,24419,24437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24370,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24372,12720],{"class":66},[60,24374,71],{"class":70},[60,24376,11488],{"class":74},[60,24378,79],{"class":78},[60,24380,551],{"class":82},[60,24382,79],{"class":78},[60,24384,3901],{"class":74},[60,24386,6499],{"class":1402},[60,24388,88],{"class":74},[60,24390,91],{"class":78},[60,24392,2258],{"class":82},[60,24394,79],{"class":78},[60,24396,3901],{"class":74},[60,24398,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24400,10306],{"class":74},[60,24402,24403],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24404,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24406,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24408,143],{"class":142},[60,24410,130],{"class":74},[60,24412,12445],{"class":126},[60,24414,123],{"class":74},[60,24416,716],{"class":126},[60,24418,8193],{"class":74},[60,24420,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24422,143],{"class":142},[60,24424,130],{"class":74},[60,24426,2629],{"class":1527},[60,24428,130],{"class":74},[60,24430,12445],{"class":126},[60,24432,123],{"class":74},[60,24434,716],{"class":126},[60,24436,7288],{"class":74},[60,24438,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451,24453],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,24440,143],{"class":142},[60,24442,130],{"class":74},[60,24444,9089],{"class":1527},[60,24446,130],{"class":74},[60,24448,12445],{"class":126},[60,24450,123],{"class":74},[60,24452,716],{"class":126},[60,24454,7288],{"class":74},[20,24456,24457],{},[4753,24458,153],{},[51,24460,24462],{"className":53,"code":24461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,24463,24464,24496,24510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24465,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24467,22903],{"class":126},[60,24469,10655],{"class":74},[60,24471,356],{"class":78},[60,24473,551],{"class":82},[60,24475,356],{"class":78},[60,24477,88],{"class":74},[60,24479,6499],{"class":1402},[60,24481,10231],{"class":74},[60,24483,1776],{"class":74},[60,24485,356],{"class":78},[60,24487,2258],{"class":82},[60,24489,356],{"class":78},[60,24491,88],{"class":74},[60,24493,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24495,11676],{"class":74},[60,24497,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24499,4304],{"class":70},[60,24501,4307],{"class":3082},[60,24503,365],{"class":78},[60,24505,22903],{"class":82},[60,24507,356],{"class":78},[60,24509,4316],{"class":70},[60,24511,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534,24536,24538],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24513,22735],{"class":74},[60,24515,356],{"class":78},[60,24517,551],{"class":82},[60,24519,356],{"class":78},[60,24521,88],{"class":74},[60,24523,6499],{"class":1402},[60,24525,10231],{"class":74},[60,24527,1776],{"class":74},[60,24529,356],{"class":78},[60,24531,2258],{"class":82},[60,24533,356],{"class":78},[60,24535,88],{"class":74},[60,24537,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24539,10246],{"class":74},[415,24541,24543,24544],{"id":24542},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,24545,18072],{},[20,24547,24548],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,24550,24551],{},"Problem example:",[51,24553,24555],{"className":53,"code":24554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,24556,24557,24601,24605,24625,24637],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24558,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24560,4629],{"class":66},[60,24562,71],{"class":70},[60,24564,11488],{"class":74},[60,24566,79],{"class":78},[60,24568,551],{"class":82},[60,24570,79],{"class":78},[60,24572,3901],{"class":74},[60,24574,6499],{"class":1402},[60,24576,88],{"class":74},[60,24578,91],{"class":78},[60,24580,2258],{"class":82},[60,24582,79],{"class":78},[60,24584,3901],{"class":74},[60,24586,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24588,88],{"class":74},[60,24590,91],{"class":78},[60,24592,1895],{"class":82},[60,24594,79],{"class":78},[60,24596,3901],{"class":74},[60,24598,1442],{"class":1402},[60,24600,10306],{"class":74},[60,24602,24603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24604,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24608,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24610,22574],{"class":66},[60,24612,88],{"class":74},[60,24614,22579],{"class":66},[60,24616,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24618,5264],{"class":66},[60,24620,123],{"class":74},[60,24622,716],{"class":126},[60,24624,22590],{"class":74},[60,24626,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24628,7397],{"class":2665},[60,24630,22579],{"class":66},[60,24632,5690],{"class":70},[60,24634,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24636,7392],{"class":74},[60,24638,24639,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,24640,24641],{"class":66},"        numbers",[60,24643,353],{"class":74},[60,24645,79],{"class":78},[60,24647,19761],{"class":82},[60,24649,79],{"class":78},[60,24651,14265],{"class":74},[60,24653,14268],{"class":70},[60,24655,24656],{"class":1402}," 4\n",[20,24658,24659],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,24661,24662],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[51,24664,24666],{"className":53,"code":24665,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,24667,24668,24712,24716,24741,24753,24771,24775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24669,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24671,4629],{"class":66},[60,24673,71],{"class":70},[60,24675,11488],{"class":74},[60,24677,79],{"class":78},[60,24679,551],{"class":82},[60,24681,79],{"class":78},[60,24683,3901],{"class":74},[60,24685,6499],{"class":1402},[60,24687,88],{"class":74},[60,24689,91],{"class":78},[60,24691,2258],{"class":82},[60,24693,79],{"class":78},[60,24695,3901],{"class":74},[60,24697,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24699,88],{"class":74},[60,24701,91],{"class":78},[60,24703,1895],{"class":82},[60,24705,79],{"class":78},[60,24707,3901],{"class":74},[60,24709,1442],{"class":1402},[60,24711,10306],{"class":74},[60,24713,24714],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24715,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24717,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24719,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24721,22574],{"class":66},[60,24723,88],{"class":74},[60,24725,22579],{"class":66},[60,24727,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24729,23553],{"class":1527},[60,24731,130],{"class":74},[60,24733,4659],{"class":126},[60,24735,123],{"class":74},[60,24737,716],{"class":126},[60,24739,24740],{"class":74},"()):\n",[60,24742,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24744,7397],{"class":2665},[60,24746,22579],{"class":66},[60,24748,5690],{"class":70},[60,24750,1437],{"class":1402},[60,24752,7392],{"class":74},[60,24754,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,24756,24641],{"class":66},[60,24758,353],{"class":74},[60,24760,79],{"class":78},[60,24762,19761],{"class":82},[60,24764,79],{"class":78},[60,24766,14265],{"class":74},[60,24768,14268],{"class":70},[60,24770,24656],{"class":1402},[60,24772,24773],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,24774,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24776,24777,24779,24781,24783],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,24778,143],{"class":142},[60,24780,130],{"class":74},[60,24782,4659],{"class":126},[60,24784,136],{"class":74},[415,24786,24788],{"id":24787},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24790,24791],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[51,24793,24795],{"className":53,"code":24794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24796,24797,24829,24833,24849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24798,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24800,10163],{"class":66},[60,24802,71],{"class":70},[60,24804,11488],{"class":74},[60,24806,79],{"class":78},[60,24808,3191],{"class":82},[60,24810,79],{"class":78},[60,24812,3901],{"class":74},[60,24814,7005],{"class":1402},[60,24816,88],{"class":74},[60,24818,91],{"class":78},[60,24820,785],{"class":82},[60,24822,79],{"class":78},[60,24824,3901],{"class":74},[60,24826,1407],{"class":1402},[60,24828,10306],{"class":74},[60,24830,24831],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24832,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,24834,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24845,24847],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,24836,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24838,2669],{"class":66},[60,24840,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24842,15559],{"class":66},[60,24844,123],{"class":74},[60,24846,716],{"class":126},[60,24848,22590],{"class":74},[60,24850,24851,24853,24855,24857],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,24852,9064],{"class":142},[60,24854,130],{"class":74},[60,24856,2659],{"class":126},[60,24858,136],{"class":74},[20,24860,24861],{},[4753,24862,153],{},[51,24864,24866],{"className":53,"code":24865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24867,24868,24884],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24869,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24871,130],{"class":74},[60,24873,356],{"class":78},[60,24875,3191],{"class":82},[60,24877,356],{"class":78},[60,24879,88],{"class":74},[60,24881,7005],{"class":1402},[60,24883,136],{"class":74},[60,24885,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24887,130],{"class":74},[60,24889,356],{"class":78},[60,24891,785],{"class":82},[60,24893,356],{"class":78},[60,24895,88],{"class":74},[60,24897,1407],{"class":1402},[60,24899,136],{"class":74},[20,24901,24902,24903,24905],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24904,22650],{}," pair.",[46,24907,2804],{"id":2803},[415,24909,24911,24912,6145],{"id":24910},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24913,18072],{},[20,24915,18416,24916,24918],{},[15,24917,22903],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[415,24920,2808,24922,24924],{"id":24921},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24923,18072],{}," return a list?",[20,24926,24927,24928,24931],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24929,24930],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[415,24933,24935,24936,2863],{"id":24934},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24937,18072],{},[20,24939,24940],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[51,24942,24944],{"className":53,"code":24943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24945,24946,24966],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,24947,24948,24950,24952,24954,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,24949,6960],{"class":2665},[60,24951,22574],{"class":66},[60,24953,88],{"class":74},[60,24955,22579],{"class":66},[60,24957,2672],{"class":2665},[60,24959,12761],{"class":66},[60,24961,123],{"class":74},[60,24963,716],{"class":126},[60,24965,22590],{"class":74},[60,24967,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,24969,9064],{"class":142},[60,24971,130],{"class":74},[60,24973,15834],{"class":126},[60,24975,88],{"class":74},[60,24977,9429],{"class":126},[60,24979,136],{"class":74},[415,24981,2808,24983,24985],{"id":24982},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24984,18072],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24987,24988],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[46,24990,2870],{"id":2869},[33,24992,24993,24999,25005,25010,25014],{},[36,24994,24995],{},[551,24996,11734,24997,2887],{"href":23880},[15,24998,18059],{},[36,25000,25001],{},[551,25002,11734,25003,2887],{"href":23888},[15,25004,18065],{},[36,25006,25007],{},[551,25008,25009],{"href":23467},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[36,25011,25012],{},[551,25013,10153],{"href":14017},[36,25015,25016],{},[551,25017,25018],{"href":22773},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2912,25020,25021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":25023},[25024,25025,25027,25028,25029,25031,25032,25034,25036,25045,25055],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":22633,"depth":111,"text":25026},"What items() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":22964,"depth":111,"text":22965},{"id":23190,"depth":111,"text":25030},"Looping with items()",{"id":23471,"depth":111,"text":23472},{"id":23663,"depth":111,"text":25033},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23898,"depth":111,"text":25035},"When to use items()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":25037},[25038,25040,25042,25044],{"id":24093,"depth":139,"text":25039},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":24350,"depth":139,"text":25041},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":24542,"depth":139,"text":25043},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24787,"depth":139,"text":24788},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":25046},[25047,25049,25051,25053],{"id":24910,"depth":139,"text":25048},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24921,"depth":139,"text":25050},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24934,"depth":139,"text":25052},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24982,"depth":139,"text":25054},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":22501,"description":25056},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":25063,"title":25064,"body":25065,"description":27155,"extension":2980,"meta":27156,"navigation":304,"path":23880,"seo":27157,"stem":27158,"__hash__":27159},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":25066,"toc":27121},[25067,25072,25078,25081,25092,25099,25101,25184,25188,25235,25240,25245,25250,25252,25268,25270,25369,25373,25430,25433,25435,25438,25531,25535,25598,25601,25617,25622,25624,25626,25641,25643,25654,25656,25699,25702,25746,25749,25751,25758,25761,25778,25780,25873,25877,25918,25930,25934,25937,26025,26029,26049,26052,26079,26086,26091,26095,26106,26108,26212,26216,26242,26245,26312,26317,26320,26343,26348,26352,26357,26363,26368,26370,26425,26429,26456,26463,26469,26472,26497,26503,26529,26532,26607,26614,26619,26621,26660,26677,26681,26684,26727,26730,26732,26751,26753,26758,26783,26786,26856,26859,26932,26936,26938,26999,27002,27018,27020,27025,27030,27037,27046,27052,27058,27065,27071,27075,27080,27082,27118],[10,25068,12314,25070,18],{"id":25069},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,25071,18059],{},[20,25073,25074,25075,25077],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,25076,18059],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,25079,25080],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[33,25082,25083,25086,25089],{},[36,25084,25085],{},"view the available keys",[36,25087,25088],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[36,25090,25091],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,25093,25094,25096,25097,123],{},[15,25095,18059],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,25098,18008],{},[46,25100,3022],{"id":3021},[51,25102,25104],{"className":53,"code":25103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,25105,25106,25142,25156,25160,25170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25107,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25109,13858],{"class":66},[60,25111,71],{"class":70},[60,25113,11488],{"class":74},[60,25115,79],{"class":78},[60,25117,8666],{"class":82},[60,25119,79],{"class":78},[60,25121,3901],{"class":74},[60,25123,91],{"class":78},[60,25125,463],{"class":82},[60,25127,79],{"class":78},[60,25129,88],{"class":74},[60,25131,91],{"class":78},[60,25133,10296],{"class":82},[60,25135,79],{"class":78},[60,25137,3901],{"class":74},[60,25139,1407],{"class":1402},[60,25141,10306],{"class":74},[60,25143,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25145,18236],{"class":66},[60,25147,71],{"class":70},[60,25149,13900],{"class":66},[60,25151,123],{"class":74},[60,25153,17917],{"class":126},[60,25155,9640],{"class":74},[60,25157,25158],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,25159,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25161,25162,25164,25166,25168],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,25163,143],{"class":142},[60,25165,130],{"class":74},[60,25167,17917],{"class":126},[60,25169,136],{"class":74},[60,25171,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,25173,143],{"class":142},[60,25175,130],{"class":74},[60,25177,9089],{"class":1527},[60,25179,130],{"class":74},[60,25181,17917],{"class":126},[60,25183,1042],{"class":74},[20,25185,25186],{},[4753,25187,153],{},[51,25189,25191],{"className":53,"code":25190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,25192,25193,25215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25194,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25196,18008],{"class":126},[60,25198,2652],{"class":74},[60,25200,356],{"class":78},[60,25202,8666],{"class":82},[60,25204,356],{"class":78},[60,25206,88],{"class":74},[60,25208,365],{"class":78},[60,25210,10296],{"class":82},[60,25212,356],{"class":78},[60,25214,2677],{"class":74},[60,25216,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25218,353],{"class":74},[60,25220,356],{"class":78},[60,25222,8666],{"class":82},[60,25224,356],{"class":78},[60,25226,88],{"class":74},[60,25228,365],{"class":78},[60,25230,10296],{"class":82},[60,25232,356],{"class":78},[60,25234,108],{"class":74},[20,25236,171,25237,25239],{},[15,25238,18059],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[46,25241,178,25243,181],{"id":25242},"what-keys-does",[15,25244,18059],{},[20,25246,25247,25249],{},[15,25248,18059],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,25251,189],{},[33,25253,25254,25257,25260,25265],{},[36,25255,25256],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[36,25258,25259],{},"It does not need any arguments",[36,25261,18416,25262,25264],{},[15,25263,18008],{}," view object, not a list",[36,25266,25267],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,25269,236],{},[51,25271,25273],{"className":53,"code":25272,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,25274,25275,25311,25315,25329,25333,25355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25276,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25291,25293,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25278,14196],{"class":66},[60,25280,71],{"class":70},[60,25282,11488],{"class":74},[60,25284,79],{"class":78},[60,25286,8666],{"class":82},[60,25288,79],{"class":78},[60,25290,3901],{"class":74},[60,25292,91],{"class":78},[60,25294,14213],{"class":82},[60,25296,79],{"class":78},[60,25298,88],{"class":74},[60,25300,91],{"class":78},[60,25302,10296],{"class":82},[60,25304,79],{"class":78},[60,25306,3901],{"class":74},[60,25308,10303],{"class":1402},[60,25310,10306],{"class":74},[60,25312,25313],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25314,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25316,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,25318,143],{"class":142},[60,25320,130],{"class":74},[60,25322,18301],{"class":126},[60,25324,123],{"class":74},[60,25326,17917],{"class":126},[60,25328,8193],{"class":74},[60,25330,25331],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,25332,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25334,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,25336,18301],{"class":66},[60,25338,353],{"class":74},[60,25340,79],{"class":78},[60,25342,11406],{"class":82},[60,25344,79],{"class":78},[60,25346,14265],{"class":74},[60,25348,14268],{"class":70},[60,25350,91],{"class":78},[60,25352,11413],{"class":82},[60,25354,2389],{"class":78},[60,25356,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,25358,143],{"class":142},[60,25360,130],{"class":74},[60,25362,18301],{"class":126},[60,25364,123],{"class":74},[60,25366,17917],{"class":126},[60,25368,8193],{"class":74},[20,25370,25371],{},[4753,25372,153],{},[51,25374,25376],{"className":53,"code":25375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,25377,25378,25400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25379,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25381,18008],{"class":126},[60,25383,2652],{"class":74},[60,25385,356],{"class":78},[60,25387,8666],{"class":82},[60,25389,356],{"class":78},[60,25391,88],{"class":74},[60,25393,365],{"class":78},[60,25395,10296],{"class":82},[60,25397,356],{"class":78},[60,25399,2677],{"class":74},[60,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25403,18008],{"class":126},[60,25405,2652],{"class":74},[60,25407,356],{"class":78},[60,25409,8666],{"class":82},[60,25411,356],{"class":78},[60,25413,88],{"class":74},[60,25415,365],{"class":78},[60,25417,10296],{"class":82},[60,25419,356],{"class":78},[60,25421,88],{"class":74},[60,25423,365],{"class":78},[60,25425,11406],{"class":82},[60,25427,356],{"class":78},[60,25429,2677],{"class":74},[20,25431,25432],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[46,25434,6789],{"id":6788},[20,25436,25437],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[51,25439,25441],{"className":53,"code":25440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,25442,25443,25495,25499,25513],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25444,25445,25447,25449,25451,25453,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25446,10163],{"class":66},[60,25448,71],{"class":70},[60,25450,11488],{"class":74},[60,25452,79],{"class":78},[60,25454,8666],{"class":82},[60,25456,79],{"class":78},[60,25458,3901],{"class":74},[60,25460,91],{"class":78},[60,25462,463],{"class":82},[60,25464,79],{"class":78},[60,25466,88],{"class":74},[60,25468,91],{"class":78},[60,25470,10296],{"class":82},[60,25472,79],{"class":78},[60,25474,3901],{"class":74},[60,25476,1407],{"class":1402},[60,25478,88],{"class":74},[60,25480,91],{"class":78},[60,25482,20885],{"class":82},[60,25484,79],{"class":78},[60,25486,3901],{"class":74},[60,25488,91],{"class":78},[60,25490,1260],{"class":82},[60,25492,79],{"class":78},[60,25494,10306],{"class":74},[60,25496,25497],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25498,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25500,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,25502,143],{"class":142},[60,25504,130],{"class":74},[60,25506,10202],{"class":126},[60,25508,123],{"class":74},[60,25510,17917],{"class":126},[60,25512,8193],{"class":74},[60,25514,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,25516,143],{"class":142},[60,25518,130],{"class":74},[60,25520,9089],{"class":1527},[60,25522,130],{"class":74},[60,25524,10202],{"class":126},[60,25526,123],{"class":74},[60,25528,17917],{"class":126},[60,25530,7288],{"class":74},[20,25532,25533],{},[4753,25534,153],{},[51,25536,25538],{"className":53,"code":25537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,25539,25540,25570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25541,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25543,18008],{"class":126},[60,25545,2652],{"class":74},[60,25547,356],{"class":78},[60,25549,8666],{"class":82},[60,25551,356],{"class":78},[60,25553,88],{"class":74},[60,25555,365],{"class":78},[60,25557,10296],{"class":82},[60,25559,356],{"class":78},[60,25561,88],{"class":74},[60,25563,365],{"class":78},[60,25565,20885],{"class":82},[60,25567,356],{"class":78},[60,25569,2677],{"class":74},[60,25571,25572,25574,25576,25578,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25573,353],{"class":74},[60,25575,356],{"class":78},[60,25577,8666],{"class":82},[60,25579,356],{"class":78},[60,25581,88],{"class":74},[60,25583,365],{"class":78},[60,25585,10296],{"class":82},[60,25587,356],{"class":78},[60,25589,88],{"class":74},[60,25591,365],{"class":78},[60,25593,20885],{"class":82},[60,25595,356],{"class":78},[60,25597,108],{"class":74},[20,25599,25600],{},"This shows two things:",[33,25602,25603,25611],{},[36,25604,25605,22970,25608,25610],{},[15,25606,25607],{},"data.keys()",[15,25609,18008],{}," object",[36,25612,25613,25616],{},[15,25614,25615],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,25618,10149,25619,123],{},[551,25620,25621],{"href":10388},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[46,25623,6432],{"id":6431},[20,25625,3177],{},[51,25627,25629],{"className":53,"code":25628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,25630,25631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25632,25633,25635,25637,25639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25634,12445],{"class":66},[60,25636,123],{"class":74},[60,25638,17917],{"class":126},[60,25640,9640],{"class":74},[20,25642,22795],{},[33,25644,25645,25648,25651],{},[36,25646,25647],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[36,25649,25650],{},"It takes no parameters",[36,25652,25653],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,25655,17649],{},[51,25657,25659],{"className":53,"code":25658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,25660,25661,25685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25662,25663,25665,25667,25669,25671,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25664,13858],{"class":66},[60,25666,71],{"class":70},[60,25668,11488],{"class":74},[60,25670,79],{"class":78},[60,25672,8666],{"class":82},[60,25674,79],{"class":78},[60,25676,3901],{"class":74},[60,25678,91],{"class":78},[60,25680,463],{"class":82},[60,25682,79],{"class":78},[60,25684,10306],{"class":74},[60,25686,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25688,143],{"class":142},[60,25690,130],{"class":74},[60,25692,14618],{"class":126},[60,25694,123],{"class":74},[60,25696,17917],{"class":126},[60,25698,8193],{"class":74},[20,25700,25701],{},"Incorrect:",[51,25703,25705],{"className":53,"code":25704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,25706,25707,25731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25708,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25710,13858],{"class":66},[60,25712,71],{"class":70},[60,25714,11488],{"class":74},[60,25716,79],{"class":78},[60,25718,8666],{"class":82},[60,25720,79],{"class":78},[60,25722,3901],{"class":74},[60,25724,91],{"class":78},[60,25726,463],{"class":82},[60,25728,79],{"class":78},[60,25730,10306],{"class":74},[60,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25744],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25734,143],{"class":142},[60,25736,130],{"class":74},[60,25738,14618],{"class":126},[60,25740,123],{"class":74},[60,25742,17917],{"class":25743},"skxfh",[60,25745,136],{"class":74},[20,25747,25748],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[46,25750,18413],{"id":18412},[20,25752,25753,22970,25755,25757],{},[15,25754,18059],{},[15,25756,18008],{}," object.",[20,25759,25760],{},"This object:",[33,25762,25763,25766,25769,25775],{},[36,25764,25765],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[36,25767,25768],{},"can be used in a loop",[36,25770,25771,25772],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25773,25774],{},"list()",[36,25776,25777],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25779,236],{},[51,25781,25783],{"className":53,"code":25782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25784,25785,25826,25830,25845,25849,25859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25786,25787,25790,25792,25794,25796,25799,25801,25803,25805,25808,25810,25812,25814,25817,25819,25821,25824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25788,25789],{"class":66},"car ",[60,25791,71],{"class":70},[60,25793,11488],{"class":74},[60,25795,79],{"class":78},[60,25797,25798],{"class":82},"brand",[60,25800,79],{"class":78},[60,25802,3901],{"class":74},[60,25804,91],{"class":78},[60,25806,25807],{"class":82},"Toyota",[60,25809,79],{"class":78},[60,25811,88],{"class":74},[60,25813,91],{"class":78},[60,25815,25816],{"class":82},"year",[60,25818,79],{"class":78},[60,25820,3901],{"class":74},[60,25822,25823],{"class":1402}," 2020",[60,25825,10306],{"class":74},[60,25827,25828],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25829,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25831,25832,25834,25836,25839,25841,25843],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,25833,114],{"class":66},[60,25835,71],{"class":70},[60,25837,25838],{"class":66}," car",[60,25840,123],{"class":74},[60,25842,17917],{"class":126},[60,25844,9640],{"class":74},[60,25846,25847],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,25848,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,25850,25851,25853,25855,25857],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,25852,143],{"class":142},[60,25854,130],{"class":74},[60,25856,148],{"class":126},[60,25858,136],{"class":74},[60,25860,25861,25863,25865,25867,25869,25871],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,25862,143],{"class":142},[60,25864,130],{"class":74},[60,25866,2629],{"class":1527},[60,25868,130],{"class":74},[60,25870,148],{"class":126},[60,25872,1042],{"class":74},[20,25874,25875],{},[4753,25876,153],{},[51,25878,25880],{"className":53,"code":25879,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25881,25882,25904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25883,25884,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900,25902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25885,18008],{"class":126},[60,25887,2652],{"class":74},[60,25889,356],{"class":78},[60,25891,25798],{"class":82},[60,25893,356],{"class":78},[60,25895,88],{"class":74},[60,25897,365],{"class":78},[60,25899,25816],{"class":82},[60,25901,356],{"class":78},[60,25903,2677],{"class":74},[60,25905,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25907,4304],{"class":70},[60,25909,4307],{"class":3082},[60,25911,365],{"class":78},[60,25913,18008],{"class":82},[60,25915,356],{"class":78},[60,25917,4316],{"class":70},[20,25919,25920,25921,25925,25926,123],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[551,25922,11734,25923,2887],{"href":18062},[15,25924,18065],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[551,25927,11734,25928,2887],{"href":18069},[15,25929,18072],{},[46,25931,25933],{"id":25932},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25935,25936],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[51,25938,25940],{"className":53,"code":25939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25941,25942,25995,25999,26015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,25943,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25991,25993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,25945,13858],{"class":66},[60,25947,71],{"class":70},[60,25949,11488],{"class":74},[60,25951,79],{"class":78},[60,25953,8666],{"class":82},[60,25955,79],{"class":78},[60,25957,3901],{"class":74},[60,25959,91],{"class":78},[60,25961,463],{"class":82},[60,25963,79],{"class":78},[60,25965,88],{"class":74},[60,25967,91],{"class":78},[60,25969,10296],{"class":82},[60,25971,79],{"class":78},[60,25973,3901],{"class":74},[60,25975,1407],{"class":1402},[60,25977,88],{"class":74},[60,25979,91],{"class":78},[60,25981,16322],{"class":82},[60,25983,79],{"class":78},[60,25985,3901],{"class":74},[60,25987,91],{"class":78},[60,25989,25990],{"class":82},"Math",[60,25992,79],{"class":78},[60,25994,10306],{"class":74},[60,25996,25997],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,25998,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26000,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26002,6960],{"class":2665},[60,26004,19202],{"class":66},[60,26006,2672],{"class":2665},[60,26008,13900],{"class":66},[60,26010,123],{"class":74},[60,26012,17917],{"class":126},[60,26014,22590],{"class":74},[60,26016,26017,26019,26021,26023],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26018,9064],{"class":142},[60,26020,130],{"class":74},[60,26022,15834],{"class":126},[60,26024,136],{"class":74},[20,26026,26027],{},[4753,26028,153],{},[51,26030,26032],{"className":53,"code":26031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,26033,26034,26039,26044],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26035,26036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26037,26038],{"class":66},"name\n",[60,26040,26041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26042,26043],{"class":66},"age\n",[60,26045,26046],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26047,26048],{"class":66},"course\n",[20,26050,26051],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[51,26053,26055],{"className":53,"code":26054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,26056,26057,26069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26060,6960],{"class":2665},[60,26062,19202],{"class":66},[60,26064,2672],{"class":2665},[60,26066,13900],{"class":66},[60,26068,7392],{"class":74},[60,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26072,9064],{"class":142},[60,26074,130],{"class":74},[60,26076,15834],{"class":126},[60,26078,136],{"class":74},[20,26080,26081,26082,26085],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,26083,26084],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[46,26087,5963,26089],{"id":26088},"when-to-use-keys",[15,26090,18059],{},[20,26092,171,26093,11598],{},[15,26094,18059],{},[33,26096,26097,26100,26103],{},[36,26098,26099],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[36,26101,26102],{},"you want to display available fields",[36,26104,26105],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,26107,236],{},[51,26109,26111],{"className":53,"code":26110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,26112,26113,26166,26170,26185,26202],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26114,26115,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132,26135,26137,26139,26141,26144,26146,26148,26151,26153,26155,26158,26160,26162,26164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26116,26117],{"class":66},"product ",[60,26119,71],{"class":70},[60,26121,11488],{"class":74},[60,26123,79],{"class":78},[60,26125,8666],{"class":82},[60,26127,79],{"class":78},[60,26129,3901],{"class":74},[60,26131,91],{"class":78},[60,26133,26134],{"class":82},"Book",[60,26136,79],{"class":78},[60,26138,88],{"class":74},[60,26140,91],{"class":78},[60,26142,26143],{"class":82},"price",[60,26145,79],{"class":78},[60,26147,3901],{"class":74},[60,26149,26150],{"class":1402}," 12.99",[60,26152,88],{"class":74},[60,26154,91],{"class":78},[60,26156,26157],{"class":82},"stock",[60,26159,79],{"class":78},[60,26161,3901],{"class":74},[60,26163,5606],{"class":1402},[60,26165,10306],{"class":74},[60,26167,26168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26169,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26171,26172,26174,26176,26178,26181,26183],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26173,143],{"class":142},[60,26175,130],{"class":74},[60,26177,79],{"class":78},[60,26179,26180],{"class":82},"Available fields:",[60,26182,79],{"class":78},[60,26184,136],{"class":74},[60,26186,26187,26189,26191,26193,26196,26198,26200],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26188,6960],{"class":2665},[60,26190,19202],{"class":66},[60,26192,2672],{"class":2665},[60,26194,26195],{"class":66}," product",[60,26197,123],{"class":74},[60,26199,17917],{"class":126},[60,26201,22590],{"class":74},[60,26203,26204,26206,26208,26210],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,26205,9064],{"class":142},[60,26207,130],{"class":74},[60,26209,15834],{"class":126},[60,26211,136],{"class":74},[20,26213,26214],{},[4753,26215,153],{},[51,26217,26219],{"className":53,"code":26218,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,26220,26221,26228,26232,26237],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26222,26223,26226],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26224,26225],{"class":66},"Available fields",[60,26227,7392],{"class":74},[60,26229,26230],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26231,26038],{"class":66},[60,26233,26234],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26235,26236],{"class":66},"price\n",[60,26238,26239],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26240,26241],{"class":66},"stock\n",[20,26243,26244],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[51,26246,26248],{"className":53,"code":26247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,26249,26250,26286,26290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26251,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26253,26117],{"class":66},[60,26255,71],{"class":70},[60,26257,11488],{"class":74},[60,26259,79],{"class":78},[60,26261,8666],{"class":82},[60,26263,79],{"class":78},[60,26265,3901],{"class":74},[60,26267,91],{"class":78},[60,26269,26134],{"class":82},[60,26271,79],{"class":78},[60,26273,88],{"class":74},[60,26275,91],{"class":78},[60,26277,26143],{"class":82},[60,26279,79],{"class":78},[60,26281,3901],{"class":74},[60,26283,26150],{"class":1402},[60,26285,10306],{"class":74},[60,26287,26288],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26289,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26291,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26293,143],{"class":142},[60,26295,130],{"class":74},[60,26297,79],{"class":78},[60,26299,8666],{"class":82},[60,26301,79],{"class":78},[60,26303,22168],{"class":2665},[60,26305,26195],{"class":126},[60,26307,123],{"class":74},[60,26309,17917],{"class":126},[60,26311,8193],{"class":74},[20,26313,26314,26315,123],{},"This works and returns ",[15,26316,4616],{},[20,26318,26319],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[51,26321,26323],{"className":53,"code":26322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,26324,26325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26326,26327,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26328,143],{"class":142},[60,26330,130],{"class":74},[60,26332,79],{"class":78},[60,26334,8666],{"class":82},[60,26336,79],{"class":78},[60,26338,22168],{"class":2665},[60,26340,26195],{"class":126},[60,26342,136],{"class":74},[20,26344,26345,26346,123],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[551,26347,22201],{"href":18147},[46,26349,26351],{"id":26350},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,26353,26354,26355,123],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,26356,18059],{},[415,26358,9449,26360,26362],{"id":26359},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,26361,18059],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,26364,26365,26367],{},[15,26366,18059],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,26369,236],{},[51,26371,26373],{"className":53,"code":26372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,26374,26375,26411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26376,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385,26387,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26378,10163],{"class":66},[60,26380,71],{"class":70},[60,26382,11488],{"class":74},[60,26384,79],{"class":78},[60,26386,8666],{"class":82},[60,26388,79],{"class":78},[60,26390,3901],{"class":74},[60,26392,91],{"class":78},[60,26394,463],{"class":82},[60,26396,79],{"class":78},[60,26398,88],{"class":74},[60,26400,91],{"class":78},[60,26402,10296],{"class":82},[60,26404,79],{"class":78},[60,26406,3901],{"class":74},[60,26408,1407],{"class":1402},[60,26410,10306],{"class":74},[60,26412,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26414,143],{"class":142},[60,26416,130],{"class":74},[60,26418,10202],{"class":126},[60,26420,123],{"class":74},[60,26422,17917],{"class":126},[60,26424,8193],{"class":74},[20,26426,26427],{},[4753,26428,153],{},[51,26430,26432],{"className":53,"code":26431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,26433,26434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26435,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26437,18008],{"class":126},[60,26439,2652],{"class":74},[60,26441,356],{"class":78},[60,26443,8666],{"class":82},[60,26445,356],{"class":78},[60,26447,88],{"class":74},[60,26449,365],{"class":78},[60,26451,10296],{"class":82},[60,26453,356],{"class":78},[60,26455,2677],{"class":74},[20,26457,26458,26459,123],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[551,26460,26461],{"href":18069},[15,26462,18072],{},[415,26464,26466,26467],{"id":26465},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,26468,18008],{},[20,26470,26471],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[51,26473,26475],{"className":53,"code":26474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,26476,26477],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26478,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26480,353],{"class":74},[60,26482,356],{"class":78},[60,26484,8666],{"class":82},[60,26486,356],{"class":78},[60,26488,88],{"class":74},[60,26490,365],{"class":78},[60,26492,10296],{"class":82},[60,26494,356],{"class":78},[60,26496,108],{"class":74},[20,26498,26499,26500,26502],{},"But ",[15,26501,18059],{}," returns:",[51,26504,26505],{"className":53,"code":26431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,26506,26507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26508,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26510,18008],{"class":126},[60,26512,2652],{"class":74},[60,26514,356],{"class":78},[60,26516,8666],{"class":82},[60,26518,356],{"class":78},[60,26520,88],{"class":74},[60,26522,365],{"class":78},[60,26524,10296],{"class":82},[60,26526,356],{"class":78},[60,26528,2677],{"class":74},[20,26530,26531],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[51,26533,26535],{"className":53,"code":26534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,26536,26537,26573,26592,26596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26538,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26540,10163],{"class":66},[60,26542,71],{"class":70},[60,26544,11488],{"class":74},[60,26546,79],{"class":78},[60,26548,8666],{"class":82},[60,26550,79],{"class":78},[60,26552,3901],{"class":74},[60,26554,91],{"class":78},[60,26556,463],{"class":82},[60,26558,79],{"class":78},[60,26560,88],{"class":74},[60,26562,91],{"class":78},[60,26564,10296],{"class":82},[60,26566,79],{"class":78},[60,26568,3901],{"class":74},[60,26570,1407],{"class":1402},[60,26572,10306],{"class":74},[60,26574,26575,26578,26580,26582,26584,26586,26588,26590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26576,26577],{"class":66},"key_list ",[60,26579,71],{"class":70},[60,26581,23553],{"class":1527},[60,26583,130],{"class":74},[60,26585,10202],{"class":126},[60,26587,123],{"class":74},[60,26589,17917],{"class":126},[60,26591,8193],{"class":74},[60,26593,26594],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26595,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26597,26598,26600,26602,26605],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26599,143],{"class":142},[60,26601,130],{"class":74},[60,26603,26604],{"class":126},"key_list",[60,26606,136],{"class":74},[415,26608,26610,26611,26613],{"id":26609},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,26612,18059],{}," on a list or string",[20,26615,26616,26618],{},[15,26617,18059],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,26620,3852],{},[51,26622,26624],{"className":53,"code":26623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,26625,26626,26646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26627,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26629,4629],{"class":66},[60,26631,71],{"class":70},[60,26633,75],{"class":74},[60,26635,1432],{"class":1402},[60,26637,88],{"class":74},[60,26639,1437],{"class":1402},[60,26641,88],{"class":74},[60,26643,1442],{"class":1402},[60,26645,108],{"class":74},[60,26647,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26649,143],{"class":142},[60,26651,130],{"class":74},[60,26653,4659],{"class":126},[60,26655,123],{"class":74},[60,26657,17917],{"class":126},[60,26659,8193],{"class":74},[20,26661,26662,26663,26666,26667,26669,26670,123],{},"You may get an ",[15,26664,26665],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,26668,18059],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[551,26671,1999,26673,26676],{"href":26672},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,26674,26675],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[415,26678,26680],{"id":26679},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,26682,26683],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[51,26685,26687],{"className":53,"code":26686,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,26688,26689,26713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26690,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26692,10163],{"class":66},[60,26694,71],{"class":70},[60,26696,11488],{"class":74},[60,26698,79],{"class":78},[60,26700,8666],{"class":82},[60,26702,79],{"class":78},[60,26704,3901],{"class":74},[60,26706,91],{"class":78},[60,26708,463],{"class":82},[60,26710,79],{"class":78},[60,26712,10306],{"class":74},[60,26714,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26716,143],{"class":142},[60,26718,130],{"class":74},[60,26720,10202],{"class":126},[60,26722,123],{"class":74},[60,26724,17917],{"class":25743},[60,26726,136],{"class":74},[20,26728,26729],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,26731,19688],{},[51,26733,26735],{"className":53,"code":26734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,26736,26737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26738,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26740,143],{"class":142},[60,26742,130],{"class":74},[60,26744,10202],{"class":126},[60,26746,123],{"class":74},[60,26748,17917],{"class":126},[60,26750,8193],{"class":74},[46,26752,3845],{"id":3844},[20,26754,26755,26756,3901],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,26757,18059],{},[33,26759,26760,26765,26771,26777],{},[36,26761,9413,26762,26764],{},[15,26763,18059],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[36,26766,26767,26768,26770],{},"Thinking ",[15,26769,18059],{}," returns values too",[36,26772,26773,26774,26776],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26775,18008],{}," like a normal list",[36,26778,26779,26780,26782],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26781,18008],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26784,26785],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[51,26787,26789],{"className":53,"code":26788,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26790,26791,26823,26837,26841,26851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26794,10163],{"class":66},[60,26796,71],{"class":70},[60,26798,11488],{"class":74},[60,26800,79],{"class":78},[60,26802,551],{"class":82},[60,26804,79],{"class":78},[60,26806,3901],{"class":74},[60,26808,6499],{"class":1402},[60,26810,88],{"class":74},[60,26812,91],{"class":78},[60,26814,2258],{"class":82},[60,26816,79],{"class":78},[60,26818,3901],{"class":74},[60,26820,1437],{"class":1402},[60,26822,10306],{"class":74},[60,26824,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26826,18236],{"class":66},[60,26828,71],{"class":70},[60,26830,15559],{"class":66},[60,26832,123],{"class":74},[60,26834,17917],{"class":126},[60,26836,9640],{"class":74},[60,26838,26839],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26840,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26842,26843,26845,26847,26849],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26844,143],{"class":142},[60,26846,130],{"class":74},[60,26848,17917],{"class":126},[60,26850,136],{"class":74},[60,26852,26853],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,26854,26855],{"class":4674},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26857,26858],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[51,26860,26862],{"className":53,"code":26861,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26863,26864,26896,26914,26918],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26865,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26867,10163],{"class":66},[60,26869,71],{"class":70},[60,26871,11488],{"class":74},[60,26873,79],{"class":78},[60,26875,551],{"class":82},[60,26877,79],{"class":78},[60,26879,3901],{"class":74},[60,26881,6499],{"class":1402},[60,26883,88],{"class":74},[60,26885,91],{"class":78},[60,26887,2258],{"class":82},[60,26889,79],{"class":78},[60,26891,3901],{"class":74},[60,26893,1437],{"class":1402},[60,26895,10306],{"class":74},[60,26897,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26899,18236],{"class":66},[60,26901,71],{"class":70},[60,26903,23553],{"class":1527},[60,26905,130],{"class":74},[60,26907,10202],{"class":126},[60,26909,123],{"class":74},[60,26911,17917],{"class":126},[60,26913,8193],{"class":74},[60,26915,26916],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26917,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,26919,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26921,143],{"class":142},[60,26923,130],{"class":74},[60,26925,17917],{"class":126},[60,26927,353],{"class":74},[60,26929,3137],{"class":1402},[60,26931,2677],{"class":74},[46,26933,26935],{"id":26934},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26937,12108],{},[51,26939,26941],{"className":53,"code":26940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26942,26943,26957,26967,26981],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,26944,26945,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,26946,143],{"class":142},[60,26948,130],{"class":74},[60,26950,2629],{"class":1527},[60,26952,130],{"class":74},[60,26954,12445],{"class":126},[60,26956,1042],{"class":74},[60,26958,26959,26961,26963,26965],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,26960,143],{"class":142},[60,26962,130],{"class":74},[60,26964,12445],{"class":126},[60,26966,136],{"class":74},[60,26968,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,26970,143],{"class":142},[60,26972,130],{"class":74},[60,26974,12445],{"class":126},[60,26976,123],{"class":74},[60,26978,17917],{"class":126},[60,26980,8193],{"class":74},[60,26982,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,26984,143],{"class":142},[60,26986,130],{"class":74},[60,26988,9089],{"class":1527},[60,26990,130],{"class":74},[60,26992,12445],{"class":126},[60,26994,123],{"class":74},[60,26996,17917],{"class":126},[60,26998,7288],{"class":74},[20,27000,27001],{},"These help you confirm:",[33,27003,27004,27007,27010,27015],{},[36,27005,27006],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[36,27008,27009],{},"what data it contains",[36,27011,27012,27013,12701],{},"what ",[15,27014,18059],{},[36,27016,27017],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[46,27019,2804],{"id":2803},[415,27021,24911,27023,6145],{"id":27022},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,27024,18059],{},[20,27026,18416,27027,27029],{},[15,27028,18008],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[415,27031,15896,27033,27036],{"id":27032},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,27034,27035],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,27038,27039,27040,27042,27043,123],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,27041,18008],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,27044,27045],{},"list(dict.keys())",[415,27047,27049,27050,2863],{"id":27048},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,27051,27035],{},[20,27053,27054,27055,27057],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,27056,6960],{}," loop.",[415,27059,27061,27062,27064],{"id":27060},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,27063,18059],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,27066,27067,27068,27070],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,27069,18059],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[415,27072,27074],{"id":27073},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,27076,171,27077,123],{},[15,27078,27079],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[46,27081,2870],{"id":2869},[33,27083,27084,27089,27095,27101,27107,27111],{},[36,27085,27086],{},[551,27087,27088],{"href":10388},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[36,27090,27091],{},[551,27092,11734,27093,2887],{"href":18062},[15,27094,18065],{},[36,27096,27097],{},[551,27098,11734,27099,2887],{"href":18069},[15,27100,18072],{},[36,27102,27103],{},[551,27104,27106],{"href":27105},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[36,27108,27109],{},[551,27110,18148],{"href":18147},[36,27112,27113],{},[551,27114,27115,27116,26676],{"href":26672},"How to fix ",[15,27117,26675],{},[2912,27119,27120],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":27122},[27123,27124,27126,27127,27128,27129,27130,27132,27141,27142,27143,27154],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":25242,"depth":111,"text":27125},"What keys() does",{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":25932,"depth":111,"text":25933},{"id":26088,"depth":111,"text":27131},"When to use keys()",{"id":26350,"depth":111,"text":26351,"children":27133},[27134,27136,27138,27140],{"id":26359,"depth":139,"text":27135},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":26465,"depth":139,"text":27137},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":26609,"depth":139,"text":27139},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26679,"depth":139,"text":26680},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":26934,"depth":111,"text":26935},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":27144},[27145,27147,27149,27151,27153],{"id":27022,"depth":139,"text":27146},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":27032,"depth":139,"text":27148},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":27048,"depth":139,"text":27150},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":27060,"depth":139,"text":27152},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":27073,"depth":139,"text":27074},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":25064,"description":27155},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":27161,"title":27162,"body":27163,"description":29435,"extension":2980,"meta":29436,"navigation":304,"path":29437,"seo":29438,"stem":29439,"__hash__":29440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":27164,"toc":29388},[27165,27170,27175,27178,27180,27326,27339,27344,27348,27362,27364,27467,27476,27478,27481,27519,27544,27546,27653,27655,27662,27665,27673,27675,27816,27824,27829,27833,27844,27846,28008,28011,28019,28026,28032,28129,28135,28212,28215,28227,28232,28238,28241,28245,28334,28337,28341,28445,28452,28539,28548,28550,28555,28561,28564,28610,28613,28679,28688,28694,28787,28793,28799,28842,28845,28910,28916,29008,29011,29015,29021,29046,29049,29145,29152,29154,29159,29250,29252,29280,29285,29287,29294,29297,29301,29311,29316,29319,29325,29335,29342,29350,29352,29385],[10,27166,12314,27168,18],{"id":27167},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,27169,13757],{},[20,27171,27172,27174],{},[15,27173,13564],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,27176,27177],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[46,27179,49],{"id":48},[51,27181,27183],{"className":53,"code":27182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,27184,27185,27221,27245,27259,27272,27276,27281,27313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27186,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217,27219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27188,14196],{"class":66},[60,27190,71],{"class":70},[60,27192,11488],{"class":74},[60,27194,79],{"class":78},[60,27196,8666],{"class":82},[60,27198,79],{"class":78},[60,27200,3901],{"class":74},[60,27202,91],{"class":78},[60,27204,463],{"class":82},[60,27206,79],{"class":78},[60,27208,88],{"class":74},[60,27210,91],{"class":78},[60,27212,10296],{"class":82},[60,27214,79],{"class":78},[60,27216,3901],{"class":74},[60,27218,10303],{"class":1402},[60,27220,10306],{"class":74},[60,27222,27223,27226,27228,27230,27232,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27224,27225],{"class":66},"removed_age ",[60,27227,71],{"class":70},[60,27229,14239],{"class":66},[60,27231,123],{"class":74},[60,27233,27234],{"class":126},"pop",[60,27236,130],{"class":74},[60,27238,79],{"class":78},[60,27240,10296],{"class":82},[60,27242,79],{"class":78},[60,27244,136],{"class":74},[60,27246,27247,27249,27251,27254,27256],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,27248,143],{"class":142},[60,27250,130],{"class":74},[60,27252,27253],{"class":126},"removed_age",[60,27255,2662],{"class":74},[60,27257,27258],{"class":4674},"   # 25\n",[60,27260,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,27262,143],{"class":142},[60,27264,130],{"class":74},[60,27266,18301],{"class":126},[60,27268,2662],{"class":74},[60,27270,27271],{"class":4674},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[60,27273,27274],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,27275,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27277,27278],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,27279,27280],{"class":4674},"# Safe version with default value\n",[60,27282,27283,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27309,27311],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,27284,27285],{"class":66},"country ",[60,27287,71],{"class":70},[60,27289,14239],{"class":66},[60,27291,123],{"class":74},[60,27293,27234],{"class":126},[60,27295,130],{"class":74},[60,27297,79],{"class":78},[60,27299,16255],{"class":82},[60,27301,79],{"class":78},[60,27303,88],{"class":74},[60,27305,91],{"class":78},[60,27307,27308],{"class":82},"Not found",[60,27310,79],{"class":78},[60,27312,136],{"class":74},[60,27314,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,27316,143],{"class":142},[60,27318,130],{"class":74},[60,27320,16255],{"class":126},[60,27322,2662],{"class":74},[60,27324,27325],{"class":4674},"       # Not found\n",[20,27327,171,27328,27331,27332,27335,27336,27338],{},[15,27329,27330],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,27333,27334],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,27337,20681],{}," when the key might not exist.",[46,27340,178,27342,181],{"id":27341},"what-dictpop-does",[15,27343,13564],{},[20,27345,27346,3901],{},[15,27347,13564],{},[33,27349,27350,27353,27356,27359],{},[36,27351,27352],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[36,27354,27355],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[36,27357,27358],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[36,27360,27361],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,27363,236],{},[51,27365,27367],{"className":53,"code":27366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,27368,27369,27409,27413,27436,27440,27454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27370,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27372,12483],{"class":66},[60,27374,71],{"class":70},[60,27376,11488],{"class":74},[60,27378,79],{"class":78},[60,27380,8666],{"class":82},[60,27382,79],{"class":78},[60,27384,3901],{"class":74},[60,27386,91],{"class":78},[60,27388,14213],{"class":82},[60,27390,79],{"class":78},[60,27392,88],{"class":74},[60,27394,91],{"class":78},[60,27396,11406],{"class":82},[60,27398,79],{"class":78},[60,27400,3901],{"class":74},[60,27402,91],{"class":78},[60,27404,11413],{"class":82},[60,27406,79],{"class":78},[60,27408,10306],{"class":74},[60,27410,27411],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27412,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27414,27415,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,27416,27417],{"class":66},"removed_city ",[60,27419,71],{"class":70},[60,27421,12566],{"class":66},[60,27423,123],{"class":74},[60,27425,27234],{"class":126},[60,27427,130],{"class":74},[60,27429,79],{"class":78},[60,27431,11406],{"class":82},[60,27433,79],{"class":78},[60,27435,136],{"class":74},[60,27437,27438],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,27439,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27441,27442,27444,27446,27449,27451],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,27443,143],{"class":142},[60,27445,130],{"class":74},[60,27447,27448],{"class":126},"removed_city",[60,27450,2662],{"class":74},[60,27452,27453],{"class":4674},"  # Paris\n",[60,27455,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,27457,143],{"class":142},[60,27459,130],{"class":74},[60,27461,12577],{"class":126},[60,27463,2662],{"class":74},[60,27465,27466],{"class":4674},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,27468,21765,27469,27472,27473,123],{},[15,27470,27471],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,27474,27475],{},"\"Paris\"",[46,27477,389],{"id":388},[20,27479,27480],{},"There are two common forms:",[51,27482,27484],{"className":53,"code":27483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,27485,27486,27500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27487,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27489,12445],{"class":66},[60,27491,123],{"class":74},[60,27493,27234],{"class":126},[60,27495,130],{"class":74},[60,27497,15834],{"class":126},[60,27499,136],{"class":74},[60,27501,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27517],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27503,12445],{"class":66},[60,27505,123],{"class":74},[60,27507,27234],{"class":126},[60,27509,130],{"class":74},[60,27511,15834],{"class":126},[60,27513,88],{"class":74},[60,27515,27516],{"class":126}," default",[60,27518,136],{"class":74},[33,27520,27521,27527,27535,27541],{},[36,27522,27523,27526],{},[15,27524,27525],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[36,27528,27529,27531,27532,27534],{},[15,27530,27525],{}," raises ",[15,27533,20681],{}," if the key is missing",[36,27536,27537,27540],{},[15,27538,27539],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[36,27542,27543],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,27545,236],{},[51,27547,27549],{"className":53,"code":27548,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,27550,27551,27583,27587,27612,27640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27552,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27554,6064],{"class":66},[60,27556,71],{"class":70},[60,27558,11488],{"class":74},[60,27560,79],{"class":78},[60,27562,19410],{"class":82},[60,27564,79],{"class":78},[60,27566,3901],{"class":74},[60,27568,20892],{"class":1402},[60,27570,88],{"class":74},[60,27572,91],{"class":78},[60,27574,19419],{"class":82},[60,27576,79],{"class":78},[60,27578,3901],{"class":74},[60,27580,14499],{"class":1402},[60,27582,10306],{"class":74},[60,27584,27585],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27586,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27588,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,27590,143],{"class":142},[60,27592,130],{"class":74},[60,27594,17382],{"class":126},[60,27596,123],{"class":74},[60,27598,27234],{"class":126},[60,27600,130],{"class":74},[60,27602,79],{"class":78},[60,27604,19410],{"class":82},[60,27606,79],{"class":78},[60,27608,6362],{"class":74},[60,27610,27611],{"class":4674},"         # 90\n",[60,27613,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,27615,143],{"class":142},[60,27617,130],{"class":74},[60,27619,17382],{"class":126},[60,27621,123],{"class":74},[60,27623,27234],{"class":126},[60,27625,130],{"class":74},[60,27627,79],{"class":78},[60,27629,19428],{"class":82},[60,27631,79],{"class":78},[60,27633,88],{"class":74},[60,27635,4843],{"class":1402},[60,27637,6362],{"class":74},[60,27639,21762],{"class":4674},[60,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,27643,143],{"class":142},[60,27645,130],{"class":74},[60,27647,17382],{"class":126},[60,27649,2662],{"class":74},[60,27651,27652],{"class":4674},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[46,27654,18413],{"id":18412},[20,27656,27657,15046,27659,27661],{},[15,27658,13757],{},[4753,27660,5632],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,27663,27664],{},"Instead, it returns:",[33,27666,27667,27670],{},[36,27668,27669],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[36,27671,27672],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,27674,236],{},[51,27676,27678],{"className":53,"code":27677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,27679,27680,27712,27716,27739,27771,27775,27789,27803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27681,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27683,10163],{"class":66},[60,27685,71],{"class":70},[60,27687,11488],{"class":74},[60,27689,79],{"class":78},[60,27691,551],{"class":82},[60,27693,79],{"class":78},[60,27695,3901],{"class":74},[60,27697,7005],{"class":1402},[60,27699,88],{"class":74},[60,27701,91],{"class":78},[60,27703,2258],{"class":82},[60,27705,79],{"class":78},[60,27707,3901],{"class":74},[60,27709,1407],{"class":1402},[60,27711,10306],{"class":74},[60,27713,27714],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27715,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27717,27718,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,27719,27720],{"class":66},"result1 ",[60,27722,71],{"class":70},[60,27724,15559],{"class":66},[60,27726,123],{"class":74},[60,27728,27234],{"class":126},[60,27730,130],{"class":74},[60,27732,79],{"class":78},[60,27734,551],{"class":82},[60,27736,79],{"class":78},[60,27738,136],{"class":74},[60,27740,27741,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27767,27769],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,27742,27743],{"class":66},"result2 ",[60,27745,71],{"class":70},[60,27747,15559],{"class":66},[60,27749,123],{"class":74},[60,27751,27234],{"class":126},[60,27753,130],{"class":74},[60,27755,79],{"class":78},[60,27757,1895],{"class":82},[60,27759,79],{"class":78},[60,27761,88],{"class":74},[60,27763,91],{"class":78},[60,27765,27766],{"class":82},"missing",[60,27768,79],{"class":78},[60,27770,136],{"class":74},[60,27772,27773],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,27774,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27776,27777,27779,27781,27784,27786],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,27778,143],{"class":142},[60,27780,130],{"class":74},[60,27782,27783],{"class":126},"result1",[60,27785,2662],{"class":74},[60,27787,27788],{"class":4674},"  # 10\n",[60,27790,27791,27793,27795,27798,27800],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,27792,143],{"class":142},[60,27794,130],{"class":74},[60,27796,27797],{"class":126},"result2",[60,27799,2662],{"class":74},[60,27801,27802],{"class":4674},"  # missing\n",[60,27804,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,27806,143],{"class":142},[60,27808,130],{"class":74},[60,27810,10202],{"class":126},[60,27812,2662],{"class":74},[60,27814,27815],{"class":4674},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27817,27818,27819,2225],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[551,27820,27821],{"href":11733},[15,27822,27823],{},"dict.get()",[46,27825,5963,27827],{"id":27826},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27828,13757],{},[20,27830,171,27831,11598],{},[15,27832,13757],{},[33,27834,27835,27838,27841],{},[36,27836,27837],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[36,27839,27840],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[36,27842,27843],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27845,236],{},[51,27847,27849],{"className":53,"code":27848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27850,27851,27903,27907,27934,27938,27962,27966,27980,27994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,27852,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27887,27889,27891,27894,27896,27898,27901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,27854,26117],{"class":66},[60,27856,71],{"class":70},[60,27858,11488],{"class":74},[60,27860,79],{"class":78},[60,27862,8666],{"class":82},[60,27864,79],{"class":78},[60,27866,3901],{"class":74},[60,27868,91],{"class":78},[60,27870,27871],{"class":82},"Laptop",[60,27873,79],{"class":78},[60,27875,88],{"class":74},[60,27877,91],{"class":78},[60,27879,26143],{"class":82},[60,27881,79],{"class":78},[60,27883,3901],{"class":74},[60,27885,27886],{"class":1402}," 1200",[60,27888,88],{"class":74},[60,27890,91],{"class":78},[60,27892,27893],{"class":82},"discount",[60,27895,79],{"class":78},[60,27897,3901],{"class":74},[60,27899,27900],{"class":1402}," 200",[60,27902,10306],{"class":74},[60,27904,27905],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,27906,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27908,27909,27912,27914,27916,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926,27928,27930,27932],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,27910,27911],{"class":66},"discount_amount ",[60,27913,71],{"class":70},[60,27915,26195],{"class":66},[60,27917,123],{"class":74},[60,27919,27234],{"class":126},[60,27921,130],{"class":74},[60,27923,79],{"class":78},[60,27925,27893],{"class":82},[60,27927,79],{"class":78},[60,27929,88],{"class":74},[60,27931,4843],{"class":1402},[60,27933,136],{"class":74},[60,27935,27936],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,27937,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27939,27940,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,27941,27942],{"class":66},"final_price ",[60,27944,71],{"class":70},[60,27946,26195],{"class":66},[60,27948,353],{"class":74},[60,27950,79],{"class":78},[60,27952,26143],{"class":82},[60,27954,79],{"class":78},[60,27956,14265],{"class":74},[60,27958,3238],{"class":70},[60,27960,27961],{"class":66}," discount_amount\n",[60,27963,27964],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,27965,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,27967,27968,27970,27972,27975,27977],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,27969,143],{"class":142},[60,27971,130],{"class":74},[60,27973,27974],{"class":126},"discount_amount",[60,27976,2662],{"class":74},[60,27978,27979],{"class":4674},"  # 200\n",[60,27981,27982,27984,27986,27989,27991],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,27983,143],{"class":142},[60,27985,130],{"class":74},[60,27987,27988],{"class":126},"final_price",[60,27990,2662],{"class":74},[60,27992,27993],{"class":4674},"      # 1000\n",[60,27995,27996,27998,28000,28003,28005],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,27997,143],{"class":142},[60,27999,130],{"class":74},[60,28001,28002],{"class":126},"product",[60,28004,2662],{"class":74},[60,28006,28007],{"class":4674},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,28009,28010],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[46,28012,28014,11583,28016],{"id":28013},"pop-vs-del",[15,28015,13757],{},[15,28017,28018],{},"del",[20,28020,2357,28021,2360,28023,28025],{},[15,28022,13757],{},[15,28024,28018],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[415,28027,171,28029,28031],{"id":28028},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,28030,13757],{}," when you need the removed value",[51,28033,28035],{"className":53,"code":28034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,28036,28037,28073,28077,28099,28103,28116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28038,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28040,14196],{"class":66},[60,28042,71],{"class":70},[60,28044,11488],{"class":74},[60,28046,79],{"class":78},[60,28048,8666],{"class":82},[60,28050,79],{"class":78},[60,28052,3901],{"class":74},[60,28054,91],{"class":78},[60,28056,463],{"class":82},[60,28058,79],{"class":78},[60,28060,88],{"class":74},[60,28062,91],{"class":78},[60,28064,10296],{"class":82},[60,28066,79],{"class":78},[60,28068,3901],{"class":74},[60,28070,10303],{"class":1402},[60,28072,10306],{"class":74},[60,28074,28075],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28076,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28078,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28080,22623],{"class":66},[60,28082,71],{"class":70},[60,28084,14239],{"class":66},[60,28086,123],{"class":74},[60,28088,27234],{"class":126},[60,28090,130],{"class":74},[60,28092,79],{"class":78},[60,28094,10296],{"class":82},[60,28096,79],{"class":78},[60,28098,136],{"class":74},[60,28100,28101],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28102,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28104,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28106,143],{"class":142},[60,28108,130],{"class":74},[60,28110,10296],{"class":126},[60,28112,2662],{"class":74},[60,28114,28115],{"class":4674},"     # 25\n",[60,28117,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28119,143],{"class":142},[60,28121,130],{"class":74},[60,28123,18301],{"class":126},[60,28125,2662],{"class":74},[60,28127,28128],{"class":4674},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[415,28130,171,28132,28134],{"id":28131},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,28133,28018],{}," when you only want deletion",[51,28136,28138],{"className":53,"code":28137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,28139,28140,28176,28180,28196,28200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28141,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28143,14196],{"class":66},[60,28145,71],{"class":70},[60,28147,11488],{"class":74},[60,28149,79],{"class":78},[60,28151,8666],{"class":82},[60,28153,79],{"class":78},[60,28155,3901],{"class":74},[60,28157,91],{"class":78},[60,28159,463],{"class":82},[60,28161,79],{"class":78},[60,28163,88],{"class":74},[60,28165,91],{"class":78},[60,28167,10296],{"class":82},[60,28169,79],{"class":78},[60,28171,3901],{"class":74},[60,28173,10303],{"class":1402},[60,28175,10306],{"class":74},[60,28177,28178],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28179,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28181,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28183,28018],{"class":2665},[60,28185,14239],{"class":66},[60,28187,353],{"class":74},[60,28189,79],{"class":78},[60,28191,10296],{"class":82},[60,28193,79],{"class":78},[60,28195,108],{"class":74},[60,28197,28198],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28199,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28201,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28203,143],{"class":142},[60,28205,130],{"class":74},[60,28207,18301],{"class":126},[60,28209,2662],{"class":74},[60,28211,28128],{"class":4674},[20,28213,28214],{},"Difference:",[33,28216,28217,28222],{},[36,28218,28219,28221],{},[15,28220,13757],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[36,28223,28224,28226],{},[15,28225,28018],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,28228,28229,28230,123],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[551,28231,13569],{"href":13568},[46,28233,28235,28236],{"id":28234},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,28237,20681],{},[20,28239,28240],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[415,28242,28244],{"id":28243},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[51,28246,28248],{"className":53,"code":28247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28249,28250,28275,28279,28305,28309,28321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28251,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28271,28273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28253,12720],{"class":66},[60,28255,71],{"class":70},[60,28257,11488],{"class":74},[60,28259,79],{"class":78},[60,28261,8666],{"class":82},[60,28263,79],{"class":78},[60,28265,3901],{"class":74},[60,28267,91],{"class":78},[60,28269,28270],{"class":82},"Sara",[60,28272,79],{"class":78},[60,28274,10306],{"class":74},[60,28276,28277],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28278,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28280,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28282,3462],{"class":66},[60,28284,71],{"class":70},[60,28286,12761],{"class":66},[60,28288,123],{"class":74},[60,28290,27234],{"class":126},[60,28292,130],{"class":74},[60,28294,79],{"class":78},[60,28296,10296],{"class":82},[60,28298,79],{"class":78},[60,28300,88],{"class":74},[60,28302,1612],{"class":1611},[60,28304,136],{"class":74},[60,28306,28307],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28308,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28310,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28312,143],{"class":142},[60,28314,130],{"class":74},[60,28316,3487],{"class":126},[60,28318,2662],{"class":74},[60,28320,21555],{"class":4674},[60,28322,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28324,143],{"class":142},[60,28326,130],{"class":74},[60,28328,12445],{"class":126},[60,28330,2662],{"class":74},[60,28332,28333],{"class":4674}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,28335,28336],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[415,28338,28340],{"id":28339},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[51,28342,28344],{"className":53,"code":28343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,28345,28346,28370,28374,28390,28413,28423,28430],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28347,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28349,12720],{"class":66},[60,28351,71],{"class":70},[60,28353,11488],{"class":74},[60,28355,79],{"class":78},[60,28357,8666],{"class":82},[60,28359,79],{"class":78},[60,28361,3901],{"class":74},[60,28363,91],{"class":78},[60,28365,28270],{"class":82},[60,28367,79],{"class":78},[60,28369,10306],{"class":74},[60,28371,28372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28373,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28375,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28377,7996],{"class":2665},[60,28379,91],{"class":78},[60,28381,10296],{"class":82},[60,28383,79],{"class":78},[60,28385,22168],{"class":70},[60,28387,12761],{"class":66},[60,28389,7392],{"class":74},[60,28391,28392,28395,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28393,28394],{"class":66},"    value ",[60,28396,71],{"class":70},[60,28398,12761],{"class":66},[60,28400,123],{"class":74},[60,28402,27234],{"class":126},[60,28404,130],{"class":74},[60,28406,79],{"class":78},[60,28408,10296],{"class":82},[60,28410,79],{"class":78},[60,28412,136],{"class":74},[60,28414,28415,28417,28419,28421],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28416,9064],{"class":142},[60,28418,130],{"class":74},[60,28420,3487],{"class":126},[60,28422,136],{"class":74},[60,28424,28425,28428],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28426,28427],{"class":2665},"else",[60,28429,7392],{"class":74},[60,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28441,28443],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,28433,9064],{"class":142},[60,28435,130],{"class":74},[60,28437,79],{"class":78},[60,28439,28440],{"class":82},"Key not found",[60,28442,79],{"class":78},[60,28444,136],{"class":74},[415,28446,28448,28449,28451],{"id":28447},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,28450,11737],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[51,28453,28455],{"className":53,"code":28454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,28456,28457,28481,28485,28511,28515,28527],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28458,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28460,12720],{"class":66},[60,28462,71],{"class":70},[60,28464,11488],{"class":74},[60,28466,79],{"class":78},[60,28468,8666],{"class":82},[60,28470,79],{"class":78},[60,28472,3901],{"class":74},[60,28474,91],{"class":78},[60,28476,28270],{"class":82},[60,28478,79],{"class":78},[60,28480,10306],{"class":74},[60,28482,28483],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28484,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28486,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28488,3462],{"class":66},[60,28490,71],{"class":70},[60,28492,12761],{"class":66},[60,28494,123],{"class":74},[60,28496,20744],{"class":126},[60,28498,130],{"class":74},[60,28500,79],{"class":78},[60,28502,10296],{"class":82},[60,28504,79],{"class":78},[60,28506,88],{"class":74},[60,28508,1612],{"class":1611},[60,28510,136],{"class":74},[60,28512,28513],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28514,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28516,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28518,143],{"class":142},[60,28520,130],{"class":74},[60,28522,3487],{"class":126},[60,28524,2662],{"class":74},[60,28526,21555],{"class":4674},[60,28528,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28530,143],{"class":142},[60,28532,130],{"class":74},[60,28534,12445],{"class":126},[60,28536,2662],{"class":74},[60,28538,28333],{"class":4674},[20,28540,171,28541,28545,28546,123],{},[551,28542,28543],{"href":11733},[15,28544,27823],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[551,28547,12258],{"href":12070},[46,28549,5520],{"id":5519},[20,28551,28552,28553,123],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,28554,13564],{},[415,28556,26767,28558,28560],{"id":28557},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,28559,13757],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,28562,28563],{},"Lists use indexes:",[51,28565,28567],{"className":53,"code":28566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,28568,28569,28589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28570,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28572,4629],{"class":66},[60,28574,71],{"class":70},[60,28576,75],{"class":74},[60,28578,1345],{"class":1402},[60,28580,88],{"class":74},[60,28582,1407],{"class":1402},[60,28584,88],{"class":74},[60,28586,8791],{"class":1402},[60,28588,108],{"class":74},[60,28590,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28592,143],{"class":142},[60,28594,130],{"class":74},[60,28596,4659],{"class":126},[60,28598,123],{"class":74},[60,28600,27234],{"class":126},[60,28602,130],{"class":74},[60,28604,1432],{"class":1402},[60,28606,6362],{"class":74},[60,28608,28609],{"class":4674},"  # 20\n",[20,28611,28612],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[51,28614,28616],{"className":53,"code":28615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,28617,28618,28654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28619,28620,28622,28624,28626,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28621,14196],{"class":66},[60,28623,71],{"class":70},[60,28625,11488],{"class":74},[60,28627,79],{"class":78},[60,28629,8666],{"class":82},[60,28631,79],{"class":78},[60,28633,3901],{"class":74},[60,28635,91],{"class":78},[60,28637,463],{"class":82},[60,28639,79],{"class":78},[60,28641,88],{"class":74},[60,28643,91],{"class":78},[60,28645,10296],{"class":82},[60,28647,79],{"class":78},[60,28649,3901],{"class":74},[60,28651,10303],{"class":1402},[60,28653,10306],{"class":74},[60,28655,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28657,143],{"class":142},[60,28659,130],{"class":74},[60,28661,18301],{"class":126},[60,28663,123],{"class":74},[60,28665,27234],{"class":126},[60,28667,130],{"class":74},[60,28669,79],{"class":78},[60,28671,10296],{"class":82},[60,28673,79],{"class":78},[60,28675,6362],{"class":74},[60,28677,28678],{"class":4674},"  # 25\n",[20,28680,28681,28682,28684,28685,28687],{},"A dictionary does ",[4753,28683,5632],{}," use positions with ",[15,28686,13757],{},". It uses keys.",[415,28689,5706,28691,28693],{"id":28690},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,28692,13757],{}," changes the original dictionary",[51,28695,28697],{"className":53,"code":28696,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,28698,28699,28731,28735,28757,28761,28774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28700,28701,28703,28705,28707,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28702,10163],{"class":66},[60,28704,71],{"class":70},[60,28706,11488],{"class":74},[60,28708,79],{"class":78},[60,28710,3191],{"class":82},[60,28712,79],{"class":78},[60,28714,3901],{"class":74},[60,28716,6499],{"class":1402},[60,28718,88],{"class":74},[60,28720,91],{"class":78},[60,28722,785],{"class":82},[60,28724,79],{"class":78},[60,28726,3901],{"class":74},[60,28728,1437],{"class":1402},[60,28730,10306],{"class":74},[60,28732,28733],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28734,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28736,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28738,3462],{"class":66},[60,28740,71],{"class":70},[60,28742,15559],{"class":66},[60,28744,123],{"class":74},[60,28746,27234],{"class":126},[60,28748,130],{"class":74},[60,28750,79],{"class":78},[60,28752,3191],{"class":82},[60,28754,79],{"class":78},[60,28756,136],{"class":74},[60,28758,28759],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28760,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28762,28763,28765,28767,28769,28771],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28764,143],{"class":142},[60,28766,130],{"class":74},[60,28768,3487],{"class":126},[60,28770,2662],{"class":74},[60,28772,28773],{"class":4674},"  # 1\n",[60,28775,28776,28778,28780,28782,28784],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28777,143],{"class":142},[60,28779,130],{"class":74},[60,28781,10202],{"class":126},[60,28783,2662],{"class":74},[60,28785,28786],{"class":4674},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28788,28789,28790,28792],{},"After ",[15,28791,13757],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[415,28794,9413,28796,28798],{"id":28795},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28797,13757],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[51,28800,28802],{"className":53,"code":28801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28803,28804,28828,28832,28837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28805,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28807,10163],{"class":66},[60,28809,71],{"class":70},[60,28811,11488],{"class":74},[60,28813,79],{"class":78},[60,28815,8666],{"class":82},[60,28817,79],{"class":78},[60,28819,3901],{"class":74},[60,28821,91],{"class":78},[60,28823,1799],{"class":82},[60,28825,79],{"class":78},[60,28827,10306],{"class":74},[60,28829,28830],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28831,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28833,28834],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28835,28836],{"class":4674},"# This causes an error\n",[60,28838,28839],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28840,28841],{"class":4674},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28843,28844],{},"Safer version:",[51,28846,28848],{"className":53,"code":28847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28849,28850,28874,28878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28851,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28853,10163],{"class":66},[60,28855,71],{"class":70},[60,28857,11488],{"class":74},[60,28859,79],{"class":78},[60,28861,8666],{"class":82},[60,28863,79],{"class":78},[60,28865,3901],{"class":74},[60,28867,91],{"class":78},[60,28869,1799],{"class":82},[60,28871,79],{"class":78},[60,28873,10306],{"class":74},[60,28875,28876],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28877,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28879,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28881,143],{"class":142},[60,28883,130],{"class":74},[60,28885,10202],{"class":126},[60,28887,123],{"class":74},[60,28889,27234],{"class":126},[60,28891,130],{"class":74},[60,28893,79],{"class":78},[60,28895,10296],{"class":82},[60,28897,79],{"class":78},[60,28899,88],{"class":74},[60,28901,91],{"class":78},[60,28903,27766],{"class":82},[60,28905,79],{"class":78},[60,28907,6362],{"class":74},[60,28909,27802],{"class":4674},[415,28911,9449,28913,28915],{"id":28912},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28914,13757],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[51,28917,28919],{"className":53,"code":28918,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28920,28921,28953,28957,28979,28983,28995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,28922,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,28924,10163],{"class":66},[60,28926,71],{"class":70},[60,28928,11488],{"class":74},[60,28930,79],{"class":78},[60,28932,551],{"class":82},[60,28934,79],{"class":78},[60,28936,3901],{"class":74},[60,28938,6499],{"class":1402},[60,28940,88],{"class":74},[60,28942,91],{"class":78},[60,28944,2258],{"class":82},[60,28946,79],{"class":78},[60,28948,3901],{"class":74},[60,28950,1437],{"class":1402},[60,28952,10306],{"class":74},[60,28954,28955],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,28956,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28958,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,28960,114],{"class":66},[60,28962,71],{"class":70},[60,28964,15559],{"class":66},[60,28966,123],{"class":74},[60,28968,27234],{"class":126},[60,28970,130],{"class":74},[60,28972,79],{"class":78},[60,28974,551],{"class":82},[60,28976,79],{"class":78},[60,28978,136],{"class":74},[60,28980,28981],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,28982,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,28984,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,28986,143],{"class":142},[60,28988,130],{"class":74},[60,28990,148],{"class":126},[60,28992,2662],{"class":74},[60,28994,28773],{"class":4674},[60,28996,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,28998,143],{"class":142},[60,29000,130],{"class":74},[60,29002,10202],{"class":126},[60,29004,2662],{"class":74},[60,29006,29007],{"class":4674},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,29009,29010],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[46,29012,29014],{"id":29013},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,29016,29017,29018,29020],{},"Problems with ",[15,29019,13564],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[33,29022,29023,29026,29035,29038],{},[36,29024,29025],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[36,29027,29028,29029,29032,29033],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,29030,29031],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,29034,27330],{},[36,29036,29037],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[36,29039,29040,29041,2600,29043],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,29042,1432],{},[15,29044,29045],{},"\"1\"",[20,29047,29048],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[51,29050,29052],{"className":53,"code":29051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,29053,29054,29078,29082,29112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29055,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29057,10163],{"class":66},[60,29059,71],{"class":70},[60,29061,11488],{"class":74},[60,29063,79],{"class":78},[60,29065,1432],{"class":82},[60,29067,79],{"class":78},[60,29069,3901],{"class":74},[60,29071,91],{"class":78},[60,29073,895],{"class":82},[60,29075,79],{"class":78},[60,29077,10306],{"class":74},[60,29079,29080],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29081,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,29083,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29105,29107,29109],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,29085,143],{"class":142},[60,29087,130],{"class":74},[60,29089,10202],{"class":126},[60,29091,123],{"class":74},[60,29093,27234],{"class":126},[60,29095,130],{"class":74},[60,29097,1432],{"class":1402},[60,29099,88],{"class":74},[60,29101,91],{"class":78},[60,29103,29104],{"class":82},"not found",[60,29106,79],{"class":78},[60,29108,6362],{"class":74},[60,29110,29111],{"class":4674},"    # not found\n",[60,29113,29114,29116,29118,29120,29122,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,29115,143],{"class":142},[60,29117,130],{"class":74},[60,29119,10202],{"class":126},[60,29121,123],{"class":74},[60,29123,27234],{"class":126},[60,29125,130],{"class":74},[60,29127,79],{"class":78},[60,29129,1432],{"class":82},[60,29131,79],{"class":78},[60,29133,88],{"class":74},[60,29135,91],{"class":78},[60,29137,29104],{"class":82},[60,29139,79],{"class":78},[60,29141,6362],{"class":74},[60,29143,29144],{"class":4674},"  # one\n",[20,29146,29147,2360,29149,29151],{},[15,29148,1432],{},[15,29150,29045],{}," are different keys.",[46,29153,9870],{"id":9869},[20,29155,2580,29156,29158],{},[15,29157,13757],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,29160,29162],{"className":53,"code":29161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,29163,29164,29174,29188,29206,29236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29165,29166,29168,29170,29172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29167,143],{"class":142},[60,29169,130],{"class":74},[60,29171,12445],{"class":126},[60,29173,136],{"class":74},[60,29175,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29177,143],{"class":142},[60,29179,130],{"class":74},[60,29181,12445],{"class":126},[60,29183,123],{"class":74},[60,29185,17917],{"class":126},[60,29187,8193],{"class":74},[60,29189,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,29191,143],{"class":142},[60,29193,130],{"class":74},[60,29195,356],{"class":78},[60,29197,8666],{"class":82},[60,29199,356],{"class":78},[60,29201,22168],{"class":2665},[60,29203,12761],{"class":126},[60,29205,136],{"class":74},[60,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,29209,143],{"class":142},[60,29211,130],{"class":74},[60,29213,12445],{"class":126},[60,29215,123],{"class":74},[60,29217,27234],{"class":126},[60,29219,130],{"class":74},[60,29221,356],{"class":78},[60,29223,8666],{"class":82},[60,29225,356],{"class":78},[60,29227,88],{"class":74},[60,29229,365],{"class":78},[60,29231,27766],{"class":82},[60,29233,356],{"class":78},[60,29235,1042],{"class":74},[60,29237,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,29239,143],{"class":142},[60,29241,130],{"class":74},[60,29243,2629],{"class":1527},[60,29245,130],{"class":74},[60,29247,12445],{"class":126},[60,29249,1042],{"class":74},[20,29251,22331],{},[33,29253,29254,29259,29264,29269,29275],{},[36,29255,29256,29258],{},[15,29257,13674],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[36,29260,29261,29263],{},[15,29262,22343],{}," shows all available keys",[36,29265,29266,29268],{},[15,29267,22349],{}," checks whether a key exists",[36,29270,29271,29274],{},[15,29272,29273],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[36,29276,29277,29279],{},[15,29278,13680],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,29281,29282,29283,123],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[551,29284,10389],{"href":10388},[46,29286,2804],{"id":2803},[415,29288,29290,29291,29293],{"id":29289},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,29292,13757],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,29295,29296],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[415,29298,29300],{"id":29299},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,29302,29303,27531,29305,29307,29308,29310],{},[15,29304,27330],{},[15,29306,20681],{},". ",[15,29309,27334],{}," returns the default value instead.",[415,29312,2808,29314,15889],{"id":29313},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29315,13757],{},[20,29317,29318],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[415,29320,2833,29322,29324],{"id":29321},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,29323,13757],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,29326,29327,29328,29330,29331,123],{},"Not with ",[15,29329,13564],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[551,29332,29333],{"href":13575},[15,29334,13764],{},[415,29336,6180,29338,2360,29340,2863],{"id":29337},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,29339,11737],{},[15,29341,13757],{},[20,29343,29344,29346,29347,29349],{},[15,29345,11737],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,29348,13757],{}," reads and removes it.",[46,29351,2870],{"id":2869},[33,29353,29354,29360,29367,29371,29375,29379],{},[36,29355,29356],{},[551,29357,29358],{"href":11733},[15,29359,20662],{},[36,29361,29362],{},[551,29363,29364],{"href":13575},[15,29365,29366],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[36,29368,29369],{},[551,29370,13781],{"href":13568},[36,29372,29373],{},[551,29374,22452],{"href":17590},[36,29376,29377],{},[551,29378,12258],{"href":12070},[36,29380,29381],{},[551,29382,29384],{"href":29383},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2912,29386,29387],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":29389},[29390,29391,29393,29394,29395,29397,29404,29411,29421,29422,29423,29434],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":27341,"depth":111,"text":29392},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":27826,"depth":111,"text":29396},"When to use pop()",{"id":28013,"depth":111,"text":29398,"children":29399},"pop() vs del",[29400,29402],{"id":28028,"depth":139,"text":29401},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":28131,"depth":139,"text":29403},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":28234,"depth":111,"text":29405,"children":29406},"How to avoid KeyError",[29407,29408,29409],{"id":28243,"depth":139,"text":28244},{"id":28339,"depth":139,"text":28340},{"id":28447,"depth":139,"text":29410},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":29412},[29413,29415,29417,29419],{"id":28557,"depth":139,"text":29414},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28690,"depth":139,"text":29416},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28795,"depth":139,"text":29418},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28912,"depth":139,"text":29420},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":29013,"depth":111,"text":29014},{"id":9869,"depth":111,"text":9870},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":29424},[29425,29427,29428,29430,29432],{"id":29289,"depth":139,"text":29426},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":29299,"depth":139,"text":29300},{"id":29313,"depth":139,"text":29429},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29321,"depth":139,"text":29431},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":29337,"depth":139,"text":29433},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":27162,"description":29435},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":29442,"title":29366,"body":29443,"description":31382,"extension":2980,"meta":31383,"navigation":304,"path":31384,"seo":31385,"stem":31386,"__hash__":31387},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":29444,"toc":31346},[29445,29450,29455,29458,29466,29476,29478,29567,29571,29620,29625,29630,29634,29650,29653,29655,29670,29672,29688,29695,29699,29705,29714,29716,29785,29789,29810,29813,29832,29835,29858,29860,29863,29978,29982,30041,30048,30052,30058,30183,30187,30237,30240,30244,30251,30253,30316,30320,30341,30344,30353,30368,30376,30383,30387,30399,30403,30414,30416,30562,30566,30625,30632,30637,30641,30647,30670,30675,30694,30698,30769,30776,30849,30858,30863,30868,30879,30882,31019,31024,31056,31061,31063,31067,31127,31130,31187,31190,31233,31235,31240,31246,31252,31255,31262,31270,31275,31278,31285,31293,31295,31343],[10,29446,12314,29448,18],{"id":29447},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,29449,13764],{},[20,29451,2997,29452,29454],{},[15,29453,13764],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,29456,29457],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[33,29459,29460,29463],{},[36,29461,29462],{},"remove an item",[36,29464,29465],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,29467,29468,29469,29471,29472,29475],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,29470,13764],{}," removes the ",[4753,29473,29474],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[46,29477,3022],{"id":3021},[51,29479,29481],{"className":53,"code":29480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,29482,29483,29527,29543,29547,29557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29484,29485,29487,29489,29491,29493,29495,29497,29499,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513,29515,29517,29519,29521,29523,29525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29486,10163],{"class":66},[60,29488,71],{"class":70},[60,29490,11488],{"class":74},[60,29492,79],{"class":78},[60,29494,551],{"class":82},[60,29496,79],{"class":78},[60,29498,3901],{"class":74},[60,29500,6499],{"class":1402},[60,29502,88],{"class":74},[60,29504,91],{"class":78},[60,29506,2258],{"class":82},[60,29508,79],{"class":78},[60,29510,3901],{"class":74},[60,29512,1437],{"class":1402},[60,29514,88],{"class":74},[60,29516,91],{"class":78},[60,29518,1895],{"class":82},[60,29520,79],{"class":78},[60,29522,3901],{"class":74},[60,29524,1442],{"class":1402},[60,29526,10306],{"class":74},[60,29528,29529,29532,29534,29536,29538,29541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29530,29531],{"class":66},"item ",[60,29533,71],{"class":70},[60,29535,15559],{"class":66},[60,29537,123],{"class":74},[60,29539,29540],{"class":126},"popitem",[60,29542,9640],{"class":74},[60,29544,29545],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,29546,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,29548,29549,29551,29553,29555],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,29550,143],{"class":142},[60,29552,130],{"class":74},[60,29554,2659],{"class":126},[60,29556,136],{"class":74},[60,29558,29559,29561,29563,29565],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,29560,143],{"class":142},[60,29562,130],{"class":74},[60,29564,10202],{"class":126},[60,29566,136],{"class":74},[20,29568,29569],{},[4753,29570,153],{},[51,29572,29574],{"className":53,"code":29573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,29575,29576,29592],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29577,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29579,130],{"class":74},[60,29581,356],{"class":78},[60,29583,1895],{"class":82},[60,29585,356],{"class":78},[60,29587,88],{"class":74},[60,29589,1442],{"class":1402},[60,29591,136],{"class":74},[60,29593,29594,29596,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29595,10275],{"class":74},[60,29597,356],{"class":78},[60,29599,551],{"class":82},[60,29601,356],{"class":78},[60,29603,3901],{"class":74},[60,29605,6499],{"class":1402},[60,29607,88],{"class":74},[60,29609,365],{"class":78},[60,29611,2258],{"class":82},[60,29613,356],{"class":78},[60,29615,3901],{"class":74},[60,29617,1437],{"class":1402},[60,29619,10306],{"class":74},[20,29621,29622,29624],{},[15,29623,13764],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[46,29626,178,29628,181],{"id":29627},"what-popitem-does",[15,29629,13764],{},[20,29631,29632,3901],{},[15,29633,13764],{},[33,29635,29636,29639,29644,29647],{},[36,29637,29638],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[36,29640,29641,29642],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,29643,22650],{},[36,29645,29646],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[36,29648,29649],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,29651,29652],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[46,29654,389],{"id":388},[51,29656,29658],{"className":53,"code":29657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,29659,29660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29661,29662,29664,29666,29668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29663,16598],{"class":66},[60,29665,123],{"class":74},[60,29667,29540],{"class":126},[60,29669,9640],{"class":74},[20,29671,189],{},[33,29673,29674,29682,29685],{},[36,29675,29676,29678,29679],{},[15,29677,13764],{}," takes ",[4753,29680,29681],{},"no arguments",[36,29683,29684],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[36,29686,29687],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,29689,29690,29691,2225],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[551,29692,29693],{"href":13561},[15,29694,13757],{},[46,29696,29698],{"id":29697},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,29700,29701,29702,29704],{},"The value returned by ",[15,29703,13764],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29706,29707,29708,29711],"ol",{},[36,29709,29710],{},"the key",[36,29712,29713],{},"the value",[20,29715,236],{},[51,29717,29719],{"className":53,"code":29718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,29720,29721,29757,29771,29775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29722,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733,29735,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29724,14196],{"class":66},[60,29726,71],{"class":70},[60,29728,11488],{"class":74},[60,29730,79],{"class":78},[60,29732,8666],{"class":82},[60,29734,79],{"class":78},[60,29736,3901],{"class":74},[60,29738,91],{"class":78},[60,29740,6005],{"class":82},[60,29742,79],{"class":78},[60,29744,88],{"class":74},[60,29746,91],{"class":78},[60,29748,10296],{"class":82},[60,29750,79],{"class":78},[60,29752,3901],{"class":74},[60,29754,10303],{"class":1402},[60,29756,10306],{"class":74},[60,29758,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29760,114],{"class":66},[60,29762,71],{"class":70},[60,29764,14239],{"class":66},[60,29766,123],{"class":74},[60,29768,29540],{"class":126},[60,29770,9640],{"class":74},[60,29772,29773],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,29774,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,29776,29777,29779,29781,29783],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,29778,143],{"class":142},[60,29780,130],{"class":74},[60,29782,148],{"class":126},[60,29784,136],{"class":74},[20,29786,29787],{},[4753,29788,153],{},[51,29790,29792],{"className":53,"code":29791,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29793,29794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29795,29796,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29797,130],{"class":74},[60,29799,356],{"class":78},[60,29801,10296],{"class":82},[60,29803,356],{"class":78},[60,29805,88],{"class":74},[60,29807,10303],{"class":1402},[60,29809,136],{"class":74},[20,29811,29812],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[51,29814,29816],{"className":53,"code":29815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29817,29818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29819,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29821,114],{"class":66},[60,29823,71],{"class":70},[60,29825,14239],{"class":66},[60,29827,123],{"class":74},[60,29829,29540],{"class":126},[60,29831,9640],{"class":74},[20,29833,29834],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[51,29836,29838],{"className":53,"code":29837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29839,29840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848,29850,29852,29854,29856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29843,15834],{"class":66},[60,29845,88],{"class":74},[60,29847,22579],{"class":66},[60,29849,71],{"class":70},[60,29851,14239],{"class":66},[60,29853,123],{"class":74},[60,29855,29540],{"class":126},[60,29857,9640],{"class":74},[46,29859,12470],{"id":12469},[20,29861,29862],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[51,29864,29866],{"className":53,"code":29865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29867,29868,29916,29920,29935,29939,29959],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29869,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29900,29902,29904,29907,29909,29911,29914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29871,6064],{"class":66},[60,29873,71],{"class":70},[60,29875,11488],{"class":74},[60,29877,79],{"class":78},[60,29879,29880],{"class":82},"Tom",[60,29882,79],{"class":78},[60,29884,3901],{"class":74},[60,29886,6076],{"class":1402},[60,29888,88],{"class":74},[60,29890,91],{"class":78},[60,29892,463],{"class":82},[60,29894,79],{"class":78},[60,29896,3901],{"class":74},[60,29898,29899],{"class":1402}," 95",[60,29901,88],{"class":74},[60,29903,91],{"class":78},[60,29905,29906],{"class":82},"Leo",[60,29908,79],{"class":78},[60,29910,3901],{"class":74},[60,29912,29913],{"class":1402}," 88",[60,29915,10306],{"class":74},[60,29917,29918],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,29919,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,29921,29922,29925,29927,29929,29931,29933],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,29923,29924],{"class":66},"removed_pair ",[60,29926,71],{"class":70},[60,29928,6111],{"class":66},[60,29930,123],{"class":74},[60,29932,29540],{"class":126},[60,29934,9640],{"class":74},[60,29936,29937],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,29938,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,29940,29941,29943,29945,29947,29950,29952,29954,29957],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,29942,143],{"class":142},[60,29944,130],{"class":74},[60,29946,79],{"class":78},[60,29948,29949],{"class":82},"Removed:",[60,29951,79],{"class":78},[60,29953,88],{"class":74},[60,29955,29956],{"class":126}," removed_pair",[60,29958,136],{"class":74},[60,29960,29961,29963,29965,29967,29970,29972,29974,29976],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,29962,143],{"class":142},[60,29964,130],{"class":74},[60,29966,79],{"class":78},[60,29968,29969],{"class":82},"After removal:",[60,29971,79],{"class":78},[60,29973,88],{"class":74},[60,29975,6111],{"class":126},[60,29977,136],{"class":74},[20,29979,29980],{},[4753,29981,153],{},[51,29983,29985],{"className":53,"code":29984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29986,29987,30008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,29988,29989,29992,29994,29996,29998,30000,30002,30004,30006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,29990,29991],{"class":66},"Removed",[60,29993,3901],{"class":74},[60,29995,1776],{"class":74},[60,29997,356],{"class":78},[60,29999,29906],{"class":82},[60,30001,356],{"class":78},[60,30003,88],{"class":74},[60,30005,29913],{"class":1402},[60,30007,136],{"class":74},[60,30009,30010,30013,30015,30017,30019,30021,30023,30025,30027,30029,30031,30033,30035,30037,30039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30011,30012],{"class":66},"After removal",[60,30014,3901],{"class":74},[60,30016,11488],{"class":74},[60,30018,356],{"class":78},[60,30020,29880],{"class":82},[60,30022,356],{"class":78},[60,30024,3901],{"class":74},[60,30026,6076],{"class":1402},[60,30028,88],{"class":74},[60,30030,365],{"class":78},[60,30032,463],{"class":82},[60,30034,356],{"class":78},[60,30036,3901],{"class":74},[60,30038,29899],{"class":1402},[60,30040,10306],{"class":74},[20,30042,30043,30044,30047],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,30045,30046],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[46,30049,30051],{"id":30050},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,30053,30054,30055,30057],{},"Because ",[15,30056,13764],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[51,30059,30061],{"className":53,"code":30060,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,30062,30063,30099,30103,30122,30126,30145,30164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30064,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091,30093,30095,30097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30066,16441],{"class":66},[60,30068,71],{"class":70},[60,30070,11488],{"class":74},[60,30072,79],{"class":78},[60,30074,16452],{"class":82},[60,30076,79],{"class":78},[60,30078,3901],{"class":74},[60,30080,91],{"class":78},[60,30082,16461],{"class":82},[60,30084,79],{"class":78},[60,30086,88],{"class":74},[60,30088,91],{"class":78},[60,30090,16472],{"class":82},[60,30092,79],{"class":78},[60,30094,3901],{"class":74},[60,30096,27900],{"class":1402},[60,30098,10306],{"class":74},[60,30100,30101],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30102,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30104,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30116,30118,30120],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30106,15834],{"class":66},[60,30108,88],{"class":74},[60,30110,22579],{"class":66},[60,30112,71],{"class":70},[60,30114,30115],{"class":66}," book",[60,30117,123],{"class":74},[60,30119,29540],{"class":126},[60,30121,9640],{"class":74},[60,30123,30124],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,30125,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30127,30128,30130,30132,30134,30137,30139,30141,30143],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,30129,143],{"class":142},[60,30131,130],{"class":74},[60,30133,79],{"class":78},[60,30135,30136],{"class":82},"Key:",[60,30138,79],{"class":78},[60,30140,88],{"class":74},[60,30142,22574],{"class":126},[60,30144,136],{"class":74},[60,30146,30147,30149,30151,30153,30156,30158,30160,30162],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,30148,143],{"class":142},[60,30150,130],{"class":74},[60,30152,79],{"class":78},[60,30154,30155],{"class":82},"Value:",[60,30157,79],{"class":78},[60,30159,88],{"class":74},[60,30161,9429],{"class":126},[60,30163,136],{"class":74},[60,30165,30166,30168,30170,30172,30175,30177,30179,30181],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,30167,143],{"class":142},[60,30169,130],{"class":74},[60,30171,79],{"class":78},[60,30173,30174],{"class":82},"Dictionary:",[60,30176,79],{"class":78},[60,30178,88],{"class":74},[60,30180,30115],{"class":126},[60,30182,136],{"class":74},[20,30184,30185],{},[4753,30186,153],{},[51,30188,30190],{"className":53,"code":30189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,30191,30192,30202,30212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30193,30194,30197,30199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30195,30196],{"class":66},"Key",[60,30198,3901],{"class":74},[60,30200,30201],{"class":66}," pages\n",[60,30203,30204,30207,30209],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30205,30206],{"class":66},"Value",[60,30208,3901],{"class":74},[60,30210,30211],{"class":1402}," 200\n",[60,30213,30214,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30215,30216],{"class":66},"Dictionary",[60,30218,3901],{"class":74},[60,30220,11488],{"class":74},[60,30222,356],{"class":78},[60,30224,16452],{"class":82},[60,30226,356],{"class":78},[60,30228,3901],{"class":74},[60,30230,365],{"class":78},[60,30232,16461],{"class":82},[60,30234,356],{"class":78},[60,30236,10306],{"class":74},[20,30238,30239],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[46,30241,30243],{"id":30242},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,30245,30246,30247,29471,30249,123],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,30248,13764],{},[4753,30250,29474],{},[20,30252,236],{},[51,30254,30256],{"className":53,"code":30255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,30257,30258,30302],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30259,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30261,10163],{"class":66},[60,30263,71],{"class":70},[60,30265,11488],{"class":74},[60,30267,79],{"class":78},[60,30269,3191],{"class":82},[60,30271,79],{"class":78},[60,30273,3901],{"class":74},[60,30275,6499],{"class":1402},[60,30277,88],{"class":74},[60,30279,91],{"class":78},[60,30281,785],{"class":82},[60,30283,79],{"class":78},[60,30285,3901],{"class":74},[60,30287,1437],{"class":1402},[60,30289,88],{"class":74},[60,30291,91],{"class":78},[60,30293,23072],{"class":82},[60,30295,79],{"class":78},[60,30297,3901],{"class":74},[60,30299,1442],{"class":1402},[60,30301,10306],{"class":74},[60,30303,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30305,143],{"class":142},[60,30307,130],{"class":74},[60,30309,10202],{"class":126},[60,30311,123],{"class":74},[60,30313,29540],{"class":126},[60,30315,8193],{"class":74},[20,30317,30318],{},[4753,30319,153],{},[51,30321,30323],{"className":53,"code":30322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('z', 3)\n",[15,30324,30325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30326,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30328,130],{"class":74},[60,30330,356],{"class":78},[60,30332,23072],{"class":82},[60,30334,356],{"class":78},[60,30336,88],{"class":74},[60,30338,1442],{"class":1402},[60,30340,136],{"class":74},[20,30342,30343],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,30345,30346,30347,30349,30350,30352],{},"As a beginner, do ",[4753,30348,5632],{}," think of ",[15,30351,13764],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,30354,30355,30356,287,30360,18066,30364,123],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[551,30357,30358],{"href":18069},[15,30359,18072],{},[551,30361,30362],{"href":18056},[15,30363,18059],{},[551,30365,30366],{"href":18062},[15,30367,18065],{},[46,30369,30371,30372,2360,30374],{"id":30370},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,30373,13764],{},[15,30375,13757],{},[20,30377,30378,2360,30380,30382],{},[15,30379,13764],{},[15,30381,13757],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[415,30384,30385],{"id":29540},[15,30386,13764],{},[33,30388,30389,30392,30395],{},[36,30390,30391],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[36,30393,30394],{},"does not need a key argument",[36,30396,4702,30397],{},[15,30398,22650],{},[415,30400,30401],{"id":27234},[15,30402,13757],{},[33,30404,30405,30408,30411],{},[36,30406,30407],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[36,30409,30410],{},"needs the key name",[36,30412,30413],{},"returns only the value",[20,30415,236],{},[51,30417,30419],{"className":53,"code":30418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,30420,30421,30465,30469,30483,30503,30507,30529,30548,30552],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30422,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30424,10163],{"class":66},[60,30426,71],{"class":70},[60,30428,11488],{"class":74},[60,30430,79],{"class":78},[60,30432,551],{"class":82},[60,30434,79],{"class":78},[60,30436,3901],{"class":74},[60,30438,6499],{"class":1402},[60,30440,88],{"class":74},[60,30442,91],{"class":78},[60,30444,2258],{"class":82},[60,30446,79],{"class":78},[60,30448,3901],{"class":74},[60,30450,1437],{"class":1402},[60,30452,88],{"class":74},[60,30454,91],{"class":78},[60,30456,1895],{"class":82},[60,30458,79],{"class":78},[60,30460,3901],{"class":74},[60,30462,1442],{"class":1402},[60,30464,10306],{"class":74},[60,30466,30467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30468,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30470,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30472,29531],{"class":66},[60,30474,71],{"class":70},[60,30476,15559],{"class":66},[60,30478,123],{"class":74},[60,30480,29540],{"class":126},[60,30482,9640],{"class":74},[60,30484,30485,30487,30489,30491,30494,30496,30498,30501],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,30486,143],{"class":142},[60,30488,130],{"class":74},[60,30490,79],{"class":78},[60,30492,30493],{"class":82},"popitem():",[60,30495,79],{"class":78},[60,30497,88],{"class":74},[60,30499,30500],{"class":126}," item",[60,30502,136],{"class":74},[60,30504,30505],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,30506,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30508,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,30510,3462],{"class":66},[60,30512,71],{"class":70},[60,30514,15559],{"class":66},[60,30516,123],{"class":74},[60,30518,27234],{"class":126},[60,30520,130],{"class":74},[60,30522,79],{"class":78},[60,30524,551],{"class":82},[60,30526,79],{"class":78},[60,30528,136],{"class":74},[60,30530,30531,30533,30535,30537,30540,30542,30544,30546],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,30532,143],{"class":142},[60,30534,130],{"class":74},[60,30536,79],{"class":78},[60,30538,30539],{"class":82},"pop('a'):",[60,30541,79],{"class":78},[60,30543,88],{"class":74},[60,30545,9429],{"class":126},[60,30547,136],{"class":74},[60,30549,30550],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,30551,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30553,30554,30556,30558,30560],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,30555,143],{"class":142},[60,30557,130],{"class":74},[60,30559,10202],{"class":126},[60,30561,136],{"class":74},[20,30563,30564],{},[4753,30565,153],{},[51,30567,30569],{"className":53,"code":30568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,30570,30571,30592,30609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30572,30573,30575,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30574,29540],{"class":126},[60,30576,30577],{"class":74},"():",[60,30579,1776],{"class":74},[60,30581,356],{"class":78},[60,30583,1895],{"class":82},[60,30585,356],{"class":78},[60,30587,88],{"class":74},[60,30589,1442],{"class":1402},[60,30591,136],{"class":74},[60,30593,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30595,27234],{"class":126},[60,30597,130],{"class":74},[60,30599,356],{"class":78},[60,30601,551],{"class":82},[60,30603,356],{"class":78},[60,30605,17445],{"class":74},[60,30607,30608],{"class":1402}," 1\n",[60,30610,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30612,10275],{"class":74},[60,30614,356],{"class":78},[60,30616,2258],{"class":82},[60,30618,356],{"class":78},[60,30620,3901],{"class":74},[60,30622,1437],{"class":1402},[60,30624,10306],{"class":74},[20,30626,171,30627,30631],{},[551,30628,30629],{"href":13561},[15,30630,13757],{}," when you know the key.",[20,30633,171,30634,30636],{},[15,30635,13764],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[46,30638,30640],{"id":30639},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,30642,30643,30644,30646],{},"Calling ",[15,30645,13764],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[51,30648,30650],{"className":53,"code":30649,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,30651,30652,30660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30653,30654,30656,30658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30655,10163],{"class":66},[60,30657,71],{"class":70},[60,30659,10835],{"class":74},[60,30661,30662,30664,30666,30668],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30663,10202],{"class":66},[60,30665,123],{"class":74},[60,30667,29540],{"class":126},[60,30669,9640],{"class":74},[20,30671,30672],{},[4753,30673,30674],{},"Error:",[51,30676,30678],{"className":53,"code":30677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,30679,30680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30681,30682,30684,30686,30688,30691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30683,20681],{"class":1527},[60,30685,3901],{"class":74},[60,30687,365],{"class":78},[60,30689,30690],{"class":82},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[60,30692,30693],{"class":78},"'\n",[415,30695,30697],{"id":30696},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[51,30699,30701],{"className":53,"code":30700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,30702,30703,30711,30715,30723,30738,30748,30754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30704,30705,30707,30709],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30706,10163],{"class":66},[60,30708,71],{"class":70},[60,30710,10835],{"class":74},[60,30712,30713],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30714,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30716,30717,30719,30721],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30718,7996],{"class":2665},[60,30720,15559],{"class":66},[60,30722,7392],{"class":74},[60,30724,30725,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,30726,30727],{"class":66},"    item ",[60,30729,71],{"class":70},[60,30731,15559],{"class":66},[60,30733,123],{"class":74},[60,30735,29540],{"class":126},[60,30737,9640],{"class":74},[60,30739,30740,30742,30744,30746],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,30741,9064],{"class":142},[60,30743,130],{"class":74},[60,30745,2659],{"class":126},[60,30747,136],{"class":74},[60,30749,30750,30752],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,30751,28427],{"class":2665},[60,30753,7392],{"class":74},[60,30755,30756,30758,30760,30762,30765,30767],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,30757,9064],{"class":142},[60,30759,130],{"class":74},[60,30761,79],{"class":78},[60,30763,30764],{"class":82},"Dictionary is empty",[60,30766,79],{"class":78},[60,30768,136],{"class":74},[415,30770,30772,30773],{"id":30771},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30774,30775],{},"try-except",[51,30777,30779],{"className":53,"code":30778,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30780,30781,30789,30793,30800,30814,30824,30834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30782,30783,30785,30787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30784,10163],{"class":66},[60,30786,71],{"class":70},[60,30788,10835],{"class":74},[60,30790,30791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30792,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30794,30795,30798],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30796,30797],{"class":2665},"try",[60,30799,7392],{"class":74},[60,30801,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,30803,30727],{"class":66},[60,30805,71],{"class":70},[60,30807,15559],{"class":66},[60,30809,123],{"class":74},[60,30811,29540],{"class":126},[60,30813,9640],{"class":74},[60,30815,30816,30818,30820,30822],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,30817,9064],{"class":142},[60,30819,130],{"class":74},[60,30821,2659],{"class":126},[60,30823,136],{"class":74},[60,30825,30826,30829,30832],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,30827,30828],{"class":2665},"except",[60,30830,30831],{"class":1527}," KeyError",[60,30833,7392],{"class":74},[60,30835,30836,30838,30840,30842,30845,30847],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,30837,9064],{"class":142},[60,30839,130],{"class":74},[60,30841,79],{"class":78},[60,30843,30844],{"class":82},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[60,30846,79],{"class":78},[60,30848,136],{"class":74},[20,30850,30851,30852,123],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[551,30853,1999,30855],{"href":30854},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30856,30857],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[46,30859,5963,30861],{"id":30860},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30862,13764],{},[20,30864,30865,30867],{},[15,30866,13764],{}," is useful when:",[33,30869,30870,30873,30876],{},[36,30871,30872],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[36,30874,30875],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[36,30877,30878],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30880,30881],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[51,30883,30885],{"className":53,"code":30884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30886,30887,30896,30916,30936,30954,30958,30962,30972,30991],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,30888,30889,30892,30894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,30890,30891],{"class":66},"tasks ",[60,30893,71],{"class":70},[60,30895,12488],{"class":74},[60,30897,30898,30900,30903,30905,30907,30909,30912,30914],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,30899,12493],{"class":78},[60,30901,30902],{"class":82},"first",[60,30904,79],{"class":78},[60,30906,3901],{"class":74},[60,30908,91],{"class":78},[60,30910,30911],{"class":82},"wash dishes",[60,30913,79],{"class":78},[60,30915,12509],{"class":74},[60,30917,30918,30920,30923,30925,30927,30929,30932,30934],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,30919,12493],{"class":78},[60,30921,30922],{"class":82},"second",[60,30924,79],{"class":78},[60,30926,3901],{"class":74},[60,30928,91],{"class":78},[60,30930,30931],{"class":82},"do homework",[60,30933,79],{"class":78},[60,30935,12509],{"class":74},[60,30937,30938,30940,30943,30945,30947,30949,30952],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,30939,12493],{"class":78},[60,30941,30942],{"class":82},"third",[60,30944,79],{"class":78},[60,30946,3901],{"class":74},[60,30948,91],{"class":78},[60,30950,30951],{"class":82},"read book",[60,30953,2389],{"class":78},[60,30955,30956],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,30957,10306],{"class":74},[60,30959,30960],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,30961,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,30963,30964,30967,30970],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,30965,30966],{"class":2665},"while",[60,30968,30969],{"class":66}," tasks",[60,30971,7392],{"class":74},[60,30973,30974,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985,30987,30989],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,30975,30976],{"class":66},"    key",[60,30978,88],{"class":74},[60,30980,22579],{"class":66},[60,30982,71],{"class":70},[60,30984,30969],{"class":66},[60,30986,123],{"class":74},[60,30988,29540],{"class":126},[60,30990,9640],{"class":74},[60,30992,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003,31005,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,30994,9064],{"class":142},[60,30996,130],{"class":74},[60,30998,23288],{"class":3082},[60,31000,79],{"class":82},[60,31002,10275],{"class":1402},[60,31004,15834],{"class":126},[60,31006,23297],{"class":1402},[60,31008,23300],{"class":82},[60,31010,10275],{"class":1402},[60,31012,3487],{"class":126},[60,31014,23297],{"class":1402},[60,31016,79],{"class":82},[60,31018,136],{"class":74},[20,31020,31021],{},[4753,31022,31023],{},"Possible output:",[51,31025,31027],{"className":53,"code":31026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,31028,31029,31038,31047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31030,31031,31033,31035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31032,30942],{"class":66},[60,31034,3901],{"class":74},[60,31036,31037],{"class":66}," read book\n",[60,31039,31040,31042,31044],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31041,30922],{"class":66},[60,31043,3901],{"class":74},[60,31045,31046],{"class":66}," do homework\n",[60,31048,31049,31051,31053],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31050,30902],{"class":66},[60,31052,3901],{"class":74},[60,31054,31055],{"class":66}," wash dishes\n",[20,31057,30054,31058,31060],{},[15,31059,13764],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[46,31062,3845],{"id":3844},[20,31064,15726,31065,3901],{},[15,31066,13764],{},[33,31068,31069,31083,31102,31113],{},[36,31070,31071,31076],{},[4753,31072,30643,31073,31075],{},[15,31074,13764],{}," on an empty dictionary",[33,31077,31078],{},[36,31079,31080,31081,123],{},"This raises ",[15,31082,20681],{},[36,31084,31085,31090],{},[4753,31086,9449,31087,31089],{},[15,31088,13764],{}," to remove a specific key",[33,31091,31092,31095],{},[36,31093,31094],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[36,31096,171,31097,31101],{},[551,31098,31099],{"href":13561},[15,31100,13757],{}," if you need that.",[36,31103,31104,31108],{},[4753,31105,5706,31106,28693],{},[15,31107,13764],{},[33,31109,31110],{},[36,31111,31112],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[36,31114,31115,31118],{},[4753,31116,31117],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[33,31119,31120],{},[36,31121,31122,22970,31124,31126],{},[15,31123,13764],{},[15,31125,22650],{}," tuple.",[20,31128,31129],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[51,31131,31133],{"className":53,"code":31132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,31134,31135,31145,31159,31163,31177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31136,31137,31139,31141,31143],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31138,143],{"class":142},[60,31140,130],{"class":74},[60,31142,12445],{"class":126},[60,31144,136],{"class":74},[60,31146,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31148,143],{"class":142},[60,31150,130],{"class":74},[60,31152,12157],{"class":142},[60,31154,130],{"class":74},[60,31156,12445],{"class":126},[60,31158,1042],{"class":74},[60,31160,31161],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31162,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,31164,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,31166,29531],{"class":66},[60,31168,71],{"class":70},[60,31170,12761],{"class":66},[60,31172,123],{"class":74},[60,31174,29540],{"class":126},[60,31176,9640],{"class":74},[60,31178,31179,31181,31183,31185],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,31180,143],{"class":142},[60,31182,130],{"class":74},[60,31184,2659],{"class":126},[60,31186,136],{"class":74},[20,31188,31189],{},"Or with unpacking:",[51,31191,31193],{"className":53,"code":31192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,31194,31195,31213,31223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31196,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31198,15834],{"class":66},[60,31200,88],{"class":74},[60,31202,22579],{"class":66},[60,31204,71],{"class":70},[60,31206,12761],{"class":66},[60,31208,123],{"class":74},[60,31210,29540],{"class":126},[60,31212,9640],{"class":74},[60,31214,31215,31217,31219,31221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31216,143],{"class":142},[60,31218,130],{"class":74},[60,31220,15834],{"class":126},[60,31222,136],{"class":74},[60,31224,31225,31227,31229,31231],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31226,143],{"class":142},[60,31228,130],{"class":74},[60,31230,3487],{"class":126},[60,31232,136],{"class":74},[46,31234,2804],{"id":2803},[415,31236,2846,31238,6145],{"id":31237},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,31239,13764],{},[20,31241,31242,31243,123],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,31244,31245],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[415,31247,2808,31249,31251],{"id":31248},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,31250,13764],{}," remove the last item?",[20,31253,31254],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[415,31256,31258,31259,31261],{"id":31257},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,31260,13764],{}," removes?",[20,31263,31264,31265,31269],{},"No. Use ",[551,31266,31267],{"href":13561},[15,31268,13757],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[415,31271,2808,31273,15889],{"id":31272},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,31274,13764],{},[20,31276,31277],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[415,31279,31281,31282,31284],{"id":31280},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,31283,13764],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,31286,31287,31288,31290,31291,123],{},"It raises ",[15,31289,20681],{}," with the message ",[15,31292,30690],{},[46,31294,2870],{"id":2869},[33,31296,31297,31304,31310,31316,31322,31329,31333,31337],{},[36,31298,31299],{},[551,31300,31301,31303],{"href":13561},[15,31302,13757],{}," method for dictionaries",[36,31305,31306],{},[551,31307,31308,31303],{"href":18069},[15,31309,18072],{},[36,31311,31312],{},[551,31313,31314,31303],{"href":18056},[15,31315,18059],{},[36,31317,31318],{},[551,31319,31320,31303],{"href":18062},[15,31321,18065],{},[36,31323,31324],{},[551,31325,31327,31303],{"href":31326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,31328,12317],{},[36,31330,31331],{},[551,31332,13781],{"href":13568},[36,31334,31335],{},[551,31336,22452],{"href":17590},[36,31338,31339],{},[551,31340,2898,31341],{"href":30854},[15,31342,30857],{},[2912,31344,31345],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":31347},[31348,31349,31351,31352,31353,31354,31355,31356,31361,31366,31368,31369,31381],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":29627,"depth":111,"text":31350},"What popitem() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":29697,"depth":111,"text":29698},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":30050,"depth":111,"text":30051},{"id":30242,"depth":111,"text":30243},{"id":30370,"depth":111,"text":31357,"children":31358},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[31359,31360],{"id":29540,"depth":139,"text":13764},{"id":27234,"depth":139,"text":13757},{"id":30639,"depth":111,"text":30640,"children":31362},[31363,31364],{"id":30696,"depth":139,"text":30697},{"id":30771,"depth":139,"text":31365},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30860,"depth":111,"text":31367},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":31370},[31371,31373,31375,31377,31379],{"id":31237,"depth":139,"text":31372},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":31248,"depth":139,"text":31374},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":31257,"depth":139,"text":31376},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":31272,"depth":139,"text":31378},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":31280,"depth":139,"text":31380},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":29366,"description":31382},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":31389,"title":31390,"body":31391,"description":33293,"extension":2980,"meta":33294,"navigation":304,"path":15025,"seo":33295,"stem":33296,"__hash__":33297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":31392,"toc":33265},[31393,31398,31403,31406,31408,31505,31510,31515,31520,31523,31531,31534,31549,31551,31650,31652,31709,31713,31715,31718,31738,31743,31754,31757,31784,31787,31789,31846,31848,31869,31875,31880,31883,31894,31896,32004,32006,32059,32061,32073,32080,32086,32091,32094,32182,32184,32229,32232,32240,32243,32246,32315,32318,32321,32325,32328,32399,32401,32454,32457,32460,32463,32478,32481,32493,32496,32559,32561,32567,32569,32571,32650,32652,32693,32695,32760,32762,32799,32804,32809,32813,32827,32830,32953,32955,33040,33045,33047,33051,33073,33076,33156,33159,33178,33183,33185,33191,33196,33202,33205,33211,33214,33220,33225,33231,33237,33239,33262],[10,31394,12314,31396,18],{"id":31395},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,31397,15947],{},[20,31399,2997,31400,31402],{},[15,31401,15947],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,31404,31405],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[46,31407,3022],{"id":3021},[51,31409,31411],{"className":53,"code":31410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31412,31413,31449,31490,31500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31414,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31416,14196],{"class":66},[60,31418,71],{"class":70},[60,31420,11488],{"class":74},[60,31422,79],{"class":78},[60,31424,8666],{"class":82},[60,31426,79],{"class":78},[60,31428,3901],{"class":74},[60,31430,91],{"class":78},[60,31432,463],{"class":82},[60,31434,79],{"class":78},[60,31436,88],{"class":74},[60,31438,91],{"class":78},[60,31440,10296],{"class":82},[60,31442,79],{"class":78},[60,31444,3901],{"class":74},[60,31446,1407],{"class":1402},[60,31448,10306],{"class":74},[60,31450,31451,31453,31455,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31471,31473,31475,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31452,18301],{"class":66},[60,31454,123],{"class":74},[60,31456,31457],{"class":126},"update",[60,31459,6531],{"class":74},[60,31461,79],{"class":78},[60,31463,10296],{"class":82},[60,31465,79],{"class":78},[60,31467,3901],{"class":74},[60,31469,31470],{"class":1402}," 21",[60,31472,88],{"class":74},[60,31474,91],{"class":78},[60,31476,11406],{"class":82},[60,31478,79],{"class":78},[60,31480,3901],{"class":74},[60,31482,91],{"class":78},[60,31484,17024],{"class":82},[60,31486,79],{"class":78},[60,31488,31489],{"class":74},"})\n",[60,31491,31492,31494,31496,31498],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31493,143],{"class":142},[60,31495,130],{"class":74},[60,31497,18301],{"class":126},[60,31499,136],{"class":74},[60,31501,31502],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,31503,31504],{"class":4674},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,31506,171,31507,31509],{},[15,31508,15947],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[46,31511,178,31513,181],{"id":31512},"what-update-does",[15,31514,15947],{},[20,31516,31517,31519],{},[15,31518,15947],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,31521,31522],{},"It can do two main things:",[33,31524,31525,31528],{},[36,31526,31527],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[36,31529,31530],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,31532,31533],{},"Important things to know:",[33,31535,31536,31539,31542,31546],{},[36,31537,31538],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[36,31540,31541],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[36,31543,6148,31544],{},[15,31545,1585],{},[36,31547,31548],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,31550,236],{},[51,31552,31554],{"className":53,"code":31553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,31555,31556,31597,31640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31557,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31559,13858],{"class":66},[60,31561,71],{"class":70},[60,31563,11488],{"class":74},[60,31565,79],{"class":78},[60,31567,8666],{"class":82},[60,31569,79],{"class":78},[60,31571,3901],{"class":74},[60,31573,91],{"class":78},[60,31575,31576],{"class":82},"Mira",[60,31578,79],{"class":78},[60,31580,88],{"class":74},[60,31582,91],{"class":78},[60,31584,20885],{"class":82},[60,31586,79],{"class":78},[60,31588,3901],{"class":74},[60,31590,91],{"class":78},[60,31592,1269],{"class":82},[60,31594,79],{"class":78},[60,31596,10306],{"class":74},[60,31598,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31636,31638],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31600,14618],{"class":66},[60,31602,123],{"class":74},[60,31604,31457],{"class":126},[60,31606,6531],{"class":74},[60,31608,79],{"class":78},[60,31610,20885],{"class":82},[60,31612,79],{"class":78},[60,31614,3901],{"class":74},[60,31616,91],{"class":78},[60,31618,1260],{"class":82},[60,31620,79],{"class":78},[60,31622,88],{"class":74},[60,31624,91],{"class":78},[60,31626,11406],{"class":82},[60,31628,79],{"class":78},[60,31630,3901],{"class":74},[60,31632,91],{"class":78},[60,31634,31635],{"class":82},"Quito",[60,31637,79],{"class":78},[60,31639,31489],{"class":74},[60,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31643,143],{"class":142},[60,31645,130],{"class":74},[60,31647,14618],{"class":126},[60,31649,136],{"class":74},[20,31651,153],{},[51,31653,31655],{"className":53,"code":31654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,31656,31657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31658,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31660,10275],{"class":74},[60,31662,356],{"class":78},[60,31664,8666],{"class":82},[60,31666,356],{"class":78},[60,31668,3901],{"class":74},[60,31670,365],{"class":78},[60,31672,31576],{"class":82},[60,31674,356],{"class":78},[60,31676,88],{"class":74},[60,31678,365],{"class":78},[60,31680,20885],{"class":82},[60,31682,356],{"class":78},[60,31684,3901],{"class":74},[60,31686,365],{"class":78},[60,31688,1260],{"class":82},[60,31690,356],{"class":78},[60,31692,88],{"class":74},[60,31694,365],{"class":78},[60,31696,11406],{"class":82},[60,31698,356],{"class":78},[60,31700,3901],{"class":74},[60,31702,365],{"class":78},[60,31704,31635],{"class":82},[60,31706,356],{"class":78},[60,31708,10306],{"class":74},[20,31710,10149,31711,123],{},[551,31712,25621],{"href":10388},[46,31714,389],{"id":388},[20,31716,31717],{},"The basic form is:",[51,31719,31721],{"className":53,"code":31720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,31722,31723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31724,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31726,16598],{"class":66},[60,31728,123],{"class":74},[60,31730,31457],{"class":126},[60,31732,130],{"class":74},[60,31734,31735],{"class":126},"other",[60,31737,136],{"class":74},[20,31739,31740,31742],{},[15,31741,31735],{}," can be:",[33,31744,31745,31748,31751],{},[36,31746,31747],{},"Another dictionary",[36,31749,31750],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[36,31752,31753],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,31755,31756],{},"You can also use:",[51,31758,31760],{"className":53,"code":31759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,31761,31762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31763,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31765,16598],{"class":66},[60,31767,123],{"class":74},[60,31769,31457],{"class":126},[60,31771,130],{"class":74},[60,31773,8666],{"class":10173},[60,31775,71],{"class":70},[60,31777,79],{"class":78},[60,31779,1781],{"class":82},[60,31781,79],{"class":78},[60,31783,136],{"class":74},[20,31785,31786],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31788,236],{},[51,31790,31792],{"className":53,"code":31791,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31793,31794,31814,31836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31795,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804,31806,31808,31810,31812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31797,10163],{"class":66},[60,31799,71],{"class":70},[60,31801,11488],{"class":74},[60,31803,79],{"class":78},[60,31805,551],{"class":82},[60,31807,79],{"class":78},[60,31809,3901],{"class":74},[60,31811,6499],{"class":1402},[60,31813,10306],{"class":74},[60,31815,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31817,10202],{"class":66},[60,31819,123],{"class":74},[60,31821,31457],{"class":126},[60,31823,6531],{"class":74},[60,31825,79],{"class":78},[60,31827,551],{"class":82},[60,31829,79],{"class":78},[60,31831,3901],{"class":74},[60,31833,7005],{"class":1402},[60,31835,31489],{"class":74},[60,31837,31838,31840,31842,31844],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31839,143],{"class":142},[60,31841,130],{"class":74},[60,31843,10202],{"class":126},[60,31845,136],{"class":74},[20,31847,153],{},[51,31849,31851],{"className":53,"code":31850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31852,31853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861,31863,31865,31867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31856,10275],{"class":74},[60,31858,356],{"class":78},[60,31860,551],{"class":82},[60,31862,356],{"class":78},[60,31864,3901],{"class":74},[60,31866,7005],{"class":1402},[60,31868,10306],{"class":74},[46,31870,9413,31872,31874],{"id":31871},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31873,15947],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31876,31877,31878,123],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31879,15947],{},[20,31881,31882],{},"It is useful when:",[33,31884,31885,31888,31891],{},[36,31886,31887],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[36,31889,31890],{},"Adding extra settings",[36,31892,31893],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31895,236],{},[51,31897,31899],{"className":53,"code":31898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31900,31901,31938,31975,31979,31994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,31902,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,31904,14818],{"class":66},[60,31906,71],{"class":70},[60,31908,11488],{"class":74},[60,31910,79],{"class":78},[60,31912,13489],{"class":82},[60,31914,79],{"class":78},[60,31916,3901],{"class":74},[60,31918,91],{"class":78},[60,31920,21922],{"class":82},[60,31922,79],{"class":78},[60,31924,88],{"class":74},[60,31926,91],{"class":78},[60,31928,14843],{"class":82},[60,31930,79],{"class":78},[60,31932,3901],{"class":74},[60,31934,31935],{"class":1402}," 12",[60,31937,10306],{"class":74},[60,31939,31940,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,31941,31942],{"class":66},"new_settings ",[60,31944,71],{"class":70},[60,31946,11488],{"class":74},[60,31948,79],{"class":78},[60,31950,14843],{"class":82},[60,31952,79],{"class":78},[60,31954,3901],{"class":74},[60,31956,14850],{"class":1402},[60,31958,88],{"class":74},[60,31960,91],{"class":78},[60,31962,21117],{"class":82},[60,31964,79],{"class":78},[60,31966,3901],{"class":74},[60,31968,91],{"class":78},[60,31970,21151],{"class":82},[60,31972,79],{"class":78},[60,31974,10306],{"class":74},[60,31976,31977],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,31978,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,31980,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31992],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,31982,14877],{"class":66},[60,31984,123],{"class":74},[60,31986,31457],{"class":126},[60,31988,130],{"class":74},[60,31990,31991],{"class":126},"new_settings",[60,31993,136],{"class":74},[60,31995,31996,31998,32000,32002],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,31997,143],{"class":142},[60,31999,130],{"class":74},[60,32001,14877],{"class":126},[60,32003,136],{"class":74},[20,32005,153],{},[51,32007,32009],{"className":53,"code":32008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,32010,32011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32012,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32014,10275],{"class":74},[60,32016,356],{"class":78},[60,32018,13489],{"class":82},[60,32020,356],{"class":78},[60,32022,3901],{"class":74},[60,32024,365],{"class":78},[60,32026,21922],{"class":82},[60,32028,356],{"class":78},[60,32030,88],{"class":74},[60,32032,365],{"class":78},[60,32034,14843],{"class":82},[60,32036,356],{"class":78},[60,32038,3901],{"class":74},[60,32040,14850],{"class":1402},[60,32042,88],{"class":74},[60,32044,365],{"class":78},[60,32046,21117],{"class":82},[60,32048,356],{"class":78},[60,32050,3901],{"class":74},[60,32052,365],{"class":78},[60,32054,21151],{"class":82},[60,32056,356],{"class":78},[60,32058,10306],{"class":74},[20,32060,14401],{},[33,32062,32063,32068],{},[36,32064,32065,32067],{},[15,32066,14843],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[36,32069,32070,32072],{},[15,32071,21117],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,32074,32075,32076,123],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[551,32077,32079],{"href":32078},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[46,32081,9413,32083,32085],{"id":32082},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,32084,15947],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,32087,32088,32090],{},[15,32089,15947],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,32092,32093],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[51,32095,32097],{"className":53,"code":32096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,32098,32099,32119,32154,32158,32172],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32100,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32102,6064],{"class":66},[60,32104,71],{"class":70},[60,32106,11488],{"class":74},[60,32108,79],{"class":78},[60,32110,19410],{"class":82},[60,32112,79],{"class":78},[60,32114,3901],{"class":74},[60,32116,20892],{"class":1402},[60,32118,10306],{"class":74},[60,32120,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32146,32148,32150,32152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32122,10213],{"class":66},[60,32124,71],{"class":70},[60,32126,10218],{"class":74},[60,32128,79],{"class":78},[60,32130,19419],{"class":82},[60,32132,79],{"class":78},[60,32134,88],{"class":74},[60,32136,14499],{"class":1402},[60,32138,10231],{"class":74},[60,32140,1776],{"class":74},[60,32142,79],{"class":78},[60,32144,32145],{"class":82},"english",[60,32147,79],{"class":78},[60,32149,88],{"class":74},[60,32151,29913],{"class":1402},[60,32153,10246],{"class":74},[60,32155,32156],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32157,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32159,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,32161,17382],{"class":66},[60,32163,123],{"class":74},[60,32165,31457],{"class":126},[60,32167,130],{"class":74},[60,32169,10259],{"class":126},[60,32171,136],{"class":74},[60,32173,32174,32176,32178,32180],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,32175,143],{"class":142},[60,32177,130],{"class":74},[60,32179,17382],{"class":126},[60,32181,136],{"class":74},[20,32183,153],{},[51,32185,32187],{"className":53,"code":32186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,32188,32189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32190,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32192,10275],{"class":74},[60,32194,356],{"class":78},[60,32196,19410],{"class":82},[60,32198,356],{"class":78},[60,32200,3901],{"class":74},[60,32202,20892],{"class":1402},[60,32204,88],{"class":74},[60,32206,365],{"class":78},[60,32208,19419],{"class":82},[60,32210,356],{"class":78},[60,32212,3901],{"class":74},[60,32214,14499],{"class":1402},[60,32216,88],{"class":74},[60,32218,365],{"class":78},[60,32220,32145],{"class":82},[60,32222,356],{"class":78},[60,32224,3901],{"class":74},[60,32226,29913],{"class":1402},[60,32228,10306],{"class":74},[20,32230,32231],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[33,32233,32234,32237],{},[36,32235,32236],{},"The key",[36,32238,32239],{},"The value",[20,32241,32242],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,32244,32245],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[51,32247,32249],{"className":53,"code":32248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,32250,32251,32271,32296,32300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32252,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32254,10163],{"class":66},[60,32256,71],{"class":70},[60,32258,11488],{"class":74},[60,32260,79],{"class":78},[60,32262,551],{"class":82},[60,32264,79],{"class":78},[60,32266,3901],{"class":74},[60,32268,6499],{"class":1402},[60,32270,10306],{"class":74},[60,32272,32273,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32274,32275],{"class":66},"bad_pairs ",[60,32277,71],{"class":70},[60,32279,10218],{"class":74},[60,32281,79],{"class":78},[60,32283,2258],{"class":82},[60,32285,79],{"class":78},[60,32287,88],{"class":74},[60,32289,1437],{"class":1402},[60,32291,88],{"class":74},[60,32293,1442],{"class":1402},[60,32295,10246],{"class":74},[60,32297,32298],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32299,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32301,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32313],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,32303,10202],{"class":66},[60,32305,123],{"class":74},[60,32307,31457],{"class":126},[60,32309,130],{"class":74},[60,32311,32312],{"class":126},"bad_pairs",[60,32314,136],{"class":74},[20,32316,32317],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,32319,32320],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[46,32322,32324],{"id":32323},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,32326,32327],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[51,32329,32331],{"className":53,"code":32330,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,32332,32333,32357,32389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32334,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32336,12483],{"class":66},[60,32338,71],{"class":70},[60,32340,11488],{"class":74},[60,32342,79],{"class":78},[60,32344,8666],{"class":82},[60,32346,79],{"class":78},[60,32348,3901],{"class":74},[60,32350,91],{"class":78},[60,32352,29906],{"class":82},[60,32354,79],{"class":78},[60,32356,10306],{"class":74},[60,32358,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32378,32380,32382,32385,32387],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32360,12577],{"class":66},[60,32362,123],{"class":74},[60,32364,31457],{"class":126},[60,32366,130],{"class":74},[60,32368,10296],{"class":10173},[60,32370,71],{"class":70},[60,32372,10191],{"class":1402},[60,32374,88],{"class":74},[60,32376,32377],{"class":10173}," city",[60,32379,71],{"class":70},[60,32381,79],{"class":78},[60,32383,32384],{"class":82},"Madrid",[60,32386,79],{"class":78},[60,32388,136],{"class":74},[60,32390,32391,32393,32395,32397],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32392,143],{"class":142},[60,32394,130],{"class":74},[60,32396,12577],{"class":126},[60,32398,136],{"class":74},[20,32400,153],{},[51,32402,32404],{"className":53,"code":32403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,32405,32406],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32407,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32409,10275],{"class":74},[60,32411,356],{"class":78},[60,32413,8666],{"class":82},[60,32415,356],{"class":78},[60,32417,3901],{"class":74},[60,32419,365],{"class":78},[60,32421,29906],{"class":82},[60,32423,356],{"class":78},[60,32425,88],{"class":74},[60,32427,365],{"class":78},[60,32429,10296],{"class":82},[60,32431,356],{"class":78},[60,32433,3901],{"class":74},[60,32435,10303],{"class":1402},[60,32437,88],{"class":74},[60,32439,365],{"class":78},[60,32441,11406],{"class":82},[60,32443,356],{"class":78},[60,32445,3901],{"class":74},[60,32447,365],{"class":78},[60,32449,32384],{"class":82},[60,32451,356],{"class":78},[60,32453,10306],{"class":74},[20,32455,32456],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,32458,32459],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,32461,32462],{},"These work:",[33,32464,32465,32469,32473],{},[36,32466,32467],{},[15,32468,10296],{},[36,32470,32471],{},[15,32472,11406],{},[36,32474,32475],{},[15,32476,32477],{},"first_name",[20,32479,32480],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[33,32482,32483,32488],{},[36,32484,32485],{},[15,32486,32487],{},"\"first name\"",[36,32489,32490],{},[15,32491,32492],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,32494,32495],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[51,32497,32499],{"className":53,"code":32498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,32500,32501,32509,32549],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32502,32503,32505,32507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32504,12483],{"class":66},[60,32506,71],{"class":70},[60,32508,10835],{"class":74},[60,32510,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32525,32527,32529,32531,32533,32535,32537,32540,32542,32544,32547],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32512,12577],{"class":66},[60,32514,123],{"class":74},[60,32516,31457],{"class":126},[60,32518,6531],{"class":74},[60,32520,79],{"class":78},[60,32522,11510],{"class":82},[60,32524,79],{"class":78},[60,32526,3901],{"class":74},[60,32528,91],{"class":78},[60,32530,29906],{"class":82},[60,32532,79],{"class":78},[60,32534,88],{"class":74},[60,32536,91],{"class":78},[60,32538,32539],{"class":82},"user-id",[60,32541,79],{"class":78},[60,32543,3901],{"class":74},[60,32545,32546],{"class":1402}," 1001",[60,32548,31489],{"class":74},[60,32550,32551,32553,32555,32557],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32552,143],{"class":142},[60,32554,130],{"class":74},[60,32556,12577],{"class":126},[60,32558,136],{"class":74},[46,32560,18413],{"id":18412},[20,32562,32563,3412,32565,123],{},[15,32564,15947],{},[15,32566,1585],{},[20,32568,15041],{},[20,32570,25701],{},[51,32572,32574],{"className":53,"code":32573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,32575,32576,32600,32626,32630,32640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32577,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32579,14196],{"class":66},[60,32581,71],{"class":70},[60,32583,11488],{"class":74},[60,32585,79],{"class":78},[60,32587,8666],{"class":82},[60,32589,79],{"class":78},[60,32591,3901],{"class":74},[60,32593,91],{"class":78},[60,32595,463],{"class":82},[60,32597,79],{"class":78},[60,32599,10306],{"class":74},[60,32601,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32603,114],{"class":66},[60,32605,71],{"class":70},[60,32607,14239],{"class":66},[60,32609,123],{"class":74},[60,32611,31457],{"class":126},[60,32613,6531],{"class":74},[60,32615,79],{"class":78},[60,32617,10296],{"class":82},[60,32619,79],{"class":78},[60,32621,3901],{"class":74},[60,32623,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32625,31489],{"class":74},[60,32627,32628],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32629,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32631,32632,32634,32636,32638],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,32633,143],{"class":142},[60,32635,130],{"class":74},[60,32637,148],{"class":126},[60,32639,136],{"class":74},[60,32641,32642,32644,32646,32648],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,32643,143],{"class":142},[60,32645,130],{"class":74},[60,32647,18301],{"class":126},[60,32649,136],{"class":74},[20,32651,153],{},[51,32653,32655],{"className":53,"code":32654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32656,32657,32661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32658,32659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32660,12803],{"class":1611},[60,32662,32663,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32664,10275],{"class":74},[60,32666,356],{"class":78},[60,32668,8666],{"class":82},[60,32670,356],{"class":78},[60,32672,3901],{"class":74},[60,32674,365],{"class":78},[60,32676,463],{"class":82},[60,32678,356],{"class":78},[60,32680,88],{"class":74},[60,32682,365],{"class":78},[60,32684,10296],{"class":82},[60,32686,356],{"class":78},[60,32688,3901],{"class":74},[60,32690,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32692,10306],{"class":74},[20,32694,17649],{},[51,32696,32698],{"className":53,"code":32697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,32699,32700,32724,32746,32750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32701,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32703,14196],{"class":66},[60,32705,71],{"class":70},[60,32707,11488],{"class":74},[60,32709,79],{"class":78},[60,32711,8666],{"class":82},[60,32713,79],{"class":78},[60,32715,3901],{"class":74},[60,32717,91],{"class":78},[60,32719,463],{"class":82},[60,32721,79],{"class":78},[60,32723,10306],{"class":74},[60,32725,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32727,18301],{"class":66},[60,32729,123],{"class":74},[60,32731,31457],{"class":126},[60,32733,6531],{"class":74},[60,32735,79],{"class":78},[60,32737,10296],{"class":82},[60,32739,79],{"class":78},[60,32741,3901],{"class":74},[60,32743,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32745,31489],{"class":74},[60,32747,32748],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32749,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32751,32752,32754,32756,32758],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,32753,143],{"class":142},[60,32755,130],{"class":74},[60,32757,18301],{"class":126},[60,32759,136],{"class":74},[20,32761,153],{},[51,32763,32765],{"className":53,"code":32764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32766,32767],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32768,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32770,10275],{"class":74},[60,32772,356],{"class":78},[60,32774,8666],{"class":82},[60,32776,356],{"class":78},[60,32778,3901],{"class":74},[60,32780,365],{"class":78},[60,32782,463],{"class":82},[60,32784,356],{"class":78},[60,32786,88],{"class":74},[60,32788,365],{"class":78},[60,32790,10296],{"class":82},[60,32792,356],{"class":78},[60,32794,3901],{"class":74},[60,32796,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32798,10306],{"class":74},[20,32800,32801,32802,123],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[551,32803,18897],{"href":11728},[46,32805,5963,32807],{"id":32806},"when-to-use-update",[15,32808,15947],{},[20,32810,171,32811,11598],{},[15,32812,15947],{},[33,32814,32815,32818,32821,32824],{},[36,32816,32817],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[36,32819,32820],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[36,32822,32823],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[36,32825,32826],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32828,32829],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[51,32831,32833],{"className":53,"code":32832,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32834,32835,32871,32886,32890,32929,32933,32943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32836,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32838,13081],{"class":66},[60,32840,71],{"class":70},[60,32842,11488],{"class":74},[60,32844,79],{"class":78},[60,32846,8666],{"class":82},[60,32848,79],{"class":78},[60,32850,3901],{"class":74},[60,32852,91],{"class":78},[60,32854,463],{"class":82},[60,32856,79],{"class":78},[60,32858,88],{"class":74},[60,32860,91],{"class":78},[60,32862,10296],{"class":82},[60,32864,79],{"class":78},[60,32866,3901],{"class":74},[60,32868,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32870,10306],{"class":74},[60,32872,32873,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32874,32875],{"class":66},"updated ",[60,32877,71],{"class":70},[60,32879,13156],{"class":66},[60,32881,123],{"class":74},[60,32883,13905],{"class":126},[60,32885,9640],{"class":74},[60,32887,32888],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,32889,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32891,32892,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,32893,32894],{"class":66},"updated",[60,32896,123],{"class":74},[60,32898,31457],{"class":126},[60,32900,6531],{"class":74},[60,32902,79],{"class":78},[60,32904,10296],{"class":82},[60,32906,79],{"class":78},[60,32908,3901],{"class":74},[60,32910,31470],{"class":1402},[60,32912,88],{"class":74},[60,32914,91],{"class":78},[60,32916,11406],{"class":82},[60,32918,79],{"class":78},[60,32920,3901],{"class":74},[60,32922,91],{"class":78},[60,32924,17024],{"class":82},[60,32926,79],{"class":78},[60,32928,31489],{"class":74},[60,32930,32931],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,32932,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,32934,32935,32937,32939,32941],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,32936,143],{"class":142},[60,32938,130],{"class":74},[60,32940,13128],{"class":126},[60,32942,136],{"class":74},[60,32944,32945,32947,32949,32951],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,32946,143],{"class":142},[60,32948,130],{"class":74},[60,32950,32894],{"class":126},[60,32952,136],{"class":74},[20,32954,153],{},[51,32956,32958],{"className":53,"code":32957,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32959,32960,32992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,32961,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,32963,10275],{"class":74},[60,32965,356],{"class":78},[60,32967,8666],{"class":82},[60,32969,356],{"class":78},[60,32971,3901],{"class":74},[60,32973,365],{"class":78},[60,32975,463],{"class":82},[60,32977,356],{"class":78},[60,32979,88],{"class":74},[60,32981,365],{"class":78},[60,32983,10296],{"class":82},[60,32985,356],{"class":78},[60,32987,3901],{"class":74},[60,32989,1407],{"class":1402},[60,32991,10306],{"class":74},[60,32993,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,32995,10275],{"class":74},[60,32997,356],{"class":78},[60,32999,8666],{"class":82},[60,33001,356],{"class":78},[60,33003,3901],{"class":74},[60,33005,365],{"class":78},[60,33007,463],{"class":82},[60,33009,356],{"class":78},[60,33011,88],{"class":74},[60,33013,365],{"class":78},[60,33015,10296],{"class":82},[60,33017,356],{"class":78},[60,33019,3901],{"class":74},[60,33021,31470],{"class":1402},[60,33023,88],{"class":74},[60,33025,365],{"class":78},[60,33027,11406],{"class":82},[60,33029,356],{"class":78},[60,33031,3901],{"class":74},[60,33033,365],{"class":78},[60,33035,17024],{"class":82},[60,33037,356],{"class":78},[60,33039,10306],{"class":74},[20,33041,33042,33043,123],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[551,33044,17591],{"href":17590},[46,33046,3845],{"id":3844},[20,33048,11744,33049,3901],{},[15,33050,15947],{},[33,33052,33053,33060,33064,33067,33070],{},[36,33054,13589,33055,33057,33058],{},[15,33056,15947],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,33059,1585],{},[36,33061,9449,33062,13597],{},[15,33063,15947],{},[36,33065,33066],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[36,33068,33069],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[36,33071,33072],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,33074,33075],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[51,33077,33079],{"className":53,"code":33078,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,33080,33081,33091,33105,33119,33141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33082,33083,33085,33087,33089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33084,143],{"class":142},[60,33086,130],{"class":74},[60,33088,12445],{"class":126},[60,33090,136],{"class":74},[60,33092,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33094,143],{"class":142},[60,33096,130],{"class":74},[60,33098,2629],{"class":1527},[60,33100,130],{"class":74},[60,33102,10202],{"class":126},[60,33104,1042],{"class":74},[60,33106,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,33108,143],{"class":142},[60,33110,130],{"class":74},[60,33112,9089],{"class":1527},[60,33114,130],{"class":74},[60,33116,10202],{"class":126},[60,33118,1042],{"class":74},[60,33120,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,33122,143],{"class":142},[60,33124,130],{"class":74},[60,33126,12445],{"class":126},[60,33128,123],{"class":74},[60,33130,20744],{"class":126},[60,33132,130],{"class":74},[60,33134,356],{"class":78},[60,33136,15834],{"class":82},[60,33138,356],{"class":78},[60,33140,1042],{"class":74},[60,33142,33143,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,33144,33145],{"class":142},"help",[60,33147,130],{"class":74},[60,33149,9819],{"class":1527},[60,33151,123],{"class":74},[60,33153,31457],{"class":25743},[60,33155,136],{"class":74},[20,33157,33158],{},"These can help you check:",[33,33160,33161,33164,33169,33172,33175],{},[36,33162,33163],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[36,33165,33166,33167],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,33168,15947],{},[36,33170,33171],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[36,33173,33174],{},"Whether a key exists",[36,33176,33177],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,33179,33180,33181,123],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[551,33182,12258],{"href":12070},[46,33184,2804],{"id":2803},[415,33186,2808,33188,33190],{"id":33187},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,33189,15947],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,33192,33193,33194,123],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,33195,1585],{},[415,33197,2808,33199,33201],{"id":33198},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,33200,15947],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,33203,33204],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[415,33206,6170,33208,33210],{"id":33207},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,33209,15947],{}," add new keys?",[20,33212,33213],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[415,33215,2833,33217,33219],{"id":33216},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,33218,15947],{}," with a list?",[20,33221,33222,33223,123],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,33224,12090],{},[415,33226,6180,33228,33230],{"id":33227},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,33229,15947],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,33232,33233,33234,33236],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,33235,15947],{}," can change many keys at once.",[46,33238,2870],{"id":2869},[33,33240,33241,33245,33249,33254,33258],{},[36,33242,33243],{},[551,33244,27088],{"href":10388},[36,33246,33247],{},[551,33248,12247],{"href":11728},[36,33250,33251],{},[551,33252,33253],{"href":32078},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[36,33255,33256],{},[551,33257,22452],{"href":17590},[36,33259,33260],{},[551,33261,12258],{"href":12070},[2912,33263,33264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":33266},[33267,33268,33270,33271,33273,33275,33276,33277,33279,33280,33292],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":31512,"depth":111,"text":33269},"What update() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":31871,"depth":111,"text":33272},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":32082,"depth":111,"text":33274},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":32323,"depth":111,"text":32324},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":32806,"depth":111,"text":33278},"When to use update()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":33281},[33282,33284,33286,33288,33290],{"id":33187,"depth":139,"text":33283},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":33198,"depth":139,"text":33285},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":33207,"depth":139,"text":33287},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":33216,"depth":139,"text":33289},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":33227,"depth":139,"text":33291},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31390,"description":33293},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":33299,"title":33300,"body":33301,"description":35290,"extension":2980,"meta":35291,"navigation":304,"path":23888,"seo":35292,"stem":35293,"__hash__":35294},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":33302,"toc":35253},[33303,33308,33315,33318,33320,33419,33421,33476,33481,33486,33500,33505,33507,33522,33524,33538,33551,33556,33562,33569,33571,33678,33680,33729,33735,33810,33812,33833,33835,33838,33943,33945,34000,34002,34030,34034,34039,34118,34120,34140,34142,34153,34163,34167,34172,34276,34278,34303,34306,34317,34322,34331,34334,34351,34353,34440,34442,34505,34507,34530,34532,34537,34543,34548,34550,34589,34595,34598,34617,34628,34634,34637,34710,34712,34731,34736,34739,34762,34768,34771,34835,34838,34915,34922,34925,34984,34990,34992,35011,35015,35018,35069,35072,35092,35094,35155,35157,35162,35167,35172,35177,35182,35187,35193,35196,35205,35213,35215,35250],[10,33304,12314,33306,18],{"id":33305},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,33307,18065],{},[20,33309,33310,33311,33314],{},"The Python ",[15,33312,33313],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,33316,33317],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[46,33319,3022],{"id":3021},[51,33321,33323],{"className":53,"code":33322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,33324,33325,33377,33391,33395,33405],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33326,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33328,13858],{"class":66},[60,33330,71],{"class":70},[60,33332,11488],{"class":74},[60,33334,79],{"class":78},[60,33336,8666],{"class":82},[60,33338,79],{"class":78},[60,33340,3901],{"class":74},[60,33342,91],{"class":78},[60,33344,463],{"class":82},[60,33346,79],{"class":78},[60,33348,88],{"class":74},[60,33350,91],{"class":78},[60,33352,10296],{"class":82},[60,33354,79],{"class":78},[60,33356,3901],{"class":74},[60,33358,1407],{"class":1402},[60,33360,88],{"class":74},[60,33362,91],{"class":78},[60,33364,11406],{"class":82},[60,33366,79],{"class":78},[60,33368,3901],{"class":74},[60,33370,91],{"class":78},[60,33372,17024],{"class":82},[60,33374,79],{"class":78},[60,33376,10306],{"class":74},[60,33378,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33380,1336],{"class":66},[60,33382,71],{"class":70},[60,33384,13900],{"class":66},[60,33386,123],{"class":74},[60,33388,1388],{"class":126},[60,33390,9640],{"class":74},[60,33392,33393],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,33394,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33396,33397,33399,33401,33403],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,33398,143],{"class":142},[60,33400,130],{"class":74},[60,33402,1388],{"class":126},[60,33404,136],{"class":74},[60,33406,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,33408,143],{"class":142},[60,33410,130],{"class":74},[60,33412,9089],{"class":1527},[60,33414,130],{"class":74},[60,33416,1388],{"class":126},[60,33418,1042],{"class":74},[20,33420,153],{},[51,33422,33424],{"className":53,"code":33423,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,33425,33426,33452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33427,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444,33446,33448,33450],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33429,18031],{"class":126},[60,33431,2652],{"class":74},[60,33433,356],{"class":78},[60,33435,463],{"class":82},[60,33437,356],{"class":78},[60,33439,88],{"class":74},[60,33441,1407],{"class":1402},[60,33443,88],{"class":74},[60,33445,365],{"class":78},[60,33447,17024],{"class":82},[60,33449,356],{"class":78},[60,33451,2677],{"class":74},[60,33453,33454,33456,33458,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472,33474],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33455,353],{"class":74},[60,33457,356],{"class":78},[60,33459,463],{"class":82},[60,33461,356],{"class":78},[60,33463,88],{"class":74},[60,33465,1407],{"class":1402},[60,33467,88],{"class":74},[60,33469,365],{"class":78},[60,33471,17024],{"class":82},[60,33473,356],{"class":78},[60,33475,108],{"class":74},[20,33477,33478,33480],{},[15,33479,18065],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[46,33482,178,33484,181],{"id":33483},"what-values-does",[15,33485,18065],{},[33,33487,33488,33491,33494,33497],{},[36,33489,33490],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[36,33492,33493],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[36,33495,33496],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[36,33498,33499],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,33501,33502,33503,123],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[551,33504,10389],{"href":10388},[46,33506,389],{"id":388},[51,33508,33510],{"className":53,"code":33509,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,33511,33512],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33515,12445],{"class":66},[60,33517,123],{"class":74},[60,33519,1388],{"class":126},[60,33521,9640],{"class":74},[20,33523,14046],{},[33,33525,33526,33530,33533],{},[36,33527,33528,12460],{},[15,33529,18065],{},[36,33531,33532],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[36,33534,33535,33536],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,33537,18065],{},[20,33539,33540,33541,2360,33546,123],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[551,33542,33543,33545],{"href":18056},[15,33544,18059],{}," for dictionary keys",[551,33547,33548,33550],{"href":18069},[15,33549,18072],{}," for key-value pairs",[46,33552,178,33554,12701],{"id":33553},"what-values-returns",[15,33555,18065],{},[20,33557,33558,22970,33560,25757],{},[15,33559,18065],{},[15,33561,18031],{},[20,33563,33564,33565,33568],{},"This object is a ",[4753,33566,33567],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,33570,236],{},[51,33572,33574],{"className":53,"code":33573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,33575,33576,33612,33616,33631,33642,33646,33668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33579,14196],{"class":66},[60,33581,71],{"class":70},[60,33583,11488],{"class":74},[60,33585,79],{"class":78},[60,33587,8666],{"class":82},[60,33589,79],{"class":78},[60,33591,3901],{"class":74},[60,33593,91],{"class":78},[60,33595,1799],{"class":82},[60,33597,79],{"class":78},[60,33599,88],{"class":74},[60,33601,91],{"class":78},[60,33603,10296],{"class":82},[60,33605,79],{"class":78},[60,33607,3901],{"class":74},[60,33609,10303],{"class":1402},[60,33611,10306],{"class":74},[60,33613,33614],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33615,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33617,33618,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,33619,33620],{"class":66},"values_view ",[60,33622,71],{"class":70},[60,33624,14239],{"class":66},[60,33626,123],{"class":74},[60,33628,1388],{"class":126},[60,33630,9640],{"class":74},[60,33632,33633,33635,33637,33640],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,33634,143],{"class":142},[60,33636,130],{"class":74},[60,33638,33639],{"class":126},"values_view",[60,33641,136],{"class":74},[60,33643,33644],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,33645,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33647,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,33649,18301],{"class":66},[60,33651,353],{"class":74},[60,33653,79],{"class":78},[60,33655,11406],{"class":82},[60,33657,79],{"class":78},[60,33659,14265],{"class":74},[60,33661,14268],{"class":70},[60,33663,91],{"class":78},[60,33665,31635],{"class":82},[60,33667,2389],{"class":78},[60,33669,33670,33672,33674,33676],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,33671,143],{"class":142},[60,33673,130],{"class":74},[60,33675,33639],{"class":126},[60,33677,136],{"class":74},[20,33679,153],{},[51,33681,33683],{"className":53,"code":33682,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,33684,33685,33703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33686,33687,33689,33691,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33688,18031],{"class":126},[60,33690,2652],{"class":74},[60,33692,356],{"class":78},[60,33694,1799],{"class":82},[60,33696,356],{"class":78},[60,33698,88],{"class":74},[60,33700,10303],{"class":1402},[60,33702,2677],{"class":74},[60,33704,33705,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717,33719,33721,33723,33725,33727],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33706,18031],{"class":126},[60,33708,2652],{"class":74},[60,33710,356],{"class":78},[60,33712,1799],{"class":82},[60,33714,356],{"class":78},[60,33716,88],{"class":74},[60,33718,10303],{"class":1402},[60,33720,88],{"class":74},[60,33722,365],{"class":78},[60,33724,31635],{"class":82},[60,33726,356],{"class":78},[60,33728,2677],{"class":74},[20,33730,33731,33732,123],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,33733,33734],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[51,33736,33738],{"className":53,"code":33737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,33739,33740,33776,33795,33799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33741,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768,33770,33772,33774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33743,14196],{"class":66},[60,33745,71],{"class":70},[60,33747,11488],{"class":74},[60,33749,79],{"class":78},[60,33751,8666],{"class":82},[60,33753,79],{"class":78},[60,33755,3901],{"class":74},[60,33757,91],{"class":78},[60,33759,1799],{"class":82},[60,33761,79],{"class":78},[60,33763,88],{"class":74},[60,33765,91],{"class":78},[60,33767,10296],{"class":82},[60,33769,79],{"class":78},[60,33771,3901],{"class":74},[60,33773,10303],{"class":1402},[60,33775,10306],{"class":74},[60,33777,33778,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33779,33780],{"class":66},"values_list ",[60,33782,71],{"class":70},[60,33784,23553],{"class":1527},[60,33786,130],{"class":74},[60,33788,18301],{"class":126},[60,33790,123],{"class":74},[60,33792,1388],{"class":126},[60,33794,8193],{"class":74},[60,33796,33797],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,33798,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33800,33801,33803,33805,33808],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,33802,143],{"class":142},[60,33804,130],{"class":74},[60,33806,33807],{"class":126},"values_list",[60,33809,136],{"class":74},[20,33811,153],{},[51,33813,33815],{"className":53,"code":33814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33816,33817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33818,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33820,353],{"class":74},[60,33822,356],{"class":78},[60,33824,1799],{"class":82},[60,33826,356],{"class":78},[60,33828,88],{"class":74},[60,33830,10303],{"class":1402},[60,33832,108],{"class":74},[46,33834,12470],{"id":12469},[20,33836,33837],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[51,33839,33841],{"className":53,"code":33840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33842,33843,33897,33901,33915,33919,33929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33844,33845,33847,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871,33873,33875,33878,33880,33882,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33846,25789],{"class":66},[60,33848,71],{"class":70},[60,33850,11488],{"class":74},[60,33852,79],{"class":78},[60,33854,25798],{"class":82},[60,33856,79],{"class":78},[60,33858,3901],{"class":74},[60,33860,91],{"class":78},[60,33862,25807],{"class":82},[60,33864,79],{"class":78},[60,33866,88],{"class":74},[60,33868,91],{"class":78},[60,33870,25816],{"class":82},[60,33872,79],{"class":78},[60,33874,3901],{"class":74},[60,33876,33877],{"class":1402}," 2022",[60,33879,88],{"class":74},[60,33881,91],{"class":78},[60,33883,33884],{"class":82},"color",[60,33886,79],{"class":78},[60,33888,3901],{"class":74},[60,33890,91],{"class":78},[60,33892,272],{"class":82},[60,33894,79],{"class":78},[60,33896,10306],{"class":74},[60,33898,33899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33900,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33902,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,33904,114],{"class":66},[60,33906,71],{"class":70},[60,33908,25838],{"class":66},[60,33910,123],{"class":74},[60,33912,1388],{"class":126},[60,33914,9640],{"class":74},[60,33916,33917],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,33918,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,33920,33921,33923,33925,33927],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,33922,143],{"class":142},[60,33924,130],{"class":74},[60,33926,148],{"class":126},[60,33928,136],{"class":74},[60,33930,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,33932,143],{"class":142},[60,33934,130],{"class":74},[60,33936,9089],{"class":1527},[60,33938,130],{"class":74},[60,33940,148],{"class":126},[60,33942,1042],{"class":74},[20,33944,153],{},[51,33946,33948],{"className":53,"code":33947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33949,33950,33976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,33951,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,33953,18031],{"class":126},[60,33955,2652],{"class":74},[60,33957,356],{"class":78},[60,33959,25807],{"class":82},[60,33961,356],{"class":78},[60,33963,88],{"class":74},[60,33965,33877],{"class":1402},[60,33967,88],{"class":74},[60,33969,365],{"class":78},[60,33971,272],{"class":82},[60,33973,356],{"class":78},[60,33975,2677],{"class":74},[60,33977,33978,33980,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,33979,353],{"class":74},[60,33981,356],{"class":78},[60,33983,25807],{"class":82},[60,33985,356],{"class":78},[60,33987,88],{"class":74},[60,33989,33877],{"class":1402},[60,33991,88],{"class":74},[60,33993,365],{"class":78},[60,33995,272],{"class":82},[60,33997,356],{"class":78},[60,33999,108],{"class":74},[20,34001,12679],{},[33,34003,34004,34010,34016,34024],{},[36,34005,34006,34009],{},[15,34007,34008],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[36,34011,34012,34015],{},[15,34013,34014],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[36,34017,34018,34021,34022,25610],{},[15,34019,34020],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,34023,18031],{},[36,34025,34026,34029],{},[15,34027,34028],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[46,34031,34033],{"id":34032},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,34035,34036,34037,27057],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,34038,6960],{},[51,34040,34042],{"className":53,"code":34041,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,34043,34044,34088,34092,34108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34045,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34047,6064],{"class":66},[60,34049,71],{"class":70},[60,34051,11488],{"class":74},[60,34053,79],{"class":78},[60,34055,19410],{"class":82},[60,34057,79],{"class":78},[60,34059,3901],{"class":74},[60,34061,20892],{"class":1402},[60,34063,88],{"class":74},[60,34065,91],{"class":78},[60,34067,32145],{"class":82},[60,34069,79],{"class":78},[60,34071,3901],{"class":74},[60,34073,14499],{"class":1402},[60,34075,88],{"class":74},[60,34077,91],{"class":78},[60,34079,19419],{"class":82},[60,34081,79],{"class":78},[60,34083,3901],{"class":74},[60,34085,29913],{"class":1402},[60,34087,10306],{"class":74},[60,34089,34090],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34091,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34093,34094,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34095,6960],{"class":2665},[60,34097,22579],{"class":66},[60,34099,2672],{"class":2665},[60,34101,6111],{"class":66},[60,34103,123],{"class":74},[60,34105,1388],{"class":126},[60,34107,22590],{"class":74},[60,34109,34110,34112,34114,34116],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34111,9064],{"class":142},[60,34113,130],{"class":74},[60,34115,3487],{"class":126},[60,34117,136],{"class":74},[20,34119,153],{},[51,34121,34123],{"className":53,"code":34122,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,34124,34125,34130,34135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34126,34127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34128,34129],{"class":1402},"90\n",[60,34131,34132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34133,34134],{"class":1402},"85\n",[60,34136,34137],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34138,34139],{"class":1402},"88\n",[20,34141,18703],{},[33,34143,34144,34147,34150],{},[36,34145,34146],{},"You only need the values",[36,34148,34149],{},"You do not care about the keys",[36,34151,34152],{},"You want simpler code",[20,34154,34155,34156,3894,34160,123],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[551,34157,11734,34158,2887],{"href":18069},[15,34159,18072],{},[551,34161,23468],{"href":34162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[46,34164,34166],{"id":34165},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,34168,171,34169,34171],{},[15,34170,33734],{}," when you need a list.",[51,34173,34175],{"className":53,"code":34174,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,34176,34177,34223,34227,34247,34251,34262],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34178,34179,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34215,34217,34219,34221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34180,34181],{"class":66},"fruit_prices ",[60,34183,71],{"class":70},[60,34185,11488],{"class":74},[60,34187,79],{"class":78},[60,34189,1604],{"class":82},[60,34191,79],{"class":78},[60,34193,3901],{"class":74},[60,34195,1437],{"class":1402},[60,34197,88],{"class":74},[60,34199,91],{"class":78},[60,34201,1619],{"class":82},[60,34203,79],{"class":78},[60,34205,3901],{"class":74},[60,34207,6499],{"class":1402},[60,34209,88],{"class":74},[60,34211,91],{"class":78},[60,34213,34214],{"class":82},"orange",[60,34216,79],{"class":78},[60,34218,3901],{"class":74},[60,34220,1442],{"class":1402},[60,34222,10306],{"class":74},[60,34224,34225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34226,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34228,34229,34232,34234,34236,34238,34241,34243,34245],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34230,34231],{"class":66},"price_list ",[60,34233,71],{"class":70},[60,34235,23553],{"class":1527},[60,34237,130],{"class":74},[60,34239,34240],{"class":126},"fruit_prices",[60,34242,123],{"class":74},[60,34244,1388],{"class":126},[60,34246,8193],{"class":74},[60,34248,34249],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34250,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34252,34253,34255,34257,34260],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,34254,143],{"class":142},[60,34256,130],{"class":74},[60,34258,34259],{"class":126},"price_list",[60,34261,136],{"class":74},[60,34263,34264,34266,34268,34270,34272,34274],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,34265,143],{"class":142},[60,34267,130],{"class":74},[60,34269,34259],{"class":126},[60,34271,353],{"class":74},[60,34273,3137],{"class":1402},[60,34275,2677],{"class":74},[20,34277,153],{},[51,34279,34281],{"className":53,"code":34280,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,34282,34283,34299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34284,34285,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295,34297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34286,353],{"class":74},[60,34288,1925],{"class":1402},[60,34290,88],{"class":74},[60,34292,6499],{"class":1402},[60,34294,88],{"class":74},[60,34296,1442],{"class":1402},[60,34298,108],{"class":74},[60,34300,34301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34302,18050],{"class":1402},[20,34304,34305],{},"This is helpful for:",[33,34307,34308,34311,34314],{},[36,34309,34310],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[36,34312,34313],{},"Accessing values by index",[36,34315,34316],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,34318,4928,34319,34321],{},[15,34320,18031],{}," is not the same as a list.",[46,34323,34325,11583,34327,11583,34329],{"id":34324},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,34326,18065],{},[15,34328,18059],{},[15,34330,18072],{},[20,34332,34333],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[33,34335,34336,34341,34346],{},[36,34337,34338,34340],{},[15,34339,18065],{}," returns only the values",[36,34342,34343,34345],{},[15,34344,18059],{}," returns only the keys",[36,34347,34348,34350],{},[15,34349,18072],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,34352,3143],{},[51,34354,34356],{"className":53,"code":34355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,34357,34358,34394,34398,34412,34426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34359,34360,34362,34364,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390,34392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34361,13858],{"class":66},[60,34363,71],{"class":70},[60,34365,11488],{"class":74},[60,34367,79],{"class":78},[60,34369,8666],{"class":82},[60,34371,79],{"class":78},[60,34373,3901],{"class":74},[60,34375,91],{"class":78},[60,34377,463],{"class":82},[60,34379,79],{"class":78},[60,34381,88],{"class":74},[60,34383,91],{"class":78},[60,34385,10296],{"class":82},[60,34387,79],{"class":78},[60,34389,3901],{"class":74},[60,34391,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34393,10306],{"class":74},[60,34395,34396],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34397,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34399,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34401,143],{"class":142},[60,34403,130],{"class":74},[60,34405,14618],{"class":126},[60,34407,123],{"class":74},[60,34409,17917],{"class":126},[60,34411,8193],{"class":74},[60,34413,34414,34416,34418,34420,34422,34424],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34415,143],{"class":142},[60,34417,130],{"class":74},[60,34419,14618],{"class":126},[60,34421,123],{"class":74},[60,34423,1388],{"class":126},[60,34425,8193],{"class":74},[60,34427,34428,34430,34432,34434,34436,34438],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,34429,143],{"class":142},[60,34431,130],{"class":74},[60,34433,14618],{"class":126},[60,34435,123],{"class":74},[60,34437,716],{"class":126},[60,34439,8193],{"class":74},[20,34441,153],{},[51,34443,34445],{"className":53,"code":34444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,34446,34447,34469,34487],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34448,34449,34451,34453,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465,34467],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34450,18008],{"class":126},[60,34452,2652],{"class":74},[60,34454,356],{"class":78},[60,34456,8666],{"class":82},[60,34458,356],{"class":78},[60,34460,88],{"class":74},[60,34462,365],{"class":78},[60,34464,10296],{"class":82},[60,34466,356],{"class":78},[60,34468,2677],{"class":74},[60,34470,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479,34481,34483,34485],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34472,18031],{"class":126},[60,34474,2652],{"class":74},[60,34476,356],{"class":78},[60,34478,463],{"class":82},[60,34480,356],{"class":78},[60,34482,88],{"class":74},[60,34484,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34486,2677],{"class":74},[60,34488,34489,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499,34501,34503],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34490,22903],{"class":126},[60,34492,10655],{"class":74},[60,34494,356],{"class":78},[60,34496,8666],{"class":82},[60,34498,356],{"class":78},[60,34500,88],{"class":74},[60,34502,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34504,11676],{"class":74},[20,34506,19688],{},[33,34508,34509,34516,34523],{},[36,34510,34511,34515],{},[551,34512,34513],{"href":18056},[15,34514,18059],{}," when you need just the keys",[36,34517,34518,34522],{},[551,34519,34520],{"href":18062},[15,34521,18065],{}," when you need just the values",[36,34524,34525,34529],{},[551,34526,34527],{"href":18069},[15,34528,18072],{}," when you need both",[46,34531,5520],{"id":5519},[20,34533,34534,34535,123],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,34536,18065],{},[415,34538,30643,34540,34542],{"id":34539},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,34541,18065],{}," on the wrong type",[20,34544,34545,34547],{},[15,34546,18065],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,34549,17637],{},[51,34551,34553],{"className":53,"code":34552,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,34554,34555,34575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34556,34557,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567,34569,34571,34573],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34558,9303],{"class":66},[60,34560,71],{"class":70},[60,34562,75],{"class":74},[60,34564,1432],{"class":1402},[60,34566,88],{"class":74},[60,34568,1437],{"class":1402},[60,34570,88],{"class":74},[60,34572,1442],{"class":1402},[60,34574,108],{"class":74},[60,34576,34577,34579,34581,34583,34585,34587],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34578,143],{"class":142},[60,34580,130],{"class":74},[60,34582,9334],{"class":126},[60,34584,123],{"class":74},[60,34586,1388],{"class":126},[60,34588,8193],{"class":74},[20,34590,34591,34592,34594],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,34593,18065],{}," method.",[20,34596,34597],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[51,34599,34601],{"className":53,"code":34600,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,34602,34603],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34604,34605,34607,34609,34611,34613,34615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34606,143],{"class":142},[60,34608,130],{"class":74},[60,34610,2629],{"class":1527},[60,34612,130],{"class":74},[60,34614,9334],{"class":126},[60,34616,1042],{"class":74},[20,34618,34619,34620,34622,34623,123],{},"If you get an ",[15,34621,26665],{},", see ",[551,34624,1999,34625,34627],{"href":26672},[15,34626,26675],{}," errors",[415,34629,5580,34631,34633],{"id":34630},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,34632,18065],{}," returns a list",[20,34635,34636],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[51,34638,34640],{"className":53,"code":34639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,34641,34642,34678,34692,34696],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34643,34644,34646,34648,34650,34652,34654,34656,34658,34660,34662,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674,34676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34645,13858],{"class":66},[60,34647,71],{"class":70},[60,34649,11488],{"class":74},[60,34651,79],{"class":78},[60,34653,8666],{"class":82},[60,34655,79],{"class":78},[60,34657,3901],{"class":74},[60,34659,91],{"class":78},[60,34661,463],{"class":82},[60,34663,79],{"class":78},[60,34665,88],{"class":74},[60,34667,91],{"class":78},[60,34669,10296],{"class":82},[60,34671,79],{"class":78},[60,34673,3901],{"class":74},[60,34675,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34677,10306],{"class":74},[60,34679,34680,34682,34684,34686,34688,34690],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34681,1336],{"class":66},[60,34683,71],{"class":70},[60,34685,13900],{"class":66},[60,34687,123],{"class":74},[60,34689,1388],{"class":126},[60,34691,9640],{"class":74},[60,34693,34694],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34695,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34697,34698,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34699,143],{"class":142},[60,34701,130],{"class":74},[60,34703,2629],{"class":1527},[60,34705,130],{"class":74},[60,34707,1388],{"class":126},[60,34709,1042],{"class":74},[20,34711,153],{},[51,34713,34715],{"className":53,"code":34714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,34716,34717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34718,34719,34721,34723,34725,34727,34729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34720,4304],{"class":70},[60,34722,4307],{"class":3082},[60,34724,365],{"class":78},[60,34726,18031],{"class":82},[60,34728,356],{"class":78},[60,34730,4316],{"class":70},[20,34732,6148,34733,34735],{},[15,34734,18031],{},", not a list.",[20,34737,34738],{},"If you need a list:",[51,34740,34742],{"className":53,"code":34741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,34743,34744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34745,34746,34748,34750,34752,34754,34756,34758,34760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34747,1336],{"class":66},[60,34749,71],{"class":70},[60,34751,23553],{"class":1527},[60,34753,130],{"class":74},[60,34755,14618],{"class":126},[60,34757,123],{"class":74},[60,34759,1388],{"class":126},[60,34761,8193],{"class":74},[415,34763,34765,34766],{"id":34764},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34767,18031],{},[20,34769,34770],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[51,34772,34774],{"className":53,"code":34773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34775,34776,34812,34826,34830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34777,34778,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790,34792,34794,34796,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34779,13858],{"class":66},[60,34781,71],{"class":70},[60,34783,11488],{"class":74},[60,34785,79],{"class":78},[60,34787,8666],{"class":82},[60,34789,79],{"class":78},[60,34791,3901],{"class":74},[60,34793,91],{"class":78},[60,34795,463],{"class":82},[60,34797,79],{"class":78},[60,34799,88],{"class":74},[60,34801,91],{"class":78},[60,34803,10296],{"class":82},[60,34805,79],{"class":78},[60,34807,3901],{"class":74},[60,34809,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34811,10306],{"class":74},[60,34813,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34815,1336],{"class":66},[60,34817,71],{"class":70},[60,34819,13900],{"class":66},[60,34821,123],{"class":74},[60,34823,1388],{"class":126},[60,34825,9640],{"class":74},[60,34827,34828],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34829,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34831,34832],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34833,34834],{"class":4674},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34836,34837],{},"Convert to a list first:",[51,34839,34841],{"className":53,"code":34840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34842,34843,34879,34897,34901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34844,34845,34847,34849,34851,34853,34855,34857,34859,34861,34863,34865,34867,34869,34871,34873,34875,34877],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34846,13858],{"class":66},[60,34848,71],{"class":70},[60,34850,11488],{"class":74},[60,34852,79],{"class":78},[60,34854,8666],{"class":82},[60,34856,79],{"class":78},[60,34858,3901],{"class":74},[60,34860,91],{"class":78},[60,34862,463],{"class":82},[60,34864,79],{"class":78},[60,34866,88],{"class":74},[60,34868,91],{"class":78},[60,34870,10296],{"class":82},[60,34872,79],{"class":78},[60,34874,3901],{"class":74},[60,34876,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34878,10306],{"class":74},[60,34880,34881,34883,34885,34887,34889,34891,34893,34895],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34882,1336],{"class":66},[60,34884,71],{"class":70},[60,34886,23553],{"class":1527},[60,34888,130],{"class":74},[60,34890,14618],{"class":126},[60,34892,123],{"class":74},[60,34894,1388],{"class":126},[60,34896,8193],{"class":74},[60,34898,34899],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34900,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34902,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911,34913],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,34904,143],{"class":142},[60,34906,130],{"class":74},[60,34908,1388],{"class":126},[60,34910,353],{"class":74},[60,34912,3137],{"class":1402},[60,34914,2677],{"class":74},[415,34916,9413,34918,2600,34920],{"id":34917},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34919,1388],{},[15,34921,18065],{},[20,34923,34924],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[51,34926,34928],{"className":53,"code":34927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34929,34930,34966,34970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34931,34932,34934,34936,34938,34940,34942,34944,34946,34948,34950,34952,34954,34956,34958,34960,34962,34964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,34933,13858],{"class":66},[60,34935,71],{"class":70},[60,34937,11488],{"class":74},[60,34939,79],{"class":78},[60,34941,8666],{"class":82},[60,34943,79],{"class":78},[60,34945,3901],{"class":74},[60,34947,91],{"class":78},[60,34949,463],{"class":82},[60,34951,79],{"class":78},[60,34953,88],{"class":74},[60,34955,91],{"class":78},[60,34957,10296],{"class":82},[60,34959,79],{"class":78},[60,34961,3901],{"class":74},[60,34963,1407],{"class":1402},[60,34965,10306],{"class":74},[60,34967,34968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,34969,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,34971,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980,34982],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,34973,143],{"class":142},[60,34975,130],{"class":74},[60,34977,14618],{"class":126},[60,34979,123],{"class":74},[60,34981,1388],{"class":25743},[60,34983,136],{"class":74},[20,34985,34986,34989],{},[15,34987,34988],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34991,19688],{},[51,34993,34995],{"className":53,"code":34994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34996,34997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,34998,34999,35001,35003,35005,35007,35009],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35000,143],{"class":142},[60,35002,130],{"class":74},[60,35004,14618],{"class":126},[60,35006,123],{"class":74},[60,35008,1388],{"class":126},[60,35010,8193],{"class":74},[415,35012,35014],{"id":35013},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,35016,35017],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[51,35019,35021],{"className":53,"code":35020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,35022,35023,35055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35024,35025,35027,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037,35039,35041,35043,35045,35047,35049,35051,35053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35026,10163],{"class":66},[60,35028,71],{"class":70},[60,35030,11488],{"class":74},[60,35032,79],{"class":78},[60,35034,551],{"class":82},[60,35036,79],{"class":78},[60,35038,3901],{"class":74},[60,35040,6499],{"class":1402},[60,35042,88],{"class":74},[60,35044,91],{"class":78},[60,35046,2258],{"class":82},[60,35048,79],{"class":78},[60,35050,3901],{"class":74},[60,35052,1437],{"class":1402},[60,35054,10306],{"class":74},[60,35056,35057,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35058,143],{"class":142},[60,35060,130],{"class":74},[60,35062,10202],{"class":126},[60,35064,123],{"class":74},[60,35066,1388],{"class":126},[60,35068,8193],{"class":74},[20,35070,35071],{},"Not like this:",[51,35073,35075],{"className":53,"code":35074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,35076,35077,35082,35087],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35078,35079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35080,35081],{"class":4674},"# Wrong examples:\n",[60,35083,35084],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35085,35086],{"class":4674},"# data().values()\n",[60,35088,35089],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,35090,35091],{"class":4674},"# values(data)\n",[20,35093,4353],{},[51,35095,35097],{"className":53,"code":35096,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,35098,35099,35113,35123,35137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35100,35101,35103,35105,35107,35109,35111],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35102,143],{"class":142},[60,35104,130],{"class":74},[60,35106,2629],{"class":1527},[60,35108,130],{"class":74},[60,35110,12445],{"class":126},[60,35112,1042],{"class":74},[60,35114,35115,35117,35119,35121],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35116,143],{"class":142},[60,35118,130],{"class":74},[60,35120,12445],{"class":126},[60,35122,136],{"class":74},[60,35124,35125,35127,35129,35131,35133,35135],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,35126,143],{"class":142},[60,35128,130],{"class":74},[60,35130,12445],{"class":126},[60,35132,123],{"class":74},[60,35134,1388],{"class":126},[60,35136,8193],{"class":74},[60,35138,35139,35141,35143,35145,35147,35149,35151,35153],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,35140,143],{"class":142},[60,35142,130],{"class":74},[60,35144,9089],{"class":1527},[60,35146,130],{"class":74},[60,35148,12445],{"class":126},[60,35150,123],{"class":74},[60,35152,1388],{"class":126},[60,35154,7288],{"class":74},[46,35156,2804],{"id":2803},[415,35158,2846,35160,6145],{"id":35159},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,35161,33313],{},[20,35163,18416,35164,35166],{},[15,35165,18031],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[415,35168,2808,35170,24924],{"id":35169},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,35171,18065],{},[20,35173,24927,35174,24931],{},[15,35175,35176],{},"list(...)",[415,35178,27049,35180,2863],{"id":35179},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,35181,33313],{},[20,35183,35184,35185,27057],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,35186,6960],{},[415,35188,2808,35190,35192],{"id":35189},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,35191,33313],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,35194,35195],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[415,35197,35199,35200,35202,35203,2863],{"id":35198},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,35201,18065],{}," different from ",[15,35204,18072],{},[20,35206,35207,35209,35210,35212],{},[15,35208,18065],{}," returns only values. ",[15,35211,18072],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[46,35214,2870],{"id":2869},[33,35216,35217,35223,35229,35233,35239,35243],{},[36,35218,35219],{},[551,35220,11734,35221,2887],{"href":18056},[15,35222,18059],{},[36,35224,35225],{},[551,35226,11734,35227,2887],{"href":18069},[15,35228,18072],{},[36,35230,35231],{},[551,35232,12238],{"href":10388},[36,35234,35235],{},[551,35236,35238],{"href":35237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[36,35240,35241],{},[551,35242,25009],{"href":34162},[36,35244,35245],{},[551,35246,2898,35247],{"href":26672},[15,35248,35249],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2912,35251,35252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":35254},[35255,35256,35258,35259,35261,35262,35263,35264,35266,35277,35289],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":33483,"depth":111,"text":35257},"What values() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":33553,"depth":111,"text":35260},"What values() returns",{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":34032,"depth":111,"text":34033},{"id":34165,"depth":111,"text":34166},{"id":34324,"depth":111,"text":35265},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":35267},[35268,35270,35272,35274,35276],{"id":34539,"depth":139,"text":35269},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":34630,"depth":139,"text":35271},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34764,"depth":139,"text":35273},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34917,"depth":139,"text":35275},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":35013,"depth":139,"text":35014},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":35278},[35279,35281,35283,35285,35287],{"id":35159,"depth":139,"text":35280},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":35169,"depth":139,"text":35282},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":35179,"depth":139,"text":35284},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":35189,"depth":139,"text":35286},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":35198,"depth":139,"text":35288},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":33300,"description":35290},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":35296,"title":35297,"body":35298,"description":36727,"extension":2980,"meta":36728,"navigation":304,"path":36729,"seo":36730,"stem":36731,"__hash__":36732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35299,"toc":36679},[35300,35306,35311,35314,35330,35339,35341,35373,35379,35382,35476,35479,35484,35489,35492,35503,35505,35519,35525,35527,35532,35538,35541,35580,35588,35593,35596,35641,35644,35656,35662,35668,35672,35705,35708,35726,35729,35733,35772,35774,35794,35797,35809,35814,35820,35823,35877,35880,35891,35894,35905,35908,35912,35918,35920,35950,35953,35968,35971,35974,35993,35996,36012,36021,36023,36054,36060,36065,36068,36075,36106,36109,36131,36134,36137,36151,36155,36186,36201,36208,36215,36219,36227,36231,36239,36242,36291,36302,36304,36307,36313,36318,36328,36332,36335,36338,36342,36345,36347,36368,36372,36378,36389,36395,36397,36403,36427,36430,36493,36496,36524,36527,36589,36591,36596,36599,36606,36614,36621,36624,36632,36638,36640,36667,36676],[10,35301,163,35303,4591],{"id":35302},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,35304,35305],{},"dir()",[20,35307,33310,35308,35310],{},[15,35309,35305],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,35312,35313],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[33,35315,35316,35319,35322,35327],{},[36,35317,35318],{},"learning Python",[36,35320,35321],{},"exploring a new object",[36,35323,35324,35325],{},"debugging an ",[15,35326,26665],{},[36,35328,35329],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,35331,35332,35333,35335,35336],{},"In short, ",[15,35334,35305],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[4753,35337,35338],{},"“What can I use here?”",[46,35340,3022],{"id":3021},[51,35342,35344],{"className":53,"code":35343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,35345,35346,35358],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35347,35348,35350,35352,35354,35356],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35349,8872],{"class":66},[60,35351,71],{"class":70},[60,35353,91],{"class":78},[60,35355,1008],{"class":82},[60,35357,2389],{"class":78},[60,35359,35360,35362,35364,35367,35369,35371],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35361,143],{"class":142},[60,35363,130],{"class":74},[60,35365,35366],{"class":142},"dir",[60,35368,130],{"class":74},[60,35370,8666],{"class":126},[60,35372,1042],{"class":74},[20,35374,171,35375,35378],{},[15,35376,35377],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,35380,35381],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[51,35383,35385],{"className":53,"code":35384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,35386,35387],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35388,35389,35391,35393,35396,35398,35400,35402,35405,35407,35409,35411,35414,35416,35418,35420,35423,35425,35427,35429,35432,35434,35436,35438,35441,35443,35445,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35463,35465,35467,35469,35472,35474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35390,353],{"class":74},[60,35392,356],{"class":78},[60,35394,35395],{"class":82},"__add__",[60,35397,356],{"class":78},[60,35399,88],{"class":74},[60,35401,365],{"class":78},[60,35403,35404],{"class":82},"__class__",[60,35406,356],{"class":78},[60,35408,88],{"class":74},[60,35410,365],{"class":78},[60,35412,35413],{"class":82},"__contains__",[60,35415,356],{"class":78},[60,35417,88],{"class":74},[60,35419,365],{"class":78},[60,35421,35422],{"class":82},"__delattr__",[60,35424,356],{"class":78},[60,35426,88],{"class":74},[60,35428,365],{"class":78},[60,35430,35431],{"class":82},"__dir__",[60,35433,356],{"class":78},[60,35435,88],{"class":74},[60,35437,365],{"class":78},[60,35439,35440],{"class":82},"__doc__",[60,35442,356],{"class":78},[60,35444,88],{"class":74},[60,35446,35447],{"class":1313}," ...",[60,35449,88],{"class":74},[60,35451,365],{"class":78},[60,35453,9637],{"class":82},[60,35455,356],{"class":78},[60,35457,88],{"class":74},[60,35459,365],{"class":78},[60,35461,35462],{"class":82},"split",[60,35464,356],{"class":78},[60,35466,88],{"class":74},[60,35468,365],{"class":78},[60,35470,35471],{"class":82},"upper",[60,35473,356],{"class":78},[60,35475,108],{"class":74},[20,35477,35478],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[46,35480,178,35482,181],{"id":35481},"what-dir-does",[15,35483,35305],{},[20,35485,35486,35488],{},[15,35487,35305],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,35490,35491],{},"It usually includes:",[33,35493,35494,35497,35500],{},[36,35495,35496],{},"attributes",[36,35498,35499],{},"methods",[36,35501,35502],{},"special Python names",[20,35504,189],{},[33,35506,35507,35513,35516],{},[36,35508,35509,35510],{},"The result is a ",[4753,35511,35512],{},"list of strings",[36,35514,35515],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[36,35517,35518],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,35520,35521,35522,35524],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,35523,35305],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[46,35526,389],{"id":388},[20,35528,35529,35531],{},[15,35530,35305],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[415,35533,35535,35537],{"id":35534},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,35536,35305],{}," with no argument",[20,35539,35540],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[51,35542,35544],{"className":53,"code":35543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35545,35546,35554,35566,35570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35547,35548,35550,35552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35549,4038],{"class":66},[60,35551,71],{"class":70},[60,35553,3601],{"class":1402},[60,35555,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35557,8872],{"class":66},[60,35559,71],{"class":70},[60,35561,91],{"class":78},[60,35563,1781],{"class":82},[60,35565,2389],{"class":78},[60,35567,35568],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,35569,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,35571,35572,35574,35576,35578],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,35573,143],{"class":142},[60,35575,130],{"class":74},[60,35577,35366],{"class":142},[60,35579,8193],{"class":74},[20,35581,35582,35583,2360,35585,35587],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,35584,3191],{},[15,35586,8666],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[415,35589,35591],{"id":35590},"dirobject",[15,35592,35377],{},[20,35594,35595],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[51,35597,35599],{"className":53,"code":35598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,35600,35601,35619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35602,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35604,143],{"class":142},[60,35606,130],{"class":74},[60,35608,35366],{"class":142},[60,35610,130],{"class":74},[60,35612,79],{"class":78},[60,35614,1008],{"class":82},[60,35616,79],{"class":78},[60,35618,1042],{"class":74},[60,35620,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637,35639],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35622,143],{"class":142},[60,35624,130],{"class":74},[60,35626,35366],{"class":142},[60,35628,2652],{"class":74},[60,35630,1432],{"class":1402},[60,35632,88],{"class":74},[60,35634,1437],{"class":1402},[60,35636,88],{"class":74},[60,35638,1442],{"class":1402},[60,35640,2718],{"class":74},[20,35642,35643],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[33,35645,35646,35648,35650,35653],{},[36,35647,6310],{},[36,35649,6301],{},[36,35651,35652],{},"modules",[36,35654,35655],{},"custom objects",[46,35657,9413,35659,35661],{"id":35658},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,35660,35305],{}," with a value",[20,35663,35664,35665,35667],{},"A common use of ",[15,35666,35305],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[415,35669,35671],{"id":35670},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[51,35673,35675],{"className":53,"code":35674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,35676,35677,35690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35678,35679,35682,35684,35686,35688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35680,35681],{"class":66},"text ",[60,35683,71],{"class":70},[60,35685,91],{"class":78},[60,35687,1008],{"class":82},[60,35689,2389],{"class":78},[60,35691,35692,35694,35696,35698,35700,35703],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35693,143],{"class":142},[60,35695,130],{"class":74},[60,35697,35366],{"class":142},[60,35699,130],{"class":74},[60,35701,35702],{"class":126},"text",[60,35704,1042],{"class":74},[20,35706,35707],{},"You will see method names like:",[33,35709,35710,35714,35718,35722],{},[36,35711,35712],{},[15,35713,9637],{},[36,35715,35716],{},[15,35717,35471],{},[36,35719,35720],{},[15,35721,35462],{},[36,35723,35724],{},[15,35725,9631],{},[20,35727,35728],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[415,35730,35732],{"id":35731},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[51,35734,35736],{"className":53,"code":35735,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,35737,35738,35758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35739,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35741,4629],{"class":66},[60,35743,71],{"class":70},[60,35745,75],{"class":74},[60,35747,1432],{"class":1402},[60,35749,88],{"class":74},[60,35751,1437],{"class":1402},[60,35753,88],{"class":74},[60,35755,1442],{"class":1402},[60,35757,108],{"class":74},[60,35759,35760,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35761,143],{"class":142},[60,35763,130],{"class":74},[60,35765,35366],{"class":142},[60,35767,130],{"class":74},[60,35769,4659],{"class":126},[60,35771,1042],{"class":74},[20,35773,35707],{},[33,35775,35776,35780,35784,35789],{},[36,35777,35778],{},[15,35779,14545],{},[36,35781,35782],{},[15,35783,27234],{},[36,35785,35786],{},[15,35787,35788],{},"remove",[36,35790,35791],{},[15,35792,35793],{},"sort",[20,35795,35796],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35798,35799,35800,35805,35806,35808],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[551,35801,35803],{"href":35802},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35804,3317],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35807,35305],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[46,35810,9413,35812,35537],{"id":35811},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35813,35305],{},[20,35815,35816,35817,35819],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35818,35305],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35821,35822],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[51,35824,35826],{"className":53,"code":35825,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35827,35828,35837,35841,35852,35863,35867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35829,35830,35832,35834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35831,4038],{"class":66},[60,35833,71],{"class":70},[60,35835,35836],{"class":1402}," 5\n",[60,35838,35839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35840,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,35842,35843,35846,35850],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,35844,35845],{"class":3082},"def",[60,35847,35849],{"class":35848},"sGLFI"," greet",[60,35851,22590],{"class":74},[60,35853,35854,35857,35859,35861],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,35855,35856],{"class":2665},"    return",[60,35858,91],{"class":78},[60,35860,2386],{"class":82},[60,35862,2389],{"class":78},[60,35864,35865],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,35866,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,35868,35869,35871,35873,35875],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,35870,143],{"class":142},[60,35872,130],{"class":74},[60,35874,35366],{"class":142},[60,35876,8193],{"class":74},[20,35878,35879],{},"The output will include names like:",[33,35881,35882,35886],{},[36,35883,35884],{},[15,35885,3191],{},[36,35887,35888],{},[15,35889,35890],{},"greet",[20,35892,35893],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[33,35895,35896,35899,35902],{},[36,35897,35898],{},"what variables exist",[36,35900,35901],{},"what functions you have defined",[36,35903,35904],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35906,35907],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[46,35909,35911],{"id":35910},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35913,35914,35915,35917],{},"When you first use ",[15,35916,35305],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35919,236],{},[51,35921,35922],{"className":53,"code":35674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,35923,35924,35936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,35925,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,35927,35681],{"class":66},[60,35929,71],{"class":70},[60,35931,91],{"class":78},[60,35933,1008],{"class":82},[60,35935,2389],{"class":78},[60,35937,35938,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,35939,143],{"class":142},[60,35941,130],{"class":74},[60,35943,35366],{"class":142},[60,35945,130],{"class":74},[60,35947,35702],{"class":126},[60,35949,1042],{"class":74},[20,35951,35952],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[33,35954,35955,35959,35963],{},[36,35956,35957],{},[15,35958,35404],{},[36,35960,35961],{},[15,35962,35440],{},[36,35964,35965],{},[15,35966,35967],{},"__len__",[20,35969,35970],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35972,35973],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[33,35975,35976,35980,35984,35988],{},[36,35977,35978],{},[15,35979,35471],{},[36,35981,35982],{},[15,35983,9637],{},[36,35985,35986],{},[15,35987,35462],{},[36,35989,35990],{},[15,35991,35992],{},"replace",[20,35994,35995],{},"A key point to remember:",[33,35997,35998,36006],{},[36,35999,36000,36002,36003],{},[15,36001,35305],{}," lists ",[4753,36004,36005],{},"names only",[36,36007,36008,36009,36011],{},"it does ",[4753,36010,5632],{}," explain what each name does",[20,36013,36014,36015,123],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[551,36016,36018],{"href":36017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,36019,36020],{},"help()",[20,36022,6473],{},[51,36024,36026],{"className":53,"code":36025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36027,36028,36040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36029,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36031,8872],{"class":66},[60,36033,71],{"class":70},[60,36035,91],{"class":78},[60,36037,1008],{"class":82},[60,36039,2389],{"class":78},[60,36041,36042,36044,36046,36048,36050,36052],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36043,33145],{"class":142},[60,36045,130],{"class":74},[60,36047,8666],{"class":126},[60,36049,123],{"class":74},[60,36051,35471],{"class":25743},[60,36053,136],{"class":74},[46,36055,36057,36059],{"id":36056},"dir-on-modules",[15,36058,35305],{}," on modules",[20,36061,16708,36062,36064],{},[15,36063,35305],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,36066,36067],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[415,36069,36071,36072,36074],{"id":36070},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,36073,19410],{}," module",[51,36076,36078],{"className":53,"code":36077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,36079,36080,36088,36092],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36081,36082,36085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36083,36084],{"class":2665},"import",[60,36086,36087],{"class":66}," math\n",[60,36089,36090],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36091,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36093,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36095,143],{"class":142},[60,36097,130],{"class":74},[60,36099,35366],{"class":142},[60,36101,130],{"class":74},[60,36103,19410],{"class":126},[60,36105,1042],{"class":74},[20,36107,36108],{},"You may see names like:",[33,36110,36111,36116,36121,36126],{},[36,36112,36113],{},[15,36114,36115],{},"sqrt",[36,36117,36118],{},[15,36119,36120],{},"ceil",[36,36122,36123],{},[15,36124,36125],{},"floor",[36,36127,36128],{},[15,36129,36130],{},"pi",[20,36132,36133],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,36135,36136],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[33,36138,36139,36145],{},[36,36140,36141],{},[551,36142,36144],{"href":36143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[36,36146,36147],{},[551,36148,36150],{"href":36149},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[415,36152,36154],{"id":36153},"another-example","Another example",[51,36156,36158],{"className":53,"code":36157,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,36159,36160,36167,36171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36161,36162,36164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36163,36084],{"class":2665},[60,36165,36166],{"class":66}," json\n",[60,36168,36169],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36170,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36172,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36184],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36174,143],{"class":142},[60,36176,130],{"class":74},[60,36178,35366],{"class":142},[60,36180,130],{"class":74},[60,36182,36183],{"class":126},"json",[60,36185,1042],{"class":74},[20,36187,36188,36189,287,36192,287,36195,18066,36198,123],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,36190,36191],{},"dump",[15,36193,36194],{},"dumps",[15,36196,36197],{},"load",[15,36199,36200],{},"loads",[46,36202,36204,11583,36206],{"id":36203},"dir-vs-help",[15,36205,35305],{},[15,36207,36020],{},[20,36209,36210,2360,36212,36214],{},[15,36211,35305],{},[15,36213,36020],{}," are often used together.",[415,36216,36217],{"id":35366},[15,36218,35305],{},[33,36220,36221,36224],{},[36,36222,36223],{},"shows available names",[36,36225,36226],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[415,36228,36229],{"id":33145},[15,36230,36020],{},[33,36232,36233,36236],{},[36,36234,36235],{},"explains what an object or function does",[36,36237,36238],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,36240,36241],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[51,36243,36245],{"className":53,"code":36244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36246,36247,36259,36263,36277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36248,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36250,8872],{"class":66},[60,36252,71],{"class":70},[60,36254,91],{"class":78},[60,36256,1008],{"class":82},[60,36258,2389],{"class":78},[60,36260,36261],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36262,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36264,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36266,143],{"class":142},[60,36268,130],{"class":74},[60,36270,35366],{"class":142},[60,36272,130],{"class":74},[60,36274,8666],{"class":126},[60,36276,1042],{"class":74},[60,36278,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,36280,33145],{"class":142},[60,36282,130],{"class":74},[60,36284,8666],{"class":126},[60,36286,123],{"class":74},[60,36288,35471],{"class":25743},[60,36290,136],{"class":74},[20,36292,171,36293,36295,36296,36298,36299,36301],{},[15,36294,35305],{}," first to find a method name.",[10843,36297],{},"\nThen use ",[15,36300,36020],{}," to understand how to use it.",[46,36303,26351],{"id":26350},[20,36305,36306],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[415,36308,36310,36312],{"id":36309},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,36311,35305],{}," returns names, not values",[20,36314,36315,36317],{},[15,36316,35305],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,36319,36320,36321,36323,36324,36327],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,36322,35471],{}," in ",[15,36325,36326],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[415,36329,36331],{"id":36330},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,36333,36334],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,36336,36337],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[415,36339,36341],{"id":36340},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,36343,36344],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,36346,6473],{},[33,36348,36349,36354,36360],{},[36,36350,36351,36353],{},[15,36352,36326],{}," shows string-related names",[36,36355,36356,36359],{},[15,36357,36358],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[36,36361,36362,36365,36366,36074],{},[15,36363,36364],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,36367,19410],{},[415,36369,36371],{"id":36370},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,36373,36374,36375,36377],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,36376,35305],{}," does not mean you already know:",[33,36379,36380,36383,36386],{},[36,36381,36382],{},"what it does",[36,36384,36385],{},"what arguments it needs",[36,36387,36388],{},"what it returns",[20,36390,36391,36392,36394],{},"That is why ",[15,36393,36020],{}," is the natural next step.",[46,36396,3845],{"id":3844},[20,36398,36399,36400,36402],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,36401,35305],{}," in these situations:",[33,36404,36405,36408,36417,36420],{},[36,36406,36407],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[36,36409,36410,36411,36416],{},"Seeing an ",[551,36412,36414],{"href":36413},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,36415,26665],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[36,36418,36419],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[36,36421,9413,36422,36424,36425],{},[15,36423,35305],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,36426,36020],{},[20,36428,36429],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[51,36431,36433],{"className":53,"code":36432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,36434,36435,36447,36451,36465,36479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36436,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36438,8872],{"class":66},[60,36440,71],{"class":70},[60,36442,91],{"class":78},[60,36444,1008],{"class":82},[60,36446,2389],{"class":78},[60,36448,36449],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36450,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36452,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36454,143],{"class":142},[60,36456,130],{"class":74},[60,36458,2629],{"class":1527},[60,36460,130],{"class":74},[60,36462,8666],{"class":126},[60,36464,1042],{"class":74},[60,36466,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,36468,143],{"class":142},[60,36470,130],{"class":74},[60,36472,35366],{"class":142},[60,36474,130],{"class":74},[60,36476,8666],{"class":126},[60,36478,1042],{"class":74},[60,36480,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,36482,33145],{"class":142},[60,36484,130],{"class":74},[60,36486,8666],{"class":126},[60,36488,123],{"class":74},[60,36490,35471],{"class":25743},[60,36492,136],{"class":74},[20,36494,36495],{},"And for modules:",[51,36497,36498],{"className":53,"code":36077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,36499,36500,36506,36510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36501,36502,36504],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36503,36084],{"class":2665},[60,36505,36087],{"class":66},[60,36507,36508],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36509,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36511,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36513,143],{"class":142},[60,36515,130],{"class":74},[60,36517,35366],{"class":142},[60,36519,130],{"class":74},[60,36521,19410],{"class":126},[60,36523,1042],{"class":74},[20,36525,36526],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[51,36528,36530],{"className":53,"code":36529,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,36531,36532,36537,36549,36559,36573,36579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36533,36534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36535,36536],{"class":66},"python\n",[60,36538,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36540,8872],{"class":66},[60,36542,71],{"class":70},[60,36544,91],{"class":78},[60,36546,1008],{"class":82},[60,36548,2389],{"class":78},[60,36550,36551,36553,36555,36557],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36552,35366],{"class":142},[60,36554,130],{"class":74},[60,36556,8666],{"class":126},[60,36558,136],{"class":74},[60,36560,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,36562,33145],{"class":142},[60,36564,130],{"class":74},[60,36566,8666],{"class":126},[60,36568,123],{"class":74},[60,36570,35471],{"class":25743},[60,36572,136],{"class":74},[60,36574,36575,36577],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,36576,36084],{"class":2665},[60,36578,36087],{"class":66},[60,36580,36581,36583,36585,36587],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,36582,35366],{"class":142},[60,36584,130],{"class":74},[60,36586,19410],{"class":126},[60,36588,136],{"class":74},[46,36590,2804],{"id":2803},[415,36592,2846,36594,6145],{"id":36593},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,36595,35305],{},[20,36597,36598],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[415,36600,6180,36602,2360,36604,2863],{"id":36601},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,36603,35305],{},[15,36605,36020],{},[20,36607,36608,36610,36611,36613],{},[15,36609,35305],{}," lists available names. ",[15,36612,36020],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[415,36615,36617,36618,36620],{"id":36616},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,36619,35305],{}," output?",[20,36622,36623],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[415,36625,6170,36627,36629,36630,2863],{"id":36626},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,36628,35305],{}," help fix ",[15,36631,26665],{},[20,36633,36634,36635,123],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[551,36636,36637],{"href":36413},"object has no attribute",[46,36639,2870],{"id":2869},[33,36641,36642,36648,36653,36657,36661],{},[36,36643,36644],{},[551,36645,163,36646,1579],{"href":36017},[15,36647,36020],{},[36,36649,36650],{},[551,36651,36652],{"href":36413},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[36,36654,36655],{},[551,36656,36144],{"href":36143},[36,36658,36659],{},[551,36660,36150],{"href":36149},[36,36662,36663],{},[551,36664,163,36665,1579],{"href":35802},[15,36666,3317],{},[20,36668,36669,36670,36672,36673,36675],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,36671,35305],{}," together with ",[15,36674,36020],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2912,36677,36678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":36680},[36681,36682,36684,36689,36694,36696,36697,36703,36708,36715,36716,36726],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":35481,"depth":111,"text":36683},"What dir() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":36685},[36686,36688],{"id":35534,"depth":139,"text":36687},"dir() with no argument",{"id":35590,"depth":139,"text":35377},{"id":35658,"depth":111,"text":36690,"children":36691},"Using dir() with a value",[36692,36693],{"id":35670,"depth":139,"text":35671},{"id":35731,"depth":139,"text":35732},{"id":35811,"depth":111,"text":36695},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35910,"depth":111,"text":35911},{"id":36056,"depth":111,"text":36698,"children":36699},"dir() on modules",[36700,36702],{"id":36070,"depth":139,"text":36701},"Example: math module",{"id":36153,"depth":139,"text":36154},{"id":36203,"depth":111,"text":36704,"children":36705},"dir() vs help()",[36706,36707],{"id":35366,"depth":139,"text":35305},{"id":33145,"depth":139,"text":36020},{"id":26350,"depth":111,"text":26351,"children":36709},[36710,36712,36713,36714],{"id":36309,"depth":139,"text":36711},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":36330,"depth":139,"text":36331},{"id":36340,"depth":139,"text":36341},{"id":36370,"depth":139,"text":36371},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":36717},[36718,36720,36722,36724],{"id":36593,"depth":139,"text":36719},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":36601,"depth":139,"text":36721},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":36616,"depth":139,"text":36723},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":36626,"depth":139,"text":36725},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":35297,"description":36727},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36734,"title":36735,"body":36736,"description":38547,"extension":2980,"meta":38548,"navigation":304,"path":38549,"seo":38550,"stem":38551,"__hash__":38552},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36737,"toc":38516},[36738,36744,36749,36752,36760,36766,36768,36848,36850,36874,36879,36884,36889,36892,36903,36906,36908,36985,36987,37012,37019,37021,37023,37048,37051,37064,37069,37071,37150,37152,37178,37187,37192,37200,37206,37213,37216,37218,37297,37300,37357,37359,37396,37402,37407,37412,37415,37429,37431,37534,37536,37579,37588,37598,37605,37611,37618,37701,37703,37726,37729,37732,37734,37738,37742,37745,37808,37830,37833,37837,37843,37845,37912,37915,37992,37997,38003,38006,38009,38055,38057,38081,38086,38090,38095,38101,38164,38167,38169,38172,38197,38200,38334,38336,38437,38439,38444,38447,38453,38463,38471,38476,38482,38488,38490,38513],[10,36739,163,36741,4591],{"id":36740},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,36742,36743],{},"enumerate()",[20,36745,36746,36748],{},[15,36747,36743],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,36750,36751],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[33,36753,36754,36757],{},[36,36755,36756],{},"the item itself",[36,36758,36759],{},"its index in the loop",[20,36761,36762,36763,36765],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36764,36743],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[46,36767,3022],{"id":3021},[51,36769,36771],{"className":53,"code":36770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36772,36773,36805,36809,36832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36774,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36776,1070],{"class":66},[60,36778,71],{"class":70},[60,36780,75],{"class":74},[60,36782,79],{"class":78},[60,36784,254],{"class":82},[60,36786,79],{"class":78},[60,36788,88],{"class":74},[60,36790,91],{"class":78},[60,36792,263],{"class":82},[60,36794,79],{"class":78},[60,36796,88],{"class":74},[60,36798,91],{"class":78},[60,36800,272],{"class":82},[60,36802,79],{"class":78},[60,36804,108],{"class":74},[60,36806,36807],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36808,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36810,36811,36813,36816,36818,36821,36823,36826,36828,36830],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36812,6960],{"class":2665},[60,36814,36815],{"class":66}," index",[60,36817,88],{"class":74},[60,36819,36820],{"class":66}," color ",[60,36822,2672],{"class":2665},[60,36824,36825],{"class":142}," enumerate",[60,36827,130],{"class":74},[60,36829,1119],{"class":126},[60,36831,9337],{"class":74},[60,36833,36834,36836,36838,36841,36843,36846],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,36835,9064],{"class":142},[60,36837,130],{"class":74},[60,36839,36840],{"class":126},"index",[60,36842,88],{"class":74},[60,36844,36845],{"class":126}," color",[60,36847,136],{"class":74},[20,36849,153],{},[51,36851,36853],{"className":53,"code":36852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36854,36855,36862,36868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36856,36857,36859],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36858,3137],{"class":1402},[60,36860,36861],{"class":66}," red\n",[60,36863,36864,36866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36865,1432],{"class":1402},[60,36867,1142],{"class":66},[60,36869,36870,36872],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36871,1925],{"class":1402},[60,36873,348],{"class":66},[20,36875,171,36876,36878],{},[15,36877,36743],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[46,36880,178,36882,181],{"id":36881},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36883,36743],{},[20,36885,36886,36888],{},[15,36887,36743],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36890,36891],{},"It is commonly used with:",[33,36893,36894,36896,36898,36900],{},[36,36895,6301],{},[36,36897,6304],{},[36,36899,6310],{},[36,36901,36902],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36904,36905],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36907,236],{},[51,36909,36911],{"className":53,"code":36910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36912,36913,36945,36949,36970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36914,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36916,454],{"class":66},[60,36918,71],{"class":70},[60,36920,75],{"class":74},[60,36922,79],{"class":78},[60,36924,463],{"class":82},[60,36926,79],{"class":78},[60,36928,88],{"class":74},[60,36930,91],{"class":78},[60,36932,472],{"class":82},[60,36934,79],{"class":78},[60,36936,88],{"class":74},[60,36938,91],{"class":78},[60,36940,481],{"class":82},[60,36942,79],{"class":78},[60,36944,108],{"class":74},[60,36946,36947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,36948,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,36950,36951,36953,36955,36957,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,36952,6960],{"class":2665},[60,36954,36815],{"class":66},[60,36956,88],{"class":74},[60,36958,36959],{"class":66}," name ",[60,36961,2672],{"class":2665},[60,36963,36825],{"class":142},[60,36965,130],{"class":74},[60,36967,507],{"class":126},[60,36969,9337],{"class":74},[60,36971,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36983],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,36973,9064],{"class":142},[60,36975,130],{"class":74},[60,36977,36840],{"class":126},[60,36979,88],{"class":74},[60,36981,36982],{"class":126}," name",[60,36984,136],{"class":74},[20,36986,153],{},[51,36988,36990],{"className":53,"code":36989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36991,36992,36999,37006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,36993,36994,36996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,36995,3137],{"class":1402},[60,36997,36998],{"class":66}," Ana\n",[60,37000,37001,37003],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37002,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37004,37005],{"class":66}," Ben\n",[60,37007,37008,37010],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37009,1925],{"class":1402},[60,37011,546],{"class":66},[20,37013,37014,37015,123],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[551,37016,37018],{"href":37017},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[46,37020,389],{"id":388},[20,37022,3177],{},[51,37024,37026],{"className":53,"code":37025,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,37027,37028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37029,37030,37033,37035,37037,37039,37042,37044,37046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37031,37032],{"class":142},"enumerate",[60,37034,130],{"class":74},[60,37036,411],{"class":126},[60,37038,88],{"class":74},[60,37040,37041],{"class":10173}," start",[60,37043,71],{"class":70},[60,37045,3137],{"class":1402},[60,37047,136],{"class":74},[20,37049,37050],{},"It has two parts:",[33,37052,37053,37058],{},[36,37054,37055,37057],{},[15,37056,411],{},": the object you want to loop through",[36,37059,37060,37063],{},[15,37061,37062],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,37065,37066,37067,123],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,37068,3137],{},[20,37070,236],{},[51,37072,37074],{"className":53,"code":37073,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,37075,37076,37108,37112,37134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37077,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092,37094,37096,37098,37100,37102,37104,37106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37079,767],{"class":66},[60,37081,71],{"class":70},[60,37083,75],{"class":74},[60,37085,79],{"class":78},[60,37087,551],{"class":82},[60,37089,79],{"class":78},[60,37091,88],{"class":74},[60,37093,91],{"class":78},[60,37095,2258],{"class":82},[60,37097,79],{"class":78},[60,37099,88],{"class":74},[60,37101,91],{"class":78},[60,37103,1895],{"class":82},[60,37105,79],{"class":78},[60,37107,108],{"class":74},[60,37109,37110],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37111,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37113,37114,37116,37119,37121,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37115,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37117,37118],{"class":66}," i",[60,37120,88],{"class":74},[60,37122,37123],{"class":66}," letter ",[60,37125,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37127,36825],{"class":142},[60,37129,130],{"class":74},[60,37131,843],{"class":126},[60,37133,9337],{"class":74},[60,37135,37136,37138,37140,37143,37145,37148],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37137,9064],{"class":142},[60,37139,130],{"class":74},[60,37141,37142],{"class":126},"i",[60,37144,88],{"class":74},[60,37146,37147],{"class":126}," letter",[60,37149,136],{"class":74},[20,37151,153],{},[51,37153,37155],{"className":53,"code":37154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,37156,37157,37164,37171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37158,37159,37161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37160,3137],{"class":1402},[60,37162,37163],{"class":66}," a\n",[60,37165,37166,37168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37167,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37169,37170],{"class":66}," b\n",[60,37172,37173,37175],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37174,1925],{"class":1402},[60,37176,37177],{"class":66}," c\n",[20,37179,37180,37181,123],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[551,37182,163,37184,1579],{"href":37183},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,37185,37186],{},"range()",[46,37188,178,37190,12701],{"id":37189},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,37191,36743],{},[20,37193,37194,37196,37197,123],{},[15,37195,36743],{}," returns an ",[4753,37198,37199],{},"enumerate object",[20,37201,37202,37203,37205],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,37204,6960],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[33,37207,37208],{},[36,37209,37210],{},[15,37211,37212],{},"(index, item)",[20,37214,37215],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,37217,236],{},[51,37219,37221],{"className":53,"code":37220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,37222,37223,37256,37260,37282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37224,37225,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37226,37227],{"class":66},"fruits ",[60,37229,71],{"class":70},[60,37231,75],{"class":74},[60,37233,79],{"class":78},[60,37235,1604],{"class":82},[60,37237,79],{"class":78},[60,37239,88],{"class":74},[60,37241,91],{"class":78},[60,37243,1619],{"class":82},[60,37245,79],{"class":78},[60,37247,88],{"class":74},[60,37249,91],{"class":78},[60,37251,34214],{"class":82},[60,37253,79],{"class":78},[60,37255,108],{"class":74},[60,37257,37258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37259,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37261,37262,37264,37266,37268,37271,37273,37275,37277,37280],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37263,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37265,36815],{"class":66},[60,37267,88],{"class":74},[60,37269,37270],{"class":66}," fruit ",[60,37272,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37274,36825],{"class":142},[60,37276,130],{"class":74},[60,37278,37279],{"class":126},"fruits",[60,37281,9337],{"class":74},[60,37283,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37295],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37285,9064],{"class":142},[60,37287,130],{"class":74},[60,37289,36840],{"class":126},[60,37291,88],{"class":74},[60,37293,37294],{"class":126}," fruit",[60,37296,136],{"class":74},[20,37298,37299],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[51,37301,37303],{"className":53,"code":37302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,37304,37305,37325,37329,37347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37306,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37308,4629],{"class":66},[60,37310,71],{"class":70},[60,37312,75],{"class":74},[60,37314,1345],{"class":1402},[60,37316,88],{"class":74},[60,37318,1407],{"class":1402},[60,37320,88],{"class":74},[60,37322,8791],{"class":1402},[60,37324,108],{"class":74},[60,37326,37327],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37328,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37330,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37332,114],{"class":66},[60,37334,71],{"class":70},[60,37336,23553],{"class":1527},[60,37338,130],{"class":74},[60,37340,37032],{"class":142},[60,37342,130],{"class":74},[60,37344,4659],{"class":126},[60,37346,1042],{"class":74},[60,37348,37349,37351,37353,37355],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37350,143],{"class":142},[60,37352,130],{"class":74},[60,37354,148],{"class":126},[60,37356,136],{"class":74},[20,37358,153],{},[51,37360,37362],{"className":53,"code":37361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,37363,37364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37365,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37367,22735],{"class":74},[60,37369,3137],{"class":1402},[60,37371,88],{"class":74},[60,37373,7005],{"class":1402},[60,37375,10231],{"class":74},[60,37377,1776],{"class":74},[60,37379,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37381,88],{"class":74},[60,37383,1407],{"class":1402},[60,37385,10231],{"class":74},[60,37387,1776],{"class":74},[60,37389,1925],{"class":1402},[60,37391,88],{"class":74},[60,37393,8791],{"class":1402},[60,37395,10246],{"class":74},[20,37397,37398,37399,37401],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,37400,36743],{}," produces.",[46,37403,5963,37405],{"id":37404},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,37406,36743],{},[20,37408,171,37409,37411],{},[15,37410,36743],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,37413,37414],{},"Common cases:",[33,37416,37417,37420,37423,37426],{},[36,37418,37419],{},"printing numbered output",[36,37421,37422],{},"building menus",[36,37424,37425],{},"showing positions in a list",[36,37427,37428],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,37430,236],{},[51,37432,37434],{"className":53,"code":37433,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,37435,37436,37471,37475,37505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37437,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37449,37451,37453,37455,37458,37460,37462,37464,37467,37469],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37439,30891],{"class":66},[60,37441,71],{"class":70},[60,37443,75],{"class":74},[60,37445,79],{"class":78},[60,37447,37448],{"class":82},"Wash dishes",[60,37450,79],{"class":78},[60,37452,88],{"class":74},[60,37454,91],{"class":78},[60,37456,37457],{"class":82},"Study Python",[60,37459,79],{"class":78},[60,37461,88],{"class":74},[60,37463,91],{"class":78},[60,37465,37466],{"class":82},"Go for a walk",[60,37468,79],{"class":78},[60,37470,108],{"class":74},[60,37472,37473],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37474,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37476,37477,37479,37481,37483,37486,37488,37490,37492,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37478,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37480,3213],{"class":66},[60,37482,88],{"class":74},[60,37484,37485],{"class":66}," task ",[60,37487,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37489,36825],{"class":142},[60,37491,130],{"class":74},[60,37493,37494],{"class":126},"tasks",[60,37496,88],{"class":74},[60,37498,37041],{"class":10173},[60,37500,71],{"class":70},[60,37502,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37504,9337],{"class":74},[60,37506,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37528,37530,37532],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37508,9064],{"class":142},[60,37510,130],{"class":74},[60,37512,23288],{"class":3082},[60,37514,79],{"class":82},[60,37516,10275],{"class":1402},[60,37518,3255],{"class":126},[60,37520,23297],{"class":1402},[60,37522,29307],{"class":82},[60,37524,10275],{"class":1402},[60,37526,37527],{"class":126},"task",[60,37529,23297],{"class":1402},[60,37531,79],{"class":82},[60,37533,136],{"class":74},[20,37535,153],{},[51,37537,37539],{"className":53,"code":37538,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,37540,37541,37553,37565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37542,37543,37545,37547,37550],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37544,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37546,123],{"class":74},[60,37548,37549],{"class":25743}," Wash",[60,37551,37552],{"class":66}," dishes\n",[60,37554,37555,37557,37559,37562],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37556,1925],{"class":1402},[60,37558,123],{"class":74},[60,37560,37561],{"class":25743}," Study",[60,37563,37564],{"class":66}," Python\n",[60,37566,37567,37569,37571,37574,37576],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37568,3079],{"class":1402},[60,37570,123],{"class":74},[60,37572,37573],{"class":25743}," Go",[60,37575,2666],{"class":2665},[60,37577,37578],{"class":66}," a walk\n",[20,37580,37581,37582,37584,37585,123],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,37583,36743],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,37586,37587],{},"range(len(...))",[20,37589,37590,37591,123],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[551,37592,37594,37595,37597],{"href":37593},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,37596,36743],{}," in Python",[46,37599,37601,37602,37604],{"id":37600},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,37603,37062],{}," argument",[20,37606,37607,37608,37610],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,37609,37062],{}," argument.",[20,37612,37613,37614,2600,37616,3901],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,37615,1432],{},[15,37617,3137],{},[51,37619,37621],{"className":53,"code":37620,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,37622,37623,37655,37659,37687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37624,37625,37627,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37626,1070],{"class":66},[60,37628,71],{"class":70},[60,37630,75],{"class":74},[60,37632,79],{"class":78},[60,37634,254],{"class":82},[60,37636,79],{"class":78},[60,37638,88],{"class":74},[60,37640,91],{"class":78},[60,37642,263],{"class":82},[60,37644,79],{"class":78},[60,37646,88],{"class":74},[60,37648,91],{"class":78},[60,37650,272],{"class":82},[60,37652,79],{"class":78},[60,37654,108],{"class":74},[60,37656,37657],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37658,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37660,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37662,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37664,36815],{"class":66},[60,37666,88],{"class":74},[60,37668,36820],{"class":66},[60,37670,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37672,36825],{"class":142},[60,37674,130],{"class":74},[60,37676,1119],{"class":126},[60,37678,88],{"class":74},[60,37680,37041],{"class":10173},[60,37682,71],{"class":70},[60,37684,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37686,9337],{"class":74},[60,37688,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37690,9064],{"class":142},[60,37692,130],{"class":74},[60,37694,36840],{"class":126},[60,37696,88],{"class":74},[60,37698,36845],{"class":126},[60,37700,136],{"class":74},[20,37702,153],{},[51,37704,37706],{"className":53,"code":37705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,37707,37708,37714,37720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37709,37710,37712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37711,1432],{"class":1402},[60,37713,36861],{"class":66},[60,37715,37716,37718],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37717,1925],{"class":1402},[60,37719,1142],{"class":66},[60,37721,37722,37724],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37723,3079],{"class":1402},[60,37725,348],{"class":66},[20,37727,37728],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,37730,37731],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[46,37733,26351],{"id":26350},[20,37735,26354,37736,123],{},[15,37737,36743],{},[415,37739,37741],{"id":37740},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,37743,37744],{},"In this loop:",[51,37746,37748],{"className":53,"code":37747,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,37749,37750,37770,37774,37794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37751,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37753,4629],{"class":66},[60,37755,71],{"class":70},[60,37757,75],{"class":74},[60,37759,1345],{"class":1402},[60,37761,88],{"class":74},[60,37763,1407],{"class":1402},[60,37765,88],{"class":74},[60,37767,8791],{"class":1402},[60,37769,108],{"class":74},[60,37771,37772],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37773,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37775,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37777,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37779,36815],{"class":66},[60,37781,88],{"class":74},[60,37783,22579],{"class":66},[60,37785,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37787,36825],{"class":142},[60,37789,130],{"class":74},[60,37791,4659],{"class":126},[60,37793,9337],{"class":74},[60,37795,37796,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37797,9064],{"class":142},[60,37799,130],{"class":74},[60,37801,36840],{"class":126},[60,37803,88],{"class":74},[60,37805,9429],{"class":126},[60,37807,136],{"class":74},[33,37809,37810,37820],{},[36,37811,37812,5785,37814,287,37816,287,37818],{},[15,37813,36840],{},[15,37815,3137],{},[15,37817,1432],{},[15,37819,1925],{},[36,37821,37822,5785,37824,287,37826,287,37828],{},[15,37823,3487],{},[15,37825,1345],{},[15,37827,1354],{},[15,37829,1363],{},[20,37831,37832],{},"These are different things.",[415,37834,37836],{"id":37835},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37838,37839,37840,37842],{},"Each item from ",[15,37841,36743],{}," is a pair.",[20,37844,7686],{},[51,37846,37848],{"className":53,"code":37847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37849,37850,37874,37878,37898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37851,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37853,664],{"class":66},[60,37855,71],{"class":70},[60,37857,75],{"class":74},[60,37859,79],{"class":78},[60,37861,3191],{"class":82},[60,37863,79],{"class":78},[60,37865,88],{"class":74},[60,37867,91],{"class":78},[60,37869,785],{"class":82},[60,37871,79],{"class":78},[60,37873,108],{"class":74},[60,37875,37876],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37877,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37879,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37881,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37883,37118],{"class":66},[60,37885,88],{"class":74},[60,37887,2669],{"class":66},[60,37889,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37891,36825],{"class":142},[60,37893,130],{"class":74},[60,37895,716],{"class":126},[60,37897,9337],{"class":74},[60,37899,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908,37910],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37901,9064],{"class":142},[60,37903,130],{"class":74},[60,37905,37142],{"class":126},[60,37907,88],{"class":74},[60,37909,30500],{"class":126},[60,37911,136],{"class":74},[20,37913,37914],{},"But this causes an error:",[51,37916,37918],{"className":53,"code":37917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37919,37920,37944,37948,37973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,37921,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,37923,664],{"class":66},[60,37925,71],{"class":70},[60,37927,75],{"class":74},[60,37929,79],{"class":78},[60,37931,3191],{"class":82},[60,37933,79],{"class":78},[60,37935,88],{"class":74},[60,37937,91],{"class":78},[60,37939,785],{"class":82},[60,37941,79],{"class":78},[60,37943,108],{"class":74},[60,37945,37946],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,37947,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,37949,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,37951,6960],{"class":2665},[60,37953,37118],{"class":66},[60,37955,88],{"class":74},[60,37957,30500],{"class":66},[60,37959,88],{"class":74},[60,37961,37962],{"class":66}," extra ",[60,37964,2672],{"class":2665},[60,37966,36825],{"class":142},[60,37968,130],{"class":74},[60,37970,716],{"class":126},[60,37972,9337],{"class":74},[60,37974,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37990],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,37976,9064],{"class":142},[60,37978,130],{"class":74},[60,37980,37142],{"class":126},[60,37982,88],{"class":74},[60,37984,30500],{"class":126},[60,37986,88],{"class":74},[60,37988,37989],{"class":126}," extra",[60,37991,136],{"class":74},[20,37993,30054,37994,37996],{},[15,37995,36743],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[415,37998,38000,38002],{"id":37999},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,38001,36743],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,38004,38005],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,38007,38008],{},"Example with a string:",[51,38010,38012],{"className":53,"code":38011,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,38013,38014,38040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38015,38016,38018,38020,38022,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38036,38038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38017,6960],{"class":2665},[60,38019,36815],{"class":66},[60,38021,88],{"class":74},[60,38023,38024],{"class":66}," char ",[60,38026,2672],{"class":2665},[60,38028,36825],{"class":142},[60,38030,130],{"class":74},[60,38032,79],{"class":78},[60,38034,38035],{"class":82},"cat",[60,38037,79],{"class":78},[60,38039,9337],{"class":74},[60,38041,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38053],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38043,9064],{"class":142},[60,38045,130],{"class":74},[60,38047,36840],{"class":126},[60,38049,88],{"class":74},[60,38051,38052],{"class":126}," char",[60,38054,136],{"class":74},[20,38056,153],{},[51,38058,38060],{"className":53,"code":38059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,38061,38062,38068,38074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38063,38064,38066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38065,3137],{"class":1402},[60,38067,37177],{"class":66},[60,38069,38070,38072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38071,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38073,37163],{"class":66},[60,38075,38076,38078],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38077,1925],{"class":1402},[60,38079,38080],{"class":66}," t\n",[20,38082,38083,38084,123],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[551,38085,6137],{"href":6588},[415,38087,38089],{"id":38088},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,38091,38092,38093,123],{},"You do not always need ",[15,38094,36743],{},[20,38096,38097,38098,38100],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,38099,6960],{}," loop:",[51,38102,38104],{"className":53,"code":38103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,38105,38106,38138,38142,38154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38107,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38109,1070],{"class":66},[60,38111,71],{"class":70},[60,38113,75],{"class":74},[60,38115,79],{"class":78},[60,38117,254],{"class":82},[60,38119,79],{"class":78},[60,38121,88],{"class":74},[60,38123,91],{"class":78},[60,38125,263],{"class":82},[60,38127,79],{"class":78},[60,38129,88],{"class":74},[60,38131,91],{"class":78},[60,38133,272],{"class":82},[60,38135,79],{"class":78},[60,38137,108],{"class":74},[60,38139,38140],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38141,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,38143,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38145,6960],{"class":2665},[60,38147,36820],{"class":66},[60,38149,2672],{"class":2665},[60,38151,14115],{"class":66},[60,38153,7392],{"class":74},[60,38155,38156,38158,38160,38162],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,38157,9064],{"class":142},[60,38159,130],{"class":74},[60,38161,33884],{"class":126},[60,38163,136],{"class":74},[20,38165,38166],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[46,38168,3845],{"id":3844},[20,38170,38171],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[33,38173,38174,38179,38185,38190],{},[36,38175,24094,38176,38178],{},[15,38177,36743],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[36,38180,38181,38182,38184],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,38183,3137],{}," by default",[36,38186,9413,38187,38189],{},[15,38188,36743],{}," when only values are needed",[36,38191,38192,38193,9702,38195],{},"Confusing ",[15,38194,36743],{},[15,38196,37186],{},[20,38198,38199],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[51,38201,38203],{"className":53,"code":38202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,38204,38205,38227,38253,38287,38320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38206,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38208,143],{"class":142},[60,38210,130],{"class":74},[60,38212,37032],{"class":142},[60,38214,2652],{"class":74},[60,38216,1345],{"class":1402},[60,38218,88],{"class":74},[60,38220,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38222,88],{"class":74},[60,38224,8791],{"class":1402},[60,38226,2718],{"class":74},[60,38228,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245,38247,38249,38251],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38230,143],{"class":142},[60,38232,130],{"class":74},[60,38234,9089],{"class":1527},[60,38236,130],{"class":74},[60,38238,37032],{"class":142},[60,38240,2652],{"class":74},[60,38242,1345],{"class":1402},[60,38244,88],{"class":74},[60,38246,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38248,88],{"class":74},[60,38250,8791],{"class":1402},[60,38252,2759],{"class":74},[60,38254,38255,38257,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38256,143],{"class":142},[60,38258,130],{"class":74},[60,38260,9089],{"class":1527},[60,38262,130],{"class":74},[60,38264,37032],{"class":142},[60,38266,2652],{"class":74},[60,38268,1345],{"class":1402},[60,38270,88],{"class":74},[60,38272,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38274,88],{"class":74},[60,38276,8791],{"class":1402},[60,38278,19055],{"class":74},[60,38280,37041],{"class":10173},[60,38282,71],{"class":70},[60,38284,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38286,1992],{"class":74},[60,38288,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,38290,6960],{"class":2665},[60,38292,37118],{"class":66},[60,38294,88],{"class":74},[60,38296,22579],{"class":66},[60,38298,2672],{"class":2665},[60,38300,36825],{"class":142},[60,38302,2652],{"class":74},[60,38304,356],{"class":78},[60,38306,551],{"class":82},[60,38308,356],{"class":78},[60,38310,88],{"class":74},[60,38312,365],{"class":78},[60,38314,2258],{"class":82},[60,38316,356],{"class":78},[60,38318,38319],{"class":74},"]):\n",[60,38321,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,38323,9064],{"class":142},[60,38325,130],{"class":74},[60,38327,37142],{"class":126},[60,38329,88],{"class":74},[60,38331,9429],{"class":126},[60,38333,136],{"class":74},[20,38335,17952],{},[51,38337,38339],{"className":53,"code":38338,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,38340,38341,38361,38393,38425,38431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38342,38343,38345,38347,38349,38352,38356,38359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38344,4304],{"class":70},[60,38346,37032],{"class":142},[60,38348,25610],{"class":1527},[60,38350,38351],{"class":66}," at ",[60,38353,38355],{"class":38354},"srjyR","0x",[60,38357,38358],{"class":1313},"...",[60,38360,4316],{"class":70},[60,38362,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38364,22735],{"class":74},[60,38366,3137],{"class":1402},[60,38368,88],{"class":74},[60,38370,7005],{"class":1402},[60,38372,10231],{"class":74},[60,38374,1776],{"class":74},[60,38376,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38378,88],{"class":74},[60,38380,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38382,10231],{"class":74},[60,38384,1776],{"class":74},[60,38386,1925],{"class":1402},[60,38388,88],{"class":74},[60,38390,8791],{"class":1402},[60,38392,10246],{"class":74},[60,38394,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38396,22735],{"class":74},[60,38398,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38400,88],{"class":74},[60,38402,7005],{"class":1402},[60,38404,10231],{"class":74},[60,38406,1776],{"class":74},[60,38408,1925],{"class":1402},[60,38410,88],{"class":74},[60,38412,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38414,10231],{"class":74},[60,38416,1776],{"class":74},[60,38418,3079],{"class":1402},[60,38420,88],{"class":74},[60,38422,8791],{"class":1402},[60,38424,10246],{"class":74},[60,38426,38427,38429],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,38428,3137],{"class":1402},[60,38430,37163],{"class":66},[60,38432,38433,38435],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,38434,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38436,37170],{"class":66},[46,38438,2804],{"id":2803},[415,38440,2846,38442,6145],{"id":38441},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,38443,36743],{},[20,38445,38446],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[415,38448,2808,38450,38452],{"id":38449},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,38451,36743],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,38454,38455,38456,38458,38459,38462],{},"It starts at ",[15,38457,3137],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,38460,38461],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[415,38464,22415,38466,2600,38468,2863],{"id":38465},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,38467,36743],{},[15,38469,38470],{},"range(len(list))",[20,38472,37581,38473,38475],{},[15,38474,36743],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[415,38477,6170,38479,38481],{"id":38478},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,38480,36743],{}," be used with strings?",[20,38483,38484,38485,38487],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,38486,36743],{}," can return each character with its index.",[46,38489,2870],{"id":2869},[33,38491,38492,38496,38502,38509],{},[36,38493,38494],{},[551,38495,37018],{"href":37017},[36,38497,38498],{},[551,38499,163,38500,1579],{"href":37183},[15,38501,37186],{},[36,38503,38504],{},[551,38505,38506,38507,37597],{"href":37593},"How to use ",[15,38508,36743],{},[36,38510,38511],{},[551,38512,6217],{"href":6588},[2912,38514,38515],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":38517},[38518,38519,38521,38522,38524,38526,38528,38535,38536,38546],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":36881,"depth":111,"text":38520},"What enumerate() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":37189,"depth":111,"text":38523},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":37404,"depth":111,"text":38525},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":37600,"depth":111,"text":38527},"Using the start argument",{"id":26350,"depth":111,"text":26351,"children":38529},[38530,38531,38532,38534],{"id":37740,"depth":139,"text":37741},{"id":37835,"depth":139,"text":37836},{"id":37999,"depth":139,"text":38533},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":38088,"depth":139,"text":38089},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":38537},[38538,38540,38542,38544],{"id":38441,"depth":139,"text":38539},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":38449,"depth":139,"text":38541},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":38465,"depth":139,"text":38543},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":38478,"depth":139,"text":38545},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36735,"description":38547},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":38554,"title":38555,"body":38556,"description":41069,"extension":2980,"meta":41070,"navigation":304,"path":41071,"seo":41072,"stem":41073,"__hash__":41074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":38557,"toc":41026},[38558,38564,38569,38572,38580,38594,38596,38687,38695,38700,38705,38707,38723,38725,38804,38806,38823,38829,38833,38835,38856,38860,38863,38875,38879,38882,38885,38902,38905,38981,38983,39000,39005,39009,39017,39020,39035,39037,39126,39128,39173,39176,39180,39183,39262,39264,39286,39289,39296,39301,39304,39407,39409,39434,39437,39444,39450,39455,39458,39469,39575,39577,39598,39606,39613,39619,39638,39643,39646,39665,39667,39752,39754,39783,39786,39791,39796,39799,39810,39812,39901,39903,39923,39929,40035,40037,40057,40060,40144,40146,40166,40173,40175,40179,40185,40188,40245,40248,40250,40311,40320,40323,40326,40354,40357,40417,40419,40436,40440,40443,40521,40523,40543,40546,40621,40625,40628,40630,40639,40644,40646,40697,40705,40717,40722,40783,40785,40802,40806,40868,40870,40895,40903,40905,40911,40917,40924,40932,40938,40941,40947,40957,40963,40969,40972,40989,40995,40997,41023],[10,38559,163,38561,4591],{"id":38560},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,38562,38563],{},"filter()",[20,38565,38566,38568],{},[15,38567,38563],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,38570,38571],{},"It takes:",[33,38573,38574,38577],{},[36,38575,38576],{},"a function that checks each item",[36,38578,38579],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,38581,38582,38583,38586,38587,38590,38591,38593],{},"The result is ",[4753,38584,38585],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,38588,38589],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,38592,25774],{}," to see the values.",[46,38595,3022],{"id":3021},[51,38597,38599],{"className":53,"code":38598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38600,38601,38634,38670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38602,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38632],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38604,4629],{"class":66},[60,38606,71],{"class":70},[60,38608,75],{"class":74},[60,38610,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38612,88],{"class":74},[60,38614,1437],{"class":1402},[60,38616,88],{"class":74},[60,38618,1442],{"class":1402},[60,38620,88],{"class":74},[60,38622,3471],{"class":1402},[60,38624,88],{"class":74},[60,38626,5606],{"class":1402},[60,38628,88],{"class":74},[60,38630,38631],{"class":1402}," 6",[60,38633,108],{"class":74},[60,38635,38636,38638,38640,38643,38645,38648,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38637,114],{"class":66},[60,38639,71],{"class":70},[60,38641,38642],{"class":142}," filter",[60,38644,130],{"class":74},[60,38646,38647],{"class":3082},"lambda",[60,38649,38651],{"class":38650},"sFwrP"," x",[60,38653,3901],{"class":74},[60,38655,4886],{"class":126},[60,38657,7402],{"class":70},[60,38659,1437],{"class":1402},[60,38661,7407],{"class":70},[60,38663,4843],{"class":1402},[60,38665,88],{"class":74},[60,38667,5264],{"class":126},[60,38669,136],{"class":74},[60,38671,38672,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38673,143],{"class":142},[60,38675,130],{"class":74},[60,38677,9089],{"class":1527},[60,38679,130],{"class":74},[60,38681,148],{"class":126},[60,38683,6362],{"class":74},[60,38685,38686],{"class":4674},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,38688,38689,38691,38692,38694],{},[15,38690,38563],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,38693,25774],{}," to see the results.",[46,38696,178,38698,181],{"id":38697},"what-filter-does",[15,38699,38563],{},[20,38701,38702,38704],{},[15,38703,38563],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,38706,3124],{},[33,38708,38709,38712,38718],{},[36,38710,38711],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[36,38713,38714,38715,38717],{},"if the test returns ",[15,38716,4616],{},", the item is kept",[36,38719,38714,38720,38722],{},[15,38721,4685],{},", the item is removed",[20,38724,236],{},[51,38726,38728],{"className":53,"code":38727,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38729,38730,38758,38762,38790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38731,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38733,4629],{"class":66},[60,38735,71],{"class":70},[60,38737,75],{"class":74},[60,38739,1432],{"class":1402},[60,38741,88],{"class":74},[60,38743,1437],{"class":1402},[60,38745,88],{"class":74},[60,38747,1442],{"class":1402},[60,38749,88],{"class":74},[60,38751,3471],{"class":1402},[60,38753,88],{"class":74},[60,38755,5606],{"class":1402},[60,38757,108],{"class":74},[60,38759,38760],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38761,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,38763,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38765,114],{"class":66},[60,38767,71],{"class":70},[60,38769,38642],{"class":142},[60,38771,130],{"class":74},[60,38773,38647],{"class":3082},[60,38775,38651],{"class":38650},[60,38777,3901],{"class":74},[60,38779,4886],{"class":126},[60,38781,5253],{"class":70},[60,38783,1442],{"class":1402},[60,38785,88],{"class":74},[60,38787,5264],{"class":126},[60,38789,136],{"class":74},[60,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,38793,143],{"class":142},[60,38795,130],{"class":74},[60,38797,9089],{"class":1527},[60,38799,130],{"class":74},[60,38801,148],{"class":126},[60,38803,1042],{"class":74},[20,38805,153],{},[51,38807,38809],{"className":53,"code":38808,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38810,38811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38812,38813,38815,38817,38819,38821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38814,353],{"class":74},[60,38816,3519],{"class":1402},[60,38818,88],{"class":74},[60,38820,5606],{"class":1402},[60,38822,108],{"class":74},[20,38824,38825,38826,38828],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38827,3079],{}," are kept.",[46,38830,38832],{"id":38831},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38834,3177],{},[51,38836,38838],{"className":53,"code":38837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38839,38840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38841,38842,38844,38846,38849,38851,38854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38843,38589],{"class":142},[60,38845,130],{"class":74},[60,38847,38848],{"class":126},"function",[60,38850,88],{"class":74},[60,38852,38853],{"class":126}," iterable",[60,38855,136],{"class":74},[415,38857,38858],{"id":38848},[15,38859,38848],{},[20,38861,38862],{},"This is the test function.",[33,38864,38865,38868],{},[36,38866,38867],{},"It receives one item at a time",[36,38869,38870,38871,3894,38873],{},"It should return ",[15,38872,4616],{},[15,38874,4685],{},[415,38876,38877],{"id":411},[15,38878,411],{},[20,38880,38881],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38883,38884],{},"It can be:",[33,38886,38887,38890,38893,38896,38899],{},[36,38888,38889],{},"a list",[36,38891,38892],{},"a tuple",[36,38894,38895],{},"a string",[36,38897,38898],{},"a set",[36,38900,38901],{},"another iterable object",[20,38903,38904],{},"Example with a tuple:",[51,38906,38908],{"className":53,"code":38907,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38909,38910,38935,38939,38967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38911,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38913,4629],{"class":66},[60,38915,71],{"class":70},[60,38917,1776],{"class":74},[60,38919,1345],{"class":1402},[60,38921,88],{"class":74},[60,38923,38924],{"class":1402}," 15",[60,38926,88],{"class":74},[60,38928,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38930,88],{"class":74},[60,38932,10303],{"class":1402},[60,38934,136],{"class":74},[60,38936,38937],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,38938,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,38940,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,38942,114],{"class":66},[60,38944,71],{"class":70},[60,38946,38642],{"class":142},[60,38948,130],{"class":74},[60,38950,38647],{"class":3082},[60,38952,38651],{"class":38650},[60,38954,3901],{"class":74},[60,38956,4886],{"class":126},[60,38958,6099],{"class":70},[60,38960,1407],{"class":1402},[60,38962,88],{"class":74},[60,38964,5264],{"class":126},[60,38966,136],{"class":74},[60,38968,38969,38971,38973,38975,38977,38979],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,38970,143],{"class":142},[60,38972,130],{"class":74},[60,38974,9089],{"class":1527},[60,38976,130],{"class":74},[60,38978,148],{"class":126},[60,38980,1042],{"class":74},[20,38982,153],{},[51,38984,38986],{"className":53,"code":38985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38987,38988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,38989,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,38991,353],{"class":74},[60,38993,1354],{"class":1402},[60,38995,88],{"class":74},[60,38997,10303],{"class":1402},[60,38999,108],{"class":74},[20,39001,39002,39003,123],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[551,39004,6137],{"href":6588},[46,39006,39008],{"id":39007},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,39010,39011,39012,22970,39014,123],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,39013,38563],{},[4753,39015,39016],{},"filter object",[20,39018,39019],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[33,39021,39022,39025,39030],{},[36,39023,39024],{},"loop through it",[36,39026,39027,39028],{},"convert it with ",[15,39029,25774],{},[36,39031,39027,39032],{},[15,39033,39034],{},"tuple()",[20,39036,236],{},[51,39038,39040],{"className":53,"code":39039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39041,39042,39084,39088,39098,39112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39043,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39045,114],{"class":66},[60,39047,71],{"class":70},[60,39049,38642],{"class":142},[60,39051,130],{"class":74},[60,39053,38647],{"class":3082},[60,39055,38651],{"class":38650},[60,39057,3901],{"class":74},[60,39059,4886],{"class":126},[60,39061,5253],{"class":70},[60,39063,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39065,88],{"class":74},[60,39067,75],{"class":74},[60,39069,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39071,88],{"class":74},[60,39073,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39075,88],{"class":74},[60,39077,1442],{"class":1402},[60,39079,88],{"class":74},[60,39081,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39083,2677],{"class":74},[60,39085,39086],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39087,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39089,39090,39092,39094,39096],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39091,143],{"class":142},[60,39093,130],{"class":74},[60,39095,148],{"class":126},[60,39097,136],{"class":74},[60,39099,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39101,143],{"class":142},[60,39103,130],{"class":74},[60,39105,2629],{"class":1527},[60,39107,130],{"class":74},[60,39109,148],{"class":126},[60,39111,1042],{"class":74},[60,39113,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,39115,143],{"class":142},[60,39117,130],{"class":74},[60,39119,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39121,130],{"class":74},[60,39123,148],{"class":126},[60,39125,1042],{"class":74},[20,39127,153],{},[51,39129,39131],{"className":53,"code":39130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,39132,39133,39147,39161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39134,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39136,4304],{"class":70},[60,39138,38589],{"class":142},[60,39140,25610],{"class":1527},[60,39142,38351],{"class":66},[60,39144,38358],{"class":1313},[60,39146,4316],{"class":70},[60,39148,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39150,4304],{"class":70},[60,39152,4307],{"class":3082},[60,39154,365],{"class":78},[60,39156,38589],{"class":82},[60,39158,356],{"class":78},[60,39160,4316],{"class":70},[60,39162,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39164,353],{"class":74},[60,39166,3079],{"class":1402},[60,39168,88],{"class":74},[60,39170,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39172,108],{"class":74},[20,39174,39175],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[415,39177,39179],{"id":39178},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,39181,39182],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[51,39184,39186],{"className":53,"code":39185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39187,39188,39230,39234,39248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39189,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39191,114],{"class":66},[60,39193,71],{"class":70},[60,39195,38642],{"class":142},[60,39197,130],{"class":74},[60,39199,38647],{"class":3082},[60,39201,38651],{"class":38650},[60,39203,3901],{"class":74},[60,39205,4886],{"class":126},[60,39207,5253],{"class":70},[60,39209,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39211,88],{"class":74},[60,39213,75],{"class":74},[60,39215,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39217,88],{"class":74},[60,39219,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39221,88],{"class":74},[60,39223,1442],{"class":1402},[60,39225,88],{"class":74},[60,39227,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39229,2677],{"class":74},[60,39231,39232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39233,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39235,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39237,143],{"class":142},[60,39239,130],{"class":74},[60,39241,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39243,130],{"class":74},[60,39245,148],{"class":126},[60,39247,1042],{"class":74},[60,39249,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39251,143],{"class":142},[60,39253,130],{"class":74},[60,39255,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39257,130],{"class":74},[60,39259,148],{"class":126},[60,39261,1042],{"class":74},[20,39263,153],{},[51,39265,39267],{"className":53,"code":39266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,39268,39269,39281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39270,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39272,353],{"class":74},[60,39274,3079],{"class":1402},[60,39276,88],{"class":74},[60,39278,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39280,108],{"class":74},[60,39282,39283],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39284,39285],{"class":74},"[]\n",[20,39287,39288],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[46,39290,9413,39292,9702,39294],{"id":39291},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,39293,38563],{},[15,39295,38647],{},[20,39297,16182,39298,39300],{},[15,39299,38647],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,39302,39303],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[51,39305,39307],{"className":53,"code":39306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39308,39309,39351,39355,39393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39310,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39347,39349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39312,67],{"class":66},[60,39314,71],{"class":70},[60,39316,75],{"class":74},[60,39318,79],{"class":78},[60,39320,1604],{"class":82},[60,39322,79],{"class":78},[60,39324,88],{"class":74},[60,39326,91],{"class":78},[60,39328,39329],{"class":82},"kiwi",[60,39331,79],{"class":78},[60,39333,88],{"class":74},[60,39335,91],{"class":78},[60,39337,1619],{"class":82},[60,39339,79],{"class":78},[60,39341,88],{"class":74},[60,39343,91],{"class":78},[60,39345,39346],{"class":82},"fig",[60,39348,79],{"class":78},[60,39350,108],{"class":74},[60,39352,39353],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39354,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39356,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367,39370,39372,39375,39377,39380,39382,39385,39387,39389,39391],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39358,114],{"class":66},[60,39360,71],{"class":70},[60,39362,38642],{"class":142},[60,39364,130],{"class":74},[60,39366,38647],{"class":3082},[60,39368,39369],{"class":38650}," word",[60,39371,3901],{"class":74},[60,39373,39374],{"class":142}," len",[60,39376,130],{"class":74},[60,39378,39379],{"class":126},"word",[60,39381,2662],{"class":74},[60,39383,39384],{"class":70}," >",[60,39386,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39388,88],{"class":74},[60,39390,2058],{"class":126},[60,39392,136],{"class":74},[60,39394,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39396,143],{"class":142},[60,39398,130],{"class":74},[60,39400,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39402,130],{"class":74},[60,39404,148],{"class":126},[60,39406,1042],{"class":74},[20,39408,153],{},[51,39410,39412],{"className":53,"code":39411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,39413,39414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39415,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39417,353],{"class":74},[60,39419,356],{"class":78},[60,39421,1604],{"class":82},[60,39423,356],{"class":78},[60,39425,88],{"class":74},[60,39427,365],{"class":78},[60,39429,1619],{"class":82},[60,39431,356],{"class":78},[60,39433,108],{"class":74},[20,39435,39436],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,39438,39439,39440,123],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[551,39441,39443],{"href":39442},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[46,39445,9413,39447,39449],{"id":39446},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,39448,38563],{}," with a named function",[20,39451,39452,39453,123],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,39454,38647],{},[20,39456,39457],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[33,39459,39460,39463,39466],{},[36,39461,39462],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[36,39464,39465],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[36,39467,39468],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[51,39470,39472],{"className":53,"code":39471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39473,39474,39487,39502,39506,39538,39557,39561],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39475,39476,39478,39481,39483,39485],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39477,35845],{"class":3082},[60,39479,39480],{"class":35848}," is_even",[60,39482,130],{"class":74},[60,39484,3255],{"class":38650},[60,39486,9337],{"class":74},[60,39488,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39490,35856],{"class":2665},[60,39492,7385],{"class":66},[60,39494,7402],{"class":70},[60,39496,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39498,7407],{"class":70},[60,39500,39501],{"class":1402}," 0\n",[60,39503,39504],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39505,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39507,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39509,4629],{"class":66},[60,39511,71],{"class":70},[60,39513,75],{"class":74},[60,39515,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39517,88],{"class":74},[60,39519,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39521,88],{"class":74},[60,39523,1442],{"class":1402},[60,39525,88],{"class":74},[60,39527,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39529,88],{"class":74},[60,39531,5606],{"class":1402},[60,39533,88],{"class":74},[60,39535,38631],{"class":1402},[60,39537,108],{"class":74},[60,39539,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39551,39553,39555],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,39541,114],{"class":66},[60,39543,71],{"class":70},[60,39545,38642],{"class":142},[60,39547,130],{"class":74},[60,39549,39550],{"class":126},"is_even",[60,39552,88],{"class":74},[60,39554,5264],{"class":126},[60,39556,136],{"class":74},[60,39558,39559],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,39560,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39562,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,39564,143],{"class":142},[60,39566,130],{"class":74},[60,39568,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39570,130],{"class":74},[60,39572,148],{"class":126},[60,39574,1042],{"class":74},[20,39576,153],{},[51,39578,39580],{"className":53,"code":39579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,39581,39582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39583,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39585,353],{"class":74},[60,39587,1925],{"class":1402},[60,39589,88],{"class":74},[60,39591,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39593,88],{"class":74},[60,39595,38631],{"class":1402},[60,39597,108],{"class":74},[20,39599,21765,39600,3412,39603,39605],{},[15,39601,39602],{},"is_even()",[15,39604,4616],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[46,39607,9413,39609,9702,39611],{"id":39608},"using-none-with-filter",[15,39610,1585],{},[15,39612,38563],{},[20,39614,39615,39616,39618],{},"You can pass ",[15,39617,1585],{}," as the first argument:",[51,39620,39622],{"className":53,"code":39621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,39623,39624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39625,39626,39628,39630,39632,39634,39636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39627,38589],{"class":142},[60,39629,130],{"class":74},[60,39631,1585],{"class":1611},[60,39633,88],{"class":74},[60,39635,38853],{"class":126},[60,39637,136],{"class":74},[20,39639,39640,39641,8337],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[4753,39642,6598],{},[20,39644,39645],{},"Falsy values include:",[33,39647,39648,39652,39657,39661],{},[36,39649,39650],{},[15,39651,3137],{},[36,39653,39654,39656],{},[15,39655,4784],{}," (empty string)",[36,39658,39659],{},[15,39660,1585],{},[36,39662,39663],{},[15,39664,4685],{},[20,39666,236],{},[51,39668,39670],{"className":53,"code":39669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39671,39672,39716,39720,39738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39673,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39675,664],{"class":66},[60,39677,71],{"class":70},[60,39679,75],{"class":74},[60,39681,3137],{"class":1402},[60,39683,88],{"class":74},[60,39685,6499],{"class":1402},[60,39687,88],{"class":74},[60,39689,834],{"class":78},[60,39691,88],{"class":74},[60,39693,91],{"class":78},[60,39695,1008],{"class":82},[60,39697,79],{"class":78},[60,39699,88],{"class":74},[60,39701,1612],{"class":1611},[60,39703,88],{"class":74},[60,39705,4919],{"class":1611},[60,39707,88],{"class":74},[60,39709,4910],{"class":1611},[60,39711,88],{"class":74},[60,39713,5606],{"class":1402},[60,39715,108],{"class":74},[60,39717,39718],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39719,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39721,39722,39724,39726,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39723,114],{"class":66},[60,39725,71],{"class":70},[60,39727,38642],{"class":142},[60,39729,130],{"class":74},[60,39731,1585],{"class":1611},[60,39733,88],{"class":74},[60,39735,1989],{"class":126},[60,39737,136],{"class":74},[60,39739,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39741,143],{"class":142},[60,39743,130],{"class":74},[60,39745,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39747,130],{"class":74},[60,39749,148],{"class":126},[60,39751,1042],{"class":74},[20,39753,153],{},[51,39755,39757],{"className":53,"code":39756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,39758,39759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39762,353],{"class":74},[60,39764,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39766,88],{"class":74},[60,39768,365],{"class":78},[60,39770,1008],{"class":82},[60,39772,356],{"class":78},[60,39774,88],{"class":74},[60,39776,4919],{"class":1611},[60,39778,88],{"class":74},[60,39780,5606],{"class":1402},[60,39782,108],{"class":74},[20,39784,39785],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[46,39787,5963,39789],{"id":39788},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39790,38563],{},[20,39792,171,39793,39795],{},[15,39794,38563],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39797,39798],{},"It works well for:",[33,39800,39801,39804,39807],{},[36,39802,39803],{},"simple filtering rules",[36,39805,39806],{},"quick data cleaning",[36,39808,39809],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39811,236],{},[51,39813,39815],{"className":53,"code":39814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39816,39817,39849,39882,39886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39818,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39820,4629],{"class":66},[60,39822,71],{"class":70},[60,39824,75],{"class":74},[60,39826,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39828,88],{"class":74},[60,39830,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39832,88],{"class":74},[60,39834,1442],{"class":1402},[60,39836,88],{"class":74},[60,39838,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39840,88],{"class":74},[60,39842,5606],{"class":1402},[60,39844,88],{"class":74},[60,39846,38631],{"class":1402},[60,39848,108],{"class":74},[60,39850,39851,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39852,39853],{"class":66},"evens ",[60,39855,71],{"class":70},[60,39857,38642],{"class":142},[60,39859,130],{"class":74},[60,39861,38647],{"class":3082},[60,39863,38651],{"class":38650},[60,39865,3901],{"class":74},[60,39867,4886],{"class":126},[60,39869,7402],{"class":70},[60,39871,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39873,7407],{"class":70},[60,39875,4843],{"class":1402},[60,39877,88],{"class":74},[60,39879,5264],{"class":126},[60,39881,136],{"class":74},[60,39883,39884],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39885,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39887,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39899],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39889,143],{"class":142},[60,39891,130],{"class":74},[60,39893,9089],{"class":1527},[60,39895,130],{"class":74},[60,39897,39898],{"class":126},"evens",[60,39900,1042],{"class":74},[20,39902,153],{},[51,39904,39905],{"className":53,"code":39579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,39906,39907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39908,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39910,353],{"class":74},[60,39912,1925],{"class":1402},[60,39914,88],{"class":74},[60,39916,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39918,88],{"class":74},[60,39920,38631],{"class":1402},[60,39922,108],{"class":74},[20,39924,39925,39926,39928],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39927,6960],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[51,39930,39932],{"className":53,"code":39931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39933,39934,39966,39974,39978,39990,40006,40021,40025],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,39935,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,39937,4629],{"class":66},[60,39939,71],{"class":70},[60,39941,75],{"class":74},[60,39943,1432],{"class":1402},[60,39945,88],{"class":74},[60,39947,1437],{"class":1402},[60,39949,88],{"class":74},[60,39951,1442],{"class":1402},[60,39953,88],{"class":74},[60,39955,3471],{"class":1402},[60,39957,88],{"class":74},[60,39959,5606],{"class":1402},[60,39961,88],{"class":74},[60,39963,38631],{"class":1402},[60,39965,108],{"class":74},[60,39967,39968,39970,39972],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,39969,39853],{"class":66},[60,39971,71],{"class":70},[60,39973,8834],{"class":74},[60,39975,39976],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,39977,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,39979,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,39981,6960],{"class":2665},[60,39983,7385],{"class":66},[60,39985,2672],{"class":2665},[60,39987,5264],{"class":66},[60,39989,7392],{"class":74},[60,39991,39992,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,39993,7397],{"class":2665},[60,39995,7385],{"class":66},[60,39997,7402],{"class":70},[60,39999,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40001,7407],{"class":70},[60,40003,4843],{"class":1402},[60,40005,7392],{"class":74},[60,40007,40008,40011,40013,40015,40017,40019],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,40009,40010],{"class":66},"        evens",[60,40012,123],{"class":74},[60,40014,14545],{"class":126},[60,40016,130],{"class":74},[60,40018,3255],{"class":126},[60,40020,136],{"class":74},[60,40022,40023],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,40024,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,40026,40027,40029,40031,40033],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,40028,143],{"class":142},[60,40030,130],{"class":74},[60,40032,39898],{"class":126},[60,40034,136],{"class":74},[20,40036,153],{},[51,40038,40039],{"className":53,"code":39579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40040,40041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40042,40043,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053,40055],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40044,353],{"class":74},[60,40046,1925],{"class":1402},[60,40048,88],{"class":74},[60,40050,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40052,88],{"class":74},[60,40054,38631],{"class":1402},[60,40056,108],{"class":74},[20,40058,40059],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[51,40061,40063],{"className":53,"code":40062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,40064,40065,40097,40130,40134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40066,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40068,4629],{"class":66},[60,40070,71],{"class":70},[60,40072,75],{"class":74},[60,40074,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40076,88],{"class":74},[60,40078,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40080,88],{"class":74},[60,40082,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40084,88],{"class":74},[60,40086,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40088,88],{"class":74},[60,40090,5606],{"class":1402},[60,40092,88],{"class":74},[60,40094,38631],{"class":1402},[60,40096,108],{"class":74},[60,40098,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111,40113,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124,40126,40128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40100,39853],{"class":66},[60,40102,71],{"class":70},[60,40104,75],{"class":74},[60,40106,3233],{"class":66},[60,40108,6960],{"class":2665},[60,40110,7385],{"class":66},[60,40112,2672],{"class":2665},[60,40114,40115],{"class":66}," numbers ",[60,40117,7996],{"class":2665},[60,40119,7385],{"class":66},[60,40121,7402],{"class":70},[60,40123,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40125,7407],{"class":70},[60,40127,4843],{"class":1402},[60,40129,108],{"class":74},[60,40131,40132],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,40133,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,40135,40136,40138,40140,40142],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,40137,143],{"class":142},[60,40139,130],{"class":74},[60,40141,39898],{"class":126},[60,40143,136],{"class":74},[20,40145,153],{},[51,40147,40148],{"className":53,"code":39579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40149,40150],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40151,40152,40154,40156,40158,40160,40162,40164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40153,353],{"class":74},[60,40155,1925],{"class":1402},[60,40157,88],{"class":74},[60,40159,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40161,88],{"class":74},[60,40163,38631],{"class":1402},[60,40165,108],{"class":74},[20,40167,40168,40169,123],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[551,40170,40172],{"href":40171},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[46,40174,3845],{"id":3844},[20,40176,15726,40177,123],{},[15,40178,38563],{},[415,40180,9449,40182,40184],{"id":40181},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,40183,38563],{}," to return a list",[20,40186,40187],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[51,40189,40191],{"className":53,"code":40190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,40192,40193,40235],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40194,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40196,114],{"class":66},[60,40198,71],{"class":70},[60,40200,38642],{"class":142},[60,40202,130],{"class":74},[60,40204,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40206,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40208,3901],{"class":74},[60,40210,4886],{"class":126},[60,40212,5253],{"class":70},[60,40214,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40216,88],{"class":74},[60,40218,75],{"class":74},[60,40220,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40222,88],{"class":74},[60,40224,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40226,88],{"class":74},[60,40228,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40230,88],{"class":74},[60,40232,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40234,2677],{"class":74},[60,40236,40237,40239,40241,40243],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40238,143],{"class":142},[60,40240,130],{"class":74},[60,40242,148],{"class":126},[60,40244,136],{"class":74},[20,40246,40247],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,40249,1929],{},[51,40251,40253],{"className":53,"code":40252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,40254,40255,40297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293,40295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40258,114],{"class":66},[60,40260,71],{"class":70},[60,40262,38642],{"class":142},[60,40264,130],{"class":74},[60,40266,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40268,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40270,3901],{"class":74},[60,40272,4886],{"class":126},[60,40274,5253],{"class":70},[60,40276,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40278,88],{"class":74},[60,40280,75],{"class":74},[60,40282,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40284,88],{"class":74},[60,40286,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40288,88],{"class":74},[60,40290,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40292,88],{"class":74},[60,40294,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40296,2677],{"class":74},[60,40298,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40300,143],{"class":142},[60,40302,130],{"class":74},[60,40304,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40306,130],{"class":74},[60,40308,148],{"class":126},[60,40310,1042],{"class":74},[415,40312,40314,40315,3894,40317,40319],{"id":40313},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,40316,4616],{},[15,40318,4685],{}," clearly",[20,40321,40322],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,40324,40325],{},"Good example:",[51,40327,40329],{"className":53,"code":40328,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,40330,40331,40344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40332,40333,40335,40338,40340,40342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40334,35845],{"class":3082},[60,40336,40337],{"class":35848}," is_positive",[60,40339,130],{"class":74},[60,40341,3255],{"class":38650},[60,40343,9337],{"class":74},[60,40345,40346,40348,40350,40352],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40347,35856],{"class":2665},[60,40349,7385],{"class":66},[60,40351,5253],{"class":70},[60,40353,39501],{"class":1402},[20,40355,40356],{},"Then use it with:",[51,40358,40360],{"className":53,"code":40359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,40361,40362,40394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40363,40364,40366,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40365,4629],{"class":66},[60,40367,71],{"class":70},[60,40369,75],{"class":74},[60,40371,929],{"class":70},[60,40373,1925],{"class":1402},[60,40375,88],{"class":74},[60,40377,3238],{"class":70},[60,40379,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40381,88],{"class":74},[60,40383,4843],{"class":1402},[60,40385,88],{"class":74},[60,40387,6499],{"class":1402},[60,40389,88],{"class":74},[60,40391,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40393,108],{"class":74},[60,40395,40396,40398,40400,40402,40404,40406,40408,40411,40413,40415],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40397,143],{"class":142},[60,40399,130],{"class":74},[60,40401,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40403,130],{"class":74},[60,40405,38589],{"class":142},[60,40407,130],{"class":74},[60,40409,40410],{"class":126},"is_positive",[60,40412,88],{"class":74},[60,40414,5264],{"class":126},[60,40416,1992],{"class":74},[20,40418,153],{},[51,40420,40422],{"className":53,"code":40421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2]\n",[15,40423,40424],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40425,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40427,353],{"class":74},[60,40429,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40431,88],{"class":74},[60,40433,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40435,108],{"class":74},[415,40437,40439],{"id":40438},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,40441,40442],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[51,40444,40445],{"className":53,"code":39185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40446,40447,40489,40493,40507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40448,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485,40487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40450,114],{"class":66},[60,40452,71],{"class":70},[60,40454,38642],{"class":142},[60,40456,130],{"class":74},[60,40458,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40460,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40462,3901],{"class":74},[60,40464,4886],{"class":126},[60,40466,5253],{"class":70},[60,40468,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40470,88],{"class":74},[60,40472,75],{"class":74},[60,40474,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40476,88],{"class":74},[60,40478,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40480,88],{"class":74},[60,40482,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40484,88],{"class":74},[60,40486,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40488,2677],{"class":74},[60,40490,40491],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40492,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,40494,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503,40505],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,40496,143],{"class":142},[60,40498,130],{"class":74},[60,40500,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40502,130],{"class":74},[60,40504,148],{"class":126},[60,40506,1042],{"class":74},[60,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,40510,143],{"class":142},[60,40512,130],{"class":74},[60,40514,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40516,130],{"class":74},[60,40518,148],{"class":126},[60,40520,1042],{"class":74},[20,40522,153],{},[51,40524,40525],{"className":53,"code":39266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,40526,40527,40539],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40528,40529,40531,40533,40535,40537],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40530,353],{"class":74},[60,40532,3079],{"class":1402},[60,40534,88],{"class":74},[60,40536,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40538,108],{"class":74},[60,40540,40541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40542,39285],{"class":74},[20,40544,40545],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[51,40547,40549],{"className":53,"code":40548,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,40550,40551,40597,40601,40611],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40552,40553,40555,40557,40559,40561,40563,40565,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40554,114],{"class":66},[60,40556,71],{"class":70},[60,40558,23553],{"class":1527},[60,40560,130],{"class":74},[60,40562,38589],{"class":142},[60,40564,130],{"class":74},[60,40566,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40568,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40570,3901],{"class":74},[60,40572,4886],{"class":126},[60,40574,5253],{"class":70},[60,40576,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40578,88],{"class":74},[60,40580,75],{"class":74},[60,40582,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40584,88],{"class":74},[60,40586,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40588,88],{"class":74},[60,40590,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40592,88],{"class":74},[60,40594,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40596,2718],{"class":74},[60,40598,40599],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40600,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,40602,40603,40605,40607,40609],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,40604,143],{"class":142},[60,40606,130],{"class":74},[60,40608,148],{"class":126},[60,40610,136],{"class":74},[60,40612,40613,40615,40617,40619],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,40614,143],{"class":142},[60,40616,130],{"class":74},[60,40618,148],{"class":126},[60,40620,136],{"class":74},[415,40622,40624],{"id":40623},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,40626,40627],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,40629,17637],{},[51,40631,40633],{"className":53,"code":40632,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,40634,40635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40636,40637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40638,40632],{"class":4674},[20,40640,40641,40642,7551],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,40643,1345],{},[20,40645,17649],{},[51,40647,40649],{"className":53,"code":40648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,40650,40651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40652,40653,40655,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40654,143],{"class":142},[60,40656,130],{"class":74},[60,40658,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40660,130],{"class":74},[60,40662,38589],{"class":142},[60,40664,130],{"class":74},[60,40666,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40668,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40670,3901],{"class":74},[60,40672,4886],{"class":126},[60,40674,5253],{"class":70},[60,40676,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40678,88],{"class":74},[60,40680,75],{"class":74},[60,40682,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40684,88],{"class":74},[60,40686,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40688,88],{"class":74},[60,40690,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40692,88],{"class":74},[60,40694,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40696,2759],{"class":74},[415,40698,38192,40700,9702,40702],{"id":40699},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,40701,38563],{},[15,40703,40704],{},"map()",[33,40706,40707,40712],{},[36,40708,40709,40711],{},[15,40710,38563],{}," keeps or removes items",[36,40713,40714,40716],{},[15,40715,40704],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,40718,40719,40720,3901],{},"Example of ",[15,40721,38563],{},[51,40723,40725],{"className":53,"code":40724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40726,40727,40751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40728,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739,40741,40743,40745,40747,40749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40730,4629],{"class":66},[60,40732,71],{"class":70},[60,40734,75],{"class":74},[60,40736,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40738,88],{"class":74},[60,40740,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40742,88],{"class":74},[60,40744,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40746,88],{"class":74},[60,40748,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40750,108],{"class":74},[60,40752,40753,40755,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40754,143],{"class":142},[60,40756,130],{"class":74},[60,40758,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40760,130],{"class":74},[60,40762,38589],{"class":142},[60,40764,130],{"class":74},[60,40766,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40768,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40770,3901],{"class":74},[60,40772,4886],{"class":126},[60,40774,5253],{"class":70},[60,40776,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40778,88],{"class":74},[60,40780,5264],{"class":126},[60,40782,1992],{"class":74},[20,40784,153],{},[51,40786,40788],{"className":53,"code":40787,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40789,40790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40791,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40793,353],{"class":74},[60,40795,3079],{"class":1402},[60,40797,88],{"class":74},[60,40799,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40801,108],{"class":74},[20,40803,40719,40804,3901],{},[15,40805,40704],{},[51,40807,40809],{"className":53,"code":40808,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40810,40811,40835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40812,40813,40815,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40814,4629],{"class":66},[60,40816,71],{"class":70},[60,40818,75],{"class":74},[60,40820,1432],{"class":1402},[60,40822,88],{"class":74},[60,40824,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40826,88],{"class":74},[60,40828,1442],{"class":1402},[60,40830,88],{"class":74},[60,40832,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40834,108],{"class":74},[60,40836,40837,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847,40849,40851,40853,40855,40857,40860,40862,40864,40866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,40838,143],{"class":142},[60,40840,130],{"class":74},[60,40842,9089],{"class":1527},[60,40844,130],{"class":74},[60,40846,1522],{"class":142},[60,40848,130],{"class":74},[60,40850,38647],{"class":3082},[60,40852,38651],{"class":38650},[60,40854,3901],{"class":74},[60,40856,4886],{"class":126},[60,40858,40859],{"class":70},"*",[60,40861,1437],{"class":1402},[60,40863,88],{"class":74},[60,40865,5264],{"class":126},[60,40867,1992],{"class":74},[20,40869,153],{},[51,40871,40873],{"className":53,"code":40872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40874,40875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,40876,40877,40879,40881,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,40878,353],{"class":74},[60,40880,1925],{"class":1402},[60,40882,88],{"class":74},[60,40884,3471],{"class":1402},[60,40886,88],{"class":74},[60,40888,38631],{"class":1402},[60,40890,88],{"class":74},[60,40892,7358],{"class":1402},[60,40894,108],{"class":74},[20,40896,40897,40898,123],{},"For the related function, see ",[551,40899,163,40901,1579],{"href":40900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40902,40704],{},[46,40904,2804],{"id":2803},[415,40906,2808,40908,40910],{"id":40907},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40909,38563],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40912,40913,40914,40916],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40915,25774],{}," if needed.",[415,40918,40920,40921,40923],{"id":40919},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40922,38563],{}," need to return?",[20,40925,38870,40926,40928,40929,40931],{},[15,40927,4616],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40930,4685],{}," to remove it.",[415,40933,2833,40935,40937],{"id":40934},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40936,38563],{}," without lambda?",[20,40939,40940],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[415,40942,2846,40944,2850],{"id":40943},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40945,40946],{},"filter(None, items)",[20,40948,40949,40950,40952,40953,18066,40955,123],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40951,3137],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40954,1585],{},[15,40956,4685],{},[415,40958,22415,40960,40962],{"id":40959},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40961,38563],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40964,40965,40966,40968],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40967,6960],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40970,40971],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[33,40973,40974,40980,40986],{},[36,40975,40976,40977,40979],{},"use ",[15,40978,38563],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[36,40981,40982,40983,40985],{},"use a ",[15,40984,6960],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[36,40987,40988],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40990,40991,40992,123],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[551,40993,6133],{"href":40994},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[46,40996,2870],{"id":2869},[33,40998,40999,41004,41008,41013,41019],{},[36,41000,41001],{},[551,41002,41003],{"href":39442},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[36,41005,41006],{},[551,41007,6222],{"href":40994},[36,41009,41010],{},[551,41011,41012],{"href":40171},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[36,41014,41015],{},[551,41016,163,41017,1579],{"href":40900},[15,41018,40704],{},[36,41020,41021],{},[551,41022,6217],{"href":6588},[2912,41024,41025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":41027},[41028,41029,41031,41035,41038,41040,41042,41044,41046,41056,41068],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":38697,"depth":111,"text":41030},"What filter() does",{"id":38831,"depth":111,"text":38832,"children":41032},[41033,41034],{"id":38848,"depth":139,"text":38848},{"id":411,"depth":139,"text":411},{"id":39007,"depth":111,"text":39008,"children":41036},[41037],{"id":39178,"depth":139,"text":39179},{"id":39291,"depth":111,"text":41039},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":39446,"depth":111,"text":41041},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":39608,"depth":111,"text":41043},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39788,"depth":111,"text":41045},"When to use filter()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":41047},[41048,41050,41052,41053,41054],{"id":40181,"depth":139,"text":41049},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":40313,"depth":139,"text":41051},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":40438,"depth":139,"text":40439},{"id":40623,"depth":139,"text":40624},{"id":40699,"depth":139,"text":41055},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":41057},[41058,41060,41062,41064,41066],{"id":40907,"depth":139,"text":41059},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40919,"depth":139,"text":41061},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40934,"depth":139,"text":41063},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40943,"depth":139,"text":41065},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40959,"depth":139,"text":41067},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":38555,"description":41069},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":41076,"title":41077,"body":41078,"description":43229,"extension":2980,"meta":43230,"navigation":304,"path":43231,"seo":43232,"stem":43233,"__hash__":43234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41079,"toc":43183},[41080,41083,41088,41094,41096,41148,41150,41169,41174,41178,41183,41186,41201,41204,41226,41228,41277,41279,41303,41305,41307,41322,41327,41335,41350,41352,41361,41364,41399,41403,41408,41412,41419,41454,41456,41472,41476,41479,41520,41522,41536,41540,41543,41567,41569,41578,41582,41585,41618,41620,41633,41637,41643,41662,41664,41672,41676,41681,41685,41691,41714,41716,41745,41748,41767,41771,41774,41801,41803,41837,41841,41844,41868,41872,41883,41885,41890,41896,41898,41982,41984,42026,42029,42033,42040,42049,42105,42112,42121,42126,42130,42201,42203,42212,42216,42219,42263,42265,42274,42278,42284,42334,42338,42343,42347,42371,42373,42382,42386,42410,42412,42423,42427,42451,42453,42462,42465,42482,42488,42492,42498,42501,42506,42509,42530,42532,42564,42567,42572,42574,42585,42587,42631,42635,42642,42694,42696,42705,42709,42712,42805,42808,42832,42836,42839,42931,42936,42940,42947,42952,42976,42978,42987,42992,43015,43017,43025,43032,43055,43063,43065,43078,43088,43090,43094,43101,43105,43114,43118,43125,43129,43133,43137,43149,43151,43180],[10,41081,41077],{"id":41082},"python-float-function-explained",[20,41084,10120,41085,41087],{},[15,41086,3900],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,41089,41090,41091,41093],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,41092,3900],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[46,41095,3022],{"id":3021},[51,41097,41099],{"className":53,"code":41098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,41100,41101,41115,41134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41102,41103,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41104,143],{"class":142},[60,41106,130],{"class":74},[60,41108,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41110,130],{"class":74},[60,41112,3154],{"class":1402},[60,41114,1042],{"class":74},[60,41116,41117,41119,41121,41123,41125,41127,41130,41132],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41118,143],{"class":142},[60,41120,130],{"class":74},[60,41122,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41124,130],{"class":74},[60,41126,79],{"class":78},[60,41128,41129],{"class":82},"3.14",[60,41131,79],{"class":78},[60,41133,1042],{"class":74},[60,41135,41136,41138,41140,41142,41144,41146],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,41137,143],{"class":142},[60,41139,130],{"class":74},[60,41141,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41143,130],{"class":74},[60,41145,4616],{"class":1611},[60,41147,1042],{"class":74},[20,41149,153],{},[51,41151,41153],{"className":53,"code":41152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,41154,41155,41159,41164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41156,41157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41158,3494],{"class":1402},[60,41160,41161],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41162,41163],{"class":1402},"3.14\n",[60,41165,41166],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,41167,41168],{"class":1402},"1.0\n",[20,41170,171,41171,41173],{},[15,41172,3900],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[46,41175,41177],{"id":41176},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,41179,41180,41182],{},[15,41181,3900],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,41184,41185],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[33,41187,41188,41192,41196],{},[36,41189,41190],{},[15,41191,3506],{},[36,41193,41194],{},[15,41195,41129],{},[36,41197,41198],{},[15,41199,41200],{},"0.5",[20,41202,41203],{},"A few key points:",[33,41205,41206,41213,41216,41219],{},[36,41207,41208,41210,41211],{},[15,41209,3900],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,41212,3209],{},[36,41214,41215],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[36,41217,41218],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[36,41220,41221,41222],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[551,41223,41224],{"href":9214},[15,41225,3974],{},[20,41227,236],{},[51,41229,41231],{"className":53,"code":41230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41232,41233,41253,41263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41234,41235,41237,41239,41242,41244,41246,41249,41251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41236,3233],{"class":66},[60,41238,71],{"class":70},[60,41240,41241],{"class":1527}," float",[60,41243,130],{"class":74},[60,41245,79],{"class":78},[60,41247,41248],{"class":82},"2.75",[60,41250,79],{"class":78},[60,41252,136],{"class":74},[60,41254,41255,41257,41259,41261],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41256,143],{"class":142},[60,41258,130],{"class":74},[60,41260,3255],{"class":126},[60,41262,136],{"class":74},[60,41264,41265,41267,41269,41271,41273,41275],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,41266,143],{"class":142},[60,41268,130],{"class":74},[60,41270,2629],{"class":1527},[60,41272,130],{"class":74},[60,41274,3255],{"class":126},[60,41276,1042],{"class":74},[20,41278,153],{},[51,41280,41282],{"className":53,"code":41281,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41283,41284,41289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41285,41286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41287,41288],{"class":1402},"2.75\n",[60,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41292,4304],{"class":70},[60,41294,4307],{"class":3082},[60,41296,365],{"class":78},[60,41298,3209],{"class":82},[60,41300,356],{"class":78},[60,41302,4316],{"class":70},[46,41304,389],{"id":388},[20,41306,392],{},[51,41308,41310],{"className":53,"code":41309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"float(value)\n",[15,41311,41312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41313,41314,41316,41318,41320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41315,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41317,130],{"class":74},[60,41319,3487],{"class":126},[60,41321,136],{"class":74},[20,41323,41324,41325,123],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,41326,3900],{},[20,41328,41329,41330,41332,41333,3901],{},"If you call ",[15,41331,3900],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,41334,4779],{},[51,41336,41338],{"className":53,"code":41337,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float())\n",[15,41339,41340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41341,41342,41344,41346,41348],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41343,143],{"class":142},[60,41345,130],{"class":74},[60,41347,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41349,8193],{"class":74},[20,41351,153],{},[51,41353,41355],{"className":53,"code":41354,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0.0\n",[15,41356,41357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41358,41359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41360,41354],{"class":1402},[20,41362,41363],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[51,41365,41367],{"className":53,"code":41366,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,41368,41369,41389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41370,41371,41374,41376,41378,41380,41382,41385,41387],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41372,41373],{"class":66},"price ",[60,41375,71],{"class":70},[60,41377,41241],{"class":1527},[60,41379,130],{"class":74},[60,41381,79],{"class":78},[60,41383,41384],{"class":82},"19.99",[60,41386,79],{"class":78},[60,41388,136],{"class":74},[60,41390,41391,41393,41395,41397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41392,143],{"class":142},[60,41394,130],{"class":74},[60,41396,26143],{"class":126},[60,41398,136],{"class":74},[46,41400,41402],{"id":41401},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,41404,41405,41407],{},[15,41406,3900],{}," can convert several common value types.",[415,41409,41411],{"id":41410},"integers","Integers",[20,41413,41414,41415,41418],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,41416,41417],{},".0"," added:",[51,41420,41422],{"className":53,"code":41421,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,41423,41424,41438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41425,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41427,143],{"class":142},[60,41429,130],{"class":74},[60,41431,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41433,130],{"class":74},[60,41435,3154],{"class":1402},[60,41437,1042],{"class":74},[60,41439,41440,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41441,143],{"class":142},[60,41443,130],{"class":74},[60,41445,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41447,130],{"class":74},[60,41449,929],{"class":70},[60,41451,1925],{"class":1402},[60,41453,1042],{"class":74},[20,41455,153],{},[51,41457,41459],{"className":53,"code":41458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,41460,41461,41465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41462,41463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41464,3494],{"class":1402},[60,41466,41467,41469],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41468,929],{"class":70},[60,41470,41471],{"class":1402},"2.0\n",[415,41473,41475],{"id":41474},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,41477,41478],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[51,41480,41482],{"className":53,"code":41481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,41483,41484,41502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41487,143],{"class":142},[60,41489,130],{"class":74},[60,41491,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41493,130],{"class":74},[60,41495,79],{"class":78},[60,41497,41129],{"class":82},[60,41499,79],{"class":78},[60,41501,1042],{"class":74},[60,41503,41504,41506,41508,41510,41512,41514,41516,41518],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41505,143],{"class":142},[60,41507,130],{"class":74},[60,41509,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41511,130],{"class":74},[60,41513,79],{"class":78},[60,41515,1345],{"class":82},[60,41517,79],{"class":78},[60,41519,1042],{"class":74},[20,41521,153],{},[51,41523,41525],{"className":53,"code":41524,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,41526,41527,41531],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41528,41529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41530,41163],{"class":1402},[60,41532,41533],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41534,41535],{"class":1402},"10.0\n",[415,41537,41539],{"id":41538},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,41541,41542],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[51,41544,41546],{"className":53,"code":41545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,41547,41548],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41549,41550,41552,41554,41556,41558,41560,41563,41565],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41551,143],{"class":142},[60,41553,130],{"class":74},[60,41555,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41557,130],{"class":74},[60,41559,79],{"class":78},[60,41561,41562],{"class":82},"  8.5  ",[60,41564,79],{"class":78},[60,41566,1042],{"class":74},[20,41568,153],{},[51,41570,41572],{"className":53,"code":41571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8.5\n",[15,41573,41574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41575,41576],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41577,41571],{"class":1402},[415,41579,41581],{"id":41580},"booleans","Booleans",[20,41583,41584],{},"Boolean values also work:",[51,41586,41588],{"className":53,"code":41587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,41589,41590,41604],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41591,41592,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41593,143],{"class":142},[60,41595,130],{"class":74},[60,41597,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41599,130],{"class":74},[60,41601,4616],{"class":1611},[60,41603,1042],{"class":74},[60,41605,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41607,143],{"class":142},[60,41609,130],{"class":74},[60,41611,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41613,130],{"class":74},[60,41615,4685],{"class":1611},[60,41617,1042],{"class":74},[20,41619,153],{},[51,41621,41623],{"className":53,"code":41622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,41624,41625,41629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41626,41627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41628,41168],{"class":1402},[60,41630,41631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41632,41354],{"class":1402},[415,41634,41636],{"id":41635},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,41638,41639,41640,41642],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,41641,3900],{}," returns a float version of it:",[51,41644,41646],{"className":53,"code":41645,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,41647,41648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41649,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41651,143],{"class":142},[60,41653,130],{"class":74},[60,41655,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41657,130],{"class":74},[60,41659,3377],{"class":1402},[60,41661,1042],{"class":74},[20,41663,153],{},[51,41665,41666],{"className":53,"code":3401,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,41667,41668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41669,41670],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41671,3401],{"class":1402},[46,41673,41675],{"id":41674},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,41677,41678,41679,123],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,41680,3900],{},[415,41682,41684],{"id":41683},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,41686,41687,41688,3901],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,41689,41690],{},"ValueError",[51,41692,41694],{"className":53,"code":41693,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,41695,41696],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41697,41698,41700,41702,41704,41706,41708,41710,41712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41699,143],{"class":142},[60,41701,130],{"class":74},[60,41703,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41705,130],{"class":74},[60,41707,79],{"class":78},[60,41709,1008],{"class":82},[60,41711,79],{"class":78},[60,41713,1042],{"class":74},[20,41715,30674],{},[51,41717,41719],{"className":53,"code":41718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,41720,41721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41722,41723,41725,41727,41730,41732,41735,41737,41739,41741,41743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41724,41690],{"class":1527},[60,41726,3901],{"class":74},[60,41728,41729],{"class":66}," could ",[60,41731,5632],{"class":70},[60,41733,41734],{"class":66}," convert string to ",[60,41736,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41738,3901],{"class":74},[60,41740,365],{"class":78},[60,41742,1008],{"class":82},[60,41744,30693],{"class":78},[20,41746,41747],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[51,41749,41751],{"className":53,"code":41750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,41752,41753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41754,41755,41757,41759,41761,41763,41765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41756,143],{"class":142},[60,41758,130],{"class":74},[60,41760,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41762,130],{"class":74},[60,41764,226],{"class":78},[60,41766,1042],{"class":74},[415,41768,41770],{"id":41769},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41772,41773],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[51,41775,41777],{"className":53,"code":41776,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41778,41779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41780,41781,41783,41785,41787,41789,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41782,143],{"class":142},[60,41784,130],{"class":74},[60,41786,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41788,2652],{"class":74},[60,41790,1432],{"class":1402},[60,41792,88],{"class":74},[60,41794,1437],{"class":1402},[60,41796,88],{"class":74},[60,41798,1442],{"class":1402},[60,41800,2718],{"class":74},[20,41802,30674],{},[51,41804,41806],{"className":53,"code":41805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41807,41808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41809,41810,41812,41814,41816,41818,41821,41824,41827,41829,41831,41833,41835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41811,1472],{"class":1527},[60,41813,3901],{"class":74},[60,41815,41241],{"class":1527},[60,41817,8363],{"class":74},[60,41819,41820],{"class":66}," argument must be a string ",[60,41822,41823],{"class":70},"or",[60,41825,41826],{"class":66}," a real number",[60,41828,88],{"class":74},[60,41830,9094],{"class":70},[60,41832,365],{"class":78},[60,41834,9089],{"class":82},[60,41836,30693],{"class":78},[415,41838,41840],{"id":41839},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41842,41843],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[51,41845,41847],{"className":53,"code":41846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41848,41849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41850,41851,41853,41855,41857,41859,41861,41864,41866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41852,143],{"class":142},[60,41854,130],{"class":74},[60,41856,3209],{"class":1527},[60,41858,130],{"class":74},[60,41860,79],{"class":78},[60,41862,41863],{"class":82},"3,14",[60,41865,79],{"class":78},[60,41867,1042],{"class":74},[20,41869,4016,41870,123],{},[15,41871,41690],{},[20,41873,41874,41875,2360,41879,123],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[551,41876,41878],{"href":41877},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[551,41880,41882],{"href":41881},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[46,41884,18413],{"id":18412},[20,41886,41887,41889],{},[15,41888,3900],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41891,41892,41893,41895],{},"It does ",[4753,41894,5632],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41897,236],{},[51,41899,41901],{"className":53,"code":41900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41902,41903,41916,41930,41934,41944,41954,41968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41904,41905,41907,41909,41911,41914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41906,35681],{"class":66},[60,41908,71],{"class":70},[60,41910,91],{"class":78},[60,41912,41913],{"class":82},"6.5",[60,41915,2389],{"class":78},[60,41917,41918,41920,41922,41924,41926,41928],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41919,3233],{"class":66},[60,41921,71],{"class":70},[60,41923,41241],{"class":1527},[60,41925,130],{"class":74},[60,41927,35702],{"class":126},[60,41929,136],{"class":74},[60,41931,41932],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,41933,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,41935,41936,41938,41940,41942],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,41937,143],{"class":142},[60,41939,130],{"class":74},[60,41941,35702],{"class":126},[60,41943,136],{"class":74},[60,41945,41946,41948,41950,41952],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,41947,143],{"class":142},[60,41949,130],{"class":74},[60,41951,3255],{"class":126},[60,41953,136],{"class":74},[60,41955,41956,41958,41960,41962,41964,41966],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,41957,143],{"class":142},[60,41959,130],{"class":74},[60,41961,2629],{"class":1527},[60,41963,130],{"class":74},[60,41965,35702],{"class":126},[60,41967,1042],{"class":74},[60,41969,41970,41972,41974,41976,41978,41980],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,41971,143],{"class":142},[60,41973,130],{"class":74},[60,41975,2629],{"class":1527},[60,41977,130],{"class":74},[60,41979,3255],{"class":126},[60,41981,1042],{"class":74},[20,41983,153],{},[51,41985,41987],{"className":53,"code":41986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41988,41989,41994,41998,42012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,41990,41991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,41992,41993],{"class":1402},"6.5\n",[60,41995,41996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,41997,41993],{"class":1402},[60,41999,42000,42002,42004,42006,42008,42010],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42001,4304],{"class":70},[60,42003,4307],{"class":3082},[60,42005,365],{"class":78},[60,42007,1528],{"class":82},[60,42009,356],{"class":78},[60,42011,4316],{"class":70},[60,42013,42014,42016,42018,42020,42022,42024],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42015,4304],{"class":70},[60,42017,4307],{"class":3082},[60,42019,365],{"class":78},[60,42021,3209],{"class":82},[60,42023,356],{"class":78},[60,42025,4316],{"class":70},[20,42027,42028],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[46,42030,42032],{"id":42031},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[415,42034,42036,42037,42039],{"id":42035},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,42038,3974],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,42041,2997,42042,42046,42047,123],{},[551,42043,42044,3318],{"href":9214},[15,42045,3974],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,42048,3900],{},[51,42050,42052],{"className":53,"code":42051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,42053,42054,42073,42087,42091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42055,42056,42058,42060,42062,42064,42066,42069,42071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42057,9232],{"class":66},[60,42059,71],{"class":70},[60,42061,9237],{"class":142},[60,42063,130],{"class":74},[60,42065,79],{"class":78},[60,42067,42068],{"class":82},"Enter a price: ",[60,42070,79],{"class":78},[60,42072,136],{"class":74},[60,42074,42075,42077,42079,42081,42083,42085],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42076,41373],{"class":66},[60,42078,71],{"class":70},[60,42080,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42082,130],{"class":74},[60,42084,9261],{"class":126},[60,42086,136],{"class":74},[60,42088,42089],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42090,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42092,42093,42095,42097,42099,42101,42103],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42094,143],{"class":142},[60,42096,130],{"class":74},[60,42098,41373],{"class":126},[60,42100,40859],{"class":70},[60,42102,1437],{"class":1402},[60,42104,136],{"class":74},[20,42106,42107,42108,42111],{},"If the user enters ",[15,42109,42110],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[51,42113,42115],{"className":53,"code":42114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"9.0\n",[15,42116,42117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42118,42119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42120,42114],{"class":1402},[20,42122,42123,42124,123],{},"For more help with this, see ",[551,42125,9978],{"href":9977},[415,42127,42129],{"id":42128},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[51,42131,42133],{"className":53,"code":42132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,42134,42135,42148,42161,42165,42190],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143,42146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42138,3569],{"class":66},[60,42140,71],{"class":70},[60,42142,91],{"class":78},[60,42144,42145],{"class":82},"2.5",[60,42147,2389],{"class":78},[60,42149,42150,42152,42154,42156,42159],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42151,3596],{"class":66},[60,42153,71],{"class":70},[60,42155,91],{"class":78},[60,42157,42158],{"class":82},"1.5",[60,42160,2389],{"class":78},[60,42162,42163],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42164,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42166,42167,42170,42172,42174,42176,42178,42180,42182,42184,42186,42188],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42168,42169],{"class":66},"total ",[60,42171,71],{"class":70},[60,42173,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42175,130],{"class":74},[60,42177,551],{"class":126},[60,42179,2662],{"class":74},[60,42181,2421],{"class":70},[60,42183,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42185,130],{"class":74},[60,42187,2258],{"class":126},[60,42189,136],{"class":74},[60,42191,42192,42194,42196,42199],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,42193,143],{"class":142},[60,42195,130],{"class":74},[60,42197,42198],{"class":126},"total",[60,42200,136],{"class":74},[20,42202,153],{},[51,42204,42206],{"className":53,"code":42205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4.0\n",[15,42207,42208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42209,42210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42211,42205],{"class":1402},[415,42213,42215],{"id":42214},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,42217,42218],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[51,42220,42222],{"className":53,"code":42221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,42223,42224,42234,42249,42253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42225,42226,42229,42231],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42227,42228],{"class":66},"count ",[60,42230,71],{"class":70},[60,42232,42233],{"class":1402}," 7\n",[60,42235,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244,42247],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42237,114],{"class":66},[60,42239,71],{"class":70},[60,42241,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42243,130],{"class":74},[60,42245,42246],{"class":126},"count",[60,42248,136],{"class":74},[60,42250,42251],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42252,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42254,42255,42257,42259,42261],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42256,143],{"class":142},[60,42258,130],{"class":74},[60,42260,148],{"class":126},[60,42262,136],{"class":74},[20,42264,153],{},[51,42266,42268],{"className":53,"code":42267,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.0\n",[15,42269,42270],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42271,42272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42273,42267],{"class":1402},[415,42275,42277],{"id":42276},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,42279,42280,42281,42283],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,42282,3900],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[51,42285,42287],{"className":53,"code":42286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,42288,42289,42303,42319,42323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42290,42291,42294,42296,42298,42301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42292,42293],{"class":66},"temperature_text ",[60,42295,71],{"class":70},[60,42297,91],{"class":78},[60,42299,42300],{"class":82},"21.8",[60,42302,2389],{"class":78},[60,42304,42305,42308,42310,42312,42314,42317],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42306,42307],{"class":66},"temperature ",[60,42309,71],{"class":70},[60,42311,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42313,130],{"class":74},[60,42315,42316],{"class":126},"temperature_text",[60,42318,136],{"class":74},[60,42320,42321],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42322,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42324,42325,42327,42329,42332],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42326,143],{"class":142},[60,42328,130],{"class":74},[60,42330,42331],{"class":126},"temperature",[60,42333,136],{"class":74},[46,42335,42337],{"id":42336},"special-values","Special values",[20,42339,42340,42342],{},[15,42341,3900],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[415,42344,42346],{"id":42345},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[51,42348,42350],{"className":53,"code":42349,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,42351,42352],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42353,42354,42356,42358,42360,42362,42364,42367,42369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42355,143],{"class":142},[60,42357,130],{"class":74},[60,42359,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42361,130],{"class":74},[60,42363,79],{"class":78},[60,42365,42366],{"class":82},"inf",[60,42368,79],{"class":78},[60,42370,1042],{"class":74},[20,42372,153],{},[51,42374,42376],{"className":53,"code":42375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"inf\n",[15,42377,42378],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42379,42380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42381,42375],{"class":66},[415,42383,42385],{"id":42384},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[51,42387,42389],{"className":53,"code":42388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,42390,42391],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42392,42393,42395,42397,42399,42401,42403,42406,42408],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42394,143],{"class":142},[60,42396,130],{"class":74},[60,42398,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42400,130],{"class":74},[60,42402,79],{"class":78},[60,42404,42405],{"class":82},"-inf",[60,42407,79],{"class":78},[60,42409,1042],{"class":74},[20,42411,153],{},[51,42413,42415],{"className":53,"code":42414,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"-inf\n",[15,42416,42417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42418,42419,42421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42420,929],{"class":70},[60,42422,42375],{"class":66},[415,42424,42426],{"id":42425},"not-a-number","Not a number",[51,42428,42430],{"className":53,"code":42429,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,42431,42432],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42433,42434,42436,42438,42440,42442,42444,42447,42449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42435,143],{"class":142},[60,42437,130],{"class":74},[60,42439,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42441,130],{"class":74},[60,42443,79],{"class":78},[60,42445,42446],{"class":82},"nan",[60,42448,79],{"class":78},[60,42450,1042],{"class":74},[20,42452,153],{},[51,42454,42456],{"className":53,"code":42455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nan\n",[15,42457,42458],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42459,42460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42461,42455],{"class":66},[20,42463,42464],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[33,42466,42467,42472,42477],{},[36,42468,42469,42471],{},[15,42470,42366],{}," means positive infinity",[36,42473,42474,42476],{},[15,42475,42405],{}," means negative infinity",[36,42478,42479,42481],{},[15,42480,42446],{}," means “not a number”",[20,42483,42484,42485,42487],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,42486,3900],{}," accepts them.",[46,42489,42491],{"id":42490},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,42493,42494,42495,42497],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,42496,3900],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[415,42499,41690],{"id":42500},"valueerror",[20,42502,16182,42503,42505],{},[15,42504,41690],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,42507,42508],{},"Common causes:",[33,42510,42511,42517,42520,42523],{},[36,42512,42513,42514],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,42515,42516],{},"\"abc\"",[36,42518,42519],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[36,42521,42522],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[36,42524,5706,42525],{},[551,42526,42527,42529],{"href":9214},[15,42528,3974],{}," returns a string",[20,42531,236],{},[51,42533,42535],{"className":53,"code":42534,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42536,42537,42550],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42538,42539,42541,42543,42545,42548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42540,3462],{"class":66},[60,42542,71],{"class":70},[60,42544,91],{"class":78},[60,42546,42547],{"class":82},"abc",[60,42549,2389],{"class":78},[60,42551,42552,42554,42556,42558,42560,42562],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42553,143],{"class":142},[60,42555,130],{"class":74},[60,42557,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42559,130],{"class":74},[60,42561,3487],{"class":126},[60,42563,1042],{"class":74},[415,42565,1472],{"id":42566},"typeerror",[20,42568,16182,42569,42571],{},[15,42570,1472],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,42573,42508],{},[33,42575,42576,42579,42582],{},[36,42577,42578],{},"Passing a list",[36,42580,42581],{},"Passing a dictionary",[36,42583,42584],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,42586,236],{},[51,42588,42590],{"className":53,"code":42589,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,42591,42592,42617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42593,42594,42596,42598,42600,42602,42604,42606,42608,42610,42613,42615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42595,3462],{"class":66},[60,42597,71],{"class":70},[60,42599,11488],{"class":74},[60,42601,79],{"class":78},[60,42603,26143],{"class":82},[60,42605,79],{"class":78},[60,42607,3901],{"class":74},[60,42609,91],{"class":78},[60,42611,42612],{"class":82},"9.99",[60,42614,79],{"class":78},[60,42616,10306],{"class":74},[60,42618,42619,42621,42623,42625,42627,42629],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42620,143],{"class":142},[60,42622,130],{"class":74},[60,42624,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42626,130],{"class":74},[60,42628,3487],{"class":126},[60,42630,1042],{"class":74},[415,42632,42634],{"id":42633},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,42636,42637,42638,42641],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,42639,42640],{},"strip()"," can help:",[51,42643,42645],{"className":53,"code":42644,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42646,42647,42660,42675,42679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42648,42649,42651,42653,42655,42658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42650,3462],{"class":66},[60,42652,71],{"class":70},[60,42654,91],{"class":78},[60,42656,42657],{"class":82},"  7.25  ",[60,42659,2389],{"class":78},[60,42661,42662,42665,42667,42669,42671,42673],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42663,42664],{"class":66},"clean_value ",[60,42666,71],{"class":70},[60,42668,9429],{"class":66},[60,42670,123],{"class":74},[60,42672,9631],{"class":126},[60,42674,9640],{"class":74},[60,42676,42677],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42678,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42680,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689,42692],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42682,143],{"class":142},[60,42684,130],{"class":74},[60,42686,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42688,130],{"class":74},[60,42690,42691],{"class":126},"clean_value",[60,42693,1042],{"class":74},[20,42695,153],{},[51,42697,42699],{"className":53,"code":42698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.25\n",[15,42700,42701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42702,42703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42704,42698],{"class":1402},[415,42706,42708],{"id":42707},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,42710,42711],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[51,42713,42715],{"className":53,"code":42714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,42716,42717,42730,42734,42744,42758,42773,42777,42791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42718,42719,42721,42723,42725,42728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42720,3462],{"class":66},[60,42722,71],{"class":70},[60,42724,91],{"class":78},[60,42726,42727],{"class":82}," 3.5 ",[60,42729,2389],{"class":78},[60,42731,42732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42733,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42735,42736,42738,42740,42742],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42737,143],{"class":142},[60,42739,130],{"class":74},[60,42741,3487],{"class":126},[60,42743,136],{"class":74},[60,42745,42746,42748,42750,42752,42754,42756],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42747,143],{"class":142},[60,42749,130],{"class":74},[60,42751,2629],{"class":1527},[60,42753,130],{"class":74},[60,42755,3487],{"class":126},[60,42757,1042],{"class":74},[60,42759,42760,42762,42764,42767,42769,42771],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,42761,143],{"class":142},[60,42763,130],{"class":74},[60,42765,42766],{"class":142},"repr",[60,42768,130],{"class":74},[60,42770,3487],{"class":126},[60,42772,1042],{"class":74},[60,42774,42775],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,42776,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42778,42779,42781,42783,42785,42787,42789],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,42780,42664],{"class":66},[60,42782,71],{"class":70},[60,42784,9429],{"class":66},[60,42786,123],{"class":74},[60,42788,9631],{"class":126},[60,42790,9640],{"class":74},[60,42792,42793,42795,42797,42799,42801,42803],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,42794,143],{"class":142},[60,42796,130],{"class":74},[60,42798,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42800,130],{"class":74},[60,42802,42691],{"class":126},[60,42804,1042],{"class":74},[20,42806,42807],{},"Why this helps:",[33,42809,42810,42816,42821,42827],{},[36,42811,42812,42815],{},[15,42813,42814],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[36,42817,42818,22362],{},[15,42819,42820],{},"print(type(value))",[36,42822,42823,42826],{},[15,42824,42825],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[36,42828,42829,42831],{},[15,42830,42640],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[415,42833,42835],{"id":42834},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42837,42838],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[51,42840,42842],{"className":53,"code":42841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42843,42844,42863,42867,42873,42888,42907,42916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42845,42846,42848,42850,42852,42854,42856,42859,42861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42847,3462],{"class":66},[60,42849,71],{"class":70},[60,42851,9237],{"class":142},[60,42853,130],{"class":74},[60,42855,79],{"class":78},[60,42857,42858],{"class":82},"Enter a number: ",[60,42860,79],{"class":78},[60,42862,136],{"class":74},[60,42864,42865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,42866,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,42868,42869,42871],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,42870,30797],{"class":2665},[60,42872,7392],{"class":74},[60,42874,42875,42878,42880,42882,42884,42886],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,42876,42877],{"class":66},"    number ",[60,42879,71],{"class":70},[60,42881,41241],{"class":1527},[60,42883,130],{"class":74},[60,42885,3487],{"class":126},[60,42887,136],{"class":74},[60,42889,42890,42892,42894,42896,42899,42901,42903,42905],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,42891,9064],{"class":142},[60,42893,130],{"class":74},[60,42895,79],{"class":78},[60,42897,42898],{"class":82},"Converted:",[60,42900,79],{"class":78},[60,42902,88],{"class":74},[60,42904,3213],{"class":126},[60,42906,136],{"class":74},[60,42908,42909,42911,42914],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,42910,30828],{"class":2665},[60,42912,42913],{"class":1527}," ValueError",[60,42915,7392],{"class":74},[60,42917,42918,42920,42922,42924,42927,42929],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,42919,9064],{"class":142},[60,42921,130],{"class":74},[60,42923,79],{"class":78},[60,42925,42926],{"class":82},"That is not a valid number.",[60,42928,79],{"class":78},[60,42930,136],{"class":74},[20,42932,42933,42934,123],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[551,42935,41882],{"href":41881},[46,42937,42939],{"id":42938},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42941,2357,42942,2360,42944,42946],{},[15,42943,3900],{},[15,42945,3893],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42948,42949,42951],{},[15,42950,3900],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[51,42953,42955],{"className":53,"code":42954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42956,42957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42958,42959,42961,42963,42965,42967,42969,42972,42974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42960,143],{"class":142},[60,42962,130],{"class":74},[60,42964,3209],{"class":1527},[60,42966,130],{"class":74},[60,42968,79],{"class":78},[60,42970,42971],{"class":82},"3.9",[60,42973,79],{"class":78},[60,42975,1042],{"class":74},[20,42977,153],{},[51,42979,42981],{"className":53,"code":42980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.9\n",[15,42982,42983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42984,42985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,42986,42980],{"class":1402},[20,42988,42989,42991],{},[15,42990,3893],{}," creates whole numbers:",[51,42993,42995],{"className":53,"code":42994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42996,42997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,42998,42999,43001,43003,43005,43007,43009,43011,43013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43000,143],{"class":142},[60,43002,130],{"class":74},[60,43004,3206],{"class":1527},[60,43006,130],{"class":74},[60,43008,79],{"class":78},[60,43010,1345],{"class":82},[60,43012,79],{"class":78},[60,43014,1042],{"class":74},[20,43016,153],{},[51,43018,43019],{"className":53,"code":3391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43020,43021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43022,43023],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43024,3391],{"class":1402},[20,43026,43027,43028,43031],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,43029,43030],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[51,43033,43035],{"className":53,"code":43034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,43036,43037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43038,43039,43041,43043,43045,43047,43049,43051,43053],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43040,143],{"class":142},[60,43042,130],{"class":74},[60,43044,3206],{"class":1527},[60,43046,130],{"class":74},[60,43048,79],{"class":78},[60,43050,42971],{"class":82},[60,43052,79],{"class":78},[60,43054,1042],{"class":74},[20,43056,4016,43057,9598,43059,43062],{},[15,43058,41690],{},[15,43060,43061],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,43064,11710],{},[33,43066,43067,43073],{},[36,43068,43069,43072],{},[15,43070,43071],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[36,43074,43075,43077],{},[15,43076,43030],{}," fails",[20,43079,43080,43081,43084,43085,43087],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[551,43082,43083],{"href":3890},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[551,43086,3435],{"href":3434}," helpful.",[46,43089,2804],{"id":2803},[415,43091,43093],{"id":43092},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,43095,43096,43097,3894,43099,123],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,43098,3506],{},[15,43100,41129],{},[415,43102,43104],{"id":43103},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,43106,43107,43108,3894,43111,123],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,43109,43110],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,43112,43113],{},"\"10\"",[415,43115,43117],{"id":43116},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,43119,30054,43120,43122,43123,123],{},[15,43121,42516],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,43124,41690],{},[415,43126,43128],{"id":43127},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,43130,6148,43131,123],{},[15,43132,4779],{},[415,43134,43136],{"id":43135},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,43138,2839,43139,43141,43142,2360,43145,43141,43147,123],{},[15,43140,4616],{}," becomes ",[15,43143,43144],{},"1.0",[15,43146,4685],{},[15,43148,4779],{},[46,43150,2870],{"id":2869},[33,43152,43153,43157,43162,43167,43171,43175],{},[36,43154,43155],{},[551,43156,43083],{"href":3890},[36,43158,43159],{},[551,43160,43161],{"href":1575},"Python str() Function Explained",[36,43163,43164],{},[551,43165,43166],{"href":41877},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[36,43168,43169],{},[551,43170,10055],{"href":9977},[36,43172,43173],{},[551,43174,41882],{"href":41881},[36,43176,43177],{},[551,43178,43179],{"href":9214},"Python input() Function Explained",[2912,43181,43182],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":43184},[43185,43186,43187,43188,43195,43200,43201,43208,43213,43220,43221,43228],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":41176,"depth":111,"text":41177},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":41401,"depth":111,"text":41402,"children":43189},[43190,43191,43192,43193,43194],{"id":41410,"depth":139,"text":41411},{"id":41474,"depth":139,"text":41475},{"id":41538,"depth":139,"text":41539},{"id":41580,"depth":139,"text":41581},{"id":41635,"depth":139,"text":41636},{"id":41674,"depth":111,"text":41675,"children":43196},[43197,43198,43199],{"id":41683,"depth":139,"text":41684},{"id":41769,"depth":139,"text":41770},{"id":41839,"depth":139,"text":41840},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":42031,"depth":111,"text":42032,"children":43202},[43203,43205,43206,43207],{"id":42035,"depth":139,"text":43204},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":42128,"depth":139,"text":42129},{"id":42214,"depth":139,"text":42215},{"id":42276,"depth":139,"text":42277},{"id":42336,"depth":111,"text":42337,"children":43209},[43210,43211,43212],{"id":42345,"depth":139,"text":42346},{"id":42384,"depth":139,"text":42385},{"id":42425,"depth":139,"text":42426},{"id":42490,"depth":111,"text":42491,"children":43214},[43215,43216,43217,43218,43219],{"id":42500,"depth":139,"text":41690},{"id":42566,"depth":139,"text":1472},{"id":42633,"depth":139,"text":42634},{"id":42707,"depth":139,"text":42708},{"id":42834,"depth":139,"text":42835},{"id":42938,"depth":111,"text":42939},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":43222},[43223,43224,43225,43226,43227],{"id":43092,"depth":139,"text":43093},{"id":43103,"depth":139,"text":43104},{"id":43116,"depth":139,"text":43117},{"id":43127,"depth":139,"text":43128},{"id":43135,"depth":139,"text":43136},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":41077,"description":43229},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":43236,"title":43237,"body":43238,"description":44454,"extension":2980,"meta":44455,"navigation":304,"path":36017,"seo":44456,"stem":44457,"__hash__":44458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43239,"toc":44420},[43240,43243,43248,43251,43253,43292,43306,43310,43315,43318,43335,43338,43348,43363,43366,43368,43371,43387,43390,43393,43413,43417,43428,43431,43435,43439,43453,43488,43492,43503,43538,43541,43543,43551,43584,43600,43602,43612,43633,43644,43646,43651,43654,43668,43670,43689,43692,43705,43708,43712,43716,43730,43733,43751,43754,43769,43773,43778,43792,43798,43800,43855,43857,43889,43892,43908,43912,43919,43923,43928,43931,43942,43946,43951,43966,43975,43980,43999,44002,44014,44016,44021,44031,44034,44063,44068,44077,44081,44086,44089,44093,44098,44100,44130,44133,44140,44145,44150,44154,44157,44165,44168,44246,44249,44271,44273,44277,44280,44284,44290,44351,44355,44363,44367,44370,44372,44397,44417],[10,43241,43237],{"id":43242},"python-help-function-explained",[20,43244,4594,43245,43247],{},[15,43246,36020],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,43249,43250],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[46,43252,3022],{"id":3021},[51,43254,43256],{"className":53,"code":43255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,43257,43258,43268,43278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43259,43260,43262,43264,43266],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43261,33145],{"class":142},[60,43263,130],{"class":74},[60,43265,12157],{"class":142},[60,43267,136],{"class":74},[60,43269,43270,43272,43274,43276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43271,33145],{"class":142},[60,43273,130],{"class":74},[60,43275,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43277,136],{"class":74},[60,43279,43280,43282,43284,43286,43288,43290],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,43281,33145],{"class":142},[60,43283,130],{"class":74},[60,43285,356],{"class":78},[60,43287,35652],{"class":82},[60,43289,356],{"class":78},[60,43291,136],{"class":74},[20,43293,171,43294,43296,43297,3894,43299,43301,43302,43305],{},[15,43295,36020],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,43298,12157],{},[15,43300,1528],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,43303,43304],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[46,43307,43309],{"id":43308},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,43311,43312,43314],{},[15,43313,36020],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,43316,43317],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[33,43319,43320,43323,43326,43329,43332],{},[36,43321,43322],{},"Functions",[36,43324,43325],{},"Classes",[36,43327,43328],{},"Methods",[36,43330,43331],{},"Modules",[36,43333,43334],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,43336,43337],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,43339,43340,43341,43347],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[551,43342,43344],{"href":43343},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,43345,43346],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[51,43349,43351],{"className":53,"code":43350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\n",[15,43352,43353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43354,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43356,33145],{"class":142},[60,43358,130],{"class":74},[60,43360,12157],{"class":142},[60,43362,136],{"class":74},[20,43364,43365],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[46,43367,389],{"id":388},[20,43369,43370],{},"The main form is:",[51,43372,43374],{"className":53,"code":43373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(object)\n",[15,43375,43376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43377,43378,43380,43382,43385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43379,33145],{"class":142},[60,43381,130],{"class":74},[60,43383,43384],{"class":1527},"object",[60,43386,136],{"class":74},[20,43388,43389],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,43391,43392],{},"Common examples include:",[33,43394,43395,43399,43404,43408],{},[36,43396,43397],{},[15,43398,12157],{},[36,43400,43401],{},[15,43402,43403],{},"list.append",[36,43405,43406],{},[15,43407,1528],{},[36,43409,43410],{},[15,43411,43412],{},"open",[20,43414,8174,43415,8177],{},[15,43416,36020],{},[51,43418,43420],{"className":53,"code":43419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help()\n",[15,43421,43422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43423,43424,43426],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43425,33145],{"class":142},[60,43427,9640],{"class":74},[20,43429,43430],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[46,43432,43434],{"id":43433},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[415,43436,43438],{"id":43437},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,43440,43441,43442,287,43444,287,43446,18066,43449,123],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,43443,12157],{},[15,43445,143],{},[15,43447,43448],{},"input",[551,43450,43451],{"href":3314},[15,43452,3317],{},[51,43454,43456],{"className":53,"code":43455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,43457,43458,43468,43478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43459,43460,43462,43464,43466],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43461,33145],{"class":142},[60,43463,130],{"class":74},[60,43465,143],{"class":142},[60,43467,136],{"class":74},[60,43469,43470,43472,43474,43476],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43471,33145],{"class":142},[60,43473,130],{"class":74},[60,43475,43448],{"class":142},[60,43477,136],{"class":74},[60,43479,43480,43482,43484,43486],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,43481,33145],{"class":142},[60,43483,130],{"class":74},[60,43485,2629],{"class":1527},[60,43487,136],{"class":74},[415,43489,43491],{"id":43490},"data-types","Data types",[20,43493,43494,43495,287,43497,287,43499,18066,43501,123],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,43496,1528],{},[15,43498,9089],{},[15,43500,9819],{},[15,43502,7285],{},[51,43504,43506],{"className":53,"code":43505,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,43507,43508,43518,43528],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43509,43510,43512,43514,43516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43511,33145],{"class":142},[60,43513,130],{"class":74},[60,43515,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43517,136],{"class":74},[60,43519,43520,43522,43524,43526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43521,33145],{"class":142},[60,43523,130],{"class":74},[60,43525,9089],{"class":1527},[60,43527,136],{"class":74},[60,43529,43530,43532,43534,43536],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,43531,33145],{"class":142},[60,43533,130],{"class":74},[60,43535,9819],{"class":1527},[60,43537,136],{"class":74},[20,43539,43540],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[415,43542,43328],{"id":35499},[20,43544,43545,43546,2360,43549,123],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,43547,43548],{},"str.split",[15,43550,43403],{},[51,43552,43554],{"className":53,"code":43553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,43555,43556,43570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43557,43558,43560,43562,43564,43566,43568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43559,33145],{"class":142},[60,43561,130],{"class":74},[60,43563,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43565,123],{"class":74},[60,43567,35462],{"class":25743},[60,43569,136],{"class":74},[60,43571,43572,43574,43576,43578,43580,43582],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43573,33145],{"class":142},[60,43575,130],{"class":74},[60,43577,9089],{"class":1527},[60,43579,123],{"class":74},[60,43581,14545],{"class":25743},[60,43583,136],{"class":74},[20,43585,43586,43587,9702,43589,29307,43594,43596,43597,43599],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,43588,36020],{},[551,43590,43592],{"href":43591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,43593,35305],{},[15,43595,35305],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,43598,36020],{}," explains one of them.",[415,43601,43331],{"id":35652},[20,43603,43604,43605,287,43607,18066,43609,123],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,43606,19410],{},[15,43608,36183],{},[15,43610,43611],{},"os",[51,43613,43615],{"className":53,"code":43614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,43616,43617,43623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43618,43619,43621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43620,36084],{"class":2665},[60,43622,36087],{"class":66},[60,43624,43625,43627,43629,43631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43626,33145],{"class":142},[60,43628,130],{"class":74},[60,43630,19410],{"class":126},[60,43632,136],{"class":74},[20,43634,43635,43636,43640,43641,123],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[551,43637,43639],{"href":43638},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[551,43642,36150],{"href":43643},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[46,43645,35911],{"id":35910},[20,43647,43648,43650],{},[15,43649,36020],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,43652,43653],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[33,43655,43656,43659,43662,43665],{},[36,43657,43658],{},"The function signature",[36,43660,43661],{},"The short description",[36,43663,43664],{},"Parameter names",[36,43666,43667],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,43669,6473],{},[51,43671,43673],{"className":53,"code":43672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.split)\n",[15,43674,43675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43676,43677,43679,43681,43683,43685,43687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43678,33145],{"class":142},[60,43680,130],{"class":74},[60,43682,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43684,123],{"class":74},[60,43686,35462],{"class":25743},[60,43688,136],{"class":74},[20,43690,43691],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[33,43693,43694,43697,43700,43702],{},[36,43695,43696],{},"What object this is",[36,43698,43699],{},"What arguments it accepts",[36,43701,22965],{},[36,43703,43704],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,43706,43707],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[46,43709,43711],{"id":43710},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,43713,43714,30867],{},[15,43715,36020],{},[33,43717,43718,43721,43724,43727],{},[36,43719,43720],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[36,43722,43723],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[36,43725,43726],{},"You are exploring a new module",[36,43728,43729],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,43731,43732],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[51,43734,43735],{"className":53,"code":43672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43736,43737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43738,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747,43749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43740,33145],{"class":142},[60,43742,130],{"class":74},[60,43744,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43746,123],{"class":74},[60,43748,35462],{"class":25743},[60,43750,136],{"class":74},[20,43752,43753],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[51,43755,43757],{"className":53,"code":43756,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(open)\n",[15,43758,43759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43760,43761,43763,43765,43767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43762,33145],{"class":142},[60,43764,130],{"class":74},[60,43766,43412],{"class":142},[60,43768,136],{"class":74},[46,43770,43772],{"id":43771},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43774,43775,43777],{},[15,43776,36020],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[33,43779,43780,43783,43786,43789],{},[36,43781,43782],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[36,43784,43785],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[36,43787,43788],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[36,43790,43791],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43793,43794,43795,43797],{},"So, ",[15,43796,36020],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43799,6473],{},[51,43801,43803],{"className":53,"code":43802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43804,43805,43818,43841,43845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43806,43807,43809,43811,43813,43816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43808,35681],{"class":66},[60,43810,71],{"class":70},[60,43812,91],{"class":78},[60,43814,43815],{"class":82},"a,b,c",[60,43817,2389],{"class":78},[60,43819,43820,43822,43824,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,43821,1162],{"class":66},[60,43823,71],{"class":70},[60,43825,43826],{"class":66}," text",[60,43828,123],{"class":74},[60,43830,35462],{"class":126},[60,43832,130],{"class":74},[60,43834,79],{"class":78},[60,43836,88],{"class":82},[60,43838,79],{"class":78},[60,43840,136],{"class":74},[60,43842,43843],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,43844,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,43846,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,43848,143],{"class":142},[60,43850,130],{"class":74},[60,43852,1212],{"class":126},[60,43854,136],{"class":74},[20,43856,6561],{},[51,43858,43859],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,43860,43861],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43862,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43864,353],{"class":74},[60,43866,356],{"class":78},[60,43868,551],{"class":82},[60,43870,356],{"class":78},[60,43872,88],{"class":74},[60,43874,365],{"class":78},[60,43876,2258],{"class":82},[60,43878,356],{"class":78},[60,43880,88],{"class":74},[60,43882,365],{"class":78},[60,43884,1895],{"class":82},[60,43886,356],{"class":78},[60,43888,108],{"class":74},[20,43890,43891],{},"A good workflow is:",[29706,43893,43894,43899,43902,43905],{},[36,43895,171,43896,43898],{},[15,43897,36020],{}," to inspect something",[36,43900,43901],{},"Write a tiny example",[36,43903,43904],{},"Check the result",[36,43906,43907],{},"Repeat",[46,43909,43911],{"id":43910},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43913,43914,2360,43916,43918],{},[15,43915,36020],{},[15,43917,35305],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[415,43920,43921],{"id":33145},[15,43922,36020],{},[20,43924,171,43925,43927],{},[15,43926,36020],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43929,43930],{},"It tells you:",[33,43932,43933,43936,43939],{},[36,43934,43935],{},"What something is",[36,43937,43938],{},"How to use it",[36,43940,43941],{},"What parameters it accepts",[415,43943,43944],{"id":35366},[15,43945,35305],{},[20,43947,171,43948,43950],{},[15,43949,35305],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[51,43952,43954],{"className":53,"code":43953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dir(str)\n",[15,43955,43956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43957,43958,43960,43962,43964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43959,35366],{"class":142},[60,43961,130],{"class":74},[60,43963,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43965,136],{"class":74},[20,43967,43968,43969,287,43971,18066,43973,123],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43970,35462],{},[15,43972,9631],{},[15,43974,9637],{},[20,43976,43977,43978,3901],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43979,36020],{},[51,43981,43983],{"className":53,"code":43982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43984,43985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,43986,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,43988,33145],{"class":142},[60,43990,130],{"class":74},[60,43992,1528],{"class":1527},[60,43994,123],{"class":74},[60,43996,9637],{"class":25743},[60,43998,136],{"class":74},[20,44000,44001],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[33,44003,44004,44009],{},[36,44005,171,44006,44008],{},[15,44007,35305],{}," to discover options",[36,44010,171,44011,44013],{},[15,44012,36020],{}," to understand one option",[46,44015,3845],{"id":3844},[20,44017,44018,44019,123],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,44020,36020],{},[415,44022,9413,44024,44027,44028],{"id":44023},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,44025,44026],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,44029,44030],{},"help(len)",[20,44032,44033],{},"These are not always the same.",[51,44035,44037],{"className":53,"code":44036,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,44038,44039,44049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44042,33145],{"class":142},[60,44044,130],{"class":74},[60,44046,12157],{"class":142},[60,44048,136],{"class":74},[60,44050,44051,44053,44055,44057,44059,44061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44052,33145],{"class":142},[60,44054,130],{"class":74},[60,44056,356],{"class":78},[60,44058,12157],{"class":82},[60,44060,356],{"class":78},[60,44062,136],{"class":74},[20,44064,44065,44067],{},[15,44066,44030],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,44069,44070,44072,44073,44076],{},[15,44071,44026],{}," treats ",[15,44074,44075],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[415,44078,44080],{"id":44079},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,44082,44083,44085],{},[15,44084,36020],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,44087,44088],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[415,44090,44092],{"id":44091},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,44094,41329,44095,44097],{},[15,44096,36020],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,44099,236],{},[51,44101,44103],{"className":53,"code":44102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,44104,44105,44115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44106,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44108,33145],{"class":142},[60,44110,130],{"class":74},[60,44112,12157],{"class":142},[60,44114,136],{"class":74},[60,44116,44117,44119,44121,44123,44126,44128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44118,143],{"class":142},[60,44120,130],{"class":74},[60,44122,79],{"class":78},[60,44124,44125],{"class":82},"Done",[60,44127,79],{"class":78},[60,44129,136],{"class":74},[20,44131,44132],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[415,44134,38192,44136,9702,44138],{"id":44135},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,44137,36020],{},[15,44139,35305],{},[20,44141,44142,44143,123],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,44144,35305],{},[20,44146,44147,44148,123],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,44149,36020],{},[46,44151,44153],{"id":44152},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,44155,44156],{},"Open Python:",[51,44158,44159],{"className":53,"code":36536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,44160,44161],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44162,44163],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44164,36536],{"class":66},[20,44166,44167],{},"Then test these commands:",[51,44169,44171],{"className":53,"code":44170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,44172,44173,44183,44197,44211,44221,44236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44174,44175,44177,44179,44181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44176,33145],{"class":142},[60,44178,130],{"class":74},[60,44180,12157],{"class":142},[60,44182,136],{"class":74},[60,44184,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44186,33145],{"class":142},[60,44188,130],{"class":74},[60,44190,1528],{"class":1527},[60,44192,123],{"class":74},[60,44194,35462],{"class":25743},[60,44196,136],{"class":74},[60,44198,44199,44201,44203,44205,44207,44209],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44200,33145],{"class":142},[60,44202,130],{"class":74},[60,44204,9089],{"class":1527},[60,44206,123],{"class":74},[60,44208,14545],{"class":25743},[60,44210,136],{"class":74},[60,44212,44213,44215,44217,44219],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44214,33145],{"class":142},[60,44216,130],{"class":74},[60,44218,43412],{"class":142},[60,44220,136],{"class":74},[60,44222,44223,44225,44227,44229,44232,44234],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44224,33145],{"class":142},[60,44226,130],{"class":74},[60,44228,356],{"class":78},[60,44230,44231],{"class":82},"keywords",[60,44233,356],{"class":78},[60,44235,136],{"class":74},[60,44237,44238,44240,44242,44244],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,44239,35366],{"class":142},[60,44241,130],{"class":74},[60,44243,1528],{"class":1527},[60,44245,136],{"class":74},[20,44247,44248],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[33,44250,44251,44254,44257,44260,44263,44266],{},[36,44252,44253],{},"A built-in function",[36,44255,44256],{},"A string method",[36,44258,44259],{},"A list method",[36,44261,44262],{},"A built-in file function",[36,44264,44265],{},"A special help topic",[36,44267,16182,44268,44270],{},[15,44269,35305],{}," example for comparison",[46,44272,2804],{"id":2803},[415,44274,44276],{"id":44275},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,44278,44279],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[415,44281,44283],{"id":44282},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,44285,44286,44287,44289],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,44288,36020],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[51,44291,44293],{"className":53,"code":44292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,44294,44295,44307,44318,44337,44341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44298,35845],{"class":3082},[60,44300,35849],{"class":35848},[60,44302,130],{"class":74},[60,44304,8666],{"class":38650},[60,44306,9337],{"class":74},[60,44308,44309,44312,44315],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44310,44311],{"class":2275},"    \"\"\"",[60,44313,44314],{"class":2278},"Return a friendly greeting.",[60,44316,44317],{"class":2275},"\"\"\"\n",[60,44319,44320,44322,44325,44328,44330,44332,44334],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44321,35856],{"class":2665},[60,44323,44324],{"class":3082}," f",[60,44326,44327],{"class":82},"\"Hello, ",[60,44329,10275],{"class":1402},[60,44331,8666],{"class":66},[60,44333,23297],{"class":1402},[60,44335,44336],{"class":82},"!\"\n",[60,44338,44339],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44340,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,44342,44343,44345,44347,44349],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44344,33145],{"class":142},[60,44346,130],{"class":74},[60,44348,35890],{"class":126},[60,44350,136],{"class":74},[415,44352,44354],{"id":44353},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,44356,44357,44359,44360,44362],{},[15,44358,44030],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,44361,44026],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[415,44364,44366],{"id":44365},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,44368,44369],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[46,44371,2870],{"id":2869},[33,44373,44374,44379,44383,44388,44393],{},[36,44375,44376],{},[551,44377,44378],{"href":43591},"Python dir() function explained",[36,44380,44381],{},[551,44382,9438],{"href":3314},[36,44384,44385],{},[551,44386,44387],{"href":43343},"Python len() function explained",[36,44389,44390],{},[551,44391,44392],{"href":43638},"How import works in Python",[36,44394,44395],{},[551,44396,36150],{"href":43643},[20,44398,44399,44400,44402,44403,287,44405,18066,44407,44409,44410,3894,44413,44416],{},"Try ",[15,44401,36020],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,44404,12157],{},[15,44406,143],{},[15,44408,43448],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,44411,44412],{},"dir(str)",[15,44414,44415],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2912,44418,44419],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":44421},[44422,44423,44424,44425,44431,44432,44433,44434,44438,44446,44447,44453],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":43308,"depth":111,"text":43309},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":43433,"depth":111,"text":43434,"children":44426},[44427,44428,44429,44430],{"id":43437,"depth":139,"text":43438},{"id":43490,"depth":139,"text":43491},{"id":35499,"depth":139,"text":43328},{"id":35652,"depth":139,"text":43331},{"id":35910,"depth":111,"text":35911},{"id":43710,"depth":111,"text":43711},{"id":43771,"depth":111,"text":43772},{"id":43910,"depth":111,"text":43911,"children":44435},[44436,44437],{"id":33145,"depth":139,"text":36020},{"id":35366,"depth":139,"text":35305},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":44439},[44440,44442,44443,44444],{"id":44023,"depth":139,"text":44441},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":44079,"depth":139,"text":44080},{"id":44091,"depth":139,"text":44092},{"id":44135,"depth":139,"text":44445},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":44152,"depth":111,"text":44153},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":44448},[44449,44450,44451,44452],{"id":44275,"depth":139,"text":44276},{"id":44282,"depth":139,"text":44283},{"id":44353,"depth":139,"text":44354},{"id":44365,"depth":139,"text":44366},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":43237,"description":44454},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":44460,"title":44461,"body":44462,"description":45824,"extension":2980,"meta":45825,"navigation":304,"path":45826,"seo":45827,"stem":45828,"__hash__":45829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":44463,"toc":45797},[44464,44470,44475,44481,44491,44550,44560,44571,44576,44582,44584,44602,44610,44612,44614,44629,44632,44643,44645,44736,44739,44743,44748,44769,44771,44882,44884,44911,44922,44926,44929,45012,45014,45022,45028,45034,45038,45041,45151,45153,45166,45169,45183,45191,45198,45203,45217,45223,45336,45338,45399,45402,45408,45414,45417,45439,45442,45512,45515,45547,45554,45556,45559,45577,45580,45592,45598,45600,45605,45631,45634,45706,45708,45714,45717,45723,45726,45732,45742,45748,45751,45758,45761,45763,45794],[10,44465,163,44467,4591],{"id":44466},"python-id-function-explained",[15,44468,44469],{},"id()",[20,44471,33310,44472,44474],{},[15,44473,44469],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,44476,44477,44478,44480],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,44479,44469],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,44482,171,44483,44485,44486,44488,44489,123],{},[15,44484,44469],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[4753,44487,5632],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,44490,5690],{},[51,44492,44494],{"className":53,"code":44493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,44495,44496,44508,44522,44526,44536],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44497,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44499,8872],{"class":66},[60,44501,71],{"class":70},[60,44503,91],{"class":78},[60,44505,83],{"class":82},[60,44507,2389],{"class":78},[60,44509,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44511,143],{"class":142},[60,44513,130],{"class":74},[60,44515,13644],{"class":142},[60,44517,130],{"class":74},[60,44519,8666],{"class":126},[60,44521,1042],{"class":74},[60,44523,44524],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44525,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,44527,44528,44531,44533],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44529,44530],{"class":66},"other ",[60,44532,71],{"class":70},[60,44534,44535],{"class":66}," name\n",[60,44537,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44539,143],{"class":142},[60,44541,130],{"class":74},[60,44543,13644],{"class":142},[60,44545,130],{"class":74},[60,44547,31735],{"class":126},[60,44549,1042],{"class":74},[20,44551,44552,44553,44556,44557,44559],{},"In this example, ",[15,44554,44555],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,44558,44469],{}," values match.",[44561,44562,44563],"blockquote",{},[20,44564,171,44565,44567,44568,44570],{},[15,44566,44469],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,44569,5690],{}," for value comparison.",[46,44572,178,44574,181],{"id":44573},"what-id-does",[15,44575,44469],{},[20,44577,44578,44581],{},[15,44579,44580],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,44583,14046],{},[33,44585,44586,44589,44596,44599],{},[36,44587,44588],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[36,44590,44591,44592,44595],{},"It shows ",[4753,44593,44594],{},"object identity",", not object value",[36,44597,44598],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[36,44600,44601],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,44603,44604,44605,44609],{},"This is closely related to how ",[551,44606,44608],{"href":44607},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[46,44611,389],{"id":388},[20,44613,6435],{},[51,44615,44617],{"className":53,"code":44616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"id(object)\n",[15,44618,44619],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44620,44621,44623,44625,44627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44622,13644],{"class":142},[60,44624,130],{"class":74},[60,44626,43384],{"class":1527},[60,44628,136],{"class":74},[20,44630,44631],{},"Important details:",[33,44633,44634,44637,44640],{},[36,44635,44636],{},"It takes one argument",[36,44638,44639],{},"It returns an integer",[36,44641,44642],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,44644,236],{},[51,44646,44648],{"className":53,"code":44647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,44649,44650,44662,44670,44690,44694,44708,44722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44651,44652,44654,44656,44658,44660],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44653,35681],{"class":66},[60,44655,71],{"class":70},[60,44657,91],{"class":78},[60,44659,1008],{"class":82},[60,44661,2389],{"class":78},[60,44663,44664,44666,44668],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44665,3233],{"class":66},[60,44667,71],{"class":70},[60,44669,3783],{"class":1402},[60,44671,44672,44674,44676,44678,44680,44682,44684,44686,44688],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44673,664],{"class":66},[60,44675,71],{"class":70},[60,44677,75],{"class":74},[60,44679,1432],{"class":1402},[60,44681,88],{"class":74},[60,44683,1437],{"class":1402},[60,44685,88],{"class":74},[60,44687,1442],{"class":1402},[60,44689,108],{"class":74},[60,44691,44692],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44693,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,44695,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704,44706],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44697,143],{"class":142},[60,44699,130],{"class":74},[60,44701,13644],{"class":142},[60,44703,130],{"class":74},[60,44705,35702],{"class":126},[60,44707,1042],{"class":74},[60,44709,44710,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,44711,143],{"class":142},[60,44713,130],{"class":74},[60,44715,13644],{"class":142},[60,44717,130],{"class":74},[60,44719,3255],{"class":126},[60,44721,1042],{"class":74},[60,44723,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,44725,143],{"class":142},[60,44727,130],{"class":74},[60,44729,13644],{"class":142},[60,44731,130],{"class":74},[60,44733,716],{"class":126},[60,44735,1042],{"class":74},[20,44737,44738],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[46,44740,44742],{"id":44741},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,44744,44745,44746,123],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,44747,44469],{},[33,44749,44750,44757,44764],{},[36,44751,44752,44754,44755],{},[15,44753,5690],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[4753,44756,3487],{},[36,44758,44759,44761,44762],{},[15,44760,94],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[4753,44763,43384],{},[36,44765,44766,44768],{},[15,44767,44469],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44770,236],{},[51,44772,44774],{"className":53,"code":44773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44775,44776,44796,44816,44820,44837,44854,44868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44777,44778,44780,44782,44784,44786,44788,44790,44792,44794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44779,3569],{"class":66},[60,44781,71],{"class":70},[60,44783,75],{"class":74},[60,44785,1432],{"class":1402},[60,44787,88],{"class":74},[60,44789,1437],{"class":1402},[60,44791,88],{"class":74},[60,44793,1442],{"class":1402},[60,44795,108],{"class":74},[60,44797,44798,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44799,3596],{"class":66},[60,44801,71],{"class":70},[60,44803,75],{"class":74},[60,44805,1432],{"class":1402},[60,44807,88],{"class":74},[60,44809,1437],{"class":1402},[60,44811,88],{"class":74},[60,44813,1442],{"class":1402},[60,44815,108],{"class":74},[60,44817,44818],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44819,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,44821,44822,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832,44834],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44823,143],{"class":142},[60,44825,130],{"class":74},[60,44827,3569],{"class":126},[60,44829,5690],{"class":70},[60,44831,3574],{"class":126},[60,44833,2662],{"class":74},[60,44835,44836],{"class":4674},"   # True\n",[60,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849,44851],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44840,143],{"class":142},[60,44842,130],{"class":74},[60,44844,3569],{"class":126},[60,44846,94],{"class":2665},[60,44848,3574],{"class":126},[60,44850,2662],{"class":74},[60,44852,44853],{"class":4674},"   # False\n",[60,44855,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,44857,143],{"class":142},[60,44859,130],{"class":74},[60,44861,13644],{"class":142},[60,44863,130],{"class":74},[60,44865,551],{"class":126},[60,44867,1042],{"class":74},[60,44869,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878,44880],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,44871,143],{"class":142},[60,44873,130],{"class":74},[60,44875,13644],{"class":142},[60,44877,130],{"class":74},[60,44879,2258],{"class":126},[60,44881,1042],{"class":74},[20,44883,3196],{},[33,44885,44886,44894,44902],{},[36,44887,44888,5785,44891,44893],{},[15,44889,44890],{},"a == b",[15,44892,4616],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[36,44895,44896,5785,44899,44901],{},[15,44897,44898],{},"a is b",[15,44900,4685],{}," because they are different list objects",[36,44903,44904,2360,44907,44910],{},[15,44905,44906],{},"id(a)",[15,44908,44909],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44912,44913,44914,2360,44918,123],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[551,44915,44917],{"href":44916},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[551,44919,44921],{"href":44920},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[46,44923,44925],{"id":44924},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44927,44928],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[51,44930,44932],{"className":53,"code":44931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44933,44934,44954,44964,44968,44982,44997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,44935,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,44937,4629],{"class":66},[60,44939,71],{"class":70},[60,44941,75],{"class":74},[60,44943,1345],{"class":1402},[60,44945,88],{"class":74},[60,44947,1407],{"class":1402},[60,44949,88],{"class":74},[60,44951,8791],{"class":1402},[60,44953,108],{"class":74},[60,44955,44956,44959,44961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,44957,44958],{"class":66},"other_numbers ",[60,44960,71],{"class":70},[60,44962,44963],{"class":66}," numbers\n",[60,44965,44966],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,44967,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,44969,44970,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,44971,143],{"class":142},[60,44973,130],{"class":74},[60,44975,13644],{"class":142},[60,44977,130],{"class":74},[60,44979,4659],{"class":126},[60,44981,1042],{"class":74},[60,44983,44984,44986,44988,44990,44992,44995],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,44985,143],{"class":142},[60,44987,130],{"class":74},[60,44989,13644],{"class":142},[60,44991,130],{"class":74},[60,44993,44994],{"class":126},"other_numbers",[60,44996,1042],{"class":74},[60,44998,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45010],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,45000,143],{"class":142},[60,45002,130],{"class":74},[60,45004,4629],{"class":126},[60,45006,94],{"class":2665},[60,45008,45009],{"class":126}," other_numbers",[60,45011,136],{"class":74},[20,45013,6561],{},[51,45015,45016],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,45017,45018],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45019,45020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45021,4983],{"class":1611},[20,45023,45024,45025,45027],{},"The two ",[15,45026,44469],{}," values will also match.",[20,45029,23184,45030,45033],{},[15,45031,45032],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[46,45035,45037],{"id":45036},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,45039,45040],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[51,45042,45044],{"className":53,"code":45043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,45045,45046,45067,45088,45092,45107,45121,45136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45047,45048,45051,45053,45055,45057,45059,45061,45063,45065],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45049,45050],{"class":66},"list_a ",[60,45052,71],{"class":70},[60,45054,75],{"class":74},[60,45056,1432],{"class":1402},[60,45058,88],{"class":74},[60,45060,1437],{"class":1402},[60,45062,88],{"class":74},[60,45064,1442],{"class":1402},[60,45066,108],{"class":74},[60,45068,45069,45072,45074,45076,45078,45080,45082,45084,45086],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45070,45071],{"class":66},"list_b ",[60,45073,71],{"class":70},[60,45075,75],{"class":74},[60,45077,1432],{"class":1402},[60,45079,88],{"class":74},[60,45081,1437],{"class":1402},[60,45083,88],{"class":74},[60,45085,1442],{"class":1402},[60,45087,108],{"class":74},[60,45089,45090],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,45091,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,45093,45094,45096,45098,45100,45102,45105],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,45095,143],{"class":142},[60,45097,130],{"class":74},[60,45099,45050],{"class":126},[60,45101,5690],{"class":70},[60,45103,45104],{"class":126}," list_b",[60,45106,136],{"class":74},[60,45108,45109,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,45110,143],{"class":142},[60,45112,130],{"class":74},[60,45114,45050],{"class":126},[60,45116,94],{"class":2665},[60,45118,45104],{"class":126},[60,45120,136],{"class":74},[60,45122,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45134],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,45124,143],{"class":142},[60,45126,130],{"class":74},[60,45128,13644],{"class":142},[60,45130,130],{"class":74},[60,45132,45133],{"class":126},"list_a",[60,45135,1042],{"class":74},[60,45137,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45149],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,45139,143],{"class":142},[60,45141,130],{"class":74},[60,45143,13644],{"class":142},[60,45145,130],{"class":74},[60,45147,45148],{"class":126},"list_b",[60,45150,1042],{"class":74},[20,45152,6561],{},[51,45154,45156],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\n",[15,45157,45158,45162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45159,45160],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45161,4983],{"class":1611},[60,45163,45164],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45165,5044],{"class":1611},[20,45167,45168],{},"What this means:",[33,45170,45171,45174,45177],{},[36,45172,45173],{},"The lists are equal in value",[36,45175,45176],{},"They are not the same object",[36,45178,45179,45180,45182],{},"Their ",[15,45181,44469],{}," values are usually different",[20,45184,45185,45186,45188,45189,123],{},"This is why ",[15,45187,44469],{}," should not replace ",[15,45190,5690],{},[46,45192,45194,45195,45197],{"id":45193},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,45196,44469],{}," is useful",[20,45199,45200,45202],{},[15,45201,44469],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[33,45204,45205,45208,45211,45214],{},[36,45206,45207],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[36,45209,45210],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[36,45212,45213],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[36,45215,45216],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,45218,45219,45220,45222],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,45221,44469],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[51,45224,45226],{"className":53,"code":45225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,45227,45228,45252,45261,45265,45284,45288,45298,45308,45322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45229,45230,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45231,13081],{"class":66},[60,45233,71],{"class":70},[60,45235,75],{"class":74},[60,45237,79],{"class":78},[60,45239,551],{"class":82},[60,45241,79],{"class":78},[60,45243,88],{"class":74},[60,45245,91],{"class":78},[60,45247,2258],{"class":82},[60,45249,79],{"class":78},[60,45251,108],{"class":74},[60,45253,45254,45257,45259],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45255,45256],{"class":66},"copy_ref ",[60,45258,71],{"class":70},[60,45260,13119],{"class":66},[60,45262,45263],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,45264,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,45266,45267,45270,45272,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,45268,45269],{"class":66},"copy_ref",[60,45271,123],{"class":74},[60,45273,14545],{"class":126},[60,45275,130],{"class":74},[60,45277,79],{"class":78},[60,45279,1895],{"class":82},[60,45281,79],{"class":78},[60,45283,136],{"class":74},[60,45285,45286],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,45287,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,45289,45290,45292,45294,45296],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,45291,143],{"class":142},[60,45293,130],{"class":74},[60,45295,13128],{"class":126},[60,45297,136],{"class":74},[60,45299,45300,45302,45304,45306],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,45301,143],{"class":142},[60,45303,130],{"class":74},[60,45305,45269],{"class":126},[60,45307,136],{"class":74},[60,45309,45310,45312,45314,45316,45318,45320],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,45311,143],{"class":142},[60,45313,130],{"class":74},[60,45315,13644],{"class":142},[60,45317,130],{"class":74},[60,45319,13128],{"class":126},[60,45321,1042],{"class":74},[60,45323,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,45325,143],{"class":142},[60,45327,130],{"class":74},[60,45329,13644],{"class":142},[60,45331,130],{"class":74},[60,45333,45269],{"class":126},[60,45335,1042],{"class":74},[20,45337,6561],{},[51,45339,45341],{"className":53,"code":45340,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,45342,45343,45371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45344,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45346,353],{"class":74},[60,45348,356],{"class":78},[60,45350,551],{"class":82},[60,45352,356],{"class":78},[60,45354,88],{"class":74},[60,45356,365],{"class":78},[60,45358,2258],{"class":82},[60,45360,356],{"class":78},[60,45362,88],{"class":74},[60,45364,365],{"class":78},[60,45366,1895],{"class":82},[60,45368,356],{"class":78},[60,45370,108],{"class":74},[60,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383,45385,45387,45389,45391,45393,45395,45397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45374,353],{"class":74},[60,45376,356],{"class":78},[60,45378,551],{"class":82},[60,45380,356],{"class":78},[60,45382,88],{"class":74},[60,45384,365],{"class":78},[60,45386,2258],{"class":82},[60,45388,356],{"class":78},[60,45390,88],{"class":74},[60,45392,365],{"class":78},[60,45394,1895],{"class":82},[60,45396,356],{"class":78},[60,45398,108],{"class":74},[20,45400,45401],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[46,45403,45405,45406],{"id":45404},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,45407,44469],{},[20,45409,45410,45411,45413],{},"Do not use ",[15,45412,44469],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,45415,45416],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[33,45418,45419,45425,45431,45434],{},[36,45420,45421,45422,45424],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,45423,5690],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[36,45426,45427,45428,45430],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,45429,44469],{}," values across program runs",[36,45432,45433],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[36,45435,45436,45437],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,45438,44469],{},[20,45440,45441],{},"Bad example:",[51,45443,45445],{"className":53,"code":45444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45446,45447,45459,45471,45475,45497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45448,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45450,3569],{"class":66},[60,45452,71],{"class":70},[60,45454,91],{"class":78},[60,45456,38035],{"class":82},[60,45458,2389],{"class":78},[60,45460,45461,45463,45465,45467,45469],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45462,3596],{"class":66},[60,45464,71],{"class":70},[60,45466,91],{"class":78},[60,45468,38035],{"class":82},[60,45470,2389],{"class":78},[60,45472,45473],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,45474,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,45476,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,45478,7996],{"class":2665},[60,45480,15809],{"class":142},[60,45482,130],{"class":74},[60,45484,551],{"class":126},[60,45486,2662],{"class":74},[60,45488,7407],{"class":70},[60,45490,15809],{"class":142},[60,45492,130],{"class":74},[60,45494,2258],{"class":126},[60,45496,9337],{"class":74},[60,45498,45499,45501,45503,45505,45508,45510],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,45500,9064],{"class":142},[60,45502,130],{"class":74},[60,45504,79],{"class":78},[60,45506,45507],{"class":82},"The values are equal",[60,45509,79],{"class":78},[60,45511,136],{"class":74},[20,45513,45514],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[51,45516,45518],{"className":53,"code":45517,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,45519,45520,45533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45521,45522,45524,45527,45529,45531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45523,7996],{"class":2665},[60,45525,45526],{"class":66}," a ",[60,45528,5690],{"class":70},[60,45530,3574],{"class":66},[60,45532,7392],{"class":74},[60,45534,45535,45537,45539,45541,45543,45545],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45536,9064],{"class":142},[60,45538,130],{"class":74},[60,45540,79],{"class":78},[60,45542,45507],{"class":82},[60,45544,79],{"class":78},[60,45546,136],{"class":74},[20,45548,171,45549,3894,45551,45553],{},[15,45550,94],{},[15,45552,44469],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[46,45555,21795],{"id":21794},[20,45557,45558],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[33,45560,45561,45564,45567,45572],{},[36,45562,45563],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[36,45565,45566],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[36,45568,45569,45570],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,45571,44469],{},[36,45573,45574,45575],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,45576,44469],{},[20,45578,45579],{},"The important rule is:",[33,45581,45582,45587],{},[36,45583,171,45584,45586],{},[15,45585,5690],{}," to check value",[36,45588,171,45589,45591],{},[15,45590,94],{}," to check identity",[20,45593,45594,45595,45597],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,45596,44469],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[46,45599,3845],{"id":3844},[20,45601,45602,45603,3901],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,45604,44469],{},[33,45606,45607,45615,45618,45621,45626],{},[36,45608,9413,45609,45611,45612,45614],{},[15,45610,44469],{}," when ",[15,45613,5690],{}," should be used",[36,45616,45617],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[36,45619,45620],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[36,45622,45623,45624],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,45625,44469],{},[36,45627,9413,45628,45630],{},[15,45629,44469],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,45632,45633],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[51,45635,45637],{"className":53,"code":45636,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,45638,45639,45654,45668,45682,45696],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45640,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45642,143],{"class":142},[60,45644,130],{"class":74},[60,45646,13644],{"class":142},[60,45648,130],{"class":74},[60,45650,45651],{"class":126},"my_object",[60,45653,1042],{"class":74},[60,45655,45656,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45657,143],{"class":142},[60,45659,130],{"class":74},[60,45661,3569],{"class":126},[60,45663,5690],{"class":70},[60,45665,3574],{"class":126},[60,45667,136],{"class":74},[60,45669,45670,45672,45674,45676,45678,45680],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,45671,143],{"class":142},[60,45673,130],{"class":74},[60,45675,3569],{"class":126},[60,45677,94],{"class":2665},[60,45679,3574],{"class":126},[60,45681,136],{"class":74},[60,45683,45684,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,45685,143],{"class":142},[60,45687,130],{"class":74},[60,45689,2629],{"class":1527},[60,45691,130],{"class":74},[60,45693,45651],{"class":126},[60,45695,1042],{"class":74},[60,45697,45698,45700,45702,45704],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,45699,33145],{"class":142},[60,45701,130],{"class":74},[60,45703,13644],{"class":142},[60,45705,136],{"class":74},[46,45707,2804],{"id":2803},[415,45709,45711,45712,13710],{"id":45710},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,45713,44469],{},[20,45715,45716],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[415,45718,15896,45720,45722],{"id":45719},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,45721,44469],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,45724,45725],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[415,45727,22415,45729,45731],{"id":45728},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,45730,44469],{}," to compare two values?",[20,45733,31264,45734,45736,45737,3894,45739,45741],{},[15,45735,5690],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,45738,44469],{},[15,45740,94],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[415,45743,45745,45746,2863],{"id":45744},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,45747,44469],{},[20,45749,45750],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[415,45752,45754,45755,45757],{"id":45753},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45756,44469],{}," values?",[20,45759,45760],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[46,45762,2870],{"id":2869},[33,45764,45765,45770,45775,45780,45788],{},[36,45766,45767],{},[551,45768,45769],{"href":44607},"Python variables explained for beginners",[36,45771,45772],{},[551,45773,45774],{"href":44916},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[36,45776,45777],{},[551,45778,45779],{"href":44920},"Python data types overview",[36,45781,45782],{},[551,45783,163,45785,1579],{"href":45784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45786,45787],{},"isinstance()",[36,45789,45790],{},[551,45791,45793],{"href":45792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2912,45795,45796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":45798},[45799,45801,45802,45803,45804,45805,45807,45809,45810,45811,45823],{"id":44573,"depth":111,"text":45800},"What id() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":44741,"depth":111,"text":44742},{"id":44924,"depth":111,"text":44925},{"id":45036,"depth":111,"text":45037},{"id":45193,"depth":111,"text":45806},"When id() is useful",{"id":45404,"depth":111,"text":45808},"When not to use id()",{"id":21794,"depth":111,"text":21795},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":45812},[45813,45815,45817,45819,45821],{"id":45710,"depth":139,"text":45814},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45719,"depth":139,"text":45816},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45728,"depth":139,"text":45818},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45744,"depth":139,"text":45820},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45753,"depth":139,"text":45822},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":44461,"description":45824},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45831,"title":43179,"body":45832,"description":47472,"extension":2980,"meta":47473,"navigation":304,"path":47474,"seo":47475,"stem":47476,"__hash__":47477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45833,"toc":47438},[45834,45839,45844,45847,45849,45892,45897,45900,45905,45910,45913,45929,45931,45975,45977,46004,46006,46021,46023,46025,46027,46043,46045,46057,46060,46094,46097,46122,46127,46129,46134,46138,46141,46143,46191,46193,46226,46232,46243,46245,46297,46299,46330,46332,46336,46340,46383,46389,46395,46447,46455,46460,46464,46555,46557,46590,46593,46595,46655,46657,46683,46693,46695,46699,46704,46709,46711,46748,46750,46769,46772,46776,46779,46835,46847,46856,46858,46885,46893,46900,46904,46907,46944,46947,46953,46990,46992,46996,47002,47020,47025,47073,47077,47166,47169,47176,47178,47180,47185,47203,47205,47248,47254,47271,47273,47335,47337,47339,47345,47353,47359,47365,47374,47384,47388,47396,47398,47400,47435],[10,45835,163,45837,4591],{"id":45836},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45838,3974],{},[20,45840,2997,45841,45843],{},[15,45842,3974],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45845,45846],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[46,45848,3022],{"id":3021},[51,45850,45852],{"className":53,"code":45851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45853,45854,45873],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45855,45856,45858,45860,45862,45864,45866,45869,45871],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45857,8872],{"class":66},[60,45859,71],{"class":70},[60,45861,9237],{"class":142},[60,45863,130],{"class":74},[60,45865,79],{"class":78},[60,45867,45868],{"class":82},"Enter your name: ",[60,45870,79],{"class":78},[60,45872,136],{"class":74},[60,45874,45875,45877,45879,45881,45884,45886,45888,45890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45876,143],{"class":142},[60,45878,130],{"class":74},[60,45880,79],{"class":78},[60,45882,45883],{"class":82},"Hello, ",[60,45885,79],{"class":78},[60,45887,2421],{"class":70},[60,45889,36982],{"class":126},[60,45891,136],{"class":74},[20,45893,171,45894,45896],{},[15,45895,3974],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45898,45899],"hr",{},[46,45901,178,45903,181],{"id":45902},"what-input-does",[15,45904,3974],{},[20,45906,45907,45909],{},[15,45908,3974],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45911,45912],{},"Here is what happens:",[33,45914,45915,45920,45923,45926],{},[36,45916,45917,45919],{},[15,45918,3974],{}," waits for the user to type",[36,45921,45922],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[36,45924,45925],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[36,45927,45928],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45930,236],{},[51,45932,45934],{"className":53,"code":45933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45935,45936,45956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45937,45938,45941,45943,45945,45947,45949,45952,45954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45939,45940],{"class":66},"color ",[60,45942,71],{"class":70},[60,45944,9237],{"class":142},[60,45946,130],{"class":74},[60,45948,79],{"class":78},[60,45950,45951],{"class":82},"What is your favorite color? ",[60,45953,79],{"class":78},[60,45955,136],{"class":74},[60,45957,45958,45960,45962,45964,45967,45969,45971,45973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45959,143],{"class":142},[60,45961,130],{"class":74},[60,45963,79],{"class":78},[60,45965,45966],{"class":82},"Your favorite color is",[60,45968,79],{"class":78},[60,45970,88],{"class":74},[60,45972,36845],{"class":126},[60,45974,136],{"class":74},[20,45976,31023],{},[51,45978,45980],{"className":53,"code":45979,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45981,45982,45995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,45983,45984,45986,45988,45991,45993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,45985,178],{"class":66},[60,45987,94],{"class":70},[60,45989,45990],{"class":66}," your favorite color",[60,45992,2863],{"class":38354},[60,45994,348],{"class":66},[60,45996,45997,46000,46002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,45998,45999],{"class":66},"Your favorite color ",[60,46001,94],{"class":70},[60,46003,348],{"class":66},[20,46005,20951],{},[33,46007,46008,46013,46018],{},[36,46009,46010,46011],{},"The prompt is ",[15,46012,45951],{},[36,46014,46015,46016],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,46017,33884],{},[36,46019,46020],{},"That value is then printed",[45898,46022],{},[46,46024,389],{"id":388},[20,46026,392],{},[51,46028,46030],{"className":53,"code":46029,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"input(prompt)\n",[15,46031,46032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46033,46034,46036,46038,46041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46035,43448],{"class":142},[60,46037,130],{"class":74},[60,46039,46040],{"class":126},"prompt",[60,46042,136],{"class":74},[20,46044,189],{},[33,46046,46047,46051,46054],{},[36,46048,2997,46049,21033],{},[15,46050,46040],{},[36,46052,46053],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[36,46055,46056],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,46058,46059],{},"Example with a prompt:",[51,46061,46063],{"className":53,"code":46062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,46064,46065,46084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46080,46082],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46068,8956],{"class":66},[60,46070,71],{"class":70},[60,46072,9237],{"class":142},[60,46074,130],{"class":74},[60,46076,79],{"class":78},[60,46078,46079],{"class":82},"Enter your username: ",[60,46081,79],{"class":78},[60,46083,136],{"class":74},[60,46085,46086,46088,46090,46092],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46087,143],{"class":142},[60,46089,130],{"class":74},[60,46091,8980],{"class":126},[60,46093,136],{"class":74},[20,46095,46096],{},"Example without a prompt:",[51,46098,46100],{"className":53,"code":46099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,46101,46102,46112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46103,46104,46106,46108,46110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46105,3462],{"class":66},[60,46107,71],{"class":70},[60,46109,9237],{"class":142},[60,46111,9640],{"class":74},[60,46113,46114,46116,46118,46120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46115,143],{"class":142},[60,46117,130],{"class":74},[60,46119,3487],{"class":126},[60,46121,136],{"class":74},[20,46123,8760,46124,46126],{},[15,46125,3974],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45898,46128],{},[46,46130,178,46132,12701],{"id":46131},"what-input-returns",[15,46133,3974],{},[20,46135,46136,9220],{},[15,46137,3974],{},[20,46139,46140],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,46142,236],{},[51,46144,46146],{"className":53,"code":46145,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,46147,46148,46167,46177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46149,46150,46152,46154,46156,46158,46160,46163,46165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46151,22623],{"class":66},[60,46153,71],{"class":70},[60,46155,9237],{"class":142},[60,46157,130],{"class":74},[60,46159,79],{"class":78},[60,46161,46162],{"class":82},"Enter your age: ",[60,46164,79],{"class":78},[60,46166,136],{"class":74},[60,46168,46169,46171,46173,46175],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46170,143],{"class":142},[60,46172,130],{"class":74},[60,46174,10296],{"class":126},[60,46176,136],{"class":74},[60,46178,46179,46181,46183,46185,46187,46189],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46180,143],{"class":142},[60,46182,130],{"class":74},[60,46184,2629],{"class":1527},[60,46186,130],{"class":74},[60,46188,10296],{"class":126},[60,46190,1042],{"class":74},[20,46192,31023],{},[51,46194,46196],{"className":53,"code":46195,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46197,46198,46208,46212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46199,46200,46203,46205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46201,46202],{"class":66},"Enter your age",[60,46204,3901],{"class":74},[60,46206,46207],{"class":1402}," 25\n",[60,46209,46210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46211,3723],{"class":1402},[60,46213,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46215,4304],{"class":70},[60,46217,4307],{"class":3082},[60,46219,365],{"class":78},[60,46221,1528],{"class":82},[60,46223,356],{"class":78},[60,46225,4316],{"class":70},[20,46227,46228,46229,46231],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,46230,10191],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,46233,46234,46235,3894,46239,123],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[551,46236,46237],{"href":3890},[15,46238,3893],{},[551,46240,46241],{"href":3897},[15,46242,3900],{},[20,46244,236],{},[51,46246,46248],{"className":53,"code":46247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,46249,46250,46273,46283],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46251,46252,46254,46256,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267,46269,46271],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46253,22623],{"class":66},[60,46255,71],{"class":70},[60,46257,46258],{"class":1527}," int",[60,46260,130],{"class":74},[60,46262,43448],{"class":142},[60,46264,130],{"class":74},[60,46266,79],{"class":78},[60,46268,46162],{"class":82},[60,46270,79],{"class":78},[60,46272,1042],{"class":74},[60,46274,46275,46277,46279,46281],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46276,143],{"class":142},[60,46278,130],{"class":74},[60,46280,10296],{"class":126},[60,46282,136],{"class":74},[60,46284,46285,46287,46289,46291,46293,46295],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46286,143],{"class":142},[60,46288,130],{"class":74},[60,46290,2629],{"class":1527},[60,46292,130],{"class":74},[60,46294,10296],{"class":126},[60,46296,1042],{"class":74},[20,46298,31023],{},[51,46300,46302],{"className":53,"code":46301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46303,46304,46312,46316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46305,46306,46308,46310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46307,46202],{"class":66},[60,46309,3901],{"class":74},[60,46311,46207],{"class":1402},[60,46313,46314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46315,3723],{"class":1402},[60,46317,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326,46328],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46319,4304],{"class":70},[60,46321,4307],{"class":3082},[60,46323,365],{"class":78},[60,46325,3206],{"class":82},[60,46327,356],{"class":78},[60,46329,4316],{"class":70},[45898,46331],{},[46,46333,46335],{"id":46334},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[415,46337,46339],{"id":46338},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[51,46341,46343],{"className":53,"code":46342,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,46344,46345,46364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46346,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46360,46362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46348,8872],{"class":66},[60,46350,71],{"class":70},[60,46352,9237],{"class":142},[60,46354,130],{"class":74},[60,46356,79],{"class":78},[60,46358,46359],{"class":82},"What is your name? ",[60,46361,79],{"class":78},[60,46363,136],{"class":74},[60,46365,46366,46368,46370,46372,46375,46377,46379,46381],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46367,143],{"class":142},[60,46369,130],{"class":74},[60,46371,79],{"class":78},[60,46373,46374],{"class":82},"Hello,",[60,46376,79],{"class":78},[60,46378,88],{"class":74},[60,46380,36982],{"class":126},[60,46382,136],{"class":74},[20,46384,46385,46386,46388],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,46387,8666],{}," and prints it.",[415,46390,46392,46393],{"id":46391},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,46394,3893],{},[51,46396,46398],{"className":53,"code":46397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,46399,46400,46423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46401,46402,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416,46419,46421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46403,22623],{"class":66},[60,46405,71],{"class":70},[60,46407,46258],{"class":1527},[60,46409,130],{"class":74},[60,46411,43448],{"class":142},[60,46413,130],{"class":74},[60,46415,79],{"class":78},[60,46417,46418],{"class":82},"How old are you? ",[60,46420,79],{"class":78},[60,46422,1042],{"class":74},[60,46424,46425,46427,46429,46431,46434,46436,46438,46441,46443,46445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46426,143],{"class":142},[60,46428,130],{"class":74},[60,46430,79],{"class":78},[60,46432,46433],{"class":82},"Next year you will be",[60,46435,79],{"class":78},[60,46437,88],{"class":74},[60,46439,46440],{"class":126}," age ",[60,46442,2354],{"class":70},[60,46444,6499],{"class":1402},[60,46446,136],{"class":74},[20,46448,7061,46449,46451,46452,46454],{},[15,46450,3893],{}," converts the text from ",[15,46453,3974],{}," into a whole number.",[20,46456,46457,46458,123],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[551,46459,9978],{"href":9977},[415,46461,46463],{"id":46462},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[51,46465,46467],{"className":53,"code":46466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,46468,46469,46493,46517,46531,46535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46470,46471,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46489,46491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46472,46473],{"class":66},"num1 ",[60,46475,71],{"class":70},[60,46477,46258],{"class":1527},[60,46479,130],{"class":74},[60,46481,43448],{"class":142},[60,46483,130],{"class":74},[60,46485,79],{"class":78},[60,46487,46488],{"class":82},"Enter the first number: ",[60,46490,79],{"class":78},[60,46492,1042],{"class":74},[60,46494,46495,46498,46500,46502,46504,46506,46508,46510,46513,46515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46496,46497],{"class":66},"num2 ",[60,46499,71],{"class":70},[60,46501,46258],{"class":1527},[60,46503,130],{"class":74},[60,46505,43448],{"class":142},[60,46507,130],{"class":74},[60,46509,79],{"class":78},[60,46511,46512],{"class":82},"Enter the second number: ",[60,46514,79],{"class":78},[60,46516,1042],{"class":74},[60,46518,46519,46521,46523,46526,46528],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46520,42169],{"class":66},[60,46522,71],{"class":70},[60,46524,46525],{"class":66}," num1 ",[60,46527,2354],{"class":70},[60,46529,46530],{"class":66}," num2\n",[60,46532,46533],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,46534,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,46536,46537,46539,46541,46543,46546,46548,46550,46553],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,46538,143],{"class":142},[60,46540,130],{"class":74},[60,46542,79],{"class":78},[60,46544,46545],{"class":82},"Total:",[60,46547,79],{"class":78},[60,46549,88],{"class":74},[60,46551,46552],{"class":126}," total",[60,46554,136],{"class":74},[20,46556,31023],{},[51,46558,46560],{"className":53,"code":46559,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,46561,46562,46572,46581],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46563,46564,46567,46569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46565,46566],{"class":66},"Enter the first number",[60,46568,3901],{"class":74},[60,46570,46571],{"class":1402}," 2\n",[60,46573,46574,46577,46579],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46575,46576],{"class":66},"Enter the second number",[60,46578,3901],{"class":74},[60,46580,1569],{"class":1402},[60,46582,46583,46586,46588],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46584,46585],{"class":66},"Total",[60,46587,3901],{"class":74},[60,46589,35836],{"class":1402},[20,46591,46592],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,46594,236],{},[51,46596,46598],{"className":53,"code":46597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,46599,46600,46618,46636,46640],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46601,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614,46616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46603,46473],{"class":66},[60,46605,71],{"class":70},[60,46607,9237],{"class":142},[60,46609,130],{"class":74},[60,46611,79],{"class":78},[60,46613,46488],{"class":82},[60,46615,79],{"class":78},[60,46617,136],{"class":74},[60,46619,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46621,46497],{"class":66},[60,46623,71],{"class":70},[60,46625,9237],{"class":142},[60,46627,130],{"class":74},[60,46629,79],{"class":78},[60,46631,46512],{"class":82},[60,46633,79],{"class":78},[60,46635,136],{"class":74},[60,46637,46638],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46639,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,46641,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46653],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,46643,143],{"class":142},[60,46645,130],{"class":74},[60,46647,46473],{"class":126},[60,46649,2354],{"class":70},[60,46651,46652],{"class":126}," num2",[60,46654,136],{"class":74},[20,46656,31023],{},[51,46658,46660],{"className":53,"code":46659,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,46661,46662,46670,46678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46663,46664,46666,46668],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46665,46566],{"class":66},[60,46667,3901],{"class":74},[60,46669,46571],{"class":1402},[60,46671,46672,46674,46676],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46673,46576],{"class":66},[60,46675,3901],{"class":74},[60,46677,1569],{"class":1402},[60,46679,46680],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46681,46682],{"class":1402},"23\n",[20,46684,46685,46686,46689,46690,123],{},"That happens because ",[15,46687,46688],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,46691,46692],{},"\"23\"",[45898,46694],{},[46,46696,46698],{"id":46697},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,46700,46701,46702,123],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,46703,3974],{},[415,46705,5706,46707,42529],{"id":46706},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,46708,3974],{},[20,46710,40187],{},[51,46712,46714],{"className":53,"code":46713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,46715,46716,46734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46717,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46728,46730,46732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46719,3462],{"class":66},[60,46721,71],{"class":70},[60,46723,9237],{"class":142},[60,46725,130],{"class":74},[60,46727,79],{"class":78},[60,46729,42858],{"class":82},[60,46731,79],{"class":78},[60,46733,136],{"class":74},[60,46735,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744,46746],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46737,143],{"class":142},[60,46739,130],{"class":74},[60,46741,2629],{"class":1527},[60,46743,130],{"class":74},[60,46745,3487],{"class":126},[60,46747,1042],{"class":74},[20,46749,153],{},[51,46751,46753],{"className":53,"code":46752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,46754,46755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46756,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765,46767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46758,4304],{"class":70},[60,46760,4307],{"class":3082},[60,46762,365],{"class":78},[60,46764,1528],{"class":82},[60,46766,356],{"class":78},[60,46768,4316],{"class":70},[20,46770,46771],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[415,46773,46775],{"id":46774},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46777,46778],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[51,46780,46782],{"className":53,"code":46781,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46783,46784,46802,46821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46785,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46787,3569],{"class":66},[60,46789,71],{"class":70},[60,46791,9237],{"class":142},[60,46793,130],{"class":74},[60,46795,79],{"class":78},[60,46797,42858],{"class":82},[60,46799,79],{"class":78},[60,46801,136],{"class":74},[60,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46817,46819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46805,3596],{"class":66},[60,46807,71],{"class":70},[60,46809,9237],{"class":142},[60,46811,130],{"class":74},[60,46813,79],{"class":78},[60,46815,46816],{"class":82},"Enter another number: ",[60,46818,79],{"class":78},[60,46820,136],{"class":74},[60,46822,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831,46833],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,46824,143],{"class":142},[60,46826,130],{"class":74},[60,46828,3569],{"class":126},[60,46830,2354],{"class":70},[60,46832,3574],{"class":126},[60,46834,136],{"class":74},[20,46836,42107,46837,2360,46839,46841,46842,19957,46845,123],{},[15,46838,3519],{},[15,46840,3154],{},", the result is ",[15,46843,46844],{},"45",[15,46846,3162],{},[415,46848,46850,46851,46853,46854],{"id":46849},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46852,41690],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46855,3893],{},[20,46857,236],{},[51,46859,46861],{"className":53,"code":46860,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46862,46863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46864,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46866,22623],{"class":66},[60,46868,71],{"class":70},[60,46870,46258],{"class":1527},[60,46872,130],{"class":74},[60,46874,43448],{"class":142},[60,46876,130],{"class":74},[60,46878,79],{"class":78},[60,46880,46162],{"class":82},[60,46882,79],{"class":78},[60,46884,1042],{"class":74},[20,46886,9266,46887,46890,46891,123],{},[15,46888,46889],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46892,41690],{},[20,46894,46895,46896,123],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[551,46897,46899],{"href":46898},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[415,46901,46903],{"id":46902},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46905,46906],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[51,46908,46910],{"className":53,"code":46909,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46911,46912,46930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46913,46914,46916,46918,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46915,8872],{"class":66},[60,46917,71],{"class":70},[60,46919,9237],{"class":142},[60,46921,130],{"class":74},[60,46923,79],{"class":78},[60,46925,45868],{"class":82},[60,46927,79],{"class":78},[60,46929,136],{"class":74},[60,46931,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46933,143],{"class":142},[60,46935,130],{"class":74},[60,46937,42766],{"class":142},[60,46939,130],{"class":74},[60,46941,8666],{"class":126},[60,46943,1042],{"class":74},[20,46945,46946],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46948,46949,46950,3901],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46951,46952],{},".strip()",[51,46954,46956],{"className":53,"code":46955,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46957,46958,46980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,46959,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,46961,8872],{"class":66},[60,46963,71],{"class":70},[60,46965,9237],{"class":142},[60,46967,130],{"class":74},[60,46969,79],{"class":78},[60,46971,45868],{"class":82},[60,46973,79],{"class":78},[60,46975,9628],{"class":74},[60,46977,9631],{"class":126},[60,46979,9640],{"class":74},[60,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,46983,143],{"class":142},[60,46985,130],{"class":74},[60,46987,8666],{"class":126},[60,46989,136],{"class":74},[45898,46991],{},[46,46993,46995],{"id":46994},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46997,46998,46999,47001],{},"These habits make ",[15,47000,3974],{}," easier and safer to use.",[33,47003,47004,47007,47012,47015],{},[36,47005,47006],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[36,47008,171,47009,47011],{},[15,47010,46952],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[36,47013,47014],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[36,47016,171,47017,47019],{},[15,47018,30775],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,47021,47022,47023,3901],{},"Example with ",[15,47024,46952],{},[51,47026,47028],{"className":53,"code":47027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,47029,47030,47054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47031,47032,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47046,47048,47050,47052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47033,47034],{"class":66},"city ",[60,47036,71],{"class":70},[60,47038,9237],{"class":142},[60,47040,130],{"class":74},[60,47042,79],{"class":78},[60,47044,47045],{"class":82},"Enter your city: ",[60,47047,79],{"class":78},[60,47049,9628],{"class":74},[60,47051,9631],{"class":126},[60,47053,9640],{"class":74},[60,47055,47056,47058,47060,47062,47065,47067,47069,47071],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47057,143],{"class":142},[60,47059,130],{"class":74},[60,47061,79],{"class":78},[60,47063,47064],{"class":82},"City:",[60,47066,79],{"class":78},[60,47068,88],{"class":74},[60,47070,32377],{"class":126},[60,47072,136],{"class":74},[20,47074,47022,47075,3901],{},[15,47076,30775],{},[51,47078,47080],{"className":53,"code":47079,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,47081,47082,47088,47111,47143,47151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47083,47084,47086],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47085,30797],{"class":2665},[60,47087,7392],{"class":74},[60,47089,47090,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47091,47092],{"class":66},"    age ",[60,47094,71],{"class":70},[60,47096,46258],{"class":1527},[60,47098,130],{"class":74},[60,47100,43448],{"class":142},[60,47102,130],{"class":74},[60,47104,79],{"class":78},[60,47106,46162],{"class":82},[60,47108,79],{"class":78},[60,47110,1042],{"class":74},[60,47112,47113,47115,47117,47119,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47139,47141],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47114,9064],{"class":142},[60,47116,130],{"class":74},[60,47118,79],{"class":78},[60,47120,47121],{"class":82},"You will be",[60,47123,79],{"class":78},[60,47125,88],{"class":74},[60,47127,46440],{"class":126},[60,47129,2354],{"class":70},[60,47131,6499],{"class":1402},[60,47133,88],{"class":74},[60,47135,91],{"class":78},[60,47137,47138],{"class":82},"next year",[60,47140,79],{"class":78},[60,47142,136],{"class":74},[60,47144,47145,47147,47149],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,47146,30828],{"class":2665},[60,47148,42913],{"class":1527},[60,47150,7392],{"class":74},[60,47152,47153,47155,47157,47159,47162,47164],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,47154,9064],{"class":142},[60,47156,130],{"class":74},[60,47158,79],{"class":78},[60,47160,47161],{"class":82},"Please enter a whole number.",[60,47163,79],{"class":78},[60,47165,136],{"class":74},[20,47167,47168],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,47170,47171,47172,123],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[551,47173,47175],{"href":47174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45898,47177],{},[46,47179,3845],{"id":3844},[20,47181,47182,47183,3901],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,47184,3974],{},[33,47186,47187,47194,47197,47200],{},[36,47188,47189,47190,3894,47192],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,47191,3893],{},[15,47193,3900],{},[36,47195,47196],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[36,47198,47199],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[36,47201,47202],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,47204,33075],{},[51,47206,47208],{"className":53,"code":47207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,47209,47210,47220,47234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47211,47212,47214,47216,47218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47213,143],{"class":142},[60,47215,130],{"class":74},[60,47217,3487],{"class":126},[60,47219,136],{"class":74},[60,47221,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47223,143],{"class":142},[60,47225,130],{"class":74},[60,47227,2629],{"class":1527},[60,47229,130],{"class":74},[60,47231,3487],{"class":126},[60,47233,1042],{"class":74},[60,47235,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47237,143],{"class":142},[60,47239,130],{"class":74},[60,47241,42766],{"class":142},[60,47243,130],{"class":74},[60,47245,3487],{"class":126},[60,47247,1042],{"class":74},[20,47249,47250,47251,47253],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,47252,3974],{}," actually returned:",[33,47255,47256,47261,47266],{},[36,47257,47258,47260],{},[15,47259,42814],{}," shows the value",[36,47262,47263,47265],{},[15,47264,42820],{}," shows the data type",[36,47267,47268,47270],{},[15,47269,42825],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,47272,236],{},[51,47274,47276],{"className":53,"code":47275,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,47277,47278,47297,47307,47321],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47279,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47293,47295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47281,3462],{"class":66},[60,47283,71],{"class":70},[60,47285,9237],{"class":142},[60,47287,130],{"class":74},[60,47289,79],{"class":78},[60,47291,47292],{"class":82},"Enter something: ",[60,47294,79],{"class":78},[60,47296,136],{"class":74},[60,47298,47299,47301,47303,47305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47300,143],{"class":142},[60,47302,130],{"class":74},[60,47304,3487],{"class":126},[60,47306,136],{"class":74},[60,47308,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47310,143],{"class":142},[60,47312,130],{"class":74},[60,47314,2629],{"class":1527},[60,47316,130],{"class":74},[60,47318,3487],{"class":126},[60,47320,1042],{"class":74},[60,47322,47323,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,47324,143],{"class":142},[60,47326,130],{"class":74},[60,47328,42766],{"class":142},[60,47330,130],{"class":74},[60,47332,3487],{"class":126},[60,47334,1042],{"class":74},[45898,47336],{},[46,47338,2804],{"id":2803},[415,47340,2808,47342,47344],{"id":47341},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,47343,3974],{}," return an integer?",[20,47346,47347,47348,47350,47351,40916],{},"No. ",[15,47349,3974],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,47352,3893],{},[415,47354,47356,47357,2863],{"id":47355},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,47358,3974],{},[20,47360,47361,47362,47364],{},"No. You can call ",[15,47363,3974],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[415,47366,6158,47368,47371,47372,2863],{"id":47367},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,47369,47370],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,47373,3974],{},[20,47375,30054,47376,47378,47379,43141,47381,47383],{},[15,47377,3974],{}," returns strings. ",[15,47380,46688],{},[15,47382,46692],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[415,47385,47387],{"id":47386},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,47389,171,47390,47392,47393,123],{},[15,47391,46952],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,47394,47395],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45898,47397],{},[46,47399,2870],{"id":2869},[33,47401,47402,47407,47411,47417,47423,47427],{},[36,47403,47404],{},[551,47405,47406],{"href":47174},"How to get user input in Python",[36,47408,47409],{},[551,47410,10055],{"href":9977},[36,47412,47413],{},[551,47414,163,47415,1579],{"href":3890},[15,47416,3893],{},[36,47418,47419],{},[551,47420,163,47421,1579],{"href":3897},[15,47422,3900],{},[36,47424,47425],{},[551,47426,46899],{"href":46898},[36,47428,47429],{},[551,47430,163,47432,1579],{"href":47431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,47433,47434],{},"print()",[2912,47436,47437],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":47439},[47440,47441,47443,47444,47446,47452,47460,47461,47462,47471],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":45902,"depth":111,"text":47442},"What input() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":46131,"depth":111,"text":47445},"What input() returns",{"id":46334,"depth":111,"text":46335,"children":47447},[47448,47449,47451],{"id":46338,"depth":139,"text":46339},{"id":46391,"depth":139,"text":47450},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":46462,"depth":139,"text":46463},{"id":46697,"depth":111,"text":46698,"children":47453},[47454,47456,47457,47459],{"id":46706,"depth":139,"text":47455},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46774,"depth":139,"text":46775},{"id":46849,"depth":139,"text":47458},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46902,"depth":139,"text":46903},{"id":46994,"depth":111,"text":46995},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":47463},[47464,47466,47468,47470],{"id":47341,"depth":139,"text":47465},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":47355,"depth":139,"text":47467},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":47367,"depth":139,"text":47469},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":47386,"depth":139,"text":47387},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":43179,"description":47472},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":47479,"title":43083,"body":47480,"description":49791,"extension":2980,"meta":49792,"navigation":304,"path":49793,"seo":49794,"stem":49795,"__hash__":49796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":47481,"toc":49743},[47482,47487,47492,47497,47518,47521,47523,47583,47585,47604,47609,47614,47619,47621,47634,47636,47719,47721,47762,47768,47770,47800,47806,47809,47826,47828,47880,47882,47900,47906,47912,47915,47933,47935,48008,48010,48029,48036,48042,48047,48050,48110,48112,48131,48134,48137,48152,48158,48162,48223,48225,48246,48250,48379,48381,48511,48521,48527,48533,48541,48607,48609,48634,48637,48654,48666,48672,48675,48708,48710,48723,48726,48769,48771,48779,48786,48790,48797,48801,48828,48830,48838,48844,48861,48866,48870,48897,48899,48907,48911,48916,48919,48945,48948,48957,48965,48969,48979,48983,48986,48988,49039,49041,49071,49081,49108,49110,49118,49128,49132,49135,49137,49185,49187,49231,49237,49288,49290,49309,49314,49319,49322,49341,49344,49396,49398,49407,49409,49413,49417,49420,49429,49436,49438,49465,49469,49471,49480,49483,49490,49495,49555,49559,49561,49569,49572,49598,49604,49607,49627,49629,49638,49646,49648,49654,49659,49666,49676,49682,49690,49694,49697,49699,49740],[10,47483,163,47485,4591],{"id":47484},"python-int-function-explained",[15,47486,3893],{},[20,47488,33310,47489,47491],{},[15,47490,3893],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,47493,36399,47494,47496],{},[15,47495,3893],{}," when they want to:",[33,47498,47499,47509,47512,47515],{},[36,47500,47501,47502,47505,47506],{},"turn text like ",[15,47503,47504],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,47507,47508],{},"42",[36,47510,47511],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[36,47513,47514],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[36,47516,47517],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,47519,47520],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[46,47522,3022],{"id":3021},[51,47524,47526],{"className":53,"code":47525,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47527,47528,47546,47560],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47529,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47531,143],{"class":142},[60,47533,130],{"class":74},[60,47535,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47537,130],{"class":74},[60,47539,79],{"class":78},[60,47541,47508],{"class":82},[60,47543,79],{"class":78},[60,47545,1042],{"class":74},[60,47547,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47549,143],{"class":142},[60,47551,130],{"class":74},[60,47553,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47555,130],{"class":74},[60,47557,42971],{"class":1402},[60,47559,1042],{"class":74},[60,47561,47562,47564,47566,47568,47570,47572,47575,47577,47579,47581],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47563,143],{"class":142},[60,47565,130],{"class":74},[60,47567,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47569,130],{"class":74},[60,47571,79],{"class":78},[60,47573,47574],{"class":82},"101",[60,47576,79],{"class":78},[60,47578,88],{"class":74},[60,47580,1437],{"class":1402},[60,47582,1042],{"class":74},[20,47584,153],{},[51,47586,47588],{"className":53,"code":47587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,47589,47590,47595,47600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47591,47592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47593,47594],{"class":1402},"42\n",[60,47596,47597],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47598,47599],{"class":1402},"3\n",[60,47601,47602],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47603,3963],{"class":1402},[20,47605,171,47606,47608],{},[15,47607,3893],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[46,47610,178,47612,181],{"id":47611},"what-int-does",[15,47613,3893],{},[20,47615,47616,47618],{},[15,47617,3893],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,47620,14046],{},[33,47622,47623,47628,47631],{},[36,47624,47625,47626,8337],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,47627,3206],{},[36,47629,47630],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[36,47632,47633],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,47635,236],{},[51,47637,47639],{"className":53,"code":47638,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,47640,47641,47653,47667,47671,47681,47691,47705],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47642,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47644,35681],{"class":66},[60,47646,71],{"class":70},[60,47648,91],{"class":78},[60,47650,10191],{"class":82},[60,47652,2389],{"class":78},[60,47654,47655,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47656,3233],{"class":66},[60,47658,71],{"class":70},[60,47660,46258],{"class":1527},[60,47662,130],{"class":74},[60,47664,35702],{"class":126},[60,47666,136],{"class":74},[60,47668,47669],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47670,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,47672,47673,47675,47677,47679],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,47674,143],{"class":142},[60,47676,130],{"class":74},[60,47678,35702],{"class":126},[60,47680,136],{"class":74},[60,47682,47683,47685,47687,47689],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,47684,143],{"class":142},[60,47686,130],{"class":74},[60,47688,3255],{"class":126},[60,47690,136],{"class":74},[60,47692,47693,47695,47697,47699,47701,47703],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,47694,143],{"class":142},[60,47696,130],{"class":74},[60,47698,2629],{"class":1527},[60,47700,130],{"class":74},[60,47702,35702],{"class":126},[60,47704,1042],{"class":74},[60,47706,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,47708,143],{"class":142},[60,47710,130],{"class":74},[60,47712,2629],{"class":1527},[60,47714,130],{"class":74},[60,47716,3255],{"class":126},[60,47718,1042],{"class":74},[20,47720,153],{},[51,47722,47724],{"className":53,"code":47723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,47725,47726,47730,47734,47748],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47727,47728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47729,3723],{"class":1402},[60,47731,47732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47733,3723],{"class":1402},[60,47735,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744,47746],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47737,4304],{"class":70},[60,47739,4307],{"class":3082},[60,47741,365],{"class":78},[60,47743,1528],{"class":82},[60,47745,356],{"class":78},[60,47747,4316],{"class":70},[60,47749,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,47751,4304],{"class":70},[60,47753,4307],{"class":3082},[60,47755,365],{"class":78},[60,47757,3206],{"class":82},[60,47759,356],{"class":78},[60,47761,4316],{"class":70},[20,47763,47764,47765,47767],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47766,3893],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[46,47769,389],{"id":388},[51,47771,47773],{"className":53,"code":47772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47774,47775,47785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47776,47777,47779,47781,47783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47778,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47780,130],{"class":74},[60,47782,3191],{"class":126},[60,47784,136],{"class":74},[60,47786,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47798],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47788,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47790,130],{"class":74},[60,47792,3191],{"class":126},[60,47794,88],{"class":74},[60,47796,47797],{"class":126}," base",[60,47799,136],{"class":74},[415,47801,47803],{"id":47802},"intx",[15,47804,47805],{},"int(x)",[20,47807,47808],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[33,47810,47811,47816,47821],{},[36,47812,47813,47814],{},"a string such as ",[15,47815,43113],{},[36,47817,47818,47819],{},"a float such as ",[15,47820,42971],{},[36,47822,47823,47824],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47825,4616],{},[20,47827,236],{},[51,47829,47831],{"className":53,"code":47830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47832,47833,47851,47866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47834,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47836,143],{"class":142},[60,47838,130],{"class":74},[60,47840,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47842,130],{"class":74},[60,47844,79],{"class":78},[60,47846,1345],{"class":82},[60,47848,79],{"class":78},[60,47850,1042],{"class":74},[60,47852,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861,47864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47854,143],{"class":142},[60,47856,130],{"class":74},[60,47858,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47860,130],{"class":74},[60,47862,47863],{"class":1402},"8.7",[60,47865,1042],{"class":74},[60,47867,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47869,143],{"class":142},[60,47871,130],{"class":74},[60,47873,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47875,130],{"class":74},[60,47877,4616],{"class":1611},[60,47879,1042],{"class":74},[20,47881,153],{},[51,47883,47885],{"className":53,"code":47884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47886,47887,47891,47895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47888,47889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47890,3391],{"class":1402},[60,47892,47893],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47894,3396],{"class":1402},[60,47896,47897],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47898,47899],{"class":1402},"1\n",[415,47901,47903],{"id":47902},"intx-base",[15,47904,47905],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47907,47908,47909,47911],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47910,3191],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47913,47914],{},"Common bases:",[33,47916,47917,47922,47927],{},[36,47918,47919,47921],{},[15,47920,1925],{}," for binary",[36,47923,47924,47926],{},[15,47925,3360],{}," for octal",[36,47928,47929,47932],{},[15,47930,47931],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47934,236],{},[51,47936,47938],{"className":53,"code":47937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47939,47940,47962,47985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,47941,47942,47944,47946,47948,47950,47952,47954,47956,47958,47960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,47943,143],{"class":142},[60,47945,130],{"class":74},[60,47947,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47949,130],{"class":74},[60,47951,79],{"class":78},[60,47953,47574],{"class":82},[60,47955,79],{"class":78},[60,47957,88],{"class":74},[60,47959,1437],{"class":1402},[60,47961,1042],{"class":74},[60,47963,47964,47966,47968,47970,47972,47974,47977,47979,47981,47983],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,47965,143],{"class":142},[60,47967,130],{"class":74},[60,47969,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47971,130],{"class":74},[60,47973,79],{"class":78},[60,47975,47976],{"class":82},"17",[60,47978,79],{"class":78},[60,47980,88],{"class":74},[60,47982,7358],{"class":1402},[60,47984,1042],{"class":74},[60,47986,47987,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,48000,48002,48004,48006],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,47988,143],{"class":142},[60,47990,130],{"class":74},[60,47992,3206],{"class":1527},[60,47994,130],{"class":74},[60,47996,79],{"class":78},[60,47998,47999],{"class":82},"1A",[60,48001,79],{"class":78},[60,48003,88],{"class":74},[60,48005,14980],{"class":1402},[60,48007,1042],{"class":74},[20,48009,153],{},[51,48011,48013],{"className":53,"code":48012,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,48014,48015,48019,48024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48016,48017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48018,3963],{"class":1402},[60,48020,48021],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48022,48023],{"class":1402},"15\n",[60,48025,48026],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48027,48028],{"class":1402},"26\n",[20,48030,48031,48032,123],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[551,48033,48034,3318],{"href":3897},[15,48035,3900],{},[46,48037,9413,48039,48041],{"id":48038},"using-int-with-strings",[15,48040,3893],{}," with strings",[20,48043,48044,48046],{},[15,48045,3893],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,48048,48049],{},"Examples that work:",[51,48051,48053],{"className":53,"code":48052,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,48054,48055,48073,48091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48056,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069,48071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48058,143],{"class":142},[60,48060,130],{"class":74},[60,48062,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48064,130],{"class":74},[60,48066,79],{"class":78},[60,48068,3154],{"class":82},[60,48070,79],{"class":78},[60,48072,1042],{"class":74},[60,48074,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48076,143],{"class":142},[60,48078,130],{"class":74},[60,48080,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48082,130],{"class":74},[60,48084,79],{"class":78},[60,48086,3307],{"class":82},[60,48088,79],{"class":78},[60,48090,1042],{"class":74},[60,48092,48093,48095,48097,48099,48101,48103,48106,48108],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48094,143],{"class":142},[60,48096,130],{"class":74},[60,48098,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48100,130],{"class":74},[60,48102,79],{"class":78},[60,48104,48105],{"class":82},"  42  ",[60,48107,79],{"class":78},[60,48109,1042],{"class":74},[20,48111,153],{},[51,48113,48115],{"className":53,"code":48114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,48116,48117,48121,48127],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48118,48119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48120,3963],{"class":1402},[60,48122,48123,48125],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48124,929],{"class":70},[60,48126,3241],{"class":1402},[60,48128,48129],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48130,47594],{"class":1402},[20,48132,48133],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,48135,48136],{},"Examples that fail:",[51,48138,48140],{"className":53,"code":48139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,48141,48142,48147],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48143,48144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48145,48146],{"class":4674},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[60,48148,48149],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48150,48151],{"class":4674},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,48153,48154,48155,48157],{},"These raise ",[15,48156,41690],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[415,48159,48161],{"id":48160},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[51,48163,48165],{"className":53,"code":48164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,48166,48167,48185,48204],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48168,48169,48171,48173,48175,48177,48179,48181,48183],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48170,143],{"class":142},[60,48172,130],{"class":74},[60,48174,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48176,130],{"class":74},[60,48178,79],{"class":78},[60,48180,3137],{"class":82},[60,48182,79],{"class":78},[60,48184,1042],{"class":74},[60,48186,48187,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48200,48202],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48188,143],{"class":142},[60,48190,130],{"class":74},[60,48192,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48194,130],{"class":74},[60,48196,79],{"class":78},[60,48198,48199],{"class":82},"+7",[60,48201,79],{"class":78},[60,48203,1042],{"class":74},[60,48205,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216,48219,48221],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48207,143],{"class":142},[60,48209,130],{"class":74},[60,48211,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48213,130],{"class":74},[60,48215,79],{"class":78},[60,48217,48218],{"class":82},"-100",[60,48220,79],{"class":78},[60,48222,1042],{"class":74},[20,48224,153],{},[51,48226,48228],{"className":53,"code":48227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,48229,48230,48235,48239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48231,48232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48233,48234],{"class":1402},"0\n",[60,48236,48237],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48238,3097],{"class":1402},[60,48240,48241,48243],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48242,929],{"class":70},[60,48244,48245],{"class":1402},"100\n",[415,48247,48249],{"id":48248},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[51,48251,48253],{"className":53,"code":48252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,48254,48255,48293,48297,48309,48316,48331,48346],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48256,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48276,48278,48280,48282,48284,48286,48289,48291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48258,1336],{"class":66},[60,48260,71],{"class":70},[60,48262,75],{"class":74},[60,48264,79],{"class":78},[60,48266,41129],{"class":82},[60,48268,79],{"class":78},[60,48270,88],{"class":74},[60,48272,91],{"class":78},[60,48274,48275],{"class":82},"12abc",[60,48277,79],{"class":78},[60,48279,88],{"class":74},[60,48281,834],{"class":78},[60,48283,88],{"class":74},[60,48285,91],{"class":78},[60,48287,48288],{"class":82},"seven",[60,48290,79],{"class":78},[60,48292,108],{"class":74},[60,48294,48295],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48296,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,48298,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48300,6960],{"class":2665},[60,48302,22579],{"class":66},[60,48304,2672],{"class":2665},[60,48306,1533],{"class":66},[60,48308,7392],{"class":74},[60,48310,48311,48314],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,48312,48313],{"class":2665},"    try",[60,48315,7392],{"class":74},[60,48317,48318,48321,48323,48325,48327,48329],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,48319,48320],{"class":142},"        print",[60,48322,130],{"class":74},[60,48324,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48326,130],{"class":74},[60,48328,3487],{"class":126},[60,48330,1042],{"class":74},[60,48332,48333,48336,48338,48341,48344],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,48334,48335],{"class":2665},"    except",[60,48337,42913],{"class":1527},[60,48339,48340],{"class":2665}," as",[60,48342,48343],{"class":66}," error",[60,48345,7392],{"class":74},[60,48347,48348,48350,48352,48354,48356,48358,48360,48363,48365,48368,48370,48373,48375,48377],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,48349,48320],{"class":142},[60,48351,130],{"class":74},[60,48353,23288],{"class":3082},[60,48355,79],{"class":82},[60,48357,10275],{"class":1402},[60,48359,3487],{"class":126},[60,48361,48362],{"class":3082},"!r",[60,48364,23297],{"class":1402},[60,48366,48367],{"class":82}," -> ",[60,48369,10275],{"class":1402},[60,48371,48372],{"class":126},"error",[60,48374,23297],{"class":1402},[60,48376,79],{"class":82},[60,48378,136],{"class":74},[20,48380,153],{},[51,48382,48384],{"className":53,"code":48383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,48385,48386,48422,48454,48479],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48387,48388,48390,48392,48394,48397,48400,48402,48404,48406,48409,48412,48414,48416,48418,48420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48389,356],{"class":2275},[60,48391,41129],{"class":2278},[60,48393,356],{"class":2275},[60,48395,48396],{"class":38354}," ->",[60,48398,48399],{"class":66}," invalid literal ",[60,48401,6960],{"class":2665},[60,48403,46258],{"class":1527},[60,48405,8363],{"class":74},[60,48407,48408],{"class":2665}," with",[60,48410,48411],{"class":66}," base ",[60,48413,1345],{"class":1402},[60,48415,3901],{"class":74},[60,48417,365],{"class":78},[60,48419,41129],{"class":82},[60,48421,30693],{"class":78},[60,48423,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450,48452],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48425,356],{"class":78},[60,48427,48275],{"class":82},[60,48429,356],{"class":78},[60,48431,48396],{"class":38354},[60,48433,48399],{"class":66},[60,48435,6960],{"class":2665},[60,48437,46258],{"class":1527},[60,48439,8363],{"class":74},[60,48441,48408],{"class":2665},[60,48443,48411],{"class":66},[60,48445,1345],{"class":1402},[60,48447,3901],{"class":74},[60,48449,365],{"class":78},[60,48451,48275],{"class":82},[60,48453,30693],{"class":78},[60,48455,48456,48458,48460,48462,48464,48466,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48457,4784],{"class":78},[60,48459,48396],{"class":38354},[60,48461,48399],{"class":66},[60,48463,6960],{"class":2665},[60,48465,46258],{"class":1527},[60,48467,8363],{"class":74},[60,48469,48408],{"class":2665},[60,48471,48411],{"class":66},[60,48473,1345],{"class":1402},[60,48475,3901],{"class":74},[60,48477,48478],{"class":78}," ''\n",[60,48480,48481,48483,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505,48507,48509],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,48482,356],{"class":78},[60,48484,48288],{"class":82},[60,48486,356],{"class":78},[60,48488,48396],{"class":38354},[60,48490,48399],{"class":66},[60,48492,6960],{"class":2665},[60,48494,46258],{"class":1527},[60,48496,8363],{"class":74},[60,48498,48408],{"class":2665},[60,48500,48411],{"class":66},[60,48502,1345],{"class":1402},[60,48504,3901],{"class":74},[60,48506,365],{"class":78},[60,48508,48288],{"class":82},[60,48510,30693],{"class":78},[20,48512,48513,48514,48516,48517,123],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[551,48515,9978],{"href":9977}," and the ",[551,48518,48519,3318],{"href":9214},[15,48520,3974],{},[46,48522,9413,48524,48526],{"id":48523},"using-int-with-floats",[15,48525,3893],{}," with floats",[20,48528,48529,48530,48532],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,48531,3893],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,48534,48535,48536,15046,48538,48540],{},"Important: ",[15,48537,3893],{},[4753,48539,5632],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[51,48542,48544],{"className":53,"code":48543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,48545,48546,48560,48575,48591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48547,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48549,143],{"class":142},[60,48551,130],{"class":74},[60,48553,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48555,130],{"class":74},[60,48557,42971],{"class":1402},[60,48559,1042],{"class":74},[60,48561,48562,48564,48566,48568,48570,48573],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48563,143],{"class":142},[60,48565,130],{"class":74},[60,48567,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48569,130],{"class":74},[60,48571,48572],{"class":1402},"3.1",[60,48574,1042],{"class":74},[60,48576,48577,48579,48581,48583,48585,48587,48589],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48578,143],{"class":142},[60,48580,130],{"class":74},[60,48582,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48584,130],{"class":74},[60,48586,929],{"class":70},[60,48588,42971],{"class":1402},[60,48590,1042],{"class":74},[60,48592,48593,48595,48597,48599,48601,48603,48605],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,48594,143],{"class":142},[60,48596,130],{"class":74},[60,48598,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48600,130],{"class":74},[60,48602,929],{"class":70},[60,48604,48572],{"class":1402},[60,48606,1042],{"class":74},[20,48608,153],{},[51,48610,48612],{"className":53,"code":48611,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,48613,48614,48618,48622,48628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48615,48616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48617,47599],{"class":1402},[60,48619,48620],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48621,47599],{"class":1402},[60,48623,48624,48626],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48625,929],{"class":70},[60,48627,47599],{"class":1402},[60,48629,48630,48632],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,48631,929],{"class":70},[60,48633,47599],{"class":1402},[20,48635,48636],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[33,48638,48639,48646],{},[36,48640,48641,43141,48644],{},[15,48642,48643],{},"int(3.9)",[15,48645,3079],{},[36,48647,48648,43141,48651],{},[15,48649,48650],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,48652,48653],{},"-3",[20,48655,48656,48657,48661,48662,123],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[551,48658,48659],{"href":3897},[15,48660,3900],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[551,48663,48664],{"href":1575},[15,48665,1578],{},[46,48667,9413,48669,48671],{"id":48668},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,48670,3893],{}," with booleans",[20,48673,48674],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[51,48676,48678],{"className":53,"code":48677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,48679,48680,48694],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48681,48682,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48683,143],{"class":142},[60,48685,130],{"class":74},[60,48687,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48689,130],{"class":74},[60,48691,4616],{"class":1611},[60,48693,1042],{"class":74},[60,48695,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704,48706],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48697,143],{"class":142},[60,48699,130],{"class":74},[60,48701,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48703,130],{"class":74},[60,48705,4685],{"class":1611},[60,48707,1042],{"class":74},[20,48709,153],{},[51,48711,48713],{"className":53,"code":48712,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n0\n",[15,48714,48715,48719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48716,48717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48718,47899],{"class":1402},[60,48720,48721],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48722,48234],{"class":1402},[20,48724,48725],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[51,48727,48729],{"className":53,"code":48728,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,48730,48731,48740,48755,48759],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48732,48733,48736,48738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48734,48735],{"class":66},"passed ",[60,48737,71],{"class":70},[60,48739,7422],{"class":1611},[60,48741,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750,48753],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,48743,42169],{"class":66},[60,48745,71],{"class":70},[60,48747,46258],{"class":1527},[60,48749,130],{"class":74},[60,48751,48752],{"class":126},"passed",[60,48754,136],{"class":74},[60,48756,48757],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,48758,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,48760,48761,48763,48765,48767],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,48762,143],{"class":142},[60,48764,130],{"class":74},[60,48766,42198],{"class":126},[60,48768,136],{"class":74},[20,48770,153],{},[51,48772,48773],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48774,48775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48776,48777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48778,47899],{"class":1402},[20,48780,48781,48782,123],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[551,48783,48784,3318],{"href":6782},[15,48785,4823],{},[46,48787,48789],{"id":48788},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48791,48792,48793,48796],{},"Use the ",[15,48794,48795],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[415,48798,48800],{"id":48799},"binary-example","Binary example",[51,48802,48804],{"className":53,"code":48803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48805,48806],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48807,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48809,143],{"class":142},[60,48811,130],{"class":74},[60,48813,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48815,130],{"class":74},[60,48817,79],{"class":78},[60,48819,47574],{"class":82},[60,48821,79],{"class":78},[60,48823,88],{"class":74},[60,48825,1437],{"class":1402},[60,48827,1042],{"class":74},[20,48829,153],{},[51,48831,48832],{"className":53,"code":3963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48833,48834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48835,48836],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48837,3963],{"class":1402},[20,48839,48840,48843],{},[15,48841,48842],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[33,48845,48846,48851,48856],{},[36,48847,48848],{},[15,48849,48850],{},"1 × 4",[36,48852,48853],{},[15,48854,48855],{},"0 × 2",[36,48857,48858],{},[15,48859,48860],{},"1 × 1",[20,48862,48863,48864,123],{},"So the result is ",[15,48865,3154],{},[415,48867,48869],{"id":48868},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[51,48871,48873],{"className":53,"code":48872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48874,48875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48876,48877,48879,48881,48883,48885,48887,48889,48891,48893,48895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48878,143],{"class":142},[60,48880,130],{"class":74},[60,48882,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48884,130],{"class":74},[60,48886,79],{"class":78},[60,48888,47999],{"class":82},[60,48890,79],{"class":78},[60,48892,88],{"class":74},[60,48894,14980],{"class":1402},[60,48896,1042],{"class":74},[20,48898,153],{},[51,48900,48901],{"className":53,"code":48028,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48902,48903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48904,48905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48906,48028],{"class":1402},[415,48908,48910],{"id":48909},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48912,2997,48913,48915],{},[15,48914,48795],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48917,48918],{},"Good:",[51,48920,48921],{"className":53,"code":48803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,48922,48923],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48924,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941,48943],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48926,143],{"class":142},[60,48928,130],{"class":74},[60,48930,3206],{"class":1527},[60,48932,130],{"class":74},[60,48934,79],{"class":78},[60,48936,47574],{"class":82},[60,48938,79],{"class":78},[60,48940,88],{"class":74},[60,48942,1437],{"class":1402},[60,48944,1042],{"class":74},[20,48946,48947],{},"Not correct:",[51,48949,48951],{"className":53,"code":48950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48952,48953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48954,48955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48956,48950],{"class":4674},[20,48958,48959,48960,9598,48962,48964],{},"That causes a ",[15,48961,1472],{},[15,48963,48795],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[46,48966,48968],{"id":48967},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48970,48971,48972,48974,48975,2360,48977,123],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48973,3893],{}," are ",[15,48976,41690],{},[15,48978,1472],{},[415,48980,48981],{"id":42500},[15,48982,41690],{},[20,48984,48985],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48987,236],{},[51,48989,48991],{"className":53,"code":48990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48992,48993,48999,49017,49029],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,48994,48995,48997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,48996,30797],{"class":2665},[60,48998,7392],{"class":74},[60,49000,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49002,9064],{"class":142},[60,49004,130],{"class":74},[60,49006,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49008,130],{"class":74},[60,49010,79],{"class":78},[60,49012,41129],{"class":82},[60,49014,79],{"class":78},[60,49016,1042],{"class":74},[60,49018,49019,49021,49023,49025,49027],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49020,30828],{"class":2665},[60,49022,42913],{"class":1527},[60,49024,48340],{"class":2665},[60,49026,48343],{"class":66},[60,49028,7392],{"class":74},[60,49030,49031,49033,49035,49037],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49032,9064],{"class":142},[60,49034,130],{"class":74},[60,49036,48372],{"class":126},[60,49038,136],{"class":74},[20,49040,153],{},[51,49042,49044],{"className":53,"code":49043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,49045,49046],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49047,49048,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065,49067,49069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49049,49050],{"class":66},"invalid literal ",[60,49052,6960],{"class":2665},[60,49054,46258],{"class":1527},[60,49056,8363],{"class":74},[60,49058,48408],{"class":2665},[60,49060,48411],{"class":66},[60,49062,1345],{"class":1402},[60,49064,3901],{"class":74},[60,49066,365],{"class":78},[60,49068,41129],{"class":82},[60,49070,30693],{"class":78},[20,49072,49073,49074,49077,49078,49080],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,49075,49076],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,49079,3893],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[51,49082,49084],{"className":53,"code":49083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,49085,49086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49087,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49089,143],{"class":142},[60,49091,130],{"class":74},[60,49093,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49095,130],{"class":74},[60,49097,3209],{"class":1527},[60,49099,130],{"class":74},[60,49101,79],{"class":78},[60,49103,41129],{"class":82},[60,49105,79],{"class":78},[60,49107,1992],{"class":74},[20,49109,153],{},[51,49111,49112],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49113,49114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49115,49116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49117,47599],{"class":1402},[20,49119,49120,49121,2360,49124,123],{},"If you see this often, read ",[551,49122,49123],{"href":3978},"how to convert string to int in Python",[551,49125,1999,49126],{"href":46898},[15,49127,46899],{},[415,49129,49130],{"id":42566},[15,49131,1472],{},[20,49133,49134],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,49136,236],{},[51,49138,49140],{"className":53,"code":49139,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49141,49142,49148,49162,49175],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49143,49144,49146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49145,30797],{"class":2665},[60,49147,7392],{"class":74},[60,49149,49150,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49151,9064],{"class":142},[60,49153,130],{"class":74},[60,49155,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49157,130],{"class":74},[60,49159,1585],{"class":1611},[60,49161,1042],{"class":74},[60,49163,49164,49166,49169,49171,49173],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49165,30828],{"class":2665},[60,49167,49168],{"class":1527}," TypeError",[60,49170,48340],{"class":2665},[60,49172,48343],{"class":66},[60,49174,7392],{"class":74},[60,49176,49177,49179,49181,49183],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49178,9064],{"class":142},[60,49180,130],{"class":74},[60,49182,48372],{"class":126},[60,49184,136],{"class":74},[20,49186,153],{},[51,49188,49190],{"className":53,"code":49189,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,49191,49192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49193,49194,49196,49198,49201,49203,49205,49208,49210,49213,49215,49218,49220,49222,49224,49226,49229],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49195,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49197,8363],{"class":74},[60,49199,49200],{"class":66}," argument must be a string",[60,49202,88],{"class":74},[60,49204,45526],{"class":66},[60,49206,49207],{"class":1527},"bytes",[60,49209,929],{"class":70},[60,49211,49212],{"class":66},"like ",[60,49214,43384],{"class":1527},[60,49216,49217],{"class":70}," or",[60,49219,41826],{"class":66},[60,49221,88],{"class":74},[60,49223,9094],{"class":70},[60,49225,365],{"class":78},[60,49227,49228],{"class":82},"NoneType",[60,49230,30693],{"class":78},[20,49232,49233,49234,49236],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,49235,48795],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[51,49238,49240],{"className":53,"code":49239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49241,49242,49248,49266,49278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49243,49244,49246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49245,30797],{"class":2665},[60,49247,7392],{"class":74},[60,49249,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258,49260,49262,49264],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49251,9064],{"class":142},[60,49253,130],{"class":74},[60,49255,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49257,130],{"class":74},[60,49259,47574],{"class":1402},[60,49261,88],{"class":74},[60,49263,1437],{"class":1402},[60,49265,1042],{"class":74},[60,49267,49268,49270,49272,49274,49276],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49269,30828],{"class":2665},[60,49271,49168],{"class":1527},[60,49273,48340],{"class":2665},[60,49275,48343],{"class":66},[60,49277,7392],{"class":74},[60,49279,49280,49282,49284,49286],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49281,9064],{"class":142},[60,49283,130],{"class":74},[60,49285,48372],{"class":126},[60,49287,136],{"class":74},[20,49289,153],{},[51,49291,49293],{"className":53,"code":49292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,49294,49295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49296,49297,49299,49301,49304,49306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49298,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49300,8363],{"class":74},[60,49302,49303],{"class":66}," can",[60,49305,356],{"class":78},[60,49307,49308],{"class":82},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[46,49310,5963,49312],{"id":49311},"when-to-use-int",[15,49313,3893],{},[20,49315,171,49316,49318],{},[15,49317,3893],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,49320,49321],{},"Common uses:",[33,49323,49324,49330,49333,49336],{},[36,49325,49326,49327,49329],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,49328,3974],{}," into integers",[36,49331,49332],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[36,49334,49335],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[36,49337,49338,49339,37604],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,49340,48795],{},[20,49342,49343],{},"Example with user input:",[51,49345,49347],{"className":53,"code":49346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,49348,49349,49363,49378,49382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49350,49351,49354,49356,49358,49361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49352,49353],{"class":66},"age_text ",[60,49355,71],{"class":70},[60,49357,91],{"class":78},[60,49359,49360],{"class":82},"18",[60,49362,2389],{"class":78},[60,49364,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49376],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49366,22623],{"class":66},[60,49368,71],{"class":70},[60,49370,46258],{"class":1527},[60,49372,130],{"class":74},[60,49374,49375],{"class":126},"age_text",[60,49377,136],{"class":74},[60,49379,49380],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49381,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,49383,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392,49394],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49385,143],{"class":142},[60,49387,130],{"class":74},[60,49389,22623],{"class":126},[60,49391,2354],{"class":70},[60,49393,6499],{"class":1402},[60,49395,136],{"class":74},[20,49397,153],{},[51,49399,49401],{"className":53,"code":49400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19\n",[15,49402,49403],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49404,49405],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49406,49400],{"class":1402},[46,49408,3845],{"id":3844},[20,49410,15726,49411,123],{},[15,49412,3893],{},[415,49414,49416],{"id":49415},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,49418,49419],{},"This fails:",[51,49421,49423],{"className":53,"code":49422,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,49424,49425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49426,49427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49428,49422],{"class":4674},[20,49430,49431,49432,49435],{},"Why: ",[15,49433,49434],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,49437,19834],{},[51,49439,49441],{"className":53,"code":49440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,49442,49443],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49444,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49446,143],{"class":142},[60,49448,130],{"class":74},[60,49450,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49452,130],{"class":74},[60,49454,3209],{"class":1527},[60,49456,130],{"class":74},[60,49458,79],{"class":78},[60,49460,42110],{"class":82},[60,49462,79],{"class":78},[60,49464,1992],{"class":74},[415,49466,49468],{"id":49467},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,49470,49419],{},[51,49472,49474],{"className":53,"code":49473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,49475,49476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49477,49478],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49479,49473],{"class":4674},[20,49481,49482],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[415,49484,49486,49487],{"id":49485},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,49488,49489],{},"int(None)",[20,49491,1922,49492,49494],{},[15,49493,1585],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[51,49496,49498],{"className":53,"code":49497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,49499,49500,49509,49513,49519,49533,49545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49501,49502,49504,49506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49503,3462],{"class":66},[60,49505,71],{"class":70},[60,49507,49508],{"class":1611}," None\n",[60,49510,49511],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49512,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,49514,49515,49517],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49516,30797],{"class":2665},[60,49518,7392],{"class":74},[60,49520,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49522,9064],{"class":142},[60,49524,130],{"class":74},[60,49526,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49528,130],{"class":74},[60,49530,3487],{"class":126},[60,49532,1042],{"class":74},[60,49534,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,49536,30828],{"class":2665},[60,49538,49168],{"class":1527},[60,49540,48340],{"class":2665},[60,49542,48343],{"class":66},[60,49544,7392],{"class":74},[60,49546,49547,49549,49551,49553],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,49548,9064],{"class":142},[60,49550,130],{"class":74},[60,49552,48372],{"class":126},[60,49554,136],{"class":74},[415,49556,49558],{"id":49557},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,49560,49419],{},[51,49562,49563],{"className":53,"code":48950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49564,49565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49566,49567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49568,48950],{"class":4674},[20,49570,49571],{},"Use a string instead:",[51,49573,49574],{"className":53,"code":48803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,49575,49576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49577,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49579,143],{"class":142},[60,49581,130],{"class":74},[60,49583,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49585,130],{"class":74},[60,49587,79],{"class":78},[60,49589,47574],{"class":82},[60,49591,79],{"class":78},[60,49593,88],{"class":74},[60,49595,1437],{"class":1402},[60,49597,1042],{"class":74},[415,49599,9449,49601,49603],{"id":49600},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,49602,3893],{}," to round",[20,49605,49606],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[51,49608,49610],{"className":53,"code":49609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,49611,49612],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49613,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49615,143],{"class":142},[60,49617,130],{"class":74},[60,49619,3206],{"class":1527},[60,49621,130],{"class":74},[60,49623,49624],{"class":1402},"4.9",[60,49626,1042],{"class":74},[20,49628,153],{},[51,49630,49632],{"className":53,"code":49631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n",[15,49633,49634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49635,49636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49637,49631],{"class":1402},[20,49639,4183,49640,49642,49643,49645],{},[15,49641,3154],{},", remember that ",[15,49644,3893],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[46,49647,2804],{"id":2803},[415,49649,2808,49651,49653],{"id":49650},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,49652,3893],{}," round numbers?",[20,49655,47347,49656,49658],{},[15,49657,3893],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[415,49660,6158,49662,49665],{"id":49661},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,49663,49664],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,49667,30054,49668,49670,49671,49673,49674,40916],{},[15,49669,49076],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,49672,3900],{}," first, then use ",[15,49675,3893],{},[415,49677,2846,49679,13710],{"id":49678},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,49680,49681],{},"int(True)",[20,49683,6148,49684,29307,49686,43141,49688,123],{},[15,49685,1432],{},[15,49687,4685],{},[15,49689,3137],{},[415,49691,49693],{"id":49692},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,49695,49696],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[46,49698,2870],{"id":2869},[33,49700,49701,49707,49713,49719,49724,49728,49734],{},[36,49702,49703],{},[551,49704,49705,1579],{"href":3897},[15,49706,3900],{},[36,49708,49709],{},[551,49710,49711,1579],{"href":1575},[15,49712,1578],{},[36,49714,49715],{},[551,49716,49717,1579],{"href":6782},[15,49718,4823],{},[36,49720,49721],{},[551,49722,49723],{"href":3978},"How to convert string to int in Python",[36,49725,49726],{},[551,49727,10055],{"href":9977},[36,49729,49730],{},[551,49731,49732,1579],{"href":9214},[15,49733,3974],{},[36,49735,49736],{},[551,49737,2898,49738],{"href":46898},[15,49739,46899],{},[2912,49741,49742],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":49744},[49745,49746,49748,49752,49757,49759,49761,49766,49770,49772,49781,49790],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":47611,"depth":111,"text":49747},"What int() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":49749},[49750,49751],{"id":47802,"depth":139,"text":47805},{"id":47902,"depth":139,"text":47905},{"id":48038,"depth":111,"text":49753,"children":49754},"Using int() with strings",[49755,49756],{"id":48160,"depth":139,"text":48161},{"id":48248,"depth":139,"text":48249},{"id":48523,"depth":111,"text":49758},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48668,"depth":111,"text":49760},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48788,"depth":111,"text":48789,"children":49762},[49763,49764,49765],{"id":48799,"depth":139,"text":48800},{"id":48868,"depth":139,"text":48869},{"id":48909,"depth":139,"text":48910},{"id":48967,"depth":111,"text":48968,"children":49767},[49768,49769],{"id":42500,"depth":139,"text":41690},{"id":42566,"depth":139,"text":1472},{"id":49311,"depth":111,"text":49771},"When to use int()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":49773},[49774,49775,49776,49778,49779],{"id":49415,"depth":139,"text":49416},{"id":49467,"depth":139,"text":49468},{"id":49485,"depth":139,"text":49777},"Trying int(None)",{"id":49557,"depth":139,"text":49558},{"id":49600,"depth":139,"text":49780},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":49782},[49783,49785,49787,49789],{"id":49650,"depth":139,"text":49784},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49661,"depth":139,"text":49786},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49678,"depth":139,"text":49788},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49692,"depth":139,"text":49693},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":43083,"description":49791},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49798,"title":49799,"body":49800,"description":51634,"extension":2980,"meta":51635,"navigation":304,"path":45784,"seo":51636,"stem":51637,"__hash__":51638},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49801,"toc":51590},[49802,49807,49812,49820,49829,49831,49890,49896,49901,49906,49909,49937,49940,49943,49954,49964,49966,49968,49988,49990,50018,50020,50059,50061,50069,50071,50074,50078,50131,50133,50145,50149,50206,50208,50220,50226,50232,50236,50239,50242,50308,50310,50322,50328,50330,50382,50385,50426,50429,50436,50445,50451,50454,50487,50493,50496,50527,50533,50536,50548,50552,50557,50561,50719,50721,50736,50739,50743,50847,50849,50866,50870,50931,50933,50941,50944,50948,51015,51017,51026,51032,51034,51043,51045,51080,51085,51087,51117,51121,51123,51160,51163,51165,51202,51208,51210,51260,51262,51270,51280,51286,51290,51295,51344,51346,51359,51362,51364,51367,51442,51445,51464,51467,51497,51507,51509,51514,51521,51527,51533,51540,51548,51554,51557,51559,51587],[10,49803,163,49805,4591],{"id":49804},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49806,45787],{},[20,49808,49809,49811],{},[15,49810,45787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49813,49814,49815,3894,49817,49819],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49816,4616],{},[15,49818,4685],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49821,49822,49823,49825,49826,49828],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49824,45787],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49827,3317],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[46,49830,49],{"id":48},[51,49832,49834],{"className":53,"code":49833,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49835,49836,49844,49848,49869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49837,49838,49840,49842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49839,3462],{"class":66},[60,49841,71],{"class":70},[60,49843,3601],{"class":1402},[60,49845,49846],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,49847,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,49849,49850,49852,49854,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,49851,143],{"class":142},[60,49853,130],{"class":74},[60,49855,49856],{"class":142},"isinstance",[60,49858,130],{"class":74},[60,49860,3487],{"class":126},[60,49862,88],{"class":74},[60,49864,46258],{"class":1527},[60,49866,6362],{"class":74},[60,49868,44836],{"class":4674},[60,49870,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883,49886,49888],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,49872,143],{"class":142},[60,49874,130],{"class":74},[60,49876,49856],{"class":142},[60,49878,130],{"class":74},[60,49880,3487],{"class":126},[60,49882,88],{"class":74},[60,49884,49885],{"class":1527}," str",[60,49887,6362],{"class":74},[60,49889,44853],{"class":4674},[20,49891,171,49892,49895],{},[15,49893,49894],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[46,49897,178,49899,181],{"id":49898},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49900,45787],{},[20,49902,49903,49905],{},[15,49904,45787],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49907,49908],{},"It:",[33,49910,49911,49914,49920,49923],{},[36,49912,49913],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[36,49915,12419,49916,3894,49918],{},[15,49917,4616],{},[15,49919,4685],{},[36,49921,49922],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[36,49924,49925,49926,287,49928,287,49930,287,49932,18066,49935],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49927,1528],{},[15,49929,3206],{},[15,49931,9089],{},[15,49933,49934],{},"tuple",[15,49936,9819],{},[20,49938,49939],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49941,49942],{},"For example, you might want to:",[33,49944,49945,49948,49951],{},[36,49946,49947],{},"loop through a list",[36,49949,49950],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[36,49952,49953],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49955,49956,49957,3894,49960,123],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[551,49958,45779],{"href":49959},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[551,49961,49963],{"href":49962},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[46,49965,389],{"id":388},[20,49967,3177],{},[51,49969,49971],{"className":53,"code":49970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49972,49973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,49974,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983,49986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,49976,49856],{"class":142},[60,49978,130],{"class":74},[60,49980,43384],{"class":1527},[60,49982,88],{"class":74},[60,49984,49985],{"class":126}," classinfo",[60,49987,136],{"class":74},[415,49989,418],{"id":417},[33,49991,49992,49997,50011],{},[36,49993,49994,49996],{},[15,49995,43384],{}," is the value you want to test",[36,49998,49999,50002,50003,287,50005,287,50007,432,50009],{},[15,50000,50001],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,50004,3206],{},[15,50006,1528],{},[15,50008,9089],{},[15,50010,9819],{},[36,50012,50013,50014,3894,50016],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,50015,4616],{},[15,50017,4685],{},[20,50019,236],{},[51,50021,50023],{"className":53,"code":50022,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,50024,50025,50037,50041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50028,8872],{"class":66},[60,50030,71],{"class":70},[60,50032,91],{"class":78},[60,50034,12504],{"class":82},[60,50036,2389],{"class":78},[60,50038,50039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50040,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50042,50043,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50044,143],{"class":142},[60,50046,130],{"class":74},[60,50048,49856],{"class":142},[60,50050,130],{"class":74},[60,50052,8666],{"class":126},[60,50054,88],{"class":74},[60,50056,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50058,1042],{"class":74},[20,50060,153],{},[51,50062,50063],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50064,50065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50066,50067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50068,4983],{"class":1611},[46,50070,12470],{"id":12469},[20,50072,50073],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[415,50075,50077],{"id":50076},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[51,50079,50081],{"className":53,"code":50080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,50082,50083,50091,50095,50113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50084,50085,50087,50089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50086,3462],{"class":66},[60,50088,71],{"class":70},[60,50090,46207],{"class":1402},[60,50092,50093],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50094,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50096,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50098,143],{"class":142},[60,50100,130],{"class":74},[60,50102,49856],{"class":142},[60,50104,130],{"class":74},[60,50106,3487],{"class":126},[60,50108,88],{"class":74},[60,50110,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50112,1042],{"class":74},[60,50114,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127,50129],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50116,143],{"class":142},[60,50118,130],{"class":74},[60,50120,49856],{"class":142},[60,50122,130],{"class":74},[60,50124,3487],{"class":126},[60,50126,88],{"class":74},[60,50128,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50130,1042],{"class":74},[20,50132,153],{},[51,50134,50135],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50136,50137,50141],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50138,50139],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50140,4983],{"class":1611},[60,50142,50143],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50144,5044],{"class":1611},[415,50146,50148],{"id":50147},"check-text","Check text",[51,50150,50152],{"className":53,"code":50151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,50153,50154,50166,50170,50188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50155,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50157,35681],{"class":66},[60,50159,71],{"class":70},[60,50161,91],{"class":78},[60,50163,1008],{"class":82},[60,50165,2389],{"class":78},[60,50167,50168],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50169,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50171,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50173,143],{"class":142},[60,50175,130],{"class":74},[60,50177,49856],{"class":142},[60,50179,130],{"class":74},[60,50181,35702],{"class":126},[60,50183,88],{"class":74},[60,50185,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50187,1042],{"class":74},[60,50189,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50191,143],{"class":142},[60,50193,130],{"class":74},[60,50195,49856],{"class":142},[60,50197,130],{"class":74},[60,50199,35702],{"class":126},[60,50201,88],{"class":74},[60,50203,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50205,1042],{"class":74},[20,50207,153],{},[51,50209,50210],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50211,50212,50216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50213,50214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50215,4983],{"class":1611},[60,50217,50218],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50219,5044],{"class":1611},[20,50221,50222,50223,50225],{},"In both examples, ",[15,50224,45787],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,50227,50228,50229,123],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[551,50230,50231],{"href":3978},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[46,50233,50235],{"id":50234},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,50237,50238],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,50240,50241],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[51,50243,50245],{"className":53,"code":50244,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,50246,50247,50256,50260,50284],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50248,50249,50251,50253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50250,3462],{"class":66},[60,50252,71],{"class":70},[60,50254,50255],{"class":1402}," 3.5\n",[60,50257,50258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50259,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50261,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50280,50282],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50263,143],{"class":142},[60,50265,130],{"class":74},[60,50267,49856],{"class":142},[60,50269,130],{"class":74},[60,50271,3487],{"class":126},[60,50273,88],{"class":74},[60,50275,1776],{"class":74},[60,50277,3206],{"class":1527},[60,50279,88],{"class":74},[60,50281,41241],{"class":1527},[60,50283,1992],{"class":74},[60,50285,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304,50306],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50287,143],{"class":142},[60,50289,130],{"class":74},[60,50291,49856],{"class":142},[60,50293,130],{"class":74},[60,50295,3487],{"class":126},[60,50297,88],{"class":74},[60,50299,1776],{"class":74},[60,50301,1528],{"class":1527},[60,50303,88],{"class":74},[60,50305,23553],{"class":1527},[60,50307,1992],{"class":74},[20,50309,153],{},[51,50311,50312],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50313,50314,50318],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50315,50316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50317,4983],{"class":1611},[60,50319,50320],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50321,5044],{"class":1611},[20,50323,50324,50325,50327],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,50326,41823],{}," conditions.",[20,50329,9293],{},[51,50331,50333],{"className":53,"code":50332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,50334,50335,50343,50347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50336,50337,50339,50341],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50338,3462],{"class":66},[60,50340,71],{"class":70},[60,50342,50255],{"class":1402},[60,50344,50345],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50346,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50348,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50350,143],{"class":142},[60,50352,130],{"class":74},[60,50354,2629],{"class":1527},[60,50356,130],{"class":74},[60,50358,3487],{"class":126},[60,50360,2662],{"class":74},[60,50362,7407],{"class":70},[60,50364,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50366,49217],{"class":2665},[60,50368,50369],{"class":1527}," type",[60,50371,130],{"class":74},[60,50373,3487],{"class":126},[60,50375,2662],{"class":74},[60,50377,7407],{"class":70},[60,50379,41241],{"class":1527},[60,50381,136],{"class":74},[20,50383,50384],{},"you can write this:",[51,50386,50388],{"className":53,"code":50387,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50389,50390,50398,50402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50391,50392,50394,50396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50393,3462],{"class":66},[60,50395,71],{"class":70},[60,50397,50255],{"class":1402},[60,50399,50400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50401,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50403,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50405,143],{"class":142},[60,50407,130],{"class":74},[60,50409,49856],{"class":142},[60,50411,130],{"class":74},[60,50413,3487],{"class":126},[60,50415,88],{"class":74},[60,50417,1776],{"class":74},[60,50419,3206],{"class":1527},[60,50421,88],{"class":74},[60,50423,41241],{"class":1527},[60,50425,1992],{"class":74},[20,50427,50428],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[46,50430,50432,11583,50434],{"id":50431},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,50433,45787],{},[15,50435,3317],{},[20,50437,2357,50438,2360,50440,50444],{},[15,50439,45787],{},[551,50441,50442],{"href":3314},[15,50443,3317],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[415,50446,50448],{"id":50447},"typevalue-int",[15,50449,50450],{},"type(value) == int",[20,50452,50453],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[51,50455,50457],{"className":53,"code":50456,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,50458,50459,50467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50460,50461,50463,50465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50462,3462],{"class":66},[60,50464,71],{"class":70},[60,50466,3601],{"class":1402},[60,50468,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50470,143],{"class":142},[60,50472,130],{"class":74},[60,50474,2629],{"class":1527},[60,50476,130],{"class":74},[60,50478,3487],{"class":126},[60,50480,2662],{"class":74},[60,50482,7407],{"class":70},[60,50484,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50486,136],{"class":74},[415,50488,50490],{"id":50489},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,50491,50492],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,50494,50495],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[51,50497,50499],{"className":53,"code":50498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,50500,50501,50509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50502,50503,50505,50507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50504,3462],{"class":66},[60,50506,71],{"class":70},[60,50508,3601],{"class":1402},[60,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50512,143],{"class":142},[60,50514,130],{"class":74},[60,50516,49856],{"class":142},[60,50518,130],{"class":74},[60,50520,3487],{"class":126},[60,50522,88],{"class":74},[60,50524,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50526,1042],{"class":74},[20,50528,50529,50530,50532],{},"For beginners, ",[15,50531,45787],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,50534,50535],{},"In everyday code:",[33,50537,50538,50543],{},[36,50539,40976,50540,50542],{},[15,50541,3317],{}," when you need the exact type",[36,50544,40976,50545,50547],{},[15,50546,45787],{}," when you want a practical type check",[46,50549,50551],{"id":50550},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,50553,50554,50555,123],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,50556,45787],{},[415,50558,50560],{"id":50559},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[51,50562,50564],{"className":53,"code":50563,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,50565,50566,50584,50603,50615,50620,50638,50649,50653,50665,50669,50693],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50567,50568,50570,50573,50575,50577,50579,50582],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50569,35845],{"class":3082},[60,50571,50572],{"class":35848}," repeat_text",[60,50574,130],{"class":74},[60,50576,35702],{"class":38650},[60,50578,88],{"class":74},[60,50580,50581],{"class":38650}," count",[60,50583,9337],{"class":74},[60,50585,50586,50588,50590,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50587,7397],{"class":2665},[60,50589,9094],{"class":70},[60,50591,50592],{"class":142}," isinstance",[60,50594,130],{"class":74},[60,50596,35702],{"class":126},[60,50598,88],{"class":74},[60,50600,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50602,9337],{"class":74},[60,50604,50605,50608,50610,50613],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50606,50607],{"class":2665},"        return",[60,50609,91],{"class":78},[60,50611,50612],{"class":82},"text must be a string",[60,50614,2389],{"class":78},[60,50616,50617],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50618,50619],{"class":66},"    \n",[60,50621,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,50623,7397],{"class":2665},[60,50625,9094],{"class":70},[60,50627,50592],{"class":142},[60,50629,130],{"class":74},[60,50631,42246],{"class":126},[60,50633,88],{"class":74},[60,50635,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50637,9337],{"class":74},[60,50639,50640,50642,50644,50647],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,50641,50607],{"class":2665},[60,50643,91],{"class":78},[60,50645,50646],{"class":82},"count must be an integer",[60,50648,2389],{"class":78},[60,50650,50651],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,50652,50619],{"class":66},[60,50654,50655,50657,50660,50662],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,50656,35856],{"class":2665},[60,50658,50659],{"class":66}," text ",[60,50661,40859],{"class":70},[60,50663,50664],{"class":66}," count\n",[60,50666,50667],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,50668,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50670,50671,50673,50675,50678,50680,50682,50685,50687,50689,50691],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,50672,143],{"class":142},[60,50674,130],{"class":74},[60,50676,50677],{"class":126},"repeat_text",[60,50679,130],{"class":74},[60,50681,79],{"class":78},[60,50683,50684],{"class":82},"Hi ",[60,50686,79],{"class":78},[60,50688,88],{"class":74},[60,50690,1442],{"class":1402},[60,50692,1042],{"class":74},[60,50694,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715,50717],{"class":62,"line":12590},[60,50696,143],{"class":142},[60,50698,130],{"class":74},[60,50700,50677],{"class":126},[60,50702,130],{"class":74},[60,50704,79],{"class":78},[60,50706,50684],{"class":82},[60,50708,79],{"class":78},[60,50710,88],{"class":74},[60,50712,91],{"class":78},[60,50714,3079],{"class":82},[60,50716,79],{"class":78},[60,50718,1042],{"class":74},[20,50720,153],{},[51,50722,50724],{"className":53,"code":50723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,50725,50726,50731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50727,50728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50729,50730],{"class":66},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[60,50732,50733],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50734,50735],{"class":66},"count must be an integer\n",[20,50737,50738],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[415,50740,50742],{"id":50741},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[51,50744,50746],{"className":53,"code":50745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,50747,50748,50780,50784,50800,50815,50832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50749,50750,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50751,3462],{"class":66},[60,50753,71],{"class":70},[60,50755,75],{"class":74},[60,50757,79],{"class":78},[60,50759,551],{"class":82},[60,50761,79],{"class":78},[60,50763,88],{"class":74},[60,50765,91],{"class":78},[60,50767,2258],{"class":82},[60,50769,79],{"class":78},[60,50771,88],{"class":74},[60,50773,91],{"class":78},[60,50775,1895],{"class":82},[60,50777,79],{"class":78},[60,50779,108],{"class":74},[60,50781,50782],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50783,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50785,50786,50788,50790,50792,50794,50796,50798],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50787,7996],{"class":2665},[60,50789,50592],{"class":142},[60,50791,130],{"class":74},[60,50793,3487],{"class":126},[60,50795,88],{"class":74},[60,50797,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50799,9337],{"class":74},[60,50801,50802,50804,50806,50808,50811,50813],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50803,9064],{"class":142},[60,50805,130],{"class":74},[60,50807,79],{"class":78},[60,50809,50810],{"class":82},"This is text",[60,50812,79],{"class":78},[60,50814,136],{"class":74},[60,50816,50817,50820,50822,50824,50826,50828,50830],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,50818,50819],{"class":2665},"elif",[60,50821,50592],{"class":142},[60,50823,130],{"class":74},[60,50825,3487],{"class":126},[60,50827,88],{"class":74},[60,50829,23553],{"class":1527},[60,50831,9337],{"class":74},[60,50833,50834,50836,50838,50840,50843,50845],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,50835,9064],{"class":142},[60,50837,130],{"class":74},[60,50839,79],{"class":78},[60,50841,50842],{"class":82},"This is a list",[60,50844,79],{"class":78},[60,50846,136],{"class":74},[20,50848,153],{},[51,50850,50852],{"className":53,"code":50851,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a list\n",[15,50853,50854],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50855,50856,50859,50861,50863],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50857,50858],{"class":66},"This ",[60,50860,94],{"class":70},[60,50862,45526],{"class":66},[60,50864,50865],{"class":1527},"list\n",[415,50867,50869],{"id":50868},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[51,50871,50873],{"className":53,"code":50872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50874,50875,50887,50891,50907,50921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50876,50877,50879,50881,50883,50885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50878,3462],{"class":66},[60,50880,71],{"class":70},[60,50882,91],{"class":78},[60,50884,47508],{"class":82},[60,50886,2389],{"class":78},[60,50888,50889],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50890,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50892,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50894,7996],{"class":2665},[60,50896,50592],{"class":142},[60,50898,130],{"class":74},[60,50900,3487],{"class":126},[60,50902,88],{"class":74},[60,50904,49885],{"class":1527},[60,50906,9337],{"class":74},[60,50908,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,50910,42877],{"class":66},[60,50912,71],{"class":70},[60,50914,46258],{"class":1527},[60,50916,130],{"class":74},[60,50918,3487],{"class":126},[60,50920,136],{"class":74},[60,50922,50923,50925,50927,50929],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,50924,9064],{"class":142},[60,50926,130],{"class":74},[60,50928,3255],{"class":126},[60,50930,136],{"class":74},[20,50932,153],{},[51,50934,50935],{"className":53,"code":47594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,50936,50937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50938,50939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50940,47594],{"class":1402},[20,50942,50943],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[415,50945,50947],{"id":50946},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[51,50949,50951],{"className":53,"code":50950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50952,50953,50977,50981,50997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,50954,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,50956,3462],{"class":66},[60,50958,71],{"class":70},[60,50960,11488],{"class":74},[60,50962,79],{"class":78},[60,50964,8666],{"class":82},[60,50966,79],{"class":78},[60,50968,3901],{"class":74},[60,50970,91],{"class":78},[60,50972,463],{"class":82},[60,50974,79],{"class":78},[60,50976,10306],{"class":74},[60,50978,50979],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,50980,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,50982,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,50984,7996],{"class":2665},[60,50986,50592],{"class":142},[60,50988,130],{"class":74},[60,50990,3487],{"class":126},[60,50992,88],{"class":74},[60,50994,10168],{"class":1527},[60,50996,9337],{"class":74},[60,50998,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51000,9064],{"class":142},[60,51002,130],{"class":74},[60,51004,3487],{"class":126},[60,51006,353],{"class":74},[60,51008,79],{"class":78},[60,51010,8666],{"class":82},[60,51012,79],{"class":78},[60,51014,2677],{"class":74},[20,51016,153],{},[51,51018,51020],{"className":53,"code":51019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n",[15,51021,51022],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51023,51024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51025,51019],{"class":66},[20,51027,51028,51029,51031],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,51030,1472],{}," messages later.",[46,51033,5520],{"id":5519},[415,51035,51037,51038,2600,51041],{"id":51036},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,51039,51040],{},"\"int\"",[15,51042,3206],{},[20,51044,17637],{},[51,51046,51048],{"className":53,"code":51047,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,51049,51050,51058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51051,51052,51054,51056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51053,3462],{"class":66},[60,51055,71],{"class":70},[60,51057,3601],{"class":1402},[60,51059,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51061,143],{"class":142},[60,51063,130],{"class":74},[60,51065,49856],{"class":142},[60,51067,130],{"class":74},[60,51069,3487],{"class":126},[60,51071,88],{"class":74},[60,51073,91],{"class":78},[60,51075,3206],{"class":82},[60,51077,79],{"class":78},[60,51079,1042],{"class":74},[20,51081,51082,51084],{},[15,51083,51040],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,51086,17649],{},[51,51088,51089],{"className":53,"code":50498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,51090,51091,51099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51092,51093,51095,51097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51094,3462],{"class":66},[60,51096,71],{"class":70},[60,51098,3601],{"class":1402},[60,51100,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51102,143],{"class":142},[60,51104,130],{"class":74},[60,51106,49856],{"class":142},[60,51108,130],{"class":74},[60,51110,3487],{"class":126},[60,51112,88],{"class":74},[60,51114,46258],{"class":1527},[60,51116,1042],{"class":74},[415,51118,51120],{"id":51119},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,51122,17637],{},[51,51124,51126],{"className":53,"code":51125,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,51127,51128,51136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51129,51130,51132,51134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51131,3462],{"class":66},[60,51133,71],{"class":70},[60,51135,35836],{"class":1402},[60,51137,51138,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154,51156,51158],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51139,143],{"class":142},[60,51141,130],{"class":74},[60,51143,49856],{"class":142},[60,51145,130],{"class":74},[60,51147,3487],{"class":126},[60,51149,88],{"class":74},[60,51151,75],{"class":74},[60,51153,3206],{"class":1527},[60,51155,88],{"class":74},[60,51157,41241],{"class":1527},[60,51159,2718],{"class":74},[20,51161,51162],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,51164,17649],{},[51,51166,51168],{"className":53,"code":51167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,51169,51170,51178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51171,51172,51174,51176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51173,3462],{"class":66},[60,51175,71],{"class":70},[60,51177,35836],{"class":1402},[60,51179,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51181,143],{"class":142},[60,51183,130],{"class":74},[60,51185,49856],{"class":142},[60,51187,130],{"class":74},[60,51189,3487],{"class":126},[60,51191,88],{"class":74},[60,51193,1776],{"class":74},[60,51195,3206],{"class":1527},[60,51197,88],{"class":74},[60,51199,41241],{"class":1527},[60,51201,1992],{"class":74},[415,51203,26767,51205,51207],{"id":51204},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,51206,45787],{}," converts a value",[20,51209,19907],{},[51,51211,51213],{"className":53,"code":51212,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,51214,51215,51228,51246,51250],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51216,51217,51219,51221,51223,51226],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51218,3462],{"class":66},[60,51220,71],{"class":70},[60,51222,91],{"class":78},[60,51224,51225],{"class":82},"123",[60,51227,2389],{"class":78},[60,51229,51230,51232,51234,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51231,114],{"class":66},[60,51233,71],{"class":70},[60,51235,50592],{"class":142},[60,51237,130],{"class":74},[60,51239,3487],{"class":126},[60,51241,88],{"class":74},[60,51243,46258],{"class":1527},[60,51245,136],{"class":74},[60,51247,51248],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,51249,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,51251,51252,51254,51256,51258],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51253,143],{"class":142},[60,51255,130],{"class":74},[60,51257,148],{"class":126},[60,51259,136],{"class":74},[20,51261,153],{},[51,51263,51264],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,51265,51266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51267,51268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51269,5044],{"class":1611},[20,51271,51272,51273,51276,51277,51279],{},"This does not convert ",[15,51274,51275],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,51278,51225],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,51281,51282,51283,2225],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,51284,51285],{},"int(value)",[415,51287,51289],{"id":51288},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,51291,51292,51294],{},[15,51293,45787],{}," does not modify anything.",[51,51296,51298],{"className":53,"code":51297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,51299,51300,51312,51316,51334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51301,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51303,3462],{"class":66},[60,51305,71],{"class":70},[60,51307,91],{"class":78},[60,51309,14550],{"class":82},[60,51311,2389],{"class":78},[60,51313,51314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51315,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,51319,143],{"class":142},[60,51321,130],{"class":74},[60,51323,49856],{"class":142},[60,51325,130],{"class":74},[60,51327,3487],{"class":126},[60,51329,88],{"class":74},[60,51331,49885],{"class":1527},[60,51333,1042],{"class":74},[60,51335,51336,51338,51340,51342],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51337,143],{"class":142},[60,51339,130],{"class":74},[60,51341,3487],{"class":126},[60,51343,136],{"class":74},[20,51345,153],{},[51,51347,51349],{"className":53,"code":51348,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n100\n",[15,51350,51351,51355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51352,51353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51354,4983],{"class":1611},[60,51356,51357],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51358,48245],{"class":1402},[20,51360,51361],{},"The value stays the same.",[46,51363,26935],{"id":26934},[20,51365,51366],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[51,51368,51370],{"className":53,"code":51369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,51371,51372,51386,51404,51428],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51373,51374,51376,51378,51380,51382,51384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51375,143],{"class":142},[60,51377,130],{"class":74},[60,51379,2629],{"class":1527},[60,51381,130],{"class":74},[60,51383,3487],{"class":126},[60,51385,1042],{"class":74},[60,51387,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51389,143],{"class":142},[60,51391,130],{"class":74},[60,51393,49856],{"class":142},[60,51395,130],{"class":74},[60,51397,3487],{"class":126},[60,51399,88],{"class":74},[60,51401,46258],{"class":1527},[60,51403,1042],{"class":74},[60,51405,51406,51408,51410,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,51407,143],{"class":142},[60,51409,130],{"class":74},[60,51411,49856],{"class":142},[60,51413,130],{"class":74},[60,51415,3487],{"class":126},[60,51417,88],{"class":74},[60,51419,1776],{"class":74},[60,51421,3206],{"class":1527},[60,51423,88],{"class":74},[60,51425,41241],{"class":1527},[60,51427,1992],{"class":74},[60,51429,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51431,143],{"class":142},[60,51433,130],{"class":74},[60,51435,42766],{"class":142},[60,51437,130],{"class":74},[60,51439,3487],{"class":126},[60,51441,1042],{"class":74},[20,51443,51444],{},"These can help when:",[33,51446,51447,51450,51455,51458],{},[36,51448,51449],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[36,51451,51452,51453],{},"you are getting a ",[15,51454,1472],{},[36,51456,51457],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[36,51459,51460,51461,51463],{},"the second argument to ",[15,51462,45787],{}," is invalid",[20,51465,51466],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[33,51468,51469,51483,51489,51494],{},[36,51470,51471,51472,3894,51475,51478,51479,3894,51481],{},"using ",[15,51473,51474],{},"'int'",[15,51476,51477],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,51480,3206],{},[15,51482,1528],{},[36,51484,51485,51486,51488],{},"expecting ",[15,51487,45787],{}," to convert a value",[36,51490,51471,51491,51493],{},[15,51492,3317],{}," when inherited types should also match",[36,51495,51496],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,51498,51499,51500,123],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[551,51501,51503,51504],{"href":51502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,51505,51506],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[46,51508,2804],{"id":2803},[415,51510,2846,51512,6145],{"id":51511},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,51513,45787],{},[20,51515,6148,51516,51518,51519,123],{},[15,51517,4616],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,51520,4685],{},[415,51522,6170,51524,51526],{"id":51523},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,51525,45787],{}," check more than one type?",[20,51528,51529,51530,123],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,51531,51532],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[415,51534,6180,51536,2360,51538,2863],{"id":51535},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,51537,45787],{},[15,51539,3317],{},[20,51541,51542,51544,51545,51547],{},[15,51543,3317],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,51546,45787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[415,51549,2808,51551,51553],{"id":51550},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,51552,45787],{}," convert a value?",[20,51555,51556],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[46,51558,2870],{"id":2869},[33,51560,51561,51567,51571,51576,51581],{},[36,51562,51563],{},[551,51564,163,51565,1579],{"href":3314},[15,51566,3317],{},[36,51568,51569],{},[551,51570,45779],{"href":49959},[36,51572,51573],{},[551,51574,51575],{"href":3978},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[36,51577,51578],{},[551,51579,51580],{"href":49962},"What is a data type in Python?",[36,51582,51583],{},[551,51584,51503,51585],{"href":51502},[15,51586,51506],{},[2912,51588,51589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":51591},[51592,51593,51595,51598,51602,51603,51608,51614,51622,51623,51633],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":49898,"depth":111,"text":51594},"What isinstance() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":51596},[51597],{"id":417,"depth":139,"text":418},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470,"children":51599},[51600,51601],{"id":50076,"depth":139,"text":50077},{"id":50147,"depth":139,"text":50148},{"id":50234,"depth":111,"text":50235},{"id":50431,"depth":111,"text":51604,"children":51605},"isinstance() vs type()",[51606,51607],{"id":50447,"depth":139,"text":50450},{"id":50489,"depth":139,"text":50492},{"id":50550,"depth":111,"text":50551,"children":51609},[51610,51611,51612,51613],{"id":50559,"depth":139,"text":50560},{"id":50741,"depth":139,"text":50742},{"id":50868,"depth":139,"text":50869},{"id":50946,"depth":139,"text":50947},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":51615},[51616,51618,51619,51621],{"id":51036,"depth":139,"text":51617},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":51119,"depth":139,"text":51120},{"id":51204,"depth":139,"text":51620},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":51288,"depth":139,"text":51289},{"id":26934,"depth":111,"text":26935},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":51624},[51625,51627,51629,51631],{"id":51511,"depth":139,"text":51626},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":51523,"depth":139,"text":51628},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":51535,"depth":139,"text":51630},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":51550,"depth":139,"text":51632},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49799,"description":51634},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51640,"title":51641,"body":51642,"description":53614,"extension":2980,"meta":53615,"navigation":304,"path":53616,"seo":53617,"stem":53618,"__hash__":53619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51643,"toc":53589},[51644,51647,51652,51657,51671,51674,51676,51751,51756,51760,51765,51768,51782,51784,51950,51962,51964,51966,51981,51984,51987,52000,52002,52100,52104,52110,52113,52122,52124,52159,52164,52185,52190,52195,52227,52230,52287,52291,52297,52300,52353,52355,52395,52398,52466,52469,52520,52527,52531,52537,52622,52628,52634,52683,52686,52689,52739,52741,52746,52750,52800,52804,52851,52855,52932,52936,53001,53004,53008,53013,53018,53030,53032,53051,53057,53060,53079,53084,53111,53118,53122,53128,53131,53226,53229,53232,53281,53286,53288,53292,53327,53330,53387,53397,53400,53434,53437,53439,53443,53446,53450,53453,53457,53460,53464,53477,53481,53486,53488,53538,53550,53552,53586],[10,51645,51641],{"id":51646},"python-len-function-explained",[20,51648,10120,51649,51651],{},[15,51650,43346],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,51653,36399,51654,51656],{},[15,51655,43346],{}," to count:",[33,51658,51659,51662,51665,51668],{},[36,51660,51661],{},"characters in a string",[36,51663,51664],{},"items in a list or tuple",[36,51666,51667],{},"keys in a dictionary",[36,51669,51670],{},"unique items in a set",[20,51672,51673],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[46,51675,3022],{"id":3021},[51,51677,51679],{"className":53,"code":51678,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,51680,51681,51693,51713,51717,51734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51682,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51684,35681],{"class":66},[60,51686,71],{"class":70},[60,51688,91],{"class":78},[60,51690,1008],{"class":82},[60,51692,2389],{"class":78},[60,51694,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51696,664],{"class":66},[60,51698,71],{"class":70},[60,51700,75],{"class":74},[60,51702,1345],{"class":1402},[60,51704,88],{"class":74},[60,51706,1407],{"class":1402},[60,51708,88],{"class":74},[60,51710,8791],{"class":1402},[60,51712,108],{"class":74},[60,51714,51715],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,51716,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,51718,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51720,143],{"class":142},[60,51722,130],{"class":74},[60,51724,12157],{"class":142},[60,51726,130],{"class":74},[60,51728,35702],{"class":126},[60,51730,6362],{"class":74},[60,51732,51733],{"class":4674},"   # 5\n",[60,51735,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,51737,143],{"class":142},[60,51739,130],{"class":74},[60,51741,12157],{"class":142},[60,51743,130],{"class":74},[60,51745,716],{"class":126},[60,51747,6362],{"class":74},[60,51749,51750],{"class":4674},"  # 3\n",[20,51752,171,51753,51755],{},[15,51754,43346],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[46,51757,51759],{"id":51758},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51761,51762,51764],{},[15,51763,43346],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51766,51767],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[33,51769,51770,51773,51776,51779],{},[36,51771,51772],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[36,51774,51775],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[36,51777,51778],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[36,51780,51781],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51783,236],{},[51,51785,51787],{"className":53,"code":51786,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51788,51789,51801,51826,51858,51878,51882,51899,51916,51933],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51790,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51792,8872],{"class":66},[60,51794,71],{"class":70},[60,51796,91],{"class":78},[60,51798,1781],{"class":82},[60,51800,2389],{"class":78},[60,51802,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,51804,4629],{"class":66},[60,51806,71],{"class":70},[60,51808,75],{"class":74},[60,51810,1345],{"class":1402},[60,51812,88],{"class":74},[60,51814,1407],{"class":1402},[60,51816,88],{"class":74},[60,51818,8791],{"class":1402},[60,51820,88],{"class":74},[60,51822,51823],{"class":1402}," 40",[60,51825,108],{"class":74},[60,51827,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846,51848,51850,51852,51854,51856],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,51829,10163],{"class":66},[60,51831,71],{"class":70},[60,51833,11488],{"class":74},[60,51835,79],{"class":78},[60,51837,551],{"class":82},[60,51839,79],{"class":78},[60,51841,3901],{"class":74},[60,51843,6499],{"class":1402},[60,51845,88],{"class":74},[60,51847,91],{"class":78},[60,51849,2258],{"class":82},[60,51851,79],{"class":78},[60,51853,3901],{"class":74},[60,51855,1437],{"class":1402},[60,51857,10306],{"class":74},[60,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870,51872,51874,51876],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,51861,1336],{"class":66},[60,51863,71],{"class":70},[60,51865,11488],{"class":74},[60,51867,3154],{"class":1402},[60,51869,88],{"class":74},[60,51871,38631],{"class":1402},[60,51873,88],{"class":74},[60,51875,6994],{"class":1402},[60,51877,10306],{"class":74},[60,51879,51880],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,51881,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,51883,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,51885,143],{"class":142},[60,51887,130],{"class":74},[60,51889,12157],{"class":142},[60,51891,130],{"class":74},[60,51893,8666],{"class":126},[60,51895,6362],{"class":74},[60,51897,51898],{"class":4674},"     # 3\n",[60,51900,51901,51903,51905,51907,51909,51911,51913],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,51902,143],{"class":142},[60,51904,130],{"class":74},[60,51906,12157],{"class":142},[60,51908,130],{"class":74},[60,51910,4659],{"class":126},[60,51912,6362],{"class":74},[60,51914,51915],{"class":4674},"  # 4\n",[60,51917,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928,51930],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,51919,143],{"class":142},[60,51921,130],{"class":74},[60,51923,12157],{"class":142},[60,51925,130],{"class":74},[60,51927,10202],{"class":126},[60,51929,6362],{"class":74},[60,51931,51932],{"class":4674},"     # 2\n",[60,51934,51935,51937,51939,51941,51943,51945,51947],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,51936,143],{"class":142},[60,51938,130],{"class":74},[60,51940,12157],{"class":142},[60,51942,130],{"class":74},[60,51944,1388],{"class":126},[60,51946,6362],{"class":74},[60,51948,51949],{"class":4674},"   # 3\n",[20,51951,51952,51953,287,51956,18066,51960,123],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[551,51954,51955],{"href":553},"Python strings explained",[551,51957,51959],{"href":51958},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[551,51961,10153],{"href":10152},[46,51963,389],{"id":388},[20,51965,3177],{},[51,51967,51969],{"className":53,"code":51968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(object)\n",[15,51970,51971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,51972,51973,51975,51977,51979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,51974,12157],{"class":142},[60,51976,130],{"class":74},[60,51978,43384],{"class":1527},[60,51980,136],{"class":74},[20,51982,51983],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51985,51986],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[33,51988,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997],{},[36,51990,38895],{},[36,51992,38889],{},[36,51994,38892],{},[36,51996,38898],{},[36,51998,51999],{},"a dictionary",[20,52001,236],{},[51,52003,52005],{"className":53,"code":52004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,52006,52007,52028,52052,52074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52008,52009,52011,52013,52015,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52010,143],{"class":142},[60,52012,130],{"class":74},[60,52014,12157],{"class":142},[60,52016,130],{"class":74},[60,52018,79],{"class":78},[60,52020,55],{"class":82},[60,52022,79],{"class":78},[60,52024,6362],{"class":74},[60,52026,52027],{"class":4674},"      # 6\n",[60,52029,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52031,143],{"class":142},[60,52033,130],{"class":74},[60,52035,12157],{"class":142},[60,52037,2652],{"class":74},[60,52039,1432],{"class":1402},[60,52041,88],{"class":74},[60,52043,1437],{"class":1402},[60,52045,88],{"class":74},[60,52047,1442],{"class":1402},[60,52049,5737],{"class":74},[60,52051,51898],{"class":4674},[60,52053,52054,52056,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066,52068,52071],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52055,143],{"class":142},[60,52057,130],{"class":74},[60,52059,12157],{"class":142},[60,52061,6512],{"class":74},[60,52063,1345],{"class":1402},[60,52065,88],{"class":74},[60,52067,1407],{"class":1402},[60,52069,52070],{"class":74},")))",[60,52072,52073],{"class":4674},"      # 2\n",[60,52075,52076,52078,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52097],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52077,143],{"class":142},[60,52079,130],{"class":74},[60,52081,12157],{"class":142},[60,52083,6531],{"class":74},[60,52085,79],{"class":78},[60,52087,3191],{"class":82},[60,52089,79],{"class":78},[60,52091,3901],{"class":74},[60,52093,6499],{"class":1402},[60,52095,52096],{"class":74},"}))",[60,52098,52099],{"class":4674},"      # 1\n",[46,52101,52103],{"id":52102},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,52105,52106,52107,52109],{},"When you use ",[15,52108,43346],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,52111,52112],{},"That includes:",[33,52114,52115,52117,52119],{},[36,52116,843],{},[36,52118,11449],{},[36,52120,52121],{},"punctuation",[20,52123,236],{},[51,52125,52127],{"className":53,"code":52126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,52128,52129,52142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52130,52131,52133,52135,52137,52140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52132,35681],{"class":66},[60,52134,71],{"class":70},[60,52136,91],{"class":78},[60,52138,52139],{"class":82},"Hi there!",[60,52141,2389],{"class":78},[60,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52145,143],{"class":142},[60,52147,130],{"class":74},[60,52149,12157],{"class":142},[60,52151,130],{"class":74},[60,52153,35702],{"class":126},[60,52155,6362],{"class":74},[60,52157,52158],{"class":4674},"  # 9\n",[20,52160,52161,52162,2863],{},"Why is the result ",[15,52163,3162],{},[33,52165,52166,52172,52176,52179],{},[36,52167,52168,52171],{},[15,52169,52170],{},"H"," = 1",[36,52173,52174,52171],{},[15,52175,37142],{},[36,52177,52178],{},"space = 1",[36,52180,52181,52184],{},[15,52182,52183],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,52186,52187,52188],{},"Total: ",[15,52189,3162],{},[20,52191,52192,52193,3901],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,52194,3137],{},[51,52196,52198],{"className":53,"code":52197,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,52199,52200,52209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52201,52202,52205,52207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52203,52204],{"class":66},"empty_text ",[60,52206,71],{"class":70},[60,52208,8877],{"class":78},[60,52210,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52222,52224],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52212,143],{"class":142},[60,52214,130],{"class":74},[60,52216,12157],{"class":142},[60,52218,130],{"class":74},[60,52220,52221],{"class":126},"empty_text",[60,52223,6362],{"class":74},[60,52225,52226],{"class":4674},"  # 0\n",[20,52228,52229],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[51,52231,52233],{"className":53,"code":52232,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,52234,52235,52248,52252,52272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52236,52237,52240,52242,52244,52246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52238,52239],{"class":66},"user_name ",[60,52241,71],{"class":70},[60,52243,91],{"class":78},[60,52245,6005],{"class":82},[60,52247,2389],{"class":78},[60,52249,52250],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52251,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52253,52254,52256,52258,52260,52263,52265,52268,52270],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52255,7996],{"class":2665},[60,52257,39374],{"class":142},[60,52259,130],{"class":74},[60,52261,52262],{"class":126},"user_name",[60,52264,2662],{"class":74},[60,52266,52267],{"class":70}," >=",[60,52269,1442],{"class":1402},[60,52271,7392],{"class":74},[60,52273,52274,52276,52278,52280,52283,52285],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52275,9064],{"class":142},[60,52277,130],{"class":74},[60,52279,79],{"class":78},[60,52281,52282],{"class":82},"Name is long enough",[60,52284,79],{"class":78},[60,52286,136],{"class":74},[46,52288,52290],{"id":52289},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,52292,52293,52294,52296],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,52295,43346],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,52298,52299],{},"Example with a list:",[51,52301,52303],{"className":53,"code":52302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,52304,52305,52337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52306,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52308,1070],{"class":66},[60,52310,71],{"class":70},[60,52312,75],{"class":74},[60,52314,79],{"class":78},[60,52316,254],{"class":82},[60,52318,79],{"class":78},[60,52320,88],{"class":74},[60,52322,91],{"class":78},[60,52324,263],{"class":82},[60,52326,79],{"class":78},[60,52328,88],{"class":74},[60,52330,91],{"class":78},[60,52332,272],{"class":82},[60,52334,79],{"class":78},[60,52336,108],{"class":74},[60,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52340,143],{"class":142},[60,52342,130],{"class":74},[60,52344,12157],{"class":142},[60,52346,130],{"class":74},[60,52348,1119],{"class":126},[60,52350,6362],{"class":74},[60,52352,51750],{"class":4674},[20,52354,38904],{},[51,52356,52358],{"className":53,"code":52357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,52359,52360,52377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52361,52362,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52363,52364],{"class":66},"point ",[60,52366,71],{"class":70},[60,52368,1776],{"class":74},[60,52370,1345],{"class":1402},[60,52372,88],{"class":74},[60,52374,1407],{"class":1402},[60,52376,136],{"class":74},[60,52378,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52390,52392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52380,143],{"class":142},[60,52382,130],{"class":74},[60,52384,12157],{"class":142},[60,52386,130],{"class":74},[60,52388,52389],{"class":126},"point",[60,52391,6362],{"class":74},[60,52393,52394],{"class":4674},"  # 2\n",[20,52396,52397],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[51,52399,52401],{"className":53,"code":52400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,52402,52403,52427,52431,52449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52404,52405,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52406,664],{"class":66},[60,52408,71],{"class":70},[60,52410,75],{"class":74},[60,52412,79],{"class":78},[60,52414,1604],{"class":82},[60,52416,79],{"class":78},[60,52418,88],{"class":74},[60,52420,91],{"class":78},[60,52422,1619],{"class":82},[60,52424,79],{"class":78},[60,52426,108],{"class":74},[60,52428,52429],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52430,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52432,52433,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52434,7996],{"class":2665},[60,52436,39374],{"class":142},[60,52438,130],{"class":74},[60,52440,716],{"class":126},[60,52442,2662],{"class":74},[60,52444,39384],{"class":70},[60,52446,6499],{"class":1402},[60,52448,7392],{"class":74},[60,52450,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52452,9064],{"class":142},[60,52454,130],{"class":74},[60,52456,716],{"class":126},[60,52458,353],{"class":74},[60,52460,1432],{"class":1402},[60,52462,21440],{"class":74},[60,52464,52465],{"class":4674},"  # banana\n",[20,52467,52468],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[51,52470,52472],{"className":53,"code":52471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,52473,52474,52497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52475,52476,52478,52480,52482,52485,52487,52490,52492,52495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52477,6064],{"class":66},[60,52479,71],{"class":70},[60,52481,75],{"class":74},[60,52483,52484],{"class":1402},"88",[60,52486,88],{"class":74},[60,52488,52489],{"class":1402}," 91",[60,52491,88],{"class":74},[60,52493,52494],{"class":1402}," 75",[60,52496,108],{"class":74},[60,52498,52499,52501,52503,52505,52508,52510,52512,52514,52516,52518],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52500,143],{"class":142},[60,52502,130],{"class":74},[60,52504,79],{"class":78},[60,52506,52507],{"class":82},"Number of scores:",[60,52509,79],{"class":78},[60,52511,88],{"class":74},[60,52513,39374],{"class":142},[60,52515,130],{"class":74},[60,52517,17382],{"class":126},[60,52519,1042],{"class":74},[20,52521,52522,52523,123],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[551,52524,52526],{"href":52525},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[46,52528,52530],{"id":52529},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,52532,52533,52534,52536],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,52535,43346],{}," counts keys.",[51,52538,52540],{"className":53,"code":52539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,52541,52542,52550,52568,52582,52598,52602,52606],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52543,52544,52546,52548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52545,13858],{"class":66},[60,52547,71],{"class":70},[60,52549,12488],{"class":74},[60,52551,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52553,12493],{"class":78},[60,52555,8666],{"class":82},[60,52557,79],{"class":78},[60,52559,3901],{"class":74},[60,52561,91],{"class":78},[60,52563,1799],{"class":82},[60,52565,79],{"class":78},[60,52567,12509],{"class":74},[60,52569,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52571,12493],{"class":78},[60,52573,10296],{"class":82},[60,52575,79],{"class":78},[60,52577,3901],{"class":74},[60,52579,31935],{"class":1402},[60,52581,12509],{"class":74},[60,52583,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52585,12493],{"class":78},[60,52587,20885],{"class":82},[60,52589,79],{"class":78},[60,52591,3901],{"class":74},[60,52593,91],{"class":78},[60,52595,1260],{"class":82},[60,52597,2389],{"class":78},[60,52599,52600],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,52601,10306],{"class":74},[60,52603,52604],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,52605,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52607,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,52609,143],{"class":142},[60,52611,130],{"class":74},[60,52613,12157],{"class":142},[60,52615,130],{"class":74},[60,52617,14618],{"class":126},[60,52619,6362],{"class":74},[60,52621,51750],{"class":4674},[20,52623,52624,52625,52627],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,52626,43346],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,52629,52630,52631,52633],{},"For sets, ",[15,52632,43346],{}," counts unique items:",[51,52635,52637],{"className":53,"code":52636,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,52638,52639,52667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52640,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52642,4629],{"class":66},[60,52644,71],{"class":70},[60,52646,11488],{"class":74},[60,52648,1432],{"class":1402},[60,52650,88],{"class":74},[60,52652,1437],{"class":1402},[60,52654,88],{"class":74},[60,52656,1442],{"class":1402},[60,52658,88],{"class":74},[60,52660,1442],{"class":1402},[60,52662,88],{"class":74},[60,52664,1437],{"class":1402},[60,52666,10306],{"class":74},[60,52668,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52670,143],{"class":142},[60,52672,130],{"class":74},[60,52674,12157],{"class":142},[60,52676,130],{"class":74},[60,52678,4659],{"class":126},[60,52680,6362],{"class":74},[60,52682,51750],{"class":4674},[20,52684,52685],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,52687,52688],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[51,52690,52692],{"className":53,"code":52691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,52693,52694,52702,52706,52724],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52695,52696,52698,52700],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52697,10163],{"class":66},[60,52699,71],{"class":70},[60,52701,10835],{"class":74},[60,52703,52704],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52705,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52707,52708,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52709,7996],{"class":2665},[60,52711,39374],{"class":142},[60,52713,130],{"class":74},[60,52715,10202],{"class":126},[60,52717,2662],{"class":74},[60,52719,7407],{"class":70},[60,52721,4843],{"class":1402},[60,52723,7392],{"class":74},[60,52725,52726,52728,52730,52732,52735,52737],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52727,9064],{"class":142},[60,52729,130],{"class":74},[60,52731,79],{"class":78},[60,52733,52734],{"class":82},"The dictionary is empty",[60,52736,79],{"class":78},[60,52738,136],{"class":74},[46,52740,42032],{"id":42031},[20,52742,52743,52744,123],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,52745,43346],{},[415,52747,52749],{"id":52748},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[51,52751,52753],{"className":53,"code":52752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,52754,52755,52763,52767,52785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52756,52757,52759,52761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52758,664],{"class":66},[60,52760,71],{"class":70},[60,52762,8834],{"class":74},[60,52764,52765],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52766,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52768,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52770,7996],{"class":2665},[60,52772,39374],{"class":142},[60,52774,130],{"class":74},[60,52776,716],{"class":126},[60,52778,2662],{"class":74},[60,52780,7407],{"class":70},[60,52782,4843],{"class":1402},[60,52784,7392],{"class":74},[60,52786,52787,52789,52791,52793,52796,52798],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52788,9064],{"class":142},[60,52790,130],{"class":74},[60,52792,79],{"class":78},[60,52794,52795],{"class":82},"The list is empty",[60,52797,79],{"class":78},[60,52799,136],{"class":74},[415,52801,52803],{"id":52802},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[51,52805,52807],{"className":53,"code":52806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52808,52809,52828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52810,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52824,52826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52812,7154],{"class":66},[60,52814,71],{"class":70},[60,52816,9237],{"class":142},[60,52818,130],{"class":74},[60,52820,79],{"class":78},[60,52822,52823],{"class":82},"Enter a word: ",[60,52825,79],{"class":78},[60,52827,136],{"class":74},[60,52829,52830,52832,52834,52836,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52831,143],{"class":142},[60,52833,130],{"class":74},[60,52835,79],{"class":78},[60,52837,52838],{"class":82},"Number of characters:",[60,52840,79],{"class":78},[60,52842,88],{"class":74},[60,52844,39374],{"class":142},[60,52846,130],{"class":74},[60,52848,39379],{"class":126},[60,52850,1042],{"class":74},[415,52852,52854],{"id":52853},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[51,52856,52858],{"className":53,"code":52857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52859,52860,52874,52878,52896,52911,52917],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52861,52862,52865,52867,52869,52872],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52863,52864],{"class":66},"password ",[60,52866,71],{"class":70},[60,52868,91],{"class":78},[60,52870,52871],{"class":82},"secret123",[60,52873,2389],{"class":78},[60,52875,52876],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52877,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,52879,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,52881,7996],{"class":2665},[60,52883,39374],{"class":142},[60,52885,130],{"class":74},[60,52887,18614],{"class":126},[60,52889,2662],{"class":74},[60,52891,52267],{"class":70},[60,52893,7358],{"class":1402},[60,52895,7392],{"class":74},[60,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904,52907,52909],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,52899,9064],{"class":142},[60,52901,130],{"class":74},[60,52903,79],{"class":78},[60,52905,52906],{"class":82},"Password length is valid",[60,52908,79],{"class":78},[60,52910,136],{"class":74},[60,52912,52913,52915],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,52914,28427],{"class":2665},[60,52916,7392],{"class":74},[60,52918,52919,52921,52923,52925,52928,52930],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,52920,9064],{"class":142},[60,52922,130],{"class":74},[60,52924,79],{"class":78},[60,52926,52927],{"class":82},"Password is too short",[60,52929,79],{"class":78},[60,52931,136],{"class":74},[415,52933,52935],{"id":52934},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[51,52937,52939],{"className":53,"code":52938,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52940,52941,52977],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,52942,52943,52946,52948,52950,52952,52955,52957,52959,52961,52964,52966,52968,52970,52973,52975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,52944,52945],{"class":66},"results ",[60,52947,71],{"class":70},[60,52949,75],{"class":74},[60,52951,79],{"class":78},[60,52953,52954],{"class":82},"item1",[60,52956,79],{"class":78},[60,52958,88],{"class":74},[60,52960,91],{"class":78},[60,52962,52963],{"class":82},"item2",[60,52965,79],{"class":78},[60,52967,88],{"class":74},[60,52969,91],{"class":78},[60,52971,52972],{"class":82},"item3",[60,52974,79],{"class":78},[60,52976,108],{"class":74},[60,52978,52979,52981,52983,52985,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52999],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,52980,143],{"class":142},[60,52982,130],{"class":74},[60,52984,79],{"class":78},[60,52986,52987],{"class":82},"Items found:",[60,52989,79],{"class":78},[60,52991,88],{"class":74},[60,52993,39374],{"class":142},[60,52995,130],{"class":74},[60,52997,52998],{"class":126},"results",[60,53000,1042],{"class":74},[20,53002,53003],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[46,53005,53007],{"id":53006},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,53009,53010,53012],{},[15,53011,43346],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,53014,53015,53016,3901],{},"These will raise a ",[15,53017,1472],{},[33,53019,53020,53023,53026],{},[36,53021,53022],{},"plain integers",[36,53024,53025],{},"floats",[36,53027,53028],{},[15,53029,1585],{},[20,53031,236],{},[51,53033,53035],{"className":53,"code":53034,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(5))\n",[15,53036,53037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53038,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53040,143],{"class":142},[60,53042,130],{"class":74},[60,53044,12157],{"class":142},[60,53046,130],{"class":74},[60,53048,3154],{"class":1402},[60,53050,1042],{"class":74},[20,53052,53053,53054,53056],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,53055,3154],{}," does not have a length.",[20,53058,53059],{},"Another example:",[51,53061,53063],{"className":53,"code":53062,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,53064,53065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075,53077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53068,143],{"class":142},[60,53070,130],{"class":74},[60,53072,12157],{"class":142},[60,53074,130],{"class":74},[60,53076,41129],{"class":1402},[60,53078,1042],{"class":74},[20,53080,53081,53082,3901],{},"And with ",[15,53083,1585],{},[51,53085,53087],{"className":53,"code":53086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,53088,53089,53097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53090,53091,53093,53095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53092,3462],{"class":66},[60,53094,71],{"class":70},[60,53096,49508],{"class":1611},[60,53098,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53100,143],{"class":142},[60,53102,130],{"class":74},[60,53104,12157],{"class":142},[60,53106,130],{"class":74},[60,53108,3487],{"class":126},[60,53110,1042],{"class":74},[20,53112,53113,53114,123],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[551,53115,53117],{"href":53116},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[46,53119,53121],{"id":53120},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,53123,53124,53125,53127],{},"Before using ",[15,53126,43346],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,53129,53130],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[51,53132,53134],{"className":53,"code":53133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,53135,53136,53144,53148,53158,53172,53190,53208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53137,53138,53140,53142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53139,3462],{"class":66},[60,53141,71],{"class":70},[60,53143,49508],{"class":1611},[60,53145,53146],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53147,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,53149,53150,53152,53154,53156],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53151,143],{"class":142},[60,53153,130],{"class":74},[60,53155,3487],{"class":126},[60,53157,136],{"class":74},[60,53159,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53161,143],{"class":142},[60,53163,130],{"class":74},[60,53165,2629],{"class":1527},[60,53167,130],{"class":74},[60,53169,3487],{"class":126},[60,53171,1042],{"class":74},[60,53173,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,53175,143],{"class":142},[60,53177,130],{"class":74},[60,53179,49856],{"class":142},[60,53181,130],{"class":74},[60,53183,3487],{"class":126},[60,53185,88],{"class":74},[60,53187,49885],{"class":1527},[60,53189,1042],{"class":74},[60,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,53193,143],{"class":142},[60,53195,130],{"class":74},[60,53197,49856],{"class":142},[60,53199,130],{"class":74},[60,53201,3487],{"class":126},[60,53203,88],{"class":74},[60,53205,23553],{"class":1527},[60,53207,1042],{"class":74},[60,53209,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,53211,143],{"class":142},[60,53213,130],{"class":74},[60,53215,49856],{"class":142},[60,53217,130],{"class":74},[60,53219,3487],{"class":126},[60,53221,88],{"class":74},[60,53223,10168],{"class":1527},[60,53225,1042],{"class":74},[20,53227,53228],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,53230,53231],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[51,53233,53235],{"className":53,"code":53234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,53236,53237,53249,53253,53267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53238,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53240,3462],{"class":66},[60,53242,71],{"class":70},[60,53244,91],{"class":78},[60,53246,1008],{"class":82},[60,53248,2389],{"class":78},[60,53250,53251],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53252,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,53254,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53256,7996],{"class":2665},[60,53258,22579],{"class":66},[60,53260,94],{"class":70},[60,53262,9094],{"class":70},[60,53264,1612],{"class":1611},[60,53266,7392],{"class":74},[60,53268,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53270,9064],{"class":142},[60,53272,130],{"class":74},[60,53274,12157],{"class":142},[60,53276,130],{"class":74},[60,53278,3487],{"class":126},[60,53280,1042],{"class":74},[20,53282,53283,53284,123],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[551,53285,9438],{"href":3314},[46,53287,3845],{"id":3844},[20,53289,24088,53290,3901],{},[15,53291,43346],{},[33,53293,53294,53302,53310,53318,53324],{},[36,53295,9413,53296,53298,53299],{},[15,53297,43346],{}," on an integer like ",[15,53300,53301],{},"len(5)",[36,53303,9413,53304,53306,53307],{},[15,53305,43346],{}," on a float like ",[15,53308,53309],{},"len(3.14)",[36,53311,9413,53312,53314,53315,53317],{},[15,53313,43346],{}," on ",[15,53316,1585],{}," after a function returns nothing",[36,53319,5580,53320,53323],{},[15,53321,53322],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[36,53325,53326],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,53328,53329],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[51,53331,53333],{"className":53,"code":53332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,53334,53335,53371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53336,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53338,14196],{"class":66},[60,53340,71],{"class":70},[60,53342,11488],{"class":74},[60,53344,79],{"class":78},[60,53346,8666],{"class":82},[60,53348,79],{"class":78},[60,53350,3901],{"class":74},[60,53352,91],{"class":78},[60,53354,463],{"class":82},[60,53356,79],{"class":78},[60,53358,88],{"class":74},[60,53360,91],{"class":78},[60,53362,10296],{"class":82},[60,53364,79],{"class":78},[60,53366,3901],{"class":74},[60,53368,1407],{"class":1402},[60,53370,10306],{"class":74},[60,53372,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53374,143],{"class":142},[60,53376,130],{"class":74},[60,53378,12157],{"class":142},[60,53380,130],{"class":74},[60,53382,18301],{"class":126},[60,53384,6362],{"class":74},[60,53386,52394],{"class":4674},[20,53388,38582,53389,53391,53392,2360,53394,123],{},[15,53390,1925],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,53393,16233],{},[15,53395,53396],{},"\"age\"",[20,53398,53399],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[51,53401,53403],{"className":53,"code":53402,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,53404,53405,53418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53406,53407,53409,53411,53413,53416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53408,35681],{"class":66},[60,53410,71],{"class":70},[60,53412,91],{"class":78},[60,53414,53415],{"class":82},"a b",[60,53417,2389],{"class":78},[60,53419,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53421,143],{"class":142},[60,53423,130],{"class":74},[60,53425,12157],{"class":142},[60,53427,130],{"class":74},[60,53429,35702],{"class":126},[60,53431,6362],{"class":74},[60,53433,51750],{"class":4674},[20,53435,53436],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[46,53438,2804],{"id":2803},[415,53440,53442],{"id":53441},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,53444,53445],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[415,53447,53449],{"id":53448},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,53451,53452],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[415,53454,53456],{"id":53455},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,53458,53459],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[415,53461,53463],{"id":53462},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,53465,53466,53467,53469,53470,3894,53472,53474,53475,123],{},"No. Using ",[15,53468,43346],{}," on an ",[15,53471,3206],{},[15,53473,3209],{}," raises a ",[15,53476,1472],{},[415,53478,53480],{"id":53479},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,53482,8760,53483,123],{},[15,53484,53485],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,53487,236],{},[51,53489,53491],{"className":53,"code":53490,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,53492,53493,53501,53505,53523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53494,53495,53497,53499],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53496,9303],{"class":66},[60,53498,71],{"class":70},[60,53500,8834],{"class":74},[60,53502,53503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53504,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,53506,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53508,7996],{"class":2665},[60,53510,39374],{"class":142},[60,53512,130],{"class":74},[60,53514,9334],{"class":126},[60,53516,2662],{"class":74},[60,53518,7407],{"class":70},[60,53520,4843],{"class":1402},[60,53522,7392],{"class":74},[60,53524,53525,53527,53529,53531,53534,53536],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53526,9064],{"class":142},[60,53528,130],{"class":74},[60,53530,79],{"class":78},[60,53532,53533],{"class":82},"Empty list",[60,53535,79],{"class":78},[60,53537,136],{"class":74},[20,53539,53540,53541,53543,53544,53546,53547,53549],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,53542,4685],{}," in an ",[15,53545,7996],{}," statement, but ",[15,53548,43346],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[46,53551,2870],{"id":2869},[33,53553,53554,53558,53562,53566,53571,53575,53581],{},[36,53555,53556],{},[551,53557,51955],{"href":553},[36,53559,53560],{},[551,53561,51959],{"href":51958},[36,53563,53564],{},[551,53565,10153],{"href":10152},[36,53567,53568],{},[551,53569,53570],{"href":52525},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[36,53572,53573],{},[551,53574,9438],{"href":3314},[36,53576,53577],{},[551,53578,53580],{"href":53579},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[36,53582,53583],{},[551,53584,53585],{"href":53116},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2912,53587,53588],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":53590},[53591,53592,53593,53594,53595,53596,53597,53603,53604,53605,53606,53613],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":51758,"depth":111,"text":51759},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":52102,"depth":111,"text":52103},{"id":52289,"depth":111,"text":52290},{"id":52529,"depth":111,"text":52530},{"id":42031,"depth":111,"text":42032,"children":53598},[53599,53600,53601,53602],{"id":52748,"depth":139,"text":52749},{"id":52802,"depth":139,"text":52803},{"id":52853,"depth":139,"text":52854},{"id":52934,"depth":139,"text":52935},{"id":53006,"depth":111,"text":53007},{"id":53120,"depth":111,"text":53121},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":53607},[53608,53609,53610,53611,53612],{"id":53441,"depth":139,"text":53442},{"id":53448,"depth":139,"text":53449},{"id":53455,"depth":139,"text":53456},{"id":53462,"depth":139,"text":53463},{"id":53479,"depth":139,"text":53480},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51641,"description":53614},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53621,"title":53622,"body":53623,"description":55308,"extension":2980,"meta":55309,"navigation":304,"path":55310,"seo":55311,"stem":55312,"__hash__":55313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53624,"toc":55281},[53625,53628,53642,53648,53650,53704,53709,53713,53729,53732,53746,53752,53754,53757,53776,53792,53794,53870,53872,53909,53920,53922,53925,53986,53988,54021,54024,54030,54034,54037,54162,54164,54223,54231,54284,54286,54313,54319,54329,54333,54336,54341,54393,54395,54421,54427,54481,54483,54508,54511,54535,54541,54543,54547,54549,54606,54608,54616,54618,54640,54642,54695,54697,54721,54725,54727,54766,54768,54776,54782,54786,54838,54840,54866,54874,54878,54883,54892,54894,54960,54962,54994,54998,55003,55005,55019,55022,55095,55097,55123,55125,55129,55136,55140,55147,55151,55154,55156,55209,55211,55237,55241,55250,55252,55278],[10,53626,53622],{"id":53627},"python-list-append-method",[20,53629,2997,53630,53633,53634,53637,53638,53641],{},[15,53631,53632],{},"append()"," method adds ",[4753,53635,53636],{},"one item"," to the ",[4753,53639,53640],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,53643,53644,53645,53647],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[4753,53646,5632],{}," create a new list.",[46,53649,49],{"id":48},[51,53651,53653],{"className":53,"code":53652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53654,53655,53675,53689,53699],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53656,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53658,4629],{"class":66},[60,53660,71],{"class":70},[60,53662,75],{"class":74},[60,53664,1432],{"class":1402},[60,53666,88],{"class":74},[60,53668,1437],{"class":1402},[60,53670,88],{"class":74},[60,53672,1442],{"class":1402},[60,53674,108],{"class":74},[60,53676,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53678,4659],{"class":66},[60,53680,123],{"class":74},[60,53682,14545],{"class":126},[60,53684,130],{"class":74},[60,53686,3519],{"class":1402},[60,53688,136],{"class":74},[60,53690,53691,53693,53695,53697],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53692,143],{"class":142},[60,53694,130],{"class":74},[60,53696,4659],{"class":126},[60,53698,136],{"class":74},[60,53700,53701],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53702,53703],{"class":4674},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,53705,171,53706,53708],{},[15,53707,53632],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[46,53710,53712],{"id":53711},"what-append-does","What append() does",[33,53714,53715,53720,53723,53726],{},[36,53716,53717,53719],{},[15,53718,53632],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[36,53721,53722],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[36,53724,53725],{},"It does not create a new list",[36,53727,53728],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,53730,53731],{},"This means you can append:",[33,53733,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742,53744],{},[36,53735,4659],{},[36,53737,6310],{},[36,53739,41580],{},[36,53741,6301],{},[36,53743,8249],{},[36,53745,35655],{},[20,53747,53748,53749,123],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[551,53750,53751],{"href":51958},"Python lists explained for beginners",[46,53753,6432],{"id":6431},[20,53755,53756],{},"Basic form:",[51,53758,53760],{"className":53,"code":53759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53761,53762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53763,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53765,9334],{"class":66},[60,53767,123],{"class":74},[60,53769,14545],{"class":126},[60,53771,130],{"class":74},[60,53773,2659],{"class":126},[60,53775,136],{"class":74},[33,53777,53778,53783,53788],{},[36,53779,53780,53782],{},[15,53781,9334],{}," is the list you want to change",[36,53784,53785,53787],{},[15,53786,2659],{}," is the value or object to add",[36,53789,12906,53790],{},[15,53791,1585],{},[20,53793,236],{},[51,53795,53797],{"className":53,"code":53796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53798,53799,53823,53846,53850,53860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53800,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815,53817,53819,53821],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53802,37227],{"class":66},[60,53804,71],{"class":70},[60,53806,75],{"class":74},[60,53808,79],{"class":78},[60,53810,1604],{"class":82},[60,53812,79],{"class":78},[60,53814,88],{"class":74},[60,53816,91],{"class":78},[60,53818,1619],{"class":82},[60,53820,79],{"class":78},[60,53822,108],{"class":74},[60,53824,53825,53827,53829,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53826,114],{"class":66},[60,53828,71],{"class":70},[60,53830,53831],{"class":66}," fruits",[60,53833,123],{"class":74},[60,53835,14545],{"class":126},[60,53837,130],{"class":74},[60,53839,79],{"class":78},[60,53841,34214],{"class":82},[60,53843,79],{"class":78},[60,53845,136],{"class":74},[60,53847,53848],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53849,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,53851,53852,53854,53856,53858],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53853,143],{"class":142},[60,53855,130],{"class":74},[60,53857,37279],{"class":126},[60,53859,136],{"class":74},[60,53861,53862,53864,53866,53868],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,53863,143],{"class":142},[60,53865,130],{"class":74},[60,53867,148],{"class":126},[60,53869,136],{"class":74},[20,53871,153],{},[51,53873,53875],{"className":53,"code":53874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53876,53877,53905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53878,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53880,353],{"class":74},[60,53882,356],{"class":78},[60,53884,1604],{"class":82},[60,53886,356],{"class":78},[60,53888,88],{"class":74},[60,53890,365],{"class":78},[60,53892,1619],{"class":82},[60,53894,356],{"class":78},[60,53896,88],{"class":74},[60,53898,365],{"class":78},[60,53900,34214],{"class":82},[60,53902,356],{"class":78},[60,53904,108],{"class":74},[60,53906,53907],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53908,12803],{"class":1611},[20,53910,53911,53912,53914,53915,53917,53918,123],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53913,53632],{}," updates ",[15,53916,37279],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53919,1585],{},[46,53921,12470],{"id":12469},[20,53923,53924],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[51,53926,53928],{"className":53,"code":53927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53929,53930,53954,53972,53976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53931,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53933,1070],{"class":66},[60,53935,71],{"class":70},[60,53937,75],{"class":74},[60,53939,79],{"class":78},[60,53941,254],{"class":82},[60,53943,79],{"class":78},[60,53945,88],{"class":74},[60,53947,91],{"class":78},[60,53949,272],{"class":82},[60,53951,79],{"class":78},[60,53953,108],{"class":74},[60,53955,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,53957,1119],{"class":66},[60,53959,123],{"class":74},[60,53961,14545],{"class":126},[60,53963,130],{"class":74},[60,53965,79],{"class":78},[60,53967,263],{"class":82},[60,53969,79],{"class":78},[60,53971,136],{"class":74},[60,53973,53974],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,53975,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,53977,53978,53980,53982,53984],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,53979,143],{"class":142},[60,53981,130],{"class":74},[60,53983,1119],{"class":126},[60,53985,136],{"class":74},[20,53987,153],{},[51,53989,53991],{"className":53,"code":53990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53992,53993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,53994,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,53996,353],{"class":74},[60,53998,356],{"class":78},[60,54000,254],{"class":82},[60,54002,356],{"class":78},[60,54004,88],{"class":74},[60,54006,365],{"class":78},[60,54008,272],{"class":82},[60,54010,356],{"class":78},[60,54012,88],{"class":74},[60,54014,365],{"class":78},[60,54016,263],{"class":82},[60,54018,356],{"class":78},[60,54020,108],{"class":74},[20,54022,54023],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,54025,32075,54026,123],{},[551,54027,54029],{"href":54028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[46,54031,54033],{"id":54032},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,54035,54036],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[51,54038,54040],{"className":53,"code":54039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54041,54042,54050,54054,54068,54086,54100,54126,54148,54152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54043,54044,54046,54048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54045,664],{"class":66},[60,54047,71],{"class":70},[60,54049,8834],{"class":74},[60,54051,54052],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54053,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54057,716],{"class":66},[60,54059,123],{"class":74},[60,54061,14545],{"class":126},[60,54063,130],{"class":74},[60,54065,1345],{"class":1402},[60,54067,136],{"class":74},[60,54069,54070,54072,54074,54076,54078,54080,54082,54084],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54071,716],{"class":66},[60,54073,123],{"class":74},[60,54075,14545],{"class":126},[60,54077,130],{"class":74},[60,54079,79],{"class":78},[60,54081,1008],{"class":82},[60,54083,79],{"class":78},[60,54085,136],{"class":74},[60,54087,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,54089,716],{"class":66},[60,54091,123],{"class":74},[60,54093,14545],{"class":126},[60,54095,130],{"class":74},[60,54097,4616],{"class":1611},[60,54099,136],{"class":74},[60,54101,54102,54104,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122,54124],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,54103,716],{"class":66},[60,54105,123],{"class":74},[60,54107,14545],{"class":126},[60,54109,6531],{"class":74},[60,54111,79],{"class":78},[60,54113,8666],{"class":82},[60,54115,79],{"class":78},[60,54117,3901],{"class":74},[60,54119,91],{"class":78},[60,54121,1781],{"class":82},[60,54123,79],{"class":78},[60,54125,31489],{"class":74},[60,54127,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,54129,716],{"class":66},[60,54131,123],{"class":74},[60,54133,14545],{"class":126},[60,54135,2652],{"class":74},[60,54137,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54139,88],{"class":74},[60,54141,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54143,88],{"class":74},[60,54145,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54147,2677],{"class":74},[60,54149,54150],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,54151,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,54155,143],{"class":142},[60,54157,130],{"class":74},[60,54159,716],{"class":126},[60,54161,136],{"class":74},[20,54163,153],{},[51,54165,54167],{"className":53,"code":54166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,54168,54169],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54170,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205,54208,54210,54212,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54172,353],{"class":74},[60,54174,1345],{"class":1402},[60,54176,88],{"class":74},[60,54178,365],{"class":78},[60,54180,1008],{"class":82},[60,54182,356],{"class":78},[60,54184,88],{"class":74},[60,54186,4919],{"class":1611},[60,54188,88],{"class":74},[60,54190,11488],{"class":74},[60,54192,356],{"class":78},[60,54194,8666],{"class":82},[60,54196,356],{"class":78},[60,54198,3901],{"class":74},[60,54200,365],{"class":78},[60,54202,1781],{"class":82},[60,54204,356],{"class":78},[60,54206,54207],{"class":74},"},",[60,54209,75],{"class":74},[60,54211,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54213,88],{"class":74},[60,54215,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54217,88],{"class":74},[60,54219,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54221,54222],{"class":74},"]]\n",[20,54224,54225,54226,43141,54228,123],{},"A list added with ",[15,54227,53632],{},[4753,54229,54230],{},"one single item",[51,54232,54234],{"className":53,"code":54233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54235,54236,54252,54270,54274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54237,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54239,4629],{"class":66},[60,54241,71],{"class":70},[60,54243,75],{"class":74},[60,54245,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54247,88],{"class":74},[60,54249,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54251,108],{"class":74},[60,54253,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266,54268],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54255,4659],{"class":66},[60,54257,123],{"class":74},[60,54259,14545],{"class":126},[60,54261,2652],{"class":74},[60,54263,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54265,88],{"class":74},[60,54267,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54269,2677],{"class":74},[60,54271,54272],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54273,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54275,54276,54278,54280,54282],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54277,143],{"class":142},[60,54279,130],{"class":74},[60,54281,4659],{"class":126},[60,54283,136],{"class":74},[20,54285,153],{},[51,54287,54289],{"className":53,"code":54288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,54290,54291],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305,54307,54309,54311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54294,353],{"class":74},[60,54296,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54298,88],{"class":74},[60,54300,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54302,88],{"class":74},[60,54304,75],{"class":74},[60,54306,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54308,88],{"class":74},[60,54310,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54312,54222],{"class":74},[20,54314,3301,54315,54318],{},[15,54316,54317],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,54320,54321,54322,54328],{},"This is different from ",[551,54323,54325],{"href":54324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,54326,54327],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[46,54330,54332],{"id":54331},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,54334,54335],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[415,54337,9413,54339],{"id":54338},"using-append",[15,54340,53632],{},[51,54342,54343],{"className":53,"code":54233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54344,54345,54361,54379,54383],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54346,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357,54359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54348,4629],{"class":66},[60,54350,71],{"class":70},[60,54352,75],{"class":74},[60,54354,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54356,88],{"class":74},[60,54358,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54360,108],{"class":74},[60,54362,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54364,4659],{"class":66},[60,54366,123],{"class":74},[60,54368,14545],{"class":126},[60,54370,2652],{"class":74},[60,54372,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54374,88],{"class":74},[60,54376,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54378,2677],{"class":74},[60,54380,54381],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54382,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54384,54385,54387,54389,54391],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54386,143],{"class":142},[60,54388,130],{"class":74},[60,54390,4659],{"class":126},[60,54392,136],{"class":74},[20,54394,153],{},[51,54396,54397],{"className":53,"code":54288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54398,54399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54400,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54402,353],{"class":74},[60,54404,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54406,88],{"class":74},[60,54408,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54410,88],{"class":74},[60,54412,75],{"class":74},[60,54414,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54416,88],{"class":74},[60,54418,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54420,54222],{"class":74},[415,54422,9413,54424],{"id":54423},"using-extend",[15,54425,54426],{},"extend()",[51,54428,54430],{"className":53,"code":54429,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54431,54432,54448,54467,54471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54433,54434,54436,54438,54440,54442,54444,54446],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54435,4629],{"class":66},[60,54437,71],{"class":70},[60,54439,75],{"class":74},[60,54441,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54443,88],{"class":74},[60,54445,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54447,108],{"class":74},[60,54449,54450,54452,54454,54457,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54451,4659],{"class":66},[60,54453,123],{"class":74},[60,54455,54456],{"class":126},"extend",[60,54458,2652],{"class":74},[60,54460,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54462,88],{"class":74},[60,54464,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54466,2677],{"class":74},[60,54468,54469],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54470,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54472,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54474,143],{"class":142},[60,54476,130],{"class":74},[60,54478,4659],{"class":126},[60,54480,136],{"class":74},[20,54482,153],{},[51,54484,54486],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54487,54488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54489,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54491,353],{"class":74},[60,54493,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54495,88],{"class":74},[60,54497,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54499,88],{"class":74},[60,54501,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54503,88],{"class":74},[60,54505,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54507,108],{"class":74},[20,54509,54510],{},"The difference:",[33,54512,54513,54519,54525,54530],{},[36,54514,54515,54518],{},[15,54516,54517],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[36,54520,54521,54524],{},[15,54522,54523],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[36,54526,171,54527,54529],{},[15,54528,53632],{}," for one item",[36,54531,171,54532,54534],{},[15,54533,54426],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,54536,54537,54538,123],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[551,54539,54540],{"href":54324},"Python list extend() method",[46,54542,5520],{"id":5519},[415,54544,54546],{"id":54545},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,54548,26683],{},[51,54550,54552],{"className":53,"code":54551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54553,54554,54574,54592,54596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54555,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568,54570,54572],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54557,664],{"class":66},[60,54559,71],{"class":70},[60,54561,75],{"class":74},[60,54563,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54565,88],{"class":74},[60,54567,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54569,88],{"class":74},[60,54571,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54573,108],{"class":74},[60,54575,54576,54578,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588,54590],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54577,664],{"class":66},[60,54579,71],{"class":70},[60,54581,1989],{"class":66},[60,54583,123],{"class":74},[60,54585,14545],{"class":126},[60,54587,130],{"class":74},[60,54589,3519],{"class":1402},[60,54591,136],{"class":74},[60,54593,54594],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54595,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54597,54598,54600,54602,54604],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54599,143],{"class":142},[60,54601,130],{"class":74},[60,54603,716],{"class":126},[60,54605,136],{"class":74},[20,54607,153],{},[51,54609,54610],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54611,54612],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54613,54614],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54615,12803],{"class":1611},[20,54617,12895],{},[33,54619,54620,54625,54631],{},[36,54621,54622,54624],{},[15,54623,53632],{}," changes the list in place",[36,54626,54627,3412,54629],{},[15,54628,53632],{},[15,54630,1585],{},[36,54632,54633,54634,54637,54638],{},"So ",[15,54635,54636],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,54639,1585],{},[20,54641,2078],{},[51,54643,54645],{"className":53,"code":54644,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,54646,54647,54667,54681,54685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54648,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54650,664],{"class":66},[60,54652,71],{"class":70},[60,54654,75],{"class":74},[60,54656,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54658,88],{"class":74},[60,54660,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54662,88],{"class":74},[60,54664,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54666,108],{"class":74},[60,54668,54669,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54670,716],{"class":66},[60,54672,123],{"class":74},[60,54674,14545],{"class":126},[60,54676,130],{"class":74},[60,54678,3519],{"class":1402},[60,54680,136],{"class":74},[60,54682,54683],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54684,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54686,54687,54689,54691,54693],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54688,143],{"class":142},[60,54690,130],{"class":74},[60,54692,716],{"class":126},[60,54694,136],{"class":74},[20,54696,153],{},[51,54698,54699],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54700,54701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54702,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717,54719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54704,353],{"class":74},[60,54706,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54708,88],{"class":74},[60,54710,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54712,88],{"class":74},[60,54714,1442],{"class":1402},[60,54716,88],{"class":74},[60,54718,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54720,108],{"class":74},[415,54722,54724],{"id":54723},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,54726,19907],{},[51,54728,54730],{"className":53,"code":54729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,54731,54732,54756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54733,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54735,32875],{"class":66},[60,54737,71],{"class":70},[60,54739,75],{"class":74},[60,54741,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54743,88],{"class":74},[60,54745,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54747,14542],{"class":74},[60,54749,14545],{"class":126},[60,54751,130],{"class":74},[60,54753,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54755,136],{"class":74},[60,54757,54758,54760,54762,54764],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54759,143],{"class":142},[60,54761,130],{"class":74},[60,54763,32894],{"class":126},[60,54765,136],{"class":74},[20,54767,153],{},[51,54769,54770],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54771,54772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54773,54774],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54775,12803],{"class":1611},[20,54777,54778,54779,54781],{},"Remember: ",[15,54780,53632],{}," updates the list you already have.",[415,54783,54785],{"id":54784},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[51,54787,54788],{"className":53,"code":54233,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54789,54790,54806,54824,54828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54791,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802,54804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54793,4629],{"class":66},[60,54795,71],{"class":70},[60,54797,75],{"class":74},[60,54799,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54801,88],{"class":74},[60,54803,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54805,108],{"class":74},[60,54807,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820,54822],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54809,4659],{"class":66},[60,54811,123],{"class":74},[60,54813,14545],{"class":126},[60,54815,2652],{"class":74},[60,54817,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54819,88],{"class":74},[60,54821,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54823,2677],{"class":74},[60,54825,54826],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54827,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54829,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54831,143],{"class":142},[60,54833,130],{"class":74},[60,54835,4659],{"class":126},[60,54837,136],{"class":74},[20,54839,153],{},[51,54841,54842],{"className":53,"code":54288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54843,54844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862,54864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54847,353],{"class":74},[60,54849,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54851,88],{"class":74},[60,54853,1437],{"class":1402},[60,54855,88],{"class":74},[60,54857,75],{"class":74},[60,54859,3079],{"class":1402},[60,54861,88],{"class":74},[60,54863,3471],{"class":1402},[60,54865,54222],{"class":74},[20,54867,4183,54868,54871,54872,2225],{},[15,54869,54870],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54873,54426],{},[415,54875,54877],{"id":54876},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54879,54880,54882],{},[15,54881,53632],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54884,54885,54886,123],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[551,54887,54889],{"href":54888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54890,54891],{},"list.insert()",[20,54893,236],{},[51,54895,54897],{"className":53,"code":54896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54898,54899,54923,54946,54950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54900,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54902,767],{"class":66},[60,54904,71],{"class":70},[60,54906,75],{"class":74},[60,54908,79],{"class":78},[60,54910,551],{"class":82},[60,54912,79],{"class":78},[60,54914,88],{"class":74},[60,54916,91],{"class":78},[60,54918,1895],{"class":82},[60,54920,79],{"class":78},[60,54922,108],{"class":74},[60,54924,54925,54927,54929,54932,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942,54944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,54926,843],{"class":66},[60,54928,123],{"class":74},[60,54930,54931],{"class":126},"insert",[60,54933,130],{"class":74},[60,54935,1432],{"class":1402},[60,54937,88],{"class":74},[60,54939,91],{"class":78},[60,54941,2258],{"class":82},[60,54943,79],{"class":78},[60,54945,136],{"class":74},[60,54947,54948],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,54949,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,54951,54952,54954,54956,54958],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,54953,143],{"class":142},[60,54955,130],{"class":74},[60,54957,843],{"class":126},[60,54959,136],{"class":74},[20,54961,153],{},[51,54963,54964],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,54965,54966],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,54967,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980,54982,54984,54986,54988,54990,54992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,54969,353],{"class":74},[60,54971,356],{"class":78},[60,54973,551],{"class":82},[60,54975,356],{"class":78},[60,54977,88],{"class":74},[60,54979,365],{"class":78},[60,54981,2258],{"class":82},[60,54983,356],{"class":78},[60,54985,88],{"class":74},[60,54987,365],{"class":78},[60,54989,1895],{"class":82},[60,54991,356],{"class":78},[60,54993,108],{"class":74},[46,54995,54997],{"id":54996},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54999,55000,55002],{},[15,55001,53632],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,55004,37414],{},[33,55006,55007,55010,55013,55016],{},[36,55008,55009],{},"building a list in a loop",[36,55011,55012],{},"collecting user input",[36,55014,55015],{},"storing results step by step",[36,55017,55018],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,55020,55021],{},"Example with a loop:",[51,55023,55025],{"className":53,"code":55024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,55026,55027,55036,55040,55061,55080,55084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55028,55029,55032,55034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55030,55031],{"class":66},"squares ",[60,55033,71],{"class":70},[60,55035,8834],{"class":74},[60,55037,55038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55039,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55041,55042,55044,55046,55048,55051,55053,55055,55057,55059],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55043,6960],{"class":2665},[60,55045,7385],{"class":66},[60,55047,2672],{"class":2665},[60,55049,55050],{"class":142}," range",[60,55052,130],{"class":74},[60,55054,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55056,88],{"class":74},[60,55058,5606],{"class":1402},[60,55060,9337],{"class":74},[60,55062,55063,55066,55068,55070,55072,55074,55076,55078],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55064,55065],{"class":66},"    squares",[60,55067,123],{"class":74},[60,55069,14545],{"class":126},[60,55071,130],{"class":74},[60,55073,3233],{"class":126},[60,55075,40859],{"class":70},[60,55077,3213],{"class":126},[60,55079,136],{"class":74},[60,55081,55082],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,55083,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55085,55086,55088,55090,55093],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,55087,143],{"class":142},[60,55089,130],{"class":74},[60,55091,55092],{"class":126},"squares",[60,55094,136],{"class":74},[20,55096,153],{},[51,55098,55100],{"className":53,"code":55099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,55101,55102],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55103,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55117,55119,55121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55105,353],{"class":74},[60,55107,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55109,88],{"class":74},[60,55111,3471],{"class":1402},[60,55113,88],{"class":74},[60,55115,55116],{"class":1402}," 9",[60,55118,88],{"class":74},[60,55120,14980],{"class":1402},[60,55122,108],{"class":74},[46,55124,2804],{"id":2803},[415,55126,55128],{"id":55127},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,55130,47347,55131,55133,55134,123],{},[15,55132,53632],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,55135,1585],{},[415,55137,55139],{"id":55138},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,55141,55142,55143,123],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[551,55144,55145],{"href":54324},[15,55146,54426],{},[415,55148,55150],{"id":55149},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,55152,55153],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,55155,236],{},[51,55157,55159],{"className":53,"code":55158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,55160,55161,55177,55195,55199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55162,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171,55173,55175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55164,10163],{"class":66},[60,55166,71],{"class":70},[60,55168,75],{"class":74},[60,55170,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55172,88],{"class":74},[60,55174,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55176,108],{"class":74},[60,55178,55179,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55180,10202],{"class":66},[60,55182,123],{"class":74},[60,55184,14545],{"class":126},[60,55186,2652],{"class":74},[60,55188,3079],{"class":1402},[60,55190,88],{"class":74},[60,55192,3471],{"class":1402},[60,55194,2677],{"class":74},[60,55196,55197],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55198,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55200,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55202,143],{"class":142},[60,55204,130],{"class":74},[60,55206,10202],{"class":126},[60,55208,136],{"class":74},[20,55210,153],{},[51,55212,55213],{"className":53,"code":54288,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,55214,55215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55216,55217,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55218,353],{"class":74},[60,55220,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55222,88],{"class":74},[60,55224,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55226,88],{"class":74},[60,55228,75],{"class":74},[60,55230,3079],{"class":1402},[60,55232,88],{"class":74},[60,55234,3471],{"class":1402},[60,55236,54222],{"class":74},[415,55238,55240],{"id":55239},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,55242,55243,55245,55246,55249],{},[15,55244,53632],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,55247,55248],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[46,55251,2870],{"id":2869},[33,55253,55254,55259,55263,55268,55272],{},[36,55255,55256],{},[551,55257,55258],{"href":54028},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[36,55260,55261],{},[551,55262,54540],{"href":54324},[36,55264,55265],{},[551,55266,55267],{"href":54888},"Python list insert() method",[36,55269,55270],{},[551,55271,53751],{"href":51958},[36,55273,55274],{},[551,55275,55277],{"href":55276},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2912,55279,55280],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":55282},[55283,55284,55285,55286,55287,55288,55294,55300,55301,55307],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":53711,"depth":111,"text":53712},{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":54032,"depth":111,"text":54033},{"id":54331,"depth":111,"text":54332,"children":55289},[55290,55292],{"id":54338,"depth":139,"text":55291},"Using append()",{"id":54423,"depth":139,"text":55293},"Using extend()",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":55295},[55296,55297,55298,55299],{"id":54545,"depth":139,"text":54546},{"id":54723,"depth":139,"text":54724},{"id":54784,"depth":139,"text":54785},{"id":54876,"depth":139,"text":54877},{"id":54996,"depth":111,"text":54997},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":55302},[55303,55304,55305,55306],{"id":55127,"depth":139,"text":55128},{"id":55138,"depth":139,"text":55139},{"id":55149,"depth":139,"text":55150},{"id":55239,"depth":139,"text":55240},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53622,"description":55308},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":55315,"title":55316,"body":55317,"description":56561,"extension":2980,"meta":56562,"navigation":304,"path":56563,"seo":56564,"stem":56565,"__hash__":56566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":55318,"toc":56526},[55319,55325,55331,55337,55339,55387,55392,55397,55401,55417,55423,55425,55428,55443,55445,55456,55458,55460,55517,55519,55527,55529,55545,55551,55553,55559,55563,55647,55650,55699,55706,55714,55717,55731,55744,55750,55825,55832,55839,55913,55921,55924,55935,55944,55948,55952,55963,55965,56042,56063,56065,56075,56078,56126,56128,56149,56152,56154,56205,56211,56218,56285,56291,56297,56300,56327,56332,56338,56341,56413,56416,56427,56433,56435,56441,56444,56450,56456,56463,56471,56477,56483,56485,56523],[10,55320,55322,55323,18],{"id":55321},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,55324,12317],{},[20,55326,55327,55330],{},[15,55328,55329],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,55332,55333,55334,55336],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[4753,55335,12329],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[46,55338,49],{"id":48},[51,55340,55342],{"className":53,"code":55341,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55343,55344,55364,55374],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55345,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55347,664],{"class":66},[60,55349,71],{"class":70},[60,55351,75],{"class":74},[60,55353,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55355,88],{"class":74},[60,55357,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55359,88],{"class":74},[60,55361,1442],{"class":1402},[60,55363,108],{"class":74},[60,55365,55366,55368,55370,55372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55367,716],{"class":66},[60,55369,123],{"class":74},[60,55371,12378],{"class":126},[60,55373,9640],{"class":74},[60,55375,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55377,143],{"class":142},[60,55379,130],{"class":74},[60,55381,716],{"class":126},[60,55383,2662],{"class":74},[60,55385,55386],{"class":4674},"  # []\n",[20,55388,171,55389,55391],{},[15,55390,12317],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[46,55393,178,55395,181],{"id":55394},"what-listclear-does",[15,55396,55329],{},[20,55398,55399,3901],{},[15,55400,55329],{},[33,55402,55403,55406,55409,55414],{},[36,55404,55405],{},"Removes every item from a list",[36,55407,55408],{},"Changes the original list in place",[36,55410,55411,55412],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,55413,4797],{},[36,55415,55416],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,55418,55419,55420,55422],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,55421,12317],{},", but it contains no values.",[46,55424,389],{"id":388},[20,55426,55427],{},"Syntax:",[51,55429,55431],{"className":53,"code":55430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,55432,55433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55434,55435,55437,55439,55441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55436,9334],{"class":66},[60,55438,123],{"class":74},[60,55440,12378],{"class":126},[60,55442,9640],{"class":74},[20,55444,189],{},[33,55446,55447,55450,55453],{},[36,55448,55449],{},"Call it on a list object",[36,55451,55452],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[36,55454,55455],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[46,55457,12470],{"id":12469},[20,55459,12473],{},[51,55461,55463],{"className":53,"code":55462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,55464,55465,55489,55493,55503,55507],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55466,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55468,4629],{"class":66},[60,55470,71],{"class":70},[60,55472,75],{"class":74},[60,55474,1345],{"class":1402},[60,55476,88],{"class":74},[60,55478,1407],{"class":1402},[60,55480,88],{"class":74},[60,55482,8791],{"class":1402},[60,55484,88],{"class":74},[60,55486,51823],{"class":1402},[60,55488,108],{"class":74},[60,55490,55491],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55492,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55496,4659],{"class":66},[60,55498,123],{"class":74},[60,55500,12378],{"class":126},[60,55502,9640],{"class":74},[60,55504,55505],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55506,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55508,55509,55511,55513,55515],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,55510,143],{"class":142},[60,55512,130],{"class":74},[60,55514,4659],{"class":126},[60,55516,136],{"class":74},[20,55518,153],{},[51,55520,55521],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,55522,55523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55524,55525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55526,39285],{"class":74},[20,55528,12679],{},[33,55530,55531,55536,55542],{},[36,55532,55533,55535],{},[15,55534,4659],{}," starts with four items",[36,55537,55538,55541],{},[15,55539,55540],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[36,55543,55544],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,55546,55547,55548,123],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[551,55549,53751],{"href":55550},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[46,55552,18413],{"id":18412},[20,55554,55555,3412,55557,123],{},[15,55556,12317],{},[15,55558,1585],{},[20,55560,41892,55561,53647],{},[4753,55562,5632],{},[51,55564,55566],{"className":53,"code":55565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,55567,55568,55600,55604,55618,55622,55635],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55569,55570,55572,55574,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596,55598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55571,664],{"class":66},[60,55573,71],{"class":70},[60,55575,75],{"class":74},[60,55577,79],{"class":78},[60,55579,551],{"class":82},[60,55581,79],{"class":78},[60,55583,88],{"class":74},[60,55585,91],{"class":78},[60,55587,2258],{"class":82},[60,55589,79],{"class":78},[60,55591,88],{"class":74},[60,55593,91],{"class":78},[60,55595,1895],{"class":82},[60,55597,79],{"class":78},[60,55599,108],{"class":74},[60,55601,55602],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55603,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55605,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55607,114],{"class":66},[60,55609,71],{"class":70},[60,55611,1989],{"class":66},[60,55613,123],{"class":74},[60,55615,12378],{"class":126},[60,55617,9640],{"class":74},[60,55619,55620],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55621,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55623,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,55625,143],{"class":142},[60,55627,130],{"class":74},[60,55629,716],{"class":126},[60,55631,2662],{"class":74},[60,55633,55634],{"class":4674},"   # []\n",[60,55636,55637,55639,55641,55643,55645],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,55638,143],{"class":142},[60,55640,130],{"class":74},[60,55642,148],{"class":126},[60,55644,2662],{"class":74},[60,55646,21870],{"class":4674},[20,55648,55649],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[51,55651,55653],{"className":53,"code":55652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,55654,55655,55675,55689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55656,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671,55673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55658,664],{"class":66},[60,55660,71],{"class":70},[60,55662,75],{"class":74},[60,55664,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55666,88],{"class":74},[60,55668,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55670,88],{"class":74},[60,55672,1442],{"class":1402},[60,55674,108],{"class":74},[60,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55678,664],{"class":66},[60,55680,71],{"class":70},[60,55682,1989],{"class":66},[60,55684,123],{"class":74},[60,55686,12378],{"class":126},[60,55688,9640],{"class":74},[60,55690,55691,55693,55695,55697],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55692,143],{"class":142},[60,55694,130],{"class":74},[60,55696,716],{"class":126},[60,55698,136],{"class":74},[20,55700,12911,55701,43141,55703,55705],{},[15,55702,716],{},[15,55704,1585],{},", not an empty list.",[46,55707,55709,55711,55712],{"id":55708},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,55710,12317],{}," vs assigning ",[15,55713,4797],{},[20,55715,55716],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[51,55718,55719],{"className":53,"code":55430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,55720,55721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55722,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55724,9334],{"class":66},[60,55726,123],{"class":74},[60,55728,12378],{"class":126},[60,55730,9640],{"class":74},[51,55732,55734],{"className":53,"code":55733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n",[15,55735,55736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55737,55738,55740,55742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55739,9303],{"class":66},[60,55741,71],{"class":70},[60,55743,8834],{"class":74},[415,55745,55747,55749],{"id":55746},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,55748,12317],{}," empties the same list object",[51,55751,55753],{"className":53,"code":55752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,55754,55755,55775,55783,55787,55797,55801,55813],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55756,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55758,3569],{"class":66},[60,55760,71],{"class":70},[60,55762,75],{"class":74},[60,55764,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55766,88],{"class":74},[60,55768,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55770,88],{"class":74},[60,55772,1442],{"class":1402},[60,55774,108],{"class":74},[60,55776,55777,55779,55781],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55778,3596],{"class":66},[60,55780,71],{"class":70},[60,55782,37163],{"class":66},[60,55784,55785],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55786,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55788,55789,55791,55793,55795],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55790,551],{"class":66},[60,55792,123],{"class":74},[60,55794,12378],{"class":126},[60,55796,9640],{"class":74},[60,55798,55799],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,55800,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55802,55803,55805,55807,55809,55811],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,55804,143],{"class":142},[60,55806,130],{"class":74},[60,55808,551],{"class":126},[60,55810,2662],{"class":74},[60,55812,55386],{"class":4674},[60,55814,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,55816,143],{"class":142},[60,55818,130],{"class":74},[60,55820,2258],{"class":126},[60,55822,2662],{"class":74},[60,55824,55386],{"class":4674},[20,55826,2357,55827,2360,55829,55831],{},[15,55828,551],{},[15,55830,2258],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[415,55833,55835,55838],{"id":55834},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55836,55837],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[51,55840,55842],{"className":53,"code":55841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55843,55844,55864,55872,55876,55884,55888,55900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55845,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55847,3569],{"class":66},[60,55849,71],{"class":70},[60,55851,75],{"class":74},[60,55853,1432],{"class":1402},[60,55855,88],{"class":74},[60,55857,1437],{"class":1402},[60,55859,88],{"class":74},[60,55861,1442],{"class":1402},[60,55863,108],{"class":74},[60,55865,55866,55868,55870],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,55867,3596],{"class":66},[60,55869,71],{"class":70},[60,55871,37163],{"class":66},[60,55873,55874],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,55875,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55877,55878,55880,55882],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,55879,3569],{"class":66},[60,55881,71],{"class":70},[60,55883,8834],{"class":74},[60,55885,55886],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,55887,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,55889,55890,55892,55894,55896,55898],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,55891,143],{"class":142},[60,55893,130],{"class":74},[60,55895,551],{"class":126},[60,55897,2662],{"class":74},[60,55899,55386],{"class":4674},[60,55901,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,55903,143],{"class":142},[60,55905,130],{"class":74},[60,55907,2258],{"class":126},[60,55909,2662],{"class":74},[60,55911,55912],{"class":4674},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55914,21765,55915,55917,55918,55920],{},[15,55916,551],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55919,2258],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55922,55923],{},"This difference matters when:",[33,55925,55926,55929,55932],{},[36,55927,55928],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[36,55930,55931],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[36,55933,55934],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55936,55937,55938,123],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[551,55939,55941,55942,2887],{"href":55940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55943,13771],{},[46,55945,5963,55946],{"id":13432},[15,55947,12317],{},[20,55949,171,55950,7316],{},[15,55951,12317],{},[33,55953,55954,55957,55960],{},[36,55955,55956],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[36,55958,55959],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[36,55961,55962],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55964,236],{},[51,55966,55968],{"className":53,"code":55967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55969,55970,56006,56010,56015,56026,56030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,55971,55972,55975,55977,55979,55981,55984,55986,55988,55990,55993,55995,55997,55999,56002,56004],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,55973,55974],{"class":66},"shopping_cart ",[60,55976,71],{"class":70},[60,55978,75],{"class":74},[60,55980,79],{"class":78},[60,55982,55983],{"class":82},"milk",[60,55985,79],{"class":78},[60,55987,88],{"class":74},[60,55989,91],{"class":78},[60,55991,55992],{"class":82},"bread",[60,55994,79],{"class":78},[60,55996,88],{"class":74},[60,55998,91],{"class":78},[60,56000,56001],{"class":82},"eggs",[60,56003,79],{"class":78},[60,56005,108],{"class":74},[60,56007,56008],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56009,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56011,56012],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56013,56014],{"class":4674},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[60,56016,56017,56020,56022,56024],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56018,56019],{"class":66},"shopping_cart",[60,56021,123],{"class":74},[60,56023,12378],{"class":126},[60,56025,9640],{"class":74},[60,56027,56028],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,56029,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56031,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,56033,143],{"class":142},[60,56035,130],{"class":74},[60,56037,56019],{"class":126},[60,56039,2662],{"class":74},[60,56041,55386],{"class":4674},[20,56043,56044,56045,56049,56050,56056,56057,123],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[551,56046,56048],{"href":56047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[551,56051,56053,2887],{"href":56052},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,56054,56055],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[551,56058,56060,2887],{"href":56059},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,56061,56062],{},"list.pop()",[46,56064,5520],{"id":5519},[415,56066,56068,56069,2600,56072],{"id":56067},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,56070,56071],{},"my_list.clear",[15,56073,56074],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,56076,56077],{},"This does not call the method.",[51,56079,56081],{"className":53,"code":56080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,56082,56083,56103,56107,56116],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56084,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56086,664],{"class":66},[60,56088,71],{"class":70},[60,56090,75],{"class":74},[60,56092,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56094,88],{"class":74},[60,56096,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56098,88],{"class":74},[60,56100,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56102,108],{"class":74},[60,56104,56105],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56106,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56108,56109,56111,56113],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56110,716],{"class":66},[60,56112,123],{"class":74},[60,56114,56115],{"class":25743},"clear\n",[60,56117,56118,56120,56122,56124],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56119,143],{"class":142},[60,56121,130],{"class":74},[60,56123,716],{"class":126},[60,56125,136],{"class":74},[20,56127,153],{},[51,56129,56131],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56132,56133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56134,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56136,353],{"class":74},[60,56138,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56140,88],{"class":74},[60,56142,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56144,88],{"class":74},[60,56146,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56148,108],{"class":74},[20,56150,56151],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,56153,2078],{},[51,56155,56157],{"className":53,"code":56156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,56158,56159,56179,56183,56193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56162,664],{"class":66},[60,56164,71],{"class":70},[60,56166,75],{"class":74},[60,56168,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56170,88],{"class":74},[60,56172,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56174,88],{"class":74},[60,56176,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56178,108],{"class":74},[60,56180,56181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56182,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56184,56185,56187,56189,56191],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56186,716],{"class":66},[60,56188,123],{"class":74},[60,56190,12378],{"class":126},[60,56192,9640],{"class":74},[60,56194,56195,56197,56199,56201,56203],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56196,143],{"class":142},[60,56198,130],{"class":74},[60,56200,716],{"class":126},[60,56202,2662],{"class":74},[60,56204,55386],{"class":4674},[415,56206,9449,56208,56210],{"id":56207},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,56209,12317],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,56212,56213,3412,56215,56217],{},[15,56214,12317],{},[15,56216,1585],{},", not the list.",[51,56219,56221],{"className":53,"code":56220,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,56222,56223,56243,56257,56261,56273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56224,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56226,664],{"class":66},[60,56228,71],{"class":70},[60,56230,75],{"class":74},[60,56232,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56234,88],{"class":74},[60,56236,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56238,88],{"class":74},[60,56240,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56242,108],{"class":74},[60,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56246,114],{"class":66},[60,56248,71],{"class":70},[60,56250,1989],{"class":66},[60,56252,123],{"class":74},[60,56254,12378],{"class":126},[60,56256,9640],{"class":74},[60,56258,56259],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56260,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56262,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56264,143],{"class":142},[60,56266,130],{"class":74},[60,56268,148],{"class":126},[60,56270,2662],{"class":74},[60,56272,21870],{"class":4674},[60,56274,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,56276,143],{"class":142},[60,56278,130],{"class":74},[60,56280,716],{"class":126},[60,56282,2662],{"class":74},[60,56284,55634],{"class":4674},[415,56286,9413,56288,56290],{"id":56287},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,56289,12317],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,56292,56293,56294,56296],{},"Some types have a ",[15,56295,12317],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,56298,56299],{},"This will fail:",[51,56301,56303],{"className":53,"code":56302,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,56304,56305,56317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56306,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56308,35681],{"class":66},[60,56310,71],{"class":70},[60,56312,91],{"class":78},[60,56314,1008],{"class":82},[60,56316,2389],{"class":78},[60,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56320,35702],{"class":66},[60,56322,123],{"class":74},[60,56324,12378],{"class":126},[60,56326,9640],{"class":74},[20,56328,56329,56330,34594],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,56331,12317],{},[20,56333,56334,56335,56337],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,56336,1585],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,56339,56340],{},"Useful checks:",[51,56342,56344],{"className":53,"code":56343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,56345,56346,56356,56370,56384,56393,56403],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56347,56348,56350,56352,56354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56349,143],{"class":142},[60,56351,130],{"class":74},[60,56353,9334],{"class":126},[60,56355,136],{"class":74},[60,56357,56358,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56359,143],{"class":142},[60,56361,130],{"class":74},[60,56363,2629],{"class":1527},[60,56365,130],{"class":74},[60,56367,9334],{"class":126},[60,56369,1042],{"class":74},[60,56371,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56373,143],{"class":142},[60,56375,130],{"class":74},[60,56377,13644],{"class":142},[60,56379,130],{"class":74},[60,56381,9334],{"class":126},[60,56383,1042],{"class":74},[60,56385,56386,56388,56390],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56387,44530],{"class":66},[60,56389,71],{"class":70},[60,56391,56392],{"class":66}," my_list\n",[60,56394,56395,56397,56399,56401],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,56396,9334],{"class":66},[60,56398,123],{"class":74},[60,56400,12378],{"class":126},[60,56402,9640],{"class":74},[60,56404,56405,56407,56409,56411],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,56406,143],{"class":142},[60,56408,130],{"class":74},[60,56410,31735],{"class":126},[60,56412,136],{"class":74},[20,56414,56415],{},"These can help you see:",[33,56417,56418,56421,56424],{},[36,56419,56420],{},"What the variable currently contains",[36,56422,56423],{},"Whether it is really a list",[36,56425,56426],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,56428,56429,56430,123],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[551,56431,56432],{"href":55276},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[46,56434,2804],{"id":2803},[415,56436,2808,56438,56440],{"id":56437},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,56439,55329],{}," delete the list?",[20,56442,56443],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[415,56445,2808,56447,56449],{"id":56446},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,56448,55329],{}," return a new list?",[20,56451,56452,56453,56455],{},"No. It returns ",[15,56454,1585],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[415,56457,6180,56459,2360,56461,2863],{"id":56458},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,56460,12317],{},[15,56462,55837],{},[20,56464,56465,56467,56468,56470],{},[15,56466,12317],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,56469,55837],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[415,56472,2833,56474,56476],{"id":56473},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,56475,12317],{}," on other types?",[20,56478,56479,56480,56482],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,56481,12317],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[46,56484,2870],{"id":2869},[33,56486,56487,56491,56496,56503,56510,56516],{},[36,56488,56489],{},[551,56490,53751],{"href":55550},[36,56492,56493],{},[551,56494,56495],{"href":56047},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[36,56497,56498],{},[551,56499,56500,56501,2887],{"href":56059},"Python list ",[15,56502,13757],{},[36,56504,56505],{},[551,56506,56500,56507,2887],{"href":56052},[15,56508,56509],{},"remove()",[36,56511,56512],{},[551,56513,56500,56514,2887],{"href":55940},[15,56515,13771],{},[36,56517,56518],{},[551,56519,2898,56520,34627],{"href":55276},[15,56521,56522],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2912,56524,56525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":56527},[56528,56529,56531,56532,56533,56534,56541,56542,56550,56560],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":55394,"depth":111,"text":56530},"What list.clear() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":55708,"depth":111,"text":56535,"children":56536},"clear() vs assigning []",[56537,56539],{"id":55746,"depth":139,"text":56538},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55834,"depth":139,"text":56540},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":13432,"depth":111,"text":13803},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":56543},[56544,56546,56548],{"id":56067,"depth":139,"text":56545},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":56207,"depth":139,"text":56547},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":56287,"depth":139,"text":56549},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":56551},[56552,56554,56556,56558],{"id":56437,"depth":139,"text":56553},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":56446,"depth":139,"text":56555},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":56458,"depth":139,"text":56557},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":56473,"depth":139,"text":56559},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":55316,"description":56561},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":56568,"title":56569,"body":56570,"description":58254,"extension":2980,"meta":58255,"navigation":304,"path":58256,"seo":58257,"stem":58258,"__hash__":58259},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":56571,"toc":58222},[56572,56577,56583,56591,56593,56682,56689,56694,56698,56712,56714,56791,56793,56854,56857,56859,56861,56882,56885,56899,56902,56947,56949,56957,56960,56966,56972,56975,57052,57054,57099,57102,57107,57190,57192,57233,57238,57242,57248,57250,57258,57261,57354,57356,57414,57417,57433,57438,57448,57453,57455,57460,57465,57468,57470,57527,57530,57583,57589,57594,57598,57615,57617,57701,57703,57744,57752,57754,57759,57765,57767,57830,57835,57905,57909,57944,57947,57949,57988,57992,58068,58074,58080,58085,58107,58110,58129,58137,58139,58144,58147,58154,58162,58167,58170,58174,58180,58188,58191,58193,58219],[10,56573,55322,56575,18],{"id":56574},"python-list-copy-method",[15,56576,13771],{},[20,56578,56579,56582],{},[15,56580,56581],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,56584,56585,56586,15046,56588,56590],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,56587,71],{},[4753,56589,5632],{}," make a real copy.",[46,56592,3022],{"id":3021},[51,56594,56596],{"className":53,"code":56595,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56597,56598,56618,56633,56637,56652,56656,56669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56599,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56601,4629],{"class":66},[60,56603,71],{"class":70},[60,56605,75],{"class":74},[60,56607,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56609,88],{"class":74},[60,56611,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56613,88],{"class":74},[60,56615,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56617,108],{"class":74},[60,56619,56620,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56621,56622],{"class":66},"new_numbers ",[60,56624,71],{"class":70},[60,56626,5264],{"class":66},[60,56628,123],{"class":74},[60,56630,13905],{"class":126},[60,56632,9640],{"class":74},[60,56634,56635],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56636,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56638,56639,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56640,56641],{"class":66},"new_numbers",[60,56643,123],{"class":74},[60,56645,14545],{"class":126},[60,56647,130],{"class":74},[60,56649,3519],{"class":1402},[60,56651,136],{"class":74},[60,56653,56654],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,56655,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56657,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,56659,143],{"class":142},[60,56661,130],{"class":74},[60,56663,4659],{"class":126},[60,56665,2662],{"class":74},[60,56667,56668],{"class":4674},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[60,56670,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,56672,143],{"class":142},[60,56674,130],{"class":74},[60,56676,56641],{"class":126},[60,56678,2662],{"class":74},[60,56680,56681],{"class":4674},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,56683,171,56684,56686,56687,123],{},[15,56685,56581],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[4753,56688,13845],{},[46,56690,178,56692,181],{"id":56691},"what-listcopy-does",[15,56693,56581],{},[20,56695,56696,3901],{},[15,56697,56581],{},[33,56699,56700,56703,56706,56709],{},[36,56701,56702],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[36,56704,56705],{},"Returns that new list",[36,56707,56708],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[36,56710,56711],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,56713,236],{},[51,56715,56717],{"className":53,"code":56716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,56718,56719,56751,56766,56770,56780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56720,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56722,37227],{"class":66},[60,56724,71],{"class":70},[60,56726,75],{"class":74},[60,56728,79],{"class":78},[60,56730,1604],{"class":82},[60,56732,79],{"class":78},[60,56734,88],{"class":74},[60,56736,91],{"class":78},[60,56738,1619],{"class":82},[60,56740,79],{"class":78},[60,56742,88],{"class":74},[60,56744,91],{"class":78},[60,56746,34214],{"class":82},[60,56748,79],{"class":78},[60,56750,108],{"class":74},[60,56752,56753,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56754,56755],{"class":66},"copied_fruits ",[60,56757,71],{"class":70},[60,56759,53831],{"class":66},[60,56761,123],{"class":74},[60,56763,13905],{"class":126},[60,56765,9640],{"class":74},[60,56767,56768],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56769,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56771,56772,56774,56776,56778],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56773,143],{"class":142},[60,56775,130],{"class":74},[60,56777,37279],{"class":126},[60,56779,136],{"class":74},[60,56781,56782,56784,56786,56789],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,56783,143],{"class":142},[60,56785,130],{"class":74},[60,56787,56788],{"class":126},"copied_fruits",[60,56790,136],{"class":74},[20,56792,153],{},[51,56794,56796],{"className":53,"code":56795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56797,56798,56826],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56799,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822,56824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56801,353],{"class":74},[60,56803,356],{"class":78},[60,56805,1604],{"class":82},[60,56807,356],{"class":78},[60,56809,88],{"class":74},[60,56811,365],{"class":78},[60,56813,1619],{"class":82},[60,56815,356],{"class":78},[60,56817,88],{"class":74},[60,56819,365],{"class":78},[60,56821,34214],{"class":82},[60,56823,356],{"class":78},[60,56825,108],{"class":74},[60,56827,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56829,353],{"class":74},[60,56831,356],{"class":78},[60,56833,1604],{"class":82},[60,56835,356],{"class":78},[60,56837,88],{"class":74},[60,56839,365],{"class":78},[60,56841,1619],{"class":82},[60,56843,356],{"class":78},[60,56845,88],{"class":74},[60,56847,365],{"class":78},[60,56849,34214],{"class":82},[60,56851,356],{"class":78},[60,56853,108],{"class":74},[20,56855,56856],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[46,56858,389],{"id":388},[20,56860,3177],{},[51,56862,56864],{"className":53,"code":56863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56865,56866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56867,56868,56871,56873,56876,56878,56880],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56869,56870],{"class":66},"new_list ",[60,56872,71],{"class":70},[60,56874,56875],{"class":66}," old_list",[60,56877,123],{"class":74},[60,56879,13905],{"class":126},[60,56881,9640],{"class":74},[20,56883,56884],{},"How it works:",[33,56886,56887,56893,56896],{},[36,56888,56889,56890,56892],{},"Call ",[15,56891,13771],{}," on an existing list",[36,56894,56895],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[36,56897,56898],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56900,56901],{},"Example with an empty list:",[51,56903,56905],{"className":53,"code":56904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56906,56907,56916,56932,56936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56908,56909,56912,56914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56910,56911],{"class":66},"empty_list ",[60,56913,71],{"class":70},[60,56915,8834],{"class":74},[60,56917,56918,56921,56923,56926,56928,56930],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,56919,56920],{"class":66},"new_empty_list ",[60,56922,71],{"class":70},[60,56924,56925],{"class":66}," empty_list",[60,56927,123],{"class":74},[60,56929,13905],{"class":126},[60,56931,9640],{"class":74},[60,56933,56934],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,56935,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,56937,56938,56940,56942,56945],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,56939,143],{"class":142},[60,56941,130],{"class":74},[60,56943,56944],{"class":126},"new_empty_list",[60,56946,136],{"class":74},[20,56948,153],{},[51,56950,56951],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,56952,56953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56954,56955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56956,39285],{"class":74},[20,56958,56959],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[46,56961,56963,56964],{"id":56962},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56965,71],{},[20,56967,9413,56968,15046,56970,53647],{},[15,56969,71],{},[4753,56971,5632],{},[20,56973,56974],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[51,56976,56978],{"className":53,"code":56977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56979,56980,57000,57009,57013,57028,57032,57042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,56981,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,56983,4629],{"class":66},[60,56985,71],{"class":70},[60,56987,75],{"class":74},[60,56989,1432],{"class":1402},[60,56991,88],{"class":74},[60,56993,1437],{"class":1402},[60,56995,88],{"class":74},[60,56997,1442],{"class":1402},[60,56999,108],{"class":74},[60,57001,57002,57005,57007],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57003,57004],{"class":66},"same_list ",[60,57006,71],{"class":70},[60,57008,44963],{"class":66},[60,57010,57011],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57012,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57014,57015,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57016,57017],{"class":66},"same_list",[60,57019,123],{"class":74},[60,57021,14545],{"class":126},[60,57023,130],{"class":74},[60,57025,3519],{"class":1402},[60,57027,136],{"class":74},[60,57029,57030],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57031,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57033,57034,57036,57038,57040],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,57035,143],{"class":142},[60,57037,130],{"class":74},[60,57039,4659],{"class":126},[60,57041,136],{"class":74},[60,57043,57044,57046,57048,57050],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,57045,143],{"class":142},[60,57047,130],{"class":74},[60,57049,57017],{"class":126},[60,57051,136],{"class":74},[20,57053,153],{},[51,57055,57057],{"className":53,"code":57056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57058,57059,57079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57060,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57062,353],{"class":74},[60,57064,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57066,88],{"class":74},[60,57068,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57070,88],{"class":74},[60,57072,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57074,88],{"class":74},[60,57076,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57078,108],{"class":74},[60,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57082,353],{"class":74},[60,57084,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57086,88],{"class":74},[60,57088,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57090,88],{"class":74},[60,57092,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57094,88],{"class":74},[60,57096,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57098,108],{"class":74},[20,57100,57101],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,57103,57104,57105,3901],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,57106,13771],{},[51,57108,57110],{"className":53,"code":57109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,57111,57112,57132,57147,57151,57166,57170,57180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57113,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57115,4629],{"class":66},[60,57117,71],{"class":70},[60,57119,75],{"class":74},[60,57121,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57123,88],{"class":74},[60,57125,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57127,88],{"class":74},[60,57129,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57131,108],{"class":74},[60,57133,57134,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57135,57136],{"class":66},"copied_numbers ",[60,57138,71],{"class":70},[60,57140,5264],{"class":66},[60,57142,123],{"class":74},[60,57144,13905],{"class":126},[60,57146,9640],{"class":74},[60,57148,57149],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57150,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57152,57153,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57154,57155],{"class":66},"copied_numbers",[60,57157,123],{"class":74},[60,57159,14545],{"class":126},[60,57161,130],{"class":74},[60,57163,3519],{"class":1402},[60,57165,136],{"class":74},[60,57167,57168],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57169,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57171,57172,57174,57176,57178],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,57173,143],{"class":142},[60,57175,130],{"class":74},[60,57177,4659],{"class":126},[60,57179,136],{"class":74},[60,57181,57182,57184,57186,57188],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,57183,143],{"class":142},[60,57185,130],{"class":74},[60,57187,57155],{"class":126},[60,57189,136],{"class":74},[20,57191,153],{},[51,57193,57195],{"className":53,"code":57194,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57196,57197,57213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57198,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57200,353],{"class":74},[60,57202,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57204,88],{"class":74},[60,57206,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57208,88],{"class":74},[60,57210,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57212,108],{"class":74},[60,57214,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57216,353],{"class":74},[60,57218,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57220,88],{"class":74},[60,57222,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57224,88],{"class":74},[60,57226,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57228,88],{"class":74},[60,57230,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57232,108],{"class":74},[20,57234,57235,57236,123],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[551,57237,53751],{"href":51958},[46,57239,57241],{"id":57240},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,57243,57244,13842,57246,123],{},[15,57245,56581],{},[4753,57247,13845],{},[20,57249,3124],{},[33,57251,57252,57255],{},[36,57253,57254],{},"The outer list is new",[36,57256,57257],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,57259,57260],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[51,57262,57264],{"className":53,"code":57263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,57265,57266,57293,57307,57311,57330,57334,57344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57267,57268,57270,57272,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57269,13081],{"class":66},[60,57271,71],{"class":70},[60,57273,57274],{"class":74}," [[",[60,57276,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57278,88],{"class":74},[60,57280,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57282,19055],{"class":74},[60,57284,75],{"class":74},[60,57286,3079],{"class":1402},[60,57288,88],{"class":74},[60,57290,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57292,54222],{"class":74},[60,57294,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57296,15304],{"class":66},[60,57298,71],{"class":70},[60,57300,13156],{"class":66},[60,57302,123],{"class":74},[60,57304,13905],{"class":126},[60,57306,9640],{"class":74},[60,57308,57309],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57310,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57312,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57328],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57314,15323],{"class":66},[60,57316,353],{"class":74},[60,57318,3137],{"class":1402},[60,57320,14542],{"class":74},[60,57322,14545],{"class":126},[60,57324,130],{"class":74},[60,57326,57327],{"class":1402},"99",[60,57329,136],{"class":74},[60,57331,57332],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57333,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57335,57336,57338,57340,57342],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,57337,143],{"class":142},[60,57339,130],{"class":74},[60,57341,13128],{"class":126},[60,57343,136],{"class":74},[60,57345,57346,57348,57350,57352],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,57347,143],{"class":142},[60,57349,130],{"class":74},[60,57351,15323],{"class":126},[60,57353,136],{"class":74},[20,57355,153],{},[51,57357,57359],{"className":53,"code":57358,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,57360,57361,57388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57362,57363,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382,57384,57386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57364,57365],{"class":74},"[[",[60,57367,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57369,88],{"class":74},[60,57371,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57373,88],{"class":74},[60,57375,11194],{"class":1402},[60,57377,19055],{"class":74},[60,57379,75],{"class":74},[60,57381,3079],{"class":1402},[60,57383,88],{"class":74},[60,57385,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57387,54222],{"class":74},[60,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57391,57365],{"class":74},[60,57393,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57395,88],{"class":74},[60,57397,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57399,88],{"class":74},[60,57401,11194],{"class":1402},[60,57403,19055],{"class":74},[60,57405,75],{"class":74},[60,57407,3079],{"class":1402},[60,57409,88],{"class":74},[60,57411,3471],{"class":1402},[60,57413,54222],{"class":74},[20,57415,57416],{},"Why did both change?",[33,57418,57419,57426],{},[36,57420,57421,2360,57423,57425],{},[15,57422,13128],{},[15,57424,15323],{}," are different outer lists",[36,57427,57428,57429,57432],{},"But the inner list ",[15,57430,57431],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,57434,54633,57435,57437],{},[15,57436,13771],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[33,57439,57440,57443,57446],{},[36,57441,57442],{},"Numbers",[36,57444,57445],{},"Strings",[36,57447,41581],{},[20,57449,57450,57451,123],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[551,57452,14783],{"href":14782},[46,57454,18413],{"id":18412},[20,57456,57457,57459],{},[15,57458,56581],{}," returns a new list.",[20,57461,41892,57462,57464],{},[4753,57463,5632],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,57466,57467],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,57469,17649],{},[51,57471,57473],{"className":53,"code":57472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,57474,57475,57499,57513,57517],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57476,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57478,1070],{"class":66},[60,57480,71],{"class":70},[60,57482,75],{"class":74},[60,57484,79],{"class":78},[60,57486,254],{"class":82},[60,57488,79],{"class":78},[60,57490,88],{"class":74},[60,57492,91],{"class":78},[60,57494,272],{"class":82},[60,57496,79],{"class":78},[60,57498,108],{"class":74},[60,57500,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57502,14110],{"class":66},[60,57504,71],{"class":70},[60,57506,14115],{"class":66},[60,57508,123],{"class":74},[60,57510,13905],{"class":126},[60,57512,9640],{"class":74},[60,57514,57515],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57516,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57518,57519,57521,57523,57525],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57520,143],{"class":142},[60,57522,130],{"class":74},[60,57524,14134],{"class":126},[60,57526,136],{"class":74},[20,57528,57529],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[51,57531,57533],{"className":53,"code":57532,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,57534,57535,57559,57569,57573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57536,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57538,1070],{"class":66},[60,57540,71],{"class":70},[60,57542,75],{"class":74},[60,57544,79],{"class":78},[60,57546,254],{"class":82},[60,57548,79],{"class":78},[60,57550,88],{"class":74},[60,57552,91],{"class":78},[60,57554,272],{"class":82},[60,57556,79],{"class":78},[60,57558,108],{"class":74},[60,57560,57561,57563,57565,57567],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57562,1119],{"class":66},[60,57564,123],{"class":74},[60,57566,13905],{"class":126},[60,57568,9640],{"class":74},[60,57570,57571],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57572,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57574,57575,57577,57579,57581],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57576,143],{"class":142},[60,57578,130],{"class":74},[60,57580,1119],{"class":126},[60,57582,136],{"class":74},[20,57584,57585,57586,57588],{},"In the second example, ",[15,57587,13771],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[46,57590,5963,57592],{"id":57591},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,57593,56581],{},[20,57595,171,57596,11598],{},[15,57597,56581],{},[33,57599,57600,57603,57606,57609],{},[36,57601,57602],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[36,57604,57605],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[36,57607,57608],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[36,57610,57611,57612],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,57613,57614],{},"[:]",[20,57616,236],{},[51,57618,57620],{"className":53,"code":57619,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,57621,57622,57642,57657,57661,57676,57680,57690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57623,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57625,6064],{"class":66},[60,57627,71],{"class":70},[60,57629,75],{"class":74},[60,57631,1345],{"class":1402},[60,57633,88],{"class":74},[60,57635,1407],{"class":1402},[60,57637,88],{"class":74},[60,57639,8791],{"class":1402},[60,57641,108],{"class":74},[60,57643,57644,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57645,57646],{"class":66},"backup_scores ",[60,57648,71],{"class":70},[60,57650,6111],{"class":66},[60,57652,123],{"class":74},[60,57654,13905],{"class":126},[60,57656,9640],{"class":74},[60,57658,57659],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57660,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57662,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57674],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57664,17382],{"class":66},[60,57666,123],{"class":74},[60,57668,14545],{"class":126},[60,57670,130],{"class":74},[60,57672,57673],{"class":1402},"40",[60,57675,136],{"class":74},[60,57677,57678],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57679,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57681,57682,57684,57686,57688],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,57683,143],{"class":142},[60,57685,130],{"class":74},[60,57687,17382],{"class":126},[60,57689,136],{"class":74},[60,57691,57692,57694,57696,57699],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,57693,143],{"class":142},[60,57695,130],{"class":74},[60,57697,57698],{"class":126},"backup_scores",[60,57700,136],{"class":74},[20,57702,153],{},[51,57704,57706],{"className":53,"code":57705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,57707,57708,57728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57709,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57711,353],{"class":74},[60,57713,1345],{"class":1402},[60,57715,88],{"class":74},[60,57717,1407],{"class":1402},[60,57719,88],{"class":74},[60,57721,8791],{"class":1402},[60,57723,88],{"class":74},[60,57725,51823],{"class":1402},[60,57727,108],{"class":74},[60,57729,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57731,353],{"class":74},[60,57733,1345],{"class":1402},[60,57735,88],{"class":74},[60,57737,1407],{"class":1402},[60,57739,88],{"class":74},[60,57741,8791],{"class":1402},[60,57743,108],{"class":74},[20,57745,57746,57747,123],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[551,57748,56500,57750,2887],{"href":57749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,57751,53632],{},[46,57753,5520],{"id":5519},[20,57755,57756,57757,123],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,57758,56581],{},[415,57760,9413,57762,57764],{"id":57761},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57763,71],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57766,40187],{},[51,57768,57770],{"className":53,"code":57769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57771,57772,57792,57800,57814,57818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57773,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57775,3569],{"class":66},[60,57777,71],{"class":70},[60,57779,75],{"class":74},[60,57781,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57783,88],{"class":74},[60,57785,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57787,88],{"class":74},[60,57789,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57791,108],{"class":74},[60,57793,57794,57796,57798],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57795,3596],{"class":66},[60,57797,71],{"class":70},[60,57799,37163],{"class":66},[60,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57803,2258],{"class":66},[60,57805,123],{"class":74},[60,57807,14545],{"class":126},[60,57809,130],{"class":74},[60,57811,3519],{"class":1402},[60,57813,136],{"class":74},[60,57815,57816],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57817,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57819,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57821,143],{"class":142},[60,57823,130],{"class":74},[60,57825,551],{"class":126},[60,57827,2662],{"class":74},[60,57829,56681],{"class":4674},[20,57831,57832,57833,2225],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57834,13771],{},[51,57836,57838],{"className":53,"code":57837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57839,57840,57860,57875,57889,57893],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57841,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57843,3569],{"class":66},[60,57845,71],{"class":70},[60,57847,75],{"class":74},[60,57849,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57851,88],{"class":74},[60,57853,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57855,88],{"class":74},[60,57857,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57859,108],{"class":74},[60,57861,57862,57864,57866,57869,57871,57873],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57863,3596],{"class":66},[60,57865,71],{"class":70},[60,57867,57868],{"class":66}," a",[60,57870,123],{"class":74},[60,57872,13905],{"class":126},[60,57874,9640],{"class":74},[60,57876,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,57878,2258],{"class":66},[60,57880,123],{"class":74},[60,57882,14545],{"class":126},[60,57884,130],{"class":74},[60,57886,3519],{"class":1402},[60,57888,136],{"class":74},[60,57890,57891],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,57892,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,57894,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,57896,143],{"class":142},[60,57898,130],{"class":74},[60,57900,551],{"class":126},[60,57902,2662],{"class":74},[60,57904,55912],{"class":4674},[415,57906,57908],{"id":57907},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[51,57910,57912],{"className":53,"code":57911,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57913,57914,57934],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57915,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57917,4629],{"class":66},[60,57919,71],{"class":70},[60,57921,75],{"class":74},[60,57923,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57925,88],{"class":74},[60,57927,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57929,88],{"class":74},[60,57931,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57933,108],{"class":74},[60,57935,57936,57938,57940,57942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57937,4659],{"class":66},[60,57939,123],{"class":74},[60,57941,13905],{"class":126},[60,57943,9640],{"class":74},[20,57945,57946],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57948,1929],{},[51,57950,57952],{"className":53,"code":57951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57953,57954,57974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57955,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,57957,4629],{"class":66},[60,57959,71],{"class":70},[60,57961,75],{"class":74},[60,57963,1432],{"class":1402},[60,57965,88],{"class":74},[60,57967,1437],{"class":1402},[60,57969,88],{"class":74},[60,57971,1442],{"class":1402},[60,57973,108],{"class":74},[60,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,57977,57136],{"class":66},[60,57979,71],{"class":70},[60,57981,5264],{"class":66},[60,57983,123],{"class":74},[60,57985,13905],{"class":126},[60,57987,9640],{"class":74},[415,57989,57991],{"id":57990},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[51,57993,57995],{"className":53,"code":57994,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57996,57997,58015,58029,58033,58051,58055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,57998,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58000,3569],{"class":66},[60,58002,71],{"class":70},[60,58004,57274],{"class":74},[60,58006,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58008,19055],{"class":74},[60,58010,75],{"class":74},[60,58012,1925],{"class":1402},[60,58014,54222],{"class":74},[60,58016,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58018,3596],{"class":66},[60,58020,71],{"class":70},[60,58022,57868],{"class":66},[60,58024,123],{"class":74},[60,58026,13905],{"class":126},[60,58028,9640],{"class":74},[60,58030,58031],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,58032,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,58034,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,58036,2258],{"class":66},[60,58038,353],{"class":74},[60,58040,3137],{"class":1402},[60,58042,14542],{"class":74},[60,58044,14545],{"class":126},[60,58046,130],{"class":74},[60,58048,57327],{"class":1402},[60,58050,136],{"class":74},[60,58052,58053],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,58054,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,58056,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,58058,143],{"class":142},[60,58060,130],{"class":74},[60,58062,551],{"class":126},[60,58064,2662],{"class":74},[60,58066,58067],{"class":4674},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,58069,58070,58071,58073],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,58072,56581],{}," is shallow.",[415,58075,26610,58077,58079],{"id":58076},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,58078,13771],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,58081,58082,58084],{},[15,58083,13771],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[51,58086,58088],{"className":53,"code":58087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,58089,58090,58102],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58091,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58093,8872],{"class":66},[60,58095,71],{"class":70},[60,58097,91],{"class":78},[60,58099,6005],{"class":82},[60,58101,2389],{"class":78},[60,58103,58104],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58105,58106],{"class":4674},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,58108,58109],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[51,58111,58113],{"className":53,"code":58112,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(name))\n",[15,58114,58115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58118,143],{"class":142},[60,58120,130],{"class":74},[60,58122,2629],{"class":1527},[60,58124,130],{"class":74},[60,58126,8666],{"class":126},[60,58128,1042],{"class":74},[20,58130,58131,58132,58136],{},"You can also review ",[551,58133,58135],{"href":58134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[46,58138,2804],{"id":2803},[415,58140,2808,58142,2826],{"id":58141},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,58143,56581],{},[20,58145,58146],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[415,58148,6180,58150,2360,58152,2863],{"id":58149},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,58151,56581],{},[15,58153,71],{},[20,58155,58156,58158,58159,58161],{},[15,58157,13771],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,58160,71],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[415,58163,15896,58165,15899],{"id":58164},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,58166,56581],{},[20,58168,58169],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[415,58171,58173],{"id":58172},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,58175,2839,58176,58179],{},[15,58177,58178],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[415,58181,15896,58183,58185,58186,2863],{"id":58182},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,58184,56581],{}," the same as ",[15,58187,57614],{},[20,58189,58190],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[46,58192,2870],{"id":2869},[33,58194,58195,58200,58204,58209,58215],{},[36,58196,58197],{},[551,58198,15958],{"href":58199},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[36,58201,58202],{},[551,58203,53751],{"href":51958},[36,58205,58206],{},[551,58207,58208],{"href":58134},"Creating a list in Python",[36,58210,58211],{},[551,58212,56500,58213,2887],{"href":57749},[15,58214,53632],{},[36,58216,58217],{},[551,58218,14783],{"href":14782},[2912,58220,58221],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":58223},[58224,58225,58227,58228,58230,58231,58232,58234,58242,58253],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":56691,"depth":111,"text":58226},"What list.copy() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":56962,"depth":111,"text":58229},"Why not use =",{"id":57240,"depth":111,"text":57241},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":57591,"depth":111,"text":58233},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":58235},[58236,58238,58239,58240],{"id":57761,"depth":139,"text":58237},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57907,"depth":139,"text":57908},{"id":57990,"depth":139,"text":57991},{"id":58076,"depth":139,"text":58241},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":58243},[58244,58246,58248,58250,58251],{"id":58141,"depth":139,"text":58245},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":58149,"depth":139,"text":58247},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":58164,"depth":139,"text":58249},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":58172,"depth":139,"text":58173},{"id":58182,"depth":139,"text":58252},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":56569,"description":58254},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":58261,"title":58262,"body":58263,"description":60005,"extension":2980,"meta":60006,"navigation":304,"path":60007,"seo":60008,"stem":60009,"__hash__":60010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":58264,"toc":59964},[58265,58271,58277,58280,58291,58294,58296,58359,58365,58370,58374,58388,58391,58396,58401,58403,58405,58424,58436,58438,58505,58507,58515,58520,58522,58530,58533,58550,58552,58676,58687,58691,58696,58699,58701,58719,58723,58809,58818,58826,58895,58897,58900,58912,58917,58921,58992,58995,58999,59003,59068,59070,59078,59082,59165,59167,59175,59179,59240,59242,59250,59254,59341,59343,59351,59356,59361,59364,59375,59377,59462,59467,59476,59478,59482,59486,59491,59553,59557,59565,59571,59580,59585,59634,59637,59658,59662,59724,59731,59736,59739,59826,59829,59840,59843,59863,59865,59871,59874,59878,59882,59888,59891,59897,59904,59912,59923,59925,59961],[10,58266,55322,58268,18],{"id":58267},"python-list-count-method",[15,58269,58270],{},"count()",[20,58272,58273,58276],{},[15,58274,58275],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,58278,58279],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[33,58281,58282,58285,58288],{},[36,58283,58284],{},"count one specific item",[36,58286,58287],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[36,58289,58290],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,58292,58293],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[46,58295,49],{"id":48},[51,58297,58299],{"className":53,"code":58298,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,58300,58301,58329,58347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58302,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58304,4629],{"class":66},[60,58306,71],{"class":70},[60,58308,75],{"class":74},[60,58310,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58312,88],{"class":74},[60,58314,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58316,88],{"class":74},[60,58318,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58320,88],{"class":74},[60,58322,1442],{"class":1402},[60,58324,88],{"class":74},[60,58326,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58328,108],{"class":74},[60,58330,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58332,114],{"class":66},[60,58334,71],{"class":70},[60,58336,5264],{"class":66},[60,58338,123],{"class":74},[60,58340,42246],{"class":126},[60,58342,130],{"class":74},[60,58344,1925],{"class":1402},[60,58346,136],{"class":74},[60,58348,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,58350,143],{"class":142},[60,58352,130],{"class":74},[60,58354,148],{"class":126},[60,58356,2662],{"class":74},[60,58358,51750],{"class":4674},[20,58360,171,58361,58364],{},[15,58362,58363],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[46,58366,178,58368,181],{"id":58367},"what-listcount-does",[15,58369,58275],{},[20,58371,58372,3901],{},[15,58373,58275],{},[33,58375,58376,58379,58382,58385],{},[36,58377,58378],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[36,58380,58381],{},"returns an integer",[36,58383,58384],{},"does not change the original list",[36,58386,58387],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,58389,58390],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,58392,58393,58394,123],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,58395,3079],{},[20,58397,58398,58399,123],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,58400,3137],{},[46,58402,389],{"id":388},[20,58404,3177],{},[51,58406,58408],{"className":53,"code":58407,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,58409,58410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58411,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58413,9334],{"class":66},[60,58415,123],{"class":74},[60,58417,42246],{"class":126},[60,58419,130],{"class":74},[60,58421,3487],{"class":126},[60,58423,136],{"class":74},[33,58425,58426,58431],{},[36,58427,58428,58430],{},[15,58429,9334],{}," is the list you want to search",[36,58432,58433,58435],{},[15,58434,3487],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,58437,236],{},[51,58439,58441],{"className":53,"code":58440,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,58442,58443,58483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58444,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58446,767],{"class":66},[60,58448,71],{"class":70},[60,58450,75],{"class":74},[60,58452,79],{"class":78},[60,58454,551],{"class":82},[60,58456,79],{"class":78},[60,58458,88],{"class":74},[60,58460,91],{"class":78},[60,58462,2258],{"class":82},[60,58464,79],{"class":78},[60,58466,88],{"class":74},[60,58468,91],{"class":78},[60,58470,551],{"class":82},[60,58472,79],{"class":78},[60,58474,88],{"class":74},[60,58476,91],{"class":78},[60,58478,1895],{"class":82},[60,58480,79],{"class":78},[60,58482,108],{"class":74},[60,58484,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58486,143],{"class":142},[60,58488,130],{"class":74},[60,58490,843],{"class":126},[60,58492,123],{"class":74},[60,58494,42246],{"class":126},[60,58496,130],{"class":74},[60,58498,79],{"class":78},[60,58500,551],{"class":82},[60,58502,79],{"class":78},[60,58504,1042],{"class":74},[20,58506,153],{},[51,58508,58509],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,58510,58511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58512,58513],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58514,18050],{"class":1402},[20,58516,58517,58518,123],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,58519,3137],{},[46,58521,39008],{"id":39007},[20,58523,58524,58525,58527,58528,123],{},"The return value from ",[15,58526,58270],{}," is always an ",[15,58529,3206],{},[20,58531,58532],{},"Possible results:",[33,58534,58535,58540,58545],{},[36,58536,58537,58539],{},[15,58538,3137],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[36,58541,58542,58544],{},[15,58543,1432],{}," if it appears once",[36,58546,58547,58549],{},[15,58548,1925],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,58551,236],{},[51,58553,58555],{"className":53,"code":58554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,58556,58557,58597,58601,58626,58651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58558,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58560,1070],{"class":66},[60,58562,71],{"class":70},[60,58564,75],{"class":74},[60,58566,79],{"class":78},[60,58568,254],{"class":82},[60,58570,79],{"class":78},[60,58572,88],{"class":74},[60,58574,91],{"class":78},[60,58576,272],{"class":82},[60,58578,79],{"class":78},[60,58580,88],{"class":74},[60,58582,91],{"class":78},[60,58584,263],{"class":82},[60,58586,79],{"class":78},[60,58588,88],{"class":74},[60,58590,91],{"class":78},[60,58592,272],{"class":82},[60,58594,79],{"class":78},[60,58596,108],{"class":74},[60,58598,58599],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58600,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,58602,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,58604,143],{"class":142},[60,58606,130],{"class":74},[60,58608,1119],{"class":126},[60,58610,123],{"class":74},[60,58612,42246],{"class":126},[60,58614,130],{"class":74},[60,58616,79],{"class":78},[60,58618,272],{"class":82},[60,58620,79],{"class":78},[60,58622,6362],{"class":74},[60,58624,58625],{"class":4674},"   # 2\n",[60,58627,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,58629,143],{"class":142},[60,58631,130],{"class":74},[60,58633,1119],{"class":126},[60,58635,123],{"class":74},[60,58637,42246],{"class":126},[60,58639,130],{"class":74},[60,58641,79],{"class":78},[60,58643,254],{"class":82},[60,58645,79],{"class":78},[60,58647,6362],{"class":74},[60,58649,58650],{"class":4674},"    # 1\n",[60,58652,58653,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,58654,143],{"class":142},[60,58656,130],{"class":74},[60,58658,1119],{"class":126},[60,58660,123],{"class":74},[60,58662,42246],{"class":126},[60,58664,130],{"class":74},[60,58666,79],{"class":78},[60,58668,23517],{"class":82},[60,58670,79],{"class":78},[60,58672,6362],{"class":74},[60,58674,58675],{"class":4674}," # 0\n",[20,58677,58678,58679,58681,58682,58684,58685,123],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,58680,58270],{}," works, but using ",[15,58683,2672],{}," is often simpler. See ",[551,58686,7197],{"href":7196},[46,58688,58690],{"id":58689},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,58692,58693,58695],{},[15,58694,58275],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,58697,58698],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,58700,44631],{},[33,58702,58703,58706,58709,58716],{},[36,58704,58705],{},"matches are based on equality",[36,58707,58708],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[36,58710,58711,2360,58713,58715],{},[15,58712,1432],{},[15,58714,4616],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[36,58717,58718],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[415,58720,58722],{"id":58721},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[51,58724,58726],{"className":53,"code":58725,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,58727,58728,58761,58785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740,58742,58744,58746,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58731,67],{"class":66},[60,58733,71],{"class":70},[60,58735,75],{"class":74},[60,58737,79],{"class":78},[60,58739,1604],{"class":82},[60,58741,79],{"class":78},[60,58743,88],{"class":74},[60,58745,91],{"class":78},[60,58747,58748],{"class":82},"Apple",[60,58750,79],{"class":78},[60,58752,88],{"class":74},[60,58754,91],{"class":78},[60,58756,1604],{"class":82},[60,58758,79],{"class":78},[60,58760,108],{"class":74},[60,58762,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58764,143],{"class":142},[60,58766,130],{"class":74},[60,58768,133],{"class":126},[60,58770,123],{"class":74},[60,58772,42246],{"class":126},[60,58774,130],{"class":74},[60,58776,79],{"class":78},[60,58778,1604],{"class":82},[60,58780,79],{"class":78},[60,58782,6362],{"class":74},[60,58784,52394],{"class":4674},[60,58786,58787,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,58788,143],{"class":142},[60,58790,130],{"class":74},[60,58792,133],{"class":126},[60,58794,123],{"class":74},[60,58796,42246],{"class":126},[60,58798,130],{"class":74},[60,58800,79],{"class":78},[60,58802,58748],{"class":82},[60,58804,79],{"class":78},[60,58806,6362],{"class":74},[60,58808,28773],{"class":4674},[20,58810,58811,2360,58814,58817],{},[15,58812,58813],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58815,58816],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[415,58819,58821,2360,58823,58825],{"id":58820},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58822,1432],{},[15,58824,4616],{}," can match",[51,58827,58829],{"className":53,"code":58828,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58830,58831,58855,58875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58832,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58834,1336],{"class":66},[60,58836,71],{"class":70},[60,58838,75],{"class":74},[60,58840,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58842,88],{"class":74},[60,58844,4919],{"class":1611},[60,58846,88],{"class":74},[60,58848,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58850,88],{"class":74},[60,58852,6499],{"class":1402},[60,58854,108],{"class":74},[60,58856,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58858,143],{"class":142},[60,58860,130],{"class":74},[60,58862,1388],{"class":126},[60,58864,123],{"class":74},[60,58866,42246],{"class":126},[60,58868,130],{"class":74},[60,58870,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58872,6362],{"class":74},[60,58874,51898],{"class":4674},[60,58876,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,58878,143],{"class":142},[60,58880,130],{"class":74},[60,58882,1388],{"class":126},[60,58884,123],{"class":74},[60,58886,42246],{"class":126},[60,58888,130],{"class":74},[60,58890,4616],{"class":1611},[60,58892,6362],{"class":74},[60,58894,51750],{"class":4674},[20,58896,5411],{},[20,58898,58899],{},"In Python:",[33,58901,58902,58907],{},[36,58903,58904],{},[15,58905,58906],{},"True == 1",[36,58908,58909],{},[15,58910,58911],{},"False == 0",[20,58913,54633,58914,58916],{},[15,58915,58270],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[415,58918,58920],{"id":58919},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[51,58922,58924],{"className":53,"code":58923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58925,58926,58968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,58927,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938,58940,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,58929,664],{"class":66},[60,58931,71],{"class":70},[60,58933,57274],{"class":74},[60,58935,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58937,88],{"class":74},[60,58939,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58941,19055],{"class":74},[60,58943,75],{"class":74},[60,58945,3079],{"class":1402},[60,58947,88],{"class":74},[60,58949,3471],{"class":1402},[60,58951,19055],{"class":74},[60,58953,75],{"class":74},[60,58955,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58957,88],{"class":74},[60,58959,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58961,19055],{"class":74},[60,58963,75],{"class":74},[60,58965,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58967,54222],{"class":74},[60,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,58971,143],{"class":142},[60,58973,130],{"class":74},[60,58975,716],{"class":126},[60,58977,123],{"class":74},[60,58979,42246],{"class":126},[60,58981,2652],{"class":74},[60,58983,1432],{"class":1402},[60,58985,88],{"class":74},[60,58987,1437],{"class":1402},[60,58989,5737],{"class":74},[60,58991,52394],{"class":4674},[20,58993,58994],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[46,58996,58998],{"id":58997},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[415,59000,59002],{"id":59001},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[51,59004,59006],{"className":53,"code":59005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59007,59008,59036,59054,59058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59009,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032,59034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59011,4629],{"class":66},[60,59013,71],{"class":70},[60,59015,75],{"class":74},[60,59017,1345],{"class":1402},[60,59019,88],{"class":74},[60,59021,1407],{"class":1402},[60,59023,88],{"class":74},[60,59025,7005],{"class":1402},[60,59027,88],{"class":74},[60,59029,8791],{"class":1402},[60,59031,88],{"class":74},[60,59033,7005],{"class":1402},[60,59035,108],{"class":74},[60,59037,59038,59040,59042,59044,59046,59048,59050,59052],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59039,114],{"class":66},[60,59041,71],{"class":70},[60,59043,5264],{"class":66},[60,59045,123],{"class":74},[60,59047,42246],{"class":126},[60,59049,130],{"class":74},[60,59051,1345],{"class":1402},[60,59053,136],{"class":74},[60,59055,59056],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59057,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,59059,59060,59062,59064,59066],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59061,143],{"class":142},[60,59063,130],{"class":74},[60,59065,148],{"class":126},[60,59067,136],{"class":74},[20,59069,153],{},[51,59071,59072],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59073,59074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59075,59076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59077,47599],{"class":1402},[415,59079,59081],{"id":59080},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[51,59083,59085],{"className":53,"code":59084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59086,59087,59129,59151,59155],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59125,59127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59090,67],{"class":66},[60,59092,71],{"class":70},[60,59094,75],{"class":74},[60,59096,79],{"class":78},[60,59098,38035],{"class":82},[60,59100,79],{"class":78},[60,59102,88],{"class":74},[60,59104,91],{"class":78},[60,59106,59107],{"class":82},"dog",[60,59109,79],{"class":78},[60,59111,88],{"class":74},[60,59113,91],{"class":78},[60,59115,38035],{"class":82},[60,59117,79],{"class":78},[60,59119,88],{"class":74},[60,59121,91],{"class":78},[60,59123,59124],{"class":82},"bird",[60,59126,79],{"class":78},[60,59128,108],{"class":74},[60,59130,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143,59145,59147,59149],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59132,114],{"class":66},[60,59134,71],{"class":70},[60,59136,2058],{"class":66},[60,59138,123],{"class":74},[60,59140,42246],{"class":126},[60,59142,130],{"class":74},[60,59144,79],{"class":78},[60,59146,38035],{"class":82},[60,59148,79],{"class":78},[60,59150,136],{"class":74},[60,59152,59153],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59154,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,59156,59157,59159,59161,59163],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59158,143],{"class":142},[60,59160,130],{"class":74},[60,59162,148],{"class":126},[60,59164,136],{"class":74},[20,59166,153],{},[51,59168,59169],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59170,59171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59172,59173],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59174,18050],{"class":1402},[415,59176,59178],{"id":59177},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[51,59180,59182],{"className":53,"code":59181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59183,59184,59208,59226,59230],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59185,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59187,4629],{"class":66},[60,59189,71],{"class":70},[60,59191,75],{"class":74},[60,59193,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59195,88],{"class":74},[60,59197,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59199,88],{"class":74},[60,59201,1442],{"class":1402},[60,59203,88],{"class":74},[60,59205,3471],{"class":1402},[60,59207,108],{"class":74},[60,59209,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59211,114],{"class":66},[60,59213,71],{"class":70},[60,59215,5264],{"class":66},[60,59217,123],{"class":74},[60,59219,42246],{"class":126},[60,59221,130],{"class":74},[60,59223,3154],{"class":1402},[60,59225,136],{"class":74},[60,59227,59228],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59229,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,59231,59232,59234,59236,59238],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59233,143],{"class":142},[60,59235,130],{"class":74},[60,59237,148],{"class":126},[60,59239,136],{"class":74},[20,59241,153],{},[51,59243,59244],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59245,59246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59247,59248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59249,48234],{"class":1402},[415,59251,59253],{"id":59252},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[51,59255,59257],{"className":53,"code":59256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,59258,59259,59305,59327,59331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59260,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59262,10163],{"class":66},[60,59264,71],{"class":70},[60,59266,57274],{"class":74},[60,59268,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59270,88],{"class":74},[60,59272,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59274,19055],{"class":74},[60,59276,75],{"class":74},[60,59278,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59280,88],{"class":74},[60,59282,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59284,19055],{"class":74},[60,59286,75],{"class":74},[60,59288,1925],{"class":1402},[60,59290,88],{"class":74},[60,59292,1442],{"class":1402},[60,59294,19055],{"class":74},[60,59296,75],{"class":74},[60,59298,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59300,88],{"class":74},[60,59302,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59304,54222],{"class":74},[60,59306,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59308,114],{"class":66},[60,59310,71],{"class":70},[60,59312,15559],{"class":66},[60,59314,123],{"class":74},[60,59316,42246],{"class":126},[60,59318,2652],{"class":74},[60,59320,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59322,88],{"class":74},[60,59324,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59326,2677],{"class":74},[60,59328,59329],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59330,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,59332,59333,59335,59337,59339],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59334,143],{"class":142},[60,59336,130],{"class":74},[60,59338,148],{"class":126},[60,59340,136],{"class":74},[20,59342,153],{},[51,59344,59345],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,59346,59347],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59348,59349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59350,47599],{"class":1402},[46,59352,5963,59354],{"id":59353},"when-to-use-count",[15,59355,58270],{},[20,59357,171,59358,59360],{},[15,59359,58270],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,59362,59363],{},"Good use cases:",[33,59365,59366,59369,59372],{},[36,59367,59368],{},"counting one specific item",[36,59370,59371],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[36,59373,59374],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,59376,236],{},[51,59378,59380],{"className":53,"code":59379,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,59381,59382,59423,59447,59451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59383,59384,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59385,59386],{"class":66},"votes ",[60,59388,71],{"class":70},[60,59390,75],{"class":74},[60,59392,79],{"class":78},[60,59394,9655],{"class":82},[60,59396,79],{"class":78},[60,59398,88],{"class":74},[60,59400,91],{"class":78},[60,59402,9594],{"class":82},[60,59404,79],{"class":78},[60,59406,88],{"class":74},[60,59408,91],{"class":78},[60,59410,9655],{"class":82},[60,59412,79],{"class":78},[60,59414,88],{"class":74},[60,59416,91],{"class":78},[60,59418,9655],{"class":82},[60,59420,79],{"class":78},[60,59422,108],{"class":74},[60,59424,59425,59428,59430,59433,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59426,59427],{"class":66},"yes_votes ",[60,59429,71],{"class":70},[60,59431,59432],{"class":66}," votes",[60,59434,123],{"class":74},[60,59436,42246],{"class":126},[60,59438,130],{"class":74},[60,59440,79],{"class":78},[60,59442,9655],{"class":82},[60,59444,79],{"class":78},[60,59446,136],{"class":74},[60,59448,59449],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59450,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,59452,59453,59455,59457,59460],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59454,143],{"class":142},[60,59456,130],{"class":74},[60,59458,59459],{"class":126},"yes_votes",[60,59461,136],{"class":74},[20,59463,59464,59466],{},[15,59465,58270],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,59468,59469,59470,2360,59472,123],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[551,59471,53751],{"href":51958},[551,59473,59475],{"href":59474},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[46,59477,3845],{"id":3844},[20,59479,9443,59480,123],{},[15,59481,58275],{},[415,59483,59485],{"id":59484},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,59487,59488,59490],{},[15,59489,58275],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[51,59492,59494],{"className":53,"code":59493,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,59495,59496,59529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59497,59498,59500,59502,59504,59506,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59499,67],{"class":66},[60,59501,71],{"class":70},[60,59503,75],{"class":74},[60,59505,79],{"class":78},[60,59507,59508],{"class":82},"apple pie",[60,59510,79],{"class":78},[60,59512,88],{"class":74},[60,59514,91],{"class":78},[60,59516,1619],{"class":82},[60,59518,79],{"class":78},[60,59520,88],{"class":74},[60,59522,91],{"class":78},[60,59524,59508],{"class":82},[60,59526,79],{"class":78},[60,59528,108],{"class":74},[60,59530,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59532,143],{"class":142},[60,59534,130],{"class":74},[60,59536,133],{"class":126},[60,59538,123],{"class":74},[60,59540,42246],{"class":126},[60,59542,130],{"class":74},[60,59544,79],{"class":78},[60,59546,1604],{"class":82},[60,59548,79],{"class":78},[60,59550,6362],{"class":74},[60,59552,52226],{"class":4674},[20,59554,3503,59555,2863],{},[15,59556,3137],{},[20,59558,30054,59559,59561,59562,123],{},[15,59560,58813],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,59563,59564],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,59566,59567,59568,123],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,59569,59570],{},"str.count()",[415,59572,9449,59574,9452,59576,3894,59578],{"id":59573},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,59575,58270],{},[15,59577,4616],{},[15,59579,4685],{},[20,59581,59582,59584],{},[15,59583,58270],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[51,59586,59588],{"className":53,"code":59587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,59589,59590,59614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59591,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59593,4629],{"class":66},[60,59595,71],{"class":70},[60,59597,75],{"class":74},[60,59599,1432],{"class":1402},[60,59601,88],{"class":74},[60,59603,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59605,88],{"class":74},[60,59607,1437],{"class":1402},[60,59609,88],{"class":74},[60,59611,1442],{"class":1402},[60,59613,108],{"class":74},[60,59615,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59617,143],{"class":142},[60,59619,130],{"class":74},[60,59621,4659],{"class":126},[60,59623,123],{"class":74},[60,59625,42246],{"class":126},[60,59627,130],{"class":74},[60,59629,1925],{"class":1402},[60,59631,6362],{"class":74},[60,59633,52394],{"class":4674},[20,59635,59636],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[51,59638,59640],{"className":53,"code":59639,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,59641,59642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59643,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59645,143],{"class":142},[60,59647,130],{"class":74},[60,59649,1925],{"class":1402},[60,59651,22168],{"class":2665},[60,59653,5264],{"class":126},[60,59655,2662],{"class":74},[60,59657,4675],{"class":4674},[415,59659,59661],{"id":59660},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[51,59663,59665],{"className":53,"code":59664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,59666,59667,59700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59668,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59696,59698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59670,454],{"class":66},[60,59672,71],{"class":70},[60,59674,75],{"class":74},[60,59676,79],{"class":78},[60,59678,1781],{"class":82},[60,59680,79],{"class":78},[60,59682,88],{"class":74},[60,59684,91],{"class":78},[60,59686,21212],{"class":82},[60,59688,79],{"class":78},[60,59690,88],{"class":74},[60,59692,91],{"class":78},[60,59694,59695],{"class":82},"SAM",[60,59697,79],{"class":78},[60,59699,108],{"class":74},[60,59701,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59703,143],{"class":142},[60,59705,130],{"class":74},[60,59707,507],{"class":126},[60,59709,123],{"class":74},[60,59711,42246],{"class":126},[60,59713,130],{"class":74},[60,59715,79],{"class":78},[60,59717,21212],{"class":82},[60,59719,79],{"class":78},[60,59721,6362],{"class":74},[60,59723,28773],{"class":4674},[20,59725,59726,59727,59730],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,59728,59729],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[415,59732,30643,59734,34542],{"id":59733},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,59735,58270],{},[20,59737,59738],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[51,59740,59742],{"className":53,"code":59741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,59743,59744,59754,59768,59786,59800,59812],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,59745,59746,59748,59750,59752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,59747,143],{"class":142},[60,59749,130],{"class":74},[60,59751,9334],{"class":126},[60,59753,136],{"class":74},[60,59755,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764,59766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,59757,143],{"class":142},[60,59759,130],{"class":74},[60,59761,2629],{"class":1527},[60,59763,130],{"class":74},[60,59765,9334],{"class":126},[60,59767,1042],{"class":74},[60,59769,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,59771,143],{"class":142},[60,59773,130],{"class":74},[60,59775,9334],{"class":126},[60,59777,123],{"class":74},[60,59779,42246],{"class":126},[60,59781,130],{"class":74},[60,59783,3487],{"class":126},[60,59785,1042],{"class":74},[60,59787,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,59789,143],{"class":142},[60,59791,130],{"class":74},[60,59793,3462],{"class":126},[60,59795,2672],{"class":2665},[60,59797,9391],{"class":126},[60,59799,136],{"class":74},[60,59801,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,59803,6960],{"class":2665},[60,59805,2669],{"class":66},[60,59807,2672],{"class":2665},[60,59809,9391],{"class":66},[60,59811,7392],{"class":74},[60,59813,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,59815,9064],{"class":142},[60,59817,130],{"class":74},[60,59819,42766],{"class":142},[60,59821,130],{"class":74},[60,59823,2659],{"class":126},[60,59825,1042],{"class":74},[20,59827,59828],{},"These checks can help you see:",[33,59830,59831,59834,59837],{},[36,59832,59833],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[36,59835,59836],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[36,59838,59839],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59841,59842],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[33,59844,59845,59850,59853,59860],{},[36,59846,51471,59847,59849],{},[15,59848,58270],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[36,59851,59852],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[36,59854,12102,59855,59857,59858],{},[15,59856,58275],{}," with string ",[15,59859,58270],{},[36,59861,59862],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[46,59864,2804],{"id":2803},[415,59866,2808,59868,59870],{"id":59867},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59869,58275],{}," change the list?",[20,59872,59873],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[415,59875,59877],{"id":59876},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59879,12906,59880,123],{},[15,59881,3137],{},[415,59883,6170,59885,59887],{"id":59884},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59886,58275],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59889,59890],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[415,59892,15896,59894,59896],{"id":59893},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59895,58275],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59898,2839,59899,2360,59901,59903],{},[15,59900,58816],{},[15,59902,58813],{}," are different values.",[415,59905,6158,59907,59909,59910,2863],{"id":59906},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59908,4616],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59911,1432],{},[20,59913,9783,59914,59916,59917,2360,59919,59916,59921,123],{},[15,59915,4616],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59918,1432],{},[15,59920,4685],{},[15,59922,3137],{},[46,59924,2870],{"id":2869},[33,59926,59927,59931,59937,59941,59949,59956],{},[36,59928,59929],{},[551,59930,53751],{"href":51958},[36,59932,59933],{},[551,59934,59936],{"href":59935},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[36,59938,59939],{},[551,59940,7934],{"href":7196},[36,59942,59943],{},[551,59944,56500,59946,2887],{"href":59945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59947,59948],{},"index()",[36,59950,59951],{},[551,59952,163,59954],{"href":59953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59955,43346],{},[36,59957,59958],{},[551,59959,59960],{"href":59474},"What is a list in Python",[2912,59962,59963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":59965},[59966,59967,59969,59970,59971,59977,59983,59985,59993,60004],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":58367,"depth":111,"text":59968},"What list.count() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":39007,"depth":111,"text":39008},{"id":58689,"depth":111,"text":58690,"children":59972},[59973,59974,59976],{"id":58721,"depth":139,"text":58722},{"id":58820,"depth":139,"text":59975},"1 and True can match",{"id":58919,"depth":139,"text":58920},{"id":58997,"depth":111,"text":58998,"children":59978},[59979,59980,59981,59982],{"id":59001,"depth":139,"text":59002},{"id":59080,"depth":139,"text":59081},{"id":59177,"depth":139,"text":59178},{"id":59252,"depth":139,"text":59253},{"id":59353,"depth":111,"text":59984},"When to use count()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":59986},[59987,59988,59990,59991],{"id":59484,"depth":139,"text":59485},{"id":59573,"depth":139,"text":59989},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59660,"depth":139,"text":59661},{"id":59733,"depth":139,"text":59992},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":59994},[59995,59997,59998,60000,60002],{"id":59867,"depth":139,"text":59996},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59876,"depth":139,"text":59877},{"id":59884,"depth":139,"text":59999},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59893,"depth":139,"text":60001},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59906,"depth":139,"text":60003},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":58262,"description":60005},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":60012,"title":60013,"body":60014,"description":61973,"extension":2980,"meta":61974,"navigation":304,"path":61975,"seo":61976,"stem":61977,"__hash__":61978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":60015,"toc":61936},[60016,60019,60022,60024,60152,60156,60237,60248,60250,60269,60273,60276,60279,60297,60299,60342,60346,60371,60380,60384,60389,60392,60509,60513,60582,60586,60598,60602,60605,60646,60650,60663,60666,60751,60755,60788,60795,60801,60806,60808,60820,60824,60857,60861,60893,60897,60934,60938,60958,60962,60996,61000,61029,61040,61044,61047,61050,61063,61120,61124,61163,61169,61172,61174,61177,61181,61184,61209,61211,61236,61243,61246,61291,61295,61314,61317,61356,61363,61368,61402,61406,61505,61511,61544,61548,61573,61577,61580,61618,61621,61658,61662,61665,61684,61688,61749,61751,61769,61773,61776,61779,61808,61810,61814,61817,61825,61829,61832,61852,61858,61864,61868,61871,61878,61886,61888,61927,61933],[10,60017,60013],{"id":60018},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,60020,60021],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[46,60023,49],{"id":48},[51,60025,60027],{"className":53,"code":60026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60028,60029,60049,60081,60089,60107,60111,60121,60131,60142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60030,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60032,4629],{"class":66},[60,60034,71],{"class":70},[60,60036,75],{"class":74},[60,60038,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60040,88],{"class":74},[60,60042,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60044,88],{"class":74},[60,60046,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60048,108],{"class":74},[60,60050,60051,60053,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60052,454],{"class":66},[60,60054,71],{"class":70},[60,60056,75],{"class":74},[60,60058,79],{"class":78},[60,60060,463],{"class":82},[60,60062,79],{"class":78},[60,60064,88],{"class":74},[60,60066,91],{"class":78},[60,60068,472],{"class":82},[60,60070,79],{"class":78},[60,60072,88],{"class":74},[60,60074,91],{"class":78},[60,60076,481],{"class":82},[60,60078,79],{"class":78},[60,60080,108],{"class":74},[60,60082,60083,60085,60087],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60084,56911],{"class":66},[60,60086,71],{"class":70},[60,60088,8834],{"class":74},[60,60090,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,60092,767],{"class":66},[60,60094,71],{"class":70},[60,60096,23553],{"class":1527},[60,60098,130],{"class":74},[60,60100,79],{"class":78},[60,60102,42547],{"class":82},[60,60104,79],{"class":78},[60,60106,136],{"class":74},[60,60108,60109],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,60110,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60112,60113,60115,60117,60119],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,60114,143],{"class":142},[60,60116,130],{"class":74},[60,60118,4659],{"class":126},[60,60120,136],{"class":74},[60,60122,60123,60125,60127,60129],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,60124,143],{"class":142},[60,60126,130],{"class":74},[60,60128,507],{"class":126},[60,60130,136],{"class":74},[60,60132,60133,60135,60137,60140],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,60134,143],{"class":142},[60,60136,130],{"class":74},[60,60138,60139],{"class":126},"empty_list",[60,60141,136],{"class":74},[60,60143,60144,60146,60148,60150],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,60145,143],{"class":142},[60,60147,130],{"class":74},[60,60149,843],{"class":126},[60,60151,136],{"class":74},[20,60153,60154],{},[4753,60155,153],{},[51,60157,60159],{"className":53,"code":60158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60160,60161,60177,60205,60209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171,60173,60175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60164,353],{"class":74},[60,60166,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60168,88],{"class":74},[60,60170,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60172,88],{"class":74},[60,60174,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60176,108],{"class":74},[60,60178,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60180,353],{"class":74},[60,60182,356],{"class":78},[60,60184,463],{"class":82},[60,60186,356],{"class":78},[60,60188,88],{"class":74},[60,60190,365],{"class":78},[60,60192,472],{"class":82},[60,60194,356],{"class":78},[60,60196,88],{"class":74},[60,60198,365],{"class":78},[60,60200,481],{"class":82},[60,60202,356],{"class":78},[60,60204,108],{"class":74},[60,60206,60207],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60208,39285],{"class":74},[60,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,60212,353],{"class":74},[60,60214,356],{"class":78},[60,60216,551],{"class":82},[60,60218,356],{"class":78},[60,60220,88],{"class":74},[60,60222,365],{"class":78},[60,60224,2258],{"class":82},[60,60226,356],{"class":78},[60,60228,88],{"class":74},[60,60230,365],{"class":78},[60,60232,1895],{"class":82},[60,60234,356],{"class":78},[60,60236,108],{"class":74},[20,60238,60239,60240,60242,60243,60245,60246,123],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,60241,4797],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,60244,25774],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60247,37186],{},[46,60249,16156],{"id":16155},[33,60251,60252,60255,60258,60261,60266],{},[36,60253,60254],{},"What a list is in Python",[36,60256,60257],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[36,60259,60260],{},"How to create an empty list",[36,60262,60263,60264,3318],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,60265,25774],{},[36,60267,60268],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[46,60270,60272],{"id":60271},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,60274,60275],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,60277,60278],{},"This means:",[33,60280,60281,60284,60287,60290],{},[36,60282,60283],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[36,60285,60286],{},"The order of items is kept",[36,60288,60289],{},"A list can hold different data types",[36,60291,60292,60293,60296],{},"A list is ",[4753,60294,60295],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,60298,236],{},[51,60300,60302],{"className":53,"code":60301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,60303,60304,60328,60332],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60305,60306,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60307,664],{"class":66},[60,60309,71],{"class":70},[60,60311,75],{"class":74},[60,60313,79],{"class":78},[60,60315,1604],{"class":82},[60,60317,79],{"class":78},[60,60319,88],{"class":74},[60,60321,7005],{"class":1402},[60,60323,88],{"class":74},[60,60325,4919],{"class":1611},[60,60327,108],{"class":74},[60,60329,60330],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60331,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60333,60334,60336,60338,60340],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60335,143],{"class":142},[60,60337,130],{"class":74},[60,60339,716],{"class":126},[60,60341,136],{"class":74},[20,60343,60344],{},[4753,60345,153],{},[51,60347,60349],{"className":53,"code":60348,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,60350,60351],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60352,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60354,353],{"class":74},[60,60356,356],{"class":78},[60,60358,1604],{"class":82},[60,60360,356],{"class":78},[60,60362,88],{"class":74},[60,60364,7005],{"class":1402},[60,60366,88],{"class":74},[60,60368,4919],{"class":1611},[60,60370,108],{"class":74},[20,60372,60373,60374,3894,60377,123],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[551,60375,60376],{"href":51958},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[551,60378,60379],{"href":59474},"What is a List in Python?",[46,60381,60383],{"id":60382},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,60385,60239,60386,60388],{},[15,60387,4797],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,60390,60391],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[51,60393,60395],{"className":53,"code":60394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,60396,60397,60417,60449,60474,60478,60488,60498],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60398,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60400,4629],{"class":66},[60,60402,71],{"class":70},[60,60404,75],{"class":74},[60,60406,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60408,88],{"class":74},[60,60410,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60412,88],{"class":74},[60,60414,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60416,108],{"class":74},[60,60418,60419,60421,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60420,454],{"class":66},[60,60422,71],{"class":70},[60,60424,75],{"class":74},[60,60426,79],{"class":78},[60,60428,463],{"class":82},[60,60430,79],{"class":78},[60,60432,88],{"class":74},[60,60434,91],{"class":78},[60,60436,472],{"class":82},[60,60438,79],{"class":78},[60,60440,88],{"class":74},[60,60442,91],{"class":78},[60,60444,481],{"class":82},[60,60446,79],{"class":78},[60,60448,108],{"class":74},[60,60450,60451,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60452,60453],{"class":66},"mixed ",[60,60455,71],{"class":70},[60,60457,75],{"class":74},[60,60459,1345],{"class":1402},[60,60461,88],{"class":74},[60,60463,91],{"class":78},[60,60465,1008],{"class":82},[60,60467,79],{"class":78},[60,60469,88],{"class":74},[60,60471,4910],{"class":1611},[60,60473,108],{"class":74},[60,60475,60476],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,60477,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60479,60480,60482,60484,60486],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,60481,143],{"class":142},[60,60483,130],{"class":74},[60,60485,4659],{"class":126},[60,60487,136],{"class":74},[60,60489,60490,60492,60494,60496],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,60491,143],{"class":142},[60,60493,130],{"class":74},[60,60495,507],{"class":126},[60,60497,136],{"class":74},[60,60499,60500,60502,60504,60507],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,60501,143],{"class":142},[60,60503,130],{"class":74},[60,60505,60506],{"class":126},"mixed",[60,60508,136],{"class":74},[20,60510,60511],{},[4753,60512,153],{},[51,60514,60516],{"className":53,"code":60515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,60517,60518,60534,60562],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60519,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60521,353],{"class":74},[60,60523,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60525,88],{"class":74},[60,60527,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60529,88],{"class":74},[60,60531,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60533,108],{"class":74},[60,60535,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60537,353],{"class":74},[60,60539,356],{"class":78},[60,60541,463],{"class":82},[60,60543,356],{"class":78},[60,60545,88],{"class":74},[60,60547,365],{"class":78},[60,60549,472],{"class":82},[60,60551,356],{"class":78},[60,60553,88],{"class":74},[60,60555,365],{"class":78},[60,60557,481],{"class":82},[60,60559,356],{"class":78},[60,60561,108],{"class":74},[60,60563,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574,60576,60578,60580],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60565,353],{"class":74},[60,60567,1345],{"class":1402},[60,60569,88],{"class":74},[60,60571,365],{"class":78},[60,60573,1008],{"class":82},[60,60575,356],{"class":78},[60,60577,88],{"class":74},[60,60579,4910],{"class":1611},[60,60581,108],{"class":74},[415,60583,60585],{"id":60584},"key-points","Key points",[33,60587,60588,60593,60595],{},[36,60589,171,60590,60592],{},[15,60591,4797],{}," to make a new list",[36,60594,16426],{},[36,60596,60597],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[46,60599,60601],{"id":60600},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,60603,60604],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[51,60606,60608],{"className":53,"code":60607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,60609,60610,60618,60622,60632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60611,60612,60614,60616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60613,9303],{"class":66},[60,60615,71],{"class":70},[60,60617,8834],{"class":74},[60,60619,60620],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60621,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60623,60624,60626,60628,60630],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60625,143],{"class":142},[60,60627,130],{"class":74},[60,60629,9334],{"class":126},[60,60631,136],{"class":74},[60,60633,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,60635,143],{"class":142},[60,60637,130],{"class":74},[60,60639,12157],{"class":142},[60,60641,130],{"class":74},[60,60643,9334],{"class":126},[60,60645,1042],{"class":74},[20,60647,60648],{},[4753,60649,153],{},[51,60651,60653],{"className":53,"code":60652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[]\n0\n",[15,60654,60655,60659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60656,60657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60658,39285],{"class":74},[60,60660,60661],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60662,48234],{"class":1402},[20,60664,60665],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[51,60667,60669],{"className":53,"code":60668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,60670,60671,60679,60683,60701,60719,60737,60741],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60672,60673,60675,60677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60674,454],{"class":66},[60,60676,71],{"class":70},[60,60678,8834],{"class":74},[60,60680,60681],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60682,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60684,60685,60687,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,60686,507],{"class":66},[60,60688,123],{"class":74},[60,60690,14545],{"class":126},[60,60692,130],{"class":74},[60,60694,79],{"class":78},[60,60696,463],{"class":82},[60,60698,79],{"class":78},[60,60700,136],{"class":74},[60,60702,60703,60705,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,60704,507],{"class":66},[60,60706,123],{"class":74},[60,60708,14545],{"class":126},[60,60710,130],{"class":74},[60,60712,79],{"class":78},[60,60714,472],{"class":82},[60,60716,79],{"class":78},[60,60718,136],{"class":74},[60,60720,60721,60723,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,60722,507],{"class":66},[60,60724,123],{"class":74},[60,60726,14545],{"class":126},[60,60728,130],{"class":74},[60,60730,79],{"class":78},[60,60732,481],{"class":82},[60,60734,79],{"class":78},[60,60736,136],{"class":74},[60,60738,60739],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,60740,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,60742,60743,60745,60747,60749],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,60744,143],{"class":142},[60,60746,130],{"class":74},[60,60748,507],{"class":126},[60,60750,136],{"class":74},[20,60752,60753],{},[4753,60754,153],{},[51,60756,60758],{"className":53,"code":60757,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,60759,60760],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60763,353],{"class":74},[60,60765,356],{"class":78},[60,60767,463],{"class":82},[60,60769,356],{"class":78},[60,60771,88],{"class":74},[60,60773,365],{"class":78},[60,60775,472],{"class":82},[60,60777,356],{"class":78},[60,60779,88],{"class":74},[60,60781,365],{"class":78},[60,60783,481],{"class":82},[60,60785,356],{"class":78},[60,60787,108],{"class":74},[20,60789,60790,60791,123],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[551,60792,60793,2887],{"href":57749},[15,60794,53632],{},[46,60796,60798,60799],{"id":60797},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60800,25774],{},[20,60802,171,60803,60805],{},[15,60804,25774],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60807,6458],{},[33,60809,60810,60812,60814,60816],{},[36,60811,6310],{},[36,60813,6304],{},[36,60815,6307],{},[36,60817,60818],{},[15,60819,37186],{},[415,60821,60823],{"id":60822},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[51,60825,60827],{"className":53,"code":60826,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60828,60829,60847],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60830,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839,60841,60843,60845],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60832,767],{"class":66},[60,60834,71],{"class":70},[60,60836,23553],{"class":1527},[60,60838,130],{"class":74},[60,60840,79],{"class":78},[60,60842,42547],{"class":82},[60,60844,79],{"class":78},[60,60846,136],{"class":74},[60,60848,60849,60851,60853,60855],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60850,143],{"class":142},[60,60852,130],{"class":74},[60,60854,843],{"class":126},[60,60856,136],{"class":74},[20,60858,60859],{},[4753,60860,153],{},[51,60862,60863],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60864,60865],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60866,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887,60889,60891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60868,353],{"class":74},[60,60870,356],{"class":78},[60,60872,551],{"class":82},[60,60874,356],{"class":78},[60,60876,88],{"class":74},[60,60878,365],{"class":78},[60,60880,2258],{"class":82},[60,60882,356],{"class":78},[60,60884,88],{"class":74},[60,60886,365],{"class":78},[60,60888,1895],{"class":82},[60,60890,356],{"class":78},[60,60892,108],{"class":74},[415,60894,60896],{"id":60895},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[51,60898,60900],{"className":53,"code":60899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60901,60902,60924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60903,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918,60920,60922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60905,4629],{"class":66},[60,60907,71],{"class":70},[60,60909,23553],{"class":1527},[60,60911,6512],{"class":74},[60,60913,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60915,88],{"class":74},[60,60917,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60919,88],{"class":74},[60,60921,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60923,1042],{"class":74},[60,60925,60926,60928,60930,60932],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60927,143],{"class":142},[60,60929,130],{"class":74},[60,60931,4659],{"class":126},[60,60933,136],{"class":74},[20,60935,60936],{},[4753,60937,153],{},[51,60939,60940],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,60941,60942],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60943,60944,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60945,353],{"class":74},[60,60947,1432],{"class":1402},[60,60949,88],{"class":74},[60,60951,1437],{"class":1402},[60,60953,88],{"class":74},[60,60955,1442],{"class":1402},[60,60957,108],{"class":74},[415,60959,60961],{"id":60960},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[51,60963,60965],{"className":53,"code":60964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60966,60967,60986],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,60968,60969,60971,60973,60975,60977,60980,60982,60984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,60970,1336],{"class":66},[60,60972,71],{"class":70},[60,60974,23553],{"class":1527},[60,60976,130],{"class":74},[60,60978,60979],{"class":142},"range",[60,60981,130],{"class":74},[60,60983,3154],{"class":1402},[60,60985,1042],{"class":74},[60,60987,60988,60990,60992,60994],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,60989,143],{"class":142},[60,60991,130],{"class":74},[60,60993,1388],{"class":126},[60,60995,136],{"class":74},[20,60997,60998],{},[4753,60999,153],{},[51,61001,61003],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61004,61005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61006,61007,61009,61011,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61008,353],{"class":74},[60,61010,3137],{"class":1402},[60,61012,88],{"class":74},[60,61014,6499],{"class":1402},[60,61016,88],{"class":74},[60,61018,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61020,88],{"class":74},[60,61022,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61024,88],{"class":74},[60,61026,3471],{"class":1402},[60,61028,108],{"class":74},[20,61030,61031,61033,61034,123],{},[15,61032,25774],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[551,61035,61037,61039],{"href":61036},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,61038,25774],{},": Function Explained",[46,61041,61043],{"id":61042},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,61045,61046],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,61048,61049],{},"Examples include:",[33,61051,61052,61054,61056,61058,61060],{},[36,61053,6310],{},[36,61055,41410],{},[36,61057,53025],{},[36,61059,41580],{},[36,61061,61062],{},"other lists",[51,61064,61066],{"className":53,"code":61065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,61067,61068,61106,61110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61069,61070,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61071,10163],{"class":66},[60,61073,71],{"class":70},[60,61075,75],{"class":74},[60,61077,79],{"class":78},[60,61079,463],{"class":82},[60,61081,79],{"class":78},[60,61083,88],{"class":74},[60,61085,10303],{"class":1402},[60,61087,88],{"class":74},[60,61089,4919],{"class":1611},[60,61091,88],{"class":74},[60,61093,75],{"class":74},[60,61095,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61097,88],{"class":74},[60,61099,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61101,88],{"class":74},[60,61103,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61105,54222],{"class":74},[60,61107,61108],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61109,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,61111,61112,61114,61116,61118],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,61113,143],{"class":142},[60,61115,130],{"class":74},[60,61117,10202],{"class":126},[60,61119,136],{"class":74},[20,61121,61122],{},[4753,61123,153],{},[51,61125,61127],{"className":53,"code":61126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,61128,61129],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61130,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153,61155,61157,61159,61161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61132,353],{"class":74},[60,61134,356],{"class":78},[60,61136,463],{"class":82},[60,61138,356],{"class":78},[60,61140,88],{"class":74},[60,61142,10303],{"class":1402},[60,61144,88],{"class":74},[60,61146,4919],{"class":1611},[60,61148,88],{"class":74},[60,61150,75],{"class":74},[60,61152,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61154,88],{"class":74},[60,61156,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61158,88],{"class":74},[60,61160,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61162,54222],{"class":74},[20,61164,61165,61166,123],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[4753,61167,61168],{},"nested list",[20,61170,61171],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[46,61173,5520],{"id":5519},[20,61175,61176],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[415,61178,61180],{"id":61179},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,61182,61183],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[51,61185,61187],{"className":53,"code":61186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,61188,61189,61193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61190,61191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61192,5536],{"class":4674},[60,61194,61195,61197,61199,61201,61203,61205,61207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61196,4629],{"class":66},[60,61198,71],{"class":70},[60,61200,75],{"class":74},[60,61202,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61204,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61206,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61208,108],{"class":74},[20,61210,2078],{},[51,61212,61214],{"className":53,"code":61213,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61215,61216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61217,61218,61220,61222,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61219,4629],{"class":66},[60,61221,71],{"class":70},[60,61223,75],{"class":74},[60,61225,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61227,88],{"class":74},[60,61229,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61231,88],{"class":74},[60,61233,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61235,108],{"class":74},[415,61237,9413,61239,2600,61241],{"id":61238},"using-instead-of",[15,61240,8363],{},[15,61242,4797],{},[20,61244,61245],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[51,61247,61249],{"className":53,"code":61248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,61250,61251,61272,61276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61252,61253,61256,61258,61260,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61254,61255],{"class":66},"my_values ",[60,61257,71],{"class":70},[60,61259,1776],{"class":74},[60,61261,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61263,88],{"class":74},[60,61265,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61267,88],{"class":74},[60,61269,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61271,136],{"class":74},[60,61273,61274],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61275,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61289],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,61279,143],{"class":142},[60,61281,130],{"class":74},[60,61283,2629],{"class":1527},[60,61285,130],{"class":74},[60,61287,61288],{"class":126},"my_values",[60,61290,1042],{"class":74},[20,61292,61293],{},[4753,61294,153],{},[51,61296,61298],{"className":53,"code":61297,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,61299,61300],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61303,4304],{"class":70},[60,61305,4307],{"class":3082},[60,61307,365],{"class":78},[60,61309,49934],{"class":82},[60,61311,356],{"class":78},[60,61313,4316],{"class":70},[20,61315,61316],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[51,61318,61320],{"className":53,"code":61319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,61321,61322,61342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334,61336,61338,61340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61325,61255],{"class":66},[60,61327,71],{"class":70},[60,61329,75],{"class":74},[60,61331,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61333,88],{"class":74},[60,61335,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61337,88],{"class":74},[60,61339,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61341,108],{"class":74},[60,61343,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61345,143],{"class":142},[60,61347,130],{"class":74},[60,61349,2629],{"class":1527},[60,61351,130],{"class":74},[60,61353,61288],{"class":126},[60,61355,1042],{"class":74},[415,61357,9449,61359,61362],{"id":61358},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,61360,61361],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,61364,61365,61367],{},[15,61366,25774],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[51,61369,61371],{"className":53,"code":61370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,61372,61373,61392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61374,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383,61385,61388,61390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61376,114],{"class":66},[60,61378,71],{"class":70},[60,61380,23553],{"class":1527},[60,61382,130],{"class":74},[60,61384,79],{"class":78},[60,61386,61387],{"class":82},"hello world",[60,61389,79],{"class":78},[60,61391,136],{"class":74},[60,61393,61394,61396,61398,61400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61395,143],{"class":142},[60,61397,130],{"class":74},[60,61399,148],{"class":126},[60,61401,136],{"class":74},[20,61403,61404],{},[4753,61405,153],{},[51,61407,61409],{"className":53,"code":61408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61410,61411],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61412,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61428,61430,61432,61434,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61468,61470,61472,61474,61476,61478,61480,61482,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61414,353],{"class":74},[60,61416,356],{"class":78},[60,61418,803],{"class":82},[60,61420,356],{"class":78},[60,61422,88],{"class":74},[60,61424,365],{"class":78},[60,61426,61427],{"class":82},"e",[60,61429,356],{"class":78},[60,61431,88],{"class":74},[60,61433,365],{"class":78},[60,61435,61436],{"class":82},"l",[60,61438,356],{"class":78},[60,61440,88],{"class":74},[60,61442,365],{"class":78},[60,61444,61436],{"class":82},[60,61446,356],{"class":78},[60,61448,88],{"class":74},[60,61450,365],{"class":78},[60,61452,812],{"class":82},[60,61454,356],{"class":78},[60,61456,88],{"class":74},[60,61458,365],{"class":78},[60,61460,365],{"class":78},[60,61462,88],{"class":74},[60,61464,365],{"class":78},[60,61466,61467],{"class":82},"w",[60,61469,356],{"class":78},[60,61471,88],{"class":74},[60,61473,365],{"class":78},[60,61475,812],{"class":82},[60,61477,356],{"class":78},[60,61479,88],{"class":74},[60,61481,365],{"class":78},[60,61483,61484],{"class":82},"r",[60,61486,356],{"class":78},[60,61488,88],{"class":74},[60,61490,365],{"class":78},[60,61492,61436],{"class":82},[60,61494,356],{"class":78},[60,61496,88],{"class":74},[60,61498,365],{"class":78},[60,61500,19761],{"class":82},[60,61502,356],{"class":78},[60,61504,108],{"class":74},[20,61506,61507,61508,61510],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,61509,2886],{}," instead:",[51,61512,61514],{"className":53,"code":61513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,61515,61516,61534],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61517,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526,61528,61530,61532],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61519,67],{"class":66},[60,61521,71],{"class":70},[60,61523,91],{"class":78},[60,61525,61387],{"class":82},[60,61527,79],{"class":78},[60,61529,123],{"class":74},[60,61531,35462],{"class":126},[60,61533,9640],{"class":74},[60,61535,61536,61538,61540,61542],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61537,143],{"class":142},[60,61539,130],{"class":74},[60,61541,133],{"class":126},[60,61543,136],{"class":74},[20,61545,61546],{},[4753,61547,153],{},[51,61549,61551],{"className":53,"code":61550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61552,61553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61554,61555,61557,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61556,353],{"class":74},[60,61558,356],{"class":78},[60,61560,1008],{"class":82},[60,61562,356],{"class":78},[60,61564,88],{"class":74},[60,61566,365],{"class":78},[60,61568,1017],{"class":82},[60,61570,356],{"class":78},[60,61572,108],{"class":74},[415,61574,61576],{"id":61575},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,61578,61579],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[51,61581,61583],{"className":53,"code":61582,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61584,61585,61589],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61586,61587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61588,5536],{"class":4674},[60,61590,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61592,454],{"class":66},[60,61594,71],{"class":70},[60,61596,75],{"class":74},[60,61598,79],{"class":78},[60,61600,463],{"class":82},[60,61602,79],{"class":78},[60,61604,88],{"class":74},[60,61606,91],{"class":78},[60,61608,61609],{"class":82},"Ben', ",[60,61611,79],{"class":78},[60,61613,481],{"class":66},[60,61615,79],{"class":78},[60,61617,108],{"class":82},[20,61619,61620],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[51,61622,61624],{"className":53,"code":61623,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,61625,61626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61627,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636,61638,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654,61656],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61629,454],{"class":66},[60,61631,71],{"class":70},[60,61633,75],{"class":74},[60,61635,79],{"class":78},[60,61637,463],{"class":82},[60,61639,79],{"class":78},[60,61641,88],{"class":74},[60,61643,91],{"class":78},[60,61645,472],{"class":82},[60,61647,79],{"class":78},[60,61649,88],{"class":74},[60,61651,91],{"class":78},[60,61653,481],{"class":82},[60,61655,79],{"class":78},[60,61657,108],{"class":74},[415,61659,61661],{"id":61660},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,61663,61664],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[33,61666,61667,61670,61673,61678],{},[36,61668,61669],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[36,61671,61672],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[36,61674,61675,61676],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,61677,25774],{},[36,61679,9449,61680,61683],{},[15,61681,61682],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[415,61685,61687],{"id":61686},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[51,61689,61691],{"className":53,"code":61690,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,61692,61693,61703,61717,61731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61694,61695,61697,61699,61701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61696,143],{"class":142},[60,61698,130],{"class":74},[60,61700,9334],{"class":126},[60,61702,136],{"class":74},[60,61704,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,61706,143],{"class":142},[60,61708,130],{"class":74},[60,61710,2629],{"class":1527},[60,61712,130],{"class":74},[60,61714,9334],{"class":126},[60,61716,1042],{"class":74},[60,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,61720,143],{"class":142},[60,61722,130],{"class":74},[60,61724,12157],{"class":142},[60,61726,130],{"class":74},[60,61728,9334],{"class":126},[60,61730,1042],{"class":74},[60,61732,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,61734,143],{"class":142},[60,61736,130],{"class":74},[60,61738,9089],{"class":1527},[60,61740,130],{"class":74},[60,61742,60979],{"class":142},[60,61744,130],{"class":74},[60,61746,3154],{"class":1402},[60,61748,1992],{"class":74},[20,61750,27001],{},[33,61752,61753,61756,61759,61762],{},[36,61754,61755],{},"what the list contains",[36,61757,61758],{},"whether the value is really a list",[36,61760,61761],{},"how many items it has",[36,61763,27012,61764,61766,61767],{},[15,61765,25774],{}," does with ",[15,61768,37186],{},[46,61770,61772],{"id":61771},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61774,61775],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61777,61778],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[33,61780,61781,61796,61801],{},[36,61782,171,61783,287,61787,18066,61791,61795],{},[551,61784,61785],{"href":57749},[15,61786,53632],{},[551,61788,61789],{"href":54324},[15,61790,54426],{},[551,61792,61793],{"href":54888},[15,61794,55248],{}," to add items later",[36,61797,171,61798,61800],{},[551,61799,60376],{"href":51958}," for a broader introduction",[36,61802,171,61803,61807],{},[551,61804,61805,61039],{"href":61036},[15,61806,25774],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[46,61809,2804],{"id":2803},[415,61811,61813],{"id":61812},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61815,61816],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[51,61818,61819],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61820,61821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61822,61823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61824,39285],{"class":74},[415,61826,61828],{"id":61827},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61830,61831],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[51,61833,61834],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,61835,61836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,61837,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,61839,353],{"class":74},[60,61841,1432],{"class":1402},[60,61843,88],{"class":74},[60,61845,1437],{"class":1402},[60,61847,88],{"class":74},[60,61849,1442],{"class":1402},[60,61851,108],{"class":74},[415,61853,2846,61855,61857],{"id":61854},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61856,25774],{}," do in Python?",[20,61859,61860,61861,61863],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61862,37186],{},", into a list.",[415,61865,61867],{"id":61866},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61869,61870],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[415,61872,6180,61874,2360,61876,2863],{"id":61873},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61875,4797],{},[15,61877,8363],{},[20,61879,61880,61882,61883,61885],{},[15,61881,4797],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61884,8363],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[46,61887,2870],{"id":2869},[33,61889,61890,61894,61900,61906,61912,61918,61922],{},[36,61891,61892],{},[551,61893,60376],{"href":51958},[36,61895,61896],{},[551,61897,56500,61898,18],{"href":57749},[15,61899,53632],{},[36,61901,61902],{},[551,61903,56500,61904,18],{"href":54324},[15,61905,54426],{},[36,61907,61908],{},[551,61909,56500,61910,18],{"href":54888},[15,61911,55248],{},[36,61913,61914],{},[551,61915,163,61916,4591],{"href":61036},[15,61917,25774],{},[36,61919,61920],{},[551,61921,60379],{"href":59474},[36,61923,61924],{},[551,61925,61926],{"href":13060},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61928,61929,61930,61932],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61931,53632],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2912,61934,61935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":61937},[61938,61939,61940,61941,61944,61945,61951,61952,61962,61963,61972],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":60271,"depth":111,"text":60272},{"id":60382,"depth":111,"text":60383,"children":61942},[61943],{"id":60584,"depth":139,"text":60585},{"id":60600,"depth":111,"text":60601},{"id":60797,"depth":111,"text":61946,"children":61947},"Create a list with list()",[61948,61949,61950],{"id":60822,"depth":139,"text":60823},{"id":60895,"depth":139,"text":60896},{"id":60960,"depth":139,"text":60961},{"id":61042,"depth":111,"text":61043},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":61953},[61954,61955,61957,61959,61960,61961],{"id":61179,"depth":139,"text":61180},{"id":61238,"depth":139,"text":61956},"Using () instead of []",{"id":61358,"depth":139,"text":61958},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":61575,"depth":139,"text":61576},{"id":61660,"depth":139,"text":61661},{"id":61686,"depth":139,"text":61687},{"id":61771,"depth":111,"text":61772},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":61964},[61965,61966,61967,61969,61970],{"id":61812,"depth":139,"text":61813},{"id":61827,"depth":139,"text":61828},{"id":61854,"depth":139,"text":61968},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61866,"depth":139,"text":61867},{"id":61873,"depth":139,"text":61971},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":60013,"description":61973},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61980,"title":61981,"body":61982,"description":63721,"extension":2980,"meta":63722,"navigation":304,"path":63723,"seo":63724,"stem":63725,"__hash__":63726},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61983,"toc":63676},[61984,61989,61994,61997,61999,62070,62075,62080,62084,62098,62103,62105,62125,62130,62133,62155,62159,62164,62256,62258,62280,62286,62292,62299,62306,62312,62369,62375,62433,62435,62447,62455,62461,62466,62470,62527,62530,62534,62593,62596,62600,62658,62670,62674,62727,62730,62734,62740,62746,62808,62811,62872,62875,62931,62936,62938,62942,62949,63010,63015,63024,63080,63087,63091,63149,63158,63216,63220,63255,63259,63269,63272,63327,63341,63344,63459,63464,63468,63479,63481,63560,63570,63572,63577,63582,63589,63597,63603,63606,63611,63614,63620,63626,63628,63664,63673],[10,61985,55322,61987,18],{"id":61986},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61988,54426],{},[20,61990,61991,61993],{},[15,61992,54327],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61995,61996],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[46,61998,3022],{"id":3021},[51,62000,62002],{"className":53,"code":62001,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62003,62004,62020,62037,62041,62056,62066],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62007,4629],{"class":66},[60,62009,71],{"class":70},[60,62011,75],{"class":74},[60,62013,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62015,88],{"class":74},[60,62017,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62019,108],{"class":74},[60,62021,62022,62025,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62023,62024],{"class":66},"more_numbers ",[60,62026,71],{"class":70},[60,62028,75],{"class":74},[60,62030,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62032,88],{"class":74},[60,62034,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62036,108],{"class":74},[60,62038,62039],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62040,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62042,62043,62045,62047,62049,62051,62054],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62044,4659],{"class":66},[60,62046,123],{"class":74},[60,62048,54456],{"class":126},[60,62050,130],{"class":74},[60,62052,62053],{"class":126},"more_numbers",[60,62055,136],{"class":74},[60,62057,62058,62060,62062,62064],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62059,143],{"class":142},[60,62061,130],{"class":74},[60,62063,4659],{"class":126},[60,62065,136],{"class":74},[60,62067,62068],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,62069,53703],{"class":4674},[20,62071,171,62072,62074],{},[15,62073,54426],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[46,62076,178,62078,181],{"id":62077},"what-listextend-does",[15,62079,54327],{},[20,62081,62082,3901],{},[15,62083,54426],{},[33,62085,62086,62089,62091,62094],{},[36,62087,62088],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[36,62090,55408],{},[36,62092,62093],{},"Does not create a new list",[36,62095,12419,62096],{},[15,62097,1585],{},[20,62099,62100,62101,54781],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,62102,54426],{},[46,62104,389],{"id":388},[51,62106,62108],{"className":53,"code":62107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,62109,62110],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62111,62112,62115,62117,62119,62121,62123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62113,62114],{"class":66},"list_name",[60,62116,123],{"class":74},[60,62118,54456],{"class":126},[60,62120,130],{"class":74},[60,62122,411],{"class":126},[60,62124,136],{"class":74},[20,62126,6453,62127,62129],{},[4753,62128,411],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,62131,62132],{},"Common iterables include:",[33,62134,62135,62139,62143,62147,62151],{},[36,62136,62137],{},[15,62138,9089],{},[36,62140,62141],{},[15,62142,49934],{},[36,62144,62145],{},[15,62146,7285],{},[36,62148,62149],{},[15,62150,1179],{},[36,62152,62153],{},[15,62154,60979],{},[46,62156,62158],{"id":62157},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,62160,62161,62162,3901],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,62163,54426],{},[51,62165,62167],{"className":53,"code":62166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,62168,62169,62193,62218,62222,62237,62241,62251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62170,62171,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62172,37227],{"class":66},[60,62174,71],{"class":70},[60,62176,75],{"class":74},[60,62178,79],{"class":78},[60,62180,1604],{"class":82},[60,62182,79],{"class":78},[60,62184,88],{"class":74},[60,62186,91],{"class":78},[60,62188,1619],{"class":82},[60,62190,79],{"class":78},[60,62192,108],{"class":74},[60,62194,62195,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62196,62197],{"class":66},"more_fruits ",[60,62199,71],{"class":70},[60,62201,75],{"class":74},[60,62203,79],{"class":78},[60,62205,34214],{"class":82},[60,62207,79],{"class":78},[60,62209,88],{"class":74},[60,62211,91],{"class":78},[60,62213,23526],{"class":82},[60,62215,79],{"class":78},[60,62217,108],{"class":74},[60,62219,62220],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62221,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62235],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62225,37279],{"class":66},[60,62227,123],{"class":74},[60,62229,54456],{"class":126},[60,62231,130],{"class":74},[60,62233,62234],{"class":126},"more_fruits",[60,62236,136],{"class":74},[60,62238,62239],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62240,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62242,62243,62245,62247,62249],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,62244,143],{"class":142},[60,62246,130],{"class":74},[60,62248,37279],{"class":126},[60,62250,136],{"class":74},[60,62252,62253],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,62254,62255],{"class":4674},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,62257,12679],{},[33,62259,62260,62265,62270],{},[36,62261,62262,62264],{},[15,62263,37279],{}," starts with two items",[36,62266,62267,62269],{},[15,62268,62234],{}," has two more items",[36,62271,62272,62274,62275,62277,62278],{},[15,62273,54426],{}," adds each item from ",[15,62276,62234],{}," to ",[15,62279,37279],{},[20,62281,62282,62283,62285],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,62284,37279],{}," contains all four items.",[20,62287,55547,62288,2360,62290,123],{},[551,62289,53751],{"href":51958},[551,62291,58135],{"href":58134},[46,62293,62295,11583,62297],{"id":62294},"extend-vs-append",[15,62296,54426],{},[15,62298,53632],{},[20,62300,62301,2360,62303,62305],{},[15,62302,54426],{},[15,62304,53632],{}," are often confused.",[415,62307,62309,62311],{"id":62308},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,62310,54426],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[51,62313,62315],{"className":53,"code":62314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62316,62317,62333,62351,62355,62365],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62318,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62320,4629],{"class":66},[60,62322,71],{"class":70},[60,62324,75],{"class":74},[60,62326,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62328,88],{"class":74},[60,62330,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62332,108],{"class":74},[60,62334,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62336,4659],{"class":66},[60,62338,123],{"class":74},[60,62340,54456],{"class":126},[60,62342,2652],{"class":74},[60,62344,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62346,88],{"class":74},[60,62348,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62350,2677],{"class":74},[60,62352,62353],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62354,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62356,62357,62359,62361,62363],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62358,143],{"class":142},[60,62360,130],{"class":74},[60,62362,4659],{"class":126},[60,62364,136],{"class":74},[60,62366,62367],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62368,53703],{"class":4674},[415,62370,62372,62374],{"id":62371},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,62373,53632],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[51,62376,62378],{"className":53,"code":62377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,62379,62380,62396,62414,62418,62428],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62381,62382,62384,62386,62388,62390,62392,62394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62383,4629],{"class":66},[60,62385,71],{"class":70},[60,62387,75],{"class":74},[60,62389,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62391,88],{"class":74},[60,62393,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62395,108],{"class":74},[60,62397,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410,62412],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62399,4659],{"class":66},[60,62401,123],{"class":74},[60,62403,14545],{"class":126},[60,62405,2652],{"class":74},[60,62407,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62409,88],{"class":74},[60,62411,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62413,2677],{"class":74},[60,62415,62416],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62417,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62419,62420,62422,62424,62426],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62421,143],{"class":142},[60,62423,130],{"class":74},[60,62425,4659],{"class":126},[60,62427,136],{"class":74},[60,62429,62430],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62431,62432],{"class":4674},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,62434,19688],{},[33,62436,62437,62442],{},[36,62438,62439,62441],{},[15,62440,54426],{}," to combine values",[36,62443,62444,62446],{},[15,62445,53632],{}," to add one item",[20,62448,43080,62449,2360,62453,123],{},[551,62450,56500,62451,2887],{"href":57749},[15,62452,53632],{},[551,62454,54029],{"href":54028},[46,62456,9413,62458,62460],{"id":62457},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,62459,54426],{}," with different iterables",[20,62462,62463,62465],{},[15,62464,54426],{}," works with more than just lists.",[415,62467,62469],{"id":62468},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[51,62471,62473],{"className":53,"code":62472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,62474,62475,62491,62509,62513,62523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62476,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62478,1336],{"class":66},[60,62480,71],{"class":70},[60,62482,75],{"class":74},[60,62484,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62486,88],{"class":74},[60,62488,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62490,108],{"class":74},[60,62492,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62494,1388],{"class":66},[60,62496,123],{"class":74},[60,62498,54456],{"class":126},[60,62500,6512],{"class":74},[60,62502,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62504,88],{"class":74},[60,62506,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62508,1042],{"class":74},[60,62510,62511],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62512,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62514,62515,62517,62519,62521],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62516,143],{"class":142},[60,62518,130],{"class":74},[60,62520,1388],{"class":126},[60,62522,136],{"class":74},[60,62524,62525],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62526,53703],{"class":4674},[20,62528,62529],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[415,62531,62533],{"id":62532},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[51,62535,62537],{"className":53,"code":62536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62538,62539,62555,62574,62578,62588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62540,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62542,767],{"class":66},[60,62544,71],{"class":70},[60,62546,75],{"class":74},[60,62548,79],{"class":78},[60,62550,551],{"class":82},[60,62552,79],{"class":78},[60,62554,108],{"class":74},[60,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62570,62572],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62558,843],{"class":66},[60,62560,123],{"class":74},[60,62562,54456],{"class":126},[60,62564,130],{"class":74},[60,62566,79],{"class":78},[60,62568,62569],{"class":82},"bc",[60,62571,79],{"class":78},[60,62573,136],{"class":74},[60,62575,62576],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62577,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62579,62580,62582,62584,62586],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62581,143],{"class":142},[60,62583,130],{"class":74},[60,62585,843],{"class":126},[60,62587,136],{"class":74},[60,62589,62590],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62591,62592],{"class":4674},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,62594,62595],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[415,62597,62599],{"id":62598},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[51,62601,62603],{"className":53,"code":62602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,62604,62605,62617,62639,62643,62653],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62608,4629],{"class":66},[60,62610,71],{"class":70},[60,62612,75],{"class":74},[60,62614,3137],{"class":1402},[60,62616,108],{"class":74},[60,62618,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62620,4659],{"class":66},[60,62622,123],{"class":74},[60,62624,54456],{"class":126},[60,62626,130],{"class":74},[60,62628,60979],{"class":142},[60,62630,130],{"class":74},[60,62632,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62634,88],{"class":74},[60,62636,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62638,1042],{"class":74},[60,62640,62641],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62642,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62644,62645,62647,62649,62651],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62646,143],{"class":142},[60,62648,130],{"class":74},[60,62650,4659],{"class":126},[60,62652,136],{"class":74},[60,62654,62655],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62656,62657],{"class":4674},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,62659,62660,62663,62664,287,62666,18066,62668,123],{},[15,62661,62662],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,62665,1432],{},[15,62667,1925],{},[15,62669,3079],{},[415,62671,62673],{"id":62672},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[51,62675,62677],{"className":53,"code":62676,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62678,62679,62695,62713,62717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62680,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62682,664],{"class":66},[60,62684,71],{"class":70},[60,62686,75],{"class":74},[60,62688,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62690,88],{"class":74},[60,62692,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62694,108],{"class":74},[60,62696,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62698,716],{"class":66},[60,62700,123],{"class":74},[60,62702,54456],{"class":126},[60,62704,6531],{"class":74},[60,62706,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62708,88],{"class":74},[60,62710,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62712,31489],{"class":74},[60,62714,62715],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62716,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62718,62719,62721,62723,62725],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62720,143],{"class":142},[60,62722,130],{"class":74},[60,62724,716],{"class":126},[60,62726,136],{"class":74},[20,62728,62729],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[46,62731,62733],{"id":62732},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,62735,62736,3412,62738,123],{},[15,62737,54426],{},[15,62739,1585],{},[20,62741,62742,62743,3901],{},"That means this is ",[4753,62744,62745],{},"wrong",[51,62747,62749],{"className":53,"code":62748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,62750,62751,62767,62789,62793,62803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62754,4629],{"class":66},[60,62756,71],{"class":70},[60,62758,75],{"class":74},[60,62760,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62762,88],{"class":74},[60,62764,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62766,108],{"class":74},[60,62768,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62770,114],{"class":66},[60,62772,71],{"class":70},[60,62774,5264],{"class":66},[60,62776,123],{"class":74},[60,62778,54456],{"class":126},[60,62780,2652],{"class":74},[60,62782,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62784,88],{"class":74},[60,62786,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62788,2677],{"class":74},[60,62790,62791],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62792,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62794,62795,62797,62799,62801],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62796,143],{"class":142},[60,62798,130],{"class":74},[60,62800,148],{"class":126},[60,62802,136],{"class":74},[60,62804,62805],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62806,62807],{"class":4674},"# None\n",[20,62809,62810],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[51,62812,62814],{"className":53,"code":62813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62815,62816,62832,62854,62858,62868],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62817,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62819,4629],{"class":66},[60,62821,71],{"class":70},[60,62823,75],{"class":74},[60,62825,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62827,88],{"class":74},[60,62829,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62831,108],{"class":74},[60,62833,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842,62844,62846,62848,62850,62852],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62835,4629],{"class":66},[60,62837,71],{"class":70},[60,62839,5264],{"class":66},[60,62841,123],{"class":74},[60,62843,54456],{"class":126},[60,62845,2652],{"class":74},[60,62847,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62849,88],{"class":74},[60,62851,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62853,2677],{"class":74},[60,62855,62856],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62857,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62859,62860,62862,62864,62866],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62861,143],{"class":142},[60,62863,130],{"class":74},[60,62865,4659],{"class":126},[60,62867,136],{"class":74},[60,62869,62870],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62871,62807],{"class":4674},[20,62873,62874],{},"The correct way is:",[51,62876,62877],{"className":53,"code":62314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,62878,62879,62895,62913,62917,62927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62880,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62882,4629],{"class":66},[60,62884,71],{"class":70},[60,62886,75],{"class":74},[60,62888,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62890,88],{"class":74},[60,62892,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62894,108],{"class":74},[60,62896,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62898,4659],{"class":66},[60,62900,123],{"class":74},[60,62902,54456],{"class":126},[60,62904,2652],{"class":74},[60,62906,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62908,88],{"class":74},[60,62910,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62912,2677],{"class":74},[60,62914,62915],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62916,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62918,62919,62921,62923,62925],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62920,143],{"class":142},[60,62922,130],{"class":74},[60,62924,4659],{"class":126},[60,62926,136],{"class":74},[60,62928,62929],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,62930,53703],{"class":4674},[20,62932,56889,62933,62935],{},[15,62934,54426],{}," first, then use the original list.",[46,62937,5520],{"id":5519},[20,62939,15726,62940,123],{},[15,62941,54426],{},[415,62943,62945,62946,62948],{"id":62944},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62947,54426],{}," to return a new list",[51,62950,62952],{"className":53,"code":62951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62953,62954,62970,62992,62996,63006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,62957,4629],{"class":66},[60,62959,71],{"class":70},[60,62961,75],{"class":74},[60,62963,1432],{"class":1402},[60,62965,88],{"class":74},[60,62967,1437],{"class":1402},[60,62969,108],{"class":74},[60,62971,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,62973,56622],{"class":66},[60,62975,71],{"class":70},[60,62977,5264],{"class":66},[60,62979,123],{"class":74},[60,62981,54456],{"class":126},[60,62983,2652],{"class":74},[60,62985,3079],{"class":1402},[60,62987,88],{"class":74},[60,62989,3471],{"class":1402},[60,62991,2677],{"class":74},[60,62993,62994],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,62995,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,62997,62998,63000,63002,63004],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,62999,143],{"class":142},[60,63001,130],{"class":74},[60,63003,56641],{"class":126},[60,63005,136],{"class":74},[60,63007,63008],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63009,62807],{"class":4674},[20,63011,63012,63013,123],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,63014,54426],{},[415,63016,63018,63019,45611,63021,63023],{"id":63017},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,63020,53632],{},[15,63022,54426],{}," is needed",[51,63025,63026],{"className":53,"code":62377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,63027,63028,63044,63062,63066,63076],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63031,4629],{"class":66},[60,63033,71],{"class":70},[60,63035,75],{"class":74},[60,63037,1432],{"class":1402},[60,63039,88],{"class":74},[60,63041,1437],{"class":1402},[60,63043,108],{"class":74},[60,63045,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63047,4659],{"class":66},[60,63049,123],{"class":74},[60,63051,14545],{"class":126},[60,63053,2652],{"class":74},[60,63055,3079],{"class":1402},[60,63057,88],{"class":74},[60,63059,3471],{"class":1402},[60,63061,2677],{"class":74},[60,63063,63064],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63065,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63067,63068,63070,63072,63074],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63069,143],{"class":142},[60,63071,130],{"class":74},[60,63073,4659],{"class":126},[60,63075,136],{"class":74},[60,63077,63078],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63079,62432],{"class":4674},[20,63081,63082,63083,54871,63085,2225],{},"If you wanted ",[15,63084,54870],{},[15,63086,54426],{},[415,63088,63090],{"id":63089},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[51,63092,63094],{"className":53,"code":63093,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,63095,63096,63112,63130,63134,63144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63097,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63099,67],{"class":66},[60,63101,71],{"class":70},[60,63103,75],{"class":74},[60,63105,79],{"class":78},[60,63107,1008],{"class":82},[60,63109,79],{"class":78},[60,63111,108],{"class":74},[60,63113,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63115,133],{"class":66},[60,63117,123],{"class":74},[60,63119,54456],{"class":126},[60,63121,130],{"class":74},[60,63123,79],{"class":78},[60,63125,1017],{"class":82},[60,63127,79],{"class":78},[60,63129,136],{"class":74},[60,63131,63132],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63133,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63135,63136,63138,63140,63142],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63137,143],{"class":142},[60,63139,130],{"class":74},[60,63141,133],{"class":126},[60,63143,136],{"class":74},[60,63145,63146],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63147,63148],{"class":4674},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,63150,63151,63152,63155,63156,3901],{},"If you want ",[15,63153,63154],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,63157,53632],{},[51,63159,63161],{"className":53,"code":63160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,63162,63163,63179,63197,63201,63211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63164,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63166,67],{"class":66},[60,63168,71],{"class":70},[60,63170,75],{"class":74},[60,63172,79],{"class":78},[60,63174,1008],{"class":82},[60,63176,79],{"class":78},[60,63178,108],{"class":74},[60,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63182,133],{"class":66},[60,63184,123],{"class":74},[60,63186,14545],{"class":126},[60,63188,130],{"class":74},[60,63190,79],{"class":78},[60,63192,1017],{"class":82},[60,63194,79],{"class":78},[60,63196,136],{"class":74},[60,63198,63199],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63200,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63202,63203,63205,63207,63209],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63204,143],{"class":142},[60,63206,130],{"class":74},[60,63208,133],{"class":126},[60,63210,136],{"class":74},[60,63212,63213],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63214,63215],{"class":4674},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[415,63217,63219],{"id":63218},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[51,63221,63223],{"className":53,"code":63222,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,63224,63225,63241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63226,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63228,4629],{"class":66},[60,63230,71],{"class":70},[60,63232,75],{"class":74},[60,63234,1432],{"class":1402},[60,63236,88],{"class":74},[60,63238,1437],{"class":1402},[60,63240,108],{"class":74},[60,63242,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63244,4659],{"class":66},[60,63246,123],{"class":74},[60,63248,54456],{"class":126},[60,63250,130],{"class":74},[60,63252,3154],{"class":1402},[60,63254,136],{"class":74},[20,63256,40641,63257,7551],{},[15,63258,3154],{},[20,63260,63261,63262,63264,63265,63268],{},"You will get a ",[15,63263,1472],{},". See ",[551,63266,63267],{"href":53579},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,63270,63271],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[51,63273,63275],{"className":53,"code":63274,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,63276,63277,63287,63301,63313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63278,63279,63281,63283,63285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63280,143],{"class":142},[60,63282,130],{"class":74},[60,63284,9334],{"class":126},[60,63286,136],{"class":74},[60,63288,63289,63291,63293,63295,63297,63299],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63290,143],{"class":142},[60,63292,130],{"class":74},[60,63294,2629],{"class":1527},[60,63296,130],{"class":74},[60,63298,1388],{"class":126},[60,63300,1042],{"class":74},[60,63302,63303,63305,63307,63309,63311],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63304,143],{"class":142},[60,63306,130],{"class":74},[60,63308,148],{"class":126},[60,63310,2662],{"class":74},[60,63312,136],{"class":66},[60,63314,63315,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63316,33145],{"class":142},[60,63318,130],{"class":74},[60,63320,9089],{"class":1527},[60,63322,123],{"class":74},[60,63324,54456],{"class":25743},[60,63326,136],{"class":74},[44561,63328,63329],{},[20,63330,63331,63332,63335,63336,63338,63339,123],{},"Note: ",[15,63333,63334],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,63337,2662],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,63340,34020],{},[20,63342,63343],{},"Correct debugging example:",[51,63345,63347],{"className":53,"code":63346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,63348,63349,63365,63381,63385,63399,63403,63411,63421,63435,63445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63350,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63352,9303],{"class":66},[60,63354,71],{"class":70},[60,63356,75],{"class":74},[60,63358,1432],{"class":1402},[60,63360,88],{"class":74},[60,63362,1437],{"class":1402},[60,63364,108],{"class":74},[60,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373,63375,63377,63379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63368,1336],{"class":66},[60,63370,71],{"class":70},[60,63372,75],{"class":74},[60,63374,3079],{"class":1402},[60,63376,88],{"class":74},[60,63378,3471],{"class":1402},[60,63380,108],{"class":74},[60,63382,63383],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63384,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63386,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63388,9334],{"class":66},[60,63390,123],{"class":74},[60,63392,54456],{"class":126},[60,63394,130],{"class":74},[60,63396,1388],{"class":126},[60,63398,136],{"class":74},[60,63400,63401],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63402,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63404,63405,63407,63409],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,63406,114],{"class":66},[60,63408,71],{"class":70},[60,63410,49508],{"class":1611},[60,63412,63413,63415,63417,63419],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,63414,143],{"class":142},[60,63416,130],{"class":74},[60,63418,9334],{"class":126},[60,63420,136],{"class":74},[60,63422,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,63424,143],{"class":142},[60,63426,130],{"class":74},[60,63428,2629],{"class":1527},[60,63430,130],{"class":74},[60,63432,1388],{"class":126},[60,63434,1042],{"class":74},[60,63436,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,63438,143],{"class":142},[60,63440,130],{"class":74},[60,63442,148],{"class":126},[60,63444,136],{"class":74},[60,63446,63447,63449,63451,63453,63455,63457],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,63448,33145],{"class":142},[60,63450,130],{"class":74},[60,63452,9089],{"class":1527},[60,63454,123],{"class":74},[60,63456,54456],{"class":25743},[60,63458,136],{"class":74},[46,63460,5963,63462],{"id":63461},"when-to-use-extend",[15,63463,54426],{},[20,63465,171,63466,7316],{},[15,63467,54426],{},[33,63469,63470,63473,63476],{},[36,63471,63472],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[36,63474,63475],{},"Add multiple values at once",[36,63477,63478],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,63480,6473],{},[51,63482,63484],{"className":53,"code":63483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,63485,63486,63503,63521,63525,63541,63545,63555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63487,63488,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63489,63490],{"class":66},"all_scores ",[60,63492,71],{"class":70},[60,63494,75],{"class":74},[60,63496,14494],{"class":1402},[60,63498,88],{"class":74},[60,63500,14499],{"class":1402},[60,63502,108],{"class":74},[60,63504,63505,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63519],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63506,63507],{"class":66},"new_scores ",[60,63509,71],{"class":70},[60,63511,75],{"class":74},[60,63513,52484],{"class":1402},[60,63515,88],{"class":74},[60,63517,63518],{"class":1402}," 92",[60,63520,108],{"class":74},[60,63522,63523],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63524,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63526,63527,63530,63532,63534,63536,63539],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63528,63529],{"class":66},"all_scores",[60,63531,123],{"class":74},[60,63533,54456],{"class":126},[60,63535,130],{"class":74},[60,63537,63538],{"class":126},"new_scores",[60,63540,136],{"class":74},[60,63542,63543],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63544,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63546,63547,63549,63551,63553],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,63548,143],{"class":142},[60,63550,130],{"class":74},[60,63552,63529],{"class":126},[60,63554,136],{"class":74},[60,63556,63557],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,63558,63559],{"class":4674},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,63561,63562,63563,63565,63566,123],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,63564,53632],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[551,63567,56500,63568,2887],{"href":54888},[15,63569,55248],{},[46,63571,2804],{"id":2803},[415,63573,2808,63575,56449],{"id":63574},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,63576,54327],{},[20,63578,63579,63580,123],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,63581,1585],{},[415,63583,6180,63585,2360,63587,2863],{"id":63584},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,63586,54426],{},[15,63588,53632],{},[20,63590,63591,63593,63594,63596],{},[15,63592,54426],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,63595,53632],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[415,63598,2833,63600,63602],{"id":63599},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,63601,54426],{}," with a string?",[20,63604,63605],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[415,63607,2833,63609,2836],{"id":63608},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,63610,54426],{},[20,63612,63613],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[415,63615,63617,63618,2863],{"id":63616},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,63619,54426],{},[20,63621,63622,63623,63625],{},"You get a ",[15,63624,1472],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[46,63627,2870],{"id":2869},[33,63629,63630,63636,63640,63644,63648,63654,63658],{},[36,63631,63632],{},[551,63633,56500,63634,2887],{"href":57749},[15,63635,53632],{},[36,63637,63638],{},[551,63639,55258],{"href":54028},[36,63641,63642],{},[551,63643,58208],{"href":58134},[36,63645,63646],{},[551,63647,53751],{"href":51958},[36,63649,63650],{},[551,63651,56500,63652,2887],{"href":54888},[15,63653,55248],{},[36,63655,63656],{},[551,63657,63267],{"href":53579},[36,63659,63660],{},[551,63661,56500,63662,2887],{"href":55940},[15,63663,13771],{},[20,63665,63666,63667,63669,63670,63672],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,63668,53632],{},", when to use ",[15,63671,55248],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2912,63674,63675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":63677},[63678,63679,63681,63682,63683,63690,63697,63698,63706,63708,63720],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":62077,"depth":111,"text":63680},"What list.extend() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":62157,"depth":111,"text":62158},{"id":62294,"depth":111,"text":63684,"children":63685},"extend() vs append()",[63686,63688],{"id":62308,"depth":139,"text":63687},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":62371,"depth":139,"text":63689},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":62457,"depth":111,"text":63691,"children":63692},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63693,63694,63695,63696],{"id":62468,"depth":139,"text":62469},{"id":62532,"depth":139,"text":62533},{"id":62598,"depth":139,"text":62599},{"id":62672,"depth":139,"text":62673},{"id":62732,"depth":111,"text":62733},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":63699},[63700,63702,63704,63705],{"id":62944,"depth":139,"text":63701},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":63017,"depth":139,"text":63703},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":63089,"depth":139,"text":63090},{"id":63218,"depth":139,"text":63219},{"id":63461,"depth":111,"text":63707},"When to use extend()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":63709},[63710,63712,63714,63716,63718],{"id":63574,"depth":139,"text":63711},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":63584,"depth":139,"text":63713},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":63599,"depth":139,"text":63715},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":63608,"depth":139,"text":63717},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63616,"depth":139,"text":63719},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61981,"description":63721},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63728,"title":63729,"body":63730,"description":65820,"extension":2980,"meta":65821,"navigation":304,"path":65822,"seo":65823,"stem":65824,"__hash__":65825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63731,"toc":65783},[63732,63735,63740,63746,63757,63763,63765,63834,63836,63885,63893,63897,63902,63905,63916,63921,63923,63925,63946,63959,63962,63975,63977,63982,64007,64009,64017,64020,64089,64091,64115,64121,64125,64129,64165,64167,64187,64194,64198,64231,64233,64266,64271,64275,64308,64310,64338,64346,64350,64387,64389,64410,64413,64417,64486,64488,64512,64518,64525,64529,64532,64534,64548,64551,64575,64577,64602,64605,64624,64626,64652,64661,64665,64672,64749,64751,64792,64798,64804,64895,64897,64953,64956,64961,64965,64970,64974,65033,65035,65060,65064,65127,65129,65154,65158,65221,65223,65266,65269,65273,65277,65299,65303,65385,65387,65422,65430,65432,65436,65440,65442,65469,65474,65476,65503,65510,65513,65536,65538,65587,65590,65593,65612,65616,65619,65670,65673,65679,65683,65688,65691,65693,65699,65708,65712,65718,65722,65725,65729,65732,65736,65742,65744,65780],[10,63733,63729],{"id":63734},"python-list-function-explained",[20,63736,10120,63737,63739],{},[15,63738,25774],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,63741,63742,63743,63745],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,63744,25774],{}," for two main reasons:",[33,63747,63748,63751],{},[36,63749,63750],{},"to make an empty list",[36,63752,63753,63754,63756],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63755,60979],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63758,63759,63760,63762],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63761,25774],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[46,63764,3022],{"id":3021},[51,63766,63768],{"className":53,"code":63767,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63769,63770,63792,63810,63814,63824],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63771,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63773,4629],{"class":66},[60,63775,71],{"class":70},[60,63777,23553],{"class":1527},[60,63779,6512],{"class":74},[60,63781,1432],{"class":1402},[60,63783,88],{"class":74},[60,63785,1437],{"class":1402},[60,63787,88],{"class":74},[60,63789,1442],{"class":1402},[60,63791,1042],{"class":74},[60,63793,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63795,767],{"class":66},[60,63797,71],{"class":70},[60,63799,23553],{"class":1527},[60,63801,130],{"class":74},[60,63803,79],{"class":78},[60,63805,42547],{"class":82},[60,63807,79],{"class":78},[60,63809,136],{"class":74},[60,63811,63812],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,63813,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,63815,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,63817,143],{"class":142},[60,63819,130],{"class":74},[60,63821,4659],{"class":126},[60,63823,136],{"class":74},[60,63825,63826,63828,63830,63832],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,63827,143],{"class":142},[60,63829,130],{"class":74},[60,63831,843],{"class":126},[60,63833,136],{"class":74},[20,63835,153],{},[51,63837,63839],{"className":53,"code":63838,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63840,63841,63857],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63842,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63844,353],{"class":74},[60,63846,1432],{"class":1402},[60,63848,88],{"class":74},[60,63850,1437],{"class":1402},[60,63852,88],{"class":74},[60,63854,1442],{"class":1402},[60,63856,108],{"class":74},[60,63858,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63860,353],{"class":74},[60,63862,356],{"class":78},[60,63864,551],{"class":82},[60,63866,356],{"class":78},[60,63868,88],{"class":74},[60,63870,365],{"class":78},[60,63872,2258],{"class":82},[60,63874,356],{"class":78},[60,63876,88],{"class":74},[60,63878,365],{"class":78},[60,63880,1895],{"class":82},[60,63882,356],{"class":78},[60,63884,108],{"class":74},[20,63886,171,63887,63889,63890,63892],{},[15,63888,25774],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63891,60979],{},", set, or dictionary.",[46,63894,63896],{"id":63895},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63898,63899,63901],{},[15,63900,25774],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63903,63904],{},"It can:",[33,63906,63907,63910,63913],{},[36,63908,63909],{},"create a new list object",[36,63911,63912],{},"make an empty list",[36,63914,63915],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63917,63918,63919,123],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[551,63920,53751],{"href":51958},[46,63922,389],{"id":388},[20,63924,27480],{},[51,63926,63928],{"className":53,"code":63927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63929,63930,63936],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63931,63932,63934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63933,9089],{"class":1527},[60,63935,9640],{"class":74},[60,63937,63938,63940,63942,63944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,63939,9089],{"class":1527},[60,63941,130],{"class":74},[60,63943,411],{"class":126},[60,63945,136],{"class":74},[33,63947,63948,63953],{},[36,63949,63950,63952],{},[15,63951,25774],{}," makes an empty list",[36,63954,63955,63958],{},[15,63956,63957],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63960,63961],{},"Common iterable values include:",[33,63963,63964,63966,63968,63970,63973],{},[36,63965,6310],{},[36,63967,6304],{},[36,63969,6307],{},[36,63971,63972],{},"ranges",[36,63974,8249],{},[46,63976,60601],{"id":60600},[20,63978,171,63979,63981],{},[15,63980,25774],{}," with no arguments:",[51,63983,63985],{"className":53,"code":63984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63986,63987,63997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,63988,63989,63991,63993,63995],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,63990,664],{"class":66},[60,63992,71],{"class":70},[60,63994,23553],{"class":1527},[60,63996,9640],{"class":74},[60,63998,63999,64001,64003,64005],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64000,143],{"class":142},[60,64002,130],{"class":74},[60,64004,716],{"class":126},[60,64006,136],{"class":74},[20,64008,153],{},[51,64010,64011],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64012,64013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64014,64015],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64016,39285],{"class":74},[20,64018,64019],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[51,64021,64023],{"className":53,"code":64022,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,64024,64025,64035,64039,64057,64075,64079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64026,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64028,664],{"class":66},[60,64030,71],{"class":70},[60,64032,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64034,9640],{"class":74},[60,64036,64037],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64038,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,64042,716],{"class":66},[60,64044,123],{"class":74},[60,64046,14545],{"class":126},[60,64048,130],{"class":74},[60,64050,79],{"class":78},[60,64052,1604],{"class":82},[60,64054,79],{"class":78},[60,64056,136],{"class":74},[60,64058,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,64060,716],{"class":66},[60,64062,123],{"class":74},[60,64064,14545],{"class":126},[60,64066,130],{"class":74},[60,64068,79],{"class":78},[60,64070,1619],{"class":82},[60,64072,79],{"class":78},[60,64074,136],{"class":74},[60,64076,64077],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,64078,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,64082,143],{"class":142},[60,64084,130],{"class":74},[60,64086,716],{"class":126},[60,64088,136],{"class":74},[20,64090,153],{},[51,64092,64093],{"className":53,"code":39411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64094,64095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64096,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64098,353],{"class":74},[60,64100,356],{"class":78},[60,64102,1604],{"class":82},[60,64104,356],{"class":78},[60,64106,88],{"class":74},[60,64108,365],{"class":78},[60,64110,1619],{"class":82},[60,64112,356],{"class":78},[60,64114,108],{"class":74},[20,64116,64117,64118,64120],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,64119,4797],{},". Both are valid.",[46,64122,64124],{"id":64123},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[415,64126,64128],{"id":64127},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[51,64130,64131],{"className":53,"code":60899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64132,64133,64155],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64134,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64136,4629],{"class":66},[60,64138,71],{"class":70},[60,64140,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64142,6512],{"class":74},[60,64144,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64146,88],{"class":74},[60,64148,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64150,88],{"class":74},[60,64152,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64154,1042],{"class":74},[60,64156,64157,64159,64161,64163],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64158,143],{"class":142},[60,64160,130],{"class":74},[60,64162,4659],{"class":126},[60,64164,136],{"class":74},[20,64166,153],{},[51,64168,64169],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64170,64171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64172,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64174,353],{"class":74},[60,64176,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64178,88],{"class":74},[60,64180,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64182,88],{"class":74},[60,64184,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64186,108],{"class":74},[20,64188,64189,64190,123],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[551,64191,64193],{"href":64192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[415,64195,64197],{"id":64196},"string-to-list","String to list",[51,64199,64201],{"className":53,"code":64200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,64202,64203,64221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64204,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64206,767],{"class":66},[60,64208,71],{"class":70},[60,64210,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64212,130],{"class":74},[60,64214,79],{"class":78},[60,64216,38035],{"class":82},[60,64218,79],{"class":78},[60,64220,136],{"class":74},[60,64222,64223,64225,64227,64229],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64224,143],{"class":142},[60,64226,130],{"class":74},[60,64228,843],{"class":126},[60,64230,136],{"class":74},[20,64232,153],{},[51,64234,64236],{"className":53,"code":64235,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,64237,64238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64239,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262,64264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64241,353],{"class":74},[60,64243,356],{"class":78},[60,64245,1895],{"class":82},[60,64247,356],{"class":78},[60,64249,88],{"class":74},[60,64251,365],{"class":78},[60,64253,551],{"class":82},[60,64255,356],{"class":78},[60,64257,88],{"class":74},[60,64259,365],{"class":78},[60,64261,794],{"class":82},[60,64263,356],{"class":78},[60,64265,108],{"class":74},[20,64267,64268,64270],{},[15,64269,25774],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[415,64272,64274],{"id":64273},"range-to-list","Range to list",[51,64276,64278],{"className":53,"code":64277,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,64279,64280,64298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64283,4629],{"class":66},[60,64285,71],{"class":70},[60,64287,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64289,130],{"class":74},[60,64291,60979],{"class":142},[60,64293,130],{"class":74},[60,64295,3154],{"class":1402},[60,64297,1042],{"class":74},[60,64299,64300,64302,64304,64306],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64301,143],{"class":142},[60,64303,130],{"class":74},[60,64305,4659],{"class":126},[60,64307,136],{"class":74},[20,64309,153],{},[51,64311,64312],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64313,64314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64315,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64317,353],{"class":74},[60,64319,3137],{"class":1402},[60,64321,88],{"class":74},[60,64323,6499],{"class":1402},[60,64325,88],{"class":74},[60,64327,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64329,88],{"class":74},[60,64331,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64333,88],{"class":74},[60,64335,3471],{"class":1402},[60,64337,108],{"class":74},[20,64339,64340,64341,64345],{},"This is common when working with ",[551,64342,64343],{"href":37183},[15,64344,37186],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[415,64347,64349],{"id":64348},"set-to-list","Set to list",[51,64351,64353],{"className":53,"code":64352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,64354,64355,64377],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64356,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64358,1336],{"class":66},[60,64360,71],{"class":70},[60,64362,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64364,6531],{"class":74},[60,64366,1345],{"class":1402},[60,64368,88],{"class":74},[60,64370,1407],{"class":1402},[60,64372,88],{"class":74},[60,64374,8791],{"class":1402},[60,64376,31489],{"class":74},[60,64378,64379,64381,64383,64385],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64380,143],{"class":142},[60,64382,130],{"class":74},[60,64384,1388],{"class":126},[60,64386,136],{"class":74},[20,64388,17952],{},[51,64390,64392],{"className":53,"code":64391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,64393,64394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64395,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64397,353],{"class":74},[60,64399,1345],{"class":1402},[60,64401,88],{"class":74},[60,64403,1407],{"class":1402},[60,64405,88],{"class":74},[60,64407,8791],{"class":1402},[60,64409,108],{"class":74},[20,64411,64412],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[415,64414,64416],{"id":64415},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[51,64418,64420],{"className":53,"code":64419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64421,64422,64458,64472,64476],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64423,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64425,14196],{"class":66},[60,64427,71],{"class":70},[60,64429,11488],{"class":74},[60,64431,79],{"class":78},[60,64433,8666],{"class":82},[60,64435,79],{"class":78},[60,64437,3901],{"class":74},[60,64439,91],{"class":78},[60,64441,463],{"class":82},[60,64443,79],{"class":78},[60,64445,88],{"class":74},[60,64447,91],{"class":78},[60,64449,10296],{"class":82},[60,64451,79],{"class":78},[60,64453,3901],{"class":74},[60,64455,10303],{"class":1402},[60,64457,10306],{"class":74},[60,64459,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64461,114],{"class":66},[60,64463,71],{"class":70},[60,64465,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64467,130],{"class":74},[60,64469,18301],{"class":126},[60,64471,136],{"class":74},[60,64473,64474],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,64475,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64477,64478,64480,64482,64484],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,64479,143],{"class":142},[60,64481,130],{"class":74},[60,64483,148],{"class":126},[60,64485,136],{"class":74},[20,64487,153],{},[51,64489,64490],{"className":53,"code":26474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64491,64492],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64493,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64495,353],{"class":74},[60,64497,356],{"class":78},[60,64499,8666],{"class":82},[60,64501,356],{"class":78},[60,64503,88],{"class":74},[60,64505,365],{"class":78},[60,64507,10296],{"class":82},[60,64509,356],{"class":78},[60,64511,108],{"class":74},[20,64513,64514,64515,64517],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,64516,25774],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,64519,64520,64521,123],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[551,64522,64524],{"href":64523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[46,64526,64528],{"id":64527},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,64530,64531],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,64533,62132],{},[33,64535,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546],{},[36,64537,6301],{},[36,64539,6304],{},[36,64541,6310],{},[36,64543,6307],{},[36,64545,63972],{},[36,64547,8249],{},[20,64549,64550],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[51,64552,64554],{"className":53,"code":64553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,64555,64556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64557,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64571,64573],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64559,143],{"class":142},[60,64561,130],{"class":74},[60,64563,9089],{"class":1527},[60,64565,130],{"class":74},[60,64567,79],{"class":78},[60,64569,64570],{"class":82},"hi",[60,64572,79],{"class":78},[60,64574,1042],{"class":74},[20,64576,153],{},[51,64578,64580],{"className":53,"code":64579,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,64581,64582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64583,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64585,353],{"class":74},[60,64587,356],{"class":78},[60,64589,803],{"class":82},[60,64591,356],{"class":78},[60,64593,88],{"class":74},[60,64595,365],{"class":78},[60,64597,37142],{"class":82},[60,64599,356],{"class":78},[60,64601,108],{"class":74},[20,64603,64604],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[51,64606,64608],{"className":53,"code":64607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(5))\n",[15,64609,64610],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64611,64612,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64613,143],{"class":142},[60,64615,130],{"class":74},[60,64617,9089],{"class":1527},[60,64619,130],{"class":74},[60,64621,3154],{"class":1402},[60,64623,1042],{"class":74},[20,64625,153],{},[51,64627,64629],{"className":53,"code":64628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,64630,64631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64632,64633,64635,64637,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64634,1472],{"class":1527},[60,64636,3901],{"class":74},[60,64638,365],{"class":78},[60,64640,3206],{"class":82},[60,64642,356],{"class":78},[60,64644,25610],{"class":1527},[60,64646,2773],{"class":70},[60,64648,9094],{"class":70},[60,64650,64651],{"class":66}," iterable\n",[20,64653,64654,64655,64657,64658,123],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[551,64656,6137],{"href":6588},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[551,64659,64660],{"href":53579},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[46,64662,64664],{"id":64663},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,64666,64667,64668,64671],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,64669,64670],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[51,64673,64675],{"className":53,"code":64674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,64676,64677,64697,64711,64715,64725,64735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64678,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64680,13081],{"class":66},[60,64682,71],{"class":70},[60,64684,75],{"class":74},[60,64686,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64688,88],{"class":74},[60,64690,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64692,88],{"class":74},[60,64694,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64696,108],{"class":74},[60,64698,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64700,15304],{"class":66},[60,64702,71],{"class":70},[60,64704,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64706,130],{"class":74},[60,64708,13128],{"class":126},[60,64710,136],{"class":74},[60,64712,64713],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,64714,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64716,64717,64719,64721,64723],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,64718,143],{"class":142},[60,64720,130],{"class":74},[60,64722,13128],{"class":126},[60,64724,136],{"class":74},[60,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,64728,143],{"class":142},[60,64730,130],{"class":74},[60,64732,15323],{"class":126},[60,64734,136],{"class":74},[60,64736,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,64738,143],{"class":142},[60,64740,130],{"class":74},[60,64742,13081],{"class":126},[60,64744,94],{"class":2665},[60,64746,15377],{"class":126},[60,64748,136],{"class":74},[20,64750,153],{},[51,64752,64754],{"className":53,"code":64753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,64755,64756,64772,64788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64757,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64759,353],{"class":74},[60,64761,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64763,88],{"class":74},[60,64765,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64767,88],{"class":74},[60,64769,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64771,108],{"class":74},[60,64773,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64775,353],{"class":74},[60,64777,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64779,88],{"class":74},[60,64781,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64783,88],{"class":74},[60,64785,1442],{"class":1402},[60,64787,108],{"class":74},[60,64789,64790],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,64791,5044],{"class":1611},[20,64793,64794,64795,64797],{},"This means ",[15,64796,15323],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64799,64800,64801,64803],{},"However, this is only a ",[4753,64802,13845],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[51,64805,64807],{"className":53,"code":64806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64808,64809,64835,64849,64853,64871,64875,64885],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64810,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64812,13081],{"class":66},[60,64814,71],{"class":70},[60,64816,57274],{"class":74},[60,64818,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64820,88],{"class":74},[60,64822,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64824,19055],{"class":74},[60,64826,75],{"class":74},[60,64828,3079],{"class":1402},[60,64830,88],{"class":74},[60,64832,3471],{"class":1402},[60,64834,54222],{"class":74},[60,64836,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64838,15304],{"class":66},[60,64840,71],{"class":70},[60,64842,23553],{"class":1527},[60,64844,130],{"class":74},[60,64846,13128],{"class":126},[60,64848,136],{"class":74},[60,64850,64851],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,64852,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64854,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64867,64869],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,64856,15323],{"class":66},[60,64858,353],{"class":74},[60,64860,3137],{"class":1402},[60,64862,14542],{"class":74},[60,64864,14545],{"class":126},[60,64866,130],{"class":74},[60,64868,57327],{"class":1402},[60,64870,136],{"class":74},[60,64872,64873],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,64874,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,64876,64877,64879,64881,64883],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,64878,143],{"class":142},[60,64880,130],{"class":74},[60,64882,13128],{"class":126},[60,64884,136],{"class":74},[60,64886,64887,64889,64891,64893],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,64888,143],{"class":142},[60,64890,130],{"class":74},[60,64892,15323],{"class":126},[60,64894,136],{"class":74},[20,64896,153],{},[51,64898,64899],{"className":53,"code":57358,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,64900,64901,64927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64902,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919,64921,64923,64925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64904,57365],{"class":74},[60,64906,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64908,88],{"class":74},[60,64910,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64912,88],{"class":74},[60,64914,11194],{"class":1402},[60,64916,19055],{"class":74},[60,64918,75],{"class":74},[60,64920,3079],{"class":1402},[60,64922,88],{"class":74},[60,64924,3471],{"class":1402},[60,64926,54222],{"class":74},[60,64928,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,64930,57365],{"class":74},[60,64932,1432],{"class":1402},[60,64934,88],{"class":74},[60,64936,1437],{"class":1402},[60,64938,88],{"class":74},[60,64940,11194],{"class":1402},[60,64942,19055],{"class":74},[60,64944,75],{"class":74},[60,64946,3079],{"class":1402},[60,64948,88],{"class":74},[60,64950,3471],{"class":1402},[60,64952,54222],{"class":74},[20,64954,64955],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64957,64958,64959,123],{},"For more on this, see ",[551,64960,14783],{"href":14782},[46,64962,64964],{"id":64963},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64966,64967,64968,123],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64969,25774],{},[415,64971,64973],{"id":64972},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[51,64975,64977],{"className":53,"code":64976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64978,64979,65019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,64980,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989,64991,64993,64995,64997,64999,65001,65003,65005,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,64982,13858],{"class":66},[60,64984,71],{"class":70},[60,64986,11488],{"class":74},[60,64988,79],{"class":78},[60,64990,8666],{"class":82},[60,64992,79],{"class":78},[60,64994,3901],{"class":74},[60,64996,91],{"class":78},[60,64998,1799],{"class":82},[60,65000,79],{"class":78},[60,65002,88],{"class":74},[60,65004,91],{"class":78},[60,65006,20885],{"class":82},[60,65008,79],{"class":78},[60,65010,3901],{"class":74},[60,65012,91],{"class":78},[60,65014,1260],{"class":82},[60,65016,79],{"class":78},[60,65018,10306],{"class":74},[60,65020,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65022,143],{"class":142},[60,65024,130],{"class":74},[60,65026,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65028,130],{"class":74},[60,65030,14618],{"class":126},[60,65032,1042],{"class":74},[20,65034,153],{},[51,65036,65038],{"className":53,"code":65037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,65039,65040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65041,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65043,353],{"class":74},[60,65045,356],{"class":78},[60,65047,8666],{"class":82},[60,65049,356],{"class":78},[60,65051,88],{"class":74},[60,65053,365],{"class":78},[60,65055,20885],{"class":82},[60,65057,356],{"class":78},[60,65059,108],{"class":74},[415,65061,65063],{"id":65062},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[51,65065,65067],{"className":53,"code":65066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,65068,65069,65109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65070,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65072,13858],{"class":66},[60,65074,71],{"class":70},[60,65076,11488],{"class":74},[60,65078,79],{"class":78},[60,65080,8666],{"class":82},[60,65082,79],{"class":78},[60,65084,3901],{"class":74},[60,65086,91],{"class":78},[60,65088,1799],{"class":82},[60,65090,79],{"class":78},[60,65092,88],{"class":74},[60,65094,91],{"class":78},[60,65096,20885],{"class":82},[60,65098,79],{"class":78},[60,65100,3901],{"class":74},[60,65102,91],{"class":78},[60,65104,1260],{"class":82},[60,65106,79],{"class":78},[60,65108,10306],{"class":74},[60,65110,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65112,143],{"class":142},[60,65114,130],{"class":74},[60,65116,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65118,130],{"class":74},[60,65120,14618],{"class":126},[60,65122,123],{"class":74},[60,65124,1388],{"class":126},[60,65126,7288],{"class":74},[20,65128,153],{},[51,65130,65132],{"className":53,"code":65131,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,65133,65134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65135,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65137,353],{"class":74},[60,65139,356],{"class":78},[60,65141,1799],{"class":82},[60,65143,356],{"class":78},[60,65145,88],{"class":74},[60,65147,365],{"class":78},[60,65149,1260],{"class":82},[60,65151,356],{"class":78},[60,65153,108],{"class":74},[415,65155,65157],{"id":65156},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[51,65159,65161],{"className":53,"code":65160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,65162,65163,65203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65164,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65166,13858],{"class":66},[60,65168,71],{"class":70},[60,65170,11488],{"class":74},[60,65172,79],{"class":78},[60,65174,8666],{"class":82},[60,65176,79],{"class":78},[60,65178,3901],{"class":74},[60,65180,91],{"class":78},[60,65182,1799],{"class":82},[60,65184,79],{"class":78},[60,65186,88],{"class":74},[60,65188,91],{"class":78},[60,65190,20885],{"class":82},[60,65192,79],{"class":78},[60,65194,3901],{"class":74},[60,65196,91],{"class":78},[60,65198,1260],{"class":82},[60,65200,79],{"class":78},[60,65202,10306],{"class":74},[60,65204,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65206,143],{"class":142},[60,65208,130],{"class":74},[60,65210,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65212,130],{"class":74},[60,65214,14618],{"class":126},[60,65216,123],{"class":74},[60,65218,716],{"class":126},[60,65220,7288],{"class":74},[20,65222,153],{},[51,65224,65226],{"className":53,"code":65225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,65227,65228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65229,65230,65232,65234,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65231,22735],{"class":74},[60,65233,356],{"class":78},[60,65235,8666],{"class":82},[60,65237,356],{"class":78},[60,65239,88],{"class":74},[60,65241,365],{"class":78},[60,65243,1799],{"class":82},[60,65245,356],{"class":78},[60,65247,10231],{"class":74},[60,65249,1776],{"class":74},[60,65251,356],{"class":78},[60,65253,20885],{"class":82},[60,65255,356],{"class":78},[60,65257,88],{"class":74},[60,65259,365],{"class":78},[60,65261,1260],{"class":82},[60,65263,356],{"class":78},[60,65265,10246],{"class":74},[20,65267,65268],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[46,65270,65272],{"id":65271},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,65274,171,65275,11598],{},[15,65276,25774],{},[33,65278,65279,65287,65296],{},[36,65280,65281,65282,3894,65284],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,65283,53632],{},[15,65285,65286],{},"sort()",[36,65288,65289,65290,3894,65292,65295],{},"you want to convert ",[15,65291,37186],{},[15,65293,65294],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[36,65297,65298],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,65300,47022,65301,3901],{},[15,65302,65294],{},[51,65304,65306],{"className":53,"code":65305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,65307,65308,65332,65348,65352,65375],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65309,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65311,454],{"class":66},[60,65313,71],{"class":70},[60,65315,75],{"class":74},[60,65317,79],{"class":78},[60,65319,463],{"class":82},[60,65321,79],{"class":78},[60,65323,88],{"class":74},[60,65325,91],{"class":78},[60,65327,472],{"class":82},[60,65329,79],{"class":78},[60,65331,108],{"class":74},[60,65333,65334,65336,65338,65340,65342,65344,65346],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65335,6064],{"class":66},[60,65337,71],{"class":70},[60,65339,75],{"class":74},[60,65341,14494],{"class":1402},[60,65343,88],{"class":74},[60,65345,14499],{"class":1402},[60,65347,108],{"class":74},[60,65349,65350],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,65351,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,65353,65354,65356,65358,65360,65362,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,65355,10213],{"class":66},[60,65357,71],{"class":70},[60,65359,23553],{"class":1527},[60,65361,130],{"class":74},[60,65363,65364],{"class":142},"zip",[60,65366,130],{"class":74},[60,65368,507],{"class":126},[60,65370,88],{"class":74},[60,65372,6111],{"class":126},[60,65374,1042],{"class":74},[60,65376,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,65378,143],{"class":142},[60,65380,130],{"class":74},[60,65382,10259],{"class":126},[60,65384,136],{"class":74},[20,65386,153],{},[51,65388,65390],{"className":53,"code":65389,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,65391,65392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65393,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65395,22735],{"class":74},[60,65397,356],{"class":78},[60,65399,463],{"class":82},[60,65401,356],{"class":78},[60,65403,88],{"class":74},[60,65405,20892],{"class":1402},[60,65407,10231],{"class":74},[60,65409,1776],{"class":74},[60,65411,356],{"class":78},[60,65413,472],{"class":82},[60,65415,356],{"class":78},[60,65417,88],{"class":74},[60,65419,14499],{"class":1402},[60,65421,10246],{"class":74},[20,65423,65424,65425,65427,65428,123],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,65426,53632],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[551,65429,54029],{"href":54028},[46,65431,5520],{"id":5519},[20,65433,57756,65434,123],{},[15,65435,25774],{},[415,65437,65439],{"id":65438},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,65441,2012],{},[51,65443,65445],{"className":53,"code":65444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,65446,65447,65451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65448,65449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65450,5536],{"class":4674},[60,65452,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65454,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65456,130],{"class":74},[60,65458,1432],{"class":1402},[60,65460,88],{"class":74},[60,65462,1437],{"class":1402},[60,65464,88],{"class":74},[60,65466,1442],{"class":1402},[60,65468,136],{"class":74},[20,65470,65471,65473],{},[15,65472,25774],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,65475,19688],{},[51,65477,65479],{"className":53,"code":65478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,65480,65481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65482,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65484,143],{"class":142},[60,65486,130],{"class":74},[60,65488,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65490,6512],{"class":74},[60,65492,1432],{"class":1402},[60,65494,88],{"class":74},[60,65496,1437],{"class":1402},[60,65498,88],{"class":74},[60,65500,1442],{"class":1402},[60,65502,1992],{"class":74},[415,65504,65506,65507],{"id":65505},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[60,65508,65509],{},"\"hello\"",[20,65511,65512],{},"This is a common surprise:",[51,65514,65516],{"className":53,"code":65515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,65517,65518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65519,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65521,143],{"class":142},[60,65523,130],{"class":74},[60,65525,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65527,130],{"class":74},[60,65529,79],{"class":78},[60,65531,1008],{"class":82},[60,65533,79],{"class":78},[60,65535,1042],{"class":74},[20,65537,153],{},[51,65539,65541],{"className":53,"code":65540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,65542,65543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65544,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65546,353],{"class":74},[60,65548,356],{"class":78},[60,65550,803],{"class":82},[60,65552,356],{"class":78},[60,65554,88],{"class":74},[60,65556,365],{"class":78},[60,65558,61427],{"class":82},[60,65560,356],{"class":78},[60,65562,88],{"class":74},[60,65564,365],{"class":78},[60,65566,61436],{"class":82},[60,65568,356],{"class":78},[60,65570,88],{"class":74},[60,65572,365],{"class":78},[60,65574,61436],{"class":82},[60,65576,356],{"class":78},[60,65578,88],{"class":74},[60,65580,365],{"class":78},[60,65582,812],{"class":82},[60,65584,356],{"class":78},[60,65586,108],{"class":74},[20,65588,65589],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,65591,65592],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[51,65594,65596],{"className":53,"code":65595,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,65597,65598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65599,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65601,143],{"class":142},[60,65603,2652],{"class":74},[60,65605,79],{"class":78},[60,65607,1008],{"class":82},[60,65609,79],{"class":78},[60,65611,2677],{"class":74},[415,65613,65615],{"id":65614},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,65617,65618],{},"This:",[51,65620,65622],{"className":53,"code":65621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,65623,65624,65656],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65625,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65627,10163],{"class":66},[60,65629,71],{"class":70},[60,65631,11488],{"class":74},[60,65633,79],{"class":78},[60,65635,551],{"class":82},[60,65637,79],{"class":78},[60,65639,3901],{"class":74},[60,65641,6499],{"class":1402},[60,65643,88],{"class":74},[60,65645,91],{"class":78},[60,65647,2258],{"class":82},[60,65649,79],{"class":78},[60,65651,3901],{"class":74},[60,65653,1437],{"class":1402},[60,65655,10306],{"class":74},[60,65657,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65659,143],{"class":142},[60,65661,130],{"class":74},[60,65663,9089],{"class":1527},[60,65665,130],{"class":74},[60,65667,10202],{"class":126},[60,65669,1042],{"class":74},[20,65671,65672],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,65674,171,65675,65678],{},[15,65676,65677],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[415,65680,65682],{"id":65681},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,65684,65685,65687],{},[15,65686,25774],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,65689,65690],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[46,65692,2804],{"id":2803},[415,65694,6180,65696,65698],{"id":65695},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[60,65697],{}," and list()?",[20,65700,65701,65702,65704,65705,65707],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,65703,4797],{}," is shorter. ",[15,65706,25774],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[415,65709,65711],{"id":65710},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,65713,65714,65715,65717],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,65716,25774],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[415,65719,65721],{"id":65720},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,65723,65724],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[415,65726,65728],{"id":65727},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,65730,65731],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[415,65733,65735],{"id":65734},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,65737,65738,65739,65741],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,65740,25774],{}," cannot loop through it.",[46,65743,2870],{"id":2869},[33,65745,65746,65750,65755,65759,65763,65767,65771,65776],{},[36,65747,65748],{},[551,65749,53751],{"href":51958},[36,65751,65752],{},[551,65753,65754],{"href":37183},"Python range() function explained",[36,65756,65757],{},[551,65758,64193],{"href":64192},[36,65760,65761],{},[551,65762,64524],{"href":64523},[36,65764,65765],{},[551,65766,6217],{"href":6588},[36,65768,65769],{},[551,65770,14783],{"href":14782},[36,65772,65773],{},[551,65774,65775],{"href":53579},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[36,65777,65778],{},[551,65779,55258],{"href":54028},[2912,65781,65782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":65784},[65785,65786,65787,65788,65789,65796,65797,65798,65803,65804,65811,65819],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":63895,"depth":111,"text":63896},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":60600,"depth":111,"text":60601},{"id":64123,"depth":111,"text":64124,"children":65790},[65791,65792,65793,65794,65795],{"id":64127,"depth":139,"text":64128},{"id":64196,"depth":139,"text":64197},{"id":64273,"depth":139,"text":64274},{"id":64348,"depth":139,"text":64349},{"id":64415,"depth":139,"text":64416},{"id":64527,"depth":111,"text":64528},{"id":64663,"depth":111,"text":64664},{"id":64963,"depth":111,"text":64964,"children":65799},[65800,65801,65802],{"id":64972,"depth":139,"text":64973},{"id":65062,"depth":139,"text":65063},{"id":65156,"depth":139,"text":65157},{"id":65271,"depth":111,"text":65272},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":65805},[65806,65807,65809,65810],{"id":65438,"depth":139,"text":65439},{"id":65505,"depth":139,"text":65808},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65614,"depth":139,"text":65615},{"id":65681,"depth":139,"text":65682},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":65812},[65813,65815,65816,65817,65818],{"id":65695,"depth":139,"text":65814},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65710,"depth":139,"text":65711},{"id":65720,"depth":139,"text":65721},{"id":65727,"depth":139,"text":65728},{"id":65734,"depth":139,"text":65735},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63729,"description":65820},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65827,"title":65828,"body":65829,"description":67180,"extension":2980,"meta":67181,"navigation":304,"path":67182,"seo":67183,"stem":67184,"__hash__":67185},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65830,"toc":67154},[65831,65836,65842,65851,65853,65926,65935,65940,65944,65960,65964,65966,65968,65987,65990,66018,66021,66046,66054,66056,66061,66068,66070,66127,66129,66137,66143,66147,66150,66223,66225,66233,66236,66259,66266,66272,66276,66282,66353,66355,66363,66372,66379,66386,66394,66538,66540,66557,66560,66599,66602,66606,66611,66613,66672,66678,66681,66788,66790,66805,66808,66815,66817,66821,66969,66972,67033,67036,67039,67060,67065,67069,67080,67083,67085,67090,67093,67101,67106,67112,67115,67121,67129,67131,67151],[10,65832,55322,65834,18],{"id":65833},"python-list-index-method",[15,65835,59948],{},[20,65837,65838,65841],{},[15,65839,65840],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65843,65844,65845,65848,65849,123],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[4753,65846,65847],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65850,41690],{},[46,65852,49],{"id":48},[51,65854,65856],{"className":53,"code":65855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65857,65858,65890,65913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65859,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65861,664],{"class":66},[60,65863,71],{"class":70},[60,65865,75],{"class":74},[60,65867,79],{"class":78},[60,65869,1604],{"class":82},[60,65871,79],{"class":78},[60,65873,88],{"class":74},[60,65875,91],{"class":78},[60,65877,1619],{"class":82},[60,65879,79],{"class":78},[60,65881,88],{"class":74},[60,65883,91],{"class":78},[60,65885,5098],{"class":82},[60,65887,79],{"class":78},[60,65889,108],{"class":74},[60,65891,65892,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,65893,65894],{"class":66},"position ",[60,65896,71],{"class":70},[60,65898,1989],{"class":66},[60,65900,123],{"class":74},[60,65902,36840],{"class":126},[60,65904,130],{"class":74},[60,65906,79],{"class":78},[60,65908,1619],{"class":82},[60,65910,79],{"class":78},[60,65912,136],{"class":74},[60,65914,65915,65917,65919,65922,65924],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,65916,143],{"class":142},[60,65918,130],{"class":74},[60,65920,65921],{"class":126},"position",[60,65923,2662],{"class":74},[60,65925,28773],{"class":4674},[20,65927,171,65928,65931,65932,65934],{},[15,65929,65930],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65933,41690],{}," if the item is not found.",[46,65936,178,65938,181],{"id":65937},"what-listindex-does",[15,65939,65840],{},[20,65941,65942,3901],{},[15,65943,65840],{},[33,65945,65946,65949,65952,65957],{},[36,65947,65948],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[36,65950,65951],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[36,65953,65954,65955],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65956,3137],{},[36,65958,65959],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65961,55547,65962,123],{},[551,65963,53751],{"href":55550},[46,65965,389],{"id":388},[20,65967,31717],{},[51,65969,65971],{"className":53,"code":65970,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65972,65973],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65974,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65976,9334],{"class":66},[60,65978,123],{"class":74},[60,65980,36840],{"class":126},[60,65982,130],{"class":74},[60,65984,3487],{"class":126},[60,65986,136],{"class":74},[20,65988,65989],{},"You can also limit the search:",[51,65991,65993],{"className":53,"code":65992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65994,65995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,65996,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66007,66009,66011,66013,66016],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,65998,9334],{"class":66},[60,66000,123],{"class":74},[60,66002,36840],{"class":126},[60,66004,130],{"class":74},[60,66006,3487],{"class":126},[60,66008,88],{"class":74},[60,66010,37041],{"class":126},[60,66012,88],{"class":74},[60,66014,66015],{"class":126}," end",[60,66017,136],{"class":74},[20,66019,66020],{},"Here is what each part means:",[33,66022,66023,66028,66033,66038],{},[36,66024,66025,66027],{},[15,66026,3487],{},": the item to search for",[36,66029,66030,66032],{},[15,66031,37062],{},": where the search begins",[36,66034,66035,66037],{},[15,66036,53640],{},": where the search stops",[36,66039,66040,5785,66042,66045],{},[15,66041,53640],{},[4753,66043,66044],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,66047,66048,66049,66051,66052,123],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,66050,37062],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,66053,53640],{},[46,66055,39008],{"id":39007},[20,66057,66058,66060],{},[15,66059,65840],{}," returns an integer.",[20,66062,66063,66064,66067],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[4753,66065,66066],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,66069,236],{},[51,66071,66073],{"className":53,"code":66072,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,66074,66075,66095,66113,66117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66076,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66078,4629],{"class":66},[60,66080,71],{"class":70},[60,66082,75],{"class":74},[60,66084,1345],{"class":1402},[60,66086,88],{"class":74},[60,66088,1407],{"class":1402},[60,66090,88],{"class":74},[60,66092,8791],{"class":1402},[60,66094,108],{"class":74},[60,66096,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66098,114],{"class":66},[60,66100,71],{"class":70},[60,66102,5264],{"class":66},[60,66104,123],{"class":74},[60,66106,36840],{"class":126},[60,66108,130],{"class":74},[60,66110,1354],{"class":1402},[60,66112,136],{"class":74},[60,66114,66115],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66116,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,66118,66119,66121,66123,66125],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,66120,143],{"class":142},[60,66122,130],{"class":74},[60,66124,148],{"class":126},[60,66126,136],{"class":74},[20,66128,153],{},[51,66130,66131],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66132,66133],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66134,66135],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66136,47899],{"class":1402},[20,66138,66139,66140,66142],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,66141,59948],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[46,66144,66146],{"id":66145},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,66148,66149],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[51,66151,66153],{"className":53,"code":66152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,66154,66155,66187,66209,66213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66156,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66158,37227],{"class":66},[60,66160,71],{"class":70},[60,66162,75],{"class":74},[60,66164,79],{"class":78},[60,66166,1604],{"class":82},[60,66168,79],{"class":78},[60,66170,88],{"class":74},[60,66172,91],{"class":78},[60,66174,1619],{"class":82},[60,66176,79],{"class":78},[60,66178,88],{"class":74},[60,66180,91],{"class":78},[60,66182,5098],{"class":82},[60,66184,79],{"class":78},[60,66186,108],{"class":74},[60,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66190,65894],{"class":66},[60,66192,71],{"class":70},[60,66194,53831],{"class":66},[60,66196,123],{"class":74},[60,66198,36840],{"class":126},[60,66200,130],{"class":74},[60,66202,79],{"class":78},[60,66204,5098],{"class":82},[60,66206,79],{"class":78},[60,66208,136],{"class":74},[60,66210,66211],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66212,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,66214,66215,66217,66219,66221],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,66216,143],{"class":142},[60,66218,130],{"class":74},[60,66220,65921],{"class":126},[60,66222,136],{"class":74},[20,66224,153],{},[51,66226,66227],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66228,66229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66230,66231],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66232,18050],{"class":1402},[20,66234,66235],{},"In this list:",[33,66237,66238,66245,66252],{},[36,66239,66240,66242,66243],{},[15,66241,58813],{}," is at index ",[15,66244,3137],{},[36,66246,66247,66242,66250],{},[15,66248,66249],{},"\"banana\"",[15,66251,1432],{},[36,66253,66254,66242,66257],{},[15,66255,66256],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,66258,1925],{},[20,66260,54633,66261,3412,66264,123],{},[15,66262,66263],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,66265,1925],{},[20,66267,52522,66268,123],{},[551,66269,66271],{"href":66270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[46,66273,66275],{"id":66274},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,66277,66278,66279,66281],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,66280,59948],{}," returns the first match only.",[51,66283,66285],{"className":53,"code":66284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,66286,66287,66327,66331],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66288,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307,66309,66311,66313,66315,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66290,1070],{"class":66},[60,66292,71],{"class":70},[60,66294,75],{"class":74},[60,66296,79],{"class":78},[60,66298,254],{"class":82},[60,66300,79],{"class":78},[60,66302,88],{"class":74},[60,66304,91],{"class":78},[60,66306,272],{"class":82},[60,66308,79],{"class":78},[60,66310,88],{"class":74},[60,66312,91],{"class":78},[60,66314,254],{"class":82},[60,66316,79],{"class":78},[60,66318,88],{"class":74},[60,66320,91],{"class":78},[60,66322,263],{"class":82},[60,66324,79],{"class":78},[60,66326,108],{"class":74},[60,66328,66329],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66330,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,66332,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66334,143],{"class":142},[60,66336,130],{"class":74},[60,66338,1119],{"class":126},[60,66340,123],{"class":74},[60,66342,36840],{"class":126},[60,66344,130],{"class":74},[60,66346,79],{"class":78},[60,66348,254],{"class":82},[60,66350,79],{"class":78},[60,66352,1042],{"class":74},[20,66354,153],{},[51,66356,66357],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,66358,66359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66360,66361],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66362,48234],{"class":1402},[20,66364,21972,66365,66368,66369,66371],{},[15,66366,66367],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,66370,3137],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,66373,66374,66375,123],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[551,66376,56500,66377,2887],{"href":60007},[15,66378,58270],{},[46,66380,9413,66382,2360,66384],{"id":66381},"using-start-and-end",[15,66383,37062],{},[15,66385,53640],{},[20,66387,66388,66389,2360,66391,66393],{},"The optional ",[15,66390,37062],{},[15,66392,53640],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[51,66395,66397],{"className":53,"code":66396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,66398,66399,66447,66451,66476,66505],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66400,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66402,767],{"class":66},[60,66404,71],{"class":70},[60,66406,75],{"class":74},[60,66408,79],{"class":78},[60,66410,551],{"class":82},[60,66412,79],{"class":78},[60,66414,88],{"class":74},[60,66416,91],{"class":78},[60,66418,2258],{"class":82},[60,66420,79],{"class":78},[60,66422,88],{"class":74},[60,66424,91],{"class":78},[60,66426,1895],{"class":82},[60,66428,79],{"class":78},[60,66430,88],{"class":74},[60,66432,91],{"class":78},[60,66434,2258],{"class":82},[60,66436,79],{"class":78},[60,66438,88],{"class":74},[60,66440,91],{"class":78},[60,66442,19761],{"class":82},[60,66444,79],{"class":78},[60,66446,108],{"class":74},[60,66448,66449],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66450,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,66452,66453,66455,66457,66459,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66454,143],{"class":142},[60,66456,130],{"class":74},[60,66458,843],{"class":126},[60,66460,123],{"class":74},[60,66462,36840],{"class":126},[60,66464,130],{"class":74},[60,66466,79],{"class":78},[60,66468,2258],{"class":82},[60,66470,79],{"class":78},[60,66472,6362],{"class":74},[60,66474,66475],{"class":4674},"        # first match\n",[60,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,66479,143],{"class":142},[60,66481,130],{"class":74},[60,66483,843],{"class":126},[60,66485,123],{"class":74},[60,66487,36840],{"class":126},[60,66489,130],{"class":74},[60,66491,79],{"class":78},[60,66493,2258],{"class":82},[60,66495,79],{"class":78},[60,66497,88],{"class":74},[60,66499,1437],{"class":1402},[60,66501,6362],{"class":74},[60,66503,66504],{"class":4674},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[60,66506,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,66508,143],{"class":142},[60,66510,130],{"class":74},[60,66512,843],{"class":126},[60,66514,123],{"class":74},[60,66516,36840],{"class":126},[60,66518,130],{"class":74},[60,66520,79],{"class":78},[60,66522,2258],{"class":82},[60,66524,79],{"class":78},[60,66526,88],{"class":74},[60,66528,6499],{"class":1402},[60,66530,88],{"class":74},[60,66532,3471],{"class":1402},[60,66534,6362],{"class":74},[60,66536,66537],{"class":4674},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,66539,153],{},[51,66541,66543],{"className":53,"code":66542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,66544,66545,66549,66553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66546,66547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66548,47899],{"class":1402},[60,66550,66551],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66552,47599],{"class":1402},[60,66554,66555],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66556,47899],{"class":1402},[20,66558,66559],{},"How this works:",[33,66561,66562,66574,66587],{},[36,66563,66564,66567,66568,66571,66572],{},[15,66565,66566],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,66569,66570],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,66573,1432],{},[36,66575,66576,66579,66580,66582,66583,66571,66585],{},[15,66577,66578],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,66581,1925],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,66584,66570],{},[15,66586,3079],{},[36,66588,66589,66592,66593,287,66595,18066,66597],{},[15,66590,66591],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,66594,1432],{},[15,66596,1925],{},[15,66598,3079],{},[20,66600,66601],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[46,66603,66605],{"id":66604},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,66607,66608,66609,123],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,66610,41690],{},[20,66612,236],{},[51,66614,66616],{"className":53,"code":66615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,66617,66618,66650],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66619,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66621,664],{"class":66},[60,66623,71],{"class":70},[60,66625,75],{"class":74},[60,66627,79],{"class":78},[60,66629,1604],{"class":82},[60,66631,79],{"class":78},[60,66633,88],{"class":74},[60,66635,91],{"class":78},[60,66637,1619],{"class":82},[60,66639,79],{"class":78},[60,66641,88],{"class":74},[60,66643,91],{"class":78},[60,66645,5098],{"class":82},[60,66647,79],{"class":78},[60,66649,108],{"class":74},[60,66651,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66653,143],{"class":142},[60,66655,130],{"class":74},[60,66657,716],{"class":126},[60,66659,123],{"class":74},[60,66661,36840],{"class":126},[60,66663,130],{"class":74},[60,66665,79],{"class":78},[60,66667,34214],{"class":82},[60,66669,79],{"class":78},[60,66671,1042],{"class":74},[20,66673,40641,66674,66677],{},[15,66675,66676],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,66679,66680],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[51,66682,66684],{"className":53,"code":66683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,66685,66686,66718,66731,66735,66748,66767,66773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66687,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66689,664],{"class":66},[60,66691,71],{"class":70},[60,66693,75],{"class":74},[60,66695,79],{"class":78},[60,66697,1604],{"class":82},[60,66699,79],{"class":78},[60,66701,88],{"class":74},[60,66703,91],{"class":78},[60,66705,1619],{"class":82},[60,66707,79],{"class":78},[60,66709,88],{"class":74},[60,66711,91],{"class":78},[60,66713,5098],{"class":82},[60,66715,79],{"class":78},[60,66717,108],{"class":74},[60,66719,66720,66723,66725,66727,66729],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66721,66722],{"class":66},"search_value ",[60,66724,71],{"class":70},[60,66726,91],{"class":78},[60,66728,34214],{"class":82},[60,66730,2389],{"class":78},[60,66732,66733],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,66734,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,66736,66737,66739,66742,66744,66746],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,66738,7996],{"class":2665},[60,66740,66741],{"class":66}," search_value ",[60,66743,2672],{"class":70},[60,66745,1989],{"class":66},[60,66747,7392],{"class":74},[60,66749,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66765],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,66751,9064],{"class":142},[60,66753,130],{"class":74},[60,66755,716],{"class":126},[60,66757,123],{"class":74},[60,66759,36840],{"class":126},[60,66761,130],{"class":74},[60,66763,66764],{"class":126},"search_value",[60,66766,1042],{"class":74},[60,66768,66769,66771],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,66770,28427],{"class":2665},[60,66772,7392],{"class":74},[60,66774,66775,66777,66779,66781,66784,66786],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,66776,9064],{"class":142},[60,66778,130],{"class":74},[60,66780,79],{"class":78},[60,66782,66783],{"class":82},"Item not found",[60,66785,79],{"class":78},[60,66787,136],{"class":74},[20,66789,153],{},[51,66791,66793],{"className":53,"code":66792,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Item not found\n",[15,66794,66795],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66796,66797,66800,66802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66798,66799],{"class":66},"Item ",[60,66801,5632],{"class":70},[60,66803,66804],{"class":66}," found\n",[20,66806,66807],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66809,66810,66811,123],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[551,66812,66814],{"href":66813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[46,66816,5520],{"id":5519},[20,66818,22206,66819,3901],{},[15,66820,65840],{},[33,66822,66823,66841,66853,66913],{},[36,66824,26767,66825,3412,66827,66830,66831,66833,66834,6161,66836,66838,66839,123],{},[15,66826,59948],{},[15,66828,66829],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10843,66832],{},"\nPython does ",[4753,66835,5632],{},[15,66837,66829],{},". It raises ",[15,66840,41690],{},[36,66842,66843,66844,66846,66849,66850,66852],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10843,66845],{},[15,66847,66848],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66851,66249],{},", not the value itself.",[36,66854,9413,66855,2600,66858,66860,66862,66863,17649,66865,66888,17637,66890],{},[15,66856,66857],{},"index[]",[15,66859,59948],{},[10843,66861],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10843,66864],{},[51,66866,66868],{"className":53,"code":66867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66869,66870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66871,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66873,716],{"class":66},[60,66875,123],{"class":74},[60,66877,36840],{"class":126},[60,66879,130],{"class":74},[60,66881,79],{"class":78},[60,66883,1619],{"class":82},[60,66885,79],{"class":78},[60,66887,136],{"class":74},[10843,66889],{},[51,66891,66893],{"className":53,"code":66892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66894,66895],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66896,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66898,716],{"class":66},[60,66900,123],{"class":74},[60,66902,36840],{"class":25743},[60,66904,353],{"class":74},[60,66906,79],{"class":78},[60,66908,1619],{"class":82},[60,66910,79],{"class":78},[60,66912,108],{"class":74},[36,66914,66915,66916,66918,2360,66921,66923,66924],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10843,66917],{},[15,66919,66920],{},"\"3\"",[15,66922,3079],{}," are different values in Python.",[51,66925,66927],{"className":53,"code":66926,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66928,66929,66949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66930,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66932,4629],{"class":66},[60,66934,71],{"class":70},[60,66936,75],{"class":74},[60,66938,1432],{"class":1402},[60,66940,88],{"class":74},[60,66942,1437],{"class":1402},[60,66944,88],{"class":74},[60,66946,1442],{"class":1402},[60,66948,108],{"class":74},[60,66950,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66952,143],{"class":142},[60,66954,130],{"class":74},[60,66956,79],{"class":78},[60,66958,3079],{"class":82},[60,66960,79],{"class":78},[60,66962,22168],{"class":2665},[60,66964,5264],{"class":126},[60,66966,2662],{"class":74},[60,66968,5773],{"class":4674},[20,66970,66971],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[51,66973,66975],{"className":53,"code":66974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66976,66977,66987,67001,67015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,66980,143],{"class":142},[60,66982,130],{"class":74},[60,66984,9334],{"class":126},[60,66986,136],{"class":74},[60,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,66990,143],{"class":142},[60,66992,130],{"class":74},[60,66994,2629],{"class":1527},[60,66996,130],{"class":74},[60,66998,66764],{"class":126},[60,67000,1042],{"class":74},[60,67002,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67004,143],{"class":142},[60,67006,130],{"class":74},[60,67008,66722],{"class":126},[60,67010,2672],{"class":2665},[60,67012,9391],{"class":126},[60,67014,136],{"class":74},[60,67016,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,67018,143],{"class":142},[60,67020,130],{"class":74},[60,67022,9334],{"class":126},[60,67024,123],{"class":74},[60,67026,36840],{"class":126},[60,67028,130],{"class":74},[60,67030,66764],{"class":126},[60,67032,1042],{"class":74},[20,67034,67035],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,67037,67038],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[33,67040,67041,67044,67051,67057],{},[36,67042,67043],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[36,67045,67046,67047,2600,67049],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,67048,66920],{},[15,67050,3079],{},[36,67052,67053,67054,67056],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,67055,59948],{}," returns only the first one",[36,67058,67059],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[46,67061,5963,67063],{"id":67062},"when-to-use-index",[15,67064,59948],{},[20,67066,171,67067,11598],{},[15,67068,59948],{},[33,67070,67071,67074,67077],{},[36,67072,67073],{},"You need the position of a known value",[36,67075,67076],{},"You are working with a small list",[36,67078,67079],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,67081,67082],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[46,67084,2804],{"id":2803},[415,67086,2846,67088,6145],{"id":67087},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,67089,65840],{},[20,67091,67092],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[415,67094,2808,67096,6161,67098,67100],{"id":67095},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,67097,65840],{},[15,67099,66829],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,67102,67103,67104,2225],{},"No. It raises ",[15,67105,41690],{},[415,67107,6170,67109,67111],{"id":67108},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,67110,65840],{}," find all matching items?",[20,67113,67114],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[415,67116,67118,67119,2863],{"id":67117},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,67120,59948],{},[20,67122,67123,67124,2360,67126,67128],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,67125,37062],{},[15,67127,53640],{}," arguments.",[46,67130,2870],{"id":2869},[33,67132,67133,67137,67141,67145],{},[36,67134,67135],{},[551,67136,59936],{"href":66270},[36,67138,67139],{},[551,67140,53751],{"href":55550},[36,67142,67143],{},[551,67144,66814],{"href":66813},[36,67146,67147],{},[551,67148,56500,67149,2887],{"href":60007},[15,67150,58270],{},[2912,67152,67153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":67155},[67156,67157,67159,67160,67161,67162,67163,67165,67166,67167,67169,67179],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":65937,"depth":111,"text":67158},"What list.index() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":39007,"depth":111,"text":39008},{"id":66145,"depth":111,"text":66146},{"id":66274,"depth":111,"text":66275},{"id":66381,"depth":111,"text":67164},"Using start and end",{"id":66604,"depth":111,"text":66605},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520},{"id":67062,"depth":111,"text":67168},"When to use index()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":67170},[67171,67173,67175,67177],{"id":67087,"depth":139,"text":67172},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":67095,"depth":139,"text":67174},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":67108,"depth":139,"text":67176},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":67117,"depth":139,"text":67178},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65828,"description":67180},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":67187,"title":67188,"body":67189,"description":69131,"extension":2980,"meta":69132,"navigation":304,"path":69133,"seo":69134,"stem":69135,"__hash__":69136},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":67190,"toc":69091},[67191,67196,67201,67204,67213,67270,67276,67281,67285,67299,67305,67307,67330,67347,67349,67410,67412,67444,67457,67459,67462,67562,67564,67642,67648,67652,67660,67664,67670,67725,67727,67751,67755,67758,67811,67813,67837,67841,67844,67897,67899,67923,67927,67933,68004,68006,68047,68053,68060,68063,68068,68076,68081,68089,68091,68188,68190,68259,68266,68271,68273,68277,68282,68284,68355,68357,68386,68392,68394,68421,68424,68447,68451,68454,68476,68479,68502,68504,68564,68566,68598,68604,68609,68662,68664,68689,68692,68741,68743,68764,68768,68773,68776,68831,68833,68860,68867,68871,68876,68947,68950,68964,68969,68974,68976,68990,69002,69007,69009,69014,69019,69023,69026,69032,69038,69045,69053,69055,69088],[10,67192,55322,67194,18],{"id":67193},"python-list-insert-method",[15,67195,55248],{},[20,67197,67198,67200],{},[15,67199,54891],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,67202,67203],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,67205,171,67206,67208,67209,123],{},[15,67207,55248],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[551,67210,56500,67211,2887],{"href":57749},[15,67212,53632],{},[51,67214,67216],{"className":53,"code":67215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,67217,67218,67238,67256,67266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67221,4629],{"class":66},[60,67223,71],{"class":70},[60,67225,75],{"class":74},[60,67227,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67229,88],{"class":74},[60,67231,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67233,88],{"class":74},[60,67235,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67237,108],{"class":74},[60,67239,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67241,4659],{"class":66},[60,67243,123],{"class":74},[60,67245,54931],{"class":126},[60,67247,130],{"class":74},[60,67249,1925],{"class":1402},[60,67251,88],{"class":74},[60,67253,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67255,136],{"class":74},[60,67257,67258,67260,67262,67264],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67259,143],{"class":142},[60,67261,130],{"class":74},[60,67263,4659],{"class":126},[60,67265,136],{"class":74},[60,67267,67268],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,67269,53703],{"class":4674},[20,67271,171,67272,67275],{},[15,67273,67274],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[46,67277,178,67279,181],{"id":67278},"what-listinsert-does",[15,67280,54891],{},[20,67282,67283,3901],{},[15,67284,54891],{},[33,67286,67287,67290,67293,67295],{},[36,67288,67289],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[36,67291,67292],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[36,67294,55408],{},[36,67296,12419,67297],{},[15,67298,1585],{},[20,67300,67301,67302,67304],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,67303,55248],{}," does not create a new list.",[46,67306,6432],{"id":6431},[51,67308,67310],{"className":53,"code":67309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,67311,67312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67313,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67315,9334],{"class":66},[60,67317,123],{"class":74},[60,67319,54931],{"class":126},[60,67321,130],{"class":74},[60,67323,36840],{"class":126},[60,67325,88],{"class":74},[60,67327,30500],{"class":126},[60,67329,136],{"class":74},[33,67331,67332,67337,67342],{},[36,67333,67334,67336],{},[15,67335,36840],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[36,67338,67339,67341],{},[15,67340,2659],{}," is the value to add",[36,67343,67344,67345],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,67346,3137],{},[20,67348,236],{},[51,67350,67352],{"className":53,"code":67351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67353,67354,67378,67400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67355,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67357,767],{"class":66},[60,67359,71],{"class":70},[60,67361,75],{"class":74},[60,67363,79],{"class":78},[60,67365,551],{"class":82},[60,67367,79],{"class":78},[60,67369,88],{"class":74},[60,67371,91],{"class":78},[60,67373,1895],{"class":82},[60,67375,79],{"class":78},[60,67377,108],{"class":74},[60,67379,67380,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67381,843],{"class":66},[60,67383,123],{"class":74},[60,67385,54931],{"class":126},[60,67387,130],{"class":74},[60,67389,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67391,88],{"class":74},[60,67393,91],{"class":78},[60,67395,2258],{"class":82},[60,67397,79],{"class":78},[60,67399,136],{"class":74},[60,67401,67402,67404,67406,67408],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67403,143],{"class":142},[60,67405,130],{"class":74},[60,67407,843],{"class":126},[60,67409,136],{"class":74},[20,67411,153],{},[51,67413,67414],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67415,67416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67417,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67419,353],{"class":74},[60,67421,356],{"class":78},[60,67423,551],{"class":82},[60,67425,356],{"class":78},[60,67427,88],{"class":74},[60,67429,365],{"class":78},[60,67431,2258],{"class":82},[60,67433,356],{"class":78},[60,67435,88],{"class":74},[60,67437,365],{"class":78},[60,67439,1895],{"class":82},[60,67441,356],{"class":78},[60,67443,108],{"class":74},[20,67445,21765,67446,67448,67449,67451,67452,2360,67454,123],{},[15,67447,66570],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,67450,1432],{},", so it appears between ",[15,67453,19089],{},[15,67455,67456],{},"\"c\"",[46,67458,6789],{"id":6788},[20,67460,67461],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[51,67463,67465],{"className":53,"code":67464,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,67466,67467,67499,67517,67521,67543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67470,1070],{"class":66},[60,67472,71],{"class":70},[60,67474,75],{"class":74},[60,67476,79],{"class":78},[60,67478,254],{"class":82},[60,67480,79],{"class":78},[60,67482,88],{"class":74},[60,67484,91],{"class":78},[60,67486,272],{"class":82},[60,67488,79],{"class":78},[60,67490,88],{"class":74},[60,67492,91],{"class":78},[60,67494,263],{"class":82},[60,67496,79],{"class":78},[60,67498,108],{"class":74},[60,67500,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67502,143],{"class":142},[60,67504,130],{"class":74},[60,67506,79],{"class":78},[60,67508,12559],{"class":82},[60,67510,79],{"class":78},[60,67512,88],{"class":74},[60,67514,14115],{"class":126},[60,67516,136],{"class":74},[60,67518,67519],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67520,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,67524,1119],{"class":66},[60,67526,123],{"class":74},[60,67528,54931],{"class":126},[60,67530,130],{"class":74},[60,67532,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67534,88],{"class":74},[60,67536,91],{"class":78},[60,67538,23517],{"class":82},[60,67540,79],{"class":78},[60,67542,136],{"class":74},[60,67544,67545,67547,67549,67551,67554,67556,67558,67560],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,67546,143],{"class":142},[60,67548,130],{"class":74},[60,67550,79],{"class":78},[60,67552,67553],{"class":82},"After: ",[60,67555,79],{"class":78},[60,67557,88],{"class":74},[60,67559,14115],{"class":126},[60,67561,136],{"class":74},[20,67563,153],{},[51,67565,67567],{"className":53,"code":67566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,67568,67569,67601],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67570,67571,67573,67575,67577,67579,67581,67583,67585,67587,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67572,12619],{"class":66},[60,67574,3901],{"class":74},[60,67576,75],{"class":74},[60,67578,356],{"class":78},[60,67580,254],{"class":82},[60,67582,356],{"class":78},[60,67584,88],{"class":74},[60,67586,365],{"class":78},[60,67588,272],{"class":82},[60,67590,356],{"class":78},[60,67592,88],{"class":74},[60,67594,365],{"class":78},[60,67596,263],{"class":82},[60,67598,356],{"class":78},[60,67600,108],{"class":74},[60,67602,67603,67605,67607,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67604,12672],{"class":66},[60,67606,3901],{"class":74},[60,67608,67609],{"class":74},"  [",[60,67611,356],{"class":78},[60,67613,254],{"class":82},[60,67615,356],{"class":78},[60,67617,88],{"class":74},[60,67619,365],{"class":78},[60,67621,23517],{"class":82},[60,67623,356],{"class":78},[60,67625,88],{"class":74},[60,67627,365],{"class":78},[60,67629,272],{"class":82},[60,67631,356],{"class":78},[60,67633,88],{"class":74},[60,67635,365],{"class":78},[60,67637,263],{"class":82},[60,67639,356],{"class":78},[60,67641,108],{"class":74},[20,67643,67644,67645,67647],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,67646,1432],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[46,67649,67651],{"id":67650},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,67653,2997,67654,36323,67656,67659],{},[15,67655,36840],{},[15,67657,67658],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[415,67661,67663],{"id":67662},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,67665,67666,67667,67669],{},"Use index ",[15,67668,3137],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[51,67671,67673],{"className":53,"code":67672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67674,67675,67696,67715],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67676,67677,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67678,67679],{"class":66},"nums ",[60,67681,71],{"class":70},[60,67683,75],{"class":74},[60,67685,1925],{"class":1402},[60,67687,88],{"class":74},[60,67689,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67691,88],{"class":74},[60,67693,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67695,108],{"class":74},[60,67697,67698,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67699,67700],{"class":66},"nums",[60,67702,123],{"class":74},[60,67704,54931],{"class":126},[60,67706,130],{"class":74},[60,67708,3137],{"class":1402},[60,67710,88],{"class":74},[60,67712,6499],{"class":1402},[60,67714,136],{"class":74},[60,67716,67717,67719,67721,67723],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67718,143],{"class":142},[60,67720,130],{"class":74},[60,67722,67700],{"class":126},[60,67724,136],{"class":74},[20,67726,153],{},[51,67728,67729],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67730,67731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67732,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747,67749],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67734,353],{"class":74},[60,67736,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67738,88],{"class":74},[60,67740,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67742,88],{"class":74},[60,67744,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67746,88],{"class":74},[60,67748,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67750,108],{"class":74},[415,67752,67754],{"id":67753},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,67756,67757],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[51,67759,67761],{"className":53,"code":67760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67762,67763,67783,67801],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67764,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67766,67679],{"class":66},[60,67768,71],{"class":70},[60,67770,75],{"class":74},[60,67772,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67774,88],{"class":74},[60,67776,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67778,88],{"class":74},[60,67780,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67782,108],{"class":74},[60,67784,67785,67787,67789,67791,67793,67795,67797,67799],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67786,67700],{"class":66},[60,67788,123],{"class":74},[60,67790,54931],{"class":126},[60,67792,130],{"class":74},[60,67794,1925],{"class":1402},[60,67796,88],{"class":74},[60,67798,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67800,136],{"class":74},[60,67802,67803,67805,67807,67809],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67804,143],{"class":142},[60,67806,130],{"class":74},[60,67808,67700],{"class":126},[60,67810,136],{"class":74},[20,67812,153],{},[51,67814,67815],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67816,67817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67818,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67820,353],{"class":74},[60,67822,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67824,88],{"class":74},[60,67826,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67828,88],{"class":74},[60,67830,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67832,88],{"class":74},[60,67834,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67836,108],{"class":74},[415,67838,67840],{"id":67839},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67842,67843],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[51,67845,67847],{"className":53,"code":67846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67848,67849,67869,67887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67850,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67852,67679],{"class":66},[60,67854,71],{"class":70},[60,67856,75],{"class":74},[60,67858,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67860,88],{"class":74},[60,67862,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67864,88],{"class":74},[60,67866,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67868,108],{"class":74},[60,67870,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67872,67700],{"class":66},[60,67874,123],{"class":74},[60,67876,54931],{"class":126},[60,67878,130],{"class":74},[60,67880,1345],{"class":1402},[60,67882,88],{"class":74},[60,67884,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67886,136],{"class":74},[60,67888,67889,67891,67893,67895],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67890,143],{"class":142},[60,67892,130],{"class":74},[60,67894,67700],{"class":126},[60,67896,136],{"class":74},[20,67898,153],{},[51,67900,67901],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,67902,67903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67904,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67906,353],{"class":74},[60,67908,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67910,88],{"class":74},[60,67912,1437],{"class":1402},[60,67914,88],{"class":74},[60,67916,1442],{"class":1402},[60,67918,88],{"class":74},[60,67920,3471],{"class":1402},[60,67922,108],{"class":74},[415,67924,67926],{"id":67925},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67928,67929,67930,67932],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67931,55248],{}," places the item before that position.",[51,67934,67936],{"className":53,"code":67935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67937,67938,67970,67994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,67939,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,67941,767],{"class":66},[60,67943,71],{"class":70},[60,67945,75],{"class":74},[60,67947,79],{"class":78},[60,67949,551],{"class":82},[60,67951,79],{"class":78},[60,67953,88],{"class":74},[60,67955,91],{"class":78},[60,67957,2258],{"class":82},[60,67959,79],{"class":78},[60,67961,88],{"class":74},[60,67963,91],{"class":78},[60,67965,19761],{"class":82},[60,67967,79],{"class":78},[60,67969,108],{"class":74},[60,67971,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980,67982,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,67973,843],{"class":66},[60,67975,123],{"class":74},[60,67977,54931],{"class":126},[60,67979,130],{"class":74},[60,67981,929],{"class":70},[60,67983,1432],{"class":1402},[60,67985,88],{"class":74},[60,67987,91],{"class":78},[60,67989,1895],{"class":82},[60,67991,79],{"class":78},[60,67993,136],{"class":74},[60,67995,67996,67998,68000,68002],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,67997,143],{"class":142},[60,67999,130],{"class":74},[60,68001,843],{"class":126},[60,68003,136],{"class":74},[20,68005,153],{},[51,68007,68009],{"className":53,"code":68008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,68010,68011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68012,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68014,353],{"class":74},[60,68016,356],{"class":78},[60,68018,551],{"class":82},[60,68020,356],{"class":78},[60,68022,88],{"class":74},[60,68024,365],{"class":78},[60,68026,2258],{"class":82},[60,68028,356],{"class":78},[60,68030,88],{"class":74},[60,68032,365],{"class":78},[60,68034,1895],{"class":82},[60,68036,356],{"class":78},[60,68038,88],{"class":74},[60,68040,365],{"class":78},[60,68042,19761],{"class":82},[60,68044,356],{"class":78},[60,68046,108],{"class":74},[20,68048,68049,68050,3319],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[551,68051,68052],{"href":51958},"Python lists beginner guide",[46,68054,68056,11583,68058],{"id":68055},"insert-vs-append",[15,68057,55248],{},[15,68059,53632],{},[20,68061,68062],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[415,68064,171,68066,11598],{"id":68065},"use-insert-when",[15,68067,55248],{},[33,68069,68070,68073],{},[36,68071,68072],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[36,68074,68075],{},"The order of the list matters",[415,68077,171,68079,11598],{"id":68078},"use-append-when",[15,68080,53632],{},[33,68082,68083,68086],{},[36,68084,68085],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[36,68087,68088],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,68090,236],{},[51,68092,68094],{"className":53,"code":68093,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,68095,68096,68120,68124,68146,68156,68160,68178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68097,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68099,664],{"class":66},[60,68101,71],{"class":70},[60,68103,75],{"class":74},[60,68105,79],{"class":78},[60,68107,1604],{"class":82},[60,68109,79],{"class":78},[60,68111,88],{"class":74},[60,68113,91],{"class":78},[60,68115,34214],{"class":82},[60,68117,79],{"class":78},[60,68119,108],{"class":74},[60,68121,68122],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68123,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,68125,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68127,716],{"class":66},[60,68129,123],{"class":74},[60,68131,54931],{"class":126},[60,68133,130],{"class":74},[60,68135,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68137,88],{"class":74},[60,68139,91],{"class":78},[60,68141,1619],{"class":82},[60,68143,79],{"class":78},[60,68145,136],{"class":74},[60,68147,68148,68150,68152,68154],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,68149,143],{"class":142},[60,68151,130],{"class":74},[60,68153,716],{"class":126},[60,68155,136],{"class":74},[60,68157,68158],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,68159,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,68161,68162,68164,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,68163,716],{"class":66},[60,68165,123],{"class":74},[60,68167,14545],{"class":126},[60,68169,130],{"class":74},[60,68171,79],{"class":78},[60,68173,23526],{"class":82},[60,68175,79],{"class":78},[60,68177,136],{"class":74},[60,68179,68180,68182,68184,68186],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,68181,143],{"class":142},[60,68183,130],{"class":74},[60,68185,716],{"class":126},[60,68187,136],{"class":74},[20,68189,153],{},[51,68191,68193],{"className":53,"code":68192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,68194,68195,68223],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68196,68197,68199,68201,68203,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68198,353],{"class":74},[60,68200,356],{"class":78},[60,68202,1604],{"class":82},[60,68204,356],{"class":78},[60,68206,88],{"class":74},[60,68208,365],{"class":78},[60,68210,1619],{"class":82},[60,68212,356],{"class":78},[60,68214,88],{"class":74},[60,68216,365],{"class":78},[60,68218,34214],{"class":82},[60,68220,356],{"class":78},[60,68222,108],{"class":74},[60,68224,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68226,353],{"class":74},[60,68228,356],{"class":78},[60,68230,1604],{"class":82},[60,68232,356],{"class":78},[60,68234,88],{"class":74},[60,68236,365],{"class":78},[60,68238,1619],{"class":82},[60,68240,356],{"class":78},[60,68242,88],{"class":74},[60,68244,365],{"class":78},[60,68246,34214],{"class":82},[60,68248,356],{"class":78},[60,68250,88],{"class":74},[60,68252,365],{"class":78},[60,68254,23526],{"class":82},[60,68256,356],{"class":78},[60,68258,108],{"class":74},[20,68260,68261,68262,123],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[551,68263,56500,68264,2887],{"href":57749},[15,68265,53632],{},[20,68267,68268,68269,123],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[551,68270,54029],{"href":54028},[46,68272,5520],{"id":5519},[20,68274,15726,68275,123],{},[15,68276,55248],{},[415,68278,13589,68280],{"id":68279},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,68281,55248],{},[20,68283,26683],{},[51,68285,68287],{"className":53,"code":68286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68288,68289,68309,68331,68335,68345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68290,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68292,4629],{"class":66},[60,68294,71],{"class":70},[60,68296,75],{"class":74},[60,68298,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68300,88],{"class":74},[60,68302,1437],{"class":1402},[60,68304,88],{"class":74},[60,68306,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68308,108],{"class":74},[60,68310,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68312,114],{"class":66},[60,68314,71],{"class":70},[60,68316,5264],{"class":66},[60,68318,123],{"class":74},[60,68320,54931],{"class":126},[60,68322,130],{"class":74},[60,68324,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68326,88],{"class":74},[60,68328,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68330,136],{"class":74},[60,68332,68333],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68334,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,68336,68337,68339,68341,68343],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,68338,143],{"class":142},[60,68340,130],{"class":74},[60,68342,148],{"class":126},[60,68344,136],{"class":74},[60,68346,68347,68349,68351,68353],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,68348,143],{"class":142},[60,68350,130],{"class":74},[60,68352,4659],{"class":126},[60,68354,136],{"class":74},[20,68356,153],{},[51,68358,68360],{"className":53,"code":68359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68361,68362,68366],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68363,68364],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68365,12803],{"class":1611},[60,68367,68368,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68369,353],{"class":74},[60,68371,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68373,88],{"class":74},[60,68375,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68377,88],{"class":74},[60,68379,1437],{"class":1402},[60,68381,88],{"class":74},[60,68383,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68385,108],{"class":74},[20,68387,68388,55133,68390,123],{},[15,68389,55248],{},[15,68391,1585],{},[20,68393,17637],{},[51,68395,68397],{"className":53,"code":68396,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68398,68399],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68400,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409,68411,68413,68415,68417,68419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68402,56870],{"class":66},[60,68404,71],{"class":70},[60,68406,5264],{"class":66},[60,68408,123],{"class":74},[60,68410,54931],{"class":126},[60,68412,130],{"class":74},[60,68414,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68416,88],{"class":74},[60,68418,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68420,136],{"class":74},[20,68422,68423],{},"Right:",[51,68425,68427],{"className":53,"code":68426,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,68428,68429],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68432,4659],{"class":66},[60,68434,123],{"class":74},[60,68436,54931],{"class":126},[60,68438,130],{"class":74},[60,68440,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68442,88],{"class":74},[60,68444,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68446,136],{"class":74},[415,68448,68450],{"id":68449},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,68452,68453],{},"The correct order is:",[51,68455,68456],{"className":53,"code":67309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68457,68458],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68459,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468,68470,68472,68474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68461,9334],{"class":66},[60,68463,123],{"class":74},[60,68465,54931],{"class":126},[60,68467,130],{"class":74},[60,68469,36840],{"class":126},[60,68471,88],{"class":74},[60,68473,30500],{"class":126},[60,68475,136],{"class":74},[20,68477,68478],{},"Not:",[51,68480,68482],{"className":53,"code":68481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,68483,68484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68487,9334],{"class":66},[60,68489,123],{"class":74},[60,68491,54931],{"class":126},[60,68493,130],{"class":74},[60,68495,2659],{"class":126},[60,68497,88],{"class":74},[60,68499,36815],{"class":126},[60,68501,136],{"class":74},[20,68503,236],{},[51,68505,68506],{"className":53,"code":67351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68507,68508,68532,68554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68509,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528,68530],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68511,767],{"class":66},[60,68513,71],{"class":70},[60,68515,75],{"class":74},[60,68517,79],{"class":78},[60,68519,551],{"class":82},[60,68521,79],{"class":78},[60,68523,88],{"class":74},[60,68525,91],{"class":78},[60,68527,1895],{"class":82},[60,68529,79],{"class":78},[60,68531,108],{"class":74},[60,68533,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68535,843],{"class":66},[60,68537,123],{"class":74},[60,68539,54931],{"class":126},[60,68541,130],{"class":74},[60,68543,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68545,88],{"class":74},[60,68547,91],{"class":78},[60,68549,2258],{"class":82},[60,68551,79],{"class":78},[60,68553,136],{"class":74},[60,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68557,143],{"class":142},[60,68559,130],{"class":74},[60,68561,843],{"class":126},[60,68563,136],{"class":74},[20,68565,153],{},[51,68567,68568],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,68569,68570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68571,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68573,353],{"class":74},[60,68575,356],{"class":78},[60,68577,551],{"class":82},[60,68579,356],{"class":78},[60,68581,88],{"class":74},[60,68583,365],{"class":78},[60,68585,2258],{"class":82},[60,68587,356],{"class":78},[60,68589,88],{"class":74},[60,68591,365],{"class":78},[60,68593,1895],{"class":82},[60,68595,356],{"class":78},[60,68597,108],{"class":74},[415,68599,9449,68601,68603],{"id":68600},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,68602,55248],{}," to replace an item",[20,68605,68606,68608],{},[15,68607,55248],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[51,68610,68612],{"className":53,"code":68611,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68613,68614,68634,68652],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68615,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68617,4629],{"class":66},[60,68619,71],{"class":70},[60,68621,75],{"class":74},[60,68623,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68625,88],{"class":74},[60,68627,1437],{"class":1402},[60,68629,88],{"class":74},[60,68631,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68633,108],{"class":74},[60,68635,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68637,4659],{"class":66},[60,68639,123],{"class":74},[60,68641,54931],{"class":126},[60,68643,130],{"class":74},[60,68645,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68647,88],{"class":74},[60,68649,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68651,136],{"class":74},[60,68653,68654,68656,68658,68660],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68655,143],{"class":142},[60,68657,130],{"class":74},[60,68659,4659],{"class":126},[60,68661,136],{"class":74},[20,68663,153],{},[51,68665,68667],{"className":53,"code":68666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,68668,68669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68670,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68672,353],{"class":74},[60,68674,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68676,88],{"class":74},[60,68678,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68680,88],{"class":74},[60,68682,1437],{"class":1402},[60,68684,88],{"class":74},[60,68686,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68688,108],{"class":74},[20,68690,68691],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[51,68693,68695],{"className":53,"code":68694,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68696,68697,68717,68731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68698,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68700,4629],{"class":66},[60,68702,71],{"class":70},[60,68704,75],{"class":74},[60,68706,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68708,88],{"class":74},[60,68710,1437],{"class":1402},[60,68712,88],{"class":74},[60,68714,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68716,108],{"class":74},[60,68718,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68720,4659],{"class":66},[60,68722,353],{"class":74},[60,68724,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68726,14265],{"class":74},[60,68728,14268],{"class":70},[60,68730,15123],{"class":1402},[60,68732,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68734,143],{"class":142},[60,68736,130],{"class":74},[60,68738,4659],{"class":126},[60,68740,136],{"class":74},[20,68742,153],{},[51,68744,68746],{"className":53,"code":68745,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,68747,68748],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68749,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68751,353],{"class":74},[60,68753,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68755,88],{"class":74},[60,68757,11194],{"class":1402},[60,68759,88],{"class":74},[60,68761,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68763,108],{"class":74},[415,68765,68767],{"id":68766},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68769,68770,68772],{},[15,68771,55248],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68774,68775],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[51,68777,68779],{"className":53,"code":68778,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68780,68781,68797,68821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68784,4629],{"class":66},[60,68786,71],{"class":70},[60,68788,75],{"class":74},[60,68790,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68792,88],{"class":74},[60,68794,3471],{"class":1402},[60,68796,108],{"class":74},[60,68798,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68800,4659],{"class":66},[60,68802,123],{"class":74},[60,68804,54931],{"class":126},[60,68806,130],{"class":74},[60,68808,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68810,88],{"class":74},[60,68812,75],{"class":74},[60,68814,1925],{"class":1402},[60,68816,88],{"class":74},[60,68818,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68820,2677],{"class":74},[60,68822,68823,68825,68827,68829],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68824,143],{"class":142},[60,68826,130],{"class":74},[60,68828,4659],{"class":126},[60,68830,136],{"class":74},[20,68832,153],{},[51,68834,68836],{"className":53,"code":68835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68837,68838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68839,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68841,353],{"class":74},[60,68843,1432],{"class":1402},[60,68845,88],{"class":74},[60,68847,75],{"class":74},[60,68849,1925],{"class":1402},[60,68851,88],{"class":74},[60,68853,1442],{"class":1402},[60,68855,19055],{"class":74},[60,68857,3471],{"class":1402},[60,68859,108],{"class":74},[20,68861,68862,68863,123],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[551,68864,56500,68865,2887],{"href":54324},[15,68866,54426],{},[415,68868,68870],{"id":68869},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68872,2580,68873,68875],{},[15,68874,55248],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[51,68877,68879],{"className":53,"code":68878,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68880,68881,68891,68905,68923,68937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,68882,68883,68885,68887,68889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,68884,143],{"class":142},[60,68886,130],{"class":74},[60,68888,9334],{"class":126},[60,68890,136],{"class":74},[60,68892,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,68894,143],{"class":142},[60,68896,130],{"class":74},[60,68898,12157],{"class":142},[60,68900,130],{"class":74},[60,68902,9334],{"class":126},[60,68904,1042],{"class":74},[60,68906,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,68908,143],{"class":142},[60,68910,130],{"class":74},[60,68912,9334],{"class":126},[60,68914,123],{"class":74},[60,68916,54931],{"class":25743},[60,68918,123],{"class":74},[60,68920,35440],{"class":1313},[60,68922,136],{"class":74},[60,68924,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,68926,33145],{"class":142},[60,68928,130],{"class":74},[60,68930,9089],{"class":1527},[60,68932,123],{"class":74},[60,68934,54931],{"class":25743},[60,68936,136],{"class":74},[60,68938,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,68940,2629],{"class":1527},[60,68942,130],{"class":74},[60,68944,9334],{"class":126},[60,68946,136],{"class":74},[20,68948,68949],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[33,68951,68952,68955,68958,68961],{},[36,68953,68954],{},"What is currently in the list",[36,68956,68957],{},"How long the list is",[36,68959,68960],{},"That you are working with a real list",[36,68962,68963],{},"How Python describes the method",[46,68965,5963,68967],{"id":68966},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68968,55248],{},[20,68970,171,68971,68973],{},[15,68972,55248],{}," when position matters.",[20,68975,37414],{},[33,68977,68978,68981,68984,68987],{},[36,68979,68980],{},"Ordered menus",[36,68982,68983],{},"Rankings or score lists",[36,68985,68986],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[36,68988,68989],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68991,68992,68993,68995,68996,68998,68999,69001],{},"You usually do ",[4753,68994,5632],{}," need ",[15,68997,55248],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,69000,53632],{}," is simpler.",[20,69003,69004,69005,123],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[551,69006,58135],{"href":58134},[46,69008,2804],{"id":2803},[415,69010,2808,69012,56449],{"id":69011},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,69013,54891],{},[20,69015,69016,69017,123],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,69018,1585],{},[415,69020,69022],{"id":69021},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,69024,69025],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[415,69027,6170,69029,69031],{"id":69028},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,69030,54891],{}," add multiple items?",[20,69033,69034,69035,69037],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,69036,54426],{}," or slicing.",[415,69039,6180,69041,2360,69043,2863],{"id":69040},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,69042,55248],{},[15,69044,53632],{},[20,69046,69047,69049,69050,69052],{},[15,69048,55248],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,69051,53632],{}," adds only at the end.",[46,69054,2870],{"id":2869},[33,69056,69057,69063,69069,69073,69077,69081],{},[36,69058,69059],{},[551,69060,56500,69061,2887],{"href":57749},[15,69062,53632],{},[36,69064,69065],{},[551,69066,56500,69067,2887],{"href":54324},[15,69068,54426],{},[36,69070,69071],{},[551,69072,55258],{"href":54028},[36,69074,69075],{},[551,69076,53751],{"href":51958},[36,69078,69079],{},[551,69080,58208],{"href":58134},[36,69082,69083],{},[551,69084,2898,69085,34627],{"href":55276},[15,69086,69087],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2912,69089,69090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":69092},[69093,69095,69096,69097,69103,69110,69119,69121,69130],{"id":67278,"depth":111,"text":69094},"What list.insert() does",{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432},{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":67650,"depth":111,"text":67651,"children":69098},[69099,69100,69101,69102],{"id":67662,"depth":139,"text":67663},{"id":67753,"depth":139,"text":67754},{"id":67839,"depth":139,"text":67840},{"id":67925,"depth":139,"text":67926},{"id":68055,"depth":111,"text":69104,"children":69105},"insert() vs append()",[69106,69108],{"id":68065,"depth":139,"text":69107},"Use insert() when:",{"id":68078,"depth":139,"text":69109},"Use append() when:",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":69111},[69112,69114,69115,69117,69118],{"id":68279,"depth":139,"text":69113},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":68449,"depth":139,"text":68450},{"id":68600,"depth":139,"text":69116},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68766,"depth":139,"text":68767},{"id":68869,"depth":139,"text":68870},{"id":68966,"depth":111,"text":69120},"When to use insert()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":69122},[69123,69125,69126,69128],{"id":69011,"depth":139,"text":69124},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":69021,"depth":139,"text":69022},{"id":69028,"depth":139,"text":69127},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":69040,"depth":139,"text":69129},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":67188,"description":69131},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":69138,"title":69139,"body":69140,"description":70695,"extension":2980,"meta":70696,"navigation":304,"path":59953,"seo":70697,"stem":70698,"__hash__":70699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":69141,"toc":70668},[69142,69148,69157,69206,69208,69216,69222,69224,69242,69248,69253,69256,69259,69274,69276,69328,69330,69338,69346,69353,69355,69361,69426,69428,69436,69438,69457,69460,69511,69515,69520,69547,69549,69557,69560,69629,69631,69646,69652,69656,69665,69668,69723,69725,69733,69736,69738,69783,69785,69793,69799,69801,69809,69812,69814,69853,69855,69894,69899,69901,69903,69938,69941,69943,69981,69985,69991,69993,70044,70046,70054,70061,70064,70085,70088,70143,70154,70156,70217,70219,70228,70235,70241,70244,70247,70304,70307,70320,70327,70333,70339,70341,70354,70357,70454,70456,70473,70476,70558,70560,70582,70589,70595,70597,70601,70607,70613,70618,70622,70625,70631,70638,70640,70665],[10,69143,69145,69146,2662],{"id":69144},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,69147,12157],{},[20,69149,69150,69151,69153,69154,69156],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,69152,43346],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,69155,43346],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[51,69158,69160],{"className":53,"code":69159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,69161,69162,69182,69196],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69163,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69165,4629],{"class":66},[60,69167,71],{"class":70},[60,69169,75],{"class":74},[60,69171,1345],{"class":1402},[60,69173,88],{"class":74},[60,69175,1407],{"class":1402},[60,69177,88],{"class":74},[60,69179,8791],{"class":1402},[60,69181,108],{"class":74},[60,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69185,42228],{"class":66},[60,69187,71],{"class":70},[60,69189,39374],{"class":142},[60,69191,130],{"class":74},[60,69193,4659],{"class":126},[60,69195,136],{"class":74},[60,69197,69198,69200,69202,69204],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,69199,143],{"class":142},[60,69201,130],{"class":74},[60,69203,42246],{"class":126},[60,69205,136],{"class":74},[20,69207,153],{},[51,69209,69210],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69211,69212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69213,69214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69215,47599],{"class":1402},[20,69217,171,69218,69221],{},[15,69219,69220],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[46,69223,16156],{"id":16155},[33,69225,69226,69231,69236,69239],{},[36,69227,5199,69228,69230],{},[15,69229,43346],{}," works with Python lists",[36,69232,69233,69234,12701],{},"What value ",[15,69235,43346],{},[36,69237,69238],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[36,69240,69241],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[46,69243,178,69245,69247],{"id":69244},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,69246,43346],{}," returns for a list",[20,69249,69250,66060],{},[15,69251,69252],{},"len(my_list)",[20,69254,69255],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,69257,69258],{},"A few important points:",[33,69260,69261,69264,69269],{},[36,69262,69263],{},"It counts list items",[36,69265,41892,69266,69268],{},[4753,69267,5632],{}," count characters inside a string item",[36,69270,69271,69272],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,69273,3137],{},[20,69275,236],{},[51,69277,69279],{"className":53,"code":69278,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,69280,69281,69314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69282,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69302,69304,69306,69308,69310,69312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69284,67],{"class":66},[60,69286,71],{"class":70},[60,69288,75],{"class":74},[60,69290,79],{"class":78},[60,69292,38035],{"class":82},[60,69294,79],{"class":78},[60,69296,88],{"class":74},[60,69298,91],{"class":78},[60,69300,69301],{"class":82},"elephant",[60,69303,79],{"class":78},[60,69305,88],{"class":74},[60,69307,91],{"class":78},[60,69309,59107],{"class":82},[60,69311,79],{"class":78},[60,69313,108],{"class":74},[60,69315,69316,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69317,143],{"class":142},[60,69319,130],{"class":74},[60,69321,12157],{"class":142},[60,69323,130],{"class":74},[60,69325,133],{"class":126},[60,69327,1042],{"class":74},[20,69329,153],{},[51,69331,69332],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69333,69334],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69335,69336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69337,47599],{"class":1402},[20,69339,21972,69340,69343,69344,66067],{},[15,69341,69342],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[4753,69345,53636],{},[20,69347,69348,69349,123],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[551,69350,163,69351,1579],{"href":43343},[15,69352,43346],{},[46,69354,6789],{"id":6788},[20,69356,69357,69358,69360],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,69359,43346],{},", and print the result.",[51,69362,69364],{"className":53,"code":69363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,69365,69366,69398,69412,69416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69367,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69369,1070],{"class":66},[60,69371,71],{"class":70},[60,69373,75],{"class":74},[60,69375,79],{"class":78},[60,69377,254],{"class":82},[60,69379,79],{"class":78},[60,69381,88],{"class":74},[60,69383,91],{"class":78},[60,69385,263],{"class":82},[60,69387,79],{"class":78},[60,69389,88],{"class":74},[60,69391,91],{"class":78},[60,69393,272],{"class":82},[60,69395,79],{"class":78},[60,69397,108],{"class":74},[60,69399,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69401,42228],{"class":66},[60,69403,71],{"class":70},[60,69405,39374],{"class":142},[60,69407,130],{"class":74},[60,69409,1119],{"class":126},[60,69411,136],{"class":74},[60,69413,69414],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,69415,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,69417,69418,69420,69422,69424],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,69419,143],{"class":142},[60,69421,130],{"class":74},[60,69423,42246],{"class":126},[60,69425,136],{"class":74},[20,69427,153],{},[51,69429,69430],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69431,69432],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69433,69434],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69435,47599],{"class":1402},[20,69437,12679],{},[33,69439,69440,69445,69452],{},[36,69441,69442,69444],{},[15,69443,1119],{}," is a list with 3 items",[36,69446,69447,3412,69450],{},[15,69448,69449],{},"len(colors)",[15,69451,3079],{},[36,69453,69454,69455],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,69456,42246],{},[20,69458,69459],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[51,69461,69463],{"className":53,"code":69462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,69464,69465,69497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69466,69467,69469,69471,69473,69475,69477,69479,69481,69483,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69468,1070],{"class":66},[60,69470,71],{"class":70},[60,69472,75],{"class":74},[60,69474,79],{"class":78},[60,69476,254],{"class":82},[60,69478,79],{"class":78},[60,69480,88],{"class":74},[60,69482,91],{"class":78},[60,69484,263],{"class":82},[60,69486,79],{"class":78},[60,69488,88],{"class":74},[60,69490,91],{"class":78},[60,69492,272],{"class":82},[60,69494,79],{"class":78},[60,69496,108],{"class":74},[60,69498,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69500,143],{"class":142},[60,69502,130],{"class":74},[60,69504,12157],{"class":142},[60,69506,130],{"class":74},[60,69508,1119],{"class":126},[60,69510,1042],{"class":74},[46,69512,69514],{"id":69513},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,69516,69517,69518,123],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,69519,3137],{},[51,69521,69523],{"className":53,"code":69522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,69524,69525,69533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69526,69527,69529,69531],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69528,664],{"class":66},[60,69530,71],{"class":70},[60,69532,8834],{"class":74},[60,69534,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69536,143],{"class":142},[60,69538,130],{"class":74},[60,69540,12157],{"class":142},[60,69542,130],{"class":74},[60,69544,716],{"class":126},[60,69546,1042],{"class":74},[20,69548,153],{},[51,69550,69551],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69552,69553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69554,69555],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69556,48234],{"class":1402},[20,69558,69559],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[51,69561,69563],{"className":53,"code":69562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,69564,69565,69573,69577,69595,69609,69615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69566,69567,69569,69571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69568,664],{"class":66},[60,69570,71],{"class":70},[60,69572,8834],{"class":74},[60,69574,69575],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69576,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,69580,7996],{"class":2665},[60,69582,39374],{"class":142},[60,69584,130],{"class":74},[60,69586,716],{"class":126},[60,69588,2662],{"class":74},[60,69590,39384],{"class":70},[60,69592,4843],{"class":1402},[60,69594,7392],{"class":74},[60,69596,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,69598,9064],{"class":142},[60,69600,130],{"class":74},[60,69602,716],{"class":126},[60,69604,353],{"class":74},[60,69606,3137],{"class":1402},[60,69608,2677],{"class":74},[60,69610,69611,69613],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,69612,28427],{"class":2665},[60,69614,7392],{"class":74},[60,69616,69617,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,69618,9064],{"class":142},[60,69620,130],{"class":74},[60,69622,79],{"class":78},[60,69624,52795],{"class":82},[60,69626,79],{"class":78},[60,69628,136],{"class":74},[20,69630,153],{},[51,69632,69634],{"className":53,"code":69633,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The list is empty\n",[15,69635,69636],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69637,69638,69640,69642,69644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69639,2997],{"class":66},[60,69641,9089],{"class":1527},[60,69643,2773],{"class":70},[60,69645,9097],{"class":66},[20,69647,69648,69649,69651],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[551,69650,53751],{"href":51958}," is a good next step.",[46,69653,69655],{"id":69654},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,69657,69658,69660,69661,69664],{},[15,69659,43346],{}," counts only the ",[4753,69662,69663],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,69666,69667],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[51,69669,69671],{"className":53,"code":69670,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,69672,69673,69709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69674,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69676,10163],{"class":66},[60,69678,71],{"class":70},[60,69680,57274],{"class":74},[60,69682,1432],{"class":1402},[60,69684,88],{"class":74},[60,69686,1437],{"class":1402},[60,69688,19055],{"class":74},[60,69690,75],{"class":74},[60,69692,3079],{"class":1402},[60,69694,88],{"class":74},[60,69696,3471],{"class":1402},[60,69698,19055],{"class":74},[60,69700,75],{"class":74},[60,69702,3154],{"class":1402},[60,69704,88],{"class":74},[60,69706,38631],{"class":1402},[60,69708,54222],{"class":74},[60,69710,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69712,143],{"class":142},[60,69714,130],{"class":74},[60,69716,12157],{"class":142},[60,69718,130],{"class":74},[60,69720,10202],{"class":126},[60,69722,1042],{"class":74},[20,69724,153],{},[51,69726,69727],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69728,69729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69730,69731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69732,47599],{"class":1402},[20,69734,69735],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,69737,53059],{},[51,69739,69741],{"className":53,"code":69740,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,69742,69743,69769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69744,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69746,60453],{"class":66},[60,69748,71],{"class":70},[60,69750,75],{"class":74},[60,69752,1432],{"class":1402},[60,69754,88],{"class":74},[60,69756,75],{"class":74},[60,69758,1925],{"class":1402},[60,69760,88],{"class":74},[60,69762,1442],{"class":1402},[60,69764,19055],{"class":74},[60,69766,3471],{"class":1402},[60,69768,108],{"class":74},[60,69770,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69772,143],{"class":142},[60,69774,130],{"class":74},[60,69776,12157],{"class":142},[60,69778,130],{"class":74},[60,69780,60506],{"class":126},[60,69782,1042],{"class":74},[20,69784,153],{},[51,69786,69787],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69788,69789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69790,69791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69792,47599],{"class":1402},[20,69794,21972,69795,69798],{},[15,69796,69797],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[46,69800,5520],{"id":5519},[415,69802,9413,69804,2600,69807],{"id":69803},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69805,69806],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69808,69252],{},[20,69810,69811],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69813,17637],{},[51,69815,69817],{"className":53,"code":69816,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69818,69819,69839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69820,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69822,4629],{"class":66},[60,69824,71],{"class":70},[60,69826,75],{"class":74},[60,69828,1345],{"class":1402},[60,69830,88],{"class":74},[60,69832,1407],{"class":1402},[60,69834,88],{"class":74},[60,69836,8791],{"class":1402},[60,69838,108],{"class":74},[60,69840,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69842,143],{"class":142},[60,69844,130],{"class":74},[60,69846,4659],{"class":126},[60,69848,123],{"class":74},[60,69850,12157],{"class":126},[60,69852,8193],{"class":74},[20,69854,17649],{},[51,69856,69858],{"className":53,"code":69857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69859,69860,69880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69861,69862,69864,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69863,4629],{"class":66},[60,69865,71],{"class":70},[60,69867,75],{"class":74},[60,69869,1345],{"class":1402},[60,69871,88],{"class":74},[60,69873,1407],{"class":1402},[60,69875,88],{"class":74},[60,69877,8791],{"class":1402},[60,69879,108],{"class":74},[60,69881,69882,69884,69886,69888,69890,69892],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69883,143],{"class":142},[60,69885,130],{"class":74},[60,69887,12157],{"class":142},[60,69889,130],{"class":74},[60,69891,4659],{"class":126},[60,69893,1042],{"class":74},[20,69895,69896,69898],{},[15,69897,43346],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[415,69900,26680],{"id":26679},[20,69902,17637],{},[51,69904,69906],{"className":53,"code":69905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69907,69908,69928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69909,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69911,4629],{"class":66},[60,69913,71],{"class":70},[60,69915,75],{"class":74},[60,69917,1345],{"class":1402},[60,69919,88],{"class":74},[60,69921,1407],{"class":1402},[60,69923,88],{"class":74},[60,69925,8791],{"class":1402},[60,69927,108],{"class":74},[60,69929,69930,69932,69934,69936],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69931,143],{"class":142},[60,69933,130],{"class":74},[60,69935,12157],{"class":142},[60,69937,136],{"class":74},[20,69939,69940],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69942,17649],{},[51,69944,69945],{"className":53,"code":69857,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,69946,69947,69967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,69950,4629],{"class":66},[60,69952,71],{"class":70},[60,69954,75],{"class":74},[60,69956,1345],{"class":1402},[60,69958,88],{"class":74},[60,69960,1407],{"class":1402},[60,69962,88],{"class":74},[60,69964,8791],{"class":1402},[60,69966,108],{"class":74},[60,69968,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,69970,143],{"class":142},[60,69972,130],{"class":74},[60,69974,12157],{"class":142},[60,69976,130],{"class":74},[60,69978,4659],{"class":126},[60,69980,1042],{"class":74},[415,69982,69984],{"id":69983},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69986,69987,69988,69990],{},"The length of a list is ",[4753,69989,5632],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69992,236],{},[51,69994,69996],{"className":53,"code":69995,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69997,69998,70030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,69999,70000,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70001,767],{"class":66},[60,70003,71],{"class":70},[60,70005,75],{"class":74},[60,70007,79],{"class":78},[60,70009,551],{"class":82},[60,70011,79],{"class":78},[60,70013,88],{"class":74},[60,70015,91],{"class":78},[60,70017,2258],{"class":82},[60,70019,79],{"class":78},[60,70021,88],{"class":74},[60,70023,91],{"class":78},[60,70025,1895],{"class":82},[60,70027,79],{"class":78},[60,70029,108],{"class":74},[60,70031,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70033,143],{"class":142},[60,70035,130],{"class":74},[60,70037,12157],{"class":142},[60,70039,130],{"class":74},[60,70041,843],{"class":126},[60,70043,1042],{"class":74},[20,70045,153],{},[51,70047,70048],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,70049,70050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70051,70052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70053,47599],{"class":1402},[20,70055,70056,70057,19957,70059,123],{},"But the last index is ",[15,70058,1925],{},[15,70060,3079],{},[20,70062,70063],{},"Indexes are:",[33,70065,70066,70073,70079],{},[36,70067,70068,70070,70071],{},[15,70069,3137],{}," for ",[15,70072,19089],{},[36,70074,70075,70070,70077],{},[15,70076,1432],{},[15,70078,66570],{},[36,70080,70081,70070,70083],{},[15,70082,1925],{},[15,70084,67456],{},[20,70086,70087],{},"So this causes an error:",[51,70089,70091],{"className":53,"code":70090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,70092,70093,70125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70096,767],{"class":66},[60,70098,71],{"class":70},[60,70100,75],{"class":74},[60,70102,79],{"class":78},[60,70104,551],{"class":82},[60,70106,79],{"class":78},[60,70108,88],{"class":74},[60,70110,91],{"class":78},[60,70112,2258],{"class":82},[60,70114,79],{"class":78},[60,70116,88],{"class":74},[60,70118,91],{"class":78},[60,70120,1895],{"class":82},[60,70122,79],{"class":78},[60,70124,108],{"class":74},[60,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70128,143],{"class":142},[60,70130,130],{"class":74},[60,70132,843],{"class":126},[60,70134,353],{"class":74},[60,70136,12157],{"class":142},[60,70138,130],{"class":74},[60,70140,843],{"class":126},[60,70142,11676],{"class":74},[20,70144,9492,70145,5785,70148,70150,70151,70153],{},[15,70146,70147],{},"len(letters)",[15,70149,3079],{},", and index ",[15,70152,3079],{}," does not exist.",[20,70155,19834],{},[51,70157,70159],{"className":53,"code":70158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,70160,70161,70193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70162,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70164,767],{"class":66},[60,70166,71],{"class":70},[60,70168,75],{"class":74},[60,70170,79],{"class":78},[60,70172,551],{"class":82},[60,70174,79],{"class":78},[60,70176,88],{"class":74},[60,70178,91],{"class":78},[60,70180,2258],{"class":82},[60,70182,79],{"class":78},[60,70184,88],{"class":74},[60,70186,91],{"class":78},[60,70188,1895],{"class":82},[60,70190,79],{"class":78},[60,70192,108],{"class":74},[60,70194,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70196,143],{"class":142},[60,70198,130],{"class":74},[60,70200,843],{"class":126},[60,70202,353],{"class":74},[60,70204,12157],{"class":142},[60,70206,130],{"class":74},[60,70208,843],{"class":126},[60,70210,2662],{"class":74},[60,70212,3238],{"class":70},[60,70214,6499],{"class":1402},[60,70216,2677],{"class":74},[20,70218,153],{},[51,70220,70222],{"className":53,"code":70221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"c\n",[15,70223,70224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70225,70226],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70227,70221],{"class":66},[20,70229,70230,70231,123],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[551,70232,70234],{"href":70233},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[415,70236,9413,70238,70240],{"id":70237},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,70239,43346],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,70242,70243],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,70245,70246],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[51,70248,70250],{"className":53,"code":70249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,70251,70252,70262,70276,70290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70253,70254,70256,70258,70260],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70255,143],{"class":142},[60,70257,130],{"class":74},[60,70259,9334],{"class":126},[60,70261,136],{"class":74},[60,70263,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70265,143],{"class":142},[60,70267,130],{"class":74},[60,70269,12157],{"class":142},[60,70271,130],{"class":74},[60,70273,9334],{"class":126},[60,70275,1042],{"class":74},[60,70277,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70279,143],{"class":142},[60,70281,130],{"class":74},[60,70283,2629],{"class":1527},[60,70285,130],{"class":74},[60,70287,9334],{"class":126},[60,70289,1042],{"class":74},[60,70291,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,70293,143],{"class":142},[60,70295,130],{"class":74},[60,70297,9334],{"class":126},[60,70299,353],{"class":74},[60,70301,3137],{"class":1402},[60,70303,2677],{"class":74},[20,70305,70306],{},"These help you verify:",[33,70308,70309,70312,70314,70317],{},[36,70310,70311],{},"what the variable contains",[36,70313,61761],{},[36,70315,70316],{},"whether it is really a list",[36,70318,70319],{},"what the first item is",[20,70321,70322,70323,70326],{},"Be careful with ",[15,70324,70325],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[46,70328,5963,70330,70332],{"id":70329},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,70331,43346],{}," with lists",[20,70334,70335,70336,70338],{},"You will often use ",[15,70337,43346],{}," in real programs.",[20,70340,10371],{},[33,70342,70343,70345,70348,70351],{},[36,70344,52749],{},[36,70346,70347],{},"Control loops",[36,70349,70350],{},"Validate input or results",[36,70352,70353],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,70355,70356],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[51,70358,70360],{"className":53,"code":70359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,70361,70362,70382,70398,70402,70416,70430],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70363,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378,70380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70365,3569],{"class":66},[60,70367,71],{"class":70},[60,70369,75],{"class":74},[60,70371,1432],{"class":1402},[60,70373,88],{"class":74},[60,70375,1437],{"class":1402},[60,70377,88],{"class":74},[60,70379,1442],{"class":1402},[60,70381,108],{"class":74},[60,70383,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70385,3596],{"class":66},[60,70387,71],{"class":70},[60,70389,75],{"class":74},[60,70391,1345],{"class":1402},[60,70393,88],{"class":74},[60,70395,1407],{"class":1402},[60,70397,108],{"class":74},[60,70399,70400],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70401,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,70403,70404,70406,70408,70410,70412,70414],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,70405,143],{"class":142},[60,70407,130],{"class":74},[60,70409,12157],{"class":142},[60,70411,130],{"class":74},[60,70413,551],{"class":126},[60,70415,1042],{"class":74},[60,70417,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,70419,143],{"class":142},[60,70421,130],{"class":74},[60,70423,12157],{"class":142},[60,70425,130],{"class":74},[60,70427,2258],{"class":126},[60,70429,1042],{"class":74},[60,70431,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,70433,143],{"class":142},[60,70435,130],{"class":74},[60,70437,12157],{"class":142},[60,70439,130],{"class":74},[60,70441,551],{"class":126},[60,70443,2662],{"class":74},[60,70445,39384],{"class":70},[60,70447,39374],{"class":142},[60,70449,130],{"class":74},[60,70451,2258],{"class":126},[60,70453,1042],{"class":74},[20,70455,153],{},[51,70457,70459],{"className":53,"code":70458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,70460,70461,70465,70469],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70462,70463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70464,47599],{"class":1402},[60,70466,70467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70468,18050],{"class":1402},[60,70470,70471],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70472,4983],{"class":1611},[20,70474,70475],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[51,70477,70479],{"className":53,"code":70478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,70480,70481,70513,70517,70539],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70484,454],{"class":66},[60,70486,71],{"class":70},[60,70488,75],{"class":74},[60,70490,79],{"class":78},[60,70492,463],{"class":82},[60,70494,79],{"class":78},[60,70496,88],{"class":74},[60,70498,91],{"class":78},[60,70500,472],{"class":82},[60,70502,79],{"class":78},[60,70504,88],{"class":74},[60,70506,91],{"class":78},[60,70508,481],{"class":82},[60,70510,79],{"class":78},[60,70512,108],{"class":74},[60,70514,70515],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70516,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,70518,70519,70521,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70520,6960],{"class":2665},[60,70522,70523],{"class":66}," i ",[60,70525,2672],{"class":2665},[60,70527,55050],{"class":142},[60,70529,130],{"class":74},[60,70531,12157],{"class":142},[60,70533,130],{"class":74},[60,70535,507],{"class":126},[60,70537,70538],{"class":74},")):\n",[60,70540,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70552,70554,70556],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,70542,9064],{"class":142},[60,70544,130],{"class":74},[60,70546,37142],{"class":126},[60,70548,88],{"class":74},[60,70550,70551],{"class":126}," names",[60,70553,353],{"class":74},[60,70555,37142],{"class":126},[60,70557,2677],{"class":74},[20,70559,153],{},[51,70561,70562],{"className":53,"code":36989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,70563,70564,70570,70576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70565,70566,70568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70567,3137],{"class":1402},[60,70569,36998],{"class":66},[60,70571,70572,70574],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70573,1432],{"class":1402},[60,70575,37005],{"class":66},[60,70577,70578,70580],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70579,1925],{"class":1402},[60,70581,546],{"class":66},[20,70583,70584,70585,123],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[551,70586,70588],{"href":70587},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,70590,70591,70592,70594],{},"You can also read ",[551,70593,52526],{"href":52525}," for a task-focused guide.",[46,70596,2804],{"id":2803},[415,70598,70600],{"id":70599},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,70602,171,70603,70606],{},[15,70604,70605],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[415,70608,2846,70610,13710],{"id":70609},"what-does-len-return",[15,70611,70612],{},"len([])",[20,70614,6148,70615,70617],{},[15,70616,3137],{}," because the list is empty.",[415,70619,70621],{"id":70620},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,70623,70624],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[415,70626,2833,70628,70630],{"id":70627},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,70629,69806],{}," in Python?",[20,70632,31264,70633,9217,70635,70637],{},[15,70634,69252],{},[15,70636,43346],{}," is a built-in function.",[46,70639,2870],{"id":2869},[33,70641,70642,70648,70652,70656,70660],{},[36,70643,70644],{},[551,70645,163,70646,1579],{"href":43343},[15,70647,43346],{},[36,70649,70650],{},[551,70651,53570],{"href":52525},[36,70653,70654],{},[551,70655,53751],{"href":51958},[36,70657,70658],{},[551,70659,70234],{"href":70233},[36,70661,70662],{},[551,70663,70664],{"href":70587},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2912,70666,70667],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":70669},[70670,70671,70673,70674,70675,70676,70684,70686,70694],{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":69244,"depth":111,"text":70672},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":69513,"depth":111,"text":69514},{"id":69654,"depth":111,"text":69655},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":70677},[70678,70680,70681,70682],{"id":69803,"depth":139,"text":70679},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26679,"depth":139,"text":26680},{"id":69983,"depth":139,"text":69984},{"id":70237,"depth":139,"text":70683},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":70329,"depth":111,"text":70685},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":70687},[70688,70689,70691,70692],{"id":70599,"depth":139,"text":70600},{"id":70609,"depth":139,"text":70690},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70620,"depth":139,"text":70621},{"id":70627,"depth":139,"text":70693},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":69139,"description":70695},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70701,"title":70702,"body":70703,"description":72685,"extension":2980,"meta":72686,"navigation":304,"path":72687,"seo":72688,"stem":72689,"__hash__":72690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70704,"toc":72658},[70705,70708,70713,70716,70724,70737,70739,70804,70806,70828,70833,70837,70842,70850,70852,70862,70864,70945,70947,70977,70979,70998,71003,71020,71022,71106,71108,71138,71143,71147,71153,71237,71239,71269,71272,71276,71279,71370,71372,71410,71413,71498,71500,71530,71536,71543,71547,71552,71561,71563,71648,71650,71679,71682,71690,71694,71698,71707,71730,71732,71754,71756,71770,71772,71832,71836,71841,71880,71882,71899,71901,71911,72010,72015,72019,72024,72067,72069,72097,72099,72113,72188,72190,72212,72216,72219,72224,72235,72240,72248,72251,72322,72324,72349,72406,72408,72429,72438,72446,72451,72453,72458,72479,72482,72557,72560,72574,72581,72583,72587,72593,72597,72607,72611,72618,72622,72628,72630,72655],[10,70706,70702],{"id":70707},"python-list-pop-method",[20,70709,70710,70712],{},[15,70711,56062],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,70714,70715],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[33,70717,70718,70721],{},[36,70719,70720],{},"delete an item from a list",[36,70722,70723],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,70725,70726,70727,70729,70730,9702,70732,70736],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70728,13757],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,70731,13757],{},[551,70733,70734],{"href":56052},[15,70735,56509],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[46,70738,3022],{"id":3021},[51,70740,70742],{"className":53,"code":70741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70743,70744,70764,70779,70783,70794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70745,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70747,4629],{"class":66},[60,70749,71],{"class":70},[60,70751,75],{"class":74},[60,70753,1345],{"class":1402},[60,70755,88],{"class":74},[60,70757,1407],{"class":1402},[60,70759,88],{"class":74},[60,70761,8791],{"class":1402},[60,70763,108],{"class":74},[60,70765,70766,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70767,70768],{"class":66},"last_item ",[60,70770,71],{"class":70},[60,70772,5264],{"class":66},[60,70774,123],{"class":74},[60,70776,27234],{"class":126},[60,70778,9640],{"class":74},[60,70780,70781],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70782,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,70784,70785,70787,70789,70792],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,70786,143],{"class":142},[60,70788,130],{"class":74},[60,70790,70791],{"class":126},"last_item",[60,70793,136],{"class":74},[60,70795,70796,70798,70800,70802],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,70797,143],{"class":142},[60,70799,130],{"class":74},[60,70801,4659],{"class":126},[60,70803,136],{"class":74},[20,70805,153],{},[51,70807,70809],{"className":53,"code":70808,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70810,70811,70816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70812,70813],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70814,70815],{"class":1402},"30\n",[60,70817,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70819,353],{"class":74},[60,70821,1345],{"class":1402},[60,70823,88],{"class":74},[60,70825,1407],{"class":1402},[60,70827,108],{"class":74},[20,70829,171,70830,70832],{},[15,70831,13757],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[46,70834,70836],{"id":70835},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70838,70839,70841],{},[15,70840,13757],{}," has two main jobs:",[33,70843,70844,70847],{},[36,70845,70846],{},"It removes one item from a list",[36,70848,70849],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70851,44631],{},[33,70853,70854,70857,70860],{},[36,70855,70856],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[36,70858,70859],{},"It changes the original list",[36,70861,53725],{},[20,70863,236],{},[51,70865,70867],{"className":53,"code":70866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70868,70869,70901,70905,70920,70924,70935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70870,70871,70873,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893,70895,70897,70899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70872,1070],{"class":66},[60,70874,71],{"class":70},[60,70876,75],{"class":74},[60,70878,79],{"class":78},[60,70880,254],{"class":82},[60,70882,79],{"class":78},[60,70884,88],{"class":74},[60,70886,91],{"class":78},[60,70888,263],{"class":82},[60,70890,79],{"class":78},[60,70892,88],{"class":74},[60,70894,91],{"class":78},[60,70896,272],{"class":82},[60,70898,79],{"class":78},[60,70900,108],{"class":74},[60,70902,70903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70904,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,70906,70907,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,70908,70909],{"class":66},"removed ",[60,70911,71],{"class":70},[60,70913,14115],{"class":66},[60,70915,123],{"class":74},[60,70917,27234],{"class":126},[60,70919,9640],{"class":74},[60,70921,70922],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,70923,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,70925,70926,70928,70930,70933],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,70927,143],{"class":142},[60,70929,130],{"class":74},[60,70931,70932],{"class":126},"removed",[60,70934,136],{"class":74},[60,70936,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,70938,143],{"class":142},[60,70940,130],{"class":74},[60,70942,1119],{"class":126},[60,70944,136],{"class":74},[20,70946,153],{},[51,70948,70950],{"className":53,"code":70949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70951,70952,70957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70953,70954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70955,70956],{"class":66},"blue\n",[60,70958,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,70960,353],{"class":74},[60,70962,356],{"class":78},[60,70964,254],{"class":82},[60,70966,356],{"class":78},[60,70968,88],{"class":74},[60,70970,365],{"class":78},[60,70972,263],{"class":82},[60,70974,356],{"class":78},[60,70976,108],{"class":74},[46,70978,389],{"id":388},[51,70980,70982],{"className":53,"code":70981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70983,70984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,70985,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,70987,9089],{"class":1527},[60,70989,123],{"class":74},[60,70991,27234],{"class":126},[60,70993,2652],{"class":74},[60,70995,36840],{"class":126},[60,70997,2677],{"class":74},[20,70999,2997,71000,71002],{},[15,71001,36840],{}," is optional.",[33,71004,71005,71011,71017],{},[36,71006,71007,71008,71010],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,71009,13757],{}," removes the last item",[36,71012,71013,71014,71016],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,71015,13757],{}," removes the item at that position",[36,71018,71019],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,71021,236],{},[51,71023,71025],{"className":53,"code":71024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71026,71027,71059,71063,71082,71086,71096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71028,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043,71045,71047,71049,71051,71053,71055,71057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71030,767],{"class":66},[60,71032,71],{"class":70},[60,71034,75],{"class":74},[60,71036,79],{"class":78},[60,71038,551],{"class":82},[60,71040,79],{"class":78},[60,71042,88],{"class":74},[60,71044,91],{"class":78},[60,71046,2258],{"class":82},[60,71048,79],{"class":78},[60,71050,88],{"class":74},[60,71052,91],{"class":78},[60,71054,1895],{"class":82},[60,71056,79],{"class":78},[60,71058,108],{"class":74},[60,71060,71061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71062,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71064,71065,71067,71069,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71066,29531],{"class":66},[60,71068,71],{"class":70},[60,71070,71071],{"class":66}," letters",[60,71073,123],{"class":74},[60,71075,27234],{"class":126},[60,71077,130],{"class":74},[60,71079,1432],{"class":1402},[60,71081,136],{"class":74},[60,71083,71084],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71085,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71087,71088,71090,71092,71094],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71089,143],{"class":142},[60,71091,130],{"class":74},[60,71093,2659],{"class":126},[60,71095,136],{"class":74},[60,71097,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71099,143],{"class":142},[60,71101,130],{"class":74},[60,71103,843],{"class":126},[60,71105,136],{"class":74},[20,71107,153],{},[51,71109,71111],{"className":53,"code":71110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,71112,71113,71118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71114,71115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71116,71117],{"class":66},"b\n",[60,71119,71120,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71121,353],{"class":74},[60,71123,356],{"class":78},[60,71125,551],{"class":82},[60,71127,356],{"class":78},[60,71129,88],{"class":74},[60,71131,365],{"class":78},[60,71133,1895],{"class":82},[60,71135,356],{"class":78},[60,71137,108],{"class":74},[20,71139,71140,71141,123],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[551,71142,53751],{"href":51958},[46,71144,71146],{"id":71145},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,71148,71149,71150,71152],{},"When you call ",[15,71151,13757],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[51,71154,71156],{"className":53,"code":71155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,71157,71158,71193,71197,71212,71216,71227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71171,71173,71175,71177,71180,71182,71184,71186,71189,71191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71161,30891],{"class":66},[60,71163,71],{"class":70},[60,71165,75],{"class":74},[60,71167,79],{"class":78},[60,71169,71170],{"class":82},"write",[60,71172,79],{"class":78},[60,71174,88],{"class":74},[60,71176,91],{"class":78},[60,71178,71179],{"class":82},"test",[60,71181,79],{"class":78},[60,71183,88],{"class":74},[60,71185,91],{"class":78},[60,71187,71188],{"class":82},"submit",[60,71190,79],{"class":78},[60,71192,108],{"class":74},[60,71194,71195],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71196,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71198,71199,71202,71204,71206,71208,71210],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71200,71201],{"class":66},"last_task ",[60,71203,71],{"class":70},[60,71205,30969],{"class":66},[60,71207,123],{"class":74},[60,71209,27234],{"class":126},[60,71211,9640],{"class":74},[60,71213,71214],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71215,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71217,71218,71220,71222,71225],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71219,143],{"class":142},[60,71221,130],{"class":74},[60,71223,71224],{"class":126},"last_task",[60,71226,136],{"class":74},[60,71228,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71230,143],{"class":142},[60,71232,130],{"class":74},[60,71234,37494],{"class":126},[60,71236,136],{"class":74},[20,71238,153],{},[51,71240,71242],{"className":53,"code":71241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,71243,71244,71249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71245,71246],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71247,71248],{"class":66},"submit\n",[60,71250,71251,71253,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265,71267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71252,353],{"class":74},[60,71254,356],{"class":78},[60,71256,71170],{"class":82},[60,71258,356],{"class":78},[60,71260,88],{"class":74},[60,71262,365],{"class":78},[60,71264,71179],{"class":82},[60,71266,356],{"class":78},[60,71268,108],{"class":74},[20,71270,71271],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[46,71273,71275],{"id":71274},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,71277,71278],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[51,71280,71282],{"className":53,"code":71281,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71283,71284,71324,71328,71346,71350,71360],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71285,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71287,37227],{"class":66},[60,71289,71],{"class":70},[60,71291,75],{"class":74},[60,71293,79],{"class":78},[60,71295,1604],{"class":82},[60,71297,79],{"class":78},[60,71299,88],{"class":74},[60,71301,91],{"class":78},[60,71303,1619],{"class":82},[60,71305,79],{"class":78},[60,71307,88],{"class":74},[60,71309,91],{"class":78},[60,71311,5098],{"class":82},[60,71313,79],{"class":78},[60,71315,88],{"class":74},[60,71317,91],{"class":78},[60,71319,34214],{"class":82},[60,71321,79],{"class":78},[60,71323,108],{"class":74},[60,71325,71326],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71327,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71329,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71331,70909],{"class":66},[60,71333,71],{"class":70},[60,71335,53831],{"class":66},[60,71337,123],{"class":74},[60,71339,27234],{"class":126},[60,71341,130],{"class":74},[60,71343,1432],{"class":1402},[60,71345,136],{"class":74},[60,71347,71348],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71349,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71351,71352,71354,71356,71358],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71353,143],{"class":142},[60,71355,130],{"class":74},[60,71357,70932],{"class":126},[60,71359,136],{"class":74},[60,71361,71362,71364,71366,71368],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71363,143],{"class":142},[60,71365,130],{"class":74},[60,71367,37279],{"class":126},[60,71369,136],{"class":74},[20,71371,153],{},[51,71373,71375],{"className":53,"code":71374,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,71376,71377,71382],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71378,71379],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71380,71381],{"class":66},"banana\n",[60,71383,71384,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71385,353],{"class":74},[60,71387,356],{"class":78},[60,71389,1604],{"class":82},[60,71391,356],{"class":78},[60,71393,88],{"class":74},[60,71395,365],{"class":78},[60,71397,5098],{"class":82},[60,71399,356],{"class":78},[60,71401,88],{"class":74},[60,71403,365],{"class":78},[60,71405,34214],{"class":82},[60,71407,356],{"class":78},[60,71409,108],{"class":74},[20,71411,71412],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[51,71414,71416],{"className":53,"code":71415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,71417,71418,71450,71454,71474,71478,71488],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71419,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71421,37227],{"class":66},[60,71423,71],{"class":70},[60,71425,75],{"class":74},[60,71427,79],{"class":78},[60,71429,1604],{"class":82},[60,71431,79],{"class":78},[60,71433,88],{"class":74},[60,71435,91],{"class":78},[60,71437,1619],{"class":82},[60,71439,79],{"class":78},[60,71441,88],{"class":74},[60,71443,91],{"class":78},[60,71445,5098],{"class":82},[60,71447,79],{"class":78},[60,71449,108],{"class":74},[60,71451,71452],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71453,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71455,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71457,70909],{"class":66},[60,71459,71],{"class":70},[60,71461,53831],{"class":66},[60,71463,123],{"class":74},[60,71465,27234],{"class":126},[60,71467,130],{"class":74},[60,71469,929],{"class":70},[60,71471,1432],{"class":1402},[60,71473,136],{"class":74},[60,71475,71476],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71477,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71479,71480,71482,71484,71486],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71481,143],{"class":142},[60,71483,130],{"class":74},[60,71485,70932],{"class":126},[60,71487,136],{"class":74},[60,71489,71490,71492,71494,71496],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71491,143],{"class":142},[60,71493,130],{"class":74},[60,71495,37279],{"class":126},[60,71497,136],{"class":74},[20,71499,153],{},[51,71501,71503],{"className":53,"code":71502,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,71504,71505,71510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71506,71507],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71508,71509],{"class":66},"cherry\n",[60,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71513,353],{"class":74},[60,71515,356],{"class":78},[60,71517,1604],{"class":82},[60,71519,356],{"class":78},[60,71521,88],{"class":74},[60,71523,365],{"class":78},[60,71525,1619],{"class":82},[60,71527,356],{"class":78},[60,71529,108],{"class":74},[20,71531,71532,71533,71535],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,71534,66829],{}," means the last item.",[20,71537,71538,71539,123],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[551,71540,71541,2887],{"href":59945},[15,71542,65840],{},[46,71544,71546],{"id":71545},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,71548,71549,71551],{},[15,71550,13757],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,71553,71554,71555,2360,71557,123],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,71556,13757],{},[551,71558,71559],{"href":56052},[15,71560,56509],{},[20,71562,236],{},[51,71564,71566],{"className":53,"code":71565,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,71567,71568,71600,71604,71623,71627,71638],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71569,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71571,454],{"class":66},[60,71573,71],{"class":70},[60,71575,75],{"class":74},[60,71577,79],{"class":78},[60,71579,463],{"class":82},[60,71581,79],{"class":78},[60,71583,88],{"class":74},[60,71585,91],{"class":78},[60,71587,472],{"class":82},[60,71589,79],{"class":78},[60,71591,88],{"class":74},[60,71593,91],{"class":78},[60,71595,481],{"class":82},[60,71597,79],{"class":78},[60,71599,108],{"class":74},[60,71601,71602],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71603,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71605,71606,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71607,71608],{"class":66},"removed_name ",[60,71610,71],{"class":70},[60,71612,70551],{"class":66},[60,71614,123],{"class":74},[60,71616,27234],{"class":126},[60,71618,130],{"class":74},[60,71620,3137],{"class":1402},[60,71622,136],{"class":74},[60,71624,71625],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71626,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71628,71629,71631,71633,71636],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71630,143],{"class":142},[60,71632,130],{"class":74},[60,71634,71635],{"class":126},"removed_name",[60,71637,136],{"class":74},[60,71639,71640,71642,71644,71646],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71641,143],{"class":142},[60,71643,130],{"class":74},[60,71645,507],{"class":126},[60,71647,136],{"class":74},[20,71649,153],{},[51,71651,71653],{"className":53,"code":71652,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,71654,71655,71659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71656,71657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71658,51019],{"class":66},[60,71660,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71662,353],{"class":74},[60,71664,356],{"class":78},[60,71666,472],{"class":82},[60,71668,356],{"class":78},[60,71670,88],{"class":74},[60,71672,365],{"class":78},[60,71674,481],{"class":82},[60,71676,356],{"class":78},[60,71678,108],{"class":74},[20,71680,71681],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,71683,71684,71685,71687,71688,123],{},"By comparison, ",[15,71686,56509],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,71689,1585],{},[46,71691,71693],{"id":71692},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[415,71695,71697],{"id":71696},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,71699,71700,71701,71703,71704,123],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,71702,13757],{}," raises an ",[15,71705,71706],{},"IndexError",[51,71708,71710],{"className":53,"code":71709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,71711,71712,71720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71713,71714,71716,71718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71715,664],{"class":66},[60,71717,71],{"class":70},[60,71719,8834],{"class":74},[60,71721,71722,71724,71726,71728],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71723,716],{"class":66},[60,71725,123],{"class":74},[60,71727,27234],{"class":126},[60,71729,9640],{"class":74},[20,71731,153],{},[51,71733,71735],{"className":53,"code":71734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,71736,71737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71738,71739,71741,71743,71746,71749,71752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71740,71706],{"class":1527},[60,71742,3901],{"class":74},[60,71744,71745],{"class":66}," pop ",[60,71747,71748],{"class":2665},"from",[60,71750,71751],{"class":66}," empty ",[60,71753,50865],{"class":1527},[20,71755,1929],{},[33,71757,71758,71763],{},[36,71759,71760,71761],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71762,13757],{},[36,71764,71765,71766,2360,71768],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71767,30797],{},[15,71769,30828],{},[20,71771,236],{},[51,71773,71775],{"className":53,"code":71774,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71776,71777,71785,71789,71797,71811,71817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71778,71779,71781,71783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71780,664],{"class":66},[60,71782,71],{"class":70},[60,71784,8834],{"class":74},[60,71786,71787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71788,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71790,71791,71793,71795],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71792,7996],{"class":2665},[60,71794,1989],{"class":66},[60,71796,7392],{"class":74},[60,71798,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71800,9064],{"class":142},[60,71802,130],{"class":74},[60,71804,716],{"class":126},[60,71806,123],{"class":74},[60,71808,27234],{"class":126},[60,71810,8193],{"class":74},[60,71812,71813,71815],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71814,28427],{"class":2665},[60,71816,7392],{"class":74},[60,71818,71819,71821,71823,71825,71828,71830],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71820,9064],{"class":142},[60,71822,130],{"class":74},[60,71824,79],{"class":78},[60,71826,71827],{"class":82},"The list is empty.",[60,71829,79],{"class":78},[60,71831,136],{"class":74},[415,71833,71835],{"id":71834},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71837,71838,71839,123],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71840,71706],{},[51,71842,71844],{"className":53,"code":71843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71845,71846,71866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71847,71848,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71849,4629],{"class":66},[60,71851,71],{"class":70},[60,71853,75],{"class":74},[60,71855,1345],{"class":1402},[60,71857,88],{"class":74},[60,71859,1407],{"class":1402},[60,71861,88],{"class":74},[60,71863,8791],{"class":1402},[60,71865,108],{"class":74},[60,71867,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876,71878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71869,4659],{"class":66},[60,71871,123],{"class":74},[60,71873,27234],{"class":126},[60,71875,130],{"class":74},[60,71877,3154],{"class":1402},[60,71879,136],{"class":74},[20,71881,153],{},[51,71883,71885],{"className":53,"code":71884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71886,71887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71888,71889,71891,71893,71896],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71890,71706],{"class":1527},[60,71892,3901],{"class":74},[60,71894,71895],{"class":66}," pop index out of ",[60,71897,71898],{"class":142},"range\n",[20,71900,1929],{},[33,71902,71903,71908],{},[36,71904,71905,71906],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71907,43346],{},[36,71909,71910],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[51,71912,71914],{"className":53,"code":71913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71915,71916,71936,71945,71949,71971,71989,71995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,71917,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,71919,4629],{"class":66},[60,71921,71],{"class":70},[60,71923,75],{"class":74},[60,71925,1345],{"class":1402},[60,71927,88],{"class":74},[60,71929,1407],{"class":1402},[60,71931,88],{"class":74},[60,71933,8791],{"class":1402},[60,71935,108],{"class":74},[60,71937,71938,71941,71943],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,71939,71940],{"class":66},"index ",[60,71942,71],{"class":70},[60,71944,46571],{"class":1402},[60,71946,71947],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,71948,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,71950,71951,71953,71955,71958,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,71952,7996],{"class":2665},[60,71954,4843],{"class":1402},[60,71956,71957],{"class":70}," \u003C=",[60,71959,71960],{"class":66}," index ",[60,71962,4304],{"class":70},[60,71964,39374],{"class":142},[60,71966,130],{"class":74},[60,71968,4659],{"class":126},[60,71970,9337],{"class":74},[60,71972,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,71974,9064],{"class":142},[60,71976,130],{"class":74},[60,71978,4659],{"class":126},[60,71980,123],{"class":74},[60,71982,27234],{"class":126},[60,71984,130],{"class":74},[60,71986,36840],{"class":126},[60,71988,1042],{"class":74},[60,71990,71991,71993],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,71992,28427],{"class":2665},[60,71994,7392],{"class":74},[60,71996,71997,71999,72001,72003,72006,72008],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,71998,9064],{"class":142},[60,72000,130],{"class":74},[60,72002,79],{"class":78},[60,72004,72005],{"class":82},"Index is out of range.",[60,72007,79],{"class":78},[60,72009,136],{"class":74},[20,72011,72012,72013,123],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[551,72014,70234],{"href":70233},[415,72016,72018],{"id":72017},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,72020,72021,72023],{},[15,72022,13757],{}," expects an integer index.",[51,72025,72027],{"className":53,"code":72026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,72028,72029,72049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72030,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72032,4629],{"class":66},[60,72034,71],{"class":70},[60,72036,75],{"class":74},[60,72038,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72040,88],{"class":74},[60,72042,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72044,88],{"class":74},[60,72046,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72048,108],{"class":74},[60,72050,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72052,4659],{"class":66},[60,72054,123],{"class":74},[60,72056,27234],{"class":126},[60,72058,130],{"class":74},[60,72060,79],{"class":78},[60,72062,1432],{"class":82},[60,72064,79],{"class":78},[60,72066,136],{"class":74},[20,72068,153],{},[51,72070,72072],{"className":53,"code":72071,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,72073,72074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72075,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72091,72094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72077,1472],{"class":1527},[60,72079,3901],{"class":74},[60,72081,365],{"class":78},[60,72083,1528],{"class":82},[60,72085,356],{"class":78},[60,72087,25610],{"class":1527},[60,72089,72090],{"class":66}," cannot be interpreted ",[60,72092,72093],{"class":2665},"as",[60,72095,72096],{"class":66}," an integer\n",[20,72098,1929],{},[33,72100,72101,72110],{},[36,72102,72103,72104,287,72106,432,72108],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,72105,3137],{},[15,72107,1432],{},[15,72109,66829],{},[36,72111,72112],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[51,72114,72116],{"className":53,"code":72115,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72117,72118,72138,72156,72160,72178],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72119,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72121,4629],{"class":66},[60,72123,71],{"class":70},[60,72125,75],{"class":74},[60,72127,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72129,88],{"class":74},[60,72131,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72133,88],{"class":74},[60,72135,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72137,108],{"class":74},[60,72139,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72141,71940],{"class":66},[60,72143,71],{"class":70},[60,72145,46258],{"class":1527},[60,72147,130],{"class":74},[60,72149,79],{"class":78},[60,72151,1432],{"class":82},[60,72153,79],{"class":78},[60,72155,136],{"class":74},[60,72157,72158],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72159,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,72161,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72163,143],{"class":142},[60,72165,130],{"class":74},[60,72167,4659],{"class":126},[60,72169,123],{"class":74},[60,72171,27234],{"class":126},[60,72173,130],{"class":74},[60,72175,36840],{"class":126},[60,72177,1042],{"class":74},[60,72179,72180,72182,72184,72186],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,72181,143],{"class":142},[60,72183,130],{"class":74},[60,72185,4659],{"class":126},[60,72187,136],{"class":74},[20,72189,153],{},[51,72191,72193],{"className":53,"code":72192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,72194,72195,72200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72196,72197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72198,72199],{"class":1402},"20\n",[60,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72203,353],{"class":74},[60,72205,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72207,88],{"class":74},[60,72209,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72211,108],{"class":74},[46,72213,72215],{"id":72214},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,72217,72218],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[415,72220,171,72222,11598],{"id":72221},"use-pop-when",[15,72223,13757],{},[33,72225,72226,72229,72232],{},[36,72227,72228],{},"you want to remove by index",[36,72230,72231],{},"you want the removed item returned",[36,72233,72234],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[415,72236,171,72238,11598],{"id":72237},"use-remove-when",[15,72239,56509],{},[33,72241,72242,72245],{},[36,72243,72244],{},"you want to remove by value",[36,72246,72247],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,72249,72250],{},"Compare these examples:",[51,72252,72254],{"className":53,"code":72253,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72255,72256,72280,72284,72302,72312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72257,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72259,4629],{"class":66},[60,72261,71],{"class":70},[60,72263,75],{"class":74},[60,72265,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72267,88],{"class":74},[60,72269,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72271,88],{"class":74},[60,72273,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72275,88],{"class":74},[60,72277,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72279,108],{"class":74},[60,72281,72282],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72283,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,72285,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72287,70909],{"class":66},[60,72289,71],{"class":70},[60,72291,5264],{"class":66},[60,72293,123],{"class":74},[60,72295,27234],{"class":126},[60,72297,130],{"class":74},[60,72299,1432],{"class":1402},[60,72301,136],{"class":74},[60,72303,72304,72306,72308,72310],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72305,143],{"class":142},[60,72307,130],{"class":74},[60,72309,70932],{"class":126},[60,72311,136],{"class":74},[60,72313,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,72315,143],{"class":142},[60,72317,130],{"class":74},[60,72319,4659],{"class":126},[60,72321,136],{"class":74},[20,72323,153],{},[51,72325,72327],{"className":53,"code":72326,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72328,72329,72333],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72330,72331],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72332,72199],{"class":1402},[60,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72336,353],{"class":74},[60,72338,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72340,88],{"class":74},[60,72342,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72344,88],{"class":74},[60,72346,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72348,108],{"class":74},[51,72350,72352],{"className":53,"code":72351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,72353,72354,72378,72382,72396],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72355,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72357,4629],{"class":66},[60,72359,71],{"class":70},[60,72361,75],{"class":74},[60,72363,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72365,88],{"class":74},[60,72367,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72369,88],{"class":74},[60,72371,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72373,88],{"class":74},[60,72375,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72377,108],{"class":74},[60,72379,72380],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72381,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72385,4659],{"class":66},[60,72387,123],{"class":74},[60,72389,35788],{"class":126},[60,72391,130],{"class":74},[60,72393,1354],{"class":1402},[60,72395,136],{"class":74},[60,72397,72398,72400,72402,72404],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72399,143],{"class":142},[60,72401,130],{"class":74},[60,72403,4659],{"class":126},[60,72405,136],{"class":74},[20,72407,153],{},[51,72409,72411],{"className":53,"code":72410,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,72412,72413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72414,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72416,353],{"class":74},[60,72418,1345],{"class":1402},[60,72420,88],{"class":74},[60,72422,8791],{"class":1402},[60,72424,88],{"class":74},[60,72426,1407],{"class":1402},[60,72428,108],{"class":74},[20,72430,72431,72432,72435,72436,123],{},"In the first example, ",[15,72433,72434],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,72437,1432],{},[20,72439,57585,72440,72443,72444,123],{},[15,72441,72442],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,72445,1354],{},[20,72447,72448,72449,123],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[551,72450,56048],{"href":56047},[46,72452,3845],{"id":3844},[20,72454,72455,72456,3901],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,72457,13757],{},[33,72459,72460,72463,72466,72472,72476],{},[36,72461,72462],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[36,72464,72465],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[36,72467,38192,72468,9702,72470],{},[15,72469,13757],{},[15,72471,56509],{},[36,72473,9449,72474,62948],{},[15,72475,13757],{},[36,72477,72478],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,72480,72481],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[51,72483,72485],{"className":53,"code":72484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,72486,72487,72497,72511,72525,72543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72488,72489,72491,72493,72495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72490,143],{"class":142},[60,72492,130],{"class":74},[60,72494,9334],{"class":126},[60,72496,136],{"class":74},[60,72498,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72500,143],{"class":142},[60,72502,130],{"class":74},[60,72504,12157],{"class":142},[60,72506,130],{"class":74},[60,72508,9334],{"class":126},[60,72510,1042],{"class":74},[60,72512,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72514,143],{"class":142},[60,72516,130],{"class":74},[60,72518,9334],{"class":126},[60,72520,123],{"class":74},[60,72522,27234],{"class":126},[60,72524,8193],{"class":74},[60,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72528,143],{"class":142},[60,72530,130],{"class":74},[60,72532,9334],{"class":126},[60,72534,123],{"class":74},[60,72536,27234],{"class":126},[60,72538,130],{"class":74},[60,72540,3137],{"class":1402},[60,72542,1042],{"class":74},[60,72544,72545,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,72546,143],{"class":142},[60,72548,130],{"class":74},[60,72550,2629],{"class":1527},[60,72552,130],{"class":74},[60,72554,36840],{"class":126},[60,72556,1042],{"class":74},[20,72558,72559],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[33,72561,72562,72568],{},[36,72563,72564,72567],{},[15,72565,72566],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[36,72569,72570,72573],{},[15,72571,72572],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,72575,72576,72577,72580],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,72578,72579],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[46,72582,2804],{"id":2803},[415,72584,72586],{"id":72585},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,72588,72589,72590,72592],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,72591,13757],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[415,72594,72596],{"id":72595},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,72598,72599,72601,72602,72604,72605,123],{},[15,72600,13757],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,72603,56509],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,72606,1585],{},[415,72608,72610],{"id":72609},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,72612,72613,72614,72617],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,72615,72616],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[415,72619,72621],{"id":72620},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,72623,72624,72625,72627],{},"Python raises ",[15,72626,71706],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[46,72629,2870],{"id":2869},[33,72631,72632,72636,72641,72646,72651],{},[36,72633,72634],{},[551,72635,56495],{"href":56047},[36,72637,72638],{},[551,72639,72640],{"href":56052},"Python list remove() method",[36,72642,72643],{},[551,72644,72645],{"href":59945},"Python list index() method",[36,72647,72648],{},[551,72649,72650],{"href":51958},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[36,72652,72653],{},[551,72654,70234],{"href":70233},[2912,72656,72657],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":72659},[72660,72661,72662,72663,72664,72665,72666,72671,72677,72678,72684],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":70835,"depth":111,"text":70836},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":71145,"depth":111,"text":71146},{"id":71274,"depth":111,"text":71275},{"id":71545,"depth":111,"text":71546},{"id":71692,"depth":111,"text":71693,"children":72667},[72668,72669,72670],{"id":71696,"depth":139,"text":71697},{"id":71834,"depth":139,"text":71835},{"id":72017,"depth":139,"text":72018},{"id":72214,"depth":111,"text":72215,"children":72672},[72673,72675],{"id":72221,"depth":139,"text":72674},"Use pop() when:",{"id":72237,"depth":139,"text":72676},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":72679},[72680,72681,72682,72683],{"id":72585,"depth":139,"text":72586},{"id":72595,"depth":139,"text":72596},{"id":72609,"depth":139,"text":72610},{"id":72620,"depth":139,"text":72621},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70702,"description":72685},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72692,"title":72693,"body":72694,"description":74480,"extension":2980,"meta":74481,"navigation":304,"path":74482,"seo":74483,"stem":74484,"__hash__":74485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72695,"toc":74462},[72696,72699,72704,72710,72712,72782,72788,72792,72797,72818,72821,72888,72890,72911,72919,72921,72940,72956,72958,73023,73025,73050,73052,73054,73119,73121,73146,73148,73162,73165,73218,73220,73241,73245,73253,73326,73328,73361,73367,73373,73464,73466,73491,73497,73586,73588,73612,73614,73618,73673,73675,73707,73710,73713,73807,73809,73842,73848,73854,73858,73865,73891,73895,73960,73962,73987,73991,74072,74074,74103,74108,74113,74119,74123,74130,74152,74156,74215,74217,74241,74250,74255,74257,74261,74290,74292,74367,74370,74384,74390,74392,74396,74399,74403,74408,74412,74421,74425,74433,74435,74459],[10,72697,72693],{"id":72698},"python-list-remove-method",[20,72700,2997,72701,72703],{},[15,72702,56055],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,72705,72706,72707,72709],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[4753,72708,3487],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[46,72711,3022],{"id":3021},[51,72713,72715],{"className":53,"code":72714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72716,72717,72749,72767,72777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72718,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72720,664],{"class":66},[60,72722,71],{"class":70},[60,72724,75],{"class":74},[60,72726,79],{"class":78},[60,72728,1604],{"class":82},[60,72730,79],{"class":78},[60,72732,88],{"class":74},[60,72734,91],{"class":78},[60,72736,1619],{"class":82},[60,72738,79],{"class":78},[60,72740,88],{"class":74},[60,72742,91],{"class":78},[60,72744,34214],{"class":82},[60,72746,79],{"class":78},[60,72748,108],{"class":74},[60,72750,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72752,716],{"class":66},[60,72754,123],{"class":74},[60,72756,35788],{"class":126},[60,72758,130],{"class":74},[60,72760,79],{"class":78},[60,72762,1619],{"class":82},[60,72764,79],{"class":78},[60,72766,136],{"class":74},[60,72768,72769,72771,72773,72775],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72770,143],{"class":142},[60,72772,130],{"class":74},[60,72774,716],{"class":126},[60,72776,136],{"class":74},[60,72778,72779],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72780,72781],{"class":4674},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72783,171,72784,72787],{},[15,72785,72786],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[46,72789,72791],{"id":72790},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72793,72794,72796],{},[15,72795,56509],{}," is a list method that:",[33,72798,72799,72805,72810,72815],{},[36,72800,72801,72802,72804],{},"Deletes the ",[4753,72803,30902],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[36,72806,72807,72808],{},"Changes the original list ",[4753,72809,12329],{},[36,72811,2808,72812,72814],{},[4753,72813,5632],{}," return a new list",[36,72816,72817],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72819,72820],{},"This is important for beginners:",[51,72822,72824],{"className":53,"code":72823,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72825,72826,72846,72864,72868,72878],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72827,72828,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72829,4629],{"class":66},[60,72831,71],{"class":70},[60,72833,75],{"class":74},[60,72835,1432],{"class":1402},[60,72837,88],{"class":74},[60,72839,1437],{"class":1402},[60,72841,88],{"class":74},[60,72843,1442],{"class":1402},[60,72845,108],{"class":74},[60,72847,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72849,114],{"class":66},[60,72851,71],{"class":70},[60,72853,5264],{"class":66},[60,72855,123],{"class":74},[60,72857,35788],{"class":126},[60,72859,130],{"class":74},[60,72861,1925],{"class":1402},[60,72863,136],{"class":74},[60,72865,72866],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,72867,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,72869,72870,72872,72874,72876],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,72871,143],{"class":142},[60,72873,130],{"class":74},[60,72875,4659],{"class":126},[60,72877,136],{"class":74},[60,72879,72880,72882,72884,72886],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,72881,143],{"class":142},[60,72883,130],{"class":74},[60,72885,148],{"class":126},[60,72887,136],{"class":74},[20,72889,153],{},[51,72891,72893],{"className":53,"code":72892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72894,72895,72907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72896,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72898,353],{"class":74},[60,72900,1432],{"class":1402},[60,72902,88],{"class":74},[60,72904,1442],{"class":1402},[60,72906,108],{"class":74},[60,72908,72909],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72910,12803],{"class":1611},[20,72912,72913,72914,72916,72917,123],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72915,56509],{}," itself returned ",[15,72918,1585],{},[46,72920,6432],{"id":6431},[51,72922,72924],{"className":53,"code":72923,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72925,72926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72927,72928,72930,72932,72934,72936,72938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72929,9089],{"class":1527},[60,72931,123],{"class":74},[60,72933,35788],{"class":126},[60,72935,130],{"class":74},[60,72937,3487],{"class":126},[60,72939,136],{"class":74},[33,72941,72942,72947,72950],{},[36,72943,72944,72946],{},[15,72945,3487],{}," is the item you want to delete",[36,72948,72949],{},"Python searches from left to right",[36,72951,72952,72953,72955],{},"Only the ",[4753,72954,30902],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72957,236],{},[51,72959,72961],{"className":53,"code":72960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72962,72963,72995,73013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,72966,767],{"class":66},[60,72968,71],{"class":70},[60,72970,75],{"class":74},[60,72972,79],{"class":78},[60,72974,551],{"class":82},[60,72976,79],{"class":78},[60,72978,88],{"class":74},[60,72980,91],{"class":78},[60,72982,2258],{"class":82},[60,72984,79],{"class":78},[60,72986,88],{"class":74},[60,72988,91],{"class":78},[60,72990,1895],{"class":82},[60,72992,79],{"class":78},[60,72994,108],{"class":74},[60,72996,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,72998,843],{"class":66},[60,73000,123],{"class":74},[60,73002,35788],{"class":126},[60,73004,130],{"class":74},[60,73006,79],{"class":78},[60,73008,2258],{"class":82},[60,73010,79],{"class":78},[60,73012,136],{"class":74},[60,73014,73015,73017,73019,73021],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73016,143],{"class":142},[60,73018,130],{"class":74},[60,73020,843],{"class":126},[60,73022,136],{"class":74},[20,73024,153],{},[51,73026,73028],{"className":53,"code":73027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,73029,73030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73031,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73033,353],{"class":74},[60,73035,356],{"class":78},[60,73037,551],{"class":82},[60,73039,356],{"class":78},[60,73041,88],{"class":74},[60,73043,365],{"class":78},[60,73045,1895],{"class":82},[60,73047,356],{"class":78},[60,73049,108],{"class":74},[46,73051,6789],{"id":6788},[20,73053,66149],{},[51,73055,73057],{"className":53,"code":73056,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73058,73059,73091,73109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73060,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73062,1070],{"class":66},[60,73064,71],{"class":70},[60,73066,75],{"class":74},[60,73068,79],{"class":78},[60,73070,254],{"class":82},[60,73072,79],{"class":78},[60,73074,88],{"class":74},[60,73076,91],{"class":78},[60,73078,272],{"class":82},[60,73080,79],{"class":78},[60,73082,88],{"class":74},[60,73084,91],{"class":78},[60,73086,263],{"class":82},[60,73088,79],{"class":78},[60,73090,108],{"class":74},[60,73092,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73094,1119],{"class":66},[60,73096,123],{"class":74},[60,73098,35788],{"class":126},[60,73100,130],{"class":74},[60,73102,79],{"class":78},[60,73104,272],{"class":82},[60,73106,79],{"class":78},[60,73108,136],{"class":74},[60,73110,73111,73113,73115,73117],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73112,143],{"class":142},[60,73114,130],{"class":74},[60,73116,1119],{"class":126},[60,73118,136],{"class":74},[20,73120,153],{},[51,73122,73124],{"className":53,"code":73123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,73125,73126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73127,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73129,353],{"class":74},[60,73131,356],{"class":78},[60,73133,254],{"class":82},[60,73135,356],{"class":78},[60,73137,88],{"class":74},[60,73139,365],{"class":78},[60,73141,263],{"class":82},[60,73143,356],{"class":78},[60,73145,108],{"class":74},[20,73147,12679],{},[33,73149,73150,73153,73159],{},[36,73151,73152],{},"A list is created with three values",[36,73154,73155,73158],{},[15,73156,73157],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[36,73160,73161],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,73163,73164],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[51,73166,73168],{"className":53,"code":73167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,73169,73170,73194,73208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73171,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73173,6064],{"class":66},[60,73175,71],{"class":70},[60,73177,75],{"class":74},[60,73179,1345],{"class":1402},[60,73181,88],{"class":74},[60,73183,1407],{"class":1402},[60,73185,88],{"class":74},[60,73187,8791],{"class":1402},[60,73189,88],{"class":74},[60,73191,51823],{"class":1402},[60,73193,108],{"class":74},[60,73195,73196,73198,73200,73202,73204,73206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73197,17382],{"class":66},[60,73199,123],{"class":74},[60,73201,35788],{"class":126},[60,73203,130],{"class":74},[60,73205,1363],{"class":1402},[60,73207,136],{"class":74},[60,73209,73210,73212,73214,73216],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73211,143],{"class":142},[60,73213,130],{"class":74},[60,73215,17382],{"class":126},[60,73217,136],{"class":74},[20,73219,153],{},[51,73221,73223],{"className":53,"code":73222,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,73224,73225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73226,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73228,353],{"class":74},[60,73230,1345],{"class":1402},[60,73232,88],{"class":74},[60,73234,1407],{"class":1402},[60,73236,88],{"class":74},[60,73238,51823],{"class":1402},[60,73240,108],{"class":74},[46,73242,73244],{"id":73243},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,73246,66139,73247,73249,73250,73252],{},[15,73248,56509],{}," deletes only the ",[4753,73251,30902],{}," one.",[51,73254,73256],{"className":53,"code":73255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73257,73258,73298,73316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73259,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73261,664],{"class":66},[60,73263,71],{"class":70},[60,73265,75],{"class":74},[60,73267,79],{"class":78},[60,73269,1604],{"class":82},[60,73271,79],{"class":78},[60,73273,88],{"class":74},[60,73275,91],{"class":78},[60,73277,1619],{"class":82},[60,73279,79],{"class":78},[60,73281,88],{"class":74},[60,73283,91],{"class":78},[60,73285,1604],{"class":82},[60,73287,79],{"class":78},[60,73289,88],{"class":74},[60,73291,91],{"class":78},[60,73293,34214],{"class":82},[60,73295,79],{"class":78},[60,73297,108],{"class":74},[60,73299,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73301,716],{"class":66},[60,73303,123],{"class":74},[60,73305,35788],{"class":126},[60,73307,130],{"class":74},[60,73309,79],{"class":78},[60,73311,1604],{"class":82},[60,73313,79],{"class":78},[60,73315,136],{"class":74},[60,73317,73318,73320,73322,73324],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73319,143],{"class":142},[60,73321,130],{"class":74},[60,73323,716],{"class":126},[60,73325,136],{"class":74},[20,73327,153],{},[51,73329,73331],{"className":53,"code":73330,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73332,73333],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73334,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73336,353],{"class":74},[60,73338,356],{"class":78},[60,73340,1619],{"class":82},[60,73342,356],{"class":78},[60,73344,88],{"class":74},[60,73346,365],{"class":78},[60,73348,1604],{"class":82},[60,73350,356],{"class":78},[60,73352,88],{"class":74},[60,73354,365],{"class":78},[60,73356,34214],{"class":82},[60,73358,356],{"class":78},[60,73360,108],{"class":74},[20,73362,73363,73364,73366],{},"Only the first ",[15,73365,58813],{}," was removed.",[20,73368,73369,73370,73372],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,73371,56509],{}," again:",[51,73374,73376],{"className":53,"code":73375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73377,73378,73418,73436,73454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73379,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73381,664],{"class":66},[60,73383,71],{"class":70},[60,73385,75],{"class":74},[60,73387,79],{"class":78},[60,73389,1604],{"class":82},[60,73391,79],{"class":78},[60,73393,88],{"class":74},[60,73395,91],{"class":78},[60,73397,1619],{"class":82},[60,73399,79],{"class":78},[60,73401,88],{"class":74},[60,73403,91],{"class":78},[60,73405,1604],{"class":82},[60,73407,79],{"class":78},[60,73409,88],{"class":74},[60,73411,91],{"class":78},[60,73413,34214],{"class":82},[60,73415,79],{"class":78},[60,73417,108],{"class":74},[60,73419,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73421,716],{"class":66},[60,73423,123],{"class":74},[60,73425,35788],{"class":126},[60,73427,130],{"class":74},[60,73429,79],{"class":78},[60,73431,1604],{"class":82},[60,73433,79],{"class":78},[60,73435,136],{"class":74},[60,73437,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73439,716],{"class":66},[60,73441,123],{"class":74},[60,73443,35788],{"class":126},[60,73445,130],{"class":74},[60,73447,79],{"class":78},[60,73449,1604],{"class":82},[60,73451,79],{"class":78},[60,73453,136],{"class":74},[60,73455,73456,73458,73460,73462],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,73457,143],{"class":142},[60,73459,130],{"class":74},[60,73461,716],{"class":126},[60,73463,136],{"class":74},[20,73465,153],{},[51,73467,73469],{"className":53,"code":73468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73470,73471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73472,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73474,353],{"class":74},[60,73476,356],{"class":78},[60,73478,1619],{"class":82},[60,73480,356],{"class":78},[60,73482,88],{"class":74},[60,73484,365],{"class":78},[60,73486,34214],{"class":82},[60,73488,356],{"class":78},[60,73490,108],{"class":74},[20,73492,73493,73494,73496],{},"If you need to remove ",[4753,73495,4726],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[51,73498,73500],{"className":53,"code":73499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73501,73502,73542,73576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73503,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73505,664],{"class":66},[60,73507,71],{"class":70},[60,73509,75],{"class":74},[60,73511,79],{"class":78},[60,73513,1604],{"class":82},[60,73515,79],{"class":78},[60,73517,88],{"class":74},[60,73519,91],{"class":78},[60,73521,1619],{"class":82},[60,73523,79],{"class":78},[60,73525,88],{"class":74},[60,73527,91],{"class":78},[60,73529,1604],{"class":82},[60,73531,79],{"class":78},[60,73533,88],{"class":74},[60,73535,91],{"class":78},[60,73537,34214],{"class":82},[60,73539,79],{"class":78},[60,73541,108],{"class":74},[60,73543,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73561,73563,73565,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73545,664],{"class":66},[60,73547,71],{"class":70},[60,73549,75],{"class":74},[60,73551,29531],{"class":66},[60,73553,6960],{"class":2665},[60,73555,2669],{"class":66},[60,73557,2672],{"class":2665},[60,73559,73560],{"class":66}," items ",[60,73562,7996],{"class":2665},[60,73564,2669],{"class":66},[60,73566,73567],{"class":70},"!=",[60,73569,91],{"class":78},[60,73571,1604],{"class":82},[60,73573,79],{"class":78},[60,73575,108],{"class":74},[60,73577,73578,73580,73582,73584],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73579,143],{"class":142},[60,73581,130],{"class":74},[60,73583,716],{"class":126},[60,73585,136],{"class":74},[20,73587,153],{},[51,73589,73590],{"className":53,"code":73468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,73591,73592],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73593,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73595,353],{"class":74},[60,73597,356],{"class":78},[60,73599,1619],{"class":82},[60,73601,356],{"class":78},[60,73603,88],{"class":74},[60,73605,365],{"class":78},[60,73607,34214],{"class":82},[60,73609,356],{"class":78},[60,73611,108],{"class":74},[46,73613,66605],{"id":66604},[20,73615,66608,73616,123],{},[15,73617,41690],{},[51,73619,73621],{"className":53,"code":73620,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,73622,73623,73655],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73626,664],{"class":66},[60,73628,71],{"class":70},[60,73630,75],{"class":74},[60,73632,79],{"class":78},[60,73634,1604],{"class":82},[60,73636,79],{"class":78},[60,73638,88],{"class":74},[60,73640,91],{"class":78},[60,73642,1619],{"class":82},[60,73644,79],{"class":78},[60,73646,88],{"class":74},[60,73648,91],{"class":78},[60,73650,34214],{"class":82},[60,73652,79],{"class":78},[60,73654,108],{"class":74},[60,73656,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73658,716],{"class":66},[60,73660,123],{"class":74},[60,73662,35788],{"class":126},[60,73664,130],{"class":74},[60,73666,79],{"class":78},[60,73668,23526],{"class":82},[60,73670,79],{"class":78},[60,73672,136],{"class":74},[20,73674,153],{},[51,73676,73678],{"className":53,"code":73677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,73679,73680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73681,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73683,41690],{"class":1527},[60,73685,3901],{"class":74},[60,73687,23553],{"class":1527},[60,73689,123],{"class":74},[60,73691,35788],{"class":126},[60,73693,130],{"class":74},[60,73695,3191],{"class":126},[60,73697,17445],{"class":74},[60,73699,4886],{"class":66},[60,73701,5632],{"class":70},[60,73703,22168],{"class":70},[60,73705,73706],{"class":1527}," list\n",[20,73708,73709],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,73711,73712],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[51,73714,73716],{"className":53,"code":73715,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,73717,73718,73750,73762,73766,73778,73793,73797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73719,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746,73748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73721,664],{"class":66},[60,73723,71],{"class":70},[60,73725,75],{"class":74},[60,73727,79],{"class":78},[60,73729,1604],{"class":82},[60,73731,79],{"class":78},[60,73733,88],{"class":74},[60,73735,91],{"class":78},[60,73737,1619],{"class":82},[60,73739,79],{"class":78},[60,73741,88],{"class":74},[60,73743,91],{"class":78},[60,73745,34214],{"class":82},[60,73747,79],{"class":78},[60,73749,108],{"class":74},[60,73751,73752,73754,73756,73758,73760],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73753,3462],{"class":66},[60,73755,71],{"class":70},[60,73757,91],{"class":78},[60,73759,23526],{"class":82},[60,73761,2389],{"class":78},[60,73763,73764],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73765,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,73767,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,73769,7996],{"class":2665},[60,73771,22579],{"class":66},[60,73773,2672],{"class":70},[60,73775,1989],{"class":66},[60,73777,7392],{"class":74},[60,73779,73780,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,73781,73782],{"class":66},"    items",[60,73784,123],{"class":74},[60,73786,35788],{"class":126},[60,73788,130],{"class":74},[60,73790,3487],{"class":126},[60,73792,136],{"class":74},[60,73794,73795],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,73796,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,73798,73799,73801,73803,73805],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,73800,143],{"class":142},[60,73802,130],{"class":74},[60,73804,716],{"class":126},[60,73806,136],{"class":74},[20,73808,153],{},[51,73810,73812],{"className":53,"code":73811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73813,73814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73815,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73817,353],{"class":74},[60,73819,356],{"class":78},[60,73821,1604],{"class":82},[60,73823,356],{"class":78},[60,73825,88],{"class":74},[60,73827,365],{"class":78},[60,73829,1619],{"class":82},[60,73831,356],{"class":78},[60,73833,88],{"class":74},[60,73835,365],{"class":78},[60,73837,34214],{"class":82},[60,73839,356],{"class":78},[60,73841,108],{"class":74},[20,73843,73844,73845,73847],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73846,56509],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73849,73850,73851,123],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[551,73852,66814],{"href":73853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[46,73855,73857],{"id":73856},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73859,73860,2360,73862,73864],{},[15,73861,56509],{},[15,73863,13757],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[33,73866,73867,73874,73880,73886],{},[36,73868,73869,73871,73872],{},[15,73870,56509],{}," deletes by ",[4753,73873,3487],{},[36,73875,73876,73871,73878],{},[15,73877,13757],{},[4753,73879,36840],{},[36,73881,73882,3412,73884],{},[15,73883,56509],{},[15,73885,1585],{},[36,73887,73888,73890],{},[15,73889,13757],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73892,47022,73893,3901],{},[15,73894,56509],{},[51,73896,73898],{"className":53,"code":73897,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73899,73900,73932,73950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73903,664],{"class":66},[60,73905,71],{"class":70},[60,73907,75],{"class":74},[60,73909,79],{"class":78},[60,73911,1604],{"class":82},[60,73913,79],{"class":78},[60,73915,88],{"class":74},[60,73917,91],{"class":78},[60,73919,1619],{"class":82},[60,73921,79],{"class":78},[60,73923,88],{"class":74},[60,73925,91],{"class":78},[60,73927,34214],{"class":82},[60,73929,79],{"class":78},[60,73931,108],{"class":74},[60,73933,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944,73946,73948],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,73935,716],{"class":66},[60,73937,123],{"class":74},[60,73939,35788],{"class":126},[60,73941,130],{"class":74},[60,73943,79],{"class":78},[60,73945,1619],{"class":82},[60,73947,79],{"class":78},[60,73949,136],{"class":74},[60,73951,73952,73954,73956,73958],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,73953,143],{"class":142},[60,73955,130],{"class":74},[60,73957,716],{"class":126},[60,73959,136],{"class":74},[20,73961,153],{},[51,73963,73965],{"className":53,"code":73964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73966,73967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73968,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73970,353],{"class":74},[60,73972,356],{"class":78},[60,73974,1604],{"class":82},[60,73976,356],{"class":78},[60,73978,88],{"class":74},[60,73980,365],{"class":78},[60,73982,34214],{"class":82},[60,73984,356],{"class":78},[60,73986,108],{"class":74},[20,73988,47022,73989,3901],{},[15,73990,13757],{},[51,73992,73994],{"className":53,"code":73993,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73995,73996,74028,74047,74051,74061],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,73997,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012,74014,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,73999,664],{"class":66},[60,74001,71],{"class":70},[60,74003,75],{"class":74},[60,74005,79],{"class":78},[60,74007,1604],{"class":82},[60,74009,79],{"class":78},[60,74011,88],{"class":74},[60,74013,91],{"class":78},[60,74015,1619],{"class":82},[60,74017,79],{"class":78},[60,74019,88],{"class":74},[60,74021,91],{"class":78},[60,74023,34214],{"class":82},[60,74025,79],{"class":78},[60,74027,108],{"class":74},[60,74029,74030,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74031,74032],{"class":66},"removed_item ",[60,74034,71],{"class":70},[60,74036,1989],{"class":66},[60,74038,123],{"class":74},[60,74040,27234],{"class":126},[60,74042,130],{"class":74},[60,74044,1432],{"class":1402},[60,74046,136],{"class":74},[60,74048,74049],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74050,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,74052,74053,74055,74057,74059],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,74054,143],{"class":142},[60,74056,130],{"class":74},[60,74058,716],{"class":126},[60,74060,136],{"class":74},[60,74062,74063,74065,74067,74070],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,74064,143],{"class":142},[60,74066,130],{"class":74},[60,74068,74069],{"class":126},"removed_item",[60,74071,136],{"class":74},[20,74073,153],{},[51,74075,74077],{"className":53,"code":74076,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,74078,74079,74099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74080,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74082,353],{"class":74},[60,74084,356],{"class":78},[60,74086,1604],{"class":82},[60,74088,356],{"class":78},[60,74090,88],{"class":74},[60,74092,365],{"class":78},[60,74094,34214],{"class":82},[60,74096,356],{"class":78},[60,74098,108],{"class":74},[60,74100,74101],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74102,71381],{"class":66},[20,74104,171,74105,74107],{},[15,74106,56509],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,74109,171,74110,74112],{},[15,74111,13757],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,74114,74115,74116,123],{},"For more detail, see the ",[551,74117,74118],{"href":56059},"Python list pop() method",[46,74120,74122],{"id":74121},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,74124,74125,2360,74127,74129],{},[15,74126,56509],{},[15,74128,28018],{}," are also different.",[33,74131,74132,74137,74142,74147],{},[36,74133,74134,74136],{},[15,74135,56509],{}," deletes by matching value",[36,74138,74139,74141],{},[15,74140,28018],{}," deletes by index or slice",[36,74143,171,74144,74146],{},[15,74145,28018],{}," when you know the position",[36,74148,171,74149,74151],{},[15,74150,56509],{}," when you know the item value",[20,74153,47022,74154,3901],{},[15,74155,28018],{},[51,74157,74159],{"className":53,"code":74158,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,74160,74161,74193,74205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74162,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74164,664],{"class":66},[60,74166,71],{"class":70},[60,74168,75],{"class":74},[60,74170,79],{"class":78},[60,74172,1604],{"class":82},[60,74174,79],{"class":78},[60,74176,88],{"class":74},[60,74178,91],{"class":78},[60,74180,1619],{"class":82},[60,74182,79],{"class":78},[60,74184,88],{"class":74},[60,74186,91],{"class":78},[60,74188,34214],{"class":82},[60,74190,79],{"class":78},[60,74192,108],{"class":74},[60,74194,74195,74197,74199,74201,74203],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74196,28018],{"class":2665},[60,74198,1989],{"class":66},[60,74200,353],{"class":74},[60,74202,1432],{"class":1402},[60,74204,108],{"class":74},[60,74206,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74208,143],{"class":142},[60,74210,130],{"class":74},[60,74212,716],{"class":126},[60,74214,136],{"class":74},[20,74216,153],{},[51,74218,74219],{"className":53,"code":73964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,74220,74221],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74222,74223,74225,74227,74229,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74224,353],{"class":74},[60,74226,356],{"class":78},[60,74228,1604],{"class":82},[60,74230,356],{"class":78},[60,74232,88],{"class":74},[60,74234,365],{"class":78},[60,74236,34214],{"class":82},[60,74238,356],{"class":78},[60,74240,108],{"class":74},[20,74242,74243,74244,74246,74247,74249],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,74245,1432],{},", not the value ",[15,74248,66249],{}," directly.",[20,74251,74252,74253,123],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[551,74254,56048],{"href":56047},[46,74256,3845],{"id":3844},[20,74258,22206,74259,3901],{},[15,74260,56509],{},[33,74262,74263,74266,74271,74278,74287],{},[36,74264,74265],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[36,74267,9449,74268,74270],{},[15,74269,56509],{}," to delete all matching values",[36,74272,13589,74273,74275,74276],{},[15,74274,56509],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,74277,1585],{},[36,74279,9413,74280,45611,74282,3894,74284,74286],{},[15,74281,56509],{},[15,74283,13757],{},[15,74285,28018],{}," would be a better fit",[36,74288,74289],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,74291,72481],{},[51,74293,74295],{"className":53,"code":74294,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,74296,74297,74307,74321,74339,74353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74298,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74300,143],{"class":142},[60,74302,130],{"class":74},[60,74304,9334],{"class":126},[60,74306,136],{"class":74},[60,74308,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74310,143],{"class":142},[60,74312,130],{"class":74},[60,74314,3462],{"class":126},[60,74316,2672],{"class":2665},[60,74318,9391],{"class":126},[60,74320,136],{"class":74},[60,74322,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74324,143],{"class":142},[60,74326,130],{"class":74},[60,74328,9334],{"class":126},[60,74330,123],{"class":74},[60,74332,42246],{"class":126},[60,74334,130],{"class":74},[60,74336,3487],{"class":126},[60,74338,1042],{"class":74},[60,74340,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,74342,143],{"class":142},[60,74344,130],{"class":74},[60,74346,2629],{"class":1527},[60,74348,130],{"class":74},[60,74350,9334],{"class":126},[60,74352,1042],{"class":74},[60,74354,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,74356,33145],{"class":142},[60,74358,130],{"class":74},[60,74360,9089],{"class":1527},[60,74362,123],{"class":74},[60,74364,35788],{"class":25743},[60,74366,136],{"class":74},[20,74368,74369],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[33,74371,74372,74375,74378,74381],{},[36,74373,74374],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[36,74376,74377],{},"How many times does it appear?",[36,74379,74380],{},"Am I working with a list?",[36,74382,74383],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,74385,74386,74387,74389],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[551,74388,72645],{"href":59945}," may also help.",[46,74391,2804],{"id":2803},[415,74393,74395],{"id":74394},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,74397,74398],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[415,74400,74402],{"id":74401},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,74404,6148,74405,74407],{},[15,74406,1585],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[415,74409,74411],{"id":74410},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,74413,74414,74415,74418,74419,123],{},"Check with ",[15,74416,74417],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,74420,56509],{},[415,74422,74424],{"id":74423},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,74426,171,74427,74429,74430,74432],{},[15,74428,56509],{}," for a value and ",[15,74431,13757],{}," for an index.",[46,74434,2870],{"id":2869},[33,74436,74437,74441,74445,74449,74453],{},[36,74438,74439],{},[551,74440,56495],{"href":56047},[36,74442,74443],{},[551,74444,74118],{"href":56059},[36,74446,74447],{},[551,74448,72645],{"href":59945},[36,74450,74451],{},[551,74452,66814],{"href":73853},[36,74454,74455],{},[551,74456,74458],{"href":74457},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2912,74460,74461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":74463},[74464,74465,74466,74467,74468,74469,74470,74471,74472,74473,74479],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":72790,"depth":111,"text":72791},{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432},{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":73243,"depth":111,"text":73244},{"id":66604,"depth":111,"text":66605},{"id":73856,"depth":111,"text":73857},{"id":74121,"depth":111,"text":74122},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":74474},[74475,74476,74477,74478],{"id":74394,"depth":139,"text":74395},{"id":74401,"depth":139,"text":74402},{"id":74410,"depth":139,"text":74411},{"id":74423,"depth":139,"text":74424},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72693,"description":74480},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":74487,"title":74488,"body":74489,"description":76380,"extension":2980,"meta":76381,"navigation":304,"path":76382,"seo":76383,"stem":76384,"__hash__":76385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":74490,"toc":76350},[74491,74497,74503,74506,74517,74519,74568,74573,74578,74582,74597,74599,74664,74666,74707,74709,74711,74726,74728,74739,74741,74798,74800,74833,74835,74838,74887,74889,74914,74916,74932,74938,74945,75006,75008,75041,75046,75049,75129,75131,75192,75198,75202,75205,75269,75271,75296,75298,75318,75320,75369,75371,75392,75401,75404,75408,75413,75458,75460,75481,75487,75492,75500,75564,75566,75603,75609,75613,75620,75685,75687,75724,75728,75745,75755,75760,75765,75776,75783,75785,75791,75814,75817,75844,75849,75852,75953,75955,76010,76013,76120,76122,76193,76196,76222,76224,76229,76233,76241,76246,76251,76257,76262,76266,76269,76286,76289,76309,76317,76319,76347],[10,74492,55322,74494,18],{"id":74493},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,74495,74496],{},"reverse()",[20,74498,74499,74502],{},[15,74500,74501],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,74504,74505],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,74507,74508,74509,74511,74512,74516],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,74510,74496],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[551,74513,74515],{"href":74514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[46,74518,49],{"id":48},[51,74520,74522],{"className":53,"code":74521,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74523,74524,74544,74555],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74527,4629],{"class":66},[60,74529,71],{"class":70},[60,74531,75],{"class":74},[60,74533,1432],{"class":1402},[60,74535,88],{"class":74},[60,74537,1437],{"class":1402},[60,74539,88],{"class":74},[60,74541,1442],{"class":1402},[60,74543,108],{"class":74},[60,74545,74546,74548,74550,74553],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74547,4659],{"class":66},[60,74549,123],{"class":74},[60,74551,74552],{"class":126},"reverse",[60,74554,9640],{"class":74},[60,74556,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74558,143],{"class":142},[60,74560,130],{"class":74},[60,74562,4659],{"class":126},[60,74564,2662],{"class":74},[60,74566,74567],{"class":4674},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,74569,74570,74572],{},[15,74571,74496],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[46,74574,178,74576,181],{"id":74575},"what-listreverse-does",[15,74577,74501],{},[20,74579,74580,3901],{},[15,74581,74501],{},[33,74583,74584,74587,74590,74594],{},[36,74585,74586],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[36,74588,74589],{},"Changes the original list directly",[36,74591,12419,74592],{},[15,74593,1585],{},[36,74595,74596],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,74598,236],{},[51,74600,74602],{"className":53,"code":74601,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,74603,74604,74644,74654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74605,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632,74634,74636,74638,74640,74642],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74607,767],{"class":66},[60,74609,71],{"class":70},[60,74611,75],{"class":74},[60,74613,79],{"class":78},[60,74615,551],{"class":82},[60,74617,79],{"class":78},[60,74619,88],{"class":74},[60,74621,91],{"class":78},[60,74623,2258],{"class":82},[60,74625,79],{"class":78},[60,74627,88],{"class":74},[60,74629,91],{"class":78},[60,74631,1895],{"class":82},[60,74633,79],{"class":78},[60,74635,88],{"class":74},[60,74637,91],{"class":78},[60,74639,19761],{"class":82},[60,74641,79],{"class":78},[60,74643,108],{"class":74},[60,74645,74646,74648,74650,74652],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74647,843],{"class":66},[60,74649,123],{"class":74},[60,74651,74552],{"class":126},[60,74653,9640],{"class":74},[60,74655,74656,74658,74660,74662],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74657,143],{"class":142},[60,74659,130],{"class":74},[60,74661,843],{"class":126},[60,74663,136],{"class":74},[20,74665,153],{},[51,74667,74669],{"className":53,"code":74668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,74670,74671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74672,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74674,353],{"class":74},[60,74676,356],{"class":78},[60,74678,19761],{"class":82},[60,74680,356],{"class":78},[60,74682,88],{"class":74},[60,74684,365],{"class":78},[60,74686,1895],{"class":82},[60,74688,356],{"class":78},[60,74690,88],{"class":74},[60,74692,365],{"class":78},[60,74694,2258],{"class":82},[60,74696,356],{"class":78},[60,74698,88],{"class":74},[60,74700,365],{"class":78},[60,74702,551],{"class":82},[60,74704,356],{"class":78},[60,74706,108],{"class":74},[46,74708,389],{"id":388},[20,74710,3177],{},[51,74712,74714],{"className":53,"code":74713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,74715,74716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74717,74718,74720,74722,74724],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74719,9334],{"class":66},[60,74721,123],{"class":74},[60,74723,74552],{"class":126},[60,74725,9640],{"class":74},[20,74727,14046],{},[33,74729,74730,74733,74736],{},[36,74731,74732],{},"No arguments are needed",[36,74734,74735],{},"You call it on an existing list",[36,74737,74738],{},"It only works on lists",[20,74740,236],{},[51,74742,74744],{"className":53,"code":74743,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,74745,74746,74778,74788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74749,1070],{"class":66},[60,74751,71],{"class":70},[60,74753,75],{"class":74},[60,74755,79],{"class":78},[60,74757,254],{"class":82},[60,74759,79],{"class":78},[60,74761,88],{"class":74},[60,74763,91],{"class":78},[60,74765,263],{"class":82},[60,74767,79],{"class":78},[60,74769,88],{"class":74},[60,74771,91],{"class":78},[60,74773,272],{"class":82},[60,74775,79],{"class":78},[60,74777,108],{"class":74},[60,74779,74780,74782,74784,74786],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74781,1119],{"class":66},[60,74783,123],{"class":74},[60,74785,74552],{"class":126},[60,74787,9640],{"class":74},[60,74789,74790,74792,74794,74796],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74791,143],{"class":142},[60,74793,130],{"class":74},[60,74795,1119],{"class":126},[60,74797,136],{"class":74},[20,74799,153],{},[51,74801,74803],{"className":53,"code":74802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74804,74805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74806,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74808,353],{"class":74},[60,74810,356],{"class":78},[60,74812,272],{"class":82},[60,74814,356],{"class":78},[60,74816,88],{"class":74},[60,74818,365],{"class":78},[60,74820,263],{"class":82},[60,74822,356],{"class":78},[60,74824,88],{"class":74},[60,74826,365],{"class":78},[60,74828,254],{"class":82},[60,74830,356],{"class":78},[60,74832,108],{"class":74},[46,74834,12470],{"id":12469},[20,74836,74837],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[51,74839,74841],{"className":53,"code":74840,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74842,74843,74867,74877],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74844,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863,74865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74846,4629],{"class":66},[60,74848,71],{"class":70},[60,74850,75],{"class":74},[60,74852,1345],{"class":1402},[60,74854,88],{"class":74},[60,74856,1407],{"class":1402},[60,74858,88],{"class":74},[60,74860,8791],{"class":1402},[60,74862,88],{"class":74},[60,74864,51823],{"class":1402},[60,74866,108],{"class":74},[60,74868,74869,74871,74873,74875],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74870,4659],{"class":66},[60,74872,123],{"class":74},[60,74874,74552],{"class":126},[60,74876,9640],{"class":74},[60,74878,74879,74881,74883,74885],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74880,143],{"class":142},[60,74882,130],{"class":74},[60,74884,4659],{"class":126},[60,74886,136],{"class":74},[20,74888,153],{},[51,74890,74892],{"className":53,"code":74891,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74893,74894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74895,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74897,353],{"class":74},[60,74899,57673],{"class":1402},[60,74901,88],{"class":74},[60,74903,8791],{"class":1402},[60,74905,88],{"class":74},[60,74907,1407],{"class":1402},[60,74909,88],{"class":74},[60,74911,7005],{"class":1402},[60,74913,108],{"class":74},[20,74915,12679],{},[33,74917,74918,74924,74929],{},[36,74919,74920,74921],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74922,74923],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[36,74925,74926,74928],{},[15,74927,74496],{}," flips the order",[36,74930,74931],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[46,74933,74935,74937],{"id":74934},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74936,74496],{}," changes the original list",[20,74939,74940,74941,74944],{},"This method is ",[4753,74942,74943],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[51,74946,74948],{"className":53,"code":74947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74949,74950,74982,74992,74996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,74951,74952,74954,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,74953,37227],{"class":66},[60,74955,71],{"class":70},[60,74957,75],{"class":74},[60,74959,79],{"class":78},[60,74961,1604],{"class":82},[60,74963,79],{"class":78},[60,74965,88],{"class":74},[60,74967,91],{"class":78},[60,74969,1619],{"class":82},[60,74971,79],{"class":78},[60,74973,88],{"class":74},[60,74975,91],{"class":78},[60,74977,5098],{"class":82},[60,74979,79],{"class":78},[60,74981,108],{"class":74},[60,74983,74984,74986,74988,74990],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,74985,37279],{"class":66},[60,74987,123],{"class":74},[60,74989,74552],{"class":126},[60,74991,9640],{"class":74},[60,74993,74994],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,74995,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,74997,74998,75000,75002,75004],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,74999,143],{"class":142},[60,75001,130],{"class":74},[60,75003,37279],{"class":126},[60,75005,136],{"class":74},[20,75007,153],{},[51,75009,75011],{"className":53,"code":75010,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,75012,75013],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75014,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75016,353],{"class":74},[60,75018,356],{"class":78},[60,75020,5098],{"class":82},[60,75022,356],{"class":78},[60,75024,88],{"class":74},[60,75026,365],{"class":78},[60,75028,1619],{"class":82},[60,75030,356],{"class":78},[60,75032,88],{"class":74},[60,75034,365],{"class":78},[60,75036,1604],{"class":82},[60,75038,356],{"class":78},[60,75040,108],{"class":74},[20,75042,171,75043,75045],{},[15,75044,74496],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,75047,75048],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[51,75050,75052],{"className":53,"code":75051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,75053,75054,75086,75104,75108,75118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75057,37227],{"class":66},[60,75059,71],{"class":70},[60,75061,75],{"class":74},[60,75063,79],{"class":78},[60,75065,1604],{"class":82},[60,75067,79],{"class":78},[60,75069,88],{"class":74},[60,75071,91],{"class":78},[60,75073,1619],{"class":82},[60,75075,79],{"class":78},[60,75077,88],{"class":74},[60,75079,91],{"class":78},[60,75081,5098],{"class":82},[60,75083,79],{"class":78},[60,75085,108],{"class":74},[60,75087,75088,75091,75093,75095,75098,75100,75102],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75089,75090],{"class":66},"reversed_fruits ",[60,75092,71],{"class":70},[60,75094,53831],{"class":66},[60,75096,75097],{"class":74},"[::",[60,75099,929],{"class":70},[60,75101,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75103,108],{"class":74},[60,75105,75106],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75107,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75109,75110,75112,75114,75116],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75111,143],{"class":142},[60,75113,130],{"class":74},[60,75115,37279],{"class":126},[60,75117,136],{"class":74},[60,75119,75120,75122,75124,75127],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,75121,143],{"class":142},[60,75123,130],{"class":74},[60,75125,75126],{"class":126},"reversed_fruits",[60,75128,136],{"class":74},[20,75130,153],{},[51,75132,75134],{"className":53,"code":75133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,75135,75136,75164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75137,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75139,353],{"class":74},[60,75141,356],{"class":78},[60,75143,1604],{"class":82},[60,75145,356],{"class":78},[60,75147,88],{"class":74},[60,75149,365],{"class":78},[60,75151,1619],{"class":82},[60,75153,356],{"class":78},[60,75155,88],{"class":74},[60,75157,365],{"class":78},[60,75159,5098],{"class":82},[60,75161,356],{"class":78},[60,75163,108],{"class":74},[60,75165,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75167,353],{"class":74},[60,75169,356],{"class":78},[60,75171,5098],{"class":82},[60,75173,356],{"class":78},[60,75175,88],{"class":74},[60,75177,365],{"class":78},[60,75179,1619],{"class":82},[60,75181,356],{"class":78},[60,75183,88],{"class":74},[60,75185,365],{"class":78},[60,75187,1604],{"class":82},[60,75189,356],{"class":78},[60,75191,108],{"class":74},[20,75193,75194,75195,123],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[551,75196,75197],{"href":74514},"Python list slicing explained",[46,75199,75201],{"id":75200},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,75203,75204],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[51,75206,75208],{"className":53,"code":75207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75209,75210,75230,75244,75248,75259],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75211,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75213,4629],{"class":66},[60,75215,71],{"class":70},[60,75217,75],{"class":74},[60,75219,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75221,88],{"class":74},[60,75223,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75225,88],{"class":74},[60,75227,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75229,108],{"class":74},[60,75231,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75233,56870],{"class":66},[60,75235,71],{"class":70},[60,75237,5264],{"class":66},[60,75239,123],{"class":74},[60,75241,74552],{"class":126},[60,75243,9640],{"class":74},[60,75245,75246],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75247,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75249,75250,75252,75254,75257],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75251,143],{"class":142},[60,75253,130],{"class":74},[60,75255,75256],{"class":126},"new_list",[60,75258,136],{"class":74},[60,75260,75261,75263,75265,75267],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,75262,143],{"class":142},[60,75264,130],{"class":74},[60,75266,4659],{"class":126},[60,75268,136],{"class":74},[20,75270,153],{},[51,75272,75274],{"className":53,"code":75273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75275,75276,75280],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75277,75278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75279,12803],{"class":1611},[60,75281,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75283,353],{"class":74},[60,75285,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75287,88],{"class":74},[60,75289,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75291,88],{"class":74},[60,75293,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75295,108],{"class":74},[20,75297,12895],{},[33,75299,75300,75308,75312],{},[36,75301,75302,75304,75305,75307],{},[15,75303,74496],{}," changes ",[15,75306,4659],{}," directly",[36,75309,41892,75310,72814],{},[4753,75311,5632],{},[36,75313,54633,75314,43141,75316],{},[15,75315,75256],{},[15,75317,1585],{},[20,75319,62874],{},[51,75321,75323],{"className":53,"code":75322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75324,75325,75345,75355,75359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75326,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75328,4629],{"class":66},[60,75330,71],{"class":70},[60,75332,75],{"class":74},[60,75334,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75336,88],{"class":74},[60,75338,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75340,88],{"class":74},[60,75342,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75344,108],{"class":74},[60,75346,75347,75349,75351,75353],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75348,4659],{"class":66},[60,75350,123],{"class":74},[60,75352,74552],{"class":126},[60,75354,9640],{"class":74},[60,75356,75357],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75358,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75360,75361,75363,75365,75367],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75362,143],{"class":142},[60,75364,130],{"class":74},[60,75366,4659],{"class":126},[60,75368,136],{"class":74},[20,75370,153],{},[51,75372,75374],{"className":53,"code":75373,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,75375,75376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75377,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75379,353],{"class":74},[60,75381,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75383,88],{"class":74},[60,75385,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75387,88],{"class":74},[60,75389,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75391,108],{"class":74},[46,75393,75395,11583,75397,75400],{"id":75394},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,75396,74496],{},[15,75398,75399],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,75402,75403],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[415,75405,75406],{"id":74552},[15,75407,74496],{},[20,75409,75410,75412],{},[15,75411,74496],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[51,75414,75416],{"className":53,"code":75415,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,75417,75418,75438,75448],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75419,75420,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75421,4629],{"class":66},[60,75423,71],{"class":70},[60,75425,75],{"class":74},[60,75427,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75429,88],{"class":74},[60,75431,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75433,88],{"class":74},[60,75435,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75437,108],{"class":74},[60,75439,75440,75442,75444,75446],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75441,4659],{"class":66},[60,75443,123],{"class":74},[60,75445,74552],{"class":126},[60,75447,9640],{"class":74},[60,75449,75450,75452,75454,75456],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75451,143],{"class":142},[60,75453,130],{"class":74},[60,75455,4659],{"class":126},[60,75457,136],{"class":74},[20,75459,153],{},[51,75461,75463],{"className":53,"code":75462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75464,75465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75466,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75468,353],{"class":74},[60,75470,1925],{"class":1402},[60,75472,88],{"class":74},[60,75474,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75476,88],{"class":74},[60,75478,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75480,108],{"class":74},[20,75482,75483,75484,75486],{},"Notice that this is ",[4753,75485,5632],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[415,75488,75490],{"id":75489},"sorted",[15,75491,75399],{},[20,75493,75494,75499],{},[551,75495,75497],{"href":75496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,75498,75399],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[51,75501,75503],{"className":53,"code":75502,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75504,75505,75525,75540,75544,75554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75506,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75508,4629],{"class":66},[60,75510,71],{"class":70},[60,75512,75],{"class":74},[60,75514,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75516,88],{"class":74},[60,75518,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75520,88],{"class":74},[60,75522,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75524,108],{"class":74},[60,75526,75527,75529,75531,75534,75536,75538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75528,114],{"class":66},[60,75530,71],{"class":70},[60,75532,75533],{"class":142}," sorted",[60,75535,130],{"class":74},[60,75537,4659],{"class":126},[60,75539,136],{"class":74},[60,75541,75542],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75543,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75545,75546,75548,75550,75552],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75547,143],{"class":142},[60,75549,130],{"class":74},[60,75551,4659],{"class":126},[60,75553,136],{"class":74},[60,75555,75556,75558,75560,75562],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,75557,143],{"class":142},[60,75559,130],{"class":74},[60,75561,148],{"class":126},[60,75563,136],{"class":74},[20,75565,153],{},[51,75567,75569],{"className":53,"code":75568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75570,75571,75587],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75572,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75574,353],{"class":74},[60,75576,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75578,88],{"class":74},[60,75580,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75582,88],{"class":74},[60,75584,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75586,108],{"class":74},[60,75588,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75590,353],{"class":74},[60,75592,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75594,88],{"class":74},[60,75596,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75598,88],{"class":74},[60,75600,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75602,108],{"class":74},[20,75604,75605,75606,123],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,75607,75608],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[415,75610,75612],{"id":75611},"slicing","Slicing",[20,75614,75615,75616,75619],{},"Slicing with ",[15,75617,75618],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[51,75621,75623],{"className":53,"code":75622,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,75624,75625,75645,75661,75665,75675],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75626,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75628,4629],{"class":66},[60,75630,71],{"class":70},[60,75632,75],{"class":74},[60,75634,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75636,88],{"class":74},[60,75638,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75640,88],{"class":74},[60,75642,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75644,108],{"class":74},[60,75646,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75648,114],{"class":66},[60,75650,71],{"class":70},[60,75652,5264],{"class":66},[60,75654,75097],{"class":74},[60,75656,929],{"class":70},[60,75658,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75660,108],{"class":74},[60,75662,75663],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75664,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75666,75667,75669,75671,75673],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75668,143],{"class":142},[60,75670,130],{"class":74},[60,75672,4659],{"class":126},[60,75674,136],{"class":74},[60,75676,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,75678,143],{"class":142},[60,75680,130],{"class":74},[60,75682,148],{"class":126},[60,75684,136],{"class":74},[20,75686,153],{},[51,75688,75690],{"className":53,"code":75689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,75691,75692,75708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75693,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75695,353],{"class":74},[60,75697,3079],{"class":1402},[60,75699,88],{"class":74},[60,75701,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75703,88],{"class":74},[60,75705,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75707,108],{"class":74},[60,75709,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75711,353],{"class":74},[60,75713,1925],{"class":1402},[60,75715,88],{"class":74},[60,75717,6499],{"class":1402},[60,75719,88],{"class":74},[60,75721,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75723,108],{"class":74},[415,75725,75727],{"id":75726},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[33,75729,75730,75735,75740],{},[36,75731,171,75732,75734],{},[15,75733,74496],{}," when you want to change the original list",[36,75736,171,75737,75739],{},[15,75738,75618],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[36,75741,171,75742,75744],{},[15,75743,75399],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,75746,75747,75748,75754],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[551,75749,75751,75752,2887],{"href":75750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,75753,65286],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[46,75756,5963,75758],{"id":75757},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,75759,74496],{},[20,75761,75762,75764],{},[15,75763,74496],{}," is a good choice:",[33,75766,75767,75770,75773],{},[36,75768,75769],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[36,75771,75772],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[36,75774,75775],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75777,75778,75779,123],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[551,75780,75782],{"href":75781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[46,75784,3845],{"id":3844},[20,75786,75787,75788,75790],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75789,74496],{}," for these reasons:",[33,75792,75793,75797,75802,75807],{},[36,75794,13589,75795,13592],{},[15,75796,74496],{},[36,75798,9449,75799,75801],{},[15,75800,74496],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[36,75803,9413,75804,75806],{},[15,75805,74496],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[36,75808,38192,75809,9702,75811],{},[15,75810,74496],{},[15,75812,75813],{},"reversed()",[20,75815,75816],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[51,75818,75820],{"className":53,"code":75819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75821,75822,75834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75823,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75825,35681],{"class":66},[60,75827,71],{"class":70},[60,75829,91],{"class":78},[60,75831,1008],{"class":82},[60,75833,2389],{"class":78},[60,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75837,35702],{"class":66},[60,75839,123],{"class":74},[60,75841,74552],{"class":126},[60,75843,9640],{"class":74},[20,75845,75846,75847,34594],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75848,74496],{},[20,75850,75851],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[51,75853,75855],{"className":53,"code":75854,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75856,75857,75877,75881,75891,75905,75909,75923,75933,75937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75858,75859,75861,75863,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75860,9303],{"class":66},[60,75862,71],{"class":70},[60,75864,75],{"class":74},[60,75866,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75868,88],{"class":74},[60,75870,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75872,88],{"class":74},[60,75874,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75876,108],{"class":74},[60,75878,75879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75880,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75882,75883,75885,75887,75889],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75884,143],{"class":142},[60,75886,130],{"class":74},[60,75888,9334],{"class":126},[60,75890,136],{"class":74},[60,75892,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75894,143],{"class":142},[60,75896,130],{"class":74},[60,75898,2629],{"class":1527},[60,75900,130],{"class":74},[60,75902,9334],{"class":126},[60,75904,1042],{"class":74},[60,75906,75907],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,75908,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75910,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,75912,114],{"class":66},[60,75914,71],{"class":70},[60,75916,9391],{"class":66},[60,75918,123],{"class":74},[60,75920,74552],{"class":126},[60,75922,9640],{"class":74},[60,75924,75925,75927,75929,75931],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,75926,143],{"class":142},[60,75928,130],{"class":74},[60,75930,148],{"class":126},[60,75932,136],{"class":74},[60,75934,75935],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,75936,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,75938,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,75940,143],{"class":142},[60,75942,130],{"class":74},[60,75944,9334],{"class":126},[60,75946,75097],{"class":74},[60,75948,929],{"class":70},[60,75950,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75952,2677],{"class":74},[20,75954,153],{},[51,75956,75958],{"className":53,"code":75957,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75959,75960,75976,75990,75994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,75961,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,75963,353],{"class":74},[60,75965,1432],{"class":1402},[60,75967,88],{"class":74},[60,75969,1437],{"class":1402},[60,75971,88],{"class":74},[60,75973,1442],{"class":1402},[60,75975,108],{"class":74},[60,75977,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986,75988],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,75979,4304],{"class":70},[60,75981,4307],{"class":3082},[60,75983,365],{"class":78},[60,75985,9089],{"class":82},[60,75987,356],{"class":78},[60,75989,4316],{"class":70},[60,75991,75992],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,75993,12803],{"class":1611},[60,75995,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,75997,353],{"class":74},[60,75999,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76001,88],{"class":74},[60,76003,1437],{"class":1402},[60,76005,88],{"class":74},[60,76007,6499],{"class":1402},[60,76009,108],{"class":74},[20,76011,76012],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[51,76014,76016],{"className":53,"code":76015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,76017,76018,76038,76042,76052,76066,76070,76084,76094,76104],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76019,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76021,9303],{"class":66},[60,76023,71],{"class":70},[60,76025,75],{"class":74},[60,76027,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76029,88],{"class":74},[60,76031,1437],{"class":1402},[60,76033,88],{"class":74},[60,76035,1442],{"class":1402},[60,76037,108],{"class":74},[60,76039,76040],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76041,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,76043,76044,76046,76048,76050],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76045,143],{"class":142},[60,76047,130],{"class":74},[60,76049,9334],{"class":126},[60,76051,136],{"class":74},[60,76053,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76055,143],{"class":142},[60,76057,130],{"class":74},[60,76059,2629],{"class":1527},[60,76061,130],{"class":74},[60,76063,9334],{"class":126},[60,76065,1042],{"class":74},[60,76067,76068],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,76069,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,76071,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,76073,114],{"class":66},[60,76075,71],{"class":70},[60,76077,9391],{"class":66},[60,76079,123],{"class":74},[60,76081,74552],{"class":126},[60,76083,9640],{"class":74},[60,76085,76086,76088,76090,76092],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,76087,143],{"class":142},[60,76089,130],{"class":74},[60,76091,148],{"class":126},[60,76093,136],{"class":74},[60,76095,76096,76098,76100,76102],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,76097,143],{"class":142},[60,76099,130],{"class":74},[60,76101,9334],{"class":126},[60,76103,136],{"class":74},[60,76105,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,76107,143],{"class":142},[60,76109,130],{"class":74},[60,76111,9334],{"class":126},[60,76113,75097],{"class":74},[60,76115,929],{"class":70},[60,76117,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76119,2677],{"class":74},[20,76121,153],{},[51,76123,76125],{"className":53,"code":76124,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,76126,76127,76143,76157,76161,76177],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76128,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76130,353],{"class":74},[60,76132,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76134,88],{"class":74},[60,76136,1437],{"class":1402},[60,76138,88],{"class":74},[60,76140,1442],{"class":1402},[60,76142,108],{"class":74},[60,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76146,4304],{"class":70},[60,76148,4307],{"class":3082},[60,76150,365],{"class":78},[60,76152,9089],{"class":82},[60,76154,356],{"class":78},[60,76156,4316],{"class":70},[60,76158,76159],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76160,12803],{"class":1611},[60,76162,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76164,353],{"class":74},[60,76166,3079],{"class":1402},[60,76168,88],{"class":74},[60,76170,1437],{"class":1402},[60,76172,88],{"class":74},[60,76174,6499],{"class":1402},[60,76176,108],{"class":74},[60,76178,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,76180,353],{"class":74},[60,76182,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76184,88],{"class":74},[60,76186,1437],{"class":1402},[60,76188,88],{"class":74},[60,76190,1442],{"class":1402},[60,76192,108],{"class":74},[20,76194,76195],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[33,76197,76198,76207,76216],{},[36,76199,28789,76200,76203,76204],{},[15,76201,76202],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,76205,76206],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[36,76208,12911,76209,76212,76213,23553],{},[15,76210,76211],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[4753,76214,76215],{},"current",[36,76217,76218,76219],{},"So it prints ",[15,76220,76221],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[46,76223,2804],{"id":2803},[415,76225,2808,76227,56449],{"id":76226},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,76228,74501],{},[20,76230,63579,76231,123],{},[15,76232,1585],{},[415,76234,35199,76236,35202,76238,2863],{"id":76235},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,76237,74496],{},[15,76239,76240],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,76242,76243,76245],{},[15,76244,74496],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,76247,76248,76250],{},[15,76249,76240],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[415,76252,2833,76254,76256],{"id":76253},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,76255,74496],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,76258,47347,76259,76261],{},[15,76260,74496],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[415,76263,76265],{"id":76264},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,76267,76268],{},"Use slicing:",[51,76270,76272],{"className":53,"code":76271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,76273,76274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76275,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76277,9334],{"class":66},[60,76279,75097],{"class":74},[60,76281,929],{"class":70},[60,76283,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76285,108],{"class":74},[20,76287,76288],{},"Or use:",[51,76290,76292],{"className":53,"code":76291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,76293,76294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76295,76296,76298,76300,76303,76305,76307],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76297,9089],{"class":1527},[60,76299,130],{"class":74},[60,76301,76302],{"class":142},"reversed",[60,76304,130],{"class":74},[60,76306,9334],{"class":126},[60,76308,1042],{"class":74},[20,76310,76311,76312,76316],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[551,76313,56500,76314],{"href":55940},[15,76315,13771],{}," can also help.",[46,76318,2870],{"id":2869},[33,76320,76321,76327,76333,76337,76341],{},[36,76322,76323],{},[551,76324,56500,76325,2887],{"href":75750},[15,76326,65286],{},[36,76328,76329],{},[551,76330,163,76331,1579],{"href":75496},[15,76332,75399],{},[36,76334,76335],{},[551,76336,75782],{"href":75781},[36,76338,76339],{},[551,76340,75197],{"href":74514},[36,76342,76343],{},[551,76344,56500,76345,2887],{"href":55940},[15,76346,13771],{},[2912,76348,76349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":76351},[76352,76353,76355,76356,76357,76359,76360,76367,76369,76370,76379],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":74575,"depth":111,"text":76354},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":74934,"depth":111,"text":76358},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":75200,"depth":111,"text":75201},{"id":75394,"depth":111,"text":76361,"children":76362},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[76363,76364,76365,76366],{"id":74552,"depth":139,"text":74496},{"id":75489,"depth":139,"text":75399},{"id":75611,"depth":139,"text":75612},{"id":75726,"depth":139,"text":75727},{"id":75757,"depth":111,"text":76368},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":76371},[76372,76374,76376,76378],{"id":76226,"depth":139,"text":76373},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":76235,"depth":139,"text":76375},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":76253,"depth":139,"text":76377},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":76264,"depth":139,"text":76265},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":74488,"description":76380},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":76387,"title":76388,"body":76389,"description":78821,"extension":2980,"meta":78822,"navigation":304,"path":78823,"seo":78824,"stem":78825,"__hash__":78826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":76390,"toc":78789},[76391,76394,76406,76409,76432,76440,76442,76554,76563,76567,76570,76573,76660,76662,76695,76697,76720,76726,76730,76733,76755,76757,76774,76777,76797,76799,76909,76911,76988,76992,76995,77037,77039,77172,77174,77276,77281,77285,77288,77290,77304,77307,77421,77423,77497,77499,77527,77531,77536,77566,77569,77695,77697,77779,77785,77789,77791,77830,77839,77843,77846,77850,77897,77899,77907,77911,77962,77964,77977,77979,77993,77996,78004,78006,78053,78055,78063,78066,78109,78114,78117,78120,78143,78147,78198,78201,78222,78232,78236,78238,78268,78271,78294,78298,78301,78368,78370,78407,78410,78418,78485,78487,78524,78530,78537,78541,78544,78574,78579,78583,78586,78610,78613,78707,78717,78719,78723,78726,78730,78733,78738,78741,78747,78750,78752,78780,78786],[10,76392,76388],{"id":76393},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,76395,76396,76397,287,76399,18066,76402,76405],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,76398,37062],{},[15,76400,76401],{},"stop",[15,76403,76404],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,76407,76408],{},"The basic slice form is:",[51,76410,76412],{"className":53,"code":76411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,76413,76414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76415,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76417,9334],{"class":66},[60,76419,353],{"class":74},[60,76421,37062],{"class":66},[60,76423,3901],{"class":74},[60,76425,76401],{"class":66},[60,76427,3901],{"class":74},[60,76429,76404],{"class":66},[60,76431,108],{"class":74},[20,76433,76434,76435,76437,76438,123],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,76436,76401],{}," position is ",[4753,76439,66044],{},[46,76441,3022],{"id":3021},[51,76443,76445],{"className":53,"code":76444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76446,76447,76475,76479,76500,76518,76535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76448,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76450,4629],{"class":66},[60,76452,71],{"class":70},[60,76454,75],{"class":74},[60,76456,1345],{"class":1402},[60,76458,88],{"class":74},[60,76460,1407],{"class":1402},[60,76462,88],{"class":74},[60,76464,8791],{"class":1402},[60,76466,88],{"class":74},[60,76468,51823],{"class":1402},[60,76470,88],{"class":74},[60,76472,6081],{"class":1402},[60,76474,108],{"class":74},[60,76476,76477],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76478,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,76480,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76482,143],{"class":142},[60,76484,130],{"class":74},[60,76486,4659],{"class":126},[60,76488,353],{"class":74},[60,76490,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76492,3901],{"class":74},[60,76494,3519],{"class":1402},[60,76496,21440],{"class":74},[60,76498,76499],{"class":4674},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[60,76501,76502,76504,76506,76508,76511,76513,76515],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76503,143],{"class":142},[60,76505,130],{"class":74},[60,76507,4659],{"class":126},[60,76509,76510],{"class":74},"[:",[60,76512,3079],{"class":1402},[60,76514,21440],{"class":74},[60,76516,76517],{"class":4674},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[60,76519,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,76521,143],{"class":142},[60,76523,130],{"class":74},[60,76525,4659],{"class":126},[60,76527,75097],{"class":74},[60,76529,1925],{"class":1402},[60,76531,21440],{"class":74},[60,76533,76534],{"class":4674},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[60,76536,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,76538,143],{"class":142},[60,76540,130],{"class":74},[60,76542,4659],{"class":126},[60,76544,75097],{"class":74},[60,76546,929],{"class":70},[60,76548,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76550,21440],{"class":74},[60,76552,76553],{"class":4674},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,76555,171,76556,76559,76560,76562],{},[15,76557,76558],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,76561,76401],{}," value is not included.",[46,76564,76566],{"id":76565},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,76568,76569],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,76571,76572],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[51,76574,76576],{"className":53,"code":76575,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,76577,76578,76626,76630,76649],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76579,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76581,767],{"class":66},[60,76583,71],{"class":70},[60,76585,75],{"class":74},[60,76587,79],{"class":78},[60,76589,551],{"class":82},[60,76591,79],{"class":78},[60,76593,88],{"class":74},[60,76595,91],{"class":78},[60,76597,2258],{"class":82},[60,76599,79],{"class":78},[60,76601,88],{"class":74},[60,76603,91],{"class":78},[60,76605,1895],{"class":82},[60,76607,79],{"class":78},[60,76609,88],{"class":74},[60,76611,91],{"class":78},[60,76613,19761],{"class":82},[60,76615,79],{"class":78},[60,76617,88],{"class":74},[60,76619,91],{"class":78},[60,76621,61427],{"class":82},[60,76623,79],{"class":78},[60,76625,108],{"class":74},[60,76627,76628],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76629,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,76631,76632,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76633,76634],{"class":66},"part ",[60,76636,71],{"class":70},[60,76638,71071],{"class":66},[60,76640,353],{"class":74},[60,76642,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76644,3901],{"class":74},[60,76646,3519],{"class":1402},[60,76648,108],{"class":74},[60,76650,76651,76653,76655,76658],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76652,143],{"class":142},[60,76654,130],{"class":74},[60,76656,76657],{"class":126},"part",[60,76659,136],{"class":74},[20,76661,153],{},[51,76663,76665],{"className":53,"code":76664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76666,76667],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76668,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76670,353],{"class":74},[60,76672,356],{"class":78},[60,76674,2258],{"class":82},[60,76676,356],{"class":78},[60,76678,88],{"class":74},[60,76680,365],{"class":78},[60,76682,1895],{"class":82},[60,76684,356],{"class":78},[60,76686,88],{"class":74},[60,76688,365],{"class":78},[60,76690,19761],{"class":82},[60,76692,356],{"class":78},[60,76694,108],{"class":74},[20,76696,14046],{},[33,76698,76699,76702,76705,76711,76717],{},[36,76700,76701],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[36,76703,76704],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[36,76706,76707,76708],{},"Basic form: ",[15,76709,76710],{},"list[start:stop]",[36,76712,76713,76714,76716],{},"The item at ",[15,76715,76401],{}," is not included",[36,76718,76719],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,76721,76722,76723,123],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[551,76724,76725],{"href":51958},"beginner guide to Python lists",[46,76727,76729],{"id":76728},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,76731,76732],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[51,76734,76735],{"className":53,"code":76411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,76736,76737],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76738,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76740,9334],{"class":66},[60,76742,353],{"class":74},[60,76744,37062],{"class":66},[60,76746,3901],{"class":74},[60,76748,76401],{"class":66},[60,76750,3901],{"class":74},[60,76752,76404],{"class":66},[60,76754,108],{"class":74},[20,76756,66020],{},[33,76758,76759,76764,76769],{},[36,76760,76761,76763],{},[15,76762,37062],{}," is where slicing begins",[36,76765,76766,76768],{},[15,76767,76401],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[36,76770,76771,76773],{},[15,76772,76404],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76775,76776],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[33,76778,76779,76785,76790],{},[36,76780,76781,76782,76784],{},"Missing ",[15,76783,37062],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[36,76786,76781,76787,76789],{},[15,76788,76401],{}," means go to the end of the list",[36,76791,76781,76792,76794,76795],{},[15,76793,76404],{}," means use ",[15,76796,1432],{},[20,76798,236],{},[51,76800,76802],{"className":53,"code":76801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76803,76804,76832,76836,76857,76874,76892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76805,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76807,4629],{"class":66},[60,76809,71],{"class":70},[60,76811,75],{"class":74},[60,76813,1345],{"class":1402},[60,76815,88],{"class":74},[60,76817,1407],{"class":1402},[60,76819,88],{"class":74},[60,76821,8791],{"class":1402},[60,76823,88],{"class":74},[60,76825,51823],{"class":1402},[60,76827,88],{"class":74},[60,76829,6081],{"class":1402},[60,76831,108],{"class":74},[60,76833,76834],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76835,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,76837,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76839,143],{"class":142},[60,76841,130],{"class":74},[60,76843,4659],{"class":126},[60,76845,353],{"class":74},[60,76847,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76849,3901],{"class":74},[60,76851,3519],{"class":1402},[60,76853,21440],{"class":74},[60,76855,76856],{"class":4674},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[60,76858,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76860,143],{"class":142},[60,76862,130],{"class":74},[60,76864,4659],{"class":126},[60,76866,76510],{"class":74},[60,76868,3079],{"class":1402},[60,76870,21440],{"class":74},[60,76872,76873],{"class":4674},"    # start from the beginning\n",[60,76875,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76889],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,76877,143],{"class":142},[60,76879,130],{"class":74},[60,76881,4659],{"class":126},[60,76883,353],{"class":74},[60,76885,1925],{"class":1402},[60,76887,76888],{"class":74},":])",[60,76890,76891],{"class":4674},"    # go to the end\n",[60,76893,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,76895,143],{"class":142},[60,76897,130],{"class":74},[60,76899,4659],{"class":126},[60,76901,75097],{"class":74},[60,76903,1432],{"class":1402},[60,76905,21440],{"class":74},[60,76907,76908],{"class":4674},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76910,153],{},[51,76912,76914],{"className":53,"code":76913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76915,76916,76932,76948,76964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,76919,353],{"class":74},[60,76921,1354],{"class":1402},[60,76923,88],{"class":74},[60,76925,8791],{"class":1402},[60,76927,88],{"class":74},[60,76929,51823],{"class":1402},[60,76931,108],{"class":74},[60,76933,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,76935,353],{"class":74},[60,76937,1345],{"class":1402},[60,76939,88],{"class":74},[60,76941,1407],{"class":1402},[60,76943,88],{"class":74},[60,76945,8791],{"class":1402},[60,76947,108],{"class":74},[60,76949,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,76951,353],{"class":74},[60,76953,1363],{"class":1402},[60,76955,88],{"class":74},[60,76957,51823],{"class":1402},[60,76959,88],{"class":74},[60,76961,6081],{"class":1402},[60,76963,108],{"class":74},[60,76965,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,76967,353],{"class":74},[60,76969,1345],{"class":1402},[60,76971,88],{"class":74},[60,76973,1407],{"class":1402},[60,76975,88],{"class":74},[60,76977,8791],{"class":1402},[60,76979,88],{"class":74},[60,76981,51823],{"class":1402},[60,76983,88],{"class":74},[60,76985,6081],{"class":1402},[60,76987,108],{"class":74},[46,76989,76991],{"id":76990},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76993,76994],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[33,76996,76997,77005,77014,77025,77031],{},[36,76998,76999,77002,77003,1989],{},[15,77000,77001],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,77004,821],{},[36,77006,77007,77010,77011,77013],{},[15,77008,77009],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,77012,821],{}," to the end",[36,77015,77016,77019,77020,77022,77023],{},[15,77017,77018],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,77021,551],{}," up to ",[15,77024,2258],{},[36,77026,77027,77030],{},[15,77028,77029],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[36,77032,77033,77036],{},[15,77034,77035],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,77038,236],{},[51,77040,77042],{"className":53,"code":77041,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,77043,77044,77077,77081,77098,77115,77136,77153],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77045,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77075],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77047,4629],{"class":66},[60,77049,71],{"class":70},[60,77051,75],{"class":74},[60,77053,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77055,88],{"class":74},[60,77057,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77059,88],{"class":74},[60,77061,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77063,88],{"class":74},[60,77065,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77067,88],{"class":74},[60,77069,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77071,88],{"class":74},[60,77073,77074],{"class":1402}," 60",[60,77076,108],{"class":74},[60,77078,77079],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77080,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,77082,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77084,143],{"class":142},[60,77086,130],{"class":74},[60,77088,4659],{"class":126},[60,77090,76510],{"class":74},[60,77092,3079],{"class":1402},[60,77094,21440],{"class":74},[60,77096,77097],{"class":4674},"    # first 3 items\n",[60,77099,77100,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,77101,143],{"class":142},[60,77103,130],{"class":74},[60,77105,4659],{"class":126},[60,77107,353],{"class":74},[60,77109,3079],{"class":1402},[60,77111,76888],{"class":74},[60,77113,77114],{"class":4674},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[60,77116,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,77118,143],{"class":142},[60,77120,130],{"class":74},[60,77122,4659],{"class":126},[60,77124,353],{"class":74},[60,77126,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77128,3901],{"class":74},[60,77130,3154],{"class":1402},[60,77132,21440],{"class":74},[60,77134,77135],{"class":4674},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[60,77137,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,77139,143],{"class":142},[60,77141,130],{"class":74},[60,77143,4659],{"class":126},[60,77145,75097],{"class":74},[60,77147,1925],{"class":1402},[60,77149,21440],{"class":74},[60,77151,77152],{"class":4674},"   # every second item\n",[60,77154,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165,77167,77169],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,77156,143],{"class":142},[60,77158,130],{"class":74},[60,77160,4659],{"class":126},[60,77162,75097],{"class":74},[60,77164,929],{"class":70},[60,77166,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77168,21440],{"class":74},[60,77170,77171],{"class":4674},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,77173,153],{},[51,77175,77177],{"className":53,"code":77176,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,77178,77179,77195,77211,77231,77247],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77180,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77182,353],{"class":74},[60,77184,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77186,88],{"class":74},[60,77188,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77190,88],{"class":74},[60,77192,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77194,108],{"class":74},[60,77196,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77198,353],{"class":74},[60,77200,57673],{"class":1402},[60,77202,88],{"class":74},[60,77204,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77206,88],{"class":74},[60,77208,77074],{"class":1402},[60,77210,108],{"class":74},[60,77212,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77214,353],{"class":74},[60,77216,1354],{"class":1402},[60,77218,88],{"class":74},[60,77220,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77222,88],{"class":74},[60,77224,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77226,88],{"class":74},[60,77228,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77230,108],{"class":74},[60,77232,77233,77235,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,77234,353],{"class":74},[60,77236,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77238,88],{"class":74},[60,77240,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77242,88],{"class":74},[60,77244,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77246,108],{"class":74},[60,77248,77249,77251,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,77250,353],{"class":74},[60,77252,77253],{"class":1402},"60",[60,77255,88],{"class":74},[60,77257,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77259,88],{"class":74},[60,77261,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77263,88],{"class":74},[60,77265,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77267,88],{"class":74},[60,77269,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77271,88],{"class":74},[60,77273,7005],{"class":1402},[60,77275,108],{"class":74},[20,77277,77278,77279,123],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[551,77280,15881],{"href":58199},[46,77282,77284],{"id":77283},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,77286,77287],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,77289,6473],{},[33,77291,77292,77298],{},[36,77293,77294,77297],{},[15,77295,77296],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[36,77299,77300,77303],{},[15,77301,77302],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,77305,77306],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[51,77308,77310],{"className":53,"code":77309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,77311,77312,77360,77364,77383,77402],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77313,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77315,767],{"class":66},[60,77317,71],{"class":70},[60,77319,75],{"class":74},[60,77321,79],{"class":78},[60,77323,551],{"class":82},[60,77325,79],{"class":78},[60,77327,88],{"class":74},[60,77329,91],{"class":78},[60,77331,2258],{"class":82},[60,77333,79],{"class":78},[60,77335,88],{"class":74},[60,77337,91],{"class":78},[60,77339,1895],{"class":82},[60,77341,79],{"class":78},[60,77343,88],{"class":74},[60,77345,91],{"class":78},[60,77347,19761],{"class":82},[60,77349,79],{"class":78},[60,77351,88],{"class":74},[60,77353,91],{"class":78},[60,77355,61427],{"class":82},[60,77357,79],{"class":78},[60,77359,108],{"class":74},[60,77361,77362],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77363,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,77365,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77367,143],{"class":142},[60,77369,130],{"class":74},[60,77371,843],{"class":126},[60,77373,353],{"class":74},[60,77375,929],{"class":70},[60,77377,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77379,21440],{"class":74},[60,77381,77382],{"class":4674},"    # last item\n",[60,77384,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,77386,143],{"class":142},[60,77388,130],{"class":74},[60,77390,843],{"class":126},[60,77392,353],{"class":74},[60,77394,929],{"class":70},[60,77396,3079],{"class":1402},[60,77398,76888],{"class":74},[60,77400,77401],{"class":4674},"   # last 3 items\n",[60,77403,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,77405,143],{"class":142},[60,77407,130],{"class":74},[60,77409,843],{"class":126},[60,77411,76510],{"class":74},[60,77413,929],{"class":70},[60,77415,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77417,21440],{"class":74},[60,77419,77420],{"class":4674},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,77422,153],{},[51,77424,77426],{"className":53,"code":77425,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,77427,77428,77433,77461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77429,77430],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77431,77432],{"class":66},"e\n",[60,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449,77451,77453,77455,77457,77459],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77436,353],{"class":74},[60,77438,356],{"class":78},[60,77440,1895],{"class":82},[60,77442,356],{"class":78},[60,77444,88],{"class":74},[60,77446,365],{"class":78},[60,77448,19761],{"class":82},[60,77450,356],{"class":78},[60,77452,88],{"class":74},[60,77454,365],{"class":78},[60,77456,61427],{"class":82},[60,77458,356],{"class":78},[60,77460,108],{"class":74},[60,77462,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77464,353],{"class":74},[60,77466,356],{"class":78},[60,77468,551],{"class":82},[60,77470,356],{"class":78},[60,77472,88],{"class":74},[60,77474,365],{"class":78},[60,77476,2258],{"class":82},[60,77478,356],{"class":78},[60,77480,88],{"class":74},[60,77482,365],{"class":78},[60,77484,1895],{"class":82},[60,77486,356],{"class":78},[60,77488,88],{"class":74},[60,77490,365],{"class":78},[60,77492,19761],{"class":82},[60,77494,356],{"class":78},[60,77496,108],{"class":74},[20,77498,14046],{},[33,77500,77501,77504,77508,77514,77520],{},[36,77502,77503],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[36,77505,77506,77297],{},[15,77507,77296],{},[36,77509,77510,77513],{},[15,77511,77512],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[36,77515,77516,77519],{},[15,77517,77518],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[36,77521,77522,77523,2360,77525],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,77524,37062],{},[15,77526,76401],{},[46,77528,77530],{"id":77529},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,77532,2997,77533,77535],{},[15,77534,76404],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[33,77537,77538,77541,77544,77549,77559],{},[36,77539,77540],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[36,77542,77543],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[36,77545,77546,77548],{},[15,77547,77035],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[36,77550,2580,77551,77553,77554,77556,77557],{},[15,77552,76404],{}," is negative, ",[15,77555,37062],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,77558,76401],{},[36,77560,77561,77563,77564],{},[15,77562,76404],{}," cannot be ",[15,77565,3137],{},[20,77567,77568],{},"Example with different step values:",[51,77570,77572],{"className":53,"code":77571,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,77573,77574,77606,77610,77627,77649,77668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77577,4629],{"class":66},[60,77579,71],{"class":70},[60,77581,75],{"class":74},[60,77583,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77585,88],{"class":74},[60,77587,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77589,88],{"class":74},[60,77591,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77593,88],{"class":74},[60,77595,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77597,88],{"class":74},[60,77599,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77601,88],{"class":74},[60,77603,77074],{"class":1402},[60,77605,108],{"class":74},[60,77607,77608],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77609,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,77611,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77613,143],{"class":142},[60,77615,130],{"class":74},[60,77617,4659],{"class":126},[60,77619,75097],{"class":74},[60,77621,1925],{"class":1402},[60,77623,21440],{"class":74},[60,77625,77626],{"class":4674},"     # every second item\n",[60,77628,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77642,77644,77646],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,77630,143],{"class":142},[60,77632,130],{"class":74},[60,77634,4659],{"class":126},[60,77636,353],{"class":74},[60,77638,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77640,77641],{"class":74},"::",[60,77643,1925],{"class":1402},[60,77645,21440],{"class":74},[60,77647,77648],{"class":4674},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[60,77650,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,77652,143],{"class":142},[60,77654,130],{"class":74},[60,77656,4659],{"class":126},[60,77658,75097],{"class":74},[60,77660,929],{"class":70},[60,77662,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77664,21440],{"class":74},[60,77666,77667],{"class":4674},"    # reverse the list\n",[60,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77686,77688,77690,77692],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,77671,143],{"class":142},[60,77673,130],{"class":74},[60,77675,4659],{"class":126},[60,77677,353],{"class":74},[60,77679,3519],{"class":1402},[60,77681,3901],{"class":74},[60,77683,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77685,3901],{"class":74},[60,77687,929],{"class":70},[60,77689,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77691,21440],{"class":74},[60,77693,77694],{"class":4674},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,77696,153],{},[51,77698,77700],{"className":53,"code":77699,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,77701,77702,77718,77734,77762],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77705,353],{"class":74},[60,77707,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77709,88],{"class":74},[60,77711,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77713,88],{"class":74},[60,77715,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77717,108],{"class":74},[60,77719,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77721,353],{"class":74},[60,77723,1354],{"class":1402},[60,77725,88],{"class":74},[60,77727,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77729,88],{"class":74},[60,77731,77074],{"class":1402},[60,77733,108],{"class":74},[60,77735,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756,77758,77760],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77737,353],{"class":74},[60,77739,77253],{"class":1402},[60,77741,88],{"class":74},[60,77743,6081],{"class":1402},[60,77745,88],{"class":74},[60,77747,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77749,88],{"class":74},[60,77751,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77753,88],{"class":74},[60,77755,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77757,88],{"class":74},[60,77759,7005],{"class":1402},[60,77761,108],{"class":74},[60,77763,77764,77766,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,77765,353],{"class":74},[60,77767,77768],{"class":1402},"50",[60,77770,88],{"class":74},[60,77772,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77774,88],{"class":74},[60,77776,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77778,108],{"class":74},[20,77780,77781,77782,123],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[551,77783,77784],{"href":75781},"how to reverse a list in Python",[415,77786,77788],{"id":77787},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77790,3852],{},[51,77792,77794],{"className":53,"code":77793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77795,77796,77816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77797,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812,77814],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77799,4629],{"class":66},[60,77801,71],{"class":70},[60,77803,75],{"class":74},[60,77805,1432],{"class":1402},[60,77807,88],{"class":74},[60,77809,1437],{"class":1402},[60,77811,88],{"class":74},[60,77813,1442],{"class":1402},[60,77815,108],{"class":74},[60,77817,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77819,143],{"class":142},[60,77821,130],{"class":74},[60,77823,4659],{"class":126},[60,77825,75097],{"class":74},[60,77827,3137],{"class":1402},[60,77829,2677],{"class":74},[20,77831,77832,77833,77835,77836,77838],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77834,41690],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77837,3137],{}," does not make sense.",[46,77840,77842],{"id":77841},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77844,77845],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[415,77847,77849],{"id":77848},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[51,77851,77853],{"className":53,"code":77852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77854,77855,77879,77883],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77856,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867,77869,77871,77873,77875,77877],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77858,4629],{"class":66},[60,77860,71],{"class":70},[60,77862,75],{"class":74},[60,77864,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77866,88],{"class":74},[60,77868,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77870,88],{"class":74},[60,77872,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77874,88],{"class":74},[60,77876,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77878,108],{"class":74},[60,77880,77881],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77882,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,77884,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77886,143],{"class":142},[60,77888,130],{"class":74},[60,77890,4659],{"class":126},[60,77892,353],{"class":74},[60,77894,1925],{"class":1402},[60,77896,2677],{"class":74},[20,77898,153],{},[51,77900,77901],{"className":53,"code":70815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,77902,77903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77904,77905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77906,70815],{"class":1402},[415,77908,77910],{"id":77909},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[51,77912,77914],{"className":53,"code":77913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77915,77916,77940,77944],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77917,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77919,4629],{"class":66},[60,77921,71],{"class":70},[60,77923,75],{"class":74},[60,77925,1345],{"class":1402},[60,77927,88],{"class":74},[60,77929,1407],{"class":1402},[60,77931,88],{"class":74},[60,77933,8791],{"class":1402},[60,77935,88],{"class":74},[60,77937,51823],{"class":1402},[60,77939,108],{"class":74},[60,77941,77942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,77943,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,77945,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,77947,143],{"class":142},[60,77949,130],{"class":74},[60,77951,4659],{"class":126},[60,77953,353],{"class":74},[60,77955,1925],{"class":1402},[60,77957,3901],{"class":74},[60,77959,3079],{"class":1402},[60,77961,2677],{"class":74},[20,77963,153],{},[51,77965,77967],{"className":53,"code":77966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30]\n",[15,77968,77969],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,77970,77971,77973,77975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,77972,353],{"class":74},[60,77974,1363],{"class":1402},[60,77976,108],{"class":74},[20,77978,14755],{},[33,77980,77981,77987],{},[36,77982,77983,77986],{},[15,77984,77985],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[36,77988,77989,77992],{},[15,77990,77991],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77994,77995],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[33,77997,77998,78001],{},[36,77999,78000],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[36,78002,78003],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,78005,236],{},[51,78007,78009],{"className":53,"code":78008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,78010,78011,78031,78035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78012,78013,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78014,4629],{"class":66},[60,78016,71],{"class":70},[60,78018,75],{"class":74},[60,78020,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78022,88],{"class":74},[60,78024,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78026,88],{"class":74},[60,78028,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78030,108],{"class":74},[60,78032,78033],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78034,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,78036,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78038,143],{"class":142},[60,78040,130],{"class":74},[60,78042,4659],{"class":126},[60,78044,353],{"class":74},[60,78046,3154],{"class":1402},[60,78048,3901],{"class":74},[60,78050,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78052,2677],{"class":74},[20,78054,153],{},[51,78056,78057],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,78058,78059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78060,78061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78062,39285],{"class":74},[20,78064,78065],{},"But this would raise an error:",[51,78067,78069],{"className":53,"code":78068,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,78070,78071,78091,78095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78072,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78074,4629],{"class":66},[60,78076,71],{"class":70},[60,78078,75],{"class":74},[60,78080,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78082,88],{"class":74},[60,78084,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78086,88],{"class":74},[60,78088,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78090,108],{"class":74},[60,78092,78093],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78094,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,78096,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78098,143],{"class":142},[60,78100,130],{"class":74},[60,78102,4659],{"class":126},[60,78104,353],{"class":74},[60,78106,3154],{"class":1402},[60,78108,2677],{"class":74},[20,78110,78111,78112,123],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[551,78113,70234],{"href":70233},[46,78115,16170],{"id":78116},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,78118,78119],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[33,78121,78122,78126,78128,78131,78137],{},[36,78123,5706,78124,76716],{},[15,78125,76401],{},[36,78127,61669],{},[36,78129,78130],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[36,78132,38192,78133,9702,78135],{},[15,78134,77035],{},[15,78136,74501],{},[36,78138,78139,78140,78142],{},"Using step ",[15,78141,3137],{},", which causes an error",[415,78144,78146],{"id":78145},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[51,78148,78150],{"className":53,"code":78149,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,78151,78152,78180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78153,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78155,4629],{"class":66},[60,78157,71],{"class":70},[60,78159,75],{"class":74},[60,78161,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78163,88],{"class":74},[60,78165,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78167,88],{"class":74},[60,78169,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78171,88],{"class":74},[60,78173,51823],{"class":1402},[60,78175,88],{"class":74},[60,78177,6081],{"class":1402},[60,78179,108],{"class":74},[60,78181,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78183,143],{"class":142},[60,78185,130],{"class":74},[60,78187,4659],{"class":126},[60,78189,353],{"class":74},[60,78191,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78193,3901],{"class":74},[60,78195,3519],{"class":1402},[60,78197,2677],{"class":74},[20,78199,78200],{},"This returns:",[51,78202,78204],{"className":53,"code":78203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78205,78206],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78207,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78209,353],{"class":74},[60,78211,1354],{"class":1402},[60,78213,88],{"class":74},[60,78215,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78217,88],{"class":74},[60,78219,51823],{"class":1402},[60,78221,108],{"class":74},[20,78223,41892,78224,78226,78227,78229,78230,123],{},[4753,78225,5632],{}," include ",[15,78228,77768],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,78231,3519],{},[415,78233,78235],{"id":78234},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,78237,17637],{},[51,78239,78241],{"className":53,"code":78240,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,78242,78243,78263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78244,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78246,4629],{"class":66},[60,78248,71],{"class":70},[60,78250,75],{"class":74},[60,78252,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78254,88],{"class":74},[60,78256,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78258,88],{"class":74},[60,78260,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78262,108],{"class":74},[60,78264,78265],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78266,78267],{"class":4674},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,78269,78270],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[51,78272,78274],{"className":53,"code":78273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,78275,78276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78277,78278,78280,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78279,143],{"class":142},[60,78281,130],{"class":74},[60,78283,4659],{"class":126},[60,78285,353],{"class":74},[60,78287,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78289,3901],{"class":74},[60,78291,3079],{"class":1402},[60,78293,2677],{"class":74},[415,78295,78297],{"id":78296},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,78299,78300],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[51,78302,78304],{"className":53,"code":78303,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78305,78306,78330,78344,78348,78358],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78307,78308,78310,78312,78314,78316,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78309,4629],{"class":66},[60,78311,71],{"class":70},[60,78313,75],{"class":74},[60,78315,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78317,88],{"class":74},[60,78319,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78321,88],{"class":74},[60,78323,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78325,88],{"class":74},[60,78327,51823],{"class":1402},[60,78329,108],{"class":74},[60,78331,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78333,76634],{"class":66},[60,78335,71],{"class":70},[60,78337,5264],{"class":66},[60,78339,76510],{"class":74},[60,78341,1925],{"class":1402},[60,78343,108],{"class":74},[60,78345,78346],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78347,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,78349,78350,78352,78354,78356],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,78351,143],{"class":142},[60,78353,130],{"class":74},[60,78355,76657],{"class":126},[60,78357,136],{"class":74},[60,78359,78360,78362,78364,78366],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,78361,143],{"class":142},[60,78363,130],{"class":74},[60,78365,4659],{"class":126},[60,78367,136],{"class":74},[20,78369,153],{},[51,78371,78373],{"className":53,"code":78372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,78374,78375,78387],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78376,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78378,353],{"class":74},[60,78380,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78382,88],{"class":74},[60,78384,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78386,108],{"class":74},[60,78388,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78390,353],{"class":74},[60,78392,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78394,88],{"class":74},[60,78396,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78398,88],{"class":74},[60,78400,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78402,88],{"class":74},[60,78404,51823],{"class":1402},[60,78406,108],{"class":74},[20,78408,78409],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[415,78411,78413,78414,9702,78416],{"id":78412},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,78415,77035],{},[15,78417,74501],{},[51,78419,78421],{"className":53,"code":78420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78422,78423,78443,78447,78464,78475],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78424,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78426,4629],{"class":66},[60,78428,71],{"class":70},[60,78430,75],{"class":74},[60,78432,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78434,88],{"class":74},[60,78436,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78438,88],{"class":74},[60,78440,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78442,108],{"class":74},[60,78444,78445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78446,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,78448,78449,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78450,78451],{"class":66},"reversed_copy ",[60,78453,71],{"class":70},[60,78455,5264],{"class":66},[60,78457,75097],{"class":74},[60,78459,929],{"class":70},[60,78461,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78463,108],{"class":74},[60,78465,78466,78468,78470,78473],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,78467,143],{"class":142},[60,78469,130],{"class":74},[60,78471,78472],{"class":126},"reversed_copy",[60,78474,136],{"class":74},[60,78476,78477,78479,78481,78483],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,78478,143],{"class":142},[60,78480,130],{"class":74},[60,78482,4659],{"class":126},[60,78484,136],{"class":74},[20,78486,153],{},[51,78488,78490],{"className":53,"code":78489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,78491,78492,78508],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78493,78494,78496,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78495,353],{"class":74},[60,78497,1363],{"class":1402},[60,78499,88],{"class":74},[60,78501,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78503,88],{"class":74},[60,78505,7005],{"class":1402},[60,78507,108],{"class":74},[60,78509,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78511,353],{"class":74},[60,78513,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78515,88],{"class":74},[60,78517,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78519,88],{"class":74},[60,78521,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78523,108],{"class":74},[20,78525,78526,78529],{},[15,78527,78528],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,78531,78532,78533,78536],{},"By contrast, ",[15,78534,78535],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[415,78538,78540],{"id":78539},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,78542,78543],{},"This is not allowed:",[51,78545,78547],{"className":53,"code":78546,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,78548,78549,78569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78550,78551,78553,78555,78557,78559,78561,78563,78565,78567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78552,4629],{"class":66},[60,78554,71],{"class":70},[60,78556,75],{"class":74},[60,78558,1345],{"class":1402},[60,78560,88],{"class":74},[60,78562,1407],{"class":1402},[60,78564,88],{"class":74},[60,78566,8791],{"class":1402},[60,78568,108],{"class":74},[60,78570,78571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78572,78573],{"class":4674},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,78575,78576,78577,123],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,78578,41690],{},[46,78580,78582],{"id":78581},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,78584,78585],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[33,78587,78588,78595,78601,78604,78607],{},[36,78589,38192,78590,2360,78592,78594],{},[15,78591,37062],{},[15,78593,76401],{}," positions",[36,78596,78597,78598,78600],{},"Assuming the ",[15,78599,76401],{}," index is included",[36,78602,78603],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[36,78605,78606],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[36,78608,78609],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,78611,78612],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[51,78614,78616],{"className":53,"code":78615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,78617,78618,78628,78642,78660,78674,78691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78619,78620,78622,78624,78626],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78621,143],{"class":142},[60,78623,130],{"class":74},[60,78625,9334],{"class":126},[60,78627,136],{"class":74},[60,78629,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78631,143],{"class":142},[60,78633,130],{"class":74},[60,78635,12157],{"class":142},[60,78637,130],{"class":74},[60,78639,9334],{"class":126},[60,78641,1042],{"class":74},[60,78643,78644,78646,78648,78650,78652,78654,78656,78658],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78645,143],{"class":142},[60,78647,130],{"class":74},[60,78649,9334],{"class":126},[60,78651,353],{"class":74},[60,78653,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78655,3901],{"class":74},[60,78657,3519],{"class":1402},[60,78659,2677],{"class":74},[60,78661,78662,78664,78666,78668,78670,78672],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,78663,143],{"class":142},[60,78665,130],{"class":74},[60,78667,9334],{"class":126},[60,78669,76510],{"class":74},[60,78671,3079],{"class":1402},[60,78673,2677],{"class":74},[60,78675,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,78677,143],{"class":142},[60,78679,130],{"class":74},[60,78681,9334],{"class":126},[60,78683,353],{"class":74},[60,78685,929],{"class":70},[60,78687,3079],{"class":1402},[60,78689,78690],{"class":74},":])\n",[60,78692,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,78694,143],{"class":142},[60,78696,130],{"class":74},[60,78698,9334],{"class":126},[60,78700,75097],{"class":74},[60,78702,929],{"class":70},[60,78704,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78706,2677],{"class":74},[20,78708,9413,78709,78711,78712,78716],{},[15,78710,43346],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[551,78713,78715],{"href":78714},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[46,78718,2804],{"id":2803},[415,78720,78722],{"id":78721},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,78724,78725],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[415,78727,78729],{"id":78728},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,78731,78732],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[415,78734,2846,78736,2850],{"id":78735},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,78737,77035],{},[20,78739,78740],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[415,78742,78744,78745,2863],{"id":78743},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,78746,71706],{},[20,78748,78749],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[46,78751,2870],{"id":2869},[33,78753,78754,78759,78764,78768,78772,78776],{},[36,78755,78756],{},[551,78757,78758],{"href":51958},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[36,78760,78761],{},[551,78762,78763],{"href":58134},"How to create a list in Python",[36,78765,78766],{},[551,78767,15958],{"href":58199},[36,78769,78770],{},[551,78771,75782],{"href":75781},[36,78773,78774],{},[551,78775,78715],{"href":78714},[36,78777,78778],{},[551,78779,70234],{"href":70233},[20,78781,78782,78783,78785],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78784,43346],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2912,78787,78788],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":78790},[78791,78792,78793,78794,78795,78796,78799,78803,78811,78812,78820],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":76565,"depth":111,"text":76566},{"id":76728,"depth":111,"text":76729},{"id":76990,"depth":111,"text":76991},{"id":77283,"depth":111,"text":77284},{"id":77529,"depth":111,"text":77530,"children":78797},[78798],{"id":77787,"depth":139,"text":77788},{"id":77841,"depth":111,"text":77842,"children":78800},[78801,78802],{"id":77848,"depth":139,"text":77849},{"id":77909,"depth":139,"text":77910},{"id":78116,"depth":111,"text":16170,"children":78804},[78805,78806,78807,78808,78810],{"id":78145,"depth":139,"text":78146},{"id":78234,"depth":139,"text":78235},{"id":78296,"depth":139,"text":78297},{"id":78412,"depth":139,"text":78809},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":78539,"depth":139,"text":78540},{"id":78581,"depth":111,"text":78582},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":78813},[78814,78815,78816,78818],{"id":78721,"depth":139,"text":78722},{"id":78728,"depth":139,"text":78729},{"id":78735,"depth":139,"text":78817},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78743,"depth":139,"text":78819},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":76388,"description":78821},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78828,"title":78829,"body":78830,"description":80898,"extension":2980,"meta":80899,"navigation":304,"path":80900,"seo":80901,"stem":80902,"__hash__":80903},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78831,"toc":80864},[78832,78837,78843,78849,78851,78898,78905,78910,78914,78929,78932,78985,78987,79012,79017,79019,79051,79054,79070,79072,79133,79135,79160,79164,79169,79222,79224,79249,79254,79315,79317,79342,79345,79352,79356,79359,79420,79422,79455,79458,79519,79521,79554,79560,79633,79635,79667,79674,79679,79684,79686,79698,79701,79779,79781,79822,79825,79899,79901,79934,79939,79946,79953,79957,79966,79970,79978,79980,80047,80049,80085,80090,80101,80103,80108,80113,80115,80178,80180,80205,80212,80217,80221,80224,80263,80268,80274,80279,80281,80308,80313,80316,80363,80365,80422,80429,80434,80440,80509,80513,80516,80579,80581,80614,80619,80621,80624,80705,80707,80731,80737,80739,80744,80748,80755,80763,80767,80769,80792,80796,80798,80825,80828,80835,80838,80840,80861],[10,78833,55322,78835,18],{"id":78834},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78836,65286],{},[20,78838,78839,78842],{},[15,78840,78841],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78844,78845,78846,78848],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78847,65286],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[46,78850,3022],{"id":3021},[51,78852,78854],{"className":53,"code":78853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78855,78856,78876,78886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78857,78858,78860,78862,78864,78866,78868,78870,78872,78874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78859,4629],{"class":66},[60,78861,71],{"class":70},[60,78863,75],{"class":74},[60,78865,3079],{"class":1402},[60,78867,88],{"class":74},[60,78869,6499],{"class":1402},[60,78871,88],{"class":74},[60,78873,1437],{"class":1402},[60,78875,108],{"class":74},[60,78877,78878,78880,78882,78884],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78879,4659],{"class":66},[60,78881,123],{"class":74},[60,78883,35793],{"class":126},[60,78885,9640],{"class":74},[60,78887,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78889,143],{"class":142},[60,78891,130],{"class":74},[60,78893,4659],{"class":126},[60,78895,2662],{"class":74},[60,78897,55912],{"class":4674},[20,78899,171,78900,78902,78903,123],{},[15,78901,78841],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78904,1585],{},[46,78906,178,78908,181],{"id":78907},"what-listsort-does",[15,78909,78841],{},[20,78911,78912,3901],{},[15,78913,78841],{},[33,78915,78916,78919,78922,78926],{},[36,78917,78918],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[36,78920,78921],{},"Changes the original list",[36,78923,12419,78924],{},[15,78925,1585],{},[36,78927,78928],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78930,78931],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[51,78933,78935],{"className":53,"code":78934,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78936,78937,78961,78971,78975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78938,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78940,4629],{"class":66},[60,78942,71],{"class":70},[60,78944,75],{"class":74},[60,78946,3154],{"class":1402},[60,78948,88],{"class":74},[60,78950,1437],{"class":1402},[60,78952,88],{"class":74},[60,78954,55116],{"class":1402},[60,78956,88],{"class":74},[60,78958,6499],{"class":1402},[60,78960,108],{"class":74},[60,78962,78963,78965,78967,78969],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,78964,4659],{"class":66},[60,78966,123],{"class":74},[60,78968,35793],{"class":126},[60,78970,9640],{"class":74},[60,78972,78973],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,78974,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,78976,78977,78979,78981,78983],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,78978,143],{"class":142},[60,78980,130],{"class":74},[60,78982,4659],{"class":126},[60,78984,136],{"class":74},[20,78986,153],{},[51,78988,78990],{"className":53,"code":78989,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78991,78992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,78993,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,78995,353],{"class":74},[60,78997,1432],{"class":1402},[60,78999,88],{"class":74},[60,79001,1437],{"class":1402},[60,79003,88],{"class":74},[60,79005,5606],{"class":1402},[60,79007,88],{"class":74},[60,79009,55116],{"class":1402},[60,79011,108],{"class":74},[20,79013,79014,79015,123],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[551,79016,68052],{"href":51958},[46,79018,389],{"id":388},[51,79020,79022],{"className":53,"code":79021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,79023,79024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79025,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79045,79047,79049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79027,9334],{"class":66},[60,79029,123],{"class":74},[60,79031,35793],{"class":126},[60,79033,130],{"class":74},[60,79035,15834],{"class":10173},[60,79037,71],{"class":70},[60,79039,1585],{"class":1611},[60,79041,88],{"class":74},[60,79043,79044],{"class":10173}," reverse",[60,79046,71],{"class":70},[60,79048,4685],{"class":1611},[60,79050,136],{"class":74},[20,79052,79053],{},"Main arguments:",[33,79055,79056,79061,79067],{},[36,79057,79058,79060],{},[15,79059,15834],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[36,79062,79063,79066],{},[15,79064,79065],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[36,79068,79069],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,79071,236],{},[51,79073,79075],{"className":53,"code":79074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79076,79077,79101,79119,79123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79078,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79080,4629],{"class":66},[60,79082,71],{"class":70},[60,79084,75],{"class":74},[60,79086,3519],{"class":1402},[60,79088,88],{"class":74},[60,79090,6499],{"class":1402},[60,79092,88],{"class":74},[60,79094,6994],{"class":1402},[60,79096,88],{"class":74},[60,79098,1437],{"class":1402},[60,79100,108],{"class":74},[60,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79104,4659],{"class":66},[60,79106,123],{"class":74},[60,79108,35793],{"class":126},[60,79110,130],{"class":74},[60,79112,74552],{"class":10173},[60,79114,71],{"class":70},[60,79116,4616],{"class":1611},[60,79118,136],{"class":74},[60,79120,79121],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79122,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79124,79125,79127,79129,79131],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79126,143],{"class":142},[60,79128,130],{"class":74},[60,79130,4659],{"class":126},[60,79132,136],{"class":74},[20,79134,153],{},[51,79136,79138],{"className":53,"code":79137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,79139,79140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79141,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79143,353],{"class":74},[60,79145,3043],{"class":1402},[60,79147,88],{"class":74},[60,79149,3471],{"class":1402},[60,79151,88],{"class":74},[60,79153,1437],{"class":1402},[60,79155,88],{"class":74},[60,79157,6499],{"class":1402},[60,79159,108],{"class":74},[46,79161,79163],{"id":79162},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,79165,171,79166,79168],{},[15,79167,65286],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[51,79170,79172],{"className":53,"code":79171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79173,79174,79198,79208,79212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79177,4629],{"class":66},[60,79179,71],{"class":70},[60,79181,75],{"class":74},[60,79183,1345],{"class":1402},[60,79185,88],{"class":74},[60,79187,1442],{"class":1402},[60,79189,88],{"class":74},[60,79191,7358],{"class":1402},[60,79193,88],{"class":74},[60,79195,6499],{"class":1402},[60,79197,108],{"class":74},[60,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79201,4659],{"class":66},[60,79203,123],{"class":74},[60,79205,35793],{"class":126},[60,79207,9640],{"class":74},[60,79209,79210],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79211,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79215,143],{"class":142},[60,79217,130],{"class":74},[60,79219,4659],{"class":126},[60,79221,136],{"class":74},[20,79223,153],{},[51,79225,79227],{"className":53,"code":79226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,79228,79229],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79232,353],{"class":74},[60,79234,1432],{"class":1402},[60,79236,88],{"class":74},[60,79238,1442],{"class":1402},[60,79240,88],{"class":74},[60,79242,7358],{"class":1402},[60,79244,88],{"class":74},[60,79246,7005],{"class":1402},[60,79248,108],{"class":74},[20,79250,171,79251,79253],{},[15,79252,79065],{}," for descending order:",[51,79255,79257],{"className":53,"code":79256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79258,79259,79283,79301,79305],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79260,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79262,4629],{"class":66},[60,79264,71],{"class":70},[60,79266,75],{"class":74},[60,79268,1345],{"class":1402},[60,79270,88],{"class":74},[60,79272,1442],{"class":1402},[60,79274,88],{"class":74},[60,79276,7358],{"class":1402},[60,79278,88],{"class":74},[60,79280,6499],{"class":1402},[60,79282,108],{"class":74},[60,79284,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79286,4659],{"class":66},[60,79288,123],{"class":74},[60,79290,35793],{"class":126},[60,79292,130],{"class":74},[60,79294,74552],{"class":10173},[60,79296,71],{"class":70},[60,79298,4616],{"class":1611},[60,79300,136],{"class":74},[60,79302,79303],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79304,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79306,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79308,143],{"class":142},[60,79310,130],{"class":74},[60,79312,4659],{"class":126},[60,79314,136],{"class":74},[20,79316,153],{},[51,79318,79320],{"className":53,"code":79319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,79321,79322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79323,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79325,353],{"class":74},[60,79327,1345],{"class":1402},[60,79329,88],{"class":74},[60,79331,7358],{"class":1402},[60,79333,88],{"class":74},[60,79335,1442],{"class":1402},[60,79337,88],{"class":74},[60,79339,6499],{"class":1402},[60,79341,108],{"class":74},[20,79343,79344],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,79346,79347,79348,123],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[551,79349,79351],{"href":79350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[46,79353,79355],{"id":79354},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,79357,79358],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[51,79360,79362],{"className":53,"code":79361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79363,79364,79396,79406,79410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79365,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79367,67],{"class":66},[60,79369,71],{"class":70},[60,79371,75],{"class":74},[60,79373,79],{"class":78},[60,79375,1619],{"class":82},[60,79377,79],{"class":78},[60,79379,88],{"class":74},[60,79381,91],{"class":78},[60,79383,1604],{"class":82},[60,79385,79],{"class":78},[60,79387,88],{"class":74},[60,79389,91],{"class":78},[60,79391,5098],{"class":82},[60,79393,79],{"class":78},[60,79395,108],{"class":74},[60,79397,79398,79400,79402,79404],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79399,133],{"class":66},[60,79401,123],{"class":74},[60,79403,35793],{"class":126},[60,79405,9640],{"class":74},[60,79407,79408],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79409,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79411,79412,79414,79416,79418],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79413,143],{"class":142},[60,79415,130],{"class":74},[60,79417,133],{"class":126},[60,79419,136],{"class":74},[20,79421,153],{},[51,79423,79425],{"className":53,"code":79424,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79426,79427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79428,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79430,353],{"class":74},[60,79432,356],{"class":78},[60,79434,1604],{"class":82},[60,79436,356],{"class":78},[60,79438,88],{"class":74},[60,79440,365],{"class":78},[60,79442,1619],{"class":82},[60,79444,356],{"class":78},[60,79446,88],{"class":74},[60,79448,365],{"class":78},[60,79450,5098],{"class":82},[60,79452,356],{"class":78},[60,79454,108],{"class":74},[20,79456,79457],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[51,79459,79461],{"className":53,"code":79460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79462,79463,79495,79505,79509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79464,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477,79479,79481,79483,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79466,67],{"class":66},[60,79468,71],{"class":70},[60,79470,75],{"class":74},[60,79472,79],{"class":78},[60,79474,1619],{"class":82},[60,79476,79],{"class":78},[60,79478,88],{"class":74},[60,79480,91],{"class":78},[60,79482,58748],{"class":82},[60,79484,79],{"class":78},[60,79486,88],{"class":74},[60,79488,91],{"class":78},[60,79490,5098],{"class":82},[60,79492,79],{"class":78},[60,79494,108],{"class":74},[60,79496,79497,79499,79501,79503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79498,133],{"class":66},[60,79500,123],{"class":74},[60,79502,35793],{"class":126},[60,79504,9640],{"class":74},[60,79506,79507],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79508,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79510,79511,79513,79515,79517],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79512,143],{"class":142},[60,79514,130],{"class":74},[60,79516,133],{"class":126},[60,79518,136],{"class":74},[20,79520,153],{},[51,79522,79524],{"className":53,"code":79523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,79525,79526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79527,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79529,353],{"class":74},[60,79531,356],{"class":78},[60,79533,58748],{"class":82},[60,79535,356],{"class":78},[60,79537,88],{"class":74},[60,79539,365],{"class":78},[60,79541,1619],{"class":82},[60,79543,356],{"class":78},[60,79545,88],{"class":74},[60,79547,365],{"class":78},[60,79549,5098],{"class":82},[60,79551,356],{"class":78},[60,79553,108],{"class":74},[20,79555,79556,79557,3901],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,79558,79559],{},"key=str.lower",[51,79561,79563],{"className":53,"code":79562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79564,79565,79597,79619,79623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79566,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79568,67],{"class":66},[60,79570,71],{"class":70},[60,79572,75],{"class":74},[60,79574,79],{"class":78},[60,79576,1619],{"class":82},[60,79578,79],{"class":78},[60,79580,88],{"class":74},[60,79582,91],{"class":78},[60,79584,58748],{"class":82},[60,79586,79],{"class":78},[60,79588,88],{"class":74},[60,79590,91],{"class":78},[60,79592,5098],{"class":82},[60,79594,79],{"class":78},[60,79596,108],{"class":74},[60,79598,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79600,133],{"class":66},[60,79602,123],{"class":74},[60,79604,35793],{"class":126},[60,79606,130],{"class":74},[60,79608,15834],{"class":10173},[60,79610,71],{"class":70},[60,79612,1528],{"class":1527},[60,79614,123],{"class":74},[60,79616,9637],{"class":25743},[60,79618,136],{"class":74},[60,79620,79621],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79622,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79626,143],{"class":142},[60,79628,130],{"class":74},[60,79630,133],{"class":126},[60,79632,136],{"class":74},[20,79634,153],{},[51,79636,79637],{"className":53,"code":79523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,79638,79639],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79640,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79642,353],{"class":74},[60,79644,356],{"class":78},[60,79646,58748],{"class":82},[60,79648,356],{"class":78},[60,79650,88],{"class":74},[60,79652,365],{"class":78},[60,79654,1619],{"class":82},[60,79656,356],{"class":78},[60,79658,88],{"class":74},[60,79660,365],{"class":78},[60,79662,5098],{"class":82},[60,79664,356],{"class":78},[60,79666,108],{"class":74},[20,79668,79669,79670,79673],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,79671,79672],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[46,79675,37601,79677,37604],{"id":79676},"using-the-key-argument",[15,79678,15834],{},[20,79680,2997,79681,79683],{},[15,79682,15834],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,79685,8340],{},[33,79687,79688,79693],{},[36,79689,79690,79692],{},[15,79691,12157],{}," to sort by length",[36,79694,79695,79697],{},[15,79696,79672],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,79699,79700],{},"Sort words by length:",[51,79702,79704],{"className":53,"code":79703,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79705,79706,79747,79765,79769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79707,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737,79739,79741,79743,79745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79709,67],{"class":66},[60,79711,71],{"class":70},[60,79713,75],{"class":74},[60,79715,79],{"class":78},[60,79717,79718],{"class":82},"pear",[60,79720,79],{"class":78},[60,79722,88],{"class":74},[60,79724,91],{"class":78},[60,79726,1619],{"class":82},[60,79728,79],{"class":78},[60,79730,88],{"class":74},[60,79732,91],{"class":78},[60,79734,39346],{"class":82},[60,79736,79],{"class":78},[60,79738,88],{"class":74},[60,79740,91],{"class":78},[60,79742,1604],{"class":82},[60,79744,79],{"class":78},[60,79746,108],{"class":74},[60,79748,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79750,133],{"class":66},[60,79752,123],{"class":74},[60,79754,35793],{"class":126},[60,79756,130],{"class":74},[60,79758,15834],{"class":10173},[60,79760,71],{"class":70},[60,79762,12157],{"class":142},[60,79764,136],{"class":74},[60,79766,79767],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79768,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79770,79771,79773,79775,79777],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79772,143],{"class":142},[60,79774,130],{"class":74},[60,79776,133],{"class":126},[60,79778,136],{"class":74},[20,79780,153],{},[51,79782,79784],{"className":53,"code":79783,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79785,79786],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79787,79788,79790,79792,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79789,353],{"class":74},[60,79791,356],{"class":78},[60,79793,39346],{"class":82},[60,79795,356],{"class":78},[60,79797,88],{"class":74},[60,79799,365],{"class":78},[60,79801,79718],{"class":82},[60,79803,356],{"class":78},[60,79805,88],{"class":74},[60,79807,365],{"class":78},[60,79809,1604],{"class":82},[60,79811,356],{"class":78},[60,79813,88],{"class":74},[60,79815,365],{"class":78},[60,79817,1619],{"class":82},[60,79819,356],{"class":78},[60,79821,108],{"class":74},[20,79823,79824],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[51,79826,79828],{"className":53,"code":79827,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79829,79830,79863,79885,79889],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79831,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79859,79861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79833,67],{"class":66},[60,79835,71],{"class":70},[60,79837,75],{"class":74},[60,79839,79],{"class":78},[60,79841,6014],{"class":82},[60,79843,79],{"class":78},[60,79845,88],{"class":74},[60,79847,91],{"class":78},[60,79849,18796],{"class":82},[60,79851,79],{"class":78},[60,79853,88],{"class":74},[60,79855,91],{"class":78},[60,79857,79858],{"class":82},"Carol",[60,79860,79],{"class":78},[60,79862,108],{"class":74},[60,79864,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881,79883],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,79866,133],{"class":66},[60,79868,123],{"class":74},[60,79870,35793],{"class":126},[60,79872,130],{"class":74},[60,79874,15834],{"class":10173},[60,79876,71],{"class":70},[60,79878,1528],{"class":1527},[60,79880,123],{"class":74},[60,79882,9637],{"class":25743},[60,79884,136],{"class":74},[60,79886,79887],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,79888,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,79890,79891,79893,79895,79897],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,79892,143],{"class":142},[60,79894,130],{"class":74},[60,79896,133],{"class":126},[60,79898,136],{"class":74},[20,79900,153],{},[51,79902,79904],{"className":53,"code":79903,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79905,79906],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79907,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79909,353],{"class":74},[60,79911,356],{"class":78},[60,79913,18796],{"class":82},[60,79915,356],{"class":78},[60,79917,88],{"class":74},[60,79919,365],{"class":78},[60,79921,6014],{"class":82},[60,79923,356],{"class":78},[60,79925,88],{"class":74},[60,79927,365],{"class":78},[60,79929,79858],{"class":82},[60,79931,356],{"class":78},[60,79933,108],{"class":74},[20,79935,2997,79936,79938],{},[15,79937,15834],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[46,79940,79942,11583,79944],{"id":79941},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79943,78841],{},[15,79945,75399],{},[20,79947,79948,2360,79950,79952],{},[15,79949,78841],{},[15,79951,75399],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79954,79955,3901],{},[15,79956,78841],{},[33,79958,79959,79962],{},[36,79960,79961],{},"Changes the existing list",[36,79963,12419,79964],{},[15,79965,1585],{},[20,79967,79968,3901],{},[15,79969,75399],{},[33,79971,79972,79975],{},[36,79973,79974],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[36,79976,79977],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79979,236],{},[51,79981,79983],{"className":53,"code":79982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79984,79985,80005,80009,80023,80027,80037],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,79986,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,79988,4629],{"class":66},[60,79990,71],{"class":70},[60,79992,75],{"class":74},[60,79994,3079],{"class":1402},[60,79996,88],{"class":74},[60,79998,6499],{"class":1402},[60,80000,88],{"class":74},[60,80002,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80004,108],{"class":74},[60,80006,80007],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80008,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80010,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80012,56870],{"class":66},[60,80014,71],{"class":70},[60,80016,75533],{"class":142},[60,80018,130],{"class":74},[60,80020,4659],{"class":126},[60,80022,136],{"class":74},[60,80024,80025],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80026,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80028,80029,80031,80033,80035],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,80030,143],{"class":142},[60,80032,130],{"class":74},[60,80034,4659],{"class":126},[60,80036,136],{"class":74},[60,80038,80039,80041,80043,80045],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,80040,143],{"class":142},[60,80042,130],{"class":74},[60,80044,75256],{"class":126},[60,80046,136],{"class":74},[20,80048,153],{},[51,80050,80051],{"className":53,"code":75568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,80052,80053,80069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80054,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80056,353],{"class":74},[60,80058,3079],{"class":1402},[60,80060,88],{"class":74},[60,80062,6499],{"class":1402},[60,80064,88],{"class":74},[60,80066,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80068,108],{"class":74},[60,80070,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80072,353],{"class":74},[60,80074,1432],{"class":1402},[60,80076,88],{"class":74},[60,80078,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80080,88],{"class":74},[60,80082,1442],{"class":1402},[60,80084,108],{"class":74},[20,80086,171,80087,80089],{},[15,80088,75399],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,80091,80092,80093,2360,80097,123],{},"You can learn more in ",[551,80094,163,80095,6785],{"href":75496},[15,80096,75399],{},[551,80098,80100],{"href":80099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[46,80102,3845],{"id":3844},[20,80104,80105,80106,123],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,80107,78841],{},[415,80109,13589,80111],{"id":80110},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,80112,65286],{},[20,80114,26683],{},[51,80116,80118],{"className":53,"code":80117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80119,80120,80140,80154,80158,80168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80121,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80123,4629],{"class":66},[60,80125,71],{"class":70},[60,80127,75],{"class":74},[60,80129,3079],{"class":1402},[60,80131,88],{"class":74},[60,80133,6499],{"class":1402},[60,80135,88],{"class":74},[60,80137,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80139,108],{"class":74},[60,80141,80142,80144,80146,80148,80150,80152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80143,114],{"class":66},[60,80145,71],{"class":70},[60,80147,5264],{"class":66},[60,80149,123],{"class":74},[60,80151,35793],{"class":126},[60,80153,9640],{"class":74},[60,80155,80156],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80157,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80159,80160,80162,80164,80166],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80161,143],{"class":142},[60,80163,130],{"class":74},[60,80165,148],{"class":126},[60,80167,136],{"class":74},[60,80169,80170,80172,80174,80176],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,80171,143],{"class":142},[60,80173,130],{"class":74},[60,80175,4659],{"class":126},[60,80177,136],{"class":74},[20,80179,153],{},[51,80181,80183],{"className":53,"code":80182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,80184,80185,80189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80186,80187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80188,12803],{"class":1611},[60,80190,80191,80193,80195,80197,80199,80201,80203],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80192,353],{"class":74},[60,80194,1432],{"class":1402},[60,80196,88],{"class":74},[60,80198,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80200,88],{"class":74},[60,80202,1442],{"class":1402},[60,80204,108],{"class":74},[20,80206,80207,80209,80210,123],{},[15,80208,65286],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,80211,1585],{},[20,80213,80214,80215,2225],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,80216,75399],{},[415,80218,80220],{"id":80219},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,80222,80223],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[51,80225,80227],{"className":53,"code":80226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,80228,80229,80253],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80230,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80232,664],{"class":66},[60,80234,71],{"class":70},[60,80236,75],{"class":74},[60,80238,1432],{"class":1402},[60,80240,88],{"class":74},[60,80242,91],{"class":78},[60,80244,904],{"class":82},[60,80246,79],{"class":78},[60,80248,88],{"class":74},[60,80250,1442],{"class":1402},[60,80252,108],{"class":74},[60,80254,80255,80257,80259,80261],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80256,716],{"class":66},[60,80258,123],{"class":74},[60,80260,35793],{"class":126},[60,80262,9640],{"class":74},[20,80264,4016,80265,80267],{},[15,80266,1472],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[415,80269,5706,80271,80273],{"id":80270},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,80272,65286],{}," only works on lists",[20,80275,80276,80278],{},[15,80277,65286],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,80280,17637],{},[51,80282,80284],{"className":53,"code":80283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,80285,80286,80298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80287,80288,80290,80292,80294,80296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80289,35681],{"class":66},[60,80291,71],{"class":70},[60,80293,91],{"class":78},[60,80295,55],{"class":82},[60,80297,2389],{"class":78},[60,80299,80300,80302,80304,80306],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80301,35702],{"class":66},[60,80303,123],{"class":74},[60,80305,35793],{"class":126},[60,80307,9640],{"class":74},[20,80309,80310,80311,34594],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,80312,65286],{},[20,80314,80315],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[51,80317,80319],{"className":53,"code":80318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,80320,80321,80339,80349,80353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80322,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333,80335,80337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80324,767],{"class":66},[60,80326,71],{"class":70},[60,80328,23553],{"class":1527},[60,80330,130],{"class":74},[60,80332,79],{"class":78},[60,80334,55],{"class":82},[60,80336,79],{"class":78},[60,80338,136],{"class":74},[60,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80342,843],{"class":66},[60,80344,123],{"class":74},[60,80346,35793],{"class":126},[60,80348,9640],{"class":74},[60,80350,80351],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80352,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80354,80355,80357,80359,80361],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80356,143],{"class":142},[60,80358,130],{"class":74},[60,80360,843],{"class":126},[60,80362,136],{"class":74},[20,80364,153],{},[51,80366,80368],{"className":53,"code":80367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,80369,80370],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80371,80372,80374,80376,80378,80380,80382,80384,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80373,353],{"class":74},[60,80375,356],{"class":78},[60,80377,803],{"class":82},[60,80379,356],{"class":78},[60,80381,88],{"class":74},[60,80383,365],{"class":78},[60,80385,821],{"class":82},[60,80387,356],{"class":78},[60,80389,88],{"class":74},[60,80391,365],{"class":78},[60,80393,812],{"class":82},[60,80395,356],{"class":78},[60,80397,88],{"class":74},[60,80399,365],{"class":78},[60,80401,20],{"class":82},[60,80403,356],{"class":78},[60,80405,88],{"class":74},[60,80407,365],{"class":78},[60,80409,794],{"class":82},[60,80411,356],{"class":78},[60,80413,88],{"class":74},[60,80415,365],{"class":78},[60,80417,785],{"class":82},[60,80419,356],{"class":78},[60,80421,108],{"class":74},[415,80423,80425,80426,80428],{"id":80424},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,80427,15834],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,80430,80431,80432,123],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,80433,15834],{},[20,80435,80436,80437,80439],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,80438,65286],{}," will not do that:",[51,80441,80443],{"className":53,"code":80442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80444,80445,80477,80495,80499],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80446,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80448,67],{"class":66},[60,80450,71],{"class":70},[60,80452,75],{"class":74},[60,80454,79],{"class":78},[60,80456,1619],{"class":82},[60,80458,79],{"class":78},[60,80460,88],{"class":74},[60,80462,91],{"class":78},[60,80464,39346],{"class":82},[60,80466,79],{"class":78},[60,80468,88],{"class":74},[60,80470,91],{"class":78},[60,80472,1604],{"class":82},[60,80474,79],{"class":78},[60,80476,108],{"class":74},[60,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80480,133],{"class":66},[60,80482,123],{"class":74},[60,80484,35793],{"class":126},[60,80486,130],{"class":74},[60,80488,15834],{"class":10173},[60,80490,71],{"class":70},[60,80492,12157],{"class":142},[60,80494,136],{"class":74},[60,80496,80497],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80498,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80500,80501,80503,80505,80507],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80502,143],{"class":142},[60,80504,130],{"class":74},[60,80506,133],{"class":126},[60,80508,136],{"class":74},[415,80510,80512],{"id":80511},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,80514,80515],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[51,80517,80519],{"className":53,"code":80518,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,80520,80521,80555,80565,80569],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80522,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80551,80553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80524,67],{"class":66},[60,80526,71],{"class":70},[60,80528,75],{"class":74},[60,80530,79],{"class":78},[60,80532,80533],{"class":82},"zebra",[60,80535,79],{"class":78},[60,80537,88],{"class":74},[60,80539,91],{"class":78},[60,80541,58748],{"class":82},[60,80543,79],{"class":78},[60,80545,88],{"class":74},[60,80547,91],{"class":78},[60,80549,80550],{"class":82},"monkey",[60,80552,79],{"class":78},[60,80554,108],{"class":74},[60,80556,80557,80559,80561,80563],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80558,133],{"class":66},[60,80560,123],{"class":74},[60,80562,35793],{"class":126},[60,80564,9640],{"class":74},[60,80566,80567],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80568,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,80570,80571,80573,80575,80577],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80572,143],{"class":142},[60,80574,130],{"class":74},[60,80576,133],{"class":126},[60,80578,136],{"class":74},[20,80580,153],{},[51,80582,80584],{"className":53,"code":80583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,80585,80586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80587,80588,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80589,353],{"class":74},[60,80591,356],{"class":78},[60,80593,58748],{"class":82},[60,80595,356],{"class":78},[60,80597,88],{"class":74},[60,80599,365],{"class":78},[60,80601,80550],{"class":82},[60,80603,356],{"class":78},[60,80605,88],{"class":74},[60,80607,365],{"class":78},[60,80609,80533],{"class":82},[60,80611,356],{"class":78},[60,80613,108],{"class":74},[20,80615,171,80616,80618],{},[15,80617,79559],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[415,80620,61687],{"id":61686},[20,80622,80623],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,80625,80627],{"className":53,"code":80626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,80628,80629,80639,80653,80667,80681],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80630,80631,80633,80635,80637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80632,143],{"class":142},[60,80634,130],{"class":74},[60,80636,9334],{"class":126},[60,80638,136],{"class":74},[60,80640,80641,80643,80645,80647,80649,80651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80642,143],{"class":142},[60,80644,130],{"class":74},[60,80646,2629],{"class":1527},[60,80648,130],{"class":74},[60,80650,9334],{"class":126},[60,80652,1042],{"class":74},[60,80654,80655,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,80656,143],{"class":142},[60,80658,130],{"class":74},[60,80660,9334],{"class":126},[60,80662,123],{"class":74},[60,80664,35793],{"class":126},[60,80666,8193],{"class":74},[60,80668,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,80670,143],{"class":142},[60,80672,130],{"class":74},[60,80674,75489],{"class":142},[60,80676,130],{"class":74},[60,80678,9334],{"class":126},[60,80680,1042],{"class":74},[60,80682,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,80684,143],{"class":142},[60,80686,2652],{"class":74},[60,80688,2629],{"class":1527},[60,80690,130],{"class":74},[60,80692,2659],{"class":126},[60,80694,2662],{"class":74},[60,80696,2666],{"class":2665},[60,80698,2669],{"class":126},[60,80700,2672],{"class":2665},[60,80702,9391],{"class":126},[60,80704,2677],{"class":74},[20,80706,12166],{},[33,80708,80709,80712,80715,80722,80728],{},[36,80710,80711],{},"What values are in the list",[36,80713,80714],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[36,80716,80717,80718,3412,80720],{},"That ",[15,80719,65286],{},[15,80721,1585],{},[36,80723,80724,80725,80727],{},"Whether ",[15,80726,75399],{}," works better for your case",[36,80729,80730],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,80732,80733,80734,80736],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,80735,1472],{}," problems.",[46,80738,2804],{"id":2803},[415,80740,2808,80742,56449],{"id":80741},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,80743,78841],{},[20,80745,63579,80746,123],{},[15,80747,1585],{},[415,80749,6180,80751,2360,80753,2863],{"id":80750},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,80752,65286],{},[15,80754,75399],{},[20,80756,80757,80759,80760,80762],{},[15,80758,65286],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,80761,75399],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[415,80764,80766],{"id":80765},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,80768,19688],{},[51,80770,80772],{"className":53,"code":80771,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80773,80774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80775,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80777,9334],{"class":66},[60,80779,123],{"class":74},[60,80781,35793],{"class":126},[60,80783,130],{"class":74},[60,80785,74552],{"class":10173},[60,80787,71],{"class":70},[60,80789,4616],{"class":1611},[60,80791,136],{"class":74},[415,80793,80795],{"id":80794},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80797,19688],{},[51,80799,80801],{"className":53,"code":80800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80802,80803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80804,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80806,9334],{"class":66},[60,80808,123],{"class":74},[60,80810,35793],{"class":126},[60,80812,130],{"class":74},[60,80814,15834],{"class":10173},[60,80816,71],{"class":70},[60,80818,1528],{"class":1527},[60,80820,123],{"class":74},[60,80822,9637],{"class":25743},[60,80824,136],{"class":74},[20,80826,80827],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[415,80829,80831,80832,80834],{"id":80830},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80833,1472],{}," when sorting?",[20,80836,80837],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[46,80839,2870],{"id":2869},[33,80841,80842,80847,80853,80857],{},[36,80843,80844],{},[551,80845,80846],{"href":79350},"How to sort a list in Python",[36,80848,80849],{},[551,80850,163,80851,6785],{"href":75496},[15,80852,75399],{},[36,80854,80855],{},[551,80856,68052],{"href":51958},[36,80858,80859],{},[551,80860,80100],{"href":80099},[2912,80862,80863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":80865},[80866,80867,80869,80870,80871,80872,80874,80876,80887,80897],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":78907,"depth":111,"text":80868},"What list.sort() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":79162,"depth":111,"text":79163},{"id":79354,"depth":111,"text":79355},{"id":79676,"depth":111,"text":80873},"Using the key argument",{"id":79941,"depth":111,"text":80875},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":80877},[80878,80880,80881,80883,80885,80886],{"id":80110,"depth":139,"text":80879},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":80219,"depth":139,"text":80220},{"id":80270,"depth":139,"text":80882},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":80424,"depth":139,"text":80884},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":80511,"depth":139,"text":80512},{"id":61686,"depth":139,"text":61687},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":80888},[80889,80891,80893,80894,80895],{"id":80741,"depth":139,"text":80890},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80750,"depth":139,"text":80892},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80765,"depth":139,"text":80766},{"id":80794,"depth":139,"text":80795},{"id":80830,"depth":139,"text":80896},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78829,"description":80898},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80905,"title":80906,"body":80907,"description":83538,"extension":2980,"meta":83539,"navigation":304,"path":83540,"seo":83541,"stem":83542,"__hash__":83543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80908,"toc":83497},[80909,80914,80919,80922,80933,80936,80956,80958,81020,81022,81063,81072,81077,81082,81088,81099,81101,81120,81123,81128,81133,81135,81140,81154,81156,81174,81177,81194,81197,81203,81226,81231,81233,81236,81297,81299,81332,81334,81373,81381,81391,81397,81402,81495,81497,81521,81523,81541,81544,81575,81581,81586,81589,81591,81716,81718,81742,81744,81763,81769,81775,81894,81896,81913,81920,81926,81931,81938,81944,81946,82003,82006,82027,82030,82033,82094,82096,82129,82133,82203,82205,82222,82226,82229,82304,82306,82343,82346,82349,82420,82422,82483,82488,82493,82496,82510,82512,82585,82587,82607,82610,82613,82670,82732,82735,82767,82770,82785,82790,82792,82798,82801,82857,82860,82862,82881,82885,82887,82931,82940,82942,83002,83006,83009,83011,83104,83106,83221,83225,83227,83301,83304,83307,83309,83314,83379,83381,83405,83415,83417,83423,83432,83441,83450,83456,83459,83463,83466,83468,83494],[10,80910,163,80912,4591],{"id":80911},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80913,40704],{},[20,80915,4594,80916,80918],{},[15,80917,40704],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80920,80921],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[33,80923,80924,80927,80930],{},[36,80925,80926],{},"converting numbers to strings",[36,80928,80929],{},"changing strings to integers",[36,80931,80932],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80934,80935],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[33,80937,80938,80945,80951],{},[36,80939,80940,15046,80942,80944],{},[15,80941,40704],{},[4753,80943,5632],{}," return a list in Python 3",[36,80946,80947,80948],{},"it returns a ",[4753,80949,80950],{},"map object",[36,80952,80953,80954],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80955,25774],{},[46,80957,3022],{"id":3021},[51,80959,80961],{"className":53,"code":80960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80962,80963,80987,81006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,80964,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,80966,4629],{"class":66},[60,80968,71],{"class":70},[60,80970,75],{"class":74},[60,80972,1432],{"class":1402},[60,80974,88],{"class":74},[60,80976,1437],{"class":1402},[60,80978,88],{"class":74},[60,80980,1442],{"class":1402},[60,80982,88],{"class":74},[60,80984,3471],{"class":1402},[60,80986,108],{"class":74},[60,80988,80989,80991,80993,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,80990,114],{"class":66},[60,80992,71],{"class":70},[60,80994,80995],{"class":142}," map",[60,80997,130],{"class":74},[60,80999,1528],{"class":1527},[60,81001,88],{"class":74},[60,81003,5264],{"class":126},[60,81005,136],{"class":74},[60,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81009,143],{"class":142},[60,81011,130],{"class":74},[60,81013,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81015,130],{"class":74},[60,81017,148],{"class":126},[60,81019,1042],{"class":74},[20,81021,153],{},[51,81023,81025],{"className":53,"code":81024,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,81026,81027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81030,353],{"class":74},[60,81032,356],{"class":78},[60,81034,1432],{"class":82},[60,81036,356],{"class":78},[60,81038,88],{"class":74},[60,81040,365],{"class":78},[60,81042,1925],{"class":82},[60,81044,356],{"class":78},[60,81046,88],{"class":74},[60,81048,365],{"class":78},[60,81050,3079],{"class":82},[60,81052,356],{"class":78},[60,81054,88],{"class":74},[60,81056,365],{"class":78},[60,81058,3519],{"class":82},[60,81060,356],{"class":78},[60,81062,108],{"class":74},[20,81064,171,81065,81068,81069,81071],{},[15,81066,81067],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,81070,25774],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[46,81073,178,81075,181],{"id":81074},"what-map-does",[15,81076,40704],{},[20,81078,81079,81081],{},[15,81080,40704],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,81083,81084,81085,81087],{},"An ",[4753,81086,411],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[33,81089,81090,81092,81094,81096],{},[36,81091,38889],{},[36,81093,38892],{},[36,81095,38895],{},[36,81097,81098],{},"a range object",[20,81100,31717],{},[51,81102,81104],{"className":53,"code":81103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,81105,81106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81107,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81109,1522],{"class":142},[60,81111,130],{"class":74},[60,81113,38848],{"class":126},[60,81115,88],{"class":74},[60,81117,38853],{"class":126},[60,81119,136],{"class":74},[20,81121,81122],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,81124,81125,81126,34735],{},"Important: the result is a ",[4753,81127,80950],{},[20,81129,81130,81131,123],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[551,81132,6137],{"href":6136},[46,81134,389],{"id":388},[20,81136,81137,81139],{},[15,81138,40704],{}," needs at least two parts:",[33,81141,81142,81148],{},[36,81143,81144,81147],{},[4753,81145,81146],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[36,81149,81150,81153],{},[4753,81151,81152],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,81155,4716],{},[51,81157,81158],{"className":53,"code":81103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81159,81160],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81161,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81163,1522],{"class":142},[60,81165,130],{"class":74},[60,81167,38848],{"class":126},[60,81169,88],{"class":74},[60,81171,38853],{"class":126},[60,81173,136],{"class":74},[20,81175,81176],{},"You can pass:",[33,81178,81179,81188,81191],{},[36,81180,81181,81182,287,81184,432,81186],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,81183,1528],{},[15,81185,3206],{},[15,81187,3036],{},[36,81189,81190],{},"your own custom function",[36,81192,81193],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,81195,81196],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,81198,81199,81200,81202],{},"You will often see ",[15,81201,40704],{}," used like this:",[51,81204,81206],{"className":53,"code":81205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,81207,81208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81211,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81213,130],{"class":74},[60,81215,1522],{"class":142},[60,81217,130],{"class":74},[60,81219,38848],{"class":126},[60,81221,88],{"class":74},[60,81223,1533],{"class":126},[60,81225,1042],{"class":74},[20,81227,7675,81228,81230],{},[15,81229,25774],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[46,81232,12470],{"id":12469},[20,81234,81235],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[51,81237,81239],{"className":53,"code":81238,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81240,81241,81261,81279,81283],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81242,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81244,4629],{"class":66},[60,81246,71],{"class":70},[60,81248,75],{"class":74},[60,81250,1345],{"class":1402},[60,81252,88],{"class":74},[60,81254,1407],{"class":1402},[60,81256,88],{"class":74},[60,81258,8791],{"class":1402},[60,81260,108],{"class":74},[60,81262,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81264,114],{"class":66},[60,81266,71],{"class":70},[60,81268,80995],{"class":142},[60,81270,130],{"class":74},[60,81272,1528],{"class":1527},[60,81274,88],{"class":74},[60,81276,5264],{"class":126},[60,81278,136],{"class":74},[60,81280,81281],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81282,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81284,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,81286,143],{"class":142},[60,81288,130],{"class":74},[60,81290,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81292,130],{"class":74},[60,81294,148],{"class":126},[60,81296,1042],{"class":74},[20,81298,153],{},[51,81300,81302],{"className":53,"code":81301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,81303,81304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81305,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81307,353],{"class":74},[60,81309,356],{"class":78},[60,81311,1345],{"class":82},[60,81313,356],{"class":78},[60,81315,88],{"class":74},[60,81317,365],{"class":78},[60,81319,1354],{"class":82},[60,81321,356],{"class":78},[60,81323,88],{"class":74},[60,81325,365],{"class":78},[60,81327,1363],{"class":82},[60,81329,356],{"class":78},[60,81331,108],{"class":74},[20,81333,12679],{},[33,81335,81336,81341,81349,81357,81365],{},[36,81337,81338,81340],{},[15,81339,4659],{}," contains integers",[36,81342,81343,81346,81347],{},[15,81344,81345],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,81348,1578],{},[36,81350,81351,43141,81354],{},[15,81352,81353],{},"str(10)",[15,81355,81356],{},"'10'",[36,81358,81359,43141,81362],{},[15,81360,81361],{},"str(20)",[15,81363,81364],{},"'20'",[36,81366,81367,43141,81370],{},[15,81368,81369],{},"str(30)",[15,81371,81372],{},"'30'",[20,81374,54633,81375,81377,81378,81380],{},[15,81376,40704],{}," applies ",[15,81379,1578],{}," one item at a time.",[20,81382,81383,81384,81386,81387,123],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,81385,25774],{}," better, see ",[551,81388,163,81389,1579],{"href":65822},[15,81390,25774],{},[46,81392,9413,81394,81396],{"id":81393},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,81395,40704],{}," with your own function",[20,81398,16708,81399,81401],{},[15,81400,40704],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[51,81403,81405],{"className":53,"code":81404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81406,81407,81420,81430,81434,81458,81477,81481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81408,81409,81411,81414,81416,81418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81410,35845],{"class":3082},[60,81412,81413],{"class":35848}," double",[60,81415,130],{"class":74},[60,81417,3191],{"class":38650},[60,81419,9337],{"class":74},[60,81421,81422,81424,81426,81428],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81423,35856],{"class":2665},[60,81425,4886],{"class":66},[60,81427,40859],{"class":70},[60,81429,46571],{"class":1402},[60,81431,81432],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81433,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81435,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,81437,4629],{"class":66},[60,81439,71],{"class":70},[60,81441,75],{"class":74},[60,81443,1432],{"class":1402},[60,81445,88],{"class":74},[60,81447,1437],{"class":1402},[60,81449,88],{"class":74},[60,81451,1442],{"class":1402},[60,81453,88],{"class":74},[60,81455,3471],{"class":1402},[60,81457,108],{"class":74},[60,81459,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81471,81473,81475],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,81461,114],{"class":66},[60,81463,71],{"class":70},[60,81465,80995],{"class":142},[60,81467,130],{"class":74},[60,81469,81470],{"class":126},"double",[60,81472,88],{"class":74},[60,81474,5264],{"class":126},[60,81476,136],{"class":74},[60,81478,81479],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,81480,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81482,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,81484,143],{"class":142},[60,81486,130],{"class":74},[60,81488,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81490,130],{"class":74},[60,81492,148],{"class":126},[60,81494,1042],{"class":74},[20,81496,153],{},[51,81498,81499],{"className":53,"code":40872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,81500,81501],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81502,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81504,353],{"class":74},[60,81506,1925],{"class":1402},[60,81508,88],{"class":74},[60,81510,3471],{"class":1402},[60,81512,88],{"class":74},[60,81514,38631],{"class":1402},[60,81516,88],{"class":74},[60,81518,7358],{"class":1402},[60,81520,108],{"class":74},[20,81522,66559],{},[33,81524,81525,81532,81538],{},[36,81526,81527,81529,81530],{},[15,81528,40704],{}," takes the function ",[15,81531,81470],{},[36,81533,81534,81535,81537],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,81536,4659],{}," into that function",[36,81539,81540],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,81542,81543],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[33,81545,81546,81553,81560,81568],{},[36,81547,81548,7073,81551],{},[15,81549,81550],{},"double(1)",[15,81552,1925],{},[36,81554,81555,7073,81558],{},[15,81556,81557],{},"double(2)",[15,81559,3519],{},[36,81561,81562,7073,81565],{},[15,81563,81564],{},"double(3)",[15,81566,81567],{},"6",[36,81569,81570,7073,81573],{},[15,81571,81572],{},"double(4)",[15,81574,3360],{},[46,81576,9413,81578,81580],{"id":81577},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,81579,40704],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,81582,81583,81585],{},[15,81584,40704],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,81587,81588],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,81590,236],{},[51,81592,81594],{"className":53,"code":81593,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81595,81596,81613,81623,81627,81648,81669,81673,81698,81702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81597,81598,81600,81603,81605,81607,81609,81611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81599,35845],{"class":3082},[60,81601,81602],{"class":35848}," add_numbers",[60,81604,130],{"class":74},[60,81606,551],{"class":38650},[60,81608,88],{"class":74},[60,81610,3574],{"class":38650},[60,81612,9337],{"class":74},[60,81614,81615,81617,81619,81621],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81616,35856],{"class":2665},[60,81618,45526],{"class":66},[60,81620,2354],{"class":70},[60,81622,37170],{"class":66},[60,81624,81625],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81626,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81628,81629,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,81630,81631],{"class":66},"list1 ",[60,81633,71],{"class":70},[60,81635,75],{"class":74},[60,81637,1432],{"class":1402},[60,81639,88],{"class":74},[60,81641,1437],{"class":1402},[60,81643,88],{"class":74},[60,81645,1442],{"class":1402},[60,81647,108],{"class":74},[60,81649,81650,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,81651,81652],{"class":66},"list2 ",[60,81654,71],{"class":70},[60,81656,75],{"class":74},[60,81658,1345],{"class":1402},[60,81660,88],{"class":74},[60,81662,1407],{"class":1402},[60,81664,88],{"class":74},[60,81666,8791],{"class":1402},[60,81668,108],{"class":74},[60,81670,81671],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,81672,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81686,81688,81691,81693,81696],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,81676,114],{"class":66},[60,81678,71],{"class":70},[60,81680,80995],{"class":142},[60,81682,130],{"class":74},[60,81684,81685],{"class":126},"add_numbers",[60,81687,88],{"class":74},[60,81689,81690],{"class":126}," list1",[60,81692,88],{"class":74},[60,81694,81695],{"class":126}," list2",[60,81697,136],{"class":74},[60,81699,81700],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,81701,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81703,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,81705,143],{"class":142},[60,81707,130],{"class":74},[60,81709,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81711,130],{"class":74},[60,81713,148],{"class":126},[60,81715,1042],{"class":74},[20,81717,153],{},[51,81719,81721],{"className":53,"code":81720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,81722,81723],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81724,81725,81727,81730,81732,81735,81737,81740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81726,353],{"class":74},[60,81728,81729],{"class":1402},"11",[60,81731,88],{"class":74},[60,81733,81734],{"class":1402}," 22",[60,81736,88],{"class":74},[60,81738,81739],{"class":1402}," 33",[60,81741,108],{"class":74},[20,81743,3196],{},[33,81745,81746,81752,81758],{},[36,81747,81748,81749],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,81750,81751],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[36,81753,81754,81755],{},"then ",[15,81756,81757],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[36,81759,81754,81760],{},[15,81761,81762],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[415,81764,81766,81768],{"id":81765},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,81767,40704],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,81770,81771,81772,81774],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81773,40704],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[51,81776,81778],{"className":53,"code":81777,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81779,81780,81796,81806,81810,81834,81850,81854,81876,81880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81781,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81783,35845],{"class":3082},[60,81785,81602],{"class":35848},[60,81787,130],{"class":74},[60,81789,551],{"class":38650},[60,81791,88],{"class":74},[60,81793,3574],{"class":38650},[60,81795,9337],{"class":74},[60,81797,81798,81800,81802,81804],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81799,35856],{"class":2665},[60,81801,45526],{"class":66},[60,81803,2354],{"class":70},[60,81805,37170],{"class":66},[60,81807,81808],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81809,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81811,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,81813,81631],{"class":66},[60,81815,71],{"class":70},[60,81817,75],{"class":74},[60,81819,1432],{"class":1402},[60,81821,88],{"class":74},[60,81823,1437],{"class":1402},[60,81825,88],{"class":74},[60,81827,1442],{"class":1402},[60,81829,88],{"class":74},[60,81831,3471],{"class":1402},[60,81833,108],{"class":74},[60,81835,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,81837,81652],{"class":66},[60,81839,71],{"class":70},[60,81841,75],{"class":74},[60,81843,1345],{"class":1402},[60,81845,88],{"class":74},[60,81847,1407],{"class":1402},[60,81849,108],{"class":74},[60,81851,81852],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,81853,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81855,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872,81874],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,81857,114],{"class":66},[60,81859,71],{"class":70},[60,81861,80995],{"class":142},[60,81863,130],{"class":74},[60,81865,81685],{"class":126},[60,81867,88],{"class":74},[60,81869,81690],{"class":126},[60,81871,88],{"class":74},[60,81873,81695],{"class":126},[60,81875,136],{"class":74},[60,81877,81878],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,81879,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81881,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,81883,143],{"class":142},[60,81885,130],{"class":74},[60,81887,9089],{"class":1527},[60,81889,130],{"class":74},[60,81891,148],{"class":126},[60,81893,1042],{"class":74},[20,81895,153],{},[51,81897,81899],{"className":53,"code":81898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81900,81901],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81902,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81904,353],{"class":74},[60,81906,81729],{"class":1402},[60,81908,88],{"class":74},[60,81910,81734],{"class":1402},[60,81912,108],{"class":74},[20,81914,81915,81916,81919],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81917,81918],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[46,81921,81923,81925],{"id":81922},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81924,40704],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81927,39011,81928,81930],{},[15,81929,40704],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81932,81933,81934,81937],{},"This object is ",[4753,81935,81936],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[415,81939,3503,81941,81943],{"id":81940},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81942,34020],{}," looks strange",[20,81945,34636],{},[51,81947,81949],{"className":53,"code":81948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81950,81951,81971,81989,81993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,81952,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,81954,4629],{"class":66},[60,81956,71],{"class":70},[60,81958,75],{"class":74},[60,81960,1432],{"class":1402},[60,81962,88],{"class":74},[60,81964,1437],{"class":1402},[60,81966,88],{"class":74},[60,81968,1442],{"class":1402},[60,81970,108],{"class":74},[60,81972,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,81974,114],{"class":66},[60,81976,71],{"class":70},[60,81978,80995],{"class":142},[60,81980,130],{"class":74},[60,81982,1528],{"class":1527},[60,81984,88],{"class":74},[60,81986,5264],{"class":126},[60,81988,136],{"class":74},[60,81990,81991],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,81992,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,81994,81995,81997,81999,82001],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,81996,143],{"class":142},[60,81998,130],{"class":74},[60,82000,148],{"class":126},[60,82002,136],{"class":74},[20,82004,82005],{},"Output will look something like this:",[51,82007,82009],{"className":53,"code":82008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,82010,82011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82012,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82014,4304],{"class":70},[60,82016,1522],{"class":142},[60,82018,25610],{"class":1527},[60,82020,38351],{"class":66},[60,82022,38355],{"class":38354},[60,82024,38358],{"class":1313},[60,82026,4316],{"class":70},[20,82028,82029],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,82031,82032],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[51,82034,82036],{"className":53,"code":82035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82037,82038,82058,82076,82080],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82039,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82041,4629],{"class":66},[60,82043,71],{"class":70},[60,82045,75],{"class":74},[60,82047,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82049,88],{"class":74},[60,82051,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82053,88],{"class":74},[60,82055,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82057,108],{"class":74},[60,82059,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82061,114],{"class":66},[60,82063,71],{"class":70},[60,82065,80995],{"class":142},[60,82067,130],{"class":74},[60,82069,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82071,88],{"class":74},[60,82073,5264],{"class":126},[60,82075,136],{"class":74},[60,82077,82078],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82079,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82081,82082,82084,82086,82088,82090,82092],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82083,143],{"class":142},[60,82085,130],{"class":74},[60,82087,9089],{"class":1527},[60,82089,130],{"class":74},[60,82091,148],{"class":126},[60,82093,1042],{"class":74},[20,82095,153],{},[51,82097,82099],{"className":53,"code":82098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,82100,82101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82102,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82104,353],{"class":74},[60,82106,356],{"class":78},[60,82108,1432],{"class":82},[60,82110,356],{"class":78},[60,82112,88],{"class":74},[60,82114,365],{"class":78},[60,82116,1925],{"class":82},[60,82118,356],{"class":78},[60,82120,88],{"class":74},[60,82122,365],{"class":78},[60,82124,3079],{"class":82},[60,82126,356],{"class":78},[60,82128,108],{"class":74},[415,82130,82132],{"id":82131},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[51,82134,82136],{"className":53,"code":82135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82137,82138,82158,82176,82180,82193],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82139,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154,82156],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82141,4629],{"class":66},[60,82143,71],{"class":70},[60,82145,75],{"class":74},[60,82147,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82149,88],{"class":74},[60,82151,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82153,88],{"class":74},[60,82155,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82157,108],{"class":74},[60,82159,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82161,114],{"class":66},[60,82163,71],{"class":70},[60,82165,80995],{"class":142},[60,82167,130],{"class":74},[60,82169,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82171,88],{"class":74},[60,82173,5264],{"class":126},[60,82175,136],{"class":74},[60,82177,82178],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82179,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82181,82182,82184,82186,82188,82191],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82183,6960],{"class":2665},[60,82185,2669],{"class":66},[60,82187,2672],{"class":2665},[60,82189,82190],{"class":66}," result",[60,82192,7392],{"class":74},[60,82194,82195,82197,82199,82201],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,82196,9064],{"class":142},[60,82198,130],{"class":74},[60,82200,2659],{"class":126},[60,82202,136],{"class":74},[20,82204,153],{},[51,82206,82208],{"className":53,"code":82207,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,82209,82210,82214,82218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82211,82212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82213,47899],{"class":1402},[60,82215,82216],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82217,18050],{"class":1402},[60,82219,82220],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82221,47599],{"class":1402},[415,82223,82225],{"id":82224},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,82227,82228],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[51,82230,82232],{"className":53,"code":82231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82233,82234,82254,82272,82276,82290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82235,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82237,4629],{"class":66},[60,82239,71],{"class":70},[60,82241,75],{"class":74},[60,82243,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82245,88],{"class":74},[60,82247,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82249,88],{"class":74},[60,82251,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82253,108],{"class":74},[60,82255,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82257,114],{"class":66},[60,82259,71],{"class":70},[60,82261,80995],{"class":142},[60,82263,130],{"class":74},[60,82265,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82267,88],{"class":74},[60,82269,5264],{"class":126},[60,82271,136],{"class":74},[60,82273,82274],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82275,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82279,143],{"class":142},[60,82281,130],{"class":74},[60,82283,9089],{"class":1527},[60,82285,130],{"class":74},[60,82287,148],{"class":126},[60,82289,1042],{"class":74},[60,82291,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300,82302],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,82293,143],{"class":142},[60,82295,130],{"class":74},[60,82297,9089],{"class":1527},[60,82299,130],{"class":74},[60,82301,148],{"class":126},[60,82303,1042],{"class":74},[20,82305,153],{},[51,82307,82309],{"className":53,"code":82308,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,82310,82311,82339],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82312,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82314,353],{"class":74},[60,82316,356],{"class":78},[60,82318,1432],{"class":82},[60,82320,356],{"class":78},[60,82322,88],{"class":74},[60,82324,365],{"class":78},[60,82326,1925],{"class":82},[60,82328,356],{"class":78},[60,82330,88],{"class":74},[60,82332,365],{"class":78},[60,82334,3079],{"class":82},[60,82336,356],{"class":78},[60,82338,108],{"class":74},[60,82340,82341],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82342,39285],{"class":74},[20,82344,82345],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,82347,82348],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[51,82350,82352],{"className":53,"code":82351,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,82353,82354,82374,82396,82400,82410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82355,82356,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82357,4629],{"class":66},[60,82359,71],{"class":70},[60,82361,75],{"class":74},[60,82363,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82365,88],{"class":74},[60,82367,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82369,88],{"class":74},[60,82371,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82373,108],{"class":74},[60,82375,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82377,114],{"class":66},[60,82379,71],{"class":70},[60,82381,23553],{"class":1527},[60,82383,130],{"class":74},[60,82385,1522],{"class":142},[60,82387,130],{"class":74},[60,82389,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82391,88],{"class":74},[60,82393,5264],{"class":126},[60,82395,1042],{"class":74},[60,82397,82398],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82399,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82401,82402,82404,82406,82408],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82403,143],{"class":142},[60,82405,130],{"class":74},[60,82407,148],{"class":126},[60,82409,136],{"class":74},[60,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,82413,143],{"class":142},[60,82415,130],{"class":74},[60,82417,148],{"class":126},[60,82419,136],{"class":74},[20,82421,153],{},[51,82423,82425],{"className":53,"code":82424,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,82426,82427,82455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82428,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82430,353],{"class":74},[60,82432,356],{"class":78},[60,82434,1432],{"class":82},[60,82436,356],{"class":78},[60,82438,88],{"class":74},[60,82440,365],{"class":78},[60,82442,1925],{"class":82},[60,82444,356],{"class":78},[60,82446,88],{"class":74},[60,82448,365],{"class":78},[60,82450,3079],{"class":82},[60,82452,356],{"class":78},[60,82454,108],{"class":74},[60,82456,82457,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477,82479,82481],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82458,353],{"class":74},[60,82460,356],{"class":78},[60,82462,1432],{"class":82},[60,82464,356],{"class":78},[60,82466,88],{"class":74},[60,82468,365],{"class":78},[60,82470,1925],{"class":82},[60,82472,356],{"class":78},[60,82474,88],{"class":74},[60,82476,365],{"class":78},[60,82478,3079],{"class":82},[60,82480,356],{"class":78},[60,82482,108],{"class":74},[46,82484,5963,82486],{"id":82485},"when-to-use-map",[15,82487,40704],{},[20,82489,82490,82492],{},[15,82491,40704],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,82494,82495],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[33,82497,82498,82502,82506],{},[36,82499,82500],{},[15,82501,1528],{},[36,82503,82504],{},[15,82505,3206],{},[36,82507,82508],{},[15,82509,3036],{},[20,82511,236],{},[51,82513,82515],{"className":53,"code":82514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,82516,82517,82549,82571,82575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82518,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82520,1336],{"class":66},[60,82522,71],{"class":70},[60,82524,75],{"class":74},[60,82526,356],{"class":78},[60,82528,1432],{"class":82},[60,82530,356],{"class":78},[60,82532,88],{"class":74},[60,82534,365],{"class":78},[60,82536,1925],{"class":82},[60,82538,356],{"class":78},[60,82540,88],{"class":74},[60,82542,365],{"class":78},[60,82544,3079],{"class":82},[60,82546,356],{"class":78},[60,82548,108],{"class":74},[60,82550,82551,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82552,4629],{"class":66},[60,82554,71],{"class":70},[60,82556,23553],{"class":1527},[60,82558,130],{"class":74},[60,82560,1522],{"class":142},[60,82562,130],{"class":74},[60,82564,3206],{"class":1527},[60,82566,88],{"class":74},[60,82568,1533],{"class":126},[60,82570,1042],{"class":74},[60,82572,82573],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82574,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82576,82577,82579,82581,82583],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82578,143],{"class":142},[60,82580,130],{"class":74},[60,82582,4659],{"class":126},[60,82584,136],{"class":74},[20,82586,153],{},[51,82588,82589],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82590,82591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82592,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601,82603,82605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82594,353],{"class":74},[60,82596,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82598,88],{"class":74},[60,82600,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82602,88],{"class":74},[60,82604,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82606,108],{"class":74},[20,82608,82609],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,82611,82612],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[51,82614,82616],{"className":53,"code":82615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,82617,82618,82638,82660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82619,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82621,4629],{"class":66},[60,82623,71],{"class":70},[60,82625,75],{"class":74},[60,82627,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82629,88],{"class":74},[60,82631,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82633,88],{"class":74},[60,82635,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82637,108],{"class":74},[60,82639,82640,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82641,114],{"class":66},[60,82643,71],{"class":70},[60,82645,23553],{"class":1527},[60,82647,130],{"class":74},[60,82649,1522],{"class":142},[60,82651,130],{"class":74},[60,82653,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82655,88],{"class":74},[60,82657,5264],{"class":126},[60,82659,1042],{"class":74},[60,82661,82662,82664,82666,82668],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82663,143],{"class":142},[60,82665,130],{"class":74},[60,82667,148],{"class":126},[60,82669,136],{"class":74},[51,82671,82673],{"className":53,"code":82672,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,82674,82675,82695,82722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82676,82677,82679,82681,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82678,4629],{"class":66},[60,82680,71],{"class":70},[60,82682,75],{"class":74},[60,82684,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82686,88],{"class":74},[60,82688,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82690,88],{"class":74},[60,82692,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82694,108],{"class":74},[60,82696,82697,82699,82701,82703,82705,82707,82709,82711,82713,82716,82718,82720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82698,114],{"class":66},[60,82700,71],{"class":70},[60,82702,75],{"class":74},[60,82704,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82706,130],{"class":74},[60,82708,821],{"class":126},[60,82710,2662],{"class":74},[60,82712,2666],{"class":2665},[60,82714,82715],{"class":66}," n ",[60,82717,2672],{"class":2665},[60,82719,5264],{"class":66},[60,82721,108],{"class":74},[60,82723,82724,82726,82728,82730],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82725,143],{"class":142},[60,82727,130],{"class":74},[60,82729,148],{"class":126},[60,82731,136],{"class":74},[20,82733,82734],{},"Both produce:",[51,82736,82737],{"className":53,"code":82098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82738,82739],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82740,82741,82743,82745,82747,82749,82751,82753,82755,82757,82759,82761,82763,82765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82742,353],{"class":74},[60,82744,356],{"class":78},[60,82746,1432],{"class":82},[60,82748,356],{"class":78},[60,82750,88],{"class":74},[60,82752,365],{"class":78},[60,82754,1925],{"class":82},[60,82756,356],{"class":78},[60,82758,88],{"class":74},[60,82760,365],{"class":78},[60,82762,3079],{"class":82},[60,82764,356],{"class":78},[60,82766,108],{"class":74},[20,82768,82769],{},"A simple rule:",[33,82771,82772,82777,82782],{},[36,82773,40976,82774,82776],{},[15,82775,40704],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[36,82778,40982,82779,82781],{},[15,82780,6960],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[36,82783,82784],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82786,82787,82788,123],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[551,82789,5394],{"href":5393},[46,82791,5520],{"id":5519},[415,82793,82795,82796],{"id":82794},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82797,25774],{},[20,82799,82800],{},"This is very common:",[51,82802,82803],{"className":53,"code":81948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82804,82805,82825,82843,82847],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82806,82807,82809,82811,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82808,4629],{"class":66},[60,82810,71],{"class":70},[60,82812,75],{"class":74},[60,82814,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82816,88],{"class":74},[60,82818,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82820,88],{"class":74},[60,82822,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82824,108],{"class":74},[60,82826,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82828,114],{"class":66},[60,82830,71],{"class":70},[60,82832,80995],{"class":142},[60,82834,130],{"class":74},[60,82836,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82838,88],{"class":74},[60,82840,5264],{"class":126},[60,82842,136],{"class":74},[60,82844,82845],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82846,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82848,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82850,143],{"class":142},[60,82852,130],{"class":74},[60,82854,148],{"class":126},[60,82856,136],{"class":74},[20,82858,82859],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82861,1929],{},[51,82863,82865],{"className":53,"code":82864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82866,82867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82868,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82870,143],{"class":142},[60,82872,130],{"class":74},[60,82874,9089],{"class":1527},[60,82876,130],{"class":74},[60,82878,148],{"class":126},[60,82880,1042],{"class":74},[415,82882,82884],{"id":82883},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82886,17637],{},[51,82888,82890],{"className":53,"code":82889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82891,82892,82912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82893,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82895,4629],{"class":66},[60,82897,71],{"class":70},[60,82899,75],{"class":74},[60,82901,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82903,88],{"class":74},[60,82905,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82907,88],{"class":74},[60,82909,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82911,108],{"class":74},[60,82913,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82927,82929],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82915,114],{"class":66},[60,82917,71],{"class":70},[60,82919,80995],{"class":142},[60,82921,130],{"class":74},[60,82923,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82925,82926],{"class":74},"(),",[60,82928,5264],{"class":126},[60,82930,136],{"class":74},[20,82932,82933,82934,82936,82937,82939],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82935,1578],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82938,40704],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82941,17649],{},[51,82943,82944],{"className":53,"code":82035,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,82945,82946,82966,82984,82988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,82947,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,82949,4629],{"class":66},[60,82951,71],{"class":70},[60,82953,75],{"class":74},[60,82955,1432],{"class":1402},[60,82957,88],{"class":74},[60,82959,1437],{"class":1402},[60,82961,88],{"class":74},[60,82963,1442],{"class":1402},[60,82965,108],{"class":74},[60,82967,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,82969,114],{"class":66},[60,82971,71],{"class":70},[60,82973,80995],{"class":142},[60,82975,130],{"class":74},[60,82977,1528],{"class":1527},[60,82979,88],{"class":74},[60,82981,5264],{"class":126},[60,82983,136],{"class":74},[60,82985,82986],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,82987,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,82989,82990,82992,82994,82996,82998,83000],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,82991,143],{"class":142},[60,82993,130],{"class":74},[60,82995,9089],{"class":1527},[60,82997,130],{"class":74},[60,82999,148],{"class":126},[60,83001,1042],{"class":74},[415,83003,83005],{"id":83004},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,83007,83008],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,83010,17637],{},[51,83012,83014],{"className":53,"code":83013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,83015,83016,83033,83043,83047,83067,83086,83090],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83017,83018,83020,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83019,35845],{"class":3082},[60,83021,83022],{"class":35848}," add",[60,83024,130],{"class":74},[60,83026,551],{"class":38650},[60,83028,88],{"class":74},[60,83030,3574],{"class":38650},[60,83032,9337],{"class":74},[60,83034,83035,83037,83039,83041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83036,35856],{"class":2665},[60,83038,45526],{"class":66},[60,83040,2354],{"class":70},[60,83042,37170],{"class":66},[60,83044,83045],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83046,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83048,83049,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063,83065],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83050,4629],{"class":66},[60,83052,71],{"class":70},[60,83054,75],{"class":74},[60,83056,1432],{"class":1402},[60,83058,88],{"class":74},[60,83060,1437],{"class":1402},[60,83062,88],{"class":74},[60,83064,1442],{"class":1402},[60,83066,108],{"class":74},[60,83068,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83080,83082,83084],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83070,114],{"class":66},[60,83072,71],{"class":70},[60,83074,80995],{"class":142},[60,83076,130],{"class":74},[60,83078,83079],{"class":126},"add",[60,83081,88],{"class":74},[60,83083,5264],{"class":126},[60,83085,136],{"class":74},[60,83087,83088],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,83089,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83091,83092,83094,83096,83098,83100,83102],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,83093,143],{"class":142},[60,83095,130],{"class":74},[60,83097,9089],{"class":1527},[60,83099,130],{"class":74},[60,83101,148],{"class":126},[60,83103,1042],{"class":74},[20,83105,17649],{},[51,83107,83109],{"className":53,"code":83108,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,83110,83111,83127,83137,83141,83161,83181,83203,83207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83112,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83114,35845],{"class":3082},[60,83116,83022],{"class":35848},[60,83118,130],{"class":74},[60,83120,551],{"class":38650},[60,83122,88],{"class":74},[60,83124,3574],{"class":38650},[60,83126,9337],{"class":74},[60,83128,83129,83131,83133,83135],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83130,35856],{"class":2665},[60,83132,45526],{"class":66},[60,83134,2354],{"class":70},[60,83136,37170],{"class":66},[60,83138,83139],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83140,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83142,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83144,81631],{"class":66},[60,83146,71],{"class":70},[60,83148,75],{"class":74},[60,83150,1432],{"class":1402},[60,83152,88],{"class":74},[60,83154,1437],{"class":1402},[60,83156,88],{"class":74},[60,83158,1442],{"class":1402},[60,83160,108],{"class":74},[60,83162,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83164,81652],{"class":66},[60,83166,71],{"class":70},[60,83168,75],{"class":74},[60,83170,1345],{"class":1402},[60,83172,88],{"class":74},[60,83174,1407],{"class":1402},[60,83176,88],{"class":74},[60,83178,8791],{"class":1402},[60,83180,108],{"class":74},[60,83182,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,83184,114],{"class":66},[60,83186,71],{"class":70},[60,83188,80995],{"class":142},[60,83190,130],{"class":74},[60,83192,83079],{"class":126},[60,83194,88],{"class":74},[60,83196,81690],{"class":126},[60,83198,88],{"class":74},[60,83200,81695],{"class":126},[60,83202,136],{"class":74},[60,83204,83205],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,83206,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83208,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,83210,143],{"class":142},[60,83212,130],{"class":74},[60,83214,9089],{"class":1527},[60,83216,130],{"class":74},[60,83218,148],{"class":126},[60,83220,1042],{"class":74},[415,83222,83224],{"id":83223},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,83226,17637],{},[51,83228,83229],{"className":53,"code":82231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,83230,83231,83251,83269,83273,83287],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83232,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83234,4629],{"class":66},[60,83236,71],{"class":70},[60,83238,75],{"class":74},[60,83240,1432],{"class":1402},[60,83242,88],{"class":74},[60,83244,1437],{"class":1402},[60,83246,88],{"class":74},[60,83248,1442],{"class":1402},[60,83250,108],{"class":74},[60,83252,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83254,114],{"class":66},[60,83256,71],{"class":70},[60,83258,80995],{"class":142},[60,83260,130],{"class":74},[60,83262,1528],{"class":1527},[60,83264,88],{"class":74},[60,83266,5264],{"class":126},[60,83268,136],{"class":74},[60,83270,83271],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83272,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83274,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83276,143],{"class":142},[60,83278,130],{"class":74},[60,83280,9089],{"class":1527},[60,83282,130],{"class":74},[60,83284,148],{"class":126},[60,83286,1042],{"class":74},[60,83288,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83290,143],{"class":142},[60,83292,130],{"class":74},[60,83294,9089],{"class":1527},[60,83296,130],{"class":74},[60,83298,148],{"class":126},[60,83300,1042],{"class":74},[20,83302,83303],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,83305,83306],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[46,83308,68870],{"id":68869},[20,83310,2580,83311,83313],{},[15,83312,40704],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,83315,83317],{"className":53,"code":83316,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,83318,83319,83329,83343,83357,83369],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83320,83321,83323,83325,83327],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83322,143],{"class":142},[60,83324,130],{"class":74},[60,83326,148],{"class":126},[60,83328,136],{"class":74},[60,83330,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83332,143],{"class":142},[60,83334,130],{"class":74},[60,83336,9089],{"class":1527},[60,83338,130],{"class":74},[60,83340,148],{"class":126},[60,83342,1042],{"class":74},[60,83344,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83346,143],{"class":142},[60,83348,130],{"class":74},[60,83350,2629],{"class":1527},[60,83352,130],{"class":74},[60,83354,148],{"class":126},[60,83356,1042],{"class":74},[60,83358,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83360,6960],{"class":2665},[60,83362,2669],{"class":66},[60,83364,2672],{"class":2665},[60,83366,82190],{"class":66},[60,83368,7392],{"class":74},[60,83370,83371,83373,83375,83377],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83372,9064],{"class":142},[60,83374,130],{"class":74},[60,83376,2659],{"class":126},[60,83378,136],{"class":74},[20,83380,13667],{},[33,83382,83383,83388,83393,83399],{},[36,83384,83385,83387],{},[15,83386,34020],{}," shows that you have a map object",[36,83389,83390,83392],{},[15,83391,34028],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[36,83394,83395,83398],{},[15,83396,83397],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[36,83400,83401,83402,83404],{},"looping over ",[15,83403,148],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,83406,83407,83408,83411,83412,83414],{},"Be careful: ",[15,83409,83410],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,83413,6960],{}," loop consume the map object.",[46,83416,2804],{"id":2803},[415,83418,2808,83420,83422],{"id":83419},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,83421,40704],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,83424,83425,83426,83428,83429,24931],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,83427,40704],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,83430,83431],{},"list(map(...))",[415,83433,15896,83435,83437,83438,83440],{"id":83434},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,83436,40704],{}," better than a ",[15,83439,6960],{}," loop?",[20,83442,83443,83444,83446,83447,83449],{},"Not always. ",[15,83445,40704],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,83448,6960],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[415,83451,6170,83453,83455],{"id":83452},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,83454,40704],{}," use more than one list?",[20,83457,83458],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[415,83460,83462],{"id":83461},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,83464,83465],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[46,83467,2870],{"id":2869},[33,83469,83470,83476,83482,83486,83490],{},[36,83471,83472],{},[551,83473,163,83474,1579],{"href":41071},[15,83475,38563],{},[36,83477,83478],{},[551,83479,163,83480,1579],{"href":65822},[15,83481,25774],{},[36,83483,83484],{},[551,83485,6222],{"href":6132},[36,83487,83488],{},[551,83489,6227],{"href":5393},[36,83491,83492],{},[551,83493,6217],{"href":6136},[2912,83495,83496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":83498},[83499,83500,83502,83503,83504,83506,83511,83518,83520,83527,83528,83537],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":81074,"depth":111,"text":83501},"What map() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":81393,"depth":111,"text":83505},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":81577,"depth":111,"text":83507,"children":83508},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[83509],{"id":81765,"depth":139,"text":83510},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81922,"depth":111,"text":83512,"children":83513},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[83514,83516,83517],{"id":81940,"depth":139,"text":83515},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":82131,"depth":139,"text":82132},{"id":82224,"depth":139,"text":82225},{"id":82485,"depth":111,"text":83519},"When to use map()",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":83521},[83522,83524,83525,83526],{"id":82794,"depth":139,"text":83523},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82883,"depth":139,"text":82884},{"id":83004,"depth":139,"text":83005},{"id":83223,"depth":139,"text":83224},{"id":68869,"depth":111,"text":68870},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":83529},[83530,83532,83534,83536],{"id":83419,"depth":139,"text":83531},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":83434,"depth":139,"text":83533},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":83452,"depth":139,"text":83535},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":83461,"depth":139,"text":83462},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80906,"description":83538},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":83545,"title":83546,"body":83547,"description":85567,"extension":2980,"meta":85568,"navigation":304,"path":85569,"seo":85570,"stem":85571,"__hash__":85572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83548,"toc":85525},[83549,83555,83560,83563,83571,83574,83576,83700,83702,83720,83722,83742,83747,83751,83765,83768,83771,83773,83778,83890,83893,83911,83917,83920,83982,83984,83993,83996,84010,84012,84060,84062,84071,84081,84087,84090,84117,84119,84127,84130,84133,84203,84205,84213,84216,84221,84226,84277,84279,84287,84290,84292,84309,84311,84363,84366,84372,84376,84381,84384,84388,84447,84449,84458,84464,84473,84477,84540,84542,84550,84555,84559,84564,84644,84646,84655,84662,84667,84672,84675,84710,84712,84720,84723,84729,84731,84781,84783,84792,84795,84813,84815,84820,84826,84833,84860,84862,84885,84890,84925,84930,84936,84941,84984,84987,84990,85029,85036,85042,85047,85062,85066,85073,85076,85080,85085,85089,85094,85096,85157,85159,85188,85193,85200,85209,85211,85214,85239,85241,85344,85347,85365,85374,85376,85381,85384,85390,85393,85395,85405,85411,85415,85473,85480,85488,85490,85522],[10,83550,163,83552,4591],{"id":83551},"python-max-function-explained",[15,83553,83554],{},"max()",[20,83556,10120,83557,83559],{},[15,83558,83554],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,83561,83562],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[33,83564,83565,83568],{},[36,83566,83567],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[36,83569,83570],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,83572,83573],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[46,83575,3022],{"id":3021},[51,83577,83579],{"className":53,"code":83578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83580,83581,83605,83620,83624,83650,83654,83686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83582,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83584,4629],{"class":66},[60,83586,71],{"class":70},[60,83588,75],{"class":74},[60,83590,3079],{"class":1402},[60,83592,88],{"class":74},[60,83594,7358],{"class":1402},[60,83596,88],{"class":74},[60,83598,1437],{"class":1402},[60,83600,88],{"class":74},[60,83602,5606],{"class":1402},[60,83604,108],{"class":74},[60,83606,83607,83609,83611,83614,83616,83618],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83608,143],{"class":142},[60,83610,130],{"class":74},[60,83612,83613],{"class":142},"max",[60,83615,130],{"class":74},[60,83617,4659],{"class":126},[60,83619,1042],{"class":74},[60,83621,83622],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83623,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83625,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83627,143],{"class":142},[60,83629,130],{"class":74},[60,83631,83613],{"class":142},[60,83633,130],{"class":74},[60,83635,3079],{"class":1402},[60,83637,88],{"class":74},[60,83639,7358],{"class":1402},[60,83641,88],{"class":74},[60,83643,1437],{"class":1402},[60,83645,88],{"class":74},[60,83647,5606],{"class":1402},[60,83649,1042],{"class":74},[60,83651,83652],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83653,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83655,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682,83684],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,83657,67],{"class":66},[60,83659,71],{"class":70},[60,83661,75],{"class":74},[60,83663,79],{"class":78},[60,83665,1604],{"class":82},[60,83667,79],{"class":78},[60,83669,88],{"class":74},[60,83671,91],{"class":78},[60,83673,1619],{"class":82},[60,83675,79],{"class":78},[60,83677,88],{"class":74},[60,83679,91],{"class":78},[60,83681,79718],{"class":82},[60,83683,79],{"class":78},[60,83685,108],{"class":74},[60,83687,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,83689,143],{"class":142},[60,83691,130],{"class":74},[60,83693,83613],{"class":142},[60,83695,130],{"class":74},[60,83697,133],{"class":126},[60,83699,1042],{"class":74},[20,83701,153],{},[51,83703,83705],{"className":53,"code":83704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,83706,83707,83711,83715],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83708,83709],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83710,3396],{"class":1402},[60,83712,83713],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83714,3396],{"class":1402},[60,83716,83717],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83718,83719],{"class":66},"pear\n",[20,83721,20951],{},[33,83723,83724,83730,83736],{},[36,83725,83726,83729],{},[15,83727,83728],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[36,83731,83732,83735],{},[15,83733,83734],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[36,83737,83738,83741],{},[15,83739,83740],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[46,83743,178,83745,181],{"id":83744},"what-max-does",[15,83746,83554],{},[20,83748,83749,3901],{},[15,83750,83554],{},[33,83752,83753,83756,83759,83762],{},[36,83754,83755],{},"Returns the largest item",[36,83757,83758],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[36,83760,83761],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[36,83763,83764],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,83766,83767],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,83769,83770],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[46,83772,389],{"id":388},[20,83774,83775,83776,3901],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,83777,83554],{},[51,83779,83781],{"className":53,"code":83780,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,83782,83783,83793,83817,83839,83862],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83784,83785,83787,83789,83791],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83786,83613],{"class":142},[60,83788,130],{"class":74},[60,83790,411],{"class":126},[60,83792,136],{"class":74},[60,83794,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83806,83808,83810,83812,83815],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83796,83613],{"class":142},[60,83798,130],{"class":74},[60,83800,411],{"class":126},[60,83802,88],{"class":74},[60,83804,83805],{"class":70}," *",[60,83807,88],{"class":74},[60,83809,22574],{"class":10173},[60,83811,71],{"class":70},[60,83813,83814],{"class":126},"func",[60,83816,136],{"class":74},[60,83818,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83820,83613],{"class":142},[60,83822,130],{"class":74},[60,83824,411],{"class":126},[60,83826,88],{"class":74},[60,83828,83805],{"class":70},[60,83830,88],{"class":74},[60,83832,27516],{"class":10173},[60,83834,71],{"class":70},[60,83836,3487],{"class":126},[60,83838,136],{"class":74},[60,83840,83841,83843,83845,83848,83850,83853,83855,83857,83860],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83842,83613],{"class":142},[60,83844,130],{"class":74},[60,83846,83847],{"class":126},"arg1",[60,83849,88],{"class":74},[60,83851,83852],{"class":126}," arg2",[60,83854,88],{"class":74},[60,83856,83805],{"class":70},[60,83858,83859],{"class":126},"args",[60,83861,136],{"class":74},[60,83863,83864,83866,83868,83870,83872,83874,83876,83878,83880,83882,83884,83886,83888],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,83865,83613],{"class":142},[60,83867,130],{"class":74},[60,83869,83847],{"class":126},[60,83871,88],{"class":74},[60,83873,83852],{"class":126},[60,83875,88],{"class":74},[60,83877,83805],{"class":70},[60,83879,83859],{"class":126},[60,83881,88],{"class":74},[60,83883,22574],{"class":10173},[60,83885,71],{"class":70},[60,83887,83814],{"class":126},[60,83889,136],{"class":74},[20,83891,83892],{},"The most important parts are:",[33,83894,83895,83900,83905],{},[36,83896,83897,83899],{},[15,83898,411],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[36,83901,83902,83904],{},[15,83903,15834],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[36,83906,83907,83910],{},[15,83908,83909],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[46,83912,9413,83914,83916],{"id":83913},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83915,83554],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83918,83919],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[51,83921,83923],{"className":53,"code":83922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83924,83925,83951,83967,83971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83926,83927,83929,83931,83933,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944,83946,83949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83928,6064],{"class":66},[60,83930,71],{"class":70},[60,83932,75],{"class":74},[60,83934,83935],{"class":1402},"72",[60,83937,88],{"class":74},[60,83939,52489],{"class":1402},[60,83941,88],{"class":74},[60,83943,14499],{"class":1402},[60,83945,88],{"class":74},[60,83947,83948],{"class":1402}," 66",[60,83950,108],{"class":74},[60,83952,83953,83956,83958,83961,83963,83965],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,83954,83955],{"class":66},"highest_score ",[60,83957,71],{"class":70},[60,83959,83960],{"class":142}," max",[60,83962,130],{"class":74},[60,83964,17382],{"class":126},[60,83966,136],{"class":74},[60,83968,83969],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,83970,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,83972,83973,83975,83977,83980],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,83974,143],{"class":142},[60,83976,130],{"class":74},[60,83978,83979],{"class":126},"highest_score",[60,83981,136],{"class":74},[20,83983,153],{},[51,83985,83987],{"className":53,"code":83986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"91\n",[15,83988,83989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,83990,83991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,83992,83986],{"class":1402},[20,83994,83995],{},"This works well for:",[33,83997,83998,84001,84004,84007],{},[36,83999,84000],{},"Scores",[36,84002,84003],{},"Prices",[36,84005,84006],{},"Ages",[36,84008,84009],{},"Counts",[20,84011,53059],{},[51,84013,84015],{"className":53,"code":84014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,84016,84017,84045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84018,84019,84022,84024,84026,84028,84030,84033,84035,84038,84040,84043],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84020,84021],{"class":66},"prices ",[60,84023,71],{"class":70},[60,84025,75],{"class":74},[60,84027,41384],{"class":1402},[60,84029,88],{"class":74},[60,84031,84032],{"class":1402}," 5.50",[60,84034,88],{"class":74},[60,84036,84037],{"class":1402}," 12.75",[60,84039,88],{"class":74},[60,84041,84042],{"class":1402}," 29.00",[60,84044,108],{"class":74},[60,84046,84047,84049,84051,84053,84055,84058],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84048,143],{"class":142},[60,84050,130],{"class":74},[60,84052,83613],{"class":142},[60,84054,130],{"class":74},[60,84056,84057],{"class":126},"prices",[60,84059,1042],{"class":74},[20,84061,153],{},[51,84063,84065],{"className":53,"code":84064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"29.0\n",[15,84066,84067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84068,84069],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84070,84064],{"class":1402},[20,84072,84073,84074,84076,84077,123],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,84075,83554],{}," is simpler than ",[551,84078,84079],{"href":75496},[15,84080,75399],{},[46,84082,9413,84084,84086],{"id":84083},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,84085,83554],{}," with separate values",[20,84088,84089],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[51,84091,84093],{"className":53,"code":84092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,84094,84095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84096,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84098,143],{"class":142},[60,84100,130],{"class":74},[60,84102,83613],{"class":142},[60,84104,130],{"class":74},[60,84106,3519],{"class":1402},[60,84108,88],{"class":74},[60,84110,31935],{"class":1402},[60,84112,88],{"class":74},[60,84114,6994],{"class":1402},[60,84116,1042],{"class":74},[20,84118,153],{},[51,84120,84121],{"className":53,"code":3241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84122,84123],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84124,84125],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84126,3241],{"class":1402},[20,84128,84129],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,84131,84132],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[51,84134,84136],{"className":53,"code":84135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,84137,84138,84147,84155,84165,84169,84192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84139,84140,84142,84144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84141,3569],{"class":66},[60,84143,71],{"class":70},[60,84145,84146],{"class":1402}," 15\n",[60,84148,84149,84151,84153],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84150,3596],{"class":66},[60,84152,71],{"class":70},[60,84154,3783],{"class":1402},[60,84156,84157,84160,84162],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,84158,84159],{"class":66},"c ",[60,84161,71],{"class":70},[60,84163,84164],{"class":1402}," 27\n",[60,84166,84167],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,84168,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,84170,84171,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182,84184,84186,84188,84190],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,84172,84173],{"class":66},"largest ",[60,84175,71],{"class":70},[60,84177,83960],{"class":142},[60,84179,130],{"class":74},[60,84181,551],{"class":126},[60,84183,88],{"class":74},[60,84185,3574],{"class":126},[60,84187,88],{"class":74},[60,84189,10679],{"class":126},[60,84191,136],{"class":74},[60,84193,84194,84196,84198,84201],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,84195,143],{"class":142},[60,84197,130],{"class":74},[60,84199,84200],{"class":126},"largest",[60,84202,136],{"class":74},[20,84204,153],{},[51,84206,84207],{"className":53,"code":47594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84208,84209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84210,84211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84212,47594],{"class":1402},[20,84214,84215],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[46,84217,9413,84219,48041],{"id":84218},"using-max-with-strings",[15,84220,83554],{},[20,84222,84223,84225],{},[15,84224,83554],{}," can compare strings too.",[51,84227,84229],{"className":53,"code":84228,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,84230,84231,84263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84232,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84234,67],{"class":66},[60,84236,71],{"class":70},[60,84238,75],{"class":74},[60,84240,79],{"class":78},[60,84242,1604],{"class":82},[60,84244,79],{"class":78},[60,84246,88],{"class":74},[60,84248,91],{"class":78},[60,84250,1619],{"class":82},[60,84252,79],{"class":78},[60,84254,88],{"class":74},[60,84256,91],{"class":78},[60,84258,79718],{"class":82},[60,84260,79],{"class":78},[60,84262,108],{"class":74},[60,84264,84265,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84266,143],{"class":142},[60,84268,130],{"class":74},[60,84270,83613],{"class":142},[60,84272,130],{"class":74},[60,84274,133],{"class":126},[60,84276,1042],{"class":74},[20,84278,153],{},[51,84280,84281],{"className":53,"code":83719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84282,84283],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84284,84285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84286,83719],{"class":66},[20,84288,84289],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,84291,69258],{},[33,84293,84294,84303,84306],{},[36,84295,84296,84299,84300,84302],{},[15,84297,84298],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,84301,66249],{}," alphabetically",[36,84304,84305],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[36,84307,84308],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,84310,236],{},[51,84312,84314],{"className":53,"code":84313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,84315,84316,84349],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84317,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84319,67],{"class":66},[60,84321,71],{"class":70},[60,84323,75],{"class":74},[60,84325,79],{"class":78},[60,84327,1604],{"class":82},[60,84329,79],{"class":78},[60,84331,88],{"class":74},[60,84333,91],{"class":78},[60,84335,84336],{"class":82},"Banana",[60,84338,79],{"class":78},[60,84340,88],{"class":74},[60,84342,91],{"class":78},[60,84344,79718],{"class":82},[60,84346,79],{"class":78},[60,84348,108],{"class":74},[60,84350,84351,84353,84355,84357,84359,84361],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84352,143],{"class":142},[60,84354,130],{"class":74},[60,84356,83613],{"class":142},[60,84358,130],{"class":74},[60,84360,133],{"class":126},[60,84362,1042],{"class":74},[20,84364,84365],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,84367,84368,84369,84371],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,84370,15834],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[46,84373,37601,84374,37604],{"id":79676},[15,84375,15834],{},[20,84377,2997,84378,84380],{},[15,84379,15834],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,84382,84383],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[415,84385,84387],{"id":84386},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[51,84389,84391],{"className":53,"code":84390,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,84392,84393,84425],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84394,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84396,67],{"class":66},[60,84398,71],{"class":70},[60,84400,75],{"class":74},[60,84402,79],{"class":78},[60,84404,38035],{"class":82},[60,84406,79],{"class":78},[60,84408,88],{"class":74},[60,84410,91],{"class":78},[60,84412,69301],{"class":82},[60,84414,79],{"class":78},[60,84416,88],{"class":74},[60,84418,91],{"class":78},[60,84420,59107],{"class":82},[60,84422,79],{"class":78},[60,84424,108],{"class":74},[60,84426,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84428,143],{"class":142},[60,84430,130],{"class":74},[60,84432,83613],{"class":142},[60,84434,130],{"class":74},[60,84436,133],{"class":126},[60,84438,88],{"class":74},[60,84440,22574],{"class":10173},[60,84442,71],{"class":70},[60,84444,12157],{"class":142},[60,84446,1042],{"class":74},[20,84448,153],{},[51,84450,84452],{"className":53,"code":84451,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"elephant\n",[15,84453,84454],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84455,84456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84457,84451],{"class":66},[20,84459,21765,84460,84463],{},[15,84461,84462],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,84465,84466,84467,34622,84469,123],{},"If you are new to ",[15,84468,43346],{},[551,84470,84471,6785],{"href":43343},[15,84472,43346],{},[415,84474,84476],{"id":84475},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[51,84478,84480],{"className":53,"code":84479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,84481,84482,84514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84483,84484,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504,84506,84508,84510,84512],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84485,67],{"class":66},[60,84487,71],{"class":70},[60,84489,75],{"class":74},[60,84491,79],{"class":78},[60,84493,1604],{"class":82},[60,84495,79],{"class":78},[60,84497,88],{"class":74},[60,84499,91],{"class":78},[60,84501,84336],{"class":82},[60,84503,79],{"class":78},[60,84505,88],{"class":74},[60,84507,91],{"class":78},[60,84509,79718],{"class":82},[60,84511,79],{"class":78},[60,84513,108],{"class":74},[60,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84517,143],{"class":142},[60,84519,130],{"class":74},[60,84521,83613],{"class":142},[60,84523,130],{"class":74},[60,84525,133],{"class":126},[60,84527,88],{"class":74},[60,84529,22574],{"class":10173},[60,84531,71],{"class":70},[60,84533,1528],{"class":1527},[60,84535,123],{"class":74},[60,84537,9637],{"class":25743},[60,84539,1042],{"class":74},[20,84541,153],{},[51,84543,84544],{"className":53,"code":83719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84545,84546],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84547,84548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84549,83719],{"class":66},[20,84551,21765,84552,84554],{},[15,84553,79672],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[415,84556,84558],{"id":84557},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,84560,84561,84562,3901],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,84563,38647],{},[51,84565,84567],{"className":53,"code":84566,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,84568,84569,84612],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84570,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84590,84592,84594,84596,84599,84601,84603,84605,84608,84610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84572,664],{"class":66},[60,84574,71],{"class":70},[60,84576,75],{"class":74},[60,84578,79],{"class":78},[60,84580,551],{"class":82},[60,84582,79],{"class":78},[60,84584,88],{"class":74},[60,84586,91],{"class":78},[60,84588,84589],{"class":82},"bb",[60,84591,79],{"class":78},[60,84593,88],{"class":74},[60,84595,91],{"class":78},[60,84597,84598],{"class":82},"cccc",[60,84600,79],{"class":78},[60,84602,88],{"class":74},[60,84604,91],{"class":78},[60,84606,84607],{"class":82},"ddd",[60,84609,79],{"class":78},[60,84611,108],{"class":74},[60,84613,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84615,143],{"class":142},[60,84617,130],{"class":74},[60,84619,83613],{"class":142},[60,84621,130],{"class":74},[60,84623,716],{"class":126},[60,84625,88],{"class":74},[60,84627,22574],{"class":10173},[60,84629,71],{"class":70},[60,84631,38647],{"class":3082},[60,84633,43826],{"class":38650},[60,84635,3901],{"class":74},[60,84637,39374],{"class":142},[60,84639,130],{"class":74},[60,84641,35702],{"class":126},[60,84643,1992],{"class":74},[20,84645,153],{},[51,84647,84649],{"className":53,"code":84648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cccc\n",[15,84650,84651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84652,84653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84654,84648],{"class":66},[20,84656,50529,84657,2360,84659,84661],{},[15,84658,84462],{},[15,84660,79559],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[46,84663,37601,84665,37604],{"id":84664},"using-the-default-argument",[15,84666,83909],{},[20,84668,2997,84669,84671],{},[15,84670,83909],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,84673,84674],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[51,84676,84678],{"className":53,"code":84677,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84679,84680,84688],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84681,84682,84684,84686],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84683,4629],{"class":66},[60,84685,71],{"class":70},[60,84687,8834],{"class":74},[60,84689,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706,84708],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84691,143],{"class":142},[60,84693,130],{"class":74},[60,84695,83613],{"class":142},[60,84697,130],{"class":74},[60,84699,4659],{"class":126},[60,84701,88],{"class":74},[60,84703,27516],{"class":10173},[60,84705,71],{"class":70},[60,84707,3137],{"class":1402},[60,84709,1042],{"class":74},[20,84711,153],{},[51,84713,84714],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,84715,84716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84717,84718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84719,48234],{"class":1402},[20,84721,84722],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,84724,84725,84726,84728],{},"Without ",[15,84727,83909],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,84730,53059],{},[51,84732,84734],{"className":53,"code":84733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,84735,84736,84744,84771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84737,84738,84740,84742],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84739,67],{"class":66},[60,84741,71],{"class":70},[60,84743,8834],{"class":74},[60,84745,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84767,84769],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84747,114],{"class":66},[60,84749,71],{"class":70},[60,84751,83960],{"class":142},[60,84753,130],{"class":74},[60,84755,133],{"class":126},[60,84757,88],{"class":74},[60,84759,27516],{"class":10173},[60,84761,71],{"class":70},[60,84763,79],{"class":78},[60,84765,84766],{"class":82},"no words found",[60,84768,79],{"class":78},[60,84770,136],{"class":74},[60,84772,84773,84775,84777,84779],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,84774,143],{"class":142},[60,84776,130],{"class":74},[60,84778,148],{"class":126},[60,84780,136],{"class":74},[20,84782,153],{},[51,84784,84786],{"className":53,"code":84785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"no words found\n",[15,84787,84788],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84789,84790],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84791,84785],{"class":66},[20,84793,84794],{},"Important:",[33,84796,84797,84805],{},[36,84798,84799,84801,84802],{},[15,84800,83909],{}," works with ",[15,84803,84804],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[36,84806,41892,84807,84809,84810],{},[4753,84808,5632],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84811,84812],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[46,84814,48968],{"id":48967},[20,84816,84817,84818,123],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84819,83554],{},[415,84821,84823,84825],{"id":84822},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84824,41690],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84827,84828,84829,46890,84831,123],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84830,83909],{},[15,84832,41690],{},[51,84834,84836],{"className":53,"code":84835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84837,84838,84846],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84839,84840,84842,84844],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84841,4629],{"class":66},[60,84843,71],{"class":70},[60,84845,8834],{"class":74},[60,84847,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84849,143],{"class":142},[60,84851,130],{"class":74},[60,84853,83613],{"class":142},[60,84855,130],{"class":74},[60,84857,4659],{"class":126},[60,84859,1042],{"class":74},[20,84861,30674],{},[51,84863,84865],{"className":53,"code":84864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84866,84867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84868,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84880,84882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84870,41690],{"class":1527},[60,84872,3901],{"class":74},[60,84874,83960],{"class":142},[60,84876,8363],{"class":74},[60,84878,84879],{"class":66}," arg ",[60,84881,94],{"class":70},[60,84883,84884],{"class":66}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84886,84887,84888,3901],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84889,83909],{},[51,84891,84893],{"className":53,"code":84892,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84894,84895,84903],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84896,84897,84899,84901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84898,4629],{"class":66},[60,84900,71],{"class":70},[60,84902,8834],{"class":74},[60,84904,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919,84921,84923],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84906,143],{"class":142},[60,84908,130],{"class":74},[60,84910,83613],{"class":142},[60,84912,130],{"class":74},[60,84914,4659],{"class":126},[60,84916,88],{"class":74},[60,84918,27516],{"class":10173},[60,84920,71],{"class":70},[60,84922,1585],{"class":1611},[60,84924,1042],{"class":74},[20,84926,84927,84928,123],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[551,84929,66814],{"href":73853},[415,84931,84933,84935],{"id":84932},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84934,1472],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84937,84938,84939,123],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84940,1472],{},[51,84942,84944],{"className":53,"code":84943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84945,84946,84970],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84947,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84949,664],{"class":66},[60,84951,71],{"class":70},[60,84953,75],{"class":74},[60,84955,1345],{"class":1402},[60,84957,88],{"class":74},[60,84959,91],{"class":78},[60,84961,1354],{"class":82},[60,84963,79],{"class":78},[60,84965,88],{"class":74},[60,84967,8791],{"class":1402},[60,84969,108],{"class":74},[60,84971,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,84973,143],{"class":142},[60,84975,130],{"class":74},[60,84977,83613],{"class":142},[60,84979,130],{"class":74},[60,84981,716],{"class":126},[60,84983,1042],{"class":74},[20,84985,84986],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84988,84989],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[51,84991,84993],{"className":53,"code":84992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84994,84995,85015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,84996,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,84998,664],{"class":66},[60,85000,71],{"class":70},[60,85002,75],{"class":74},[60,85004,1345],{"class":1402},[60,85006,88],{"class":74},[60,85008,1407],{"class":1402},[60,85010,88],{"class":74},[60,85012,8791],{"class":1402},[60,85014,108],{"class":74},[60,85016,85017,85019,85021,85023,85025,85027],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85018,143],{"class":142},[60,85020,130],{"class":74},[60,85022,83613],{"class":142},[60,85024,130],{"class":74},[60,85026,716],{"class":126},[60,85028,1042],{"class":74},[20,85030,85031,85032,123],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[551,85033,85035],{"href":85034},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[415,85037,85039,85041],{"id":85038},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,85040,1472],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,85043,85044,85046],{},[15,85045,83554],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[51,85048,85050],{"className":53,"code":85049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(max())\n",[15,85051,85052],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85053,85054,85056,85058,85060],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85055,143],{"class":142},[60,85057,130],{"class":74},[60,85059,83613],{"class":142},[60,85061,8193],{"class":74},[20,85063,4016,85064,123],{},[15,85065,1472],{},[46,85067,85069,11583,85071],{"id":85068},"max-vs-sorted",[15,85070,83554],{},[15,85072,75399],{},[20,85074,85075],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,85077,85078,3901],{},[15,85079,83554],{},[33,85081,85082],{},[36,85083,85084],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,85086,85087,3901],{},[15,85088,75399],{},[33,85090,85091],{},[36,85092,85093],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,85095,236],{},[51,85097,85099],{"className":53,"code":85098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,85100,85101,85125,85129,85143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85102,85103,85105,85107,85109,85111,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85104,4629],{"class":66},[60,85106,71],{"class":70},[60,85108,75],{"class":74},[60,85110,3079],{"class":1402},[60,85112,88],{"class":74},[60,85114,7358],{"class":1402},[60,85116,88],{"class":74},[60,85118,1437],{"class":1402},[60,85120,88],{"class":74},[60,85122,5606],{"class":1402},[60,85124,108],{"class":74},[60,85126,85127],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85128,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,85130,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,85132,143],{"class":142},[60,85134,130],{"class":74},[60,85136,83613],{"class":142},[60,85138,130],{"class":74},[60,85140,4659],{"class":126},[60,85142,1042],{"class":74},[60,85144,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,85146,143],{"class":142},[60,85148,130],{"class":74},[60,85150,75489],{"class":142},[60,85152,130],{"class":74},[60,85154,4659],{"class":126},[60,85156,1042],{"class":74},[20,85158,153],{},[51,85160,85162],{"className":53,"code":85161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,85163,85164,85168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85165,85166],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85167,3396],{"class":1402},[60,85169,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85171,353],{"class":74},[60,85173,1925],{"class":1402},[60,85175,88],{"class":74},[60,85177,1442],{"class":1402},[60,85179,88],{"class":74},[60,85181,5606],{"class":1402},[60,85183,88],{"class":74},[60,85185,7358],{"class":1402},[60,85187,108],{"class":74},[20,85189,171,85190,85192],{},[15,85191,83554],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,85194,171,85195,85199],{},[551,85196,85197],{"href":75496},[15,85198,75399],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,85201,85202,85203,123],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[551,85204,85206],{"href":85205},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,85207,85208],{},"min()",[46,85210,3845],{"id":3844},[20,85212,85213],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[33,85215,85216,85223,85226,85231,85234],{},[36,85217,30643,85218,85220,85221],{},[15,85219,83554],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,85222,83909],{},[36,85224,85225],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[36,85227,9449,85228,85230],{},[15,85229,83554],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[36,85232,85233],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[36,85235,9413,85236,85238],{},[15,85237,83909],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,85240,12108],{},[51,85242,85244],{"className":53,"code":85243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,85245,85246,85256,85270,85284,85298,85320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85247,85248,85250,85252,85254],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85249,143],{"class":142},[60,85251,130],{"class":74},[60,85253,716],{"class":126},[60,85255,136],{"class":74},[60,85257,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85259,143],{"class":142},[60,85261,130],{"class":74},[60,85263,2629],{"class":1527},[60,85265,130],{"class":74},[60,85267,716],{"class":126},[60,85269,1042],{"class":74},[60,85271,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,85273,143],{"class":142},[60,85275,130],{"class":74},[60,85277,12157],{"class":142},[60,85279,130],{"class":74},[60,85281,716],{"class":126},[60,85283,1042],{"class":74},[60,85285,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,85287,143],{"class":142},[60,85289,130],{"class":74},[60,85291,83613],{"class":142},[60,85293,130],{"class":74},[60,85295,716],{"class":126},[60,85297,1042],{"class":74},[60,85299,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85314,85316,85318],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,85301,143],{"class":142},[60,85303,130],{"class":74},[60,85305,83613],{"class":142},[60,85307,130],{"class":74},[60,85309,716],{"class":126},[60,85311,88],{"class":74},[60,85313,27516],{"class":10173},[60,85315,71],{"class":70},[60,85317,1585],{"class":1611},[60,85319,1042],{"class":74},[60,85321,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,85323,143],{"class":142},[60,85325,2652],{"class":74},[60,85327,2629],{"class":1527},[60,85329,130],{"class":74},[60,85331,3191],{"class":126},[60,85333,2662],{"class":74},[60,85335,2666],{"class":2665},[60,85337,4886],{"class":126},[60,85339,2672],{"class":2665},[60,85341,1989],{"class":126},[60,85343,2677],{"class":74},[20,85345,85346],{},"These are useful for checking:",[33,85348,85349,85354,85359,85362],{},[36,85350,85351,85352],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,85353,716],{},[36,85355,80724,85356,85358],{},[15,85357,716],{}," is a list or some other type",[36,85360,85361],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[36,85363,85364],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,85366,70322,85367,85370,85371,85373],{},[15,85368,85369],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,85372,716],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[46,85375,2804],{"id":2803},[415,85377,2846,85379,6145],{"id":85378},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,85380,83554],{},[20,85382,85383],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[415,85385,6170,85387,85389],{"id":85386},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,85388,83554],{}," work with strings?",[20,85391,85392],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[415,85394,72621],{"id":72620},[20,85396,85397,53474,85399,85401,85402,85404],{},[15,85398,83554],{},[15,85400,41690],{}," unless you use the ",[15,85403,83909],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[415,85406,85408,85409,2863],{"id":85407},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,85410,83554],{},[20,85412,171,85413,3901],{},[15,85414,84462],{},[51,85416,85417],{"className":53,"code":84390,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85418,85419,85451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85420,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85422,67],{"class":66},[60,85424,71],{"class":70},[60,85426,75],{"class":74},[60,85428,79],{"class":78},[60,85430,38035],{"class":82},[60,85432,79],{"class":78},[60,85434,88],{"class":74},[60,85436,91],{"class":78},[60,85438,69301],{"class":82},[60,85440,79],{"class":78},[60,85442,88],{"class":74},[60,85444,91],{"class":78},[60,85446,59107],{"class":82},[60,85448,79],{"class":78},[60,85450,108],{"class":74},[60,85452,85453,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85454,143],{"class":142},[60,85456,130],{"class":74},[60,85458,83613],{"class":142},[60,85460,130],{"class":74},[60,85462,133],{"class":126},[60,85464,88],{"class":74},[60,85466,22574],{"class":10173},[60,85468,71],{"class":70},[60,85470,12157],{"class":142},[60,85472,1042],{"class":74},[415,85474,6180,85476,2360,85478,2863],{"id":85475},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,85477,83554],{},[15,85479,75399],{},[20,85481,85482,85484,85485,85487],{},[15,85483,83554],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":85526},[85527,85528,85530,85531,85533,85535,85537,85542,85544,85552,85554,85555,85566],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":83744,"depth":111,"text":85529},"What max() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":83913,"depth":111,"text":85532},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":84083,"depth":111,"text":85534},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":84218,"depth":111,"text":85536},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79676,"depth":111,"text":80873,"children":85538},[85539,85540,85541],{"id":84386,"depth":139,"text":84387},{"id":84475,"depth":139,"text":84476},{"id":84557,"depth":139,"text":84558},{"id":84664,"depth":111,"text":85543},"Using the default argument",{"id":48967,"depth":111,"text":48968,"children":85545},[85546,85548,85550],{"id":84822,"depth":139,"text":85547},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84932,"depth":139,"text":85549},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":85038,"depth":139,"text":85551},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":85068,"depth":111,"text":85553},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":85556},[85557,85559,85561,85562,85564],{"id":85378,"depth":139,"text":85558},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":85386,"depth":139,"text":85560},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72620,"depth":139,"text":72621},{"id":85407,"depth":139,"text":85563},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":85475,"depth":139,"text":85565},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":83546,"description":85567},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":85574,"title":85575,"body":85576,"description":87530,"extension":2980,"meta":87531,"navigation":304,"path":87532,"seo":87533,"stem":87534,"__hash__":87535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85577,"toc":87487},[85578,85583,85588,85594,85596,85670,85672,85685,85690,85695,85711,85715,85720,85796,85802,85805,85848,85850,85858,85864,85867,85898,85900,85908,85914,85919,85978,85980,85989,85992,86002,86008,86013,86048,86050,86058,86064,86070,86075,86119,86121,86130,86133,86173,86175,86184,86187,86199,86204,86209,86260,86262,86271,86274,86325,86327,86336,86339,86346,86352,86357,86359,86374,86378,86438,86440,86449,86453,86625,86627,86664,86671,86677,86680,86707,86709,86730,86735,86770,86772,86780,86783,86786,86802,86807,86809,86813,86819,86823,86850,86853,86863,86903,86907,86910,86953,86955,86964,86967,86972,87041,87043,87051,87056,87060,87063,87114,87116,87124,87127,87190,87192,87200,87203,87208,87212,87225,87232,87240,87242,87244,87274,87280,87381,87391,87393,87398,87401,87406,87409,87411,87419,87427,87435,87442,87450,87452,87484],[10,85579,163,85581,4591],{"id":85580},"python-min-function-explained",[15,85582,85208],{},[20,85584,85585,85587],{},[15,85586,85208],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,85589,85590,85591,85593],{},"This page explains what ",[15,85592,85208],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[46,85595,3022],{"id":3021},[51,85597,85599],{"className":53,"code":85598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,85600,85601,85625,85640,85644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85602,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85604,4629],{"class":66},[60,85606,71],{"class":70},[60,85608,75],{"class":74},[60,85610,3154],{"class":1402},[60,85612,88],{"class":74},[60,85614,1437],{"class":1402},[60,85616,88],{"class":74},[60,85618,55116],{"class":1402},[60,85620,88],{"class":74},[60,85622,6499],{"class":1402},[60,85624,108],{"class":74},[60,85626,85627,85629,85631,85634,85636,85638],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85628,143],{"class":142},[60,85630,130],{"class":74},[60,85632,85633],{"class":142},"min",[60,85635,130],{"class":74},[60,85637,4659],{"class":126},[60,85639,1042],{"class":74},[60,85641,85642],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,85643,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,85645,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,85647,143],{"class":142},[60,85649,130],{"class":74},[60,85651,85633],{"class":142},[60,85653,130],{"class":74},[60,85655,3154],{"class":1402},[60,85657,88],{"class":74},[60,85659,1437],{"class":1402},[60,85661,88],{"class":74},[60,85663,55116],{"class":1402},[60,85665,88],{"class":74},[60,85667,6499],{"class":1402},[60,85669,1042],{"class":74},[20,85671,153],{},[51,85673,85675],{"className":53,"code":85674,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1\n1\n",[15,85676,85677,85681],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85678,85679],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85680,47899],{"class":1402},[60,85682,85683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85684,47899],{"class":1402},[20,85686,171,85687,85689],{},[15,85688,85208],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[46,85691,178,85693,181],{"id":85692},"what-min-does",[15,85694,85208],{},[33,85696,85697,85702,85705,85708],{},[36,85698,85699,85701],{},[15,85700,85208],{}," returns the smallest item",[36,85703,85704],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[36,85706,85707],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[36,85709,85710],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[46,85712,85714],{"id":85713},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,85716,85717,85718,3901],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,85719,85208],{},[51,85721,85723],{"className":53,"code":85722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,85724,85725,85735,85760,85778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85726,85727,85729,85731,85733],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85728,85633],{"class":142},[60,85730,130],{"class":74},[60,85732,411],{"class":126},[60,85734,136],{"class":74},[60,85736,85737,85739,85741,85744,85746,85749,85751,85754,85756,85758],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85738,85633],{"class":142},[60,85740,130],{"class":74},[60,85742,85743],{"class":126},"value1",[60,85745,88],{"class":74},[60,85747,85748],{"class":126}," value2",[60,85750,88],{"class":74},[60,85752,85753],{"class":126}," value3",[60,85755,88],{"class":74},[60,85757,35447],{"class":142},[60,85759,136],{"class":74},[60,85761,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772,85774,85776],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,85763,85633],{"class":142},[60,85765,130],{"class":74},[60,85767,411],{"class":126},[60,85769,88],{"class":74},[60,85771,22574],{"class":10173},[60,85773,71],{"class":70},[60,85775,38358],{"class":142},[60,85777,136],{"class":74},[60,85779,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,85781,85633],{"class":142},[60,85783,130],{"class":74},[60,85785,411],{"class":126},[60,85787,88],{"class":74},[60,85789,27516],{"class":10173},[60,85791,71],{"class":70},[60,85793,38358],{"class":142},[60,85795,136],{"class":74},[415,85797,85799],{"id":85798},"miniterable",[15,85800,85801],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85803,85804],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[51,85806,85808],{"className":53,"code":85807,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85809,85810,85834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85811,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85813,4629],{"class":66},[60,85815,71],{"class":70},[60,85817,75],{"class":74},[60,85819,3360],{"class":1402},[60,85821,88],{"class":74},[60,85823,1442],{"class":1402},[60,85825,88],{"class":74},[60,85827,31935],{"class":1402},[60,85829,88],{"class":74},[60,85831,6499],{"class":1402},[60,85833,108],{"class":74},[60,85835,85836,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85837,143],{"class":142},[60,85839,130],{"class":74},[60,85841,85633],{"class":142},[60,85843,130],{"class":74},[60,85845,4659],{"class":126},[60,85847,1042],{"class":74},[20,85849,153],{},[51,85851,85852],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85853,85854],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85855,85856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85857,47899],{"class":1402},[415,85859,85861],{"id":85860},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85862,85863],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85865,85866],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[51,85868,85870],{"className":53,"code":85869,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85871,85872],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85873,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85875,143],{"class":142},[60,85877,130],{"class":74},[60,85879,85633],{"class":142},[60,85881,130],{"class":74},[60,85883,3360],{"class":1402},[60,85885,88],{"class":74},[60,85887,1442],{"class":1402},[60,85889,88],{"class":74},[60,85891,31935],{"class":1402},[60,85893,88],{"class":74},[60,85895,6499],{"class":1402},[60,85897,1042],{"class":74},[20,85899,153],{},[51,85901,85902],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,85903,85904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85905,85906],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85907,47899],{"class":1402},[415,85909,85911],{"id":85910},"miniterable-key",[15,85912,85913],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85915,171,85916,85918],{},[15,85917,15834],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[51,85920,85922],{"className":53,"code":85921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85923,85924,85956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85925,85926,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952,85954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85927,67],{"class":66},[60,85929,71],{"class":70},[60,85931,75],{"class":74},[60,85933,79],{"class":78},[60,85935,79718],{"class":82},[60,85937,79],{"class":78},[60,85939,88],{"class":74},[60,85941,91],{"class":78},[60,85943,39329],{"class":82},[60,85945,79],{"class":78},[60,85947,88],{"class":74},[60,85949,91],{"class":78},[60,85951,1619],{"class":82},[60,85953,79],{"class":78},[60,85955,108],{"class":74},[60,85957,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,85959,143],{"class":142},[60,85961,130],{"class":74},[60,85963,85633],{"class":142},[60,85965,130],{"class":74},[60,85967,133],{"class":126},[60,85969,88],{"class":74},[60,85971,22574],{"class":10173},[60,85973,71],{"class":70},[60,85975,12157],{"class":142},[60,85977,1042],{"class":74},[20,85979,153],{},[51,85981,85983],{"className":53,"code":85982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"kiwi\n",[15,85984,85985],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,85986,85987],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,85988,85982],{"class":66},[20,85990,85991],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85993,85994,85995,85997,85998,123],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85996,43346],{},", see the ",[551,85999,86000,1579],{"href":43343},[15,86001,43346],{},[415,86003,86005],{"id":86004},"miniterable-default",[15,86006,86007],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,86009,171,86010,86012],{},[15,86011,83909],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[51,86014,86016],{"className":53,"code":86015,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,86017,86018,86026],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86019,86020,86022,86024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86021,4629],{"class":66},[60,86023,71],{"class":70},[60,86025,8834],{"class":74},[60,86027,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86029,143],{"class":142},[60,86031,130],{"class":74},[60,86033,85633],{"class":142},[60,86035,130],{"class":74},[60,86037,4659],{"class":126},[60,86039,88],{"class":74},[60,86041,27516],{"class":10173},[60,86043,71],{"class":70},[60,86045,3137],{"class":1402},[60,86047,1042],{"class":74},[20,86049,153],{},[51,86051,86052],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,86053,86054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86055,86056],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86057,48234],{"class":1402},[20,86059,86060,86061,86063],{},"This avoids a ",[15,86062,41690],{}," when there is no item to return.",[46,86065,9413,86067,86069],{"id":86066},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,86068,85208],{}," with numbers",[20,86071,86072,86074],{},[15,86073,85208],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[51,86076,86078],{"className":53,"code":86077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,86079,86080,86105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86081,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86095,86097,86099,86101,86103],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86083,6064],{"class":66},[60,86085,71],{"class":70},[60,86087,75],{"class":74},[60,86089,52484],{"class":1402},[60,86091,88],{"class":74},[60,86093,86094],{"class":1402}," 72",[60,86096,88],{"class":74},[60,86098,29899],{"class":1402},[60,86100,88],{"class":74},[60,86102,77074],{"class":1402},[60,86104,108],{"class":74},[60,86106,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86108,143],{"class":142},[60,86110,130],{"class":74},[60,86112,85633],{"class":142},[60,86114,130],{"class":74},[60,86116,17382],{"class":126},[60,86118,1042],{"class":74},[20,86120,153],{},[51,86122,86124],{"className":53,"code":86123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"60\n",[15,86125,86126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86127,86128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86129,86123],{"class":1402},[20,86131,86132],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[51,86134,86136],{"className":53,"code":86135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,86137,86138,86159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86139,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86153,86155,86157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86141,84021],{"class":66},[60,86143,71],{"class":70},[60,86145,75],{"class":74},[60,86147,41384],{"class":1402},[60,86149,88],{"class":74},[60,86151,86152],{"class":1402}," 5.49",[60,86154,88],{"class":74},[60,86156,84037],{"class":1402},[60,86158,108],{"class":74},[60,86160,86161,86163,86165,86167,86169,86171],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86162,143],{"class":142},[60,86164,130],{"class":74},[60,86166,85633],{"class":142},[60,86168,130],{"class":74},[60,86170,84057],{"class":126},[60,86172,1042],{"class":74},[20,86174,153],{},[51,86176,86178],{"className":53,"code":86177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5.49\n",[15,86179,86180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86181,86182],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86183,86177],{"class":1402},[20,86185,86186],{},"This is useful for things like:",[33,86188,86189,86191,86193,86196],{},[36,86190,17382],{},[36,86192,84057],{},[36,86194,86195],{},"measurements",[36,86197,86198],{},"ages",[46,86200,9413,86202,48041],{"id":86201},"using-min-with-strings",[15,86203,85208],{},[20,86205,86206,86208],{},[15,86207,85208],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[51,86210,86212],{"className":53,"code":86211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86213,86214,86246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86215,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86217,67],{"class":66},[60,86219,71],{"class":70},[60,86221,75],{"class":74},[60,86223,79],{"class":78},[60,86225,1619],{"class":82},[60,86227,79],{"class":78},[60,86229,88],{"class":74},[60,86231,91],{"class":78},[60,86233,1604],{"class":82},[60,86235,79],{"class":78},[60,86237,88],{"class":74},[60,86239,91],{"class":78},[60,86241,5098],{"class":82},[60,86243,79],{"class":78},[60,86245,108],{"class":74},[60,86247,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86249,143],{"class":142},[60,86251,130],{"class":74},[60,86253,85633],{"class":142},[60,86255,130],{"class":74},[60,86257,133],{"class":126},[60,86259,1042],{"class":74},[20,86261,153],{},[51,86263,86265],{"className":53,"code":86264,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"apple\n",[15,86266,86267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86268,86269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86270,86264],{"class":66},[20,86272,86273],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[51,86275,86277],{"className":53,"code":86276,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86278,86279,86311],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86280,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86282,67],{"class":66},[60,86284,71],{"class":70},[60,86286,75],{"class":74},[60,86288,79],{"class":78},[60,86290,1619],{"class":82},[60,86292,79],{"class":78},[60,86294,88],{"class":74},[60,86296,91],{"class":78},[60,86298,58748],{"class":82},[60,86300,79],{"class":78},[60,86302,88],{"class":74},[60,86304,91],{"class":78},[60,86306,5098],{"class":82},[60,86308,79],{"class":78},[60,86310,108],{"class":74},[60,86312,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86314,143],{"class":142},[60,86316,130],{"class":74},[60,86318,85633],{"class":142},[60,86320,130],{"class":74},[60,86322,133],{"class":126},[60,86324,1042],{"class":74},[20,86326,153],{},[51,86328,86330],{"className":53,"code":86329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\n",[15,86331,86332],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86333,86334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86335,86329],{"class":66},[20,86337,86338],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,86340,86341,86342,123],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[551,86343,86344,6785],{"href":75496},[15,86345,75399],{},[46,86347,9413,86349,86351],{"id":86348},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,86350,85208],{}," with a key function",[20,86353,2997,86354,86356],{},[15,86355,15834],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,86358,189],{},[33,86360,86361,86366,86371],{},[36,86362,86363,86365],{},[15,86364,15834],{}," changes the comparison rule",[36,86367,86368,86370],{},[15,86369,85208],{}," still returns the original item",[36,86372,86373],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[415,86375,86377],{"id":86376},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[51,86379,86381],{"className":53,"code":86380,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86382,86383,86416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86384,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86412,86414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86386,67],{"class":66},[60,86388,71],{"class":70},[60,86390,75],{"class":74},[60,86392,79],{"class":78},[60,86394,69301],{"class":82},[60,86396,79],{"class":78},[60,86398,88],{"class":74},[60,86400,91],{"class":78},[60,86402,38035],{"class":82},[60,86404,79],{"class":78},[60,86406,88],{"class":74},[60,86408,91],{"class":78},[60,86410,86411],{"class":82},"giraffe",[60,86413,79],{"class":78},[60,86415,108],{"class":74},[60,86417,86418,86420,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86419,143],{"class":142},[60,86421,130],{"class":74},[60,86423,85633],{"class":142},[60,86425,130],{"class":74},[60,86427,133],{"class":126},[60,86429,88],{"class":74},[60,86431,22574],{"class":10173},[60,86433,71],{"class":70},[60,86435,12157],{"class":142},[60,86437,1042],{"class":74},[20,86439,153],{},[51,86441,86443],{"className":53,"code":86442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat\n",[15,86444,86445],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86446,86447],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86448,86442],{"class":66},[415,86450,86452],{"id":86451},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[51,86454,86456],{"className":53,"code":86455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,86457,86458,86468,86503,86535,86567,86571,86575,86614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86459,86460,86463,86465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86461,86462],{"class":66},"students ",[60,86464,71],{"class":70},[60,86466,86467],{"class":74}," [\n",[60,86469,86470,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86494,86496,86498,86500],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86471,86472],{"class":74},"    {",[60,86474,79],{"class":78},[60,86476,8666],{"class":82},[60,86478,79],{"class":78},[60,86480,3901],{"class":74},[60,86482,91],{"class":78},[60,86484,463],{"class":82},[60,86486,79],{"class":78},[60,86488,88],{"class":74},[60,86490,91],{"class":78},[60,86492,86493],{"class":82},"score",[60,86495,79],{"class":78},[60,86497,3901],{"class":74},[60,86499,14499],{"class":1402},[60,86501,86502],{"class":74},"},\n",[60,86504,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,86506,86472],{"class":74},[60,86508,79],{"class":78},[60,86510,8666],{"class":82},[60,86512,79],{"class":78},[60,86514,3901],{"class":74},[60,86516,91],{"class":78},[60,86518,472],{"class":82},[60,86520,79],{"class":78},[60,86522,88],{"class":74},[60,86524,91],{"class":78},[60,86526,86493],{"class":82},[60,86528,79],{"class":78},[60,86530,3901],{"class":74},[60,86532,86094],{"class":1402},[60,86534,86502],{"class":74},[60,86536,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,86538,86472],{"class":74},[60,86540,79],{"class":78},[60,86542,8666],{"class":82},[60,86544,79],{"class":78},[60,86546,3901],{"class":74},[60,86548,91],{"class":78},[60,86550,481],{"class":82},[60,86552,79],{"class":78},[60,86554,88],{"class":74},[60,86556,91],{"class":78},[60,86558,86493],{"class":82},[60,86560,79],{"class":78},[60,86562,3901],{"class":74},[60,86564,20892],{"class":1402},[60,86566,10306],{"class":74},[60,86568,86569],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,86570,108],{"class":74},[60,86572,86573],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,86574,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,86576,86577,86580,86582,86585,86587,86590,86592,86594,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,86578,86579],{"class":66},"lowest ",[60,86581,71],{"class":70},[60,86583,86584],{"class":142}," min",[60,86586,130],{"class":74},[60,86588,86589],{"class":126},"students",[60,86591,88],{"class":74},[60,86593,22574],{"class":10173},[60,86595,71],{"class":70},[60,86597,38647],{"class":3082},[60,86599,13900],{"class":38650},[60,86601,3901],{"class":74},[60,86603,13900],{"class":126},[60,86605,353],{"class":74},[60,86607,79],{"class":78},[60,86609,86493],{"class":82},[60,86611,79],{"class":78},[60,86613,2677],{"class":74},[60,86615,86616,86618,86620,86623],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,86617,143],{"class":142},[60,86619,130],{"class":74},[60,86621,86622],{"class":126},"lowest",[60,86624,136],{"class":74},[20,86626,153],{},[51,86628,86630],{"className":53,"code":86629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,86631,86632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86633,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658,86660,86662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86635,10275],{"class":74},[60,86637,356],{"class":78},[60,86639,8666],{"class":82},[60,86641,356],{"class":78},[60,86643,3901],{"class":74},[60,86645,365],{"class":78},[60,86647,472],{"class":82},[60,86649,356],{"class":78},[60,86651,88],{"class":74},[60,86653,365],{"class":78},[60,86655,86493],{"class":82},[60,86657,356],{"class":78},[60,86659,3901],{"class":74},[60,86661,86094],{"class":1402},[60,86663,10306],{"class":74},[20,86665,86666,86667,86670],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,86668,86669],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[46,86672,9413,86674,86676],{"id":86673},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,86675,83909],{}," with empty iterables",[20,86678,86679],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[51,86681,86683],{"className":53,"code":86682,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86684,86685,86693],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86686,86687,86689,86691],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86688,4629],{"class":66},[60,86690,71],{"class":70},[60,86692,8834],{"class":74},[60,86694,86695,86697,86699,86701,86703,86705],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86696,143],{"class":142},[60,86698,130],{"class":74},[60,86700,85633],{"class":142},[60,86702,130],{"class":74},[60,86704,4659],{"class":126},[60,86706,1042],{"class":74},[20,86708,153],{},[51,86710,86712],{"className":53,"code":86711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,86713,86714],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86715,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86717,41690],{"class":1527},[60,86719,3901],{"class":74},[60,86721,86584],{"class":142},[60,86723,8363],{"class":74},[60,86725,84879],{"class":66},[60,86727,94],{"class":70},[60,86729,84884],{"class":66},[20,86731,86732,86733,3901],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,86734,83909],{},[51,86736,86738],{"className":53,"code":86737,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,86739,86740,86748],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86741,86742,86744,86746],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86743,4629],{"class":66},[60,86745,71],{"class":70},[60,86747,8834],{"class":74},[60,86749,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86751,143],{"class":142},[60,86753,130],{"class":74},[60,86755,85633],{"class":142},[60,86757,130],{"class":74},[60,86759,4659],{"class":126},[60,86761,88],{"class":74},[60,86763,27516],{"class":10173},[60,86765,71],{"class":70},[60,86767,1585],{"class":1611},[60,86769,1042],{"class":74},[20,86771,153],{},[51,86773,86774],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,86775,86776],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86777,86778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86779,12803],{"class":1611},[20,86781,86782],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,86784,86785],{},"Remember:",[33,86787,86788,86796],{},[36,86789,86790,86792,86793,86795],{},[15,86791,83909],{}," works only when ",[15,86794,85208],{}," gets one iterable argument",[36,86797,86798,86799],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86800,86801],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86803,86804,86805,123],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[551,86806,66814],{"href":73853},[46,86808,11741],{"id":11740},[20,86810,57756,86811,123],{},[15,86812,85208],{},[415,86814,86816,86817],{"id":86815},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86818,83909],{},[20,86820,4016,86821,3901],{},[15,86822,41690],{},[51,86824,86826],{"className":53,"code":86825,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86827,86828,86836],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86829,86830,86832,86834],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86831,664],{"class":66},[60,86833,71],{"class":70},[60,86835,8834],{"class":74},[60,86837,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86839,143],{"class":142},[60,86841,130],{"class":74},[60,86843,85633],{"class":142},[60,86845,130],{"class":74},[60,86847,716],{"class":126},[60,86849,1042],{"class":74},[20,86851,86852],{},"Fix it by:",[33,86854,86855,86858],{},[36,86856,86857],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[36,86859,86860,86861],{},"or using ",[15,86862,83909],{},[51,86864,86866],{"className":53,"code":86865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86867,86868,86876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86869,86870,86872,86874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86871,664],{"class":66},[60,86873,71],{"class":70},[60,86875,8834],{"class":74},[60,86877,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86899,86901],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86879,143],{"class":142},[60,86881,130],{"class":74},[60,86883,85633],{"class":142},[60,86885,130],{"class":74},[60,86887,716],{"class":126},[60,86889,88],{"class":74},[60,86891,27516],{"class":10173},[60,86893,71],{"class":70},[60,86895,79],{"class":78},[60,86897,86898],{"class":82},"no items",[60,86900,79],{"class":78},[60,86902,1042],{"class":74},[415,86904,86906],{"id":86905},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86908,86909],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[51,86911,86913],{"className":53,"code":86912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86914,86915,86939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86916,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86918,10163],{"class":66},[60,86920,71],{"class":70},[60,86922,75],{"class":74},[60,86924,1345],{"class":1402},[60,86926,88],{"class":74},[60,86928,91],{"class":78},[60,86930,1354],{"class":82},[60,86932,79],{"class":78},[60,86934,88],{"class":74},[60,86936,5606],{"class":1402},[60,86938,108],{"class":74},[60,86940,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,86942,143],{"class":142},[60,86944,130],{"class":74},[60,86946,85633],{"class":142},[60,86948,130],{"class":74},[60,86950,10202],{"class":126},[60,86952,1042],{"class":74},[20,86954,153],{},[51,86956,86958],{"className":53,"code":86957,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError\n",[15,86959,86960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86961,86962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86963,86957],{"class":1527},[20,86965,86966],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86968,86969,86970,123],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86971,85208],{},[51,86973,86975],{"className":53,"code":86974,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86976,86977,87001,87027],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,86978,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,86980,10163],{"class":66},[60,86982,71],{"class":70},[60,86984,75],{"class":74},[60,86986,1345],{"class":1402},[60,86988,88],{"class":74},[60,86990,91],{"class":78},[60,86992,1354],{"class":82},[60,86994,79],{"class":78},[60,86996,88],{"class":74},[60,86998,5606],{"class":1402},[60,87000,108],{"class":74},[60,87002,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87004,4629],{"class":66},[60,87006,71],{"class":70},[60,87008,75],{"class":74},[60,87010,3206],{"class":1527},[60,87012,130],{"class":74},[60,87014,3191],{"class":126},[60,87016,2662],{"class":74},[60,87018,2666],{"class":2665},[60,87020,4886],{"class":66},[60,87022,2672],{"class":2665},[60,87024,15559],{"class":66},[60,87026,108],{"class":74},[60,87028,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,87030,143],{"class":142},[60,87032,130],{"class":74},[60,87034,85633],{"class":142},[60,87036,130],{"class":74},[60,87038,4659],{"class":126},[60,87040,1042],{"class":74},[20,87042,153],{},[51,87044,87045],{"className":53,"code":3963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87046,87047],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87048,87049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87050,3963],{"class":1402},[20,87052,87053,87054,123],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,87055,1472],{},[415,87057,87059],{"id":87058},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,87061,87062],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[51,87064,87066],{"className":53,"code":87065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,87067,87068,87100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87069,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87071,67],{"class":66},[60,87073,71],{"class":70},[60,87075,75],{"class":74},[60,87077,79],{"class":78},[60,87079,80533],{"class":82},[60,87081,79],{"class":78},[60,87083,88],{"class":74},[60,87085,91],{"class":78},[60,87087,58748],{"class":82},[60,87089,79],{"class":78},[60,87091,88],{"class":74},[60,87093,91],{"class":78},[60,87095,80550],{"class":82},[60,87097,79],{"class":78},[60,87099,108],{"class":74},[60,87101,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87103,143],{"class":142},[60,87105,130],{"class":74},[60,87107,85633],{"class":142},[60,87109,130],{"class":74},[60,87111,133],{"class":126},[60,87113,1042],{"class":74},[20,87115,153],{},[51,87117,87118],{"className":53,"code":86329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87119,87120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87121,87122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87123,86329],{"class":66},[20,87125,87126],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[51,87128,87130],{"className":53,"code":87129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,87131,87132,87164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87133,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87135,67],{"class":66},[60,87137,71],{"class":70},[60,87139,75],{"class":74},[60,87141,79],{"class":78},[60,87143,80533],{"class":82},[60,87145,79],{"class":78},[60,87147,88],{"class":74},[60,87149,91],{"class":78},[60,87151,58748],{"class":82},[60,87153,79],{"class":78},[60,87155,88],{"class":74},[60,87157,91],{"class":78},[60,87159,80550],{"class":82},[60,87161,79],{"class":78},[60,87163,108],{"class":74},[60,87165,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87167,143],{"class":142},[60,87169,130],{"class":74},[60,87171,85633],{"class":142},[60,87173,130],{"class":74},[60,87175,133],{"class":126},[60,87177,88],{"class":74},[60,87179,22574],{"class":10173},[60,87181,71],{"class":70},[60,87183,1528],{"class":1527},[60,87185,123],{"class":74},[60,87187,9637],{"class":25743},[60,87189,1042],{"class":74},[20,87191,153],{},[51,87193,87194],{"className":53,"code":86329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,87195,87196],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87197,87198],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87199,86329],{"class":66},[20,87201,87202],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[46,87204,5963,87206],{"id":87205},"when-to-use-min",[15,87207,85208],{},[20,87209,171,87210,11598],{},[15,87211,85208],{},[33,87213,87214,87217,87222],{},[36,87215,87216],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[36,87218,87219,87220],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,87221,15834],{},[36,87223,87224],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,87226,171,87227,87231],{},[551,87228,87229],{"href":75496},[15,87230,75399],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,87233,171,87234,87239],{},[551,87235,87237],{"href":87236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,87238,83554],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[46,87241,3845],{"id":3844},[20,87243,85213],{},[33,87245,87246,87254,87257,87262,87269],{},[36,87247,87248,87249,87251,87252],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,87250,85208],{}," without using ",[15,87253,83909],{},[36,87255,87256],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[36,87258,9449,87259,87261],{},[15,87260,85208],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[36,87263,5706,87264,87266,87267,86370],{},[15,87265,15834],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,87268,85208],{},[36,87270,9413,87271,87273],{},[15,87272,83909],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,87275,87276,87277,87279],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,87278,85208],{},", these quick checks can help:",[51,87281,87283],{"className":53,"code":87282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,87284,87285,87299,87309,87323,87337,87359],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87286,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87288,143],{"class":142},[60,87290,130],{"class":74},[60,87292,2629],{"class":1527},[60,87294,130],{"class":74},[60,87296,10202],{"class":126},[60,87298,1042],{"class":74},[60,87300,87301,87303,87305,87307],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87302,143],{"class":142},[60,87304,130],{"class":74},[60,87306,10202],{"class":126},[60,87308,136],{"class":74},[60,87310,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,87312,143],{"class":142},[60,87314,130],{"class":74},[60,87316,12157],{"class":142},[60,87318,130],{"class":74},[60,87320,10202],{"class":126},[60,87322,1042],{"class":74},[60,87324,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,87326,143],{"class":142},[60,87328,130],{"class":74},[60,87330,85633],{"class":142},[60,87332,130],{"class":74},[60,87334,10202],{"class":126},[60,87336,1042],{"class":74},[60,87338,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,87340,143],{"class":142},[60,87342,130],{"class":74},[60,87344,85633],{"class":142},[60,87346,130],{"class":74},[60,87348,10202],{"class":126},[60,87350,88],{"class":74},[60,87352,27516],{"class":10173},[60,87354,71],{"class":70},[60,87356,1585],{"class":1611},[60,87358,1042],{"class":74},[60,87360,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,87362,143],{"class":142},[60,87364,130],{"class":74},[60,87366,85633],{"class":142},[60,87368,130],{"class":74},[60,87370,133],{"class":126},[60,87372,88],{"class":74},[60,87374,22574],{"class":10173},[60,87376,71],{"class":70},[60,87378,12157],{"class":142},[60,87380,1042],{"class":74},[20,87382,87383,87384,87387,87388,87390],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,87385,87386],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,87389,10202],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[46,87392,2804],{"id":2803},[415,87394,2846,87396,6145],{"id":87395},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,87397,85208],{},[20,87399,87400],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[415,87402,6170,87404,85389],{"id":87403},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,87405,85208],{},[20,87407,87408],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[415,87410,72621],{"id":72620},[20,87412,87413,53474,87415,85401,87417,37610],{},[15,87414,85208],{},[15,87416,41690],{},[15,87418,83909],{},[415,87420,2846,87422,87424,87425,2863],{"id":87421},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,87423,15834],{}," do in ",[15,87426,85208],{},[20,87428,87429,87431,87432,87434],{},[15,87430,15834],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,87433,84462],{}," compares strings by length.",[415,87436,6180,87438,2360,87440,2863],{"id":87437},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,87439,85208],{},[15,87441,75399],{},[20,87443,87444,87446,87447,87449],{},[15,87445,85208],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,87448,75399],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[46,87451,2870],{"id":2869},[33,87453,87454,87460,87466,87472,87476,87480],{},[36,87455,87456],{},[551,87457,87458,1579],{"href":87236},[15,87459,83554],{},[36,87461,87462],{},[551,87463,87464,1579],{"href":75496},[15,87465,75399],{},[36,87467,87468],{},[551,87469,87470,1579],{"href":43343},[15,87471,43346],{},[36,87473,87474],{},[551,87475,80846],{"href":79350},[36,87477,87478],{},[551,87479,59936],{"href":59935},[36,87481,87482],{},[551,87483,66814],{"href":73853},[2912,87485,87486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":87488},[87489,87490,87492,87498,87500,87502,87507,87509,87515,87517,87518,87529],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":85692,"depth":111,"text":87491},"What min() does",{"id":85713,"depth":111,"text":85714,"children":87493},[87494,87495,87496,87497],{"id":85798,"depth":139,"text":85801},{"id":85860,"depth":139,"text":85863},{"id":85910,"depth":139,"text":85913},{"id":86004,"depth":139,"text":86007},{"id":86066,"depth":111,"text":87499},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":86201,"depth":111,"text":87501},"Using min() with strings",{"id":86348,"depth":111,"text":87503,"children":87504},"Using min() with a key function",[87505,87506],{"id":86376,"depth":139,"text":86377},{"id":86451,"depth":139,"text":86452},{"id":86673,"depth":111,"text":87508},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":11740,"depth":111,"text":11741,"children":87510},[87511,87513,87514],{"id":86815,"depth":139,"text":87512},"Empty list without default",{"id":86905,"depth":139,"text":86906},{"id":87058,"depth":139,"text":87059},{"id":87205,"depth":111,"text":87516},"When to use min()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":87519},[87520,87522,87524,87525,87527],{"id":87395,"depth":139,"text":87521},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":87403,"depth":139,"text":87523},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":72620,"depth":139,"text":72621},{"id":87421,"depth":139,"text":87526},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":87437,"depth":139,"text":87528},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":85575,"description":87530},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":87537,"title":87538,"body":87539,"description":89718,"extension":2980,"meta":89719,"navigation":304,"path":89720,"seo":89721,"stem":89722,"__hash__":89723},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":87540,"toc":89682},[87541,87544,87550,87556,87558,87639,87648,87652,87657,87659,87704,87706,87786,87792,87794,87797,87829,87831,87849,87851,87924,87926,87945,87949,87952,87988,87990,88057,88131,88204,88209,88213,88219,88222,88239,88242,88244,88305,88307,88327,88333,88337,88340,88410,88413,88432,88437,88513,88516,88520,88526,88530,88535,88605,88609,88614,88688,88692,88695,88770,88781,88785,88790,88880,88885,88953,88956,88975,88986,88990,88993,88998,89001,89063,89066,89077,89082,89085,89088,89093,89096,89099,89103,89106,89112,89115,89126,89128,89190,89205,89211,89214,89217,89228,89239,89245,89248,89250,89312,89322,89328,89333,89339,89343,89349,89352,89373,89375,89380,89407,89410,89437,89440,89479,89482,89520,89523,89584,89587,89589,89593,89596,89600,89606,89614,89622,89626,89629,89633,89639,89641,89679],[10,87542,87538],{"id":87543},"python-open-function-explained",[20,87545,87546,87549],{},[15,87547,87548],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,87551,87552,87553,87555],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,87554,87548],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[46,87557,3022],{"id":3021},[51,87559,87561],{"className":53,"code":87560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,87562,87563,87612,87628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87564,87565,87568,87571,87573,87575,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87593,87595,87597,87600,87602,87604,87606,87610],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87566,87567],{"class":2665},"with",[60,87569,87570],{"class":142}," open",[60,87572,130],{"class":74},[60,87574,79],{"class":78},[60,87576,87577],{"class":82},"example.txt",[60,87579,79],{"class":78},[60,87581,88],{"class":74},[60,87583,91],{"class":78},[60,87585,61484],{"class":82},[60,87587,79],{"class":78},[60,87589,88],{"class":74},[60,87591,87592],{"class":10173}," encoding",[60,87594,71],{"class":70},[60,87596,79],{"class":78},[60,87598,87599],{"class":82},"utf-8",[60,87601,79],{"class":78},[60,87603,2662],{"class":74},[60,87605,48340],{"class":2665},[60,87607,87609],{"class":87608},"sMMDD"," file",[60,87611,7392],{"class":74},[60,87613,87614,87617,87619,87621,87623,87626],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87615,87616],{"class":66},"    content ",[60,87618,71],{"class":70},[60,87620,87609],{"class":87608},[60,87622,123],{"class":74},[60,87624,87625],{"class":126},"read",[60,87627,9640],{"class":74},[60,87629,87630,87632,87634,87637],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,87631,9064],{"class":142},[60,87633,130],{"class":74},[60,87635,87636],{"class":126},"content",[60,87638,136],{"class":74},[20,87640,171,87641,87643,87644,87647],{},[15,87642,87567],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,87645,87646],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[46,87649,87651],{"id":87650},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,87653,87654,87656],{},[15,87655,87548],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,87658,189],{},[33,87660,87661,87664,87669,87674],{},[36,87662,87663],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[36,87665,41892,87666,87668],{},[4753,87667,5632],{}," read or write anything by itself",[36,87670,18416,87671],{},[4753,87672,87673],{},"file object",[36,87675,87676,87677],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[33,87678,87679,87684,87689,87694,87699],{},[36,87680,87681],{},[15,87682,87683],{},"read()",[36,87685,87686],{},[15,87687,87688],{},"readline()",[36,87690,87691],{},[15,87692,87693],{},"readlines()",[36,87695,87696],{},[15,87697,87698],{},"write()",[36,87700,87701],{},[15,87702,87703],{},"close()",[20,87705,236],{},[51,87707,87709],{"className":53,"code":87708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,87710,87711,87750,87765,87775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87712,87713,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87714,87715],{"class":87608},"file",[60,87717,14268],{"class":70},[60,87719,87570],{"class":142},[60,87721,130],{"class":74},[60,87723,79],{"class":78},[60,87725,87577],{"class":82},[60,87727,79],{"class":78},[60,87729,88],{"class":74},[60,87731,91],{"class":78},[60,87733,61484],{"class":82},[60,87735,79],{"class":78},[60,87737,88],{"class":74},[60,87739,87592],{"class":10173},[60,87741,71],{"class":70},[60,87743,79],{"class":78},[60,87745,87599],{"class":82},[60,87747,79],{"class":78},[60,87749,136],{"class":74},[60,87751,87752,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87753,87754],{"class":66},"content ",[60,87756,71],{"class":70},[60,87758,87609],{"class":87608},[60,87760,123],{"class":74},[60,87762,87625],{"class":126},[60,87764,9640],{"class":74},[60,87766,87767,87769,87771,87773],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,87768,143],{"class":142},[60,87770,130],{"class":74},[60,87772,87636],{"class":126},[60,87774,136],{"class":74},[60,87776,87777,87779,87781,87784],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,87778,87715],{"class":87608},[60,87780,123],{"class":74},[60,87782,87783],{"class":126},"close",[60,87785,9640],{"class":74},[20,87787,87788,87789,87791],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,87790,87567],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[46,87793,389],{"id":388},[20,87795,87796],{},"A common form is:",[51,87798,87800],{"className":53,"code":87799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87801,87802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87803,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87805,43412],{"class":142},[60,87807,130],{"class":74},[60,87809,87715],{"class":87608},[60,87811,88],{"class":74},[60,87813,87814],{"class":126}," mode",[60,87816,88],{"class":74},[60,87818,87592],{"class":10173},[60,87820,71],{"class":70},[60,87822,79],{"class":78},[60,87824,87599],{"class":82},[60,87826,79],{"class":78},[60,87828,136],{"class":74},[20,87830,66020],{},[33,87832,87833,87838,87843],{},[36,87834,87835,87837],{},[15,87836,87715],{}," is the file name or file path",[36,87839,87840,87842],{},[15,87841,21913],{}," controls how the file is opened",[36,87844,87845,87848],{},[15,87846,87847],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87850,236],{},[51,87852,87854],{"className":53,"code":87853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87855,87856,87899,87914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87857,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87859,87567],{"class":2665},[60,87861,87570],{"class":142},[60,87863,130],{"class":74},[60,87865,79],{"class":78},[60,87867,87868],{"class":82},"notes.txt",[60,87870,79],{"class":78},[60,87872,88],{"class":74},[60,87874,91],{"class":78},[60,87876,61484],{"class":82},[60,87878,79],{"class":78},[60,87880,88],{"class":74},[60,87882,87592],{"class":10173},[60,87884,71],{"class":70},[60,87886,79],{"class":78},[60,87888,87599],{"class":82},[60,87890,79],{"class":78},[60,87892,2662],{"class":74},[60,87894,48340],{"class":2665},[60,87896,87609],{"class":87608},[60,87898,7392],{"class":74},[60,87900,87901,87904,87906,87908,87910,87912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,87902,87903],{"class":66},"    text ",[60,87905,71],{"class":70},[60,87907,87609],{"class":87608},[60,87909,123],{"class":74},[60,87911,87625],{"class":126},[60,87913,9640],{"class":74},[60,87915,87916,87918,87920,87922],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,87917,9064],{"class":142},[60,87919,130],{"class":74},[60,87921,35702],{"class":126},[60,87923,136],{"class":74},[20,87925,20951],{},[33,87927,87928,87934,87939],{},[36,87929,87930,87933],{},[15,87931,87932],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[36,87935,87936,87938],{},[15,87937,87646],{}," means open for reading",[36,87940,87941,87944],{},[15,87942,87943],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[46,87946,87948],{"id":87947},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87950,87951],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[33,87953,87954,87959,87965,87970,87976,87982],{},[36,87955,87956,87958],{},[15,87957,87646],{}," = read a text file",[36,87960,87961,87964],{},[15,87962,87963],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[36,87966,87967,87969],{},[15,87968,19089],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[36,87971,87972,87975],{},[15,87973,87974],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[36,87977,87978,87981],{},[15,87979,87980],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[36,87983,87984,87987],{},[15,87985,87986],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87989,3143],{},[51,87991,87993],{"className":53,"code":87992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87994,87995,88000,88043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,87996,87997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,87998,87999],{"class":4674},"# Read a text file\n",[60,88001,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023,88025,88027,88029,88031,88033,88035,88037,88039,88041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88003,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88005,87570],{"class":142},[60,88007,130],{"class":74},[60,88009,79],{"class":78},[60,88011,88012],{"class":82},"data.txt",[60,88014,79],{"class":78},[60,88016,88],{"class":74},[60,88018,91],{"class":78},[60,88020,61484],{"class":82},[60,88022,79],{"class":78},[60,88024,88],{"class":74},[60,88026,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88028,71],{"class":70},[60,88030,79],{"class":78},[60,88032,87599],{"class":82},[60,88034,79],{"class":78},[60,88036,2662],{"class":74},[60,88038,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88040,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88042,7392],{"class":74},[60,88044,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88046,9064],{"class":142},[60,88048,130],{"class":74},[60,88050,87715],{"class":87608},[60,88052,123],{"class":74},[60,88054,87625],{"class":126},[60,88056,8193],{"class":74},[51,88058,88060],{"className":53,"code":88059,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,88061,88062,88067,88109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88063,88064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88065,88066],{"class":4674},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[60,88068,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88070,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88072,87570],{"class":142},[60,88074,130],{"class":74},[60,88076,79],{"class":78},[60,88078,88012],{"class":82},[60,88080,79],{"class":78},[60,88082,88],{"class":74},[60,88084,91],{"class":78},[60,88086,61467],{"class":82},[60,88088,79],{"class":78},[60,88090,88],{"class":74},[60,88092,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88094,71],{"class":70},[60,88096,79],{"class":78},[60,88098,87599],{"class":82},[60,88100,79],{"class":78},[60,88102,2662],{"class":74},[60,88104,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88106,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88108,7392],{"class":74},[60,88110,88111,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88127,88129],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88112,88113],{"class":87608},"    file",[60,88115,123],{"class":74},[60,88117,71170],{"class":126},[60,88119,130],{"class":74},[60,88121,79],{"class":78},[60,88123,2386],{"class":82},[60,88125,88126],{"class":1313},"\\n",[60,88128,79],{"class":78},[60,88130,136],{"class":74},[51,88132,88134],{"className":53,"code":88133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,88135,88136,88141,88183],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88137,88138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88139,88140],{"class":4674},"# Append to a text file\n",[60,88142,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88144,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88146,87570],{"class":142},[60,88148,130],{"class":74},[60,88150,79],{"class":78},[60,88152,88012],{"class":82},[60,88154,79],{"class":78},[60,88156,88],{"class":74},[60,88158,91],{"class":78},[60,88160,551],{"class":82},[60,88162,79],{"class":78},[60,88164,88],{"class":74},[60,88166,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88168,71],{"class":70},[60,88170,79],{"class":78},[60,88172,87599],{"class":82},[60,88174,79],{"class":78},[60,88176,2662],{"class":74},[60,88178,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88180,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88182,7392],{"class":74},[60,88184,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88198,88200,88202],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88186,88113],{"class":87608},[60,88188,123],{"class":74},[60,88190,71170],{"class":126},[60,88192,130],{"class":74},[60,88194,79],{"class":78},[60,88196,88197],{"class":82},"Another line",[60,88199,88126],{"class":1313},[60,88201,79],{"class":78},[60,88203,136],{"class":74},[20,88205,70322,88206,88208],{},[15,88207,87963],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[46,88210,88212],{"id":88211},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,88214,88215,22970,88217,123],{},[15,88216,87548],{},[4753,88218,87673],{},[20,88220,88221],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[33,88223,88224,88229,88234],{},[36,88225,88226],{},[15,88227,88228],{},"file.read()",[36,88230,88231],{},[15,88232,88233],{},"file.write()",[36,88235,88236],{},[15,88237,88238],{},"file.close()",[20,88240,88241],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,88243,236],{},[51,88245,88247],{"className":53,"code":88246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,88248,88249,88291],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88250,88251,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88252,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88254,87570],{"class":142},[60,88256,130],{"class":74},[60,88258,79],{"class":78},[60,88260,87577],{"class":82},[60,88262,79],{"class":78},[60,88264,88],{"class":74},[60,88266,91],{"class":78},[60,88268,61484],{"class":82},[60,88270,79],{"class":78},[60,88272,88],{"class":74},[60,88274,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88276,71],{"class":70},[60,88278,79],{"class":78},[60,88280,87599],{"class":82},[60,88282,79],{"class":78},[60,88284,2662],{"class":74},[60,88286,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88288,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88290,7392],{"class":74},[60,88292,88293,88295,88297,88299,88301,88303],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88294,9064],{"class":142},[60,88296,130],{"class":74},[60,88298,2629],{"class":1527},[60,88300,130],{"class":74},[60,88302,87715],{"class":87608},[60,88304,1042],{"class":74},[20,88306,31023],{},[51,88308,88310],{"className":53,"code":88309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,88311,88312],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88313,88314,88316,88318,88320,88323,88325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88315,4304],{"class":70},[60,88317,4307],{"class":3082},[60,88319,365],{"class":78},[60,88321,88322],{"class":82},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[60,88324,356],{"class":78},[60,88326,4316],{"class":70},[20,88328,88329,88330,88332],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,88331,87548],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[46,88334,88336],{"id":88335},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,88338,88339],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[51,88341,88342],{"className":53,"code":87560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,88343,88344,88386,88400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88345,88346,88348,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380,88382,88384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88347,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88349,87570],{"class":142},[60,88351,130],{"class":74},[60,88353,79],{"class":78},[60,88355,87577],{"class":82},[60,88357,79],{"class":78},[60,88359,88],{"class":74},[60,88361,91],{"class":78},[60,88363,61484],{"class":82},[60,88365,79],{"class":78},[60,88367,88],{"class":74},[60,88369,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88371,71],{"class":70},[60,88373,79],{"class":78},[60,88375,87599],{"class":82},[60,88377,79],{"class":78},[60,88379,2662],{"class":74},[60,88381,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88383,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88385,7392],{"class":74},[60,88387,88388,88390,88392,88394,88396,88398],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88389,87616],{"class":66},[60,88391,71],{"class":70},[60,88393,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88395,123],{"class":74},[60,88397,87625],{"class":126},[60,88399,9640],{"class":74},[60,88401,88402,88404,88406,88408],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88403,9064],{"class":142},[60,88405,130],{"class":74},[60,88407,87636],{"class":126},[60,88409,136],{"class":74},[20,88411,88412],{},"Why this is recommended:",[33,88414,88415,88420,88426,88429],{},[36,88416,88417,88419],{},[15,88418,87567],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[36,88421,88422,88423,88425],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,88424,87703],{}," yourself",[36,88427,88428],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[36,88430,88431],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,88433,84725,88434,88436],{},[15,88435,87567],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[51,88438,88439],{"className":53,"code":87708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,88440,88441,88479,88493,88503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88442,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471,88473,88475,88477],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88444,87715],{"class":87608},[60,88446,14268],{"class":70},[60,88448,87570],{"class":142},[60,88450,130],{"class":74},[60,88452,79],{"class":78},[60,88454,87577],{"class":82},[60,88456,79],{"class":78},[60,88458,88],{"class":74},[60,88460,91],{"class":78},[60,88462,61484],{"class":82},[60,88464,79],{"class":78},[60,88466,88],{"class":74},[60,88468,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88470,71],{"class":70},[60,88472,79],{"class":78},[60,88474,87599],{"class":82},[60,88476,79],{"class":78},[60,88478,136],{"class":74},[60,88480,88481,88483,88485,88487,88489,88491],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88482,87754],{"class":66},[60,88484,71],{"class":70},[60,88486,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88488,123],{"class":74},[60,88490,87625],{"class":126},[60,88492,9640],{"class":74},[60,88494,88495,88497,88499,88501],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88496,143],{"class":142},[60,88498,130],{"class":74},[60,88500,87636],{"class":126},[60,88502,136],{"class":74},[60,88504,88505,88507,88509,88511],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,88506,87715],{"class":87608},[60,88508,123],{"class":74},[60,88510,87783],{"class":126},[60,88512,9640],{"class":74},[20,88514,88515],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[46,88517,88519],{"id":88518},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,88521,88522,88523,88525],{},"Use mode ",[15,88524,87646],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[415,88527,88529],{"id":88528},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,88531,88532,88534],{},[15,88533,87683],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[51,88536,88537],{"className":53,"code":87560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,88538,88539,88581,88595],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88540,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575,88577,88579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88542,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88544,87570],{"class":142},[60,88546,130],{"class":74},[60,88548,79],{"class":78},[60,88550,87577],{"class":82},[60,88552,79],{"class":78},[60,88554,88],{"class":74},[60,88556,91],{"class":78},[60,88558,61484],{"class":82},[60,88560,79],{"class":78},[60,88562,88],{"class":74},[60,88564,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88566,71],{"class":70},[60,88568,79],{"class":78},[60,88570,87599],{"class":82},[60,88572,79],{"class":78},[60,88574,2662],{"class":74},[60,88576,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88578,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88580,7392],{"class":74},[60,88582,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88584,87616],{"class":66},[60,88586,71],{"class":70},[60,88588,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88590,123],{"class":74},[60,88592,87625],{"class":126},[60,88594,9640],{"class":74},[60,88596,88597,88599,88601,88603],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88598,9064],{"class":142},[60,88600,130],{"class":74},[60,88602,87636],{"class":126},[60,88604,136],{"class":74},[415,88606,88608],{"id":88607},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,88610,88611,88613],{},[15,88612,87688],{}," reads one line at a time.",[51,88615,88617],{"className":53,"code":88616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,88618,88619,88661,88677],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88620,88621,88623,88625,88627,88629,88631,88633,88635,88637,88639,88641,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88622,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88624,87570],{"class":142},[60,88626,130],{"class":74},[60,88628,79],{"class":78},[60,88630,87577],{"class":82},[60,88632,79],{"class":78},[60,88634,88],{"class":74},[60,88636,91],{"class":78},[60,88638,61484],{"class":82},[60,88640,79],{"class":78},[60,88642,88],{"class":74},[60,88644,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88646,71],{"class":70},[60,88648,79],{"class":78},[60,88650,87599],{"class":82},[60,88652,79],{"class":78},[60,88654,2662],{"class":74},[60,88656,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88658,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88660,7392],{"class":74},[60,88662,88663,88666,88668,88670,88672,88675],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88664,88665],{"class":66},"    first_line ",[60,88667,71],{"class":70},[60,88669,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88671,123],{"class":74},[60,88673,88674],{"class":126},"readline",[60,88676,9640],{"class":74},[60,88678,88679,88681,88683,88686],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88680,9064],{"class":142},[60,88682,130],{"class":74},[60,88684,88685],{"class":126},"first_line",[60,88687,136],{"class":74},[415,88689,88691],{"id":88690},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,88693,88694],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[51,88696,88698],{"className":53,"code":88697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,88699,88700,88742,88756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88701,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710,88712,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724,88726,88728,88730,88732,88734,88736,88738,88740],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88703,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88705,87570],{"class":142},[60,88707,130],{"class":74},[60,88709,79],{"class":78},[60,88711,87577],{"class":82},[60,88713,79],{"class":78},[60,88715,88],{"class":74},[60,88717,91],{"class":78},[60,88719,61484],{"class":82},[60,88721,79],{"class":78},[60,88723,88],{"class":74},[60,88725,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88727,71],{"class":70},[60,88729,79],{"class":78},[60,88731,87599],{"class":82},[60,88733,79],{"class":78},[60,88735,2662],{"class":74},[60,88737,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88739,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88741,7392],{"class":74},[60,88743,88744,88747,88750,88752,88754],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88745,88746],{"class":2665},"    for",[60,88748,88749],{"class":66}," line ",[60,88751,2672],{"class":2665},[60,88753,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88755,7392],{"class":74},[60,88757,88758,88760,88762,88764,88766,88768],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88759,48320],{"class":142},[60,88761,130],{"class":74},[60,88763,62],{"class":126},[60,88765,123],{"class":74},[60,88767,9631],{"class":126},[60,88769,8193],{"class":74},[20,88771,88772,88773,3894,88777,123],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[551,88774,88776],{"href":88775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[551,88778,88780],{"href":88779},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[46,88782,88784],{"id":88783},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,88786,171,88787,88789],{},[15,88788,87963],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[51,88791,88793],{"className":53,"code":88792,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,88794,88795,88838,88859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88796,88797,88799,88801,88803,88805,88808,88810,88812,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824,88826,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88798,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88800,87570],{"class":142},[60,88802,130],{"class":74},[60,88804,79],{"class":78},[60,88806,88807],{"class":82},"output.txt",[60,88809,79],{"class":78},[60,88811,88],{"class":74},[60,88813,91],{"class":78},[60,88815,61467],{"class":82},[60,88817,79],{"class":78},[60,88819,88],{"class":74},[60,88821,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88823,71],{"class":70},[60,88825,79],{"class":78},[60,88827,87599],{"class":82},[60,88829,79],{"class":78},[60,88831,2662],{"class":74},[60,88833,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88835,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88837,7392],{"class":74},[60,88839,88840,88842,88844,88846,88848,88850,88853,88855,88857],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88841,88113],{"class":87608},[60,88843,123],{"class":74},[60,88845,71170],{"class":126},[60,88847,130],{"class":74},[60,88849,79],{"class":78},[60,88851,88852],{"class":82},"First line",[60,88854,88126],{"class":1313},[60,88856,79],{"class":78},[60,88858,136],{"class":74},[60,88860,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871,88874,88876,88878],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,88862,88113],{"class":87608},[60,88864,123],{"class":74},[60,88866,71170],{"class":126},[60,88868,130],{"class":74},[60,88870,79],{"class":78},[60,88872,88873],{"class":82},"Second line",[60,88875,88126],{"class":1313},[60,88877,79],{"class":78},[60,88879,136],{"class":74},[20,88881,171,88882,88884],{},[15,88883,19089],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[51,88886,88888],{"className":53,"code":88887,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88889,88890,88932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,88891,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918,88920,88922,88924,88926,88928,88930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,88893,87567],{"class":2665},[60,88895,87570],{"class":142},[60,88897,130],{"class":74},[60,88899,79],{"class":78},[60,88901,88807],{"class":82},[60,88903,79],{"class":78},[60,88905,88],{"class":74},[60,88907,91],{"class":78},[60,88909,551],{"class":82},[60,88911,79],{"class":78},[60,88913,88],{"class":74},[60,88915,87592],{"class":10173},[60,88917,71],{"class":70},[60,88919,79],{"class":78},[60,88921,87599],{"class":82},[60,88923,79],{"class":78},[60,88925,2662],{"class":74},[60,88927,48340],{"class":2665},[60,88929,87609],{"class":87608},[60,88931,7392],{"class":74},[60,88933,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88947,88949,88951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,88935,88113],{"class":87608},[60,88937,123],{"class":74},[60,88939,71170],{"class":126},[60,88941,130],{"class":74},[60,88943,79],{"class":78},[60,88945,88946],{"class":82},"Third line",[60,88948,88126],{"class":1313},[60,88950,79],{"class":78},[60,88952,136],{"class":74},[20,88954,88955],{},"Important detail:",[33,88957,88958,88963,88970],{},[36,88959,88960,88962],{},[15,88961,87698],{}," writes a string",[36,88964,88965,15046,88967,88969],{},[15,88966,87698],{},[4753,88968,5632],{}," add a newline for you",[36,88971,88972,88973,88425],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88974,88126],{},[20,88976,88977,88978,3894,88982,123],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[551,88979,88981],{"href":88980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[551,88983,88985],{"href":88984},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[46,88987,88989],{"id":88988},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88991,88992],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[415,88994,88996],{"id":88995},"encodingutf-8",[15,88997,87943],{},[20,88999,89000],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[51,89002,89004],{"className":53,"code":89003,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89005,89006,89049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89007,89008,89010,89012,89014,89016,89019,89021,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031,89033,89035,89037,89039,89041,89043,89045,89047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89009,87567],{"class":2665},[60,89011,87570],{"class":142},[60,89013,130],{"class":74},[60,89015,79],{"class":78},[60,89017,89018],{"class":82},"message.txt",[60,89020,79],{"class":78},[60,89022,88],{"class":74},[60,89024,91],{"class":78},[60,89026,61484],{"class":82},[60,89028,79],{"class":78},[60,89030,88],{"class":74},[60,89032,87592],{"class":10173},[60,89034,71],{"class":70},[60,89036,79],{"class":78},[60,89038,87599],{"class":82},[60,89040,79],{"class":78},[60,89042,2662],{"class":74},[60,89044,48340],{"class":2665},[60,89046,87609],{"class":87608},[60,89048,7392],{"class":74},[60,89050,89051,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89052,9064],{"class":142},[60,89054,130],{"class":74},[60,89056,87715],{"class":87608},[60,89058,123],{"class":74},[60,89060,87625],{"class":126},[60,89062,8193],{"class":74},[20,89064,89065],{},"Why it matters:",[33,89067,89068,89071,89074],{},[36,89069,89070],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[36,89072,89073],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[36,89075,89076],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[415,89078,89080],{"id":89079},"newline",[15,89081,89079],{},[20,89083,89084],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,89086,89087],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[415,89089,89091],{"id":89090},"buffering",[15,89092,89090],{},[20,89094,89095],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,89097,89098],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[46,89100,89102],{"id":89101},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,89104,89105],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[415,89107,89109],{"id":89108},"filenotfounderror",[15,89110,89111],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,89113,89114],{},"This happens when:",[33,89116,89117,89120,89123],{},[36,89118,89119],{},"the file does not exist",[36,89121,89122],{},"the path is wrong",[36,89124,89125],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,89127,236],{},[51,89129,89131],{"className":53,"code":89130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89132,89133,89176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89134,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168,89170,89172,89174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89136,87567],{"class":2665},[60,89138,87570],{"class":142},[60,89140,130],{"class":74},[60,89142,79],{"class":78},[60,89144,89145],{"class":82},"missing.txt",[60,89147,79],{"class":78},[60,89149,88],{"class":74},[60,89151,91],{"class":78},[60,89153,61484],{"class":82},[60,89155,79],{"class":78},[60,89157,88],{"class":74},[60,89159,87592],{"class":10173},[60,89161,71],{"class":70},[60,89163,79],{"class":78},[60,89165,87599],{"class":82},[60,89167,79],{"class":78},[60,89169,2662],{"class":74},[60,89171,48340],{"class":2665},[60,89173,87609],{"class":87608},[60,89175,7392],{"class":74},[60,89177,89178,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89179,9064],{"class":142},[60,89181,130],{"class":74},[60,89183,87715],{"class":87608},[60,89185,123],{"class":74},[60,89187,87625],{"class":126},[60,89189,8193],{"class":74},[20,89191,89192,89193,2360,89201,123],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[551,89194,89196,89197,89200],{"href":89195},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[60,89198,89199],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[551,89202,89204],{"href":89203},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[415,89206,89208],{"id":89207},"permissionerror",[15,89209,89210],{},"PermissionError",[20,89212,89213],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,89215,89216],{},"Example causes:",[33,89218,89219,89222,89225],{},[36,89220,89221],{},"the file is protected",[36,89223,89224],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[36,89226,89227],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,89229,89230,89231],{},"Related page: ",[551,89232,89234,89235,89238],{"href":89233},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[60,89236,89237],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[415,89240,89242],{"id":89241},"isadirectoryerror",[15,89243,89244],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,89246,89247],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,89249,236],{},[51,89251,89253],{"className":53,"code":89252,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89254,89255,89298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89256,89257,89259,89261,89263,89265,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89286,89288,89290,89292,89294,89296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89258,87567],{"class":2665},[60,89260,87570],{"class":142},[60,89262,130],{"class":74},[60,89264,79],{"class":78},[60,89266,89267],{"class":82},"my_folder",[60,89269,79],{"class":78},[60,89271,88],{"class":74},[60,89273,91],{"class":78},[60,89275,61484],{"class":82},[60,89277,79],{"class":78},[60,89279,88],{"class":74},[60,89281,87592],{"class":10173},[60,89283,71],{"class":70},[60,89285,79],{"class":78},[60,89287,87599],{"class":82},[60,89289,79],{"class":78},[60,89291,2662],{"class":74},[60,89293,48340],{"class":2665},[60,89295,87609],{"class":87608},[60,89297,7392],{"class":74},[60,89299,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89301,9064],{"class":142},[60,89303,130],{"class":74},[60,89305,87715],{"class":87608},[60,89307,123],{"class":74},[60,89309,87625],{"class":126},[60,89311,8193],{"class":74},[20,89313,89230,89314],{},[551,89315,89317,89318,89321],{"href":89316},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[60,89319,89320],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[415,89323,89325],{"id":89324},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,89326,89327],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,89329,89330,89331,123],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,89332,87548],{},[20,89334,89230,89335],{},[551,89336,89338],{"href":89337},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[46,89340,89342],{"id":89341},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,89344,89345,89346,89348],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,89347,87548],{}," function.",[20,89350,89351],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[33,89353,89354,89357,89360,89366],{},[36,89355,89356],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[36,89358,89359],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[36,89361,89362,89363,89365],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,89364,87548],{}," itself",[36,89367,89368,89369],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[551,89370,89372],{"href":89371},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[46,89374,3845],{"id":3844},[20,89376,89377,89378,3901],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,89379,87548],{},[33,89381,89382,89387,89393,89398,89401,89404],{},[36,89383,9413,89384,89386],{},[15,89385,87646],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[36,89388,89389,89390,89392],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,89391,87847],{}," for text files",[36,89394,9413,89395,89397],{},[15,89396,87963],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[36,89399,89400],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[36,89402,89403],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[36,89405,89406],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,89408,89409],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[51,89411,89413],{"className":53,"code":89412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,89414,89415,89422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89416,89417,89419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89418,36084],{"class":2665},[60,89420,89421],{"class":66}," os\n",[60,89423,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89435],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89425,143],{"class":142},[60,89427,130],{"class":74},[60,89429,43611],{"class":126},[60,89431,123],{"class":74},[60,89433,89434],{"class":126},"getcwd",[60,89436,8193],{"class":74},[20,89438,89439],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[51,89441,89443],{"className":53,"code":89442,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89444,89445,89451],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89446,89447,89449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89448,36084],{"class":2665},[60,89450,89421],{"class":66},[60,89452,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89464,89466,89469,89471,89473,89475,89477],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89454,143],{"class":142},[60,89456,130],{"class":74},[60,89458,43611],{"class":126},[60,89460,123],{"class":74},[60,89462,89463],{"class":25743},"path",[60,89465,123],{"class":74},[60,89467,89468],{"class":126},"exists",[60,89470,130],{"class":74},[60,89472,79],{"class":78},[60,89474,87577],{"class":82},[60,89476,79],{"class":78},[60,89478,1042],{"class":74},[20,89480,89481],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[51,89483,89485],{"className":53,"code":89484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,89486,89487,89493],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89488,89489,89491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89490,36084],{"class":2665},[60,89492,89421],{"class":66},[60,89494,89495,89497,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89496,143],{"class":142},[60,89498,130],{"class":74},[60,89500,43611],{"class":126},[60,89502,123],{"class":74},[60,89504,89463],{"class":25743},[60,89506,123],{"class":74},[60,89508,89509],{"class":126},"isfile",[60,89511,130],{"class":74},[60,89513,79],{"class":78},[60,89515,87577],{"class":82},[60,89517,79],{"class":78},[60,89519,1042],{"class":74},[20,89521,89522],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[51,89524,89526],{"className":53,"code":89525,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,89527,89528,89570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89529,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548,89550,89552,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562,89564,89566,89568],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89531,87567],{"class":2665},[60,89533,87570],{"class":142},[60,89535,130],{"class":74},[60,89537,79],{"class":78},[60,89539,87577],{"class":82},[60,89541,79],{"class":78},[60,89543,88],{"class":74},[60,89545,91],{"class":78},[60,89547,61484],{"class":82},[60,89549,79],{"class":78},[60,89551,88],{"class":74},[60,89553,87592],{"class":10173},[60,89555,71],{"class":70},[60,89557,79],{"class":78},[60,89559,87599],{"class":82},[60,89561,79],{"class":78},[60,89563,2662],{"class":74},[60,89565,48340],{"class":2665},[60,89567,87609],{"class":87608},[60,89569,7392],{"class":74},[60,89571,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89573,9064],{"class":142},[60,89575,130],{"class":74},[60,89577,87715],{"class":87608},[60,89579,123],{"class":74},[60,89581,87625],{"class":126},[60,89583,8193],{"class":74},[20,89585,89586],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[46,89588,2804],{"id":2803},[415,89590,89592],{"id":89591},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,89594,89595],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[415,89597,89599],{"id":89598},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,89601,89602,89603,89605],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,89604,87567],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[415,89607,6180,89609,2360,89611,89613],{"id":89608},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,89610,87963],{},[15,89612,19089],{}," mode?",[20,89615,89616,89618,89619,89621],{},[15,89617,87963],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,89620,19089],{}," adds new content to the end.",[415,89623,89625],{"id":89624},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,89627,89628],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[415,89630,89632],{"id":89631},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,89634,89635,89636,89638],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,89637,87943],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[46,89640,2870],{"id":2869},[33,89642,89643,89647,89651,89655,89659,89663,89667,89673],{},[36,89644,89645],{},[551,89646,88776],{"href":88775},[36,89648,89649],{},[551,89650,88981],{"href":88980},[36,89652,89653],{},[551,89654,88985],{"href":88984},[36,89656,89657],{},[551,89658,88780],{"href":88779},[36,89660,89661],{},[551,89662,89372],{"href":89371},[36,89664,89665],{},[551,89666,89204],{"href":89203},[36,89668,89669],{},[551,89670,89196,89671,89200],{"href":89195},[60,89672,89199],{},[36,89674,89675],{},[551,89676,89234,89677,89238],{"href":89233},[60,89678,89237],{},[2912,89680,89681],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":89683},[89684,89685,89686,89687,89688,89689,89690,89695,89696,89701,89707,89708,89709,89717],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":87650,"depth":111,"text":87651},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":87947,"depth":111,"text":87948},{"id":88211,"depth":111,"text":88212},{"id":88335,"depth":111,"text":88336},{"id":88518,"depth":111,"text":88519,"children":89691},[89692,89693,89694],{"id":88528,"depth":139,"text":88529},{"id":88607,"depth":139,"text":88608},{"id":88690,"depth":139,"text":88691},{"id":88783,"depth":111,"text":88784},{"id":88988,"depth":111,"text":88989,"children":89697},[89698,89699,89700],{"id":88995,"depth":139,"text":87943},{"id":89079,"depth":139,"text":89079},{"id":89090,"depth":139,"text":89090},{"id":89101,"depth":111,"text":89102,"children":89702},[89703,89704,89705,89706],{"id":89108,"depth":139,"text":89111},{"id":89207,"depth":139,"text":89210},{"id":89241,"depth":139,"text":89244},{"id":89324,"depth":139,"text":89327},{"id":89341,"depth":111,"text":89342},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":89710},[89711,89712,89713,89715,89716],{"id":89591,"depth":139,"text":89592},{"id":89598,"depth":139,"text":89599},{"id":89608,"depth":139,"text":89714},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":89624,"depth":139,"text":89625},{"id":89631,"depth":139,"text":89632},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":87538,"description":89718},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":89725,"title":89726,"body":89727,"description":91720,"extension":2980,"meta":91721,"navigation":304,"path":91722,"seo":91723,"stem":91724,"__hash__":91725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":89728,"toc":91667},[89729,89734,89739,89745,89747,89815,89817,89836,89841,89846,89851,89854,89866,89868,89911,89913,89931,89942,89944,89946,89971,89973,89984,89986,90046,90048,90074,90077,90081,90086,90090,90093,90127,90131,90134,90159,90163,90186,90190,90223,90228,90232,90237,90240,90308,90310,90334,90339,90342,90373,90375,90407,90424,90428,90433,90457,90464,90469,90474,90477,90481,90516,90518,90527,90531,90622,90624,90655,90660,90667,90672,90681,90684,90717,90719,90733,90737,90778,90780,90789,90793,90841,90843,90857,90862,90873,90880,90886,90888,90923,90925,90939,90942,90964,90970,90999,91010,91016,91022,91036,91038,91117,91119,91169,91176,91178,91183,91187,91190,91205,91210,91212,91231,91237,91240,91255,91257,91275,91281,91285,91315,91318,91341,91344,91371,91378,91384,91392,91415,91420,91428,91430,91450,91454,91460,91510,91513,91535,91537,91543,91551,91557,91563,91571,91576,91580,91583,91606,91611,91618,91630,91632,91664],[10,89730,163,89732,4591],{"id":89731},"python-print-function-explained",[15,89733,47434],{},[20,89735,33310,89736,89738],{},[15,89737,47434],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,89740,89741,89742,89744],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,89743,47434],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[46,89746,3022],{"id":3021},[51,89748,89750],{"className":53,"code":89749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,89751,89752,89764,89773,89777,89787,89797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89753,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89755,8872],{"class":66},[60,89757,71],{"class":70},[60,89759,91],{"class":78},[60,89761,1799],{"class":82},[60,89763,2389],{"class":78},[60,89765,89766,89768,89770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89767,22623],{"class":66},[60,89769,71],{"class":70},[60,89771,89772],{"class":1402}," 12\n",[60,89774,89775],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,89776,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,89778,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,89780,143],{"class":142},[60,89782,130],{"class":74},[60,89784,8666],{"class":126},[60,89786,136],{"class":74},[60,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,89790,143],{"class":142},[60,89792,130],{"class":74},[60,89794,10296],{"class":126},[60,89796,136],{"class":74},[60,89798,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809,89811,89813],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,89800,143],{"class":142},[60,89802,130],{"class":74},[60,89804,79],{"class":78},[60,89806,2386],{"class":82},[60,89808,79],{"class":78},[60,89810,88],{"class":74},[60,89812,36982],{"class":126},[60,89814,136],{"class":74},[20,89816,153],{},[51,89818,89820],{"className":53,"code":89819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,89821,89822,89827,89831],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89823,89824],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89825,89826],{"class":66},"Mia\n",[60,89828,89829],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89830,3241],{"class":1402},[60,89832,89833],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,89834,89835],{"class":66},"Hello Mia\n",[20,89837,171,89838,89840],{},[15,89839,47434],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[46,89842,178,89844,181],{"id":89843},"what-print-does",[15,89845,47434],{},[20,89847,89848,89850],{},[15,89849,47434],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89852,89853],{},"You can use it to display:",[33,89855,89856,89858,89860,89863],{},[36,89857,35702],{},[36,89859,4659],{},[36,89861,89862],{},"variables",[36,89864,89865],{},"expressions",[20,89867,236],{},[51,89869,89871],{"className":53,"code":89870,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89872,89873,89887,89897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89874,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89876,143],{"class":142},[60,89878,130],{"class":74},[60,89880,79],{"class":78},[60,89882,2386],{"class":82},[60,89884,79],{"class":78},[60,89886,136],{"class":74},[60,89888,89889,89891,89893,89895],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89890,143],{"class":142},[60,89892,130],{"class":74},[60,89894,3154],{"class":1402},[60,89896,136],{"class":74},[60,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,89900,143],{"class":142},[60,89902,130],{"class":74},[60,89904,1925],{"class":1402},[60,89906,2421],{"class":70},[60,89908,1442],{"class":1402},[60,89910,136],{"class":74},[20,89912,153],{},[51,89914,89916],{"className":53,"code":89915,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89917,89918,89923,89927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89919,89920],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89921,89922],{"class":66},"Hello\n",[60,89924,89925],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,89926,3963],{"class":1402},[60,89928,89929],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,89930,3963],{"class":1402},[20,89932,89933,89934,89936,89937,89941],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89935,47434],{}," ",[4753,89938,4702,89939],{},[15,89940,1585],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[46,89943,389],{"id":388},[20,89945,31717],{},[51,89947,89949],{"className":53,"code":89948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89950,89951],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89952,89953,89955,89957,89960,89962,89965,89967,89969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89954,143],{"class":142},[60,89956,130],{"class":74},[60,89958,89959],{"class":126},"object1",[60,89961,88],{"class":74},[60,89963,89964],{"class":126}," object2",[60,89966,88],{"class":74},[60,89968,35447],{"class":142},[60,89970,136],{"class":74},[20,89972,81176],{},[33,89974,89975,89978,89981],{},[36,89976,89977],{},"one value",[36,89979,89980],{},"many values",[36,89982,89983],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89985,236],{},[51,89987,89989],{"className":53,"code":89988,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89990,89991,90005,90024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,89992,89993,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,89994,143],{"class":142},[60,89996,130],{"class":74},[60,89998,79],{"class":78},[60,90000,58748],{"class":82},[60,90002,79],{"class":78},[60,90004,136],{"class":74},[60,90006,90007,90009,90011,90013,90016,90018,90020,90022],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90008,143],{"class":142},[60,90010,130],{"class":74},[60,90012,79],{"class":78},[60,90014,90015],{"class":82},"Score:",[60,90017,79],{"class":78},[60,90019,88],{"class":74},[60,90021,7005],{"class":1402},[60,90023,136],{"class":74},[60,90025,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040,90042,90044],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,90027,143],{"class":142},[60,90029,130],{"class":74},[60,90031,79],{"class":78},[60,90033,46545],{"class":82},[60,90035,79],{"class":78},[60,90037,88],{"class":74},[60,90039,3471],{"class":1402},[60,90041,2421],{"class":70},[60,90043,38631],{"class":1402},[60,90045,136],{"class":74},[20,90047,153],{},[51,90049,90051],{"className":53,"code":90050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,90052,90053,90057,90066],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90054,90055],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90056,86329],{"class":66},[60,90058,90059,90062,90064],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90060,90061],{"class":66},"Score",[60,90063,3901],{"class":74},[60,90065,3601],{"class":1402},[60,90067,90068,90070,90072],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,90069,46585],{"class":66},[60,90071,3901],{"class":74},[60,90073,3601],{"class":1402},[20,90075,90076],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[46,90078,90080],{"id":90079},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,90082,90083,90084,123],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,90085,47434],{},[415,90087,90089],{"id":90088},"print-text","Print text",[20,90091,90092],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[51,90094,90096],{"className":53,"code":90095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,90097,90098,90112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90099,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108,90110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90101,143],{"class":142},[60,90103,130],{"class":74},[60,90105,79],{"class":78},[60,90107,2386],{"class":82},[60,90109,79],{"class":78},[60,90111,136],{"class":74},[60,90113,90114,90116,90118,90120,90123,90125],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90115,143],{"class":142},[60,90117,130],{"class":74},[60,90119,79],{"class":78},[60,90121,90122],{"class":82},"Python is fun",[60,90124,79],{"class":78},[60,90126,136],{"class":74},[415,90128,90130],{"id":90129},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,90132,90133],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[51,90135,90137],{"className":53,"code":90136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,90138,90139,90149],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90140,90141,90143,90145,90147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90142,143],{"class":142},[60,90144,130],{"class":74},[60,90146,3154],{"class":1402},[60,90148,136],{"class":74},[60,90150,90151,90153,90155,90157],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90152,143],{"class":142},[60,90154,130],{"class":74},[60,90156,41129],{"class":1402},[60,90158,136],{"class":74},[415,90160,90162],{"id":90161},"print-variables","Print variables",[51,90164,90166],{"className":53,"code":90165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,90167,90168,90176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90169,90170,90172,90174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90171,6096],{"class":66},[60,90173,71],{"class":70},[60,90175,15123],{"class":1402},[60,90177,90178,90180,90182,90184],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90179,143],{"class":142},[60,90181,130],{"class":74},[60,90183,86493],{"class":126},[60,90185,136],{"class":74},[415,90187,90189],{"id":90188},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[51,90191,90193],{"className":53,"code":90192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,90194,90195,90209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90196,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90198,143],{"class":142},[60,90200,130],{"class":74},[60,90202,1925],{"class":1402},[60,90204,2421],{"class":70},[60,90206,1442],{"class":1402},[60,90208,136],{"class":74},[60,90210,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90212,143],{"class":142},[60,90214,130],{"class":74},[60,90216,1345],{"class":1402},[60,90218,83805],{"class":70},[60,90220,3471],{"class":1402},[60,90222,136],{"class":74},[20,90224,90225,90226,123],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[551,90227,51955],{"href":553},[46,90229,90231],{"id":90230},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,90233,90234,90236],{},[15,90235,47434],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,90238,90239],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[51,90241,90243],{"className":53,"code":90242,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90244,90245,90258,90266,90270,90289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90246,90247,90249,90251,90253,90256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90248,8872],{"class":66},[60,90250,71],{"class":70},[60,90252,91],{"class":78},[60,90254,90255],{"class":82},"Ava",[60,90257,2389],{"class":78},[60,90259,90260,90262,90264],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90261,22623],{"class":66},[60,90263,71],{"class":70},[60,90265,3601],{"class":1402},[60,90267,90268],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,90269,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,90271,90272,90274,90276,90278,90281,90283,90285,90287],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,90273,143],{"class":142},[60,90275,130],{"class":74},[60,90277,79],{"class":78},[60,90279,90280],{"class":82},"Name:",[60,90282,79],{"class":78},[60,90284,88],{"class":74},[60,90286,36982],{"class":126},[60,90288,136],{"class":74},[60,90290,90291,90293,90295,90297,90300,90302,90304,90306],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,90292,143],{"class":142},[60,90294,130],{"class":74},[60,90296,79],{"class":78},[60,90298,90299],{"class":82},"Age:",[60,90301,79],{"class":78},[60,90303,88],{"class":74},[60,90305,10186],{"class":126},[60,90307,136],{"class":74},[20,90309,153],{},[51,90311,90313],{"className":53,"code":90312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,90314,90315,90325],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90316,90317,90320,90322],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90318,90319],{"class":66},"Name",[60,90321,3901],{"class":74},[60,90323,90324],{"class":66}," Ava\n",[60,90326,90327,90330,90332],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90328,90329],{"class":66},"Age",[60,90331,3901],{"class":74},[60,90333,3601],{"class":1402},[20,90335,90336,90337,123],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,90338,2354],{},[20,90340,90341],{},"For example, this works:",[51,90343,90345],{"className":53,"code":90344,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90346,90347,90355],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90348,90349,90351,90353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90350,22623],{"class":66},[60,90352,71],{"class":70},[60,90354,3601],{"class":1402},[60,90356,90357,90359,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369,90371],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90358,143],{"class":142},[60,90360,130],{"class":74},[60,90362,79],{"class":78},[60,90364,90299],{"class":82},[60,90366,79],{"class":78},[60,90368,88],{"class":74},[60,90370,10186],{"class":126},[60,90372,136],{"class":74},[20,90374,37914],{},[51,90376,90378],{"className":53,"code":90377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,90379,90380,90388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90381,90382,90384,90386],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90383,22623],{"class":66},[60,90385,71],{"class":70},[60,90387,3601],{"class":1402},[60,90389,90390,90392,90394,90396,90399,90401,90403,90405],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90391,143],{"class":142},[60,90393,130],{"class":74},[60,90395,79],{"class":78},[60,90397,90398],{"class":82},"Age: ",[60,90400,79],{"class":78},[60,90402,2421],{"class":70},[60,90404,10186],{"class":126},[60,90406,136],{"class":74},[20,90408,90409,90410,90413,90414,90416,90417,90419,90420,123],{},"That fails because ",[15,90411,90412],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,90415,10296],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,90418,2354],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[551,90421,90422],{"href":1575},[15,90423,1578],{},[46,90425,90427],{"id":90426},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,90429,90430,90432],{},[15,90431,47434],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[33,90434,90435,90441,90446,90451],{},[36,90436,90437,90440],{},[15,90438,90439],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[36,90442,90443,90445],{},[15,90444,53640],{}," controls what is added after the output",[36,90447,90448,90450],{},[15,90449,87715],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[36,90452,90453,90456],{},[15,90454,90455],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,90458,90459,90460,2360,90462,123],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,90461,90439],{},[15,90463,53640],{},[46,90465,90467,37604],{"id":90466},"sep-argument",[15,90468,90439],{},[20,90470,2997,90471,90473],{},[15,90472,90439],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,90475,90476],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[415,90478,90480],{"id":90479},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[51,90482,90484],{"className":53,"code":90483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,90485,90486],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90487,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90489,143],{"class":142},[60,90491,130],{"class":74},[60,90493,79],{"class":78},[60,90495,254],{"class":82},[60,90497,79],{"class":78},[60,90499,88],{"class":74},[60,90501,91],{"class":78},[60,90503,263],{"class":82},[60,90505,79],{"class":78},[60,90507,88],{"class":74},[60,90509,91],{"class":78},[60,90511,272],{"class":82},[60,90513,79],{"class":78},[60,90515,136],{"class":74},[20,90517,153],{},[51,90519,90521],{"className":53,"code":90520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red green blue\n",[15,90522,90523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90524,90525],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90526,90520],{"class":66},[415,90528,90530],{"id":90529},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[51,90532,90534],{"className":53,"code":90533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,90535,90536,90579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90537,90538,90540,90542,90544,90546,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566,90569,90571,90573,90575,90577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90539,143],{"class":142},[60,90541,130],{"class":74},[60,90543,79],{"class":78},[60,90545,254],{"class":82},[60,90547,79],{"class":78},[60,90549,88],{"class":74},[60,90551,91],{"class":78},[60,90553,263],{"class":82},[60,90555,79],{"class":78},[60,90557,88],{"class":74},[60,90559,91],{"class":78},[60,90561,272],{"class":82},[60,90563,79],{"class":78},[60,90565,88],{"class":74},[60,90567,90568],{"class":10173}," sep",[60,90570,71],{"class":70},[60,90572,79],{"class":78},[60,90574,88],{"class":82},[60,90576,79],{"class":78},[60,90578,136],{"class":74},[60,90580,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90607,90609,90611,90613,90615,90618,90620],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90582,143],{"class":142},[60,90584,130],{"class":74},[60,90586,79],{"class":78},[60,90588,254],{"class":82},[60,90590,79],{"class":78},[60,90592,88],{"class":74},[60,90594,91],{"class":78},[60,90596,263],{"class":82},[60,90598,79],{"class":78},[60,90600,88],{"class":74},[60,90602,91],{"class":78},[60,90604,272],{"class":82},[60,90606,79],{"class":78},[60,90608,88],{"class":74},[60,90610,90568],{"class":10173},[60,90612,71],{"class":70},[60,90614,79],{"class":78},[60,90616,90617],{"class":82}," - ",[60,90619,79],{"class":78},[60,90621,136],{"class":74},[20,90623,153],{},[51,90625,90627],{"className":53,"code":90626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,90628,90629,90641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90630,90631,90633,90635,90637,90639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90632,254],{"class":66},[60,90634,88],{"class":74},[60,90636,263],{"class":66},[60,90638,88],{"class":74},[60,90640,70956],{"class":66},[60,90642,90643,90646,90648,90651,90653],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90644,90645],{"class":66},"red ",[60,90647,929],{"class":70},[60,90649,90650],{"class":66}," green ",[60,90652,929],{"class":70},[60,90654,348],{"class":66},[20,90656,90657,90659],{},[15,90658,90439],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,90661,90662,90663,123],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[551,90664,90666],{"href":90665},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[46,90668,90670,37604],{"id":90669},"end-argument",[15,90671,53640],{},[20,90673,90674,90675,90677,90678,90680],{},"By default, ",[15,90676,47434],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,90679,47434],{}," starts on a new line.",[415,90682,90480],{"id":90683},"default-behavior-1",[51,90685,90687],{"className":53,"code":90686,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90688,90689,90703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90690,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699,90701],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90692,143],{"class":142},[60,90694,130],{"class":74},[60,90696,79],{"class":78},[60,90698,2386],{"class":82},[60,90700,79],{"class":78},[60,90702,136],{"class":74},[60,90704,90705,90707,90709,90711,90713,90715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90706,143],{"class":142},[60,90708,130],{"class":74},[60,90710,79],{"class":78},[60,90712,2401],{"class":82},[60,90714,79],{"class":78},[60,90716,136],{"class":74},[20,90718,153],{},[51,90720,90722],{"className":53,"code":90721,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,90723,90724,90728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90725,90726],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90727,89922],{"class":66},[60,90729,90730],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90731,90732],{"class":66},"World\n",[415,90734,90736],{"id":90735},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[51,90738,90740],{"className":53,"code":90739,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90741,90742,90764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90743,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90745,143],{"class":142},[60,90747,130],{"class":74},[60,90749,79],{"class":78},[60,90751,2386],{"class":82},[60,90753,79],{"class":78},[60,90755,88],{"class":74},[60,90757,66015],{"class":10173},[60,90759,71],{"class":70},[60,90761,226],{"class":78},[60,90763,136],{"class":74},[60,90765,90766,90768,90770,90772,90774,90776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90767,143],{"class":142},[60,90769,130],{"class":74},[60,90771,79],{"class":78},[60,90773,2401],{"class":82},[60,90775,79],{"class":78},[60,90777,136],{"class":74},[20,90779,153],{},[51,90781,90783],{"className":53,"code":90782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloWorld\n",[15,90784,90785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90786,90787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90788,90782],{"class":66},[415,90790,90792],{"id":90791},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[51,90794,90796],{"className":53,"code":90795,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,90797,90798,90827],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90799,90800,90802,90804,90806,90808,90810,90812,90814,90816,90818,90821,90823,90825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90801,143],{"class":142},[60,90803,130],{"class":74},[60,90805,79],{"class":78},[60,90807,2386],{"class":82},[60,90809,79],{"class":78},[60,90811,88],{"class":74},[60,90813,66015],{"class":10173},[60,90815,71],{"class":70},[60,90817,79],{"class":78},[60,90819,90820],{"class":82},"!",[60,90822,88126],{"class":1313},[60,90824,79],{"class":78},[60,90826,136],{"class":74},[60,90828,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90830,143],{"class":142},[60,90832,130],{"class":74},[60,90834,79],{"class":78},[60,90836,2401],{"class":82},[60,90838,79],{"class":78},[60,90840,136],{"class":74},[20,90842,153],{},[51,90844,90846],{"className":53,"code":90845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,90847,90848,90853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90849,90850],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90851,90852],{"class":66},"Hello!\n",[60,90854,90855],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90856,90732],{"class":66},[20,90858,2997,90859,90861],{},[15,90860,53640],{}," argument is useful for:",[33,90863,90864,90867,90870],{},[36,90865,90866],{},"progress messages",[36,90868,90869],{},"inline output",[36,90871,90872],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[46,90874,90876,3412,90878],{"id":90875},"print-returns-none",[15,90877,47434],{},[15,90879,1585],{},[20,90881,90882,90883,90885],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90884,47434],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90887,236],{},[51,90889,90891],{"className":53,"code":90890,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90892,90893,90913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90894,90895,90897,90899,90902,90904,90906,90909,90911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90896,114],{"class":66},[60,90898,71],{"class":70},[60,90900,90901],{"class":142}," print",[60,90903,130],{"class":74},[60,90905,79],{"class":78},[60,90907,90908],{"class":82},"Hi",[60,90910,79],{"class":78},[60,90912,136],{"class":74},[60,90914,90915,90917,90919,90921],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90916,143],{"class":142},[60,90918,130],{"class":74},[60,90920,148],{"class":126},[60,90922,136],{"class":74},[20,90924,153],{},[51,90926,90928],{"className":53,"code":90927,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90929,90930,90935],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90931,90932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90933,90934],{"class":66},"Hi\n",[60,90936,90937],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90938,12803],{"class":1611},[20,90940,90941],{},"Why does this happen?",[33,90943,90944,90952,90957],{},[36,90945,90946,90949,90950],{},[15,90947,90948],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90951,90908],{},[36,90953,90954,90955],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90956,1585],{},[36,90958,90959,90960,12915,90962],{},"so ",[15,90961,148],{},[15,90963,1585],{},[20,90965,90966,90967,90969],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90968,47434],{}," call.",[51,90971,90973],{"className":53,"code":90972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90974,90975,90988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,90976,90977,90980,90982,90984,90986],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,90978,90979],{"class":66},"message ",[60,90981,71],{"class":70},[60,90983,91],{"class":78},[60,90985,90908],{"class":82},[60,90987,2389],{"class":78},[60,90989,90990,90992,90994,90997],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,90991,143],{"class":142},[60,90993,130],{"class":74},[60,90995,90996],{"class":126},"message",[60,90998,136],{"class":74},[20,91000,91001,91002,91004,91005,91009],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,91003,47434],{}," with functions like ",[551,91006,91007],{"href":9214},[15,91008,3974],{},", which do return a value.",[46,91011,91013,91014],{"id":91012},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,91015,47434],{},[20,91017,91018,91019,91021],{},"Beginners use ",[15,91020,47434],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[33,91023,91024,91027,91030,91033],{},[36,91025,91026],{},"to display results to the user",[36,91028,91029],{},"to show messages in a script",[36,91031,91032],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[36,91034,91035],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,91037,236],{},[51,91039,91041],{"className":53,"code":91040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,91042,91043,91051,91055,91075,91086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91044,91045,91047,91049],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91046,42169],{"class":66},[60,91048,71],{"class":70},[60,91050,39501],{"class":1402},[60,91052,91053],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91054,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,91056,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91058,6960],{"class":2665},[60,91060,7385],{"class":66},[60,91062,2672],{"class":2665},[60,91064,55050],{"class":142},[60,91066,130],{"class":74},[60,91068,1432],{"class":1402},[60,91070,88],{"class":74},[60,91072,3471],{"class":1402},[60,91074,9337],{"class":74},[60,91076,91077,91080,91083],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,91078,91079],{"class":66},"    total ",[60,91081,91082],{"class":70},"+=",[60,91084,91085],{"class":66}," number\n",[60,91087,91088,91090,91092,91094,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91111,91113,91115],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,91089,9064],{"class":142},[60,91091,130],{"class":74},[60,91093,79],{"class":78},[60,91095,91096],{"class":82},"Current number:",[60,91098,79],{"class":78},[60,91100,88],{"class":74},[60,91102,3213],{"class":126},[60,91104,88],{"class":74},[60,91106,91],{"class":78},[60,91108,46545],{"class":82},[60,91110,79],{"class":78},[60,91112,88],{"class":74},[60,91114,46552],{"class":126},[60,91116,136],{"class":74},[20,91118,153],{},[51,91120,91122],{"className":53,"code":91121,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,91123,91124,91140,91154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91125,91126,91129,91131,91133,91136,91138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91127,91128],{"class":66},"Current number",[60,91130,3901],{"class":74},[60,91132,6499],{"class":1402},[60,91134,91135],{"class":66}," Total",[60,91137,3901],{"class":74},[60,91139,30608],{"class":1402},[60,91141,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91143,91128],{"class":66},[60,91145,3901],{"class":74},[60,91147,1437],{"class":1402},[60,91149,91135],{"class":66},[60,91151,3901],{"class":74},[60,91153,1569],{"class":1402},[60,91155,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91157,91128],{"class":66},[60,91159,3901],{"class":74},[60,91161,1442],{"class":1402},[60,91163,91135],{"class":66},[60,91165,3901],{"class":74},[60,91167,91168],{"class":1402}," 6\n",[20,91170,91171,91172,123],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[551,91173,91175],{"href":91174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[46,91177,3845],{"id":3844},[20,91179,91180,91181,123],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,91182,47434],{},[415,91184,91186],{"id":91185},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,91188,91189],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[51,91191,91193],{"className":53,"code":91192,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(Hello)\n",[15,91194,91195],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91196,91197,91199,91201,91203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91198,143],{"class":142},[60,91200,130],{"class":74},[60,91202,2386],{"class":126},[60,91204,136],{"class":74},[20,91206,2580,91207,91209],{},[15,91208,2386],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,91211,2078],{},[51,91213,91215],{"className":53,"code":91214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91216,91217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91218,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91220,143],{"class":142},[60,91222,130],{"class":74},[60,91224,79],{"class":78},[60,91226,2386],{"class":82},[60,91228,79],{"class":78},[60,91230,136],{"class":74},[415,91232,9413,91234,91236],{"id":91233},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,91235,143],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,91238,91239],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[51,91241,91243],{"className":53,"code":91242,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,91244,91245],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91246,91247,91249,91251,91253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91248,143],{"class":142},[60,91250,91],{"class":78},[60,91252,2386],{"class":82},[60,91254,2389],{"class":78},[20,91256,2078],{},[51,91258,91259],{"className":53,"code":91214,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91260,91261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91262,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91264,143],{"class":142},[60,91266,130],{"class":74},[60,91268,79],{"class":78},[60,91270,2386],{"class":82},[60,91272,79],{"class":78},[60,91274,136],{"class":74},[415,91276,91278,91279],{"id":91277},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,91280,2354],{},[20,91282,1469,91283,123],{},[15,91284,1472],{},[51,91286,91287],{"className":53,"code":90377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,91288,91289,91297],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91290,91291,91293,91295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91292,22623],{"class":66},[60,91294,71],{"class":70},[60,91296,3601],{"class":1402},[60,91298,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91300,143],{"class":142},[60,91302,130],{"class":74},[60,91304,79],{"class":78},[60,91306,90398],{"class":82},[60,91308,79],{"class":78},[60,91310,2421],{"class":70},[60,91312,10186],{"class":126},[60,91314,136],{"class":74},[20,91316,91317],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[51,91319,91321],{"className":53,"code":91320,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,91322,91323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91324,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337,91339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91326,143],{"class":142},[60,91328,130],{"class":74},[60,91330,79],{"class":78},[60,91332,90299],{"class":82},[60,91334,79],{"class":78},[60,91336,88],{"class":74},[60,91338,10186],{"class":126},[60,91340,136],{"class":74},[20,91342,91343],{},"Or convert the number first:",[51,91345,91347],{"className":53,"code":91346,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,91348,91349],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91350,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91352,143],{"class":142},[60,91354,130],{"class":74},[60,91356,79],{"class":78},[60,91358,90398],{"class":82},[60,91360,79],{"class":78},[60,91362,2421],{"class":70},[60,91364,49885],{"class":1527},[60,91366,130],{"class":74},[60,91368,10296],{"class":126},[60,91370,1042],{"class":74},[20,91372,91373,91374,123],{},"If you see this error, read ",[551,91375,91377],{"href":91376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[415,91379,9449,91381,91383],{"id":91380},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,91382,47434],{}," to return a value",[20,91385,91386,91387,36323,91390,3901],{},"This does not store ",[15,91388,91389],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,91391,148],{},[51,91393,91395],{"className":53,"code":91394,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91396,91397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91398,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91400,114],{"class":66},[60,91402,71],{"class":70},[60,91404,90901],{"class":142},[60,91406,130],{"class":74},[60,91408,79],{"class":78},[60,91410,2386],{"class":82},[60,91412,79],{"class":78},[60,91414,136],{"class":74},[20,91416,91417,91418,123],{},"It stores ",[15,91419,1585],{},[415,91421,91423,91424,2360,91426],{"id":91422},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,91425,90439],{},[15,91427,53640],{},[20,91429,86785],{},[33,91431,91432,91441],{},[36,91433,91434,91436,91437,91440],{},[15,91435,90439],{}," changes what goes ",[4753,91438,91439],{},"between"," multiple values",[36,91442,91443,91445,91446,91449],{},[15,91444,53640],{}," changes what appears ",[4753,91447,91448],{},"after"," the output",[46,91451,91453],{"id":91452},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,91455,91456,91457,91459],{},"These simple ",[15,91458,47434],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[51,91461,91463],{"className":53,"code":91462,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,91464,91465,91485,91500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91466,91467,91469,91471,91473,91476,91478,91480,91483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91468,143],{"class":142},[60,91470,130],{"class":74},[60,91472,79],{"class":78},[60,91474,91475],{"class":82},"Debug:",[60,91477,79],{"class":78},[60,91479,88],{"class":74},[60,91481,91482],{"class":126}," variable_name",[60,91484,136],{"class":74},[60,91486,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91498],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91488,143],{"class":142},[60,91490,130],{"class":74},[60,91492,2629],{"class":1527},[60,91494,130],{"class":74},[60,91496,91497],{"class":126},"variable_name",[60,91499,1042],{"class":74},[60,91501,91502,91504,91506,91508],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91503,33145],{"class":142},[60,91505,130],{"class":74},[60,91507,143],{"class":142},[60,91509,136],{"class":74},[20,91511,91512],{},"What they do:",[33,91514,91515,91521,91527],{},[36,91516,91517,91520],{},[15,91518,91519],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[36,91522,91523,91526],{},[15,91524,91525],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[36,91528,91529,91532,91533],{},[15,91530,91531],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,91534,47434],{},[46,91536,2804],{"id":2803},[415,91538,2808,91540,91542],{"id":91539},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,91541,47434],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,91544,91545,91546,91548,91549,37610],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,91547,47434],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,91550,53640],{},[415,91552,6170,91554,91556],{"id":91553},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,91555,47434],{}," show more than one value?",[20,91558,91559,91560,91562],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,91561,47434],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[415,91564,6158,91566,6161,91569,2863],{"id":91565},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,91567,91568],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,91570,1585],{},[20,91572,30054,91573,91575],{},[15,91574,47434],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[415,91577,91579],{"id":91578},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,91581,91582],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[51,91584,91586],{"className":53,"code":91585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,91587,91588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91589,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91591,143],{"class":142},[60,91593,130],{"class":74},[60,91595,79],{"class":78},[60,91597,90299],{"class":82},[60,91599,79],{"class":78},[60,91601,88],{"class":74},[60,91603,7005],{"class":1402},[60,91605,136],{"class":74},[20,91607,91608,91609,40916],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,91610,1578],{},[415,91612,6180,91614,2360,91616,2863],{"id":91613},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,91615,90439],{},[15,91617,53640],{},[33,91619,91620,91625],{},[36,91621,91622,91624],{},[15,91623,90439],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[36,91626,91627,91629],{},[15,91628,53640],{}," changes what appears after the output",[46,91631,2870],{"id":2869},[33,91633,91634,91638,91644,91650,91655,91660],{},[36,91635,91636],{},[551,91637,51955],{"href":553},[36,91639,91640],{},[551,91641,163,91642,1579],{"href":9214},[15,91643,3974],{},[36,91645,91646],{},[551,91647,163,91648,1579],{"href":1575},[15,91649,1578],{},[36,91651,91652],{},[551,91653,91654],{"href":90665},"How to format strings in Python",[36,91656,91657],{},[551,91658,91659],{"href":91174},"How to debug Python code",[36,91661,91662],{},[551,91663,91377],{"href":91376},[2912,91665,91666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":91668},[91669,91670,91672,91673,91679,91680,91681,91686,91692,91694,91696,91707,91708,91719],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":89843,"depth":111,"text":91671},"What print() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":90079,"depth":111,"text":90080,"children":91674},[91675,91676,91677,91678],{"id":90088,"depth":139,"text":90089},{"id":90129,"depth":139,"text":90130},{"id":90161,"depth":139,"text":90162},{"id":90188,"depth":139,"text":90189},{"id":90230,"depth":111,"text":90231},{"id":90426,"depth":111,"text":90427},{"id":90466,"depth":111,"text":91682,"children":91683},"sep argument",[91684,91685],{"id":90479,"depth":139,"text":90480},{"id":90529,"depth":139,"text":90530},{"id":90669,"depth":111,"text":91687,"children":91688},"end argument",[91689,91690,91691],{"id":90683,"depth":139,"text":90480},{"id":90735,"depth":139,"text":90736},{"id":90791,"depth":139,"text":90792},{"id":90875,"depth":111,"text":91693},"print() returns None",{"id":91012,"depth":111,"text":91695},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":91697},[91698,91699,91701,91703,91705],{"id":91185,"depth":139,"text":91186},{"id":91233,"depth":139,"text":91700},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":91277,"depth":139,"text":91702},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":91380,"depth":139,"text":91704},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":91422,"depth":139,"text":91706},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":91452,"depth":111,"text":91453},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":91709},[91710,91712,91714,91716,91717],{"id":91539,"depth":139,"text":91711},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":91553,"depth":139,"text":91713},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":91565,"depth":139,"text":91715},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":91578,"depth":139,"text":91579},{"id":91613,"depth":139,"text":91718},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":89726,"description":91720},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":91727,"title":91728,"body":91729,"description":94033,"extension":2980,"meta":94034,"navigation":304,"path":94035,"seo":94036,"stem":94037,"__hash__":94038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":91730,"toc":93979},[91731,91736,91741,91754,91756,91821,91832,91837,91842,91844,91867,91870,91901,91903,91920,91925,91931,91936,91985,91988,92005,92011,92016,92039,92041,92069,92075,92083,92110,92112,92137,92143,92146,92177,92179,92208,92212,92215,92220,92242,92244,92272,92278,92284,92310,92312,92336,92342,92348,92378,92380,92408,92418,92422,92428,92461,92463,92492,92495,92498,92531,92533,92541,92547,92549,92572,92577,92586,92591,92605,92607,92647,92649,92679,92683,92718,92724,92728,92772,92774,92804,92810,92813,92892,92894,92916,92924,92927,92990,92998,93073,93079,93086,93091,93096,93119,93121,93142,93144,93157,93159,93206,93208,93247,93256,93258,93262,93266,93269,93296,93299,93328,93331,93355,93358,93366,93372,93394,93396,93424,93428,93433,93488,93493,93495,93552,93559,93568,93571,93603,93605,93613,93616,93622,93624,93647,93650,93656,93659,93678,93680,93699,93702,93724,93726,93754,93758,93762,93867,93869,93882,93884,93890,93893,93901,93906,93912,93918,93923,93931,93937,93944,93946,93976],[10,91732,163,91734,4591],{"id":91733},"python-range-function-explained",[15,91735,37186],{},[20,91737,33310,91738,91740],{},[15,91739,37186],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,91742,91743,91744,91746,91747,91749,91750,91753],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,91745,6960],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,91748,37186],{}," stops ",[4753,91751,91752],{},"before"," the end value.",[46,91755,3022],{"id":3021},[51,91757,91759],{"className":53,"code":91758,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,91760,91761,91777,91787,91791,91796,91801,91806,91811,91816],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91762,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91764,6960],{"class":2665},[60,91766,70523],{"class":66},[60,91768,2672],{"class":2665},[60,91770,55050],{"class":142},[60,91772,130],{"class":74},[60,91774,3154],{"class":1402},[60,91776,9337],{"class":74},[60,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91780,9064],{"class":142},[60,91782,130],{"class":74},[60,91784,37142],{"class":126},[60,91786,136],{"class":74},[60,91788,91789],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91790,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,91792,91793],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,91794,91795],{"class":4674},"# Output:\n",[60,91797,91798],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,91799,91800],{"class":4674},"# 0\n",[60,91802,91803],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,91804,91805],{"class":4674},"# 1\n",[60,91807,91808],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,91809,91810],{"class":4674},"# 2\n",[60,91812,91813],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,91814,91815],{"class":4674},"# 3\n",[60,91817,91818],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,91819,91820],{"class":4674},"# 4\n",[20,91822,91823,91826,91827,91829,91830,123],{},[15,91824,91825],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,91828,3137],{}," and stopping before ",[15,91831,3154],{},[46,91833,178,91835,181],{"id":91834},"what-range-does",[15,91836,37186],{},[20,91838,91839,91841],{},[15,91840,37186],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,91843,14046],{},[33,91845,91846,91851,91857,91862],{},[36,91847,91848,91850],{},[15,91849,37186],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[36,91852,91853,91854,91856],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91855,6960],{}," loops",[36,91858,91859,91860],{},"The stop value is ",[4753,91861,66044],{},[36,91863,18416,91864,91866],{},[15,91865,60979],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91868,91869],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[51,91871,91873],{"className":53,"code":91872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91874,91875,91891],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91876,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91878,6960],{"class":2665},[60,91880,7385],{"class":66},[60,91882,2672],{"class":2665},[60,91884,55050],{"class":142},[60,91886,130],{"class":74},[60,91888,3079],{"class":1402},[60,91890,9337],{"class":74},[60,91892,91893,91895,91897,91899],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91894,9064],{"class":142},[60,91896,130],{"class":74},[60,91898,3255],{"class":126},[60,91900,136],{"class":74},[20,91902,153],{},[51,91904,91906],{"className":53,"code":91905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91907,91908,91912,91916],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91909,91910],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91911,48234],{"class":1402},[60,91913,91914],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91915,47899],{"class":1402},[60,91917,91918],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91919,18050],{"class":1402},[20,91921,91922,91923,123],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[551,91924,37018],{"href":37017},[46,91926,91928,91930],{"id":91927},"range-syntax",[15,91929,37186],{}," syntax",[20,91932,91933,91935],{},[15,91934,37186],{}," has three common forms:",[51,91937,91939],{"className":53,"code":91938,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91940,91941,91951,91966],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,91942,91943,91945,91947,91949],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,91944,60979],{"class":142},[60,91946,130],{"class":74},[60,91948,76401],{"class":126},[60,91950,136],{"class":74},[60,91952,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91964],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,91954,60979],{"class":142},[60,91956,130],{"class":74},[60,91958,37062],{"class":126},[60,91960,88],{"class":74},[60,91962,91963],{"class":126}," stop",[60,91965,136],{"class":74},[60,91967,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91983],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,91969,60979],{"class":142},[60,91971,130],{"class":74},[60,91973,37062],{"class":126},[60,91975,88],{"class":74},[60,91977,91963],{"class":126},[60,91979,88],{"class":74},[60,91981,91982],{"class":126}," step",[60,91984,136],{"class":74},[20,91986,91987],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[33,91989,91990,91995,92000],{},[36,91991,91992,91994],{},[15,91993,37062],{}," = first number",[36,91996,91997,91999],{},[15,91998,76401],{}," = end limit, not included",[36,92001,92002,92004],{},[15,92003,76404],{}," = amount to move each time",[415,92006,92008],{"id":92007},"rangestop",[15,92009,92010],{},"range(stop)",[20,92012,92013,92014,123],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92015,3137],{},[51,92017,92019],{"className":53,"code":92018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,92020,92021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92022,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92024,143],{"class":142},[60,92026,130],{"class":74},[60,92028,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92030,130],{"class":74},[60,92032,60979],{"class":142},[60,92034,130],{"class":74},[60,92036,3154],{"class":1402},[60,92038,1992],{"class":74},[20,92040,153],{},[51,92042,92043],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92044,92045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92046,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92048,353],{"class":74},[60,92050,3137],{"class":1402},[60,92052,88],{"class":74},[60,92054,6499],{"class":1402},[60,92056,88],{"class":74},[60,92058,1437],{"class":1402},[60,92060,88],{"class":74},[60,92062,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92064,88],{"class":74},[60,92066,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92068,108],{"class":74},[415,92070,92072],{"id":92071},"rangestart-stop",[15,92073,92074],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,92076,92077,92078,92080,92081,123],{},"This starts at ",[15,92079,37062],{}," and stops before ",[15,92082,76401],{},[51,92084,92086],{"className":53,"code":92085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,92087,92088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92091,143],{"class":142},[60,92093,130],{"class":74},[60,92095,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92097,130],{"class":74},[60,92099,60979],{"class":142},[60,92101,130],{"class":74},[60,92103,1925],{"class":1402},[60,92105,88],{"class":74},[60,92107,38631],{"class":1402},[60,92109,1992],{"class":74},[20,92111,153],{},[51,92113,92115],{"className":53,"code":92114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92116,92117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92118,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92120,353],{"class":74},[60,92122,1925],{"class":1402},[60,92124,88],{"class":74},[60,92126,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92128,88],{"class":74},[60,92130,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92132,88],{"class":74},[60,92134,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92136,108],{"class":74},[415,92138,92140],{"id":92139},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,92141,92142],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,92144,92145],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[51,92147,92149],{"className":53,"code":92148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,92150,92151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92152,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92154,143],{"class":142},[60,92156,130],{"class":74},[60,92158,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92160,130],{"class":74},[60,92162,60979],{"class":142},[60,92164,130],{"class":74},[60,92166,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92168,88],{"class":74},[60,92170,7005],{"class":1402},[60,92172,88],{"class":74},[60,92174,1437],{"class":1402},[60,92176,1992],{"class":74},[20,92178,153],{},[51,92180,92182],{"className":53,"code":92181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,92183,92184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92185,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92187,353],{"class":74},[60,92189,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92191,88],{"class":74},[60,92193,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92195,88],{"class":74},[60,92197,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92199,88],{"class":74},[60,92201,6994],{"class":1402},[60,92203,88],{"class":74},[60,92205,55116],{"class":1402},[60,92207,108],{"class":74},[46,92209,92211],{"id":92210},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,92213,92214],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[415,92216,92218],{"id":92217},"range5",[15,92219,91825],{},[51,92221,92222],{"className":53,"code":92018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92223,92224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92225,92226,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92227,143],{"class":142},[60,92229,130],{"class":74},[60,92231,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92233,130],{"class":74},[60,92235,60979],{"class":142},[60,92237,130],{"class":74},[60,92239,3154],{"class":1402},[60,92241,1992],{"class":74},[20,92243,153],{},[51,92245,92246],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92247,92248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92251,353],{"class":74},[60,92253,3137],{"class":1402},[60,92255,88],{"class":74},[60,92257,6499],{"class":1402},[60,92259,88],{"class":74},[60,92261,1437],{"class":1402},[60,92263,88],{"class":74},[60,92265,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92267,88],{"class":74},[60,92269,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92271,108],{"class":74},[20,92273,92077,92274,92080,92276,123],{},[15,92275,3137],{},[15,92277,3154],{},[415,92279,92281],{"id":92280},"range2-6",[15,92282,92283],{},"range(2, 6)",[51,92285,92286],{"className":53,"code":92085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92287,92288],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92289,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92291,143],{"class":142},[60,92293,130],{"class":74},[60,92295,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92297,130],{"class":74},[60,92299,60979],{"class":142},[60,92301,130],{"class":74},[60,92303,1925],{"class":1402},[60,92305,88],{"class":74},[60,92307,38631],{"class":1402},[60,92309,1992],{"class":74},[20,92311,153],{},[51,92313,92314],{"className":53,"code":92114,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92315,92316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92317,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92319,353],{"class":74},[60,92321,1925],{"class":1402},[60,92323,88],{"class":74},[60,92325,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92327,88],{"class":74},[60,92329,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92331,88],{"class":74},[60,92333,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92335,108],{"class":74},[20,92337,92077,92338,92080,92340,123],{},[15,92339,1925],{},[15,92341,81567],{},[415,92343,92345],{"id":92344},"range1-10-2",[15,92346,92347],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[51,92349,92350],{"className":53,"code":92148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92351,92352],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92353,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92355,143],{"class":142},[60,92357,130],{"class":74},[60,92359,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92361,130],{"class":74},[60,92363,60979],{"class":142},[60,92365,130],{"class":74},[60,92367,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92369,88],{"class":74},[60,92371,7005],{"class":1402},[60,92373,88],{"class":74},[60,92375,1437],{"class":1402},[60,92377,1992],{"class":74},[20,92379,153],{},[51,92381,92382],{"className":53,"code":92181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92383,92384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92385,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404,92406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92387,353],{"class":74},[60,92389,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92391,88],{"class":74},[60,92393,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92395,88],{"class":74},[60,92397,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92399,88],{"class":74},[60,92401,6994],{"class":1402},[60,92403,88],{"class":74},[60,92405,55116],{"class":1402},[60,92407,108],{"class":74},[20,92409,92410,92411,92413,92414,62277,92416,123],{},"This moves by ",[15,92412,1925],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,92415,1432],{},[15,92417,3162],{},[415,92419,92421],{"id":92420},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,92423,92424,92425,92427],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,92426,37186],{}," count backward.",[51,92429,92431],{"className":53,"code":92430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,92432,92433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92434,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92436,143],{"class":142},[60,92438,130],{"class":74},[60,92440,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92442,130],{"class":74},[60,92444,60979],{"class":142},[60,92446,130],{"class":74},[60,92448,3154],{"class":1402},[60,92450,88],{"class":74},[60,92452,4843],{"class":1402},[60,92454,88],{"class":74},[60,92456,3238],{"class":70},[60,92458,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92460,1992],{"class":74},[20,92462,153],{},[51,92464,92466],{"className":53,"code":92465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,92467,92468],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92471,353],{"class":74},[60,92473,3154],{"class":1402},[60,92475,88],{"class":74},[60,92477,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92479,88],{"class":74},[60,92481,1442],{"class":1402},[60,92483,88],{"class":74},[60,92485,1437],{"class":1402},[60,92487,88],{"class":74},[60,92489,6499],{"class":1402},[60,92491,108],{"class":74},[20,92493,92494],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,92496,92497],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[51,92499,92501],{"className":53,"code":92500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,92502,92503],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92504,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92506,143],{"class":142},[60,92508,130],{"class":74},[60,92510,9089],{"class":1527},[60,92512,130],{"class":74},[60,92514,60979],{"class":142},[60,92516,130],{"class":74},[60,92518,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92520,88],{"class":74},[60,92522,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92524,88],{"class":74},[60,92526,3238],{"class":70},[60,92528,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92530,1992],{"class":74},[20,92532,153],{},[51,92534,92535],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92536,92537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92538,92539],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92540,39285],{"class":74},[415,92542,92543,77563,92545],{"id":77787},[15,92544,76404],{},[15,92546,3137],{},[20,92548,3852],{},[51,92550,92552],{"className":53,"code":92551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,92553,92554],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92555,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92557,60979],{"class":142},[60,92559,130],{"class":74},[60,92561,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92563,88],{"class":74},[60,92565,5606],{"class":1402},[60,92567,88],{"class":74},[60,92569,4843],{"class":1402},[60,92571,136],{"class":74},[20,92573,77832,92574,92576],{},[15,92575,41690],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[46,92578,9413,92580,92582,92583,92585],{"id":92579},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,92581,37186],{}," in a ",[15,92584,6960],{}," loop",[20,92587,92588,92590],{},[15,92589,37186],{}," is most useful when:",[33,92592,92593,92596,92599],{},[36,92594,92595],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[36,92597,92598],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[36,92600,92601,92602],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,92603,92604],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,92606,236],{},[51,92608,92610],{"className":53,"code":92609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,92611,92612,92628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92613,92614,92616,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92615,6960],{"class":2665},[60,92617,70523],{"class":66},[60,92619,2672],{"class":2665},[60,92621,55050],{"class":142},[60,92623,130],{"class":74},[60,92625,3079],{"class":1402},[60,92627,9337],{"class":74},[60,92629,92630,92632,92634,92636,92639,92641,92643,92645],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92631,9064],{"class":142},[60,92633,130],{"class":74},[60,92635,79],{"class":78},[60,92637,92638],{"class":82},"Loop number:",[60,92640,79],{"class":78},[60,92642,88],{"class":74},[60,92644,37118],{"class":126},[60,92646,136],{"class":74},[20,92648,153],{},[51,92650,92652],{"className":53,"code":92651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,92653,92654,92663,92671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92655,92656,92659,92661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92657,92658],{"class":66},"Loop number",[60,92660,3901],{"class":74},[60,92662,39501],{"class":1402},[60,92664,92665,92667,92669],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92666,92658],{"class":66},[60,92668,3901],{"class":74},[60,92670,30608],{"class":1402},[60,92672,92673,92675,92677],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,92674,92658],{"class":66},[60,92676,3901],{"class":74},[60,92678,46571],{"class":1402},[415,92680,92682],{"id":92681},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[51,92684,92686],{"className":53,"code":92685,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,92687,92688,92704],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92689,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92691,6960],{"class":2665},[60,92693,70523],{"class":66},[60,92695,2672],{"class":2665},[60,92697,55050],{"class":142},[60,92699,130],{"class":74},[60,92701,3154],{"class":1402},[60,92703,9337],{"class":74},[60,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92707,9064],{"class":142},[60,92709,130],{"class":74},[60,92711,79],{"class":78},[60,92713,2386],{"class":82},[60,92715,79],{"class":78},[60,92717,136],{"class":74},[20,92719,92720,92721,92723],{},"This prints ",[15,92722,91389],{}," five times.",[415,92725,92727],{"id":92726},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[51,92729,92731],{"className":53,"code":92730,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,92732,92733,92753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92734,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747,92749,92751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92736,6960],{"class":2665},[60,92738,70523],{"class":66},[60,92740,2672],{"class":2665},[60,92742,55050],{"class":142},[60,92744,130],{"class":74},[60,92746,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92748,88],{"class":74},[60,92750,3471],{"class":1402},[60,92752,9337],{"class":74},[60,92754,92755,92757,92759,92761,92764,92766,92768,92770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92756,9064],{"class":142},[60,92758,130],{"class":74},[60,92760,79],{"class":78},[60,92762,92763],{"class":82},"Current number is",[60,92765,79],{"class":78},[60,92767,88],{"class":74},[60,92769,37118],{"class":126},[60,92771,136],{"class":74},[20,92773,153],{},[51,92775,92777],{"className":53,"code":92776,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,92778,92779,92788,92796],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92780,92781,92784,92786],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92782,92783],{"class":66},"Current number ",[60,92785,94],{"class":70},[60,92787,30608],{"class":1402},[60,92789,92790,92792,92794],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92791,92783],{"class":66},[60,92793,94],{"class":70},[60,92795,46571],{"class":1402},[60,92797,92798,92800,92802],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,92799,92783],{"class":66},[60,92801,94],{"class":70},[60,92803,1569],{"class":1402},[415,92805,92807,92809],{"id":92806},"range-and-indexing",[15,92808,37186],{}," and indexing",[20,92811,92812],{},"You may see code like this:",[51,92814,92816],{"className":53,"code":92815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,92817,92818,92850,92854,92874],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92819,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92821,664],{"class":66},[60,92823,71],{"class":70},[60,92825,75],{"class":74},[60,92827,79],{"class":78},[60,92829,551],{"class":82},[60,92831,79],{"class":78},[60,92833,88],{"class":74},[60,92835,91],{"class":78},[60,92837,2258],{"class":82},[60,92839,79],{"class":78},[60,92841,88],{"class":74},[60,92843,91],{"class":78},[60,92845,1895],{"class":82},[60,92847,79],{"class":78},[60,92849,108],{"class":74},[60,92851,92852],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92853,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,92855,92856,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,92857,6960],{"class":2665},[60,92859,70523],{"class":66},[60,92861,2672],{"class":2665},[60,92863,55050],{"class":142},[60,92865,130],{"class":74},[60,92867,12157],{"class":142},[60,92869,130],{"class":74},[60,92871,716],{"class":126},[60,92873,70538],{"class":74},[60,92875,92876,92878,92880,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,92877,9064],{"class":142},[60,92879,130],{"class":74},[60,92881,37142],{"class":126},[60,92883,88],{"class":74},[60,92885,1989],{"class":126},[60,92887,353],{"class":74},[60,92889,37142],{"class":126},[60,92891,2677],{"class":74},[20,92893,153],{},[51,92895,92896],{"className":53,"code":37154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,92897,92898,92904,92910],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92899,92900,92902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92901,3137],{"class":1402},[60,92903,37163],{"class":66},[60,92905,92906,92908],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92907,1432],{"class":1402},[60,92909,37170],{"class":66},[60,92911,92912,92914],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,92913,1925],{"class":1402},[60,92915,37177],{"class":66},[20,92917,92918,92919,92923],{},"This works, and it uses ",[551,92920,92921],{"href":43343},[15,92922,43346],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92925,92926],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[51,92928,92930],{"className":53,"code":92929,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92931,92932,92964,92968,92980],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,92933,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,92935,664],{"class":66},[60,92937,71],{"class":70},[60,92939,75],{"class":74},[60,92941,79],{"class":78},[60,92943,551],{"class":82},[60,92945,79],{"class":78},[60,92947,88],{"class":74},[60,92949,91],{"class":78},[60,92951,2258],{"class":82},[60,92953,79],{"class":78},[60,92955,88],{"class":74},[60,92957,91],{"class":78},[60,92959,1895],{"class":82},[60,92961,79],{"class":78},[60,92963,108],{"class":74},[60,92965,92966],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,92967,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,92971,6960],{"class":2665},[60,92973,2669],{"class":66},[60,92975,2672],{"class":2665},[60,92977,1989],{"class":66},[60,92979,7392],{"class":74},[60,92981,92982,92984,92986,92988],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,92983,9064],{"class":142},[60,92985,130],{"class":74},[60,92987,2659],{"class":126},[60,92989,136],{"class":74},[20,92991,37581,92992,92997],{},[551,92993,92995],{"href":92994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92996,36743],{}," is usually a better choice:",[51,92999,93001],{"className":53,"code":93000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,93002,93003,93035,93039,93059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93004,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015,93017,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93006,664],{"class":66},[60,93008,71],{"class":70},[60,93010,75],{"class":74},[60,93012,79],{"class":78},[60,93014,551],{"class":82},[60,93016,79],{"class":78},[60,93018,88],{"class":74},[60,93020,91],{"class":78},[60,93022,2258],{"class":82},[60,93024,79],{"class":78},[60,93026,88],{"class":74},[60,93028,91],{"class":78},[60,93030,1895],{"class":82},[60,93032,79],{"class":78},[60,93034,108],{"class":74},[60,93036,93037],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93038,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,93040,93041,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055,93057],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,93042,6960],{"class":2665},[60,93044,36815],{"class":66},[60,93046,88],{"class":74},[60,93048,2669],{"class":66},[60,93050,2672],{"class":2665},[60,93052,36825],{"class":142},[60,93054,130],{"class":74},[60,93056,716],{"class":126},[60,93058,9337],{"class":74},[60,93060,93061,93063,93065,93067,93069,93071],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,93062,9064],{"class":142},[60,93064,130],{"class":74},[60,93066,36840],{"class":126},[60,93068,88],{"class":74},[60,93070,30500],{"class":126},[60,93072,136],{"class":74},[20,93074,80092,93075,123],{},[551,93076,37594,93077,37597],{"href":37593},[15,93078,36743],{},[46,93080,93082,93083,93085],{"id":93081},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,93084,37186],{}," to a list",[20,93087,93088,93090],{},[15,93089,37186],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,93092,93093,93094,3901],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,93095,25774],{},[51,93097,93099],{"className":53,"code":93098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,93100,93101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93102,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93104,143],{"class":142},[60,93106,130],{"class":74},[60,93108,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93110,130],{"class":74},[60,93112,60979],{"class":142},[60,93114,130],{"class":74},[60,93116,3079],{"class":1402},[60,93118,1992],{"class":74},[20,93120,153],{},[51,93122,93124],{"className":53,"code":93123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,93125,93126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93127,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138,93140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93129,353],{"class":74},[60,93131,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93133,88],{"class":74},[60,93135,6499],{"class":1402},[60,93137,88],{"class":74},[60,93139,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93141,108],{"class":74},[20,93143,34305],{},[33,93145,93146,93151,93154],{},[36,93147,93148,93149,43072],{},"learning how ",[15,93150,37186],{},[36,93152,93153],{},"checking your values",[36,93155,93156],{},"debugging code",[20,93158,6473],{},[51,93160,93162],{"className":53,"code":93161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,93163,93164,93178,93182,93192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93165,93166,93168,93170,93172,93174,93176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93167,4629],{"class":66},[60,93169,71],{"class":70},[60,93171,55050],{"class":142},[60,93173,130],{"class":74},[60,93175,3519],{"class":1402},[60,93177,136],{"class":74},[60,93179,93180],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93181,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,93183,93184,93186,93188,93190],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,93185,143],{"class":142},[60,93187,130],{"class":74},[60,93189,4659],{"class":126},[60,93191,136],{"class":74},[60,93193,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,93195,143],{"class":142},[60,93197,130],{"class":74},[60,93199,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93201,130],{"class":74},[60,93203,4659],{"class":126},[60,93205,1042],{"class":74},[20,93207,153],{},[51,93209,93211],{"className":53,"code":93210,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,93212,93213,93227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93214,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93216,60979],{"class":142},[60,93218,130],{"class":74},[60,93220,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93222,88],{"class":74},[60,93224,3471],{"class":1402},[60,93226,136],{"class":74},[60,93228,93229,93231,93233,93235,93237,93239,93241,93243,93245],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93230,353],{"class":74},[60,93232,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93234,88],{"class":74},[60,93236,6499],{"class":1402},[60,93238,88],{"class":74},[60,93240,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93242,88],{"class":74},[60,93244,1442],{"class":1402},[60,93246,108],{"class":74},[20,93248,93249,93250,11583,93252,93255],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,93251,60979],{},[15,93253,93254],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[46,93257,5520],{"id":5519},[20,93259,34534,93260,123],{},[15,93261,37186],{},[415,93263,93265],{"id":93264},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,93267,93268],{},"Many beginners think this:",[51,93270,93272],{"className":53,"code":93271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,93273,93274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93275,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93277,143],{"class":142},[60,93279,130],{"class":74},[60,93281,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93283,130],{"class":74},[60,93285,60979],{"class":142},[60,93287,130],{"class":74},[60,93289,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93291,88],{"class":74},[60,93293,5606],{"class":1402},[60,93295,1992],{"class":74},[20,93297,93298],{},"will produce:",[51,93300,93302],{"className":53,"code":93301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93303,93304],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93305,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324,93326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93307,353],{"class":74},[60,93309,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93311,88],{"class":74},[60,93313,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93315,88],{"class":74},[60,93317,1442],{"class":1402},[60,93319,88],{"class":74},[60,93321,3471],{"class":1402},[60,93323,88],{"class":74},[60,93325,5606],{"class":1402},[60,93327,108],{"class":74},[20,93329,93330],{},"But the real output is:",[51,93332,93333],{"className":53,"code":54485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93334,93335],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93336,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345,93347,93349,93351,93353],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93338,353],{"class":74},[60,93340,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93342,88],{"class":74},[60,93344,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93346,88],{"class":74},[60,93348,1442],{"class":1402},[60,93350,88],{"class":74},[60,93352,3471],{"class":1402},[60,93354,108],{"class":74},[20,93356,93357],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[415,93359,5580,93361,93363,93364],{"id":93360},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,93362,91825],{}," starts at ",[15,93365,1432],{},[20,93367,38455,93368,19957,93370,123],{},[15,93369,3137],{},[15,93371,1432],{},[51,93373,93374],{"className":53,"code":92018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93375,93376],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93377,93378,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93379,143],{"class":142},[60,93381,130],{"class":74},[60,93383,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93385,130],{"class":74},[60,93387,60979],{"class":142},[60,93389,130],{"class":74},[60,93391,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93393,1992],{"class":74},[20,93395,153],{},[51,93397,93398],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93399,93400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93401,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93403,353],{"class":74},[60,93405,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93407,88],{"class":74},[60,93409,6499],{"class":1402},[60,93411,88],{"class":74},[60,93413,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93415,88],{"class":74},[60,93417,1442],{"class":1402},[60,93419,88],{"class":74},[60,93421,3471],{"class":1402},[60,93423,108],{"class":74},[415,93425,93427],{"id":93426},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,93429,93430,93431,3901],{},"This often happens with ",[15,93432,3974],{},[51,93434,93436],{"className":53,"code":93435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93437,93438,93457,93461,93478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93439,93440,93443,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93441,93442],{"class":66},"user_number ",[60,93444,71],{"class":70},[60,93446,9237],{"class":142},[60,93448,130],{"class":74},[60,93450,79],{"class":78},[60,93452,42858],{"class":82},[60,93454,79],{"class":78},[60,93456,136],{"class":74},[60,93458,93459],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93460,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,93462,93463,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93476],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,93464,6960],{"class":2665},[60,93466,70523],{"class":66},[60,93468,2672],{"class":2665},[60,93470,55050],{"class":142},[60,93472,130],{"class":74},[60,93474,93475],{"class":126},"user_number",[60,93477,9337],{"class":74},[60,93479,93480,93482,93484,93486],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,93481,9064],{"class":142},[60,93483,130],{"class":74},[60,93485,37142],{"class":126},[60,93487,136],{"class":74},[20,93489,1922,93490,93492],{},[15,93491,3974],{}," returns a string.",[20,93494,2078],{},[51,93496,93498],{"className":53,"code":93497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93499,93500,93522,93526,93542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93501,93502,93504,93506,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93503,93442],{"class":66},[60,93505,71],{"class":70},[60,93507,46258],{"class":1527},[60,93509,130],{"class":74},[60,93511,43448],{"class":142},[60,93513,130],{"class":74},[60,93515,79],{"class":78},[60,93517,42858],{"class":82},[60,93519,79],{"class":78},[60,93521,1042],{"class":74},[60,93523,93524],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93525,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,93527,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538,93540],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,93529,6960],{"class":2665},[60,93531,70523],{"class":66},[60,93533,2672],{"class":2665},[60,93535,55050],{"class":142},[60,93537,130],{"class":74},[60,93539,93475],{"class":126},[60,93541,9337],{"class":74},[60,93543,93544,93546,93548,93550],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,93545,9064],{"class":142},[60,93547,130],{"class":74},[60,93549,37142],{"class":126},[60,93551,136],{"class":74},[20,93553,93554,93555,123],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[551,93556,51503,93557],{"href":51502},[15,93558,51506],{},[415,93560,93562,93563,93565,93566],{"id":93561},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,93564,37062],{}," smaller than ",[15,93567,76401],{},[20,93569,93570],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[51,93572,93573],{"className":53,"code":92500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93574,93575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93576,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93578,143],{"class":142},[60,93580,130],{"class":74},[60,93582,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93584,130],{"class":74},[60,93586,60979],{"class":142},[60,93588,130],{"class":74},[60,93590,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93592,88],{"class":74},[60,93594,5606],{"class":1402},[60,93596,88],{"class":74},[60,93598,3238],{"class":70},[60,93600,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93602,1992],{"class":74},[20,93604,153],{},[51,93606,93607],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93608,93609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93610,93611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93612,39285],{"class":74},[20,93614,93615],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[415,93617,26610,93619],{"id":93618},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,93620,93621],{},"step = 0",[20,93623,78543],{},[51,93625,93627],{"className":53,"code":93626,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,93628,93629],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93630,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93632,60979],{"class":142},[60,93634,130],{"class":74},[60,93636,1432],{"class":1402},[60,93638,88],{"class":74},[60,93640,7005],{"class":1402},[60,93642,88],{"class":74},[60,93644,4843],{"class":1402},[60,93646,136],{"class":74},[20,93648,93649],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[415,93651,5706,93653,93655],{"id":93652},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,93654,37186],{}," is not a list",[20,93657,93658],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[51,93660,93662],{"className":53,"code":93661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\n",[15,93663,93664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93665,93666,93668,93670,93672,93674,93676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93667,143],{"class":142},[60,93669,130],{"class":74},[60,93671,60979],{"class":142},[60,93673,130],{"class":74},[60,93675,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93677,1042],{"class":74},[20,93679,153],{},[51,93681,93683],{"className":53,"code":93682,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,93684,93685],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93686,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93688,60979],{"class":142},[60,93690,130],{"class":74},[60,93692,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93694,88],{"class":74},[60,93696,5606],{"class":1402},[60,93698,136],{"class":74},[20,93700,93701],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[51,93703,93704],{"className":53,"code":92018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93705,93706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93707,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720,93722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93709,143],{"class":142},[60,93711,130],{"class":74},[60,93713,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93715,130],{"class":74},[60,93717,60979],{"class":142},[60,93719,130],{"class":74},[60,93721,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93723,1992],{"class":74},[20,93725,153],{},[51,93727,93728],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,93729,93730],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93731,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93733,353],{"class":74},[60,93735,3137],{"class":1402},[60,93737,88],{"class":74},[60,93739,6499],{"class":1402},[60,93741,88],{"class":74},[60,93743,1437],{"class":1402},[60,93745,88],{"class":74},[60,93747,1442],{"class":1402},[60,93749,88],{"class":74},[60,93751,3471],{"class":1402},[60,93753,108],{"class":74},[46,93755,93757],{"id":93756},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,93759,2580,93760,83313],{},[15,93761,37186],{},[51,93763,93765],{"className":53,"code":93764,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,93766,93767,93781,93799,93821,93849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,93768,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,93770,143],{"class":142},[60,93772,130],{"class":74},[60,93774,60979],{"class":142},[60,93776,130],{"class":74},[60,93778,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93780,1042],{"class":74},[60,93782,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,93784,143],{"class":142},[60,93786,130],{"class":74},[60,93788,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93790,130],{"class":74},[60,93792,60979],{"class":142},[60,93794,130],{"class":74},[60,93796,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93798,1992],{"class":74},[60,93800,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,93802,143],{"class":142},[60,93804,130],{"class":74},[60,93806,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93808,130],{"class":74},[60,93810,60979],{"class":142},[60,93812,130],{"class":74},[60,93814,1925],{"class":1402},[60,93816,88],{"class":74},[60,93818,7358],{"class":1402},[60,93820,1992],{"class":74},[60,93822,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,93824,143],{"class":142},[60,93826,130],{"class":74},[60,93828,9089],{"class":1527},[60,93830,130],{"class":74},[60,93832,60979],{"class":142},[60,93834,130],{"class":74},[60,93836,1345],{"class":1402},[60,93838,88],{"class":74},[60,93840,4843],{"class":1402},[60,93842,88],{"class":74},[60,93844,3238],{"class":70},[60,93846,1925],{"class":1402},[60,93848,1992],{"class":74},[60,93850,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,93852,143],{"class":142},[60,93854,130],{"class":74},[60,93856,2629],{"class":1527},[60,93858,130],{"class":74},[60,93860,60979],{"class":142},[60,93862,130],{"class":74},[60,93864,3154],{"class":1402},[60,93866,1992],{"class":74},[20,93868,27001],{},[33,93870,93871,93874,93877],{},[36,93872,93873],{},"what values are being created",[36,93875,93876],{},"whether the direction is correct",[36,93878,93879,93880,25610],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93881,60979],{},[46,93883,2804],{"id":2803},[415,93885,2808,93887,93889],{"id":93886},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93888,37186],{}," include the last number?",[20,93891,93892],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[415,93894,6158,93896,93898,93899,2863],{"id":93895},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93897,91825],{}," start at ",[15,93900,3137],{},[20,93902,93903,93904,123],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93905,3137],{},[415,93907,6170,93909,93911],{"id":93908},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93910,37186],{}," count backward?",[20,93913,93914,93915,123],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93916,93917],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[415,93919,15896,93921,27036],{"id":93920},"is-range-a-list",[15,93922,37186],{},[20,93924,27039,93925,93927,93928,24931],{},[15,93926,60979],{}," object. Use ",[15,93929,93930],{},"list(range(...))",[415,93932,6158,93934,49665],{"id":93933},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93935,93936],{},"range(input())",[20,93938,93939,4497,93941,123],{},[15,93940,3974],{},[15,93942,93943],{},"int(input())",[46,93945,2870],{"id":2869},[33,93947,93948,93952,93958,93964,93970],{},[36,93949,93950],{},[551,93951,37018],{"href":37017},[36,93953,93954],{},[551,93955,163,93956,1579],{"href":43343},[15,93957,43346],{},[36,93959,93960],{},[551,93961,163,93962,1579],{"href":92994},[15,93963,36743],{},[36,93965,93966],{},[551,93967,38506,93968,37597],{"href":37593},[15,93969,36743],{},[36,93971,93972],{},[551,93973,51503,93974],{"href":51502},[15,93975,51506],{},[2912,93977,93978],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":93980},[93981,93982,93984,93990,93998,94005,94007,94019,94020,94032],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":91834,"depth":111,"text":93983},"What range() does",{"id":91927,"depth":111,"text":93985,"children":93986},"range() syntax",[93987,93988,93989],{"id":92007,"depth":139,"text":92010},{"id":92071,"depth":139,"text":92074},{"id":92139,"depth":139,"text":92142},{"id":92210,"depth":111,"text":92211,"children":93991},[93992,93993,93994,93995,93996],{"id":92217,"depth":139,"text":91825},{"id":92280,"depth":139,"text":92283},{"id":92344,"depth":139,"text":92347},{"id":92420,"depth":139,"text":92421},{"id":77787,"depth":139,"text":93997},"step cannot be 0",{"id":92579,"depth":111,"text":93999,"children":94000},"Using range() in a for loop",[94001,94002,94003],{"id":92681,"depth":139,"text":92682},{"id":92726,"depth":139,"text":92727},{"id":92806,"depth":139,"text":94004},"range() and indexing",{"id":93081,"depth":111,"text":94006},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":94008},[94009,94010,94012,94013,94015,94017],{"id":93264,"depth":139,"text":93265},{"id":93360,"depth":139,"text":94011},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":93426,"depth":139,"text":93427},{"id":93561,"depth":139,"text":94014},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":93618,"depth":139,"text":94016},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":93652,"depth":139,"text":94018},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":93756,"depth":111,"text":93757},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":94021},[94022,94024,94026,94028,94030],{"id":93886,"depth":139,"text":94023},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93895,"depth":139,"text":94025},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93908,"depth":139,"text":94027},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93920,"depth":139,"text":94029},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93933,"depth":139,"text":94031},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":91728,"description":94033},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":94040,"title":94041,"body":94042,"description":95714,"extension":2980,"meta":95715,"navigation":304,"path":95716,"seo":95717,"stem":95718,"__hash__":95719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":94043,"toc":95687},[94044,94053,94060,94077,94093,94095,94144,94152,94156,94159,94179,94181,94245,94247,94290,94293,94339,94341,94374,94384,94390,94398,94415,94417,94448,94450,94475,94480,94491,94494,94564,94566,94597,94602,94607,94624,94626,94677,94679,94712,94715,94722,94727,94731,94747,94749,94793,94795,94841,94844,94857,94862,94866,94880,94882,94933,94935,94968,94973,94975,94982,94984,95007,95009,95074,95076,95093,95096,95129,95131,95159,95169,95176,95180,95183,95201,95204,95232,95235,95253,95258,95264,95267,95289,95291,95319,95321,95324,95349,95351,95464,95466,95545,95547,95553,95558,95566,95574,95578,95581,95583,95616,95618,95626,95632,95639,95646,95649,95651,95684],[10,94045,163,94047,11583,94049,94052],{"id":94046},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,94048,37186],{},[15,94050,94051],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,94054,94055,2360,94057,94059],{},[15,94056,37186],{},[15,94058,94051],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[33,94061,94062,94070],{},[36,94063,94064,94066,94067],{},[15,94065,37186],{}," creates a ",[4753,94068,94069],{},"range object",[36,94071,94072,94066,94074],{},[15,94073,94051],{},[4753,94075,94076],{},"real list",[20,94078,94079,94080,94082,94083,94086,94087,94089,94090,94092],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,94081,91825],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,94084,94085],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,94088,37186],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,94091,94051],{}," when you actually need a list.",[46,94094,49],{"id":48},[51,94096,94098],{"className":53,"code":94097,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,94099,94100,94114,94127],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94103,4629],{"class":66},[60,94105,71],{"class":70},[60,94107,55050],{"class":142},[60,94109,130],{"class":74},[60,94111,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94113,136],{"class":74},[60,94115,94116,94118,94120,94122,94124],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94117,143],{"class":142},[60,94119,130],{"class":74},[60,94121,4659],{"class":126},[60,94123,2662],{"class":74},[60,94125,94126],{"class":4674},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[60,94128,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94130,143],{"class":142},[60,94132,130],{"class":74},[60,94134,9089],{"class":1527},[60,94136,130],{"class":74},[60,94138,4659],{"class":126},[60,94140,6362],{"class":74},[60,94142,94143],{"class":4674},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,94145,171,94146,94148,94149,94151],{},[15,94147,37186],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,94150,94051],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[46,94153,94155],{"id":94154},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,94157,94158],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[33,94160,94161,94168,94173,94176],{},[36,94162,94163,22970,94165,94167],{},[15,94164,37186],{},[4753,94166,94069],{},", not a list",[36,94169,94170,94172],{},[15,94171,94051],{}," converts that range object into a list",[36,94174,94175],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[36,94177,94178],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,94180,236],{},[51,94182,94184],{"className":53,"code":94183,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,94185,94186,94201,94220,94224,94234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94187,94188,94191,94193,94195,94197,94199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94189,94190],{"class":66},"r ",[60,94192,71],{"class":70},[60,94194,55050],{"class":142},[60,94196,130],{"class":74},[60,94198,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94200,136],{"class":74},[60,94202,94203,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94204,94205],{"class":66},"lst ",[60,94207,71],{"class":70},[60,94209,23553],{"class":1527},[60,94211,130],{"class":74},[60,94213,60979],{"class":142},[60,94215,130],{"class":74},[60,94217,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94219,1042],{"class":74},[60,94221,94222],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94223,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,94225,94226,94228,94230,94232],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94227,143],{"class":142},[60,94229,130],{"class":74},[60,94231,61484],{"class":126},[60,94233,136],{"class":74},[60,94235,94236,94238,94240,94243],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,94237,143],{"class":142},[60,94239,130],{"class":74},[60,94241,94242],{"class":126},"lst",[60,94244,136],{"class":74},[20,94246,153],{},[51,94248,94250],{"className":53,"code":94249,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,94251,94252,94266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94253,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94255,60979],{"class":142},[60,94257,130],{"class":74},[60,94259,3137],{"class":1402},[60,94261,88],{"class":74},[60,94263,5606],{"class":1402},[60,94265,136],{"class":74},[60,94267,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94269,353],{"class":74},[60,94271,3137],{"class":1402},[60,94273,88],{"class":74},[60,94275,6499],{"class":1402},[60,94277,88],{"class":74},[60,94279,1437],{"class":1402},[60,94281,88],{"class":74},[60,94283,1442],{"class":1402},[60,94285,88],{"class":74},[60,94287,3471],{"class":1402},[60,94289,108],{"class":74},[20,94291,94292],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[51,94294,94296],{"className":53,"code":94295,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,94297,94298,94316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94299,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94301,143],{"class":142},[60,94303,130],{"class":74},[60,94305,2629],{"class":1527},[60,94307,130],{"class":74},[60,94309,60979],{"class":142},[60,94311,130],{"class":74},[60,94313,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94315,1992],{"class":74},[60,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94319,143],{"class":142},[60,94321,130],{"class":74},[60,94323,2629],{"class":1527},[60,94325,130],{"class":74},[60,94327,9089],{"class":1527},[60,94329,130],{"class":74},[60,94331,60979],{"class":142},[60,94333,130],{"class":74},[60,94335,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94337,94338],{"class":74},"))))\n",[20,94340,153],{},[51,94342,94344],{"className":53,"code":94343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,94345,94346,94360],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94347,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356,94358],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94349,4304],{"class":70},[60,94351,4307],{"class":3082},[60,94353,365],{"class":78},[60,94355,60979],{"class":82},[60,94357,356],{"class":78},[60,94359,4316],{"class":70},[60,94361,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94363,4304],{"class":70},[60,94365,4307],{"class":3082},[60,94367,365],{"class":78},[60,94369,9089],{"class":82},[60,94371,356],{"class":78},[60,94373,4316],{"class":70},[20,94375,94376,94377,94379,94380,123],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,94378,37186],{}," works, see ",[551,94381,163,94382,1579],{"href":94035},[15,94383,37186],{},[46,94385,178,94387,94389],{"id":94386},"what-range-gives-you",[15,94388,37186],{}," gives you",[20,94391,94392,94394,94395,94397],{},[15,94393,37186],{}," is most often used in ",[15,94396,6960],{}," loops.",[33,94399,94400,94403,94406,94409],{},[36,94401,94402],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[36,94404,94405],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[36,94407,94408],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[36,94410,94411,94412],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,94413,94414],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,94416,236],{},[51,94418,94420],{"className":53,"code":94419,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,94421,94422,94438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94423,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432,94434,94436],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94425,6960],{"class":2665},[60,94427,70523],{"class":66},[60,94429,2672],{"class":2665},[60,94431,55050],{"class":142},[60,94433,130],{"class":74},[60,94435,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94437,9337],{"class":74},[60,94439,94440,94442,94444,94446],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94441,9064],{"class":142},[60,94443,130],{"class":74},[60,94445,37142],{"class":126},[60,94447,136],{"class":74},[20,94449,153],{},[51,94451,94453],{"className":53,"code":94452,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,94454,94455,94459,94463,94467,94471],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94456,94457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94458,48234],{"class":1402},[60,94460,94461],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94462,47899],{"class":1402},[60,94464,94465],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94466,18050],{"class":1402},[60,94468,94469],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94470,47599],{"class":1402},[60,94472,94473],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,94474,49631],{"class":1402},[20,94476,21765,94477,94479],{},[15,94478,91825],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,94481,94482,94483,94485,94486,123],{},"This is one reason ",[15,94484,37186],{}," is so common with ",[551,94487,163,94489,91856],{"href":94488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,94490,6960],{},[20,94492,94493],{},"You can also inspect it:",[51,94495,94497],{"className":53,"code":94496,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,94498,94499,94521,94525,94535,94549],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94500,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513,94515,94517,94519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94502,94190],{"class":66},[60,94504,71],{"class":70},[60,94506,55050],{"class":142},[60,94508,130],{"class":74},[60,94510,1925],{"class":1402},[60,94512,88],{"class":74},[60,94514,7005],{"class":1402},[60,94516,88],{"class":74},[60,94518,1437],{"class":1402},[60,94520,136],{"class":74},[60,94522,94523],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94524,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,94526,94527,94529,94531,94533],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94528,143],{"class":142},[60,94530,130],{"class":74},[60,94532,61484],{"class":126},[60,94534,136],{"class":74},[60,94536,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94538,143],{"class":142},[60,94540,130],{"class":74},[60,94542,12157],{"class":142},[60,94544,130],{"class":74},[60,94546,61484],{"class":126},[60,94548,1042],{"class":74},[60,94550,94551,94553,94555,94557,94559,94562],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,94552,143],{"class":142},[60,94554,130],{"class":74},[60,94556,81567],{"class":1402},[60,94558,22168],{"class":2665},[60,94560,94561],{"class":126}," r",[60,94563,136],{"class":74},[20,94565,153],{},[51,94567,94569],{"className":53,"code":94568,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,94570,94571,94589,94593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94572,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94574,60979],{"class":142},[60,94576,130],{"class":74},[60,94578,1925],{"class":1402},[60,94580,88],{"class":74},[60,94582,7005],{"class":1402},[60,94584,88],{"class":74},[60,94586,1437],{"class":1402},[60,94588,136],{"class":74},[60,94590,94591],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94592,49631],{"class":1402},[60,94594,94595],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94596,4983],{"class":1611},[46,94598,178,94600,94389],{"id":94599},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,94601,94051],{},[20,94603,94604,94606],{},[15,94605,94051],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[33,94608,94609,94612,94615,94618],{},[36,94610,94611],{},"It creates all values at once",[36,94613,94614],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[36,94616,94617],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[36,94619,94620,94621,94623],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,94622,37186],{}," for very large sequences",[20,94625,236],{},[51,94627,94629],{"className":53,"code":94628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,94630,94631,94649,94653,94663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94632,94633,94635,94637,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94634,4629],{"class":66},[60,94636,71],{"class":70},[60,94638,23553],{"class":1527},[60,94640,130],{"class":74},[60,94642,60979],{"class":142},[60,94644,130],{"class":74},[60,94646,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94648,1042],{"class":74},[60,94650,94651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94652,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,94654,94655,94657,94659,94661],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94656,143],{"class":142},[60,94658,130],{"class":74},[60,94660,4659],{"class":126},[60,94662,136],{"class":74},[60,94664,94665,94667,94669,94671,94673,94675],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94666,143],{"class":142},[60,94668,130],{"class":74},[60,94670,4659],{"class":126},[60,94672,353],{"class":74},[60,94674,1925],{"class":1402},[60,94676,2677],{"class":74},[20,94678,153],{},[51,94680,94682],{"className":53,"code":94681,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,94683,94684,94708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94685,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698,94700,94702,94704,94706],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94687,353],{"class":74},[60,94689,3137],{"class":1402},[60,94691,88],{"class":74},[60,94693,6499],{"class":1402},[60,94695,88],{"class":74},[60,94697,1437],{"class":1402},[60,94699,88],{"class":74},[60,94701,1442],{"class":1402},[60,94703,88],{"class":74},[60,94705,3471],{"class":1402},[60,94707,108],{"class":74},[60,94709,94710],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94711,18050],{"class":1402},[20,94713,94714],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,94716,94717,94718,123],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[551,94719,163,94720,1579],{"href":65822},[15,94721,25774],{},[46,94723,5963,94725],{"id":94724},"when-to-use-range",[15,94726,37186],{},[20,94728,171,94729,11598],{},[15,94730,37186],{},[33,94732,94733,94738,94741,94744],{},[36,94734,94735,94736,92585],{},"You are writing a ",[15,94737,6960],{},[36,94739,94740],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[36,94742,94743],{},"You are working with large sequences",[36,94745,94746],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,94748,236],{},[51,94750,94752],{"className":53,"code":94751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,94753,94754,94774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94755,94756,94758,94760,94762,94764,94766,94768,94770,94772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94757,6960],{"class":2665},[60,94759,70523],{"class":66},[60,94761,2672],{"class":2665},[60,94763,55050],{"class":142},[60,94765,130],{"class":74},[60,94767,1432],{"class":1402},[60,94769,88],{"class":74},[60,94771,38631],{"class":1402},[60,94773,9337],{"class":74},[60,94775,94776,94778,94780,94782,94785,94787,94789,94791],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94777,9064],{"class":142},[60,94779,130],{"class":74},[60,94781,79],{"class":78},[60,94783,94784],{"class":82},"Count:",[60,94786,79],{"class":78},[60,94788,88],{"class":74},[60,94790,37118],{"class":126},[60,94792,136],{"class":74},[20,94794,153],{},[51,94796,94798],{"className":53,"code":94797,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,94799,94800,94809,94817,94825,94833],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94801,94802,94805,94807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94803,94804],{"class":66},"Count",[60,94806,3901],{"class":74},[60,94808,30608],{"class":1402},[60,94810,94811,94813,94815],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94812,94804],{"class":66},[60,94814,3901],{"class":74},[60,94816,46571],{"class":1402},[60,94818,94819,94821,94823],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94820,94804],{"class":66},[60,94822,3901],{"class":74},[60,94824,1569],{"class":1402},[60,94826,94827,94829,94831],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94828,94804],{"class":66},[60,94830,3901],{"class":74},[60,94832,24656],{"class":1402},[60,94834,94835,94837,94839],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,94836,94804],{"class":66},[60,94838,3901],{"class":74},[60,94840,35836],{"class":1402},[20,94842,94843],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,94845,94846,94847,94849,94850,63264,94852,123],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,94848,36743],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,94851,37587],{},[551,94853,37594,94855,37597],{"href":94854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94856,36743],{},[46,94858,5963,94860],{"id":94859},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94861,94051],{},[20,94863,171,94864,11598],{},[15,94865,94051],{},[33,94867,94868,94871,94874,94877],{},[36,94869,94870],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[36,94872,94873],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[36,94875,94876],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[36,94878,94879],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94881,236],{},[51,94883,94885],{"className":53,"code":94884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94886,94887,94905,94919,94923],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94888,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897,94899,94901,94903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94890,4629],{"class":66},[60,94892,71],{"class":70},[60,94894,23553],{"class":1527},[60,94896,130],{"class":74},[60,94898,60979],{"class":142},[60,94900,130],{"class":74},[60,94902,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94904,1042],{"class":74},[60,94906,94907,94909,94911,94913,94915,94917],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,94908,4659],{"class":66},[60,94910,123],{"class":74},[60,94912,14545],{"class":126},[60,94914,130],{"class":74},[60,94916,3154],{"class":1402},[60,94918,136],{"class":74},[60,94920,94921],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,94922,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,94924,94925,94927,94929,94931],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,94926,143],{"class":142},[60,94928,130],{"class":74},[60,94930,4659],{"class":126},[60,94932,136],{"class":74},[20,94934,153],{},[51,94936,94938],{"className":53,"code":94937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94939,94940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,94941,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,94943,353],{"class":74},[60,94945,3137],{"class":1402},[60,94947,88],{"class":74},[60,94949,6499],{"class":1402},[60,94951,88],{"class":74},[60,94953,1437],{"class":1402},[60,94955,88],{"class":74},[60,94957,1442],{"class":1402},[60,94959,88],{"class":74},[60,94961,3471],{"class":1402},[60,94963,88],{"class":74},[60,94965,5606],{"class":1402},[60,94967,108],{"class":74},[20,94969,7061,94970,94972],{},[15,94971,4659],{}," is a list.",[46,94974,16590],{"id":16589},[20,94976,94977,94979,94980,123],{},[15,94978,37186],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[4753,94981,38585],{},[20,94983,3124],{},[33,94985,94986,94988,94993,94998,95001],{},[36,94987,22980],{},[36,94989,94990,94991],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94992,43346],{},[36,94994,94995,94996],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94997,2672],{},[36,94999,95000],{},"You can index it",[36,95002,95003,95004,95006],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,95005,53632],{}," do not work on it",[20,95008,236],{},[51,95010,95012],{"className":53,"code":95011,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,95013,95014,95028,95032,95046,95060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95015,95016,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95017,94190],{"class":66},[60,95019,71],{"class":70},[60,95021,55050],{"class":142},[60,95023,130],{"class":74},[60,95025,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95027,136],{"class":74},[60,95029,95030],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95031,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,95033,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95035,143],{"class":142},[60,95037,130],{"class":74},[60,95039,61484],{"class":126},[60,95041,353],{"class":74},[60,95043,1925],{"class":1402},[60,95045,2677],{"class":74},[60,95047,95048,95050,95052,95054,95056,95058],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,95049,143],{"class":142},[60,95051,130],{"class":74},[60,95053,12157],{"class":142},[60,95055,130],{"class":74},[60,95057,61484],{"class":126},[60,95059,1042],{"class":74},[60,95061,95062,95064,95066,95068,95070,95072],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,95063,143],{"class":142},[60,95065,130],{"class":74},[60,95067,3079],{"class":1402},[60,95069,22168],{"class":2665},[60,95071,94561],{"class":126},[60,95073,136],{"class":74},[20,95075,153],{},[51,95077,95079],{"className":53,"code":95078,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,95080,95081,95085,95089],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95082,95083],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95084,18050],{"class":1402},[60,95086,95087],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95088,3963],{"class":1402},[60,95090,95091],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95092,4983],{"class":1611},[20,95094,95095],{},"Now compare that with this:",[51,95097,95099],{"className":53,"code":95098,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,95100,95101,95115],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95104,94190],{"class":66},[60,95106,71],{"class":70},[60,95108,55050],{"class":142},[60,95110,130],{"class":74},[60,95112,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95114,136],{"class":74},[60,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95118,61484],{"class":66},[60,95120,123],{"class":74},[60,95122,14545],{"class":126},[60,95124,130],{"class":74},[60,95126,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95128,136],{"class":74},[20,95130,153],{},[51,95132,95134],{"className":53,"code":95133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,95135,95136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95137,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148,95150,95153,95155,95157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95139,26665],{"class":1527},[60,95141,3901],{"class":74},[60,95143,365],{"class":78},[60,95145,60979],{"class":82},[60,95147,356],{"class":78},[60,95149,25610],{"class":1527},[60,95151,95152],{"class":66}," has no attribute ",[60,95154,356],{"class":78},[60,95156,14545],{"class":82},[60,95158,30693],{"class":78},[20,95160,95161,95162,287,95164,432,95166,95168],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,95163,53632],{},[15,95165,56509],{},[15,95167,65286],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,95170,95171,95172,123],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[551,95173,1999,95174],{"href":36413},[15,95175,35249],{},[46,95177,95179],{"id":95178},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,95181,95182],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[51,95184,95185],{"className":53,"code":93661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95186,95187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95188,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197,95199],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95190,143],{"class":142},[60,95192,130],{"class":74},[60,95194,60979],{"class":142},[60,95196,130],{"class":74},[60,95198,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95200,1042],{"class":74},[20,95202,95203],{},"to show:",[51,95205,95206],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95207,95208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95209,95210,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95211,353],{"class":74},[60,95213,3137],{"class":1402},[60,95215,88],{"class":74},[60,95217,6499],{"class":1402},[60,95219,88],{"class":74},[60,95221,1437],{"class":1402},[60,95223,88],{"class":74},[60,95225,1442],{"class":1402},[60,95227,88],{"class":74},[60,95229,3471],{"class":1402},[60,95231,108],{"class":74},[20,95233,95234],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[51,95236,95237],{"className":53,"code":93682,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95238,95239],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95242,60979],{"class":142},[60,95244,130],{"class":74},[60,95246,3137],{"class":1402},[60,95248,88],{"class":74},[60,95250,5606],{"class":1402},[60,95252,136],{"class":74},[20,95254,5629,95255,95257],{},[4753,95256,5632],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,95259,95260,95261,95263],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[4753,95262,94069],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,95265,95266],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[51,95268,95269],{"className":53,"code":92018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95270,95271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95274,143],{"class":142},[60,95276,130],{"class":74},[60,95278,9089],{"class":1527},[60,95280,130],{"class":74},[60,95282,60979],{"class":142},[60,95284,130],{"class":74},[60,95286,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95288,1992],{"class":74},[20,95290,153],{},[51,95292,95293],{"className":53,"code":61002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95294,95295],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95296,95297,95299,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315,95317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95298,353],{"class":74},[60,95300,3137],{"class":1402},[60,95302,88],{"class":74},[60,95304,6499],{"class":1402},[60,95306,88],{"class":74},[60,95308,1437],{"class":1402},[60,95310,88],{"class":74},[60,95312,1442],{"class":1402},[60,95314,88],{"class":74},[60,95316,3471],{"class":1402},[60,95318,108],{"class":74},[46,95320,3845],{"id":3844},[20,95322,95323],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[33,95325,95326,95332,95335,95341],{},[36,95327,9413,95328,95331],{},[15,95329,95330],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[36,95333,95334],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[36,95336,95337,95338,95340],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,95339,37186],{}," is iterable but not a list",[36,95342,9413,95343,95345,95346,95348],{},[15,95344,94051],{}," when plain ",[15,95347,37186],{}," would be simpler",[20,95350,2615],{},[51,95352,95354],{"className":53,"code":95353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,95355,95356,95370,95388,95406,95428,95446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95357,95358,95360,95362,95364,95366,95368],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95359,143],{"class":142},[60,95361,130],{"class":74},[60,95363,60979],{"class":142},[60,95365,130],{"class":74},[60,95367,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95369,1042],{"class":74},[60,95371,95372,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384,95386],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95373,143],{"class":142},[60,95375,130],{"class":74},[60,95377,9089],{"class":1527},[60,95379,130],{"class":74},[60,95381,60979],{"class":142},[60,95383,130],{"class":74},[60,95385,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95387,1992],{"class":74},[60,95389,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402,95404],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95391,143],{"class":142},[60,95393,130],{"class":74},[60,95395,2629],{"class":1527},[60,95397,130],{"class":74},[60,95399,60979],{"class":142},[60,95401,130],{"class":74},[60,95403,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95405,1992],{"class":74},[60,95407,95408,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,95409,143],{"class":142},[60,95411,130],{"class":74},[60,95413,2629],{"class":1527},[60,95415,130],{"class":74},[60,95417,9089],{"class":1527},[60,95419,130],{"class":74},[60,95421,60979],{"class":142},[60,95423,130],{"class":74},[60,95425,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95427,94338],{"class":74},[60,95429,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,95431,143],{"class":142},[60,95433,130],{"class":74},[60,95435,3079],{"class":1402},[60,95437,22168],{"class":2665},[60,95439,55050],{"class":142},[60,95441,130],{"class":74},[60,95443,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95445,1042],{"class":74},[60,95447,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456,95458,95460,95462],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,95449,143],{"class":142},[60,95451,130],{"class":74},[60,95453,12157],{"class":142},[60,95455,130],{"class":74},[60,95457,60979],{"class":142},[60,95459,130],{"class":74},[60,95461,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95463,1992],{"class":74},[20,95465,153],{},[51,95467,95469],{"className":53,"code":95468,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,95470,95471,95485,95509,95523,95537,95541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95472,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481,95483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95474,60979],{"class":142},[60,95476,130],{"class":74},[60,95478,3137],{"class":1402},[60,95480,88],{"class":74},[60,95482,5606],{"class":1402},[60,95484,136],{"class":74},[60,95486,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503,95505,95507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95488,353],{"class":74},[60,95490,3137],{"class":1402},[60,95492,88],{"class":74},[60,95494,6499],{"class":1402},[60,95496,88],{"class":74},[60,95498,1437],{"class":1402},[60,95500,88],{"class":74},[60,95502,1442],{"class":1402},[60,95504,88],{"class":74},[60,95506,3471],{"class":1402},[60,95508,108],{"class":74},[60,95510,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519,95521],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95512,4304],{"class":70},[60,95514,4307],{"class":3082},[60,95516,365],{"class":78},[60,95518,60979],{"class":82},[60,95520,356],{"class":78},[60,95522,4316],{"class":70},[60,95524,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533,95535],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,95526,4304],{"class":70},[60,95528,4307],{"class":3082},[60,95530,365],{"class":78},[60,95532,9089],{"class":82},[60,95534,356],{"class":78},[60,95536,4316],{"class":70},[60,95538,95539],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,95540,4983],{"class":1611},[60,95542,95543],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,95544,3963],{"class":1402},[46,95546,2804],{"id":2803},[415,95548,15896,95550,95552],{"id":95549},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,95551,37186],{}," a list in Python?",[20,95554,47347,95555,95557],{},[15,95556,37186],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[415,95559,95561,95562,2600,95564,2863],{"id":95560},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,95563,37186],{},[15,95565,94051],{},[20,95567,95568,95570,95571,95573],{},[15,95569,37186],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,95572,94051],{}," creates a full list.",[415,95575,95577],{"id":95576},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,95579,95580],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,95582,236],{},[51,95584,95586],{"className":53,"code":95585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,95587,95588,95602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95589,95590,95592,95594,95596,95598,95600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95591,94190],{"class":66},[60,95593,71],{"class":70},[60,95595,55050],{"class":142},[60,95597,130],{"class":74},[60,95599,3154],{"class":1402},[60,95601,136],{"class":74},[60,95603,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612,95614],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95605,143],{"class":142},[60,95607,130],{"class":74},[60,95609,61484],{"class":126},[60,95611,353],{"class":74},[60,95613,1432],{"class":1402},[60,95615,2677],{"class":74},[20,95617,153],{},[51,95619,95620],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,95621,95622],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95623,95624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95625,47899],{"class":1402},[415,95627,6158,95629,95631],{"id":95628},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,95630,95330],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,95633,95634,95635,95638],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,95636,95637],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[415,95640,95642,95643,95645],{"id":95641},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,95644,37186],{}," to a list?",[20,95647,95648],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[46,95650,2870],{"id":2869},[33,95652,95653,95659,95665,95672,95678],{},[36,95654,95655],{},[551,95656,163,95657,1579],{"href":94035},[15,95658,37186],{},[36,95660,95661],{},[551,95662,163,95663,1579],{"href":65822},[15,95664,25774],{},[36,95666,95667],{},[551,95668,163,95669,95671],{"href":94488},[15,95670,6960],{}," loops explained",[36,95673,95674],{},[551,95675,38506,95676,37597],{"href":94854},[15,95677,36743],{},[36,95679,95680],{},[551,95681,27115,95682],{"href":36413},[15,95683,35249],{},[2912,95685,95686],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":95688},[95689,95690,95691,95693,95695,95697,95699,95700,95701,95702,95713],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":94154,"depth":111,"text":94155},{"id":94386,"depth":111,"text":95692},"What range() gives you",{"id":94599,"depth":111,"text":95694},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":94724,"depth":111,"text":95696},"When to use range()",{"id":94859,"depth":111,"text":95698},"When to use list(range())",{"id":16589,"depth":111,"text":16590},{"id":95178,"depth":111,"text":95179},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":95703},[95704,95706,95708,95709,95711],{"id":95549,"depth":139,"text":95705},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":95560,"depth":139,"text":95707},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":95576,"depth":139,"text":95577},{"id":95628,"depth":139,"text":95710},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":95641,"depth":139,"text":95712},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":94041,"description":95714},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":95721,"title":95722,"body":95723,"description":97159,"extension":2980,"meta":97160,"navigation":304,"path":97161,"seo":97162,"stem":97163,"__hash__":97164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":95724,"toc":97125},[95725,95731,95736,95739,95753,95756,95758,95797,95799,95812,95820,95825,95841,95844,95846,95848,95869,95886,95889,95948,95950,95969,95974,95980,95983,96017,96019,96032,96035,96080,96082,96105,96112,96118,96121,96162,96164,96178,96181,96239,96241,96256,96269,96275,96281,96346,96348,96367,96369,96387,96390,96394,96400,96402,96435,96437,96450,96460,96463,96524,96526,96547,96550,96552,96568,96573,96577,96582,96587,96643,96645,96663,96666,96711,96713,96721,96726,96730,96744,96746,96778,96780,96789,96791,96795,96804,96807,96839,96841,96853,96856,96860,96865,96906,96908,96916,96919,96942,96946,96948,96957,96960,97013,97015,97024,97028,97033,97044,97046,97055,97058,97064,97067,97073,97083,97091,97098,97100,97122],[10,95726,163,95728,4591],{"id":95727},"python-round-function-explained",[15,95729,95730],{},"round()",[20,95732,10120,95733,95735],{},[15,95734,95730],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,95737,95738],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[33,95740,95741,95747],{},[36,95742,95743,95746],{},[15,95744,95745],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[36,95748,95749,95752],{},[15,95750,95751],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95754,95755],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[46,95757,3022],{"id":3021},[51,95759,95761],{"className":53,"code":95760,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,95762,95763,95779],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95764,95765,95767,95769,95772,95774,95777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95766,143],{"class":142},[60,95768,130],{"class":74},[60,95770,95771],{"class":142},"round",[60,95773,130],{"class":74},[60,95775,95776],{"class":1402},"3.14159",[60,95778,1042],{"class":74},[60,95780,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95782,143],{"class":142},[60,95784,130],{"class":74},[60,95786,95771],{"class":142},[60,95788,130],{"class":74},[60,95790,95776],{"class":1402},[60,95792,88],{"class":74},[60,95794,1437],{"class":1402},[60,95796,1042],{"class":74},[20,95798,153],{},[51,95800,95802],{"className":53,"code":95801,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n3.14\n",[15,95803,95804,95808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95805,95806],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95807,47599],{"class":1402},[60,95809,95810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95811,41163],{"class":1402},[20,95813,171,95814,95816,95817,95819],{},[15,95815,95745],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,95818,95751],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[46,95821,178,95823,181],{"id":95822},"what-round-does",[15,95824,95730],{},[33,95826,95827,95832,95835,95838],{},[36,95828,95829,95831],{},[15,95830,95730],{}," is a built-in Python function",[36,95833,95834],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[36,95836,95837],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[36,95839,95840],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,95842,95843],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[46,95845,389],{"id":388},[20,95847,3177],{},[51,95849,95851],{"className":53,"code":95850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95852,95853],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95854,95855,95857,95859,95861,95864,95867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95856,95771],{"class":142},[60,95858,130],{"class":74},[60,95860,3255],{"class":126},[60,95862,95863],{"class":74},"[,",[60,95865,95866],{"class":126}," ndigits",[60,95868,2677],{"class":74},[33,95870,95871,95876,95881],{},[36,95872,95873,95875],{},[15,95874,3255],{}," is the value to round",[36,95877,95878,21033],{},[15,95879,95880],{},"ndigits",[36,95882,95883,95885],{},[15,95884,95880],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95887,95888],{},"Basic examples:",[51,95890,95892],{"className":53,"code":95891,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95893,95894,95909,95927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95895,95896,95898,95900,95902,95904,95907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95897,143],{"class":142},[60,95899,130],{"class":74},[60,95901,95771],{"class":142},[60,95903,130],{"class":74},[60,95905,95906],{"class":1402},"7.8",[60,95908,1042],{"class":74},[60,95910,95911,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95912,143],{"class":142},[60,95914,130],{"class":74},[60,95916,95771],{"class":142},[60,95918,130],{"class":74},[60,95920,95906],{"class":1402},[60,95922,88],{"class":74},[60,95924,6499],{"class":1402},[60,95926,1042],{"class":74},[60,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95940,95942,95944,95946],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95930,143],{"class":142},[60,95932,130],{"class":74},[60,95934,95771],{"class":142},[60,95936,130],{"class":74},[60,95938,95939],{"class":1402},"1234",[60,95941,88],{"class":74},[60,95943,3238],{"class":70},[60,95945,1925],{"class":1402},[60,95947,1042],{"class":74},[20,95949,153],{},[51,95951,95953],{"className":53,"code":95952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95954,95955,95959,95964],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95956,95957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95958,3396],{"class":1402},[60,95960,95961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,95962,95963],{"class":1402},"7.8\n",[60,95965,95966],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,95967,95968],{"class":1402},"1200\n",[20,95970,95971,95972,123],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[551,95973,3435],{"href":3434},[46,95975,9413,95977,95979],{"id":95976},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95978,95730],{}," with one argument",[20,95981,95982],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[51,95984,95986],{"className":53,"code":95985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95987,95988,96002],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,95989,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,95991,143],{"class":142},[60,95993,130],{"class":74},[60,95995,95771],{"class":142},[60,95997,130],{"class":74},[60,95999,3377],{"class":1402},[60,96001,1042],{"class":74},[60,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012,96015],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96005,143],{"class":142},[60,96007,130],{"class":74},[60,96009,95771],{"class":142},[60,96011,130],{"class":74},[60,96013,96014],{"class":1402},"4.8",[60,96016,1042],{"class":74},[20,96018,153],{},[51,96020,96022],{"className":53,"code":96021,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4\n5\n",[15,96023,96024,96028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96025,96026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96027,49631],{"class":1402},[60,96029,96030],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96031,3963],{"class":1402},[20,96033,96034],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[51,96036,96038],{"className":53,"code":96037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,96039,96040,96056,96066],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96041,96042,96044,96046,96049,96051,96054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96043,114],{"class":66},[60,96045,71],{"class":70},[60,96047,96048],{"class":142}," round",[60,96050,130],{"class":74},[60,96052,96053],{"class":1402},"10.2",[60,96055,136],{"class":74},[60,96057,96058,96060,96062,96064],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96059,143],{"class":142},[60,96061,130],{"class":74},[60,96063,148],{"class":126},[60,96065,136],{"class":74},[60,96067,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96069,143],{"class":142},[60,96071,130],{"class":74},[60,96073,2629],{"class":1527},[60,96075,130],{"class":74},[60,96077,148],{"class":126},[60,96079,1042],{"class":74},[20,96081,153],{},[51,96083,96085],{"className":53,"code":96084,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,96086,96087,96091],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96088,96089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96090,3391],{"class":1402},[60,96092,96093,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96094,4304],{"class":70},[60,96096,4307],{"class":3082},[60,96098,365],{"class":78},[60,96100,3206],{"class":82},[60,96102,356],{"class":78},[60,96104,4316],{"class":70},[20,96106,96107,96108,123],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[551,96109,163,96110,1579],{"href":3890},[15,96111,3893],{},[46,96113,9413,96115,96117],{"id":96114},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,96116,95730],{}," with decimal places",[20,96119,96120],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[51,96122,96124],{"className":53,"code":96123,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,96125,96126,96144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96127,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138,96140,96142],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96129,143],{"class":142},[60,96131,130],{"class":74},[60,96133,95771],{"class":142},[60,96135,130],{"class":74},[60,96137,95776],{"class":1402},[60,96139,88],{"class":74},[60,96141,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96143,1042],{"class":74},[60,96145,96146,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96147,143],{"class":142},[60,96149,130],{"class":74},[60,96151,95771],{"class":142},[60,96153,130],{"class":74},[60,96155,95776],{"class":1402},[60,96157,88],{"class":74},[60,96159,1442],{"class":1402},[60,96161,1042],{"class":74},[20,96163,153],{},[51,96165,96167],{"className":53,"code":96166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,96168,96169,96173],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96170,96171],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96172,41163],{"class":1402},[60,96174,96175],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96176,96177],{"class":1402},"3.142\n",[20,96179,96180],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[51,96182,96184],{"className":53,"code":96183,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,96185,96186,96195,96214,96218,96228],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96187,96188,96190,96192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96189,41373],{"class":66},[60,96191,71],{"class":70},[60,96193,96194],{"class":1402}," 19.9876\n",[60,96196,96197,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96198,96199],{"class":66},"rounded_price ",[60,96201,71],{"class":70},[60,96203,96048],{"class":142},[60,96205,130],{"class":74},[60,96207,26143],{"class":126},[60,96209,88],{"class":74},[60,96211,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96213,136],{"class":74},[60,96215,96216],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96217,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,96219,96220,96222,96224,96226],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96221,143],{"class":142},[60,96223,130],{"class":74},[60,96225,26143],{"class":126},[60,96227,136],{"class":74},[60,96229,96230,96232,96234,96237],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,96231,143],{"class":142},[60,96233,130],{"class":74},[60,96235,96236],{"class":126},"rounded_price",[60,96238,136],{"class":74},[20,96240,153],{},[51,96242,96244],{"className":53,"code":96243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,96245,96246,96251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96247,96248],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96249,96250],{"class":1402},"19.9876\n",[60,96252,96253],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96254,96255],{"class":1402},"19.99\n",[20,96257,96258,96259,96262,96263,3894,96265,123],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,96260,96261],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[551,96264,41878],{"href":41877},[551,96266,163,96267,1579],{"href":3897},[15,96268,3900],{},[46,96270,96272,96273],{"id":96271},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,96274,95880],{},[20,96276,96277,96278,96280],{},"A negative ",[15,96279,95880],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[51,96282,96284],{"className":53,"code":96283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,96285,96286,96306,96326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96287,96288,96290,96292,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96289,143],{"class":142},[60,96291,130],{"class":74},[60,96293,95771],{"class":142},[60,96295,130],{"class":74},[60,96297,95939],{"class":1402},[60,96299,88],{"class":74},[60,96301,3238],{"class":70},[60,96303,1432],{"class":1402},[60,96305,1042],{"class":74},[60,96307,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96309,143],{"class":142},[60,96311,130],{"class":74},[60,96313,95771],{"class":142},[60,96315,130],{"class":74},[60,96317,95939],{"class":1402},[60,96319,88],{"class":74},[60,96321,3238],{"class":70},[60,96323,1925],{"class":1402},[60,96325,1042],{"class":74},[60,96327,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340,96342,96344],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96329,143],{"class":142},[60,96331,130],{"class":74},[60,96333,95771],{"class":142},[60,96335,130],{"class":74},[60,96337,95939],{"class":1402},[60,96339,88],{"class":74},[60,96341,3238],{"class":70},[60,96343,3079],{"class":1402},[60,96345,1042],{"class":74},[20,96347,153],{},[51,96349,96351],{"className":53,"code":96350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,96352,96353,96358,96362],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96354,96355],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96356,96357],{"class":1402},"1230\n",[60,96359,96360],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96361,95968],{"class":1402},[60,96363,96364],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96365,96366],{"class":1402},"1000\n",[20,96368,66559],{},[33,96370,96371,96376,96382],{},[36,96372,96373,96375],{},[15,96374,66829],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[36,96377,96378,96381],{},[15,96379,96380],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[36,96383,96384,96386],{},[15,96385,48653],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,96388,96389],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[46,96391,96393],{"id":96392},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,96395,96396,96397,123],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,96398,96399],{},".5",[20,96401,6473],{},[51,96403,96405],{"className":53,"code":96404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,96406,96407,96421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96408,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96410,143],{"class":142},[60,96412,130],{"class":74},[60,96414,95771],{"class":142},[60,96416,130],{"class":74},[60,96418,42145],{"class":1402},[60,96420,1042],{"class":74},[60,96422,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96424,143],{"class":142},[60,96426,130],{"class":74},[60,96428,95771],{"class":142},[60,96430,130],{"class":74},[60,96432,3058],{"class":1402},[60,96434,1042],{"class":74},[20,96436,153],{},[51,96438,96440],{"className":53,"code":96439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n4\n",[15,96441,96442,96446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96443,96444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96445,18050],{"class":1402},[60,96447,96448],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96449,49631],{"class":1402},[20,96451,96452,96453,96456,96457,96459],{},"Python uses ",[4753,96454,96455],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,96458,96399],{}," situations.",[20,96461,96462],{},"More examples:",[51,96464,96466],{"className":53,"code":96465,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,96467,96468,96482,96496,96510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96471,143],{"class":142},[60,96473,130],{"class":74},[60,96475,95771],{"class":142},[60,96477,130],{"class":74},[60,96479,42158],{"class":1402},[60,96481,1042],{"class":74},[60,96483,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96485,143],{"class":142},[60,96487,130],{"class":74},[60,96489,95771],{"class":142},[60,96491,130],{"class":74},[60,96493,42145],{"class":1402},[60,96495,1042],{"class":74},[60,96497,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96499,143],{"class":142},[60,96501,130],{"class":74},[60,96503,95771],{"class":142},[60,96505,130],{"class":74},[60,96507,3058],{"class":1402},[60,96509,1042],{"class":74},[60,96511,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96513,143],{"class":142},[60,96515,130],{"class":74},[60,96517,95771],{"class":142},[60,96519,130],{"class":74},[60,96521,42110],{"class":1402},[60,96523,1042],{"class":74},[20,96525,153],{},[51,96527,96529],{"className":53,"code":96528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,96530,96531,96535,96539,96543],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96532,96533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96534,18050],{"class":1402},[60,96536,96537],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96538,18050],{"class":1402},[60,96540,96541],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96542,49631],{"class":1402},[60,96544,96545],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96546,49631],{"class":1402},[20,96548,96549],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,96551,11710],{},[33,96553,96554,96561],{},[36,96555,96556,3151,96559],{},[15,96557,96558],{},"round(2.5)",[15,96560,1925],{},[36,96562,96563,3151,96566],{},[15,96564,96565],{},"round(3.5)",[15,96567,3519],{},[20,96569,4183,96570,96572],{},[15,96571,96399],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[46,96574,96576],{"id":96575},"return-values","Return values",[20,96578,96579,96581],{},[15,96580,95730],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,96583,41892,96584,96586],{},[4753,96585,5632],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[51,96588,96590],{"className":53,"code":96589,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,96591,96592,96601,96605,96615,96633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96593,96594,96596,96598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96595,3462],{"class":66},[60,96597,71],{"class":70},[60,96599,96600],{"class":1402}," 3.14159\n",[60,96602,96603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96604,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,96606,96607,96609,96611,96613],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96608,143],{"class":142},[60,96610,130],{"class":74},[60,96612,3487],{"class":126},[60,96614,136],{"class":74},[60,96616,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96618,143],{"class":142},[60,96620,130],{"class":74},[60,96622,95771],{"class":142},[60,96624,130],{"class":74},[60,96626,3487],{"class":126},[60,96628,88],{"class":74},[60,96630,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96632,1042],{"class":74},[60,96634,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,96636,143],{"class":142},[60,96638,130],{"class":74},[60,96640,3487],{"class":126},[60,96642,136],{"class":74},[20,96644,153],{},[51,96646,96648],{"className":53,"code":96647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,96649,96650,96655,96659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96651,96652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96653,96654],{"class":1402},"3.14159\n",[60,96656,96657],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96658,41163],{"class":1402},[60,96660,96661],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96662,96654],{"class":1402},[20,96664,96665],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[51,96667,96669],{"className":53,"code":96668,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96670,96671,96679,96697,96701],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96672,96673,96675,96677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96674,3462],{"class":66},[60,96676,71],{"class":70},[60,96678,96600],{"class":1402},[60,96680,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96682,3462],{"class":66},[60,96684,71],{"class":70},[60,96686,96048],{"class":142},[60,96688,130],{"class":74},[60,96690,3487],{"class":126},[60,96692,88],{"class":74},[60,96694,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96696,136],{"class":74},[60,96698,96699],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96700,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,96702,96703,96705,96707,96709],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96704,143],{"class":142},[60,96706,130],{"class":74},[60,96708,3487],{"class":126},[60,96710,136],{"class":74},[20,96712,153],{},[51,96714,96715],{"className":53,"code":41163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96716,96717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96718,96719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96720,41163],{"class":1402},[46,96722,5963,96724],{"id":96723},"when-to-use-round",[15,96725,95730],{},[20,96727,171,96728,7316],{},[15,96729,95730],{},[33,96731,96732,96735,96738,96741],{},[36,96733,96734],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[36,96736,96737],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[36,96739,96740],{},"Round values before reporting results",[36,96742,96743],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,96745,6473],{},[51,96747,96749],{"className":53,"code":96748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,96750,96751,96760],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96752,96753,96755,96757],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96754,3610],{"class":66},[60,96756,71],{"class":70},[60,96758,96759],{"class":1402}," 12.67891\n",[60,96761,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96763,143],{"class":142},[60,96765,130],{"class":74},[60,96767,95771],{"class":142},[60,96769,130],{"class":74},[60,96771,3633],{"class":126},[60,96773,88],{"class":74},[60,96775,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96777,1042],{"class":74},[20,96779,153],{},[51,96781,96783],{"className":53,"code":96782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"12.68\n",[15,96784,96785],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96786,96787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96788,96782],{"class":1402},[46,96790,3845],{"id":3844},[20,96792,24088,96793,123],{},[15,96794,95730],{},[415,96796,9449,96798,96800,96801,96803],{"id":96797},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,96799,95730],{}," to always round ",[15,96802,96399],{}," upward",[20,96805,96806],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[51,96808,96809],{"className":53,"code":96404,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96810,96811,96825],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96812,96813,96815,96817,96819,96821,96823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96814,143],{"class":142},[60,96816,130],{"class":74},[60,96818,95771],{"class":142},[60,96820,130],{"class":74},[60,96822,42145],{"class":1402},[60,96824,1042],{"class":74},[60,96826,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96828,143],{"class":142},[60,96830,130],{"class":74},[60,96832,95771],{"class":142},[60,96834,130],{"class":74},[60,96836,3058],{"class":1402},[60,96838,1042],{"class":74},[20,96840,153],{},[51,96842,96843],{"className":53,"code":96439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96844,96845,96849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96846,96847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96848,18050],{"class":1402},[60,96850,96851],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96852,49631],{"class":1402},[20,96854,96855],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[415,96857,96859],{"id":96858},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96861,96862,96864],{},[15,96863,95730],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[51,96866,96868],{"className":53,"code":96867,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96869,96870,96878,96892,96896],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96871,96872,96874,96876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96873,3462],{"class":66},[60,96875,71],{"class":70},[60,96877,96600],{"class":1402},[60,96879,96880,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96881,95771],{"class":142},[60,96883,130],{"class":74},[60,96885,3487],{"class":126},[60,96887,88],{"class":74},[60,96889,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96891,136],{"class":74},[60,96893,96894],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96895,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,96897,96898,96900,96902,96904],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96899,143],{"class":142},[60,96901,130],{"class":74},[60,96903,3487],{"class":126},[60,96905,136],{"class":74},[20,96907,153],{},[51,96909,96910],{"className":53,"code":96654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,96911,96912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96913,96914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96915,96654],{"class":1402},[20,96917,96918],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[51,96920,96922],{"className":53,"code":96921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96923,96924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96925,96926,96928,96930,96932,96934,96936,96938,96940],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96927,3462],{"class":66},[60,96929,71],{"class":70},[60,96931,96048],{"class":142},[60,96933,130],{"class":74},[60,96935,3487],{"class":126},[60,96937,88],{"class":74},[60,96939,1437],{"class":1402},[60,96941,136],{"class":74},[415,96943,96945],{"id":96944},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96947,17394],{},[51,96949,96951],{"className":53,"code":96950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96952,96953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96954,96955],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96956,96950],{"class":4674},[20,96958,96959],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[51,96961,96963],{"className":53,"code":96962,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96964,96965,96977,96991,96995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,96966,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,96968,35681],{"class":66},[60,96970,71],{"class":70},[60,96972,91],{"class":78},[60,96974,41129],{"class":82},[60,96976,2389],{"class":78},[60,96978,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,96980,3233],{"class":66},[60,96982,71],{"class":70},[60,96984,41241],{"class":1527},[60,96986,130],{"class":74},[60,96988,35702],{"class":126},[60,96990,136],{"class":74},[60,96992,96993],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,96994,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,96998,143],{"class":142},[60,97000,130],{"class":74},[60,97002,95771],{"class":142},[60,97004,130],{"class":74},[60,97006,3255],{"class":126},[60,97008,88],{"class":74},[60,97010,6499],{"class":1402},[60,97012,1042],{"class":74},[20,97014,153],{},[51,97016,97018],{"className":53,"code":97017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.1\n",[15,97019,97020],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97021,97022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97023,97017],{"class":1402},[415,97025,97027],{"id":97026},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,97029,97030,97032],{},[15,97031,95730],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,97034,97035,97036,3894,97040,123],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[551,97037,97038],{"href":3897},[15,97039,3900],{},[551,97041,97042],{"href":3890},[15,97043,3893],{},[46,97045,2804],{"id":2803},[415,97047,2808,97049,97051,97052,97054],{"id":97048},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,97050,95730],{}," always round ",[15,97053,41200],{}," up?",[20,97056,97057],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[415,97059,2808,97061,97063],{"id":97060},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,97062,95730],{}," change the original number?",[20,97065,97066],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[415,97068,6170,97070,97072],{"id":97069},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,97071,95730],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,97074,97075,97076,97078,97079,3894,97081,123],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,97077,95880],{}," value like ",[15,97080,66829],{},[15,97082,96380],{},[415,97084,2833,97086,97088,97089,2863],{"id":97085},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,97087,95730],{}," on a string like ",[15,97090,49076],{},[20,97092,97093,97094,3894,97096,123],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,97095,3900],{},[15,97097,3893],{},[46,97099,2870],{"id":2869},[33,97101,97102,97108,97114,97118],{},[36,97103,97104],{},[551,97105,163,97106,1579],{"href":3897},[15,97107,3900],{},[36,97109,97110],{},[551,97111,163,97112,1579],{"href":3890},[15,97113,3893],{},[36,97115,97116],{},[551,97117,3435],{"href":3434},[36,97119,97120],{},[551,97121,43166],{"href":41877},[2912,97123,97124],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":97126},[97127,97128,97130,97131,97133,97135,97137,97138,97139,97141,97148,97158],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":95822,"depth":111,"text":97129},"What round() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":95976,"depth":111,"text":97132},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":96114,"depth":111,"text":97134},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":96271,"depth":111,"text":97136},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":96392,"depth":111,"text":96393},{"id":96575,"depth":111,"text":96576},{"id":96723,"depth":111,"text":97140},"When to use round()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":97142},[97143,97145,97146,97147],{"id":96797,"depth":139,"text":97144},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96858,"depth":139,"text":96859},{"id":96944,"depth":139,"text":96945},{"id":97026,"depth":139,"text":97027},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":97149},[97150,97152,97154,97156],{"id":97048,"depth":139,"text":97151},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":97060,"depth":139,"text":97153},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":97069,"depth":139,"text":97155},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":97085,"depth":139,"text":97157},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":95722,"description":97159},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":97166,"title":97167,"body":97168,"description":98352,"extension":2980,"meta":98353,"navigation":304,"path":98354,"seo":98355,"stem":98356,"__hash__":98357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":97169,"toc":98326},[97170,97177,97183,97186,97188,97237,97241,97266,97271,97276,97281,97295,97306,97308,97327,97329,97345,97348,97359,97361,97363,97424,97428,97461,97468,97475,97478,97511,97514,97518,97521,97574,97578,97599,97605,97612,97619,97680,97688,97765,97769,97781,97790,97792,97798,97804,97808,97861,97864,97922,97926,97934,97937,97941,97944,97954,97956,98053,98056,98067,98070,98113,98117,98141,98144,98150,98152,98156,98181,98183,98250,98259,98261,98267,98272,98276,98279,98283,98290,98294,98299,98301,98318,98323],[10,97171,97173,97174,18],{"id":97172},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,97175,97176],{},"add()",[20,97178,97179,97182],{},[15,97180,97181],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,97184,97185],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,97187,3022],{"id":3021},[51,97189,97191],{"className":53,"code":97190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97192,97193,97213,97227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97194,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97196,4629],{"class":66},[60,97198,71],{"class":70},[60,97200,11488],{"class":74},[60,97202,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97204,88],{"class":74},[60,97206,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97208,88],{"class":74},[60,97210,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97212,10306],{"class":74},[60,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221,97223,97225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97216,4659],{"class":66},[60,97218,123],{"class":74},[60,97220,83079],{"class":126},[60,97222,130],{"class":74},[60,97224,3519],{"class":1402},[60,97226,136],{"class":74},[60,97228,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97230,143],{"class":142},[60,97232,130],{"class":74},[60,97234,4659],{"class":126},[60,97236,136],{"class":74},[20,97238,97239],{},[4753,97240,153],{},[51,97242,97244],{"className":53,"code":97243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,97245,97246],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97247,97248,97250,97252,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262,97264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97249,10275],{"class":74},[60,97251,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97253,88],{"class":74},[60,97255,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97257,88],{"class":74},[60,97259,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97261,88],{"class":74},[60,97263,3471],{"class":1402},[60,97265,10306],{"class":74},[20,97267,171,97268,97270],{},[15,97269,97176],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[46,97272,178,97274,181],{"id":97273},"what-setadd-does",[15,97275,97181],{},[20,97277,97278,97280],{},[15,97279,97181],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[33,97282,97283,97286,97289,97292],{},[36,97284,97285],{},"Adds one item to a set",[36,97287,97288],{},"Changes the original set in place",[36,97290,97291],{},"Does not return a new set",[36,97293,97294],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,97296,97297,97298,3894,97302,123],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[551,97299,97301],{"href":97300},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[551,97303,97305],{"href":97304},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[46,97307,389],{"id":388},[51,97309,97311],{"className":53,"code":97310,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,97312,97313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97314,97315,97317,97319,97321,97323,97325],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97316,16660],{"class":66},[60,97318,123],{"class":74},[60,97320,83079],{"class":126},[60,97322,130],{"class":74},[60,97324,2659],{"class":126},[60,97326,136],{"class":74},[20,97328,189],{},[33,97330,97331,97336,97339],{},[36,97332,56889,97333,97335],{},[15,97334,97176],{}," on an existing set",[36,97337,97338],{},"Pass exactly one item",[36,97340,97341,97342],{},"The item must be ",[4753,97343,97344],{},"hashable",[20,97346,97347],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[33,97349,97350,97352,97354,97357],{},[36,97351,57442],{},[36,97353,57445],{},[36,97355,97356],{},"Tuples",[36,97358,41581],{},[46,97360,12470],{"id":12469},[20,97362,12473],{},[51,97364,97366],{"className":53,"code":97365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97367,97368,97392,97410,97414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97369,97370,97372,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97371,1070],{"class":66},[60,97373,71],{"class":70},[60,97375,11488],{"class":74},[60,97377,79],{"class":78},[60,97379,254],{"class":82},[60,97381,79],{"class":78},[60,97383,88],{"class":74},[60,97385,91],{"class":78},[60,97387,272],{"class":82},[60,97389,79],{"class":78},[60,97391,10306],{"class":74},[60,97393,97394,97396,97398,97400,97402,97404,97406,97408],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97395,1119],{"class":66},[60,97397,123],{"class":74},[60,97399,83079],{"class":126},[60,97401,130],{"class":74},[60,97403,79],{"class":78},[60,97405,263],{"class":82},[60,97407,79],{"class":78},[60,97409,136],{"class":74},[60,97411,97412],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97413,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97415,97416,97418,97420,97422],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97417,143],{"class":142},[60,97419,130],{"class":74},[60,97421,1119],{"class":126},[60,97423,136],{"class":74},[20,97425,97426],{},[4753,97427,31023],{},[51,97429,97431],{"className":53,"code":97430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,97432,97433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97434,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443,97445,97447,97449,97451,97453,97455,97457,97459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97436,10275],{"class":74},[60,97438,356],{"class":78},[60,97440,254],{"class":82},[60,97442,356],{"class":78},[60,97444,88],{"class":74},[60,97446,365],{"class":78},[60,97448,263],{"class":82},[60,97450,356],{"class":78},[60,97452,88],{"class":74},[60,97454,365],{"class":78},[60,97456,272],{"class":82},[60,97458,356],{"class":78},[60,97460,10306],{"class":74},[20,97462,97463,97464,97467],{},"The new value ",[15,97465,97466],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,97469,97470,97471,97474],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[4753,97472,97473],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,97476,97477],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[51,97479,97481],{"className":53,"code":97480,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,97482,97483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97484,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97486,10275],{"class":74},[60,97488,356],{"class":78},[60,97490,272],{"class":82},[60,97492,356],{"class":78},[60,97494,88],{"class":74},[60,97496,365],{"class":78},[60,97498,254],{"class":82},[60,97500,356],{"class":78},[60,97502,88],{"class":74},[60,97504,365],{"class":78},[60,97506,263],{"class":82},[60,97508,356],{"class":78},[60,97510,10306],{"class":74},[20,97512,97513],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[46,97515,97517],{"id":97516},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,97519,97520],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[51,97522,97524],{"className":53,"code":97523,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97525,97526,97546,97560,97564],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97527,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97529,4629],{"class":66},[60,97531,71],{"class":70},[60,97533,11488],{"class":74},[60,97535,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97537,88],{"class":74},[60,97539,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97541,88],{"class":74},[60,97543,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97545,10306],{"class":74},[60,97547,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97549,4659],{"class":66},[60,97551,123],{"class":74},[60,97553,83079],{"class":126},[60,97555,130],{"class":74},[60,97557,1925],{"class":1402},[60,97559,136],{"class":74},[60,97561,97562],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97563,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97565,97566,97568,97570,97572],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97567,143],{"class":142},[60,97569,130],{"class":74},[60,97571,4659],{"class":126},[60,97573,136],{"class":74},[20,97575,97576],{},[4753,97577,153],{},[51,97579,97581],{"className":53,"code":97580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97582,97583],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97584,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97586,10275],{"class":74},[60,97588,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97590,88],{"class":74},[60,97592,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97594,88],{"class":74},[60,97596,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97598,10306],{"class":74},[20,97600,97601,97602,97604],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,97603,1925],{}," was already present.",[46,97606,97608,11583,97610],{"id":97607},"add-vs-update",[15,97609,97176],{},[15,97611,15947],{},[20,97613,171,97614,97616,97617,123],{},[15,97615,97176],{}," when you want to add ",[4753,97618,53636],{},[51,97620,97622],{"className":53,"code":97621,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97623,97624,97648,97666,97670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97625,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97627,767],{"class":66},[60,97629,71],{"class":70},[60,97631,11488],{"class":74},[60,97633,79],{"class":78},[60,97635,551],{"class":82},[60,97637,79],{"class":78},[60,97639,88],{"class":74},[60,97641,91],{"class":78},[60,97643,2258],{"class":82},[60,97645,79],{"class":78},[60,97647,10306],{"class":74},[60,97649,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97651,843],{"class":66},[60,97653,123],{"class":74},[60,97655,83079],{"class":126},[60,97657,130],{"class":74},[60,97659,79],{"class":78},[60,97661,1895],{"class":82},[60,97663,79],{"class":78},[60,97665,136],{"class":74},[60,97667,97668],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97669,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97673,143],{"class":142},[60,97675,130],{"class":74},[60,97677,843],{"class":126},[60,97679,136],{"class":74},[20,97681,171,97682,97616,97684,97687],{},[15,97683,15947],{},[4753,97685,97686],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[51,97689,97691],{"className":53,"code":97690,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,97692,97693,97717,97751,97755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97694,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97696,767],{"class":66},[60,97698,71],{"class":70},[60,97700,11488],{"class":74},[60,97702,79],{"class":78},[60,97704,551],{"class":82},[60,97706,79],{"class":78},[60,97708,88],{"class":74},[60,97710,91],{"class":78},[60,97712,2258],{"class":82},[60,97714,79],{"class":78},[60,97716,10306],{"class":74},[60,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97735,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97720,843],{"class":66},[60,97722,123],{"class":74},[60,97724,31457],{"class":126},[60,97726,2652],{"class":74},[60,97728,79],{"class":78},[60,97730,1895],{"class":82},[60,97732,79],{"class":78},[60,97734,88],{"class":74},[60,97736,91],{"class":78},[60,97738,19761],{"class":82},[60,97740,79],{"class":78},[60,97742,88],{"class":74},[60,97744,91],{"class":78},[60,97746,61427],{"class":82},[60,97748,79],{"class":78},[60,97750,2677],{"class":74},[60,97752,97753],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97754,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97758,143],{"class":142},[60,97760,130],{"class":74},[60,97762,843],{"class":126},[60,97764,136],{"class":74},[415,97766,97768],{"id":97767},"key-difference","Key difference",[33,97770,97771,97776],{},[36,97772,97773,97775],{},[15,97774,97176],{}," adds one item",[36,97777,97778,97780],{},[15,97779,15947],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,97782,97783,97784,123],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[551,97785,97787,97788,2887],{"href":97786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,97789,15947],{},[46,97791,18413],{"id":18412},[20,97793,97794,3412,97796,123],{},[15,97795,97181],{},[15,97797,1585],{},[20,97799,97800,97801,97803],{},"That means you should ",[4753,97802,5632],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[415,97805,97807],{"id":97806},"correct","Correct",[51,97809,97811],{"className":53,"code":97810,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97812,97813,97833,97847,97851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97814,97815,97817,97819,97821,97823,97825,97827,97829,97831],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97816,16622],{"class":66},[60,97818,71],{"class":70},[60,97820,11488],{"class":74},[60,97822,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97824,88],{"class":74},[60,97826,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97828,88],{"class":74},[60,97830,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97832,10306],{"class":74},[60,97834,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843,97845],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97836,16660],{"class":66},[60,97838,123],{"class":74},[60,97840,83079],{"class":126},[60,97842,130],{"class":74},[60,97844,3519],{"class":1402},[60,97846,136],{"class":74},[60,97848,97849],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97850,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97852,97853,97855,97857,97859],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97854,143],{"class":142},[60,97856,130],{"class":74},[60,97858,16660],{"class":126},[60,97860,136],{"class":74},[415,97862,97863],{"id":62745},"Wrong",[51,97865,97867],{"className":53,"code":97866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97868,97869,97889,97908,97912],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97870,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881,97883,97885,97887],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97872,16622],{"class":66},[60,97874,71],{"class":70},[60,97876,11488],{"class":74},[60,97878,1432],{"class":1402},[60,97880,88],{"class":74},[60,97882,1437],{"class":1402},[60,97884,88],{"class":74},[60,97886,1442],{"class":1402},[60,97888,10306],{"class":74},[60,97890,97891,97893,97895,97898,97900,97902,97904,97906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97892,16622],{"class":66},[60,97894,71],{"class":70},[60,97896,97897],{"class":66}," my_set",[60,97899,123],{"class":74},[60,97901,83079],{"class":126},[60,97903,130],{"class":74},[60,97905,3519],{"class":1402},[60,97907,136],{"class":74},[60,97909,97910],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97911,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97913,97914,97916,97918,97920],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97915,143],{"class":142},[60,97917,130],{"class":74},[60,97919,16660],{"class":126},[60,97921,136],{"class":74},[20,97923,97924],{},[4753,97925,153],{},[51,97927,97928],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,97929,97930],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97931,97932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97933,12803],{"class":1611},[20,97935,97936],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[46,97938,97940],{"id":97939},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97942,97943],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[33,97945,97946,97948,97950,97952],{},[36,97947,57442],{},[36,97949,57445],{},[36,97951,97356],{},[36,97953,41581],{},[20,97955,236],{},[51,97957,97959],{"className":53,"code":97958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97960,97961,97971,97975,97989,98007,98025,98039,98043],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,97962,97963,97965,97967,97969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,97964,664],{"class":66},[60,97966,71],{"class":70},[60,97968,16627],{"class":1527},[60,97970,9640],{"class":74},[60,97972,97973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,97974,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,97976,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,97978,716],{"class":66},[60,97980,123],{"class":74},[60,97982,83079],{"class":126},[60,97984,130],{"class":74},[60,97986,1345],{"class":1402},[60,97988,136],{"class":74},[60,97990,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,97992,716],{"class":66},[60,97994,123],{"class":74},[60,97996,83079],{"class":126},[60,97998,130],{"class":74},[60,98000,79],{"class":78},[60,98002,1008],{"class":82},[60,98004,79],{"class":78},[60,98006,136],{"class":74},[60,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98010,716],{"class":66},[60,98012,123],{"class":74},[60,98014,83079],{"class":126},[60,98016,6512],{"class":74},[60,98018,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98020,88],{"class":74},[60,98022,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98024,1042],{"class":74},[60,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,98028,716],{"class":66},[60,98030,123],{"class":74},[60,98032,83079],{"class":126},[60,98034,130],{"class":74},[60,98036,4616],{"class":1611},[60,98038,136],{"class":74},[60,98040,98041],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,98042,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98044,98045,98047,98049,98051],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,98046,143],{"class":142},[60,98048,130],{"class":74},[60,98050,716],{"class":126},[60,98052,136],{"class":74},[20,98054,98055],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[33,98057,98058,98061,98064],{},[36,98059,98060],{},"Lists",[36,98062,98063],{},"Dictionaries",[36,98065,98066],{},"Sets",[20,98068,98069],{},"Example that causes an error:",[51,98071,98073],{"className":53,"code":98072,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,98074,98075,98095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98078,664],{"class":66},[60,98080,71],{"class":70},[60,98082,11488],{"class":74},[60,98084,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98086,88],{"class":74},[60,98088,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98090,88],{"class":74},[60,98092,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98094,10306],{"class":74},[60,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98098,716],{"class":66},[60,98100,123],{"class":74},[60,98102,83079],{"class":126},[60,98104,2652],{"class":74},[60,98106,3519],{"class":1402},[60,98108,88],{"class":74},[60,98110,5606],{"class":1402},[60,98112,2677],{"class":74},[20,98114,98115],{},[4753,98116,30674],{},[51,98118,98120],{"className":53,"code":98119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,98121,98122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98123,98124,98126,98128,98131,98133,98135,98137,98139],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98125,1472],{"class":1527},[60,98127,3901],{"class":74},[60,98129,98130],{"class":66}," unhashable ",[60,98132,2629],{"class":1527},[60,98134,3901],{"class":74},[60,98136,365],{"class":78},[60,98138,9089],{"class":82},[60,98140,30693],{"class":78},[20,98142,98143],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,98145,98146,98147,123],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,98148,98149],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[46,98151,3845],{"id":3844},[20,98153,15726,98154,3901],{},[15,98155,97181],{},[33,98157,98158,98163,98168,98171,98178],{},[36,98159,9413,98160,98162],{},[15,98161,97176],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[36,98164,9449,98165,98167],{},[15,98166,97176],{}," to return the updated set",[36,98169,98170],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[36,98172,38192,98173,98175,98176],{},[15,98174,97181],{}," with list ",[15,98177,53632],{},[36,98179,98180],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,98182,72481],{},[51,98184,98186],{"className":53,"code":98185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,98187,98188,98198,98212,98222,98236],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98189,98190,98192,98194,98196],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98191,143],{"class":142},[60,98193,130],{"class":74},[60,98195,16660],{"class":126},[60,98197,136],{"class":74},[60,98199,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98201,143],{"class":142},[60,98203,130],{"class":74},[60,98205,2629],{"class":1527},[60,98207,130],{"class":74},[60,98209,16660],{"class":126},[60,98211,1042],{"class":74},[60,98213,98214,98216,98218,98220],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98215,143],{"class":142},[60,98217,130],{"class":74},[60,98219,3487],{"class":126},[60,98221,136],{"class":74},[60,98223,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,98225,143],{"class":142},[60,98227,130],{"class":74},[60,98229,2629],{"class":1527},[60,98231,130],{"class":74},[60,98233,3487],{"class":126},[60,98235,1042],{"class":74},[60,98237,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98239,33145],{"class":142},[60,98241,130],{"class":74},[60,98243,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98245,123],{"class":74},[60,98247,83079],{"class":25743},[60,98249,136],{"class":74},[20,98251,98252,98253,98255,98256,123],{},"Also remember that ",[15,98254,97181],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[551,98257,54029],{"href":98258},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[46,98260,2804],{"id":2803},[415,98262,2808,98264,98266],{"id":98263},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,98265,97181],{}," return a new set?",[20,98268,98269,98270,123],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,98271,1585],{},[415,98273,98275],{"id":98274},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,98277,98278],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[415,98280,98282],{"id":98281},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,98284,171,98285,2600,98288,123],{},[15,98286,98287],{},"set.update()",[15,98289,97176],{},[415,98291,98293],{"id":98292},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,98295,98296,98297,123],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,98298,1472],{},[46,98300,2870],{"id":2869},[33,98302,98303,98307,98312],{},[36,98304,98305],{},[551,98306,97301],{"href":97300},[36,98308,98309],{},[551,98310,98311],{"href":97304},"How to create a set in Python",[36,98313,98314],{},[551,98315,97787,98316,2887],{"href":97786},[15,98317,15947],{},[20,98319,2907,98320,98322],{},[15,98321,97176],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2912,98324,98325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":98327},[98328,98329,98331,98332,98333,98334,98338,98342,98343,98344,98351],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":97273,"depth":111,"text":98330},"What set.add() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":97516,"depth":111,"text":97517},{"id":97607,"depth":111,"text":98335,"children":98336},"add() vs update()",[98337],{"id":97767,"depth":139,"text":97768},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413,"children":98339},[98340,98341],{"id":97806,"depth":139,"text":97807},{"id":62745,"depth":139,"text":97863},{"id":97939,"depth":111,"text":97940},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":98345},[98346,98348,98349,98350],{"id":98263,"depth":139,"text":98347},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":98274,"depth":139,"text":98275},{"id":98281,"depth":139,"text":98282},{"id":98292,"depth":139,"text":98293},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":97167,"description":98352},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":98359,"title":98360,"body":98361,"description":99530,"extension":2980,"meta":99531,"navigation":304,"path":99532,"seo":99533,"stem":99534,"__hash__":99535},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":98362,"toc":99497},[98363,98368,98374,98381,98426,98428,98439,98444,98449,98453,98467,98472,98474,98476,98491,98493,98507,98509,98511,98576,98578,98588,98590,98608,98614,98621,98626,98700,98702,98719,98725,98730,98801,98803,98830,98847,98850,98856,98858,98865,98869,98936,98938,98953,98956,99009,99011,99019,99031,99033,99037,99042,99044,99093,99095,99103,99105,99150,99152,99162,99168,99176,99189,99195,99197,99226,99228,99246,99250,99253,99284,99286,99304,99308,99383,99385,99401,99408,99410,99415,99420,99426,99429,99433,99441,99448,99456,99458,99494],[10,98364,97173,98366,18],{"id":98365},"python-set-clear-method",[15,98367,12317],{},[20,98369,98370,98373],{},[15,98371,98372],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,98375,98376,98377,98380],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[4753,98378,98379],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[51,98382,98384],{"className":53,"code":98383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98385,98386,98406,98416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98387,98388,98390,98392,98394,98396,98398,98400,98402,98404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98389,4629],{"class":66},[60,98391,71],{"class":70},[60,98393,11488],{"class":74},[60,98395,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98397,88],{"class":74},[60,98399,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98401,88],{"class":74},[60,98403,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98405,10306],{"class":74},[60,98407,98408,98410,98412,98414],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98409,4659],{"class":66},[60,98411,123],{"class":74},[60,98413,12378],{"class":126},[60,98415,9640],{"class":74},[60,98417,98418,98420,98422,98424],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98419,143],{"class":142},[60,98421,130],{"class":74},[60,98423,4659],{"class":126},[60,98425,136],{"class":74},[20,98427,153],{},[51,98429,98431],{"className":53,"code":98430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n",[15,98432,98433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98434,98435,98437],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98436,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98438,9640],{"class":74},[20,98440,98441,98443],{},[15,98442,12317],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[46,98445,178,98447,181],{"id":98446},"what-setclear-does",[15,98448,98372],{},[20,98450,2997,98451,12408],{},[15,98452,12317],{},[33,98454,98455,98458,98460,98464],{},[36,98456,98457],{},"Removes every item from a set",[36,98459,97288],{},[36,98461,12419,98462],{},[15,98463,1585],{},[36,98465,98466],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,98468,97297,98469,72580],{},[551,98470,97301],{"href":98471},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[46,98473,389],{"id":388},[20,98475,55427],{},[51,98477,98479],{"className":53,"code":98478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,98480,98481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98482,98483,98485,98487,98489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98484,16660],{"class":66},[60,98486,123],{"class":74},[60,98488,12378],{"class":126},[60,98490,9640],{"class":74},[20,98492,14046],{},[33,98494,98495,98498,98501,98504],{},[36,98496,98497],{},"It takes no arguments",[36,98499,98500],{},"It empties the set",[36,98502,98503],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[36,98505,98506],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[46,98508,12470],{"id":12469},[20,98510,12473],{},[51,98512,98514],{"className":53,"code":98513,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,98515,98516,98548,98552,98562,98566],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98517,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98519,1070],{"class":66},[60,98521,71],{"class":70},[60,98523,11488],{"class":74},[60,98525,79],{"class":78},[60,98527,254],{"class":82},[60,98529,79],{"class":78},[60,98531,88],{"class":74},[60,98533,91],{"class":78},[60,98535,263],{"class":82},[60,98537,79],{"class":78},[60,98539,88],{"class":74},[60,98541,91],{"class":78},[60,98543,272],{"class":82},[60,98545,79],{"class":78},[60,98547,10306],{"class":74},[60,98549,98550],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98551,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98553,98554,98556,98558,98560],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98555,1119],{"class":66},[60,98557,123],{"class":74},[60,98559,12378],{"class":126},[60,98561,9640],{"class":74},[60,98563,98564],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,98565,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98567,98568,98570,98572,98574],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98569,143],{"class":142},[60,98571,130],{"class":74},[60,98573,1119],{"class":126},[60,98575,136],{"class":74},[20,98577,153],{},[51,98579,98580],{"className":53,"code":98430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,98581,98582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98583,98584,98586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98585,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98587,9640],{"class":74},[20,98589,12679],{},[33,98591,98592,98597,98602],{},[36,98593,98594,98596],{},[15,98595,1119],{}," starts with three values",[36,98598,98599,12692],{},[15,98600,98601],{},"colors.clear()",[36,98603,98604,98605,98607],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,98606,4807],{},", which means an empty set",[46,98609,98611,98613],{"id":98610},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,98612,12317],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,98615,98616,2360,98618,98620],{},[15,98617,12317],{},[15,98619,4807],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[415,98622,9413,98624],{"id":98623},"using-clear",[15,98625,12317],{},[51,98627,98629],{"className":53,"code":98628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98630,98631,98651,98661,98665,98675,98679,98689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98632,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98634,664],{"class":66},[60,98636,71],{"class":70},[60,98638,11488],{"class":74},[60,98640,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98642,88],{"class":74},[60,98644,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98646,88],{"class":74},[60,98648,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98650,10306],{"class":74},[60,98652,98653,98656,98658],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98654,98655],{"class":66},"other_name ",[60,98657,71],{"class":70},[60,98659,98660],{"class":66}," items\n",[60,98662,98663],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98664,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98666,98667,98669,98671,98673],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,98668,716],{"class":66},[60,98670,123],{"class":74},[60,98672,12378],{"class":126},[60,98674,9640],{"class":74},[60,98676,98677],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98678,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,98682,143],{"class":142},[60,98684,130],{"class":74},[60,98686,716],{"class":126},[60,98688,136],{"class":74},[60,98690,98691,98693,98695,98698],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,98692,143],{"class":142},[60,98694,130],{"class":74},[60,98696,98697],{"class":126},"other_name",[60,98699,136],{"class":74},[20,98701,153],{},[51,98703,98705],{"className":53,"code":98704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\nset()\n",[15,98706,98707,98713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98708,98709,98711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98710,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98712,9640],{"class":74},[60,98714,98715,98717],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98716,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98718,9640],{"class":74},[20,98720,98721,98722,123],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[4753,98723,98724],{},"same set object",[415,98726,9413,98728],{"id":98727},"using-set",[15,98729,4807],{},[51,98731,98733],{"className":53,"code":98732,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,98734,98735,98755,98763,98767,98777,98781,98791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98736,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98738,664],{"class":66},[60,98740,71],{"class":70},[60,98742,11488],{"class":74},[60,98744,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98746,88],{"class":74},[60,98748,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98750,88],{"class":74},[60,98752,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98754,10306],{"class":74},[60,98756,98757,98759,98761],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98758,98655],{"class":66},[60,98760,71],{"class":70},[60,98762,98660],{"class":66},[60,98764,98765],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98766,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98768,98769,98771,98773,98775],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,98770,664],{"class":66},[60,98772,71],{"class":70},[60,98774,16627],{"class":1527},[60,98776,9640],{"class":74},[60,98778,98779],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98780,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98782,98783,98785,98787,98789],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,98784,143],{"class":142},[60,98786,130],{"class":74},[60,98788,716],{"class":126},[60,98790,136],{"class":74},[60,98792,98793,98795,98797,98799],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,98794,143],{"class":142},[60,98796,130],{"class":74},[60,98798,98697],{"class":126},[60,98800,136],{"class":74},[20,98802,153],{},[51,98804,98806],{"className":53,"code":98805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,98807,98808,98814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98809,98810,98812],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98811,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98813,9640],{"class":74},[60,98815,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98817,10275],{"class":74},[60,98819,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98821,88],{"class":74},[60,98823,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98825,88],{"class":74},[60,98827,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98829,10306],{"class":74},[20,98831,21765,98832,94066,98835,98838,98839,123,98841,98843,98844,98846],{},[15,98833,98834],{},"items = set()",[4753,98836,98837],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,98840,716],{},[10843,98842],{},"\nBut ",[15,98845,98697],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,98848,98849],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98851,98852,98853,123],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[551,98854,97305],{"href":98855},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[46,98857,18413],{"id":18412},[20,98859,98860,15046,98862,98864],{},[15,98861,12317],{},[4753,98863,5632],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98866,6148,98867,123],{},[15,98868,1585],{},[51,98870,98872],{"className":53,"code":98871,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98873,98874,98894,98898,98912,98916,98926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98875,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98877,4629],{"class":66},[60,98879,71],{"class":70},[60,98881,11488],{"class":74},[60,98883,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98885,88],{"class":74},[60,98887,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98889,88],{"class":74},[60,98891,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98893,10306],{"class":74},[60,98895,98896],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98897,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98899,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98901,114],{"class":66},[60,98903,71],{"class":70},[60,98905,5264],{"class":66},[60,98907,123],{"class":74},[60,98909,12378],{"class":126},[60,98911,9640],{"class":74},[60,98913,98914],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,98915,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,98917,98918,98920,98922,98924],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,98919,143],{"class":142},[60,98921,130],{"class":74},[60,98923,148],{"class":126},[60,98925,136],{"class":74},[60,98927,98928,98930,98932,98934],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,98929,143],{"class":142},[60,98931,130],{"class":74},[60,98933,4659],{"class":126},[60,98935,136],{"class":74},[20,98937,153],{},[51,98939,98941],{"className":53,"code":98940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"None\nset()\n",[15,98942,98943,98947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98944,98945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98946,12803],{"class":1611},[60,98948,98949,98951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98950,7285],{"class":1527},[60,98952,9640],{"class":74},[20,98954,98955],{},"Do not do this:",[51,98957,98959],{"className":53,"code":98958,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98960,98961,98981,98995,98999],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,98962,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,98964,4629],{"class":66},[60,98966,71],{"class":70},[60,98968,11488],{"class":74},[60,98970,1432],{"class":1402},[60,98972,88],{"class":74},[60,98974,1437],{"class":1402},[60,98976,88],{"class":74},[60,98978,1442],{"class":1402},[60,98980,10306],{"class":74},[60,98982,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,98984,4629],{"class":66},[60,98986,71],{"class":70},[60,98988,5264],{"class":66},[60,98990,123],{"class":74},[60,98992,12378],{"class":126},[60,98994,9640],{"class":74},[60,98996,98997],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,98998,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,99000,99001,99003,99005,99007],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,99002,143],{"class":142},[60,99004,130],{"class":74},[60,99006,4659],{"class":126},[60,99008,136],{"class":74},[20,99010,153],{},[51,99012,99013],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99014,99015],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99016,99017],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99018,12803],{"class":1611},[20,99020,23184,99021,3412,99023,99025,99026,99028,99029,123],{},[15,99022,55540],{},[15,99024,1585],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,99027,1585],{}," back to ",[15,99030,4659],{},[46,99032,5520],{"id":5519},[20,99034,11744,99035,123],{},[15,99036,98372],{},[415,99038,13589,99040],{"id":99039},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,99041,12317],{},[20,99043,17637],{},[51,99045,99047],{"className":53,"code":99046,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,99048,99049,99069,99083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99050,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99052,16622],{"class":66},[60,99054,71],{"class":70},[60,99056,11488],{"class":74},[60,99058,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99060,88],{"class":74},[60,99062,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99064,88],{"class":74},[60,99066,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99068,10306],{"class":74},[60,99070,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99072,16622],{"class":66},[60,99074,71],{"class":70},[60,99076,97897],{"class":66},[60,99078,123],{"class":74},[60,99080,12378],{"class":126},[60,99082,9640],{"class":74},[60,99084,99085,99087,99089,99091],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99086,143],{"class":142},[60,99088,130],{"class":74},[60,99090,16660],{"class":126},[60,99092,136],{"class":74},[20,99094,153],{},[51,99096,99097],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99098,99099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99100,99101],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99102,12803],{"class":1611},[20,99104,17649],{},[51,99106,99108],{"className":53,"code":99107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,99109,99110,99130,99140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99111,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99113,16622],{"class":66},[60,99115,71],{"class":70},[60,99117,11488],{"class":74},[60,99119,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99121,88],{"class":74},[60,99123,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99125,88],{"class":74},[60,99127,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99129,10306],{"class":74},[60,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99133,16660],{"class":66},[60,99135,123],{"class":74},[60,99137,12378],{"class":126},[60,99139,9640],{"class":74},[60,99141,99142,99144,99146,99148],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99143,143],{"class":142},[60,99145,130],{"class":74},[60,99147,16660],{"class":126},[60,99149,136],{"class":74},[20,99151,153],{},[51,99153,99154],{"className":53,"code":98430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99155,99156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99157,99158,99160],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99159,7285],{"class":1527},[60,99161,9640],{"class":74},[415,99163,9449,99165,99167],{"id":99164},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,99166,12317],{}," to remove only one item",[20,99169,99170,99172,99173,99175],{},[15,99171,12317],{}," removes ",[4753,99174,4726],{}," items from the set.",[20,99177,99178,99179,3894,99184,123],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[551,99180,99182],{"href":99181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,99183,56509],{},[551,99185,99187],{"href":99186},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,99188,13757],{},[415,99190,9413,99192,99194],{"id":99191},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,99193,4802],{}," for an empty set",[20,99196,26683],{},[51,99198,99200],{"className":53,"code":99199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99201,99202,99211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99203,99204,99207,99209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99205,99206],{"class":66},"empty_value ",[60,99208,71],{"class":70},[60,99210,10835],{"class":74},[60,99212,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99224],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99214,143],{"class":142},[60,99216,130],{"class":74},[60,99218,2629],{"class":1527},[60,99220,130],{"class":74},[60,99222,99223],{"class":126},"empty_value",[60,99225,1042],{"class":74},[20,99227,153],{},[51,99229,99230],{"className":53,"code":9806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99231,99232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99233,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99235,4304],{"class":70},[60,99237,4307],{"class":3082},[60,99239,365],{"class":78},[60,99241,9819],{"class":82},[60,99243,356],{"class":78},[60,99245,4316],{"class":70},[20,99247,99248,9786],{},[15,99249,4802],{},[20,99251,99252],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[51,99254,99256],{"className":53,"code":99255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99257,99258,99269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99259,99260,99263,99265,99267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99261,99262],{"class":66},"empty_set ",[60,99264,71],{"class":70},[60,99266,16627],{"class":1527},[60,99268,9640],{"class":74},[60,99270,99271,99273,99275,99277,99279,99282],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99272,143],{"class":142},[60,99274,130],{"class":74},[60,99276,2629],{"class":1527},[60,99278,130],{"class":74},[60,99280,99281],{"class":126},"empty_set",[60,99283,1042],{"class":74},[20,99285,153],{},[51,99287,99288],{"className":53,"code":9850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99289,99290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99291,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99293,4304],{"class":70},[60,99295,4307],{"class":3082},[60,99297,365],{"class":78},[60,99299,7285],{"class":82},[60,99301,356],{"class":78},[60,99303,4316],{"class":70},[415,99305,99307],{"id":99306},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[51,99309,99311],{"className":53,"code":99310,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,99312,99313,99337,99345,99349,99359,99363,99373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99314,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99316,3569],{"class":66},[60,99318,71],{"class":70},[60,99320,11488],{"class":74},[60,99322,79],{"class":78},[60,99324,3191],{"class":82},[60,99326,79],{"class":78},[60,99328,88],{"class":74},[60,99330,91],{"class":78},[60,99332,785],{"class":82},[60,99334,79],{"class":78},[60,99336,10306],{"class":74},[60,99338,99339,99341,99343],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99340,3596],{"class":66},[60,99342,71],{"class":70},[60,99344,37163],{"class":66},[60,99346,99347],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99348,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,99350,99351,99353,99355,99357],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,99352,551],{"class":66},[60,99354,123],{"class":74},[60,99356,12378],{"class":126},[60,99358,9640],{"class":74},[60,99360,99361],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,99362,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,99364,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,99366,143],{"class":142},[60,99368,130],{"class":74},[60,99370,551],{"class":126},[60,99372,136],{"class":74},[60,99374,99375,99377,99379,99381],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,99376,143],{"class":142},[60,99378,130],{"class":74},[60,99380,2258],{"class":126},[60,99382,136],{"class":74},[20,99384,153],{},[51,99386,99387],{"className":53,"code":98704,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99388,99389,99395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99390,99391,99393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99392,7285],{"class":1527},[60,99394,9640],{"class":74},[60,99396,99397,99399],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99398,7285],{"class":1527},[60,99400,9640],{"class":74},[20,99402,30054,99403,2360,99405,99407],{},[15,99404,551],{},[15,99406,2258],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[46,99409,2804],{"id":2803},[415,99411,2846,99413,6145],{"id":99412},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,99414,98372],{},[20,99416,6148,99417,99419],{},[15,99418,1585],{},". It empties the set in place.",[415,99421,2808,99423,99425],{"id":99422},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,99424,12317],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,99427,99428],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[415,99430,99432],{"id":99431},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,99434,99435,99436,99438,99439,123],{},"You already have one after ",[15,99437,12317],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,99440,4807],{},[415,99442,6180,99444,2360,99446,2863],{"id":99443},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,99445,12317],{},[15,99447,4807],{},[20,99449,99450,99452,99453,99455],{},[15,99451,12317],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,99454,4807],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[46,99457,2870],{"id":2869},[33,99459,99460,99464,99468,99475,99481,99487],{},[36,99461,99462],{},[551,99463,97301],{"href":98471},[36,99465,99466],{},[551,99467,98311],{"href":98855},[36,99469,99470],{},[551,99471,97787,99473,2887],{"href":99472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,99474,97176],{},[36,99476,99477],{},[551,99478,97787,99479,2887],{"href":99181},[15,99480,56509],{},[36,99482,99483],{},[551,99484,97787,99485,2887],{"href":99186},[15,99486,13757],{},[36,99488,99489],{},[551,99490,97787,99492,2887],{"href":99491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,99493,15947],{},[2912,99495,99496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":99498},[99499,99501,99502,99503,99510,99511,99520,99529],{"id":98446,"depth":111,"text":99500},"What set.clear() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":98610,"depth":111,"text":99504,"children":99505},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[99506,99508],{"id":98623,"depth":139,"text":99507},"Using clear()",{"id":98727,"depth":139,"text":99509},"Using set()",{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":99512},[99513,99515,99517,99519],{"id":99039,"depth":139,"text":99514},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":99164,"depth":139,"text":99516},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":99191,"depth":139,"text":99518},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":99306,"depth":139,"text":99307},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":99521},[99522,99524,99526,99527],{"id":99412,"depth":139,"text":99523},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":99422,"depth":139,"text":99525},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":99431,"depth":139,"text":99432},{"id":99443,"depth":139,"text":99528},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":98360,"description":99530},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":99537,"title":99538,"body":99539,"description":101371,"extension":2980,"meta":101372,"navigation":304,"path":97304,"seo":101373,"stem":101374,"__hash__":101375},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":99540,"toc":101328},[99541,99544,99547,99550,99552,99655,99659,99706,99712,99714,99733,99737,99740,99742,99756,99765,99769,99772,99807,99811,99831,99834,99838,99841,99902,99906,99931,99938,99944,99949,99951,99963,99967,100016,100020,100044,100051,100055,100096,100100,100121,100125,100158,100162,100203,100206,100210,100215,100254,100258,100283,100288,100294,100331,100335,100358,100362,100364,100367,100370,100447,100451,100488,100491,100495,100501,100504,100514,100563,100569,100575,100602,100605,100627,100629,100660,100663,100667,100671,100710,100714,100777,100780,100813,100817,100842,100844,100847,100853,100856,100883,100886,100904,100908,100912,100915,100958,100961,100965,100968,100971,101001,101004,101008,101011,101026,101031,101035,101038,101127,101129,101132,101222,101225,101243,101245,101249,101259,101263,101271,101275,101278,101282,101285,101289,101292,101294,101322,101325],[10,99542,99538],{"id":99543},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,99545,99546],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,99548,99549],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[46,99551,49],{"id":48},[51,99553,99555],{"className":53,"code":99554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99556,99557,99577,99611,99621,99625,99635,99645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99558,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99560,4629],{"class":66},[60,99562,71],{"class":70},[60,99564,11488],{"class":74},[60,99566,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99568,88],{"class":74},[60,99570,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99572,88],{"class":74},[60,99574,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99576,10306],{"class":74},[60,99578,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99580,67],{"class":66},[60,99582,71],{"class":70},[60,99584,16627],{"class":1527},[60,99586,2652],{"class":74},[60,99588,79],{"class":78},[60,99590,1604],{"class":82},[60,99592,79],{"class":78},[60,99594,88],{"class":74},[60,99596,91],{"class":78},[60,99598,1619],{"class":82},[60,99600,79],{"class":78},[60,99602,88],{"class":74},[60,99604,91],{"class":78},[60,99606,1604],{"class":82},[60,99608,79],{"class":78},[60,99610,2677],{"class":74},[60,99612,99613,99615,99617,99619],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99614,99262],{"class":66},[60,99616,71],{"class":70},[60,99618,16627],{"class":1527},[60,99620,9640],{"class":74},[60,99622,99623],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,99624,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,99626,99627,99629,99631,99633],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,99628,143],{"class":142},[60,99630,130],{"class":74},[60,99632,4659],{"class":126},[60,99634,136],{"class":74},[60,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,99638,143],{"class":142},[60,99640,130],{"class":74},[60,99642,133],{"class":126},[60,99644,136],{"class":74},[60,99646,99647,99649,99651,99653],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,99648,143],{"class":142},[60,99650,130],{"class":74},[60,99652,99281],{"class":126},[60,99654,136],{"class":74},[20,99656,99657],{},[4753,99658,153],{},[51,99660,99662],{"className":53,"code":99661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,99663,99664,99680,99700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99665,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99667,10275],{"class":74},[60,99669,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99671,88],{"class":74},[60,99673,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99675,88],{"class":74},[60,99677,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99679,10306],{"class":74},[60,99681,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99683,10275],{"class":74},[60,99685,356],{"class":78},[60,99687,1619],{"class":82},[60,99689,356],{"class":78},[60,99691,88],{"class":74},[60,99693,365],{"class":78},[60,99695,1604],{"class":82},[60,99697,356],{"class":78},[60,99699,10306],{"class":74},[60,99701,99702,99704],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99703,7285],{"class":1527},[60,99705,9640],{"class":74},[20,99707,99708,99709,99711],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,99710,4807],{}," for an empty set.",[46,99713,16156],{"id":16155},[33,99715,99716,99719,99724,99727,99730],{},[36,99717,99718],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[36,99720,99721,99722],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,99723,4807],{},[36,99725,99726],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[36,99728,99729],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[36,99731,99732],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[46,99734,99736],{"id":99735},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,99738,99739],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,99741,31533],{},[33,99743,99744,99747,99750,99753],{},[36,99745,99746],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[36,99748,99749],{},"Sets are unordered",[36,99751,99752],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[36,99754,99755],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,99757,99758,99759,3894,99761,123],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[551,99760,97301],{"href":98471},[551,99762,99764],{"href":99763},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[46,99766,99768],{"id":99767},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,99770,99771],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[51,99773,99775],{"className":53,"code":99774,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99776,99777,99797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99778,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793,99795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99780,4629],{"class":66},[60,99782,71],{"class":70},[60,99784,11488],{"class":74},[60,99786,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99788,88],{"class":74},[60,99790,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99792,88],{"class":74},[60,99794,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99796,10306],{"class":74},[60,99798,99799,99801,99803,99805],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99800,143],{"class":142},[60,99802,130],{"class":74},[60,99804,4659],{"class":126},[60,99806,136],{"class":74},[20,99808,99809],{},[4753,99810,31023],{},[51,99812,99813],{"className":53,"code":97580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,99814,99815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99816,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827,99829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99818,10275],{"class":74},[60,99820,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99822,88],{"class":74},[60,99824,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99826,88],{"class":74},[60,99828,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99830,10306],{"class":74},[20,99832,99833],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[415,99835,99837],{"id":99836},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,99839,99840],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[51,99842,99844],{"className":53,"code":99843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,99845,99846,99878,99888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99847,99848,99850,99852,99854,99856,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99849,4629],{"class":66},[60,99851,71],{"class":70},[60,99853,11488],{"class":74},[60,99855,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99857,88],{"class":74},[60,99859,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99861,88],{"class":74},[60,99863,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99865,88],{"class":74},[60,99867,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99869,88],{"class":74},[60,99871,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99873,88],{"class":74},[60,99875,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99877,10306],{"class":74},[60,99879,99880,99882,99884,99886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99881,143],{"class":142},[60,99883,130],{"class":74},[60,99885,4659],{"class":126},[60,99887,136],{"class":74},[60,99889,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,99891,143],{"class":142},[60,99893,130],{"class":74},[60,99895,12157],{"class":142},[60,99897,130],{"class":74},[60,99899,4659],{"class":126},[60,99901,1042],{"class":74},[20,99903,99904],{},[4753,99905,31023],{},[51,99907,99909],{"className":53,"code":99908,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99910,99911,99927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99912,99913,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99914,10275],{"class":74},[60,99916,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99918,88],{"class":74},[60,99920,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99922,88],{"class":74},[60,99924,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99926,10306],{"class":74},[60,99928,99929],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,99930,47599],{"class":1402},[20,99932,21972,99933,2360,99935,99937],{},[15,99934,1925],{},[15,99936,3079],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[46,99939,99941,99942],{"id":99940},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99943,4807],{},[20,99945,171,99946,99948],{},[15,99947,4807],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99950,6458],{},[33,99952,99953,99955,99957,99959],{},[36,99954,98060],{},[36,99956,97356],{},[36,99958,57445],{},[36,99960,99961],{},[15,99962,37186],{},[415,99964,99966],{"id":99965},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[51,99968,99970],{"className":53,"code":99969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99971,99972,100006],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,99973,99974,99976,99978,99980,99982,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,99975,4629],{"class":66},[60,99977,71],{"class":70},[60,99979,16627],{"class":1527},[60,99981,2652],{"class":74},[60,99983,1432],{"class":1402},[60,99985,88],{"class":74},[60,99987,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99989,88],{"class":74},[60,99991,1437],{"class":1402},[60,99993,88],{"class":74},[60,99995,1442],{"class":1402},[60,99997,88],{"class":74},[60,99999,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100001,88],{"class":74},[60,100003,3471],{"class":1402},[60,100005,2677],{"class":74},[60,100007,100008,100010,100012,100014],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100009,143],{"class":142},[60,100011,130],{"class":74},[60,100013,4659],{"class":126},[60,100015,136],{"class":74},[20,100017,100018],{},[4753,100019,31023],{},[51,100021,100022],{"className":53,"code":97243,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,100023,100024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100025,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100027,10275],{"class":74},[60,100029,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100031,88],{"class":74},[60,100033,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100035,88],{"class":74},[60,100037,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100039,88],{"class":74},[60,100041,3471],{"class":1402},[60,100043,10306],{"class":74},[20,100045,100046,100047,123],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[551,100048,100050],{"href":100049},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[415,100052,100054],{"id":100053},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[51,100056,100058],{"className":53,"code":100057,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,100059,100060,100086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100061,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100063,1336],{"class":66},[60,100065,71],{"class":70},[60,100067,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100069,6512],{"class":74},[60,100071,1345],{"class":1402},[60,100073,88],{"class":74},[60,100075,1407],{"class":1402},[60,100077,88],{"class":74},[60,100079,1407],{"class":1402},[60,100081,88],{"class":74},[60,100083,8791],{"class":1402},[60,100085,1042],{"class":74},[60,100087,100088,100090,100092,100094],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100089,143],{"class":142},[60,100091,130],{"class":74},[60,100093,1388],{"class":126},[60,100095,136],{"class":74},[20,100097,100098],{},[4753,100099,31023],{},[51,100101,100103],{"className":53,"code":100102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,100104,100105],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100106,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100108,10275],{"class":74},[60,100110,1345],{"class":1402},[60,100112,88],{"class":74},[60,100114,1407],{"class":1402},[60,100116,88],{"class":74},[60,100118,8791],{"class":1402},[60,100120,10306],{"class":74},[415,100122,100124],{"id":100123},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[51,100126,100128],{"className":53,"code":100127,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100129,100130,100148],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100131,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100133,767],{"class":66},[60,100135,71],{"class":70},[60,100137,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100139,130],{"class":74},[60,100141,79],{"class":78},[60,100143,1008],{"class":82},[60,100145,79],{"class":78},[60,100147,136],{"class":74},[60,100149,100150,100152,100154,100156],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100151,143],{"class":142},[60,100153,130],{"class":74},[60,100155,843],{"class":126},[60,100157,136],{"class":74},[20,100159,100160],{},[4753,100161,31023],{},[51,100163,100165],{"className":53,"code":100164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,100166,100167],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100168,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100170,10275],{"class":74},[60,100172,356],{"class":78},[60,100174,803],{"class":82},[60,100176,356],{"class":78},[60,100178,88],{"class":74},[60,100180,365],{"class":78},[60,100182,61427],{"class":82},[60,100184,356],{"class":78},[60,100186,88],{"class":74},[60,100188,365],{"class":78},[60,100190,61436],{"class":82},[60,100192,356],{"class":78},[60,100194,88],{"class":74},[60,100196,365],{"class":78},[60,100198,812],{"class":82},[60,100200,356],{"class":78},[60,100202,10306],{"class":74},[20,100204,100205],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[46,100207,100209],{"id":100208},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,100211,100212,100213,123],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,100214,4807],{},[51,100216,100218],{"className":53,"code":100217,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,100219,100220,100230,100240],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100221,100222,100224,100226,100228],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100223,99262],{"class":66},[60,100225,71],{"class":70},[60,100227,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100229,9640],{"class":74},[60,100231,100232,100234,100236,100238],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100233,143],{"class":142},[60,100235,130],{"class":74},[60,100237,99281],{"class":126},[60,100239,136],{"class":74},[60,100241,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,100243,143],{"class":142},[60,100245,130],{"class":74},[60,100247,2629],{"class":1527},[60,100249,130],{"class":74},[60,100251,99281],{"class":126},[60,100253,1042],{"class":74},[20,100255,100256],{},[4753,100257,153],{},[51,100259,100261],{"className":53,"code":100260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,100262,100263,100269],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100264,100265,100267],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100266,7285],{"class":1527},[60,100268,9640],{"class":74},[60,100270,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100272,4304],{"class":70},[60,100274,4307],{"class":3082},[60,100276,365],{"class":78},[60,100278,7285],{"class":82},[60,100280,356],{"class":78},[60,100282,4316],{"class":70},[415,100284,45410,100286],{"id":100285},"do-not-use",[15,100287,4802],{},[20,100289,100290,100291,100293],{},"Empty braces do ",[4753,100292,5632],{}," create a set.",[51,100295,100297],{"className":53,"code":100296,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,100298,100299,100307,100317],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100300,100301,100303,100305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100302,99206],{"class":66},[60,100304,71],{"class":70},[60,100306,10835],{"class":74},[60,100308,100309,100311,100313,100315],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100310,143],{"class":142},[60,100312,130],{"class":74},[60,100314,99223],{"class":126},[60,100316,136],{"class":74},[60,100318,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,100320,143],{"class":142},[60,100322,130],{"class":74},[60,100324,2629],{"class":1527},[60,100326,130],{"class":74},[60,100328,99223],{"class":126},[60,100330,1042],{"class":74},[20,100332,100333],{},[4753,100334,153],{},[51,100336,100338],{"className":53,"code":100337,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,100339,100340,100344],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100341,100342],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100343,10432],{"class":74},[60,100345,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100347,4304],{"class":70},[60,100349,4307],{"class":3082},[60,100351,365],{"class":78},[60,100353,9819],{"class":82},[60,100355,356],{"class":78},[60,100357,4316],{"class":70},[20,100359,100360,9786],{},[15,100361,4802],{},[46,100363,73244],{"id":73243},[20,100365,100366],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,100368,100369],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[51,100371,100373],{"className":53,"code":100372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,100374,100375,100423,100433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100376,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100378,67],{"class":66},[60,100380,71],{"class":70},[60,100382,11488],{"class":74},[60,100384,79],{"class":78},[60,100386,1604],{"class":82},[60,100388,79],{"class":78},[60,100390,88],{"class":74},[60,100392,91],{"class":78},[60,100394,1619],{"class":82},[60,100396,79],{"class":78},[60,100398,88],{"class":74},[60,100400,91],{"class":78},[60,100402,1604],{"class":82},[60,100404,79],{"class":78},[60,100406,88],{"class":74},[60,100408,91],{"class":78},[60,100410,1604],{"class":82},[60,100412,79],{"class":78},[60,100414,88],{"class":74},[60,100416,91],{"class":78},[60,100418,34214],{"class":82},[60,100420,79],{"class":78},[60,100422,10306],{"class":74},[60,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100426,143],{"class":142},[60,100428,130],{"class":74},[60,100430,133],{"class":126},[60,100432,136],{"class":74},[60,100434,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,100436,143],{"class":142},[60,100438,130],{"class":74},[60,100440,12157],{"class":142},[60,100442,130],{"class":74},[60,100444,133],{"class":126},[60,100446,1042],{"class":74},[20,100448,100449],{},[4753,100450,31023],{},[51,100452,100454],{"className":53,"code":100453,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,100455,100456,100484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100457,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472,100474,100476,100478,100480,100482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100459,10275],{"class":74},[60,100461,356],{"class":78},[60,100463,1619],{"class":82},[60,100465,356],{"class":78},[60,100467,88],{"class":74},[60,100469,365],{"class":78},[60,100471,34214],{"class":82},[60,100473,356],{"class":78},[60,100475,88],{"class":74},[60,100477,365],{"class":78},[60,100479,1604],{"class":82},[60,100481,356],{"class":78},[60,100483,10306],{"class":74},[60,100485,100486],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100487,47599],{"class":1402},[20,100489,100490],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[46,100492,100494],{"id":100493},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,100496,100497,100498,100500],{},"Set items must be ",[4753,100499,97344],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,100502,100503],{},"These usually work:",[33,100505,100506,100508,100510,100512],{},[36,100507,57442],{},[36,100509,57445],{},[36,100511,97356],{},[36,100513,41581],{},[51,100515,100517],{"className":53,"code":100516,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,100518,100519,100553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100520,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100522,1336],{"class":66},[60,100524,71],{"class":70},[60,100526,11488],{"class":74},[60,100528,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100530,88],{"class":74},[60,100532,91],{"class":78},[60,100534,1604],{"class":82},[60,100536,79],{"class":78},[60,100538,88],{"class":74},[60,100540,1776],{"class":74},[60,100542,1345],{"class":1402},[60,100544,88],{"class":74},[60,100546,1407],{"class":1402},[60,100548,10231],{"class":74},[60,100550,4919],{"class":1611},[60,100552,10306],{"class":74},[60,100554,100555,100557,100559,100561],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100556,143],{"class":142},[60,100558,130],{"class":74},[60,100560,1388],{"class":126},[60,100562,136],{"class":74},[20,100564,100565,100566,100568],{},"These do ",[4753,100567,5632],{}," work directly:",[33,100570,100571,100573],{},[36,100572,98060],{},[36,100574,98063],{},[51,100576,100578],{"className":53,"code":100577,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,100579,100580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100581,100582,100585,100587,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100583,100584],{"class":66},"bad_set ",[60,100586,71],{"class":70},[60,100588,100589],{"class":74}," {[",[60,100591,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100593,88],{"class":74},[60,100595,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100597,88],{"class":74},[60,100599,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100601,14698],{"class":74},[20,100603,100604],{},"This raises an error:",[51,100606,100607],{"className":53,"code":98119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,100608,100609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100610,100611,100613,100615,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100612,1472],{"class":1527},[60,100614,3901],{"class":74},[60,100616,98130],{"class":66},[60,100618,2629],{"class":1527},[60,100620,3901],{"class":74},[60,100622,365],{"class":78},[60,100624,9089],{"class":82},[60,100626,30693],{"class":78},[20,100628,53059],{},[51,100630,100632],{"className":53,"code":100631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,100633,100634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100635,100636,100638,100640,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100637,100584],{"class":66},[60,100639,71],{"class":70},[60,100641,100642],{"class":74}," {{",[60,100644,79],{"class":78},[60,100646,8666],{"class":82},[60,100648,79],{"class":78},[60,100650,3901],{"class":74},[60,100652,91],{"class":78},[60,100654,1781],{"class":82},[60,100656,79],{"class":78},[60,100658,100659],{"class":74},"}}\n",[20,100661,100662],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[46,100664,100666],{"id":100665},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[415,100668,100670],{"id":100669},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[51,100672,100674],{"className":53,"code":100673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100675,100676,100700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100679,4629],{"class":66},[60,100681,71],{"class":70},[60,100683,11488],{"class":74},[60,100685,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100687,88],{"class":74},[60,100689,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100691,88],{"class":74},[60,100693,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100695,88],{"class":74},[60,100697,3471],{"class":1402},[60,100699,10306],{"class":74},[60,100701,100702,100704,100706,100708],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100703,143],{"class":142},[60,100705,130],{"class":74},[60,100707,4659],{"class":126},[60,100709,136],{"class":74},[415,100711,100713],{"id":100712},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[51,100715,100717],{"className":53,"code":100716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,100718,100719,100747,100762,100766],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100720,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100722,664],{"class":66},[60,100724,71],{"class":70},[60,100726,75],{"class":74},[60,100728,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100730,88],{"class":74},[60,100732,6499],{"class":1402},[60,100734,88],{"class":74},[60,100736,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100738,88],{"class":74},[60,100740,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100742,88],{"class":74},[60,100744,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100746,108],{"class":74},[60,100748,100749,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100750,100751],{"class":66},"unique_items ",[60,100753,71],{"class":70},[60,100755,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100757,130],{"class":74},[60,100759,716],{"class":126},[60,100761,136],{"class":74},[60,100763,100764],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,100765,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,100767,100768,100770,100772,100775],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,100769,143],{"class":142},[60,100771,130],{"class":74},[60,100773,100774],{"class":126},"unique_items",[60,100776,136],{"class":74},[415,100778,100124],{"id":100779},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[51,100781,100783],{"className":53,"code":100782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,100784,100785,100803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100786,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100788,767],{"class":66},[60,100790,71],{"class":70},[60,100792,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100794,130],{"class":74},[60,100796,79],{"class":78},[60,100798,1619],{"class":82},[60,100800,79],{"class":78},[60,100802,136],{"class":74},[60,100804,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100806,143],{"class":142},[60,100808,130],{"class":74},[60,100810,843],{"class":126},[60,100812,136],{"class":74},[415,100814,100816],{"id":100815},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[51,100818,100820],{"className":53,"code":100819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,100821,100822,100832],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100823,100824,100826,100828,100830],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100825,99262],{"class":66},[60,100827,71],{"class":70},[60,100829,16627],{"class":1527},[60,100831,9640],{"class":74},[60,100833,100834,100836,100838,100840],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100835,143],{"class":142},[60,100837,130],{"class":74},[60,100839,99281],{"class":126},[60,100841,136],{"class":74},[46,100843,3845],{"id":3844},[20,100845,100846],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[415,100848,9413,100850,100852],{"id":100849},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100851,4802],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100854,100855],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[51,100857,100859],{"className":53,"code":100858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100860,100861,100869],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100862,100863,100865,100867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100864,3462],{"class":66},[60,100866,71],{"class":70},[60,100868,10835],{"class":74},[60,100870,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879,100881],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100872,143],{"class":142},[60,100874,130],{"class":74},[60,100876,2629],{"class":1527},[60,100878,130],{"class":74},[60,100880,3487],{"class":126},[60,100882,1042],{"class":74},[20,100884,100885],{},"This prints:",[51,100887,100888],{"className":53,"code":9806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,100889,100890],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100893,4304],{"class":70},[60,100895,4307],{"class":3082},[60,100897,365],{"class":78},[60,100899,9819],{"class":82},[60,100901,356],{"class":78},[60,100903,4316],{"class":70},[20,100905,171,100906,2225],{},[15,100907,4807],{},[415,100909,100911],{"id":100910},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100913,100914],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[51,100916,100918],{"className":53,"code":100917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100919,100920,100948],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100921,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100923,4629],{"class":66},[60,100925,71],{"class":70},[60,100927,11488],{"class":74},[60,100929,1432],{"class":1402},[60,100931,88],{"class":74},[60,100933,6499],{"class":1402},[60,100935,88],{"class":74},[60,100937,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100939,88],{"class":74},[60,100941,1437],{"class":1402},[60,100943,88],{"class":74},[60,100945,1442],{"class":1402},[60,100947,10306],{"class":74},[60,100949,100950,100952,100954,100956],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100951,143],{"class":142},[60,100953,130],{"class":74},[60,100955,4659],{"class":126},[60,100957,136],{"class":74},[20,100959,100960],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[415,100962,100964],{"id":100963},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100966,100967],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100969,100970],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[51,100972,100974],{"className":53,"code":100973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100975,100976,100996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,100977,100978,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,100979,4629],{"class":66},[60,100981,71],{"class":70},[60,100983,11488],{"class":74},[60,100985,1345],{"class":1402},[60,100987,88],{"class":74},[60,100989,1407],{"class":1402},[60,100991,88],{"class":74},[60,100993,8791],{"class":1402},[60,100995,10306],{"class":74},[60,100997,100998],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,100999,101000],{"class":4674},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,101002,101003],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[415,101005,101007],{"id":101006},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,101009,101010],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[51,101012,101014],{"className":53,"code":101013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,101015,101016,101021],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101017,101018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101019,101020],{"class":4674},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[60,101022,101023],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101024,101025],{"class":4674},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,101027,101028,101029,123],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,101030,1472],{},[415,101032,101034],{"id":101033},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,101036,101037],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[51,101039,101041],{"className":53,"code":101040,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,101042,101043,101063,101095,101099,101113],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101044,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101046,16622],{"class":66},[60,101048,71],{"class":70},[60,101050,11488],{"class":74},[60,101052,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101054,88],{"class":74},[60,101056,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101058,88],{"class":74},[60,101060,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101062,10306],{"class":74},[60,101064,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101066,12720],{"class":66},[60,101068,71],{"class":70},[60,101070,11488],{"class":74},[60,101072,79],{"class":78},[60,101074,551],{"class":82},[60,101076,79],{"class":78},[60,101078,3901],{"class":74},[60,101080,6499],{"class":1402},[60,101082,88],{"class":74},[60,101084,91],{"class":78},[60,101086,2258],{"class":82},[60,101088,79],{"class":78},[60,101090,3901],{"class":74},[60,101092,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101094,10306],{"class":74},[60,101096,101097],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101098,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101100,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101102,143],{"class":142},[60,101104,130],{"class":74},[60,101106,2629],{"class":1527},[60,101108,130],{"class":74},[60,101110,16660],{"class":126},[60,101112,1042],{"class":74},[60,101114,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,101116,143],{"class":142},[60,101118,130],{"class":74},[60,101120,2629],{"class":1527},[60,101122,130],{"class":74},[60,101124,12445],{"class":126},[60,101126,1042],{"class":74},[46,101128,93757],{"id":93756},[20,101130,101131],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[51,101133,101135],{"className":53,"code":101134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,101136,101137,101163,101167,101181,101191,101205,101212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101138,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101140,16622],{"class":66},[60,101142,71],{"class":70},[60,101144,16627],{"class":1527},[60,101146,2652],{"class":74},[60,101148,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101150,88],{"class":74},[60,101152,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101154,88],{"class":74},[60,101156,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101158,88],{"class":74},[60,101160,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101162,2677],{"class":74},[60,101164,101165],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101166,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101168,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101170,143],{"class":142},[60,101172,130],{"class":74},[60,101174,2629],{"class":1527},[60,101176,130],{"class":74},[60,101178,16660],{"class":126},[60,101180,1042],{"class":74},[60,101182,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101184,143],{"class":142},[60,101186,130],{"class":74},[60,101188,16660],{"class":126},[60,101190,136],{"class":74},[60,101192,101193,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,101194,143],{"class":142},[60,101196,130],{"class":74},[60,101198,12157],{"class":142},[60,101200,130],{"class":74},[60,101202,16660],{"class":126},[60,101204,1042],{"class":74},[60,101206,101207,101209],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,101208,143],{"class":142},[60,101210,101211],{"class":74},"({})\n",[60,101213,101214,101216,101218,101220],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,101215,143],{"class":142},[60,101217,130],{"class":74},[60,101219,7285],{"class":1527},[60,101221,8193],{"class":74},[20,101223,101224],{},"Use these to confirm:",[33,101226,101227,101230,101233,101236],{},[36,101228,101229],{},"The object type",[36,101231,101232],{},"The actual values stored",[36,101234,101235],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[36,101237,101238,101239,2360,101241],{},"The difference between ",[15,101240,4802],{},[15,101242,4807],{},[46,101244,2804],{"id":2803},[415,101246,101248],{"id":101247},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,101250,101251,101252,101255,101256,101258],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,101253,101254],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,101257,4807],{}," with another iterable.",[415,101260,101262],{"id":101261},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,101264,171,101265,101267,101268,101270],{},[15,101266,4807],{},". Empty braces ",[15,101269,4802],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[415,101272,101274],{"id":101273},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,101276,101277],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[415,101279,101281],{"id":101280},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,101283,101284],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[415,101286,101288],{"id":101287},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,101290,101291],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[46,101293,2870],{"id":2869},[33,101295,101296,101300,101306,101312,101317],{},[36,101297,101298],{},[551,101299,97301],{"href":98471},[36,101301,101302],{},[551,101303,163,101304,2887],{"href":99472},[15,101305,97181],{},[36,101307,101308],{},[551,101309,163,101310,2887],{"href":99491},[15,101311,98287],{},[36,101313,101314],{},[551,101315,101316],{"href":100049},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[36,101318,101319],{},[551,101320,101321],{"href":99763},"What is a set in Python?",[20,101323,101324],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2912,101326,101327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":101329},[101330,101331,101332,101333,101336,101342,101346,101347,101348,101354,101362,101363,101370],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":99735,"depth":111,"text":99736},{"id":99767,"depth":111,"text":99768,"children":101334},[101335],{"id":99836,"depth":139,"text":99837},{"id":99940,"depth":111,"text":101337,"children":101338},"Create a set with set()",[101339,101340,101341],{"id":99965,"depth":139,"text":99966},{"id":100053,"depth":139,"text":100054},{"id":100123,"depth":139,"text":100124},{"id":100208,"depth":111,"text":100209,"children":101343},[101344],{"id":100285,"depth":139,"text":101345},"Do not use {}",{"id":73243,"depth":111,"text":73244},{"id":100493,"depth":111,"text":100494},{"id":100665,"depth":111,"text":100666,"children":101349},[101350,101351,101352,101353],{"id":100669,"depth":139,"text":100670},{"id":100712,"depth":139,"text":100713},{"id":100779,"depth":139,"text":100124},{"id":100815,"depth":139,"text":100816},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":101355},[101356,101358,101359,101360,101361],{"id":100849,"depth":139,"text":101357},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100910,"depth":139,"text":100911},{"id":100963,"depth":139,"text":100964},{"id":101006,"depth":139,"text":101007},{"id":101033,"depth":139,"text":101034},{"id":93756,"depth":111,"text":93757},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":101364},[101365,101366,101367,101368,101369],{"id":101247,"depth":139,"text":101248},{"id":101261,"depth":139,"text":101262},{"id":101273,"depth":139,"text":101274},{"id":101280,"depth":139,"text":101281},{"id":101287,"depth":139,"text":101288},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":99538,"description":101371},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":101377,"title":101378,"body":101379,"description":103810,"extension":2980,"meta":103811,"navigation":304,"path":103812,"seo":103813,"stem":103814,"__hash__":103815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":101380,"toc":103775},[101381,101387,101393,101396,101398,101475,101477,101494,101504,101506,101511,101519,101521,101537,101541,101543,101545,101548,101569,101572,101596,101602,101604,101701,101703,101720,101730,101732,101734,101742,101744,101755,101757,101848,101850,101874,101885,101887,101889,101892,102022,102024,102097,102099,102120,102123,102125,102131,102136,102139,102266,102268,102285,102288,102290,102298,102301,102305,102313,102404,102406,102443,102448,102455,102532,102534,102550,102555,102560,102562,102571,102579,102660,102662,102691,102694,102698,102709,102712,102795,102797,102818,102824,102826,102828,102832,102836,102843,102908,102910,102930,102933,103002,103004,103020,103024,103030,103042,103050,103052,103137,103139,103168,103171,103175,103180,103182,103232,103235,103316,103318,103334,103338,103341,103416,103419,103423,103426,103503,103505,103538,103544,103548,103551,103686,103688,103702,103704,103706,103712,103715,103722,103730,103736,103739,103743,103746,103748,103750,103772],[10,101382,97173,101384,18],{"id":101383},"python-set-difference-method",[15,101385,101386],{},"difference()",[20,101388,101389,101392],{},[15,101390,101391],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,101394,101395],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[46,101397,49],{"id":48},[51,101399,101401],{"className":53,"code":101400,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101402,101403,101427,101447,101465],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101404,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101406,3569],{"class":66},[60,101408,71],{"class":70},[60,101410,11488],{"class":74},[60,101412,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101414,88],{"class":74},[60,101416,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101418,88],{"class":74},[60,101420,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101422,88],{"class":74},[60,101424,3471],{"class":1402},[60,101426,10306],{"class":74},[60,101428,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101430,3596],{"class":66},[60,101432,71],{"class":70},[60,101434,11488],{"class":74},[60,101436,3079],{"class":1402},[60,101438,88],{"class":74},[60,101440,3471],{"class":1402},[60,101442,88],{"class":74},[60,101444,5606],{"class":1402},[60,101446,10306],{"class":74},[60,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101450,114],{"class":66},[60,101452,71],{"class":70},[60,101454,57868],{"class":66},[60,101456,123],{"class":74},[60,101458,3826],{"class":126},[60,101460,130],{"class":74},[60,101462,2258],{"class":126},[60,101464,136],{"class":74},[60,101466,101467,101469,101471,101473],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101468,143],{"class":142},[60,101470,130],{"class":74},[60,101472,148],{"class":126},[60,101474,136],{"class":74},[20,101476,153],{},[51,101478,101480],{"className":53,"code":101479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n",[15,101481,101482],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101483,101484,101486,101488,101490,101492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101485,10275],{"class":74},[60,101487,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101489,88],{"class":74},[60,101491,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101493,10306],{"class":74},[20,101495,101496,101498,101499,101501,101502,123],{},[15,101497,101386],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,101500,551],{}," that are not in ",[15,101503,2258],{},[45898,101505],{},[46,101507,178,101509,181],{"id":101508},"what-difference-does",[15,101510,101386],{},[20,101512,2997,101513,101515,101516,101518],{},[15,101514,101386],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[4753,101517,5632],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,101520,14046],{},[33,101522,101523,101528,101531,101534],{},[36,101524,101525,101527],{},[15,101526,101386],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[36,101529,101530],{},"It creates a new set",[36,101532,101533],{},"It does not change the original set",[36,101535,101536],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,101538,97297,101539,123],{},[551,101540,97301],{"href":98471},[45898,101542],{},[46,101544,389],{"id":388},[20,101546,101547],{},"Use this form:",[51,101549,101551],{"className":53,"code":101550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,101552,101553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101554,101555,101558,101560,101562,101564,101567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101556,101557],{"class":66},"set1",[60,101559,123],{"class":74},[60,101561,3826],{"class":126},[60,101563,130],{"class":74},[60,101565,101566],{"class":126},"set2",[60,101568,136],{"class":74},[20,101570,101571],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[51,101573,101575],{"className":53,"code":101574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,101576,101577],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101578,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589,101591,101594],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101580,101557],{"class":66},[60,101582,123],{"class":74},[60,101584,3826],{"class":126},[60,101586,130],{"class":74},[60,101588,101566],{"class":126},[60,101590,88],{"class":74},[60,101592,101593],{"class":126}," set3",[60,101595,136],{"class":74},[20,101597,101598,101599,101601],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[4753,101600,6355],{}," of the other sets.",[20,101603,236],{},[51,101605,101607],{"className":53,"code":101606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101608,101609,101637,101653,101665,101669,101691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101610,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101612,3569],{"class":66},[60,101614,71],{"class":70},[60,101616,11488],{"class":74},[60,101618,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101620,88],{"class":74},[60,101622,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101624,88],{"class":74},[60,101626,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101628,88],{"class":74},[60,101630,3471],{"class":1402},[60,101632,88],{"class":74},[60,101634,5606],{"class":1402},[60,101636,10306],{"class":74},[60,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101640,3596],{"class":66},[60,101642,71],{"class":70},[60,101644,11488],{"class":74},[60,101646,1925],{"class":1402},[60,101648,88],{"class":74},[60,101650,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101652,10306],{"class":74},[60,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101656,84159],{"class":66},[60,101658,71],{"class":70},[60,101660,11488],{"class":74},[60,101662,3154],{"class":1402},[60,101664,10306],{"class":74},[60,101666,101667],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101668,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101670,101671,101673,101675,101677,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,101672,114],{"class":66},[60,101674,71],{"class":70},[60,101676,57868],{"class":66},[60,101678,123],{"class":74},[60,101680,3826],{"class":126},[60,101682,130],{"class":74},[60,101684,2258],{"class":126},[60,101686,88],{"class":74},[60,101688,10679],{"class":126},[60,101690,136],{"class":74},[60,101692,101693,101695,101697,101699],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,101694,143],{"class":142},[60,101696,130],{"class":74},[60,101698,148],{"class":126},[60,101700,136],{"class":74},[20,101702,153],{},[51,101704,101706],{"className":53,"code":101705,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 4}\n",[15,101707,101708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101709,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101711,10275],{"class":74},[60,101713,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101715,88],{"class":74},[60,101717,3471],{"class":1402},[60,101719,10306],{"class":74},[20,101721,101722,101723,101725,101726,3894,101728,123],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,101724,551],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,101727,2258],{},[15,101729,1895],{},[45898,101731],{},[46,101733,18413],{"id":18412},[20,101735,101736,101738,101739,123],{},[15,101737,101386],{}," always returns a ",[4753,101740,101741],{},"new set",[20,101743,44631],{},[33,101745,101746,101749,101752],{},[36,101747,101748],{},"The return value is a new set",[36,101750,101751],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[36,101753,101754],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,101756,236],{},[51,101758,101760],{"className":53,"code":101759,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,101761,101762,101778,101798,101802,101820,101824,101834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101763,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101765,3569],{"class":66},[60,101767,71],{"class":70},[60,101769,11488],{"class":74},[60,101771,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101773,88],{"class":74},[60,101775,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101777,10306],{"class":74},[60,101779,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790,101792,101794,101796],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101781,3596],{"class":66},[60,101783,71],{"class":70},[60,101785,11488],{"class":74},[60,101787,1432],{"class":1402},[60,101789,88],{"class":74},[60,101791,1437],{"class":1402},[60,101793,88],{"class":74},[60,101795,1442],{"class":1402},[60,101797,10306],{"class":74},[60,101799,101800],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101801,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101803,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101805,114],{"class":66},[60,101807,71],{"class":70},[60,101809,57868],{"class":66},[60,101811,123],{"class":74},[60,101813,3826],{"class":126},[60,101815,130],{"class":74},[60,101817,2258],{"class":126},[60,101819,136],{"class":74},[60,101821,101822],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,101823,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101825,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,101827,143],{"class":142},[60,101829,130],{"class":74},[60,101831,148],{"class":126},[60,101833,136],{"class":74},[60,101835,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,101837,143],{"class":142},[60,101839,130],{"class":74},[60,101841,2629],{"class":1527},[60,101843,130],{"class":74},[60,101845,148],{"class":126},[60,101847,1042],{"class":74},[20,101849,153],{},[51,101851,101852],{"className":53,"code":100260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,101853,101854,101860],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101855,101856,101858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101857,7285],{"class":1527},[60,101859,9640],{"class":74},[60,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101863,4304],{"class":70},[60,101865,4307],{"class":3082},[60,101867,365],{"class":78},[60,101869,7285],{"class":82},[60,101871,356],{"class":78},[60,101873,4316],{"class":70},[20,101875,101876,101877,19957,101879,101881,101882,101884],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101878,4807],{},[15,101880,4802],{},". In Python, ",[15,101883,4802],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45898,101886],{},[46,101888,12470],{"id":12469},[20,101890,101891],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[51,101893,101895],{"className":53,"code":101894,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101896,101897,101930,101963,101967,101987,101991,102001,102012],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,101898,101899,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924,101926,101928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,101900,101901],{"class":66},"fruits_a ",[60,101903,71],{"class":70},[60,101905,11488],{"class":74},[60,101907,79],{"class":78},[60,101909,1604],{"class":82},[60,101911,79],{"class":78},[60,101913,88],{"class":74},[60,101915,91],{"class":78},[60,101917,1619],{"class":82},[60,101919,79],{"class":78},[60,101921,88],{"class":74},[60,101923,91],{"class":78},[60,101925,34214],{"class":82},[60,101927,79],{"class":78},[60,101929,10306],{"class":74},[60,101931,101932,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,101933,101934],{"class":66},"fruits_b ",[60,101936,71],{"class":70},[60,101938,11488],{"class":74},[60,101940,79],{"class":78},[60,101942,1619],{"class":82},[60,101944,79],{"class":78},[60,101946,88],{"class":74},[60,101948,91],{"class":78},[60,101950,34214],{"class":82},[60,101952,79],{"class":78},[60,101954,88],{"class":74},[60,101956,91],{"class":78},[60,101958,23526],{"class":82},[60,101960,79],{"class":78},[60,101962,10306],{"class":74},[60,101964,101965],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,101966,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101968,101969,101971,101973,101976,101978,101980,101982,101985],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,101970,114],{"class":66},[60,101972,71],{"class":70},[60,101974,101975],{"class":66}," fruits_a",[60,101977,123],{"class":74},[60,101979,3826],{"class":126},[60,101981,130],{"class":74},[60,101983,101984],{"class":126},"fruits_b",[60,101986,136],{"class":74},[60,101988,101989],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,101990,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,101992,101993,101995,101997,101999],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,101994,143],{"class":142},[60,101996,130],{"class":74},[60,101998,148],{"class":126},[60,102000,136],{"class":74},[60,102002,102003,102005,102007,102010],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,102004,143],{"class":142},[60,102006,130],{"class":74},[60,102008,102009],{"class":126},"fruits_a",[60,102011,136],{"class":74},[60,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,102015,143],{"class":142},[60,102017,130],{"class":74},[60,102019,101984],{"class":126},[60,102021,136],{"class":74},[20,102023,31023],{},[51,102025,102027],{"className":53,"code":102026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,102028,102029,102041,102069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102030,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102032,10275],{"class":74},[60,102034,356],{"class":78},[60,102036,1604],{"class":82},[60,102038,356],{"class":78},[60,102040,10306],{"class":74},[60,102042,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102044,10275],{"class":74},[60,102046,356],{"class":78},[60,102048,1619],{"class":82},[60,102050,356],{"class":78},[60,102052,88],{"class":74},[60,102054,365],{"class":78},[60,102056,34214],{"class":82},[60,102058,356],{"class":78},[60,102060,88],{"class":74},[60,102062,365],{"class":78},[60,102064,1604],{"class":82},[60,102066,356],{"class":78},[60,102068,10306],{"class":74},[60,102070,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102072,10275],{"class":74},[60,102074,356],{"class":78},[60,102076,1619],{"class":82},[60,102078,356],{"class":78},[60,102080,88],{"class":74},[60,102082,365],{"class":78},[60,102084,34214],{"class":82},[60,102086,356],{"class":78},[60,102088,88],{"class":74},[60,102090,365],{"class":78},[60,102092,23526],{"class":82},[60,102094,356],{"class":78},[60,102096,10306],{"class":74},[20,102098,12679],{},[33,102100,102101,102106,102111,102117],{},[36,102102,102103,102104],{},"Start with ",[15,102105,102009],{},[36,102107,102108,102109],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,102110,101984],{},[36,102112,102113,102114,102116],{},"Only ",[15,102115,58813],{}," remains",[36,102118,102119],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,102121,102122],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45898,102124],{},[46,102126,9413,102128,102130],{"id":102127},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,102129,101386],{}," with multiple sets",[20,102132,102133,102134,123],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,102135,101386],{},[20,102137,102138],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[51,102140,102142],{"className":53,"code":102141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,102143,102144,102176,102193,102206,102223,102227,102256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102145,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102147,4629],{"class":66},[60,102149,71],{"class":70},[60,102151,11488],{"class":74},[60,102153,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102155,88],{"class":74},[60,102157,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102159,88],{"class":74},[60,102161,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102163,88],{"class":74},[60,102165,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102167,88],{"class":74},[60,102169,5606],{"class":1402},[60,102171,88],{"class":74},[60,102173,38631],{"class":1402},[60,102175,10306],{"class":74},[60,102177,102178,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102179,102180],{"class":66},"group_a ",[60,102182,71],{"class":70},[60,102184,11488],{"class":74},[60,102186,1925],{"class":1402},[60,102188,88],{"class":74},[60,102190,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102192,10306],{"class":74},[60,102194,102195,102198,102200,102202,102204],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102196,102197],{"class":66},"group_b ",[60,102199,71],{"class":70},[60,102201,11488],{"class":74},[60,102203,3154],{"class":1402},[60,102205,10306],{"class":74},[60,102207,102208,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102209,102210],{"class":66},"group_c ",[60,102212,71],{"class":70},[60,102214,11488],{"class":74},[60,102216,81567],{"class":1402},[60,102218,88],{"class":74},[60,102220,6994],{"class":1402},[60,102222,10306],{"class":74},[60,102224,102225],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102226,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102228,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102244,102246,102249,102251,102254],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,102230,114],{"class":66},[60,102232,71],{"class":70},[60,102234,5264],{"class":66},[60,102236,123],{"class":74},[60,102238,3826],{"class":126},[60,102240,130],{"class":74},[60,102242,102243],{"class":126},"group_a",[60,102245,88],{"class":74},[60,102247,102248],{"class":126}," group_b",[60,102250,88],{"class":74},[60,102252,102253],{"class":126}," group_c",[60,102255,136],{"class":74},[60,102257,102258,102260,102262,102264],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,102259,143],{"class":142},[60,102261,130],{"class":74},[60,102263,148],{"class":126},[60,102265,136],{"class":74},[20,102267,153],{},[51,102269,102271],{"className":53,"code":102270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3}\n",[15,102272,102273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102274,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102276,10275],{"class":74},[60,102278,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102280,88],{"class":74},[60,102282,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102284,10306],{"class":74},[20,102286,102287],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45898,102289],{},[46,102291,102293,11583,102295],{"id":102292},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,102294,101386],{},[15,102296,102297],{},"difference_update()",[20,102299,102300],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[415,102302,102303],{"id":3826},[15,102304,101386],{},[33,102306,102307,102310],{},[36,102308,102309],{},"Returns a new set",[36,102311,102312],{},"Does not change the original set",[51,102314,102316],{"className":53,"code":102315,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102317,102318,102342,102358,102362,102380,102384,102394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102321,3569],{"class":66},[60,102323,71],{"class":70},[60,102325,11488],{"class":74},[60,102327,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102329,88],{"class":74},[60,102331,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102333,88],{"class":74},[60,102335,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102337,88],{"class":74},[60,102339,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102341,10306],{"class":74},[60,102343,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102345,3596],{"class":66},[60,102347,71],{"class":70},[60,102349,11488],{"class":74},[60,102351,3079],{"class":1402},[60,102353,88],{"class":74},[60,102355,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102357,10306],{"class":74},[60,102359,102360],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102361,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102363,102364,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102365,114],{"class":66},[60,102367,71],{"class":70},[60,102369,57868],{"class":66},[60,102371,123],{"class":74},[60,102373,3826],{"class":126},[60,102375,130],{"class":74},[60,102377,2258],{"class":126},[60,102379,136],{"class":74},[60,102381,102382],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102383,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102385,102386,102388,102390,102392],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,102387,143],{"class":142},[60,102389,130],{"class":74},[60,102391,148],{"class":126},[60,102393,136],{"class":74},[60,102395,102396,102398,102400,102402],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,102397,143],{"class":142},[60,102399,130],{"class":74},[60,102401,551],{"class":126},[60,102403,136],{"class":74},[20,102405,153],{},[51,102407,102409],{"className":53,"code":102408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,102410,102411,102423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102412,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102414,10275],{"class":74},[60,102416,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102418,88],{"class":74},[60,102420,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102422,10306],{"class":74},[60,102424,102425,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102426,10275],{"class":74},[60,102428,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102430,88],{"class":74},[60,102432,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102434,88],{"class":74},[60,102436,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102438,88],{"class":74},[60,102440,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102442,10306],{"class":74},[415,102444,102446],{"id":102445},"difference_update",[15,102447,102297],{},[33,102449,102450,102453],{},[36,102451,102452],{},"Changes the original set",[36,102454,97291],{},[51,102456,102458],{"className":53,"code":102457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,102459,102460,102484,102500,102504,102518,102522],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102463,3569],{"class":66},[60,102465,71],{"class":70},[60,102467,11488],{"class":74},[60,102469,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102471,88],{"class":74},[60,102473,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102475,88],{"class":74},[60,102477,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102479,88],{"class":74},[60,102481,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102483,10306],{"class":74},[60,102485,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102487,3596],{"class":66},[60,102489,71],{"class":70},[60,102491,11488],{"class":74},[60,102493,3079],{"class":1402},[60,102495,88],{"class":74},[60,102497,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102499,10306],{"class":74},[60,102501,102502],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102503,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102505,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102507,551],{"class":66},[60,102509,123],{"class":74},[60,102511,102445],{"class":126},[60,102513,130],{"class":74},[60,102515,2258],{"class":126},[60,102517,136],{"class":74},[60,102519,102520],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102521,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102523,102524,102526,102528,102530],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,102525,143],{"class":142},[60,102527,130],{"class":74},[60,102529,551],{"class":126},[60,102531,136],{"class":74},[20,102533,153],{},[51,102535,102536],{"className":53,"code":101479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,102537,102538],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102539,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102541,10275],{"class":74},[60,102543,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102545,88],{"class":74},[60,102547,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102549,10306],{"class":74},[20,102551,171,102552,102554],{},[15,102553,101386],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,102556,102557,102558,34594],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,102559,102297],{},[45898,102561],{},[46,102563,102565,102567,102568,102570],{"id":102564},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,102566,101386],{}," vs the ",[15,102569,929],{}," operator",[20,102572,2997,102573,102575,102576,102578],{},[15,102574,929],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,102577,101386],{}," for two sets.",[51,102580,102582],{"className":53,"code":102581,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,102583,102584,102608,102624,102628,102646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102585,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102587,3569],{"class":66},[60,102589,71],{"class":70},[60,102591,11488],{"class":74},[60,102593,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102595,88],{"class":74},[60,102597,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102599,88],{"class":74},[60,102601,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102603,88],{"class":74},[60,102605,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102607,10306],{"class":74},[60,102609,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102611,3596],{"class":66},[60,102613,71],{"class":70},[60,102615,11488],{"class":74},[60,102617,3079],{"class":1402},[60,102619,88],{"class":74},[60,102621,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102623,10306],{"class":74},[60,102625,102626],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102627,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102629,102630,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102631,143],{"class":142},[60,102633,130],{"class":74},[60,102635,551],{"class":126},[60,102637,123],{"class":74},[60,102639,3826],{"class":126},[60,102641,130],{"class":74},[60,102643,2258],{"class":126},[60,102645,1042],{"class":74},[60,102647,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102649,143],{"class":142},[60,102651,130],{"class":74},[60,102653,3569],{"class":126},[60,102655,929],{"class":70},[60,102657,3574],{"class":126},[60,102659,136],{"class":74},[20,102661,153],{},[51,102663,102665],{"className":53,"code":102664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102666,102667,102679],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102668,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102670,10275],{"class":74},[60,102672,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102674,88],{"class":74},[60,102676,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102678,10306],{"class":74},[60,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102682,10275],{"class":74},[60,102684,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102686,88],{"class":74},[60,102688,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102690,10306],{"class":74},[20,102692,102693],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,102695,95561,102696,2863],{},[15,102697,101386],{},[33,102699,102700,102703,102706],{},[36,102701,102702],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[36,102704,102705],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[36,102707,102708],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,102710,102711],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[51,102713,102715],{"className":53,"code":102714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,102716,102717,102745,102757,102769,102773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102718,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102720,3569],{"class":66},[60,102722,71],{"class":70},[60,102724,11488],{"class":74},[60,102726,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102728,88],{"class":74},[60,102730,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102732,88],{"class":74},[60,102734,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102736,88],{"class":74},[60,102738,3471],{"class":1402},[60,102740,88],{"class":74},[60,102742,5606],{"class":1402},[60,102744,10306],{"class":74},[60,102746,102747,102749,102751,102753,102755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102748,3596],{"class":66},[60,102750,71],{"class":70},[60,102752,11488],{"class":74},[60,102754,1925],{"class":1402},[60,102756,10306],{"class":74},[60,102758,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102760,84159],{"class":66},[60,102762,71],{"class":70},[60,102764,11488],{"class":74},[60,102766,3519],{"class":1402},[60,102768,10306],{"class":74},[60,102770,102771],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102772,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102776,143],{"class":142},[60,102778,130],{"class":74},[60,102780,551],{"class":126},[60,102782,123],{"class":74},[60,102784,3826],{"class":126},[60,102786,130],{"class":74},[60,102788,2258],{"class":126},[60,102790,88],{"class":74},[60,102792,10679],{"class":126},[60,102794,1042],{"class":74},[20,102796,153],{},[51,102798,102800],{"className":53,"code":102799,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,102801,102802],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102803,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102805,10275],{"class":74},[60,102807,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102809,88],{"class":74},[60,102811,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102813,88],{"class":74},[60,102815,5606],{"class":1402},[60,102817,10306],{"class":74},[20,102819,102820,102821,102823],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,102822,929],{}," operator expression.",[45898,102825],{},[46,102827,5520],{"id":5519},[20,102829,22206,102830,123],{},[15,102831,101386],{},[415,102833,102835],{"id":102834},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,102837,5629,102838,102840,102841,3901],{},[4753,102839,5632],{}," change ",[15,102842,551],{},[51,102844,102846],{"className":53,"code":102845,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102847,102848,102868,102880,102884,102898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102849,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102851,3569],{"class":66},[60,102853,71],{"class":70},[60,102855,11488],{"class":74},[60,102857,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102859,88],{"class":74},[60,102861,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102863,88],{"class":74},[60,102865,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102867,10306],{"class":74},[60,102869,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102871,3596],{"class":66},[60,102873,71],{"class":70},[60,102875,11488],{"class":74},[60,102877,3079],{"class":1402},[60,102879,10306],{"class":74},[60,102881,102882],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102883,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102885,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102887,551],{"class":66},[60,102889,123],{"class":74},[60,102891,3826],{"class":126},[60,102893,130],{"class":74},[60,102895,2258],{"class":126},[60,102897,136],{"class":74},[60,102899,102900,102902,102904,102906],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102901,143],{"class":142},[60,102903,130],{"class":74},[60,102905,551],{"class":126},[60,102907,136],{"class":74},[20,102909,153],{},[51,102911,102912],{"className":53,"code":97580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,102913,102914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102915,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102917,10275],{"class":74},[60,102919,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102921,88],{"class":74},[60,102923,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102925,88],{"class":74},[60,102927,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102929,10306],{"class":74},[20,102931,102932],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[51,102934,102936],{"className":53,"code":102935,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102937,102938,102958,102970,102974,102992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,102939,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,102941,3569],{"class":66},[60,102943,71],{"class":70},[60,102945,11488],{"class":74},[60,102947,1432],{"class":1402},[60,102949,88],{"class":74},[60,102951,1437],{"class":1402},[60,102953,88],{"class":74},[60,102955,1442],{"class":1402},[60,102957,10306],{"class":74},[60,102959,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,102961,3596],{"class":66},[60,102963,71],{"class":70},[60,102965,11488],{"class":74},[60,102967,3079],{"class":1402},[60,102969,10306],{"class":74},[60,102971,102972],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,102973,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,102975,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,102977,3569],{"class":66},[60,102979,71],{"class":70},[60,102981,57868],{"class":66},[60,102983,123],{"class":74},[60,102985,3826],{"class":126},[60,102987,130],{"class":74},[60,102989,2258],{"class":126},[60,102991,136],{"class":74},[60,102993,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,102995,143],{"class":142},[60,102997,130],{"class":74},[60,102999,551],{"class":126},[60,103001,136],{"class":74},[20,103003,153],{},[51,103005,103006],{"className":53,"code":101479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,103007,103008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103011,10275],{"class":74},[60,103013,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103015,88],{"class":74},[60,103017,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103019,10306],{"class":74},[415,103021,103023],{"id":103022},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,103025,103026,103029],{},[15,103027,103028],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[33,103031,103032,103037],{},[36,103033,103034,103035],{},"keep items from ",[15,103036,551],{},[36,103038,103039,103040],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,103041,2258],{},[20,103043,41892,103044,103046,103047,103049],{},[4753,103045,5632],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,103048,2258],{},"”.",[20,103051,236],{},[51,103053,103055],{"className":53,"code":103054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,103056,103057,103077,103097,103101,103119],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103058,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103060,3569],{"class":66},[60,103062,71],{"class":70},[60,103064,11488],{"class":74},[60,103066,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103068,88],{"class":74},[60,103070,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103072,88],{"class":74},[60,103074,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103076,10306],{"class":74},[60,103078,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103080,3596],{"class":66},[60,103082,71],{"class":70},[60,103084,11488],{"class":74},[60,103086,3079],{"class":1402},[60,103088,88],{"class":74},[60,103090,3471],{"class":1402},[60,103092,88],{"class":74},[60,103094,5606],{"class":1402},[60,103096,10306],{"class":74},[60,103098,103099],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103100,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103102,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103104,143],{"class":142},[60,103106,130],{"class":74},[60,103108,551],{"class":126},[60,103110,123],{"class":74},[60,103112,3826],{"class":126},[60,103114,130],{"class":74},[60,103116,2258],{"class":126},[60,103118,1042],{"class":74},[60,103120,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,103122,143],{"class":142},[60,103124,130],{"class":74},[60,103126,2258],{"class":126},[60,103128,123],{"class":74},[60,103130,3826],{"class":126},[60,103132,130],{"class":74},[60,103134,551],{"class":126},[60,103136,1042],{"class":74},[20,103138,153],{},[51,103140,103142],{"className":53,"code":103141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,103143,103144,103156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103145,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103147,10275],{"class":74},[60,103149,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103151,88],{"class":74},[60,103153,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103155,10306],{"class":74},[60,103157,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103159,10275],{"class":74},[60,103161,3519],{"class":1402},[60,103163,88],{"class":74},[60,103165,5606],{"class":1402},[60,103167,10306],{"class":74},[20,103169,103170],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[415,103172,103174],{"id":103173},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,103176,103177,103179],{},[15,103178,101386],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,103181,56299],{},[51,103183,103185],{"className":53,"code":103184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,103186,103187,103207,103223,103227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103188,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103190,3569],{"class":66},[60,103192,71],{"class":70},[60,103194,75],{"class":74},[60,103196,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103198,88],{"class":74},[60,103200,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103202,88],{"class":74},[60,103204,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103206,108],{"class":74},[60,103208,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103210,3596],{"class":66},[60,103212,71],{"class":70},[60,103214,75],{"class":74},[60,103216,3079],{"class":1402},[60,103218,88],{"class":74},[60,103220,3471],{"class":1402},[60,103222,108],{"class":74},[60,103224,103225],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103226,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103228,103229],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103230,103231],{"class":4674},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,103233,103234],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[51,103236,103238],{"className":53,"code":103237,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,103239,103240,103260,103276,103280,103306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103241,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256,103258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103243,3569],{"class":66},[60,103245,71],{"class":70},[60,103247,75],{"class":74},[60,103249,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103251,88],{"class":74},[60,103253,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103255,88],{"class":74},[60,103257,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103259,108],{"class":74},[60,103261,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103263,3596],{"class":66},[60,103265,71],{"class":70},[60,103267,75],{"class":74},[60,103269,3079],{"class":1402},[60,103271,88],{"class":74},[60,103273,3471],{"class":1402},[60,103275,108],{"class":74},[60,103277,103278],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103279,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103281,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103283,114],{"class":66},[60,103285,71],{"class":70},[60,103287,16627],{"class":1527},[60,103289,130],{"class":74},[60,103291,551],{"class":126},[60,103293,9628],{"class":74},[60,103295,3826],{"class":126},[60,103297,130],{"class":74},[60,103299,7285],{"class":1527},[60,103301,130],{"class":74},[60,103303,2258],{"class":126},[60,103305,1042],{"class":74},[60,103307,103308,103310,103312,103314],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,103309,143],{"class":142},[60,103311,130],{"class":74},[60,103313,148],{"class":126},[60,103315,136],{"class":74},[20,103317,153],{},[51,103319,103320],{"className":53,"code":101479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,103321,103322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103323,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103325,10275],{"class":74},[60,103327,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103329,88],{"class":74},[60,103331,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103333,10306],{"class":74},[415,103335,103337],{"id":103336},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,103339,103340],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[51,103342,103344],{"className":53,"code":103343,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103345,103346,103378,103394,103398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103347,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103349,3569],{"class":66},[60,103351,71],{"class":70},[60,103353,11488],{"class":74},[60,103355,79],{"class":78},[60,103357,38035],{"class":82},[60,103359,79],{"class":78},[60,103361,88],{"class":74},[60,103363,91],{"class":78},[60,103365,59107],{"class":82},[60,103367,79],{"class":78},[60,103369,88],{"class":74},[60,103371,91],{"class":78},[60,103373,59124],{"class":82},[60,103375,79],{"class":78},[60,103377,10306],{"class":74},[60,103379,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103381,3596],{"class":66},[60,103383,71],{"class":70},[60,103385,11488],{"class":74},[60,103387,79],{"class":78},[60,103389,59107],{"class":82},[60,103391,79],{"class":78},[60,103393,10306],{"class":74},[60,103395,103396],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103397,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103399,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103401,143],{"class":142},[60,103403,130],{"class":74},[60,103405,551],{"class":126},[60,103407,123],{"class":74},[60,103409,3826],{"class":126},[60,103411,130],{"class":74},[60,103413,2258],{"class":126},[60,103415,1042],{"class":74},[20,103417,103418],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[415,103420,103422],{"id":103421},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,103424,103425],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[51,103427,103429],{"className":53,"code":103428,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,103430,103431,103459,103471,103475,103485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103432,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103434,3569],{"class":66},[60,103436,71],{"class":70},[60,103438,11488],{"class":74},[60,103440,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103442,88],{"class":74},[60,103444,6499],{"class":1402},[60,103446,88],{"class":74},[60,103448,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103450,88],{"class":74},[60,103452,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103454,88],{"class":74},[60,103456,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103458,10306],{"class":74},[60,103460,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103462,3596],{"class":66},[60,103464,71],{"class":70},[60,103466,11488],{"class":74},[60,103468,3079],{"class":1402},[60,103470,10306],{"class":74},[60,103472,103473],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103474,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103476,103477,103479,103481,103483],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103478,143],{"class":142},[60,103480,130],{"class":74},[60,103482,551],{"class":126},[60,103484,136],{"class":74},[60,103486,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,103488,143],{"class":142},[60,103490,130],{"class":74},[60,103492,551],{"class":126},[60,103494,123],{"class":74},[60,103496,3826],{"class":126},[60,103498,130],{"class":74},[60,103500,2258],{"class":126},[60,103502,1042],{"class":74},[20,103504,153],{},[51,103506,103508],{"className":53,"code":103507,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,103509,103510,103526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103511,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103513,10275],{"class":74},[60,103515,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103517,88],{"class":74},[60,103519,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103521,88],{"class":74},[60,103523,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103525,10306],{"class":74},[60,103527,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103529,10275],{"class":74},[60,103531,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103533,88],{"class":74},[60,103535,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103537,10306],{"class":74},[20,103539,103540,103541,103543],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,103542,101386],{}," runs.",[415,103545,103547],{"id":103546},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,103549,103550],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[51,103552,103554],{"className":53,"code":103553,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,103555,103556,103580,103600,103604,103614,103624,103642,103664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103557,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103559,3569],{"class":66},[60,103561,71],{"class":70},[60,103563,11488],{"class":74},[60,103565,1432],{"class":1402},[60,103567,88],{"class":74},[60,103569,1437],{"class":1402},[60,103571,88],{"class":74},[60,103573,1442],{"class":1402},[60,103575,88],{"class":74},[60,103577,3471],{"class":1402},[60,103579,10306],{"class":74},[60,103581,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103583,3596],{"class":66},[60,103585,71],{"class":70},[60,103587,11488],{"class":74},[60,103589,3079],{"class":1402},[60,103591,88],{"class":74},[60,103593,3471],{"class":1402},[60,103595,88],{"class":74},[60,103597,5606],{"class":1402},[60,103599,10306],{"class":74},[60,103601,103602],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103603,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103605,103606,103608,103610,103612],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103607,143],{"class":142},[60,103609,130],{"class":74},[60,103611,551],{"class":126},[60,103613,136],{"class":74},[60,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,103617,143],{"class":142},[60,103619,130],{"class":74},[60,103621,2258],{"class":126},[60,103623,136],{"class":74},[60,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,103627,143],{"class":142},[60,103629,130],{"class":74},[60,103631,551],{"class":126},[60,103633,123],{"class":74},[60,103635,3826],{"class":126},[60,103637,130],{"class":74},[60,103639,2258],{"class":126},[60,103641,1042],{"class":74},[60,103643,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,103645,143],{"class":142},[60,103647,130],{"class":74},[60,103649,2629],{"class":1527},[60,103651,130],{"class":74},[60,103653,551],{"class":126},[60,103655,123],{"class":74},[60,103657,3826],{"class":126},[60,103659,130],{"class":74},[60,103661,2258],{"class":126},[60,103663,1992],{"class":74},[60,103665,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,103667,143],{"class":142},[60,103669,130],{"class":74},[60,103671,12157],{"class":142},[60,103673,130],{"class":74},[60,103675,551],{"class":126},[60,103677,123],{"class":74},[60,103679,3826],{"class":126},[60,103681,130],{"class":74},[60,103683,2258],{"class":126},[60,103685,1992],{"class":74},[20,103687,12166],{},[33,103689,103690,103693,103696,103699],{},[36,103691,103692],{},"what is in each set",[36,103694,103695],{},"what result Python creates",[36,103697,103698],{},"that the result is a set",[36,103700,103701],{},"how many items remain",[45898,103703],{},[46,103705,2804],{"id":2803},[415,103707,2808,103709,103711],{"id":103708},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,103710,101386],{}," change the original set?",[20,103713,103714],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[415,103716,6180,103718,2360,103720,2863],{"id":103717},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,103719,101386],{},[15,103721,102297],{},[20,103723,103724,103726,103727,103729],{},[15,103725,101386],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,103728,102297],{}," modifies the original set.",[415,103731,2833,103733,103735],{"id":103732},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,103734,101386],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,103737,103738],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[415,103740,103742],{"id":103741},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,103744,103745],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45898,103747],{},[46,103749,2870],{"id":2869},[33,103751,103752,103756,103764],{},[36,103753,103754],{},[551,103755,97301],{"href":98471},[36,103757,103758],{},[551,103759,97787,103761,2887],{"href":103760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,103762,103763],{},"intersection()",[36,103765,103766],{},[551,103767,97787,103769,2887],{"href":103768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,103770,103771],{},"union()",[2912,103773,103774],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":103776},[103777,103778,103780,103781,103782,103783,103785,103790,103792,103800,103809],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":101508,"depth":111,"text":103779},"What difference() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":102127,"depth":111,"text":103784},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":102292,"depth":111,"text":103786,"children":103787},"difference() vs difference_update()",[103788,103789],{"id":3826,"depth":139,"text":101386},{"id":102445,"depth":139,"text":102297},{"id":102564,"depth":111,"text":103791},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":103793},[103794,103795,103796,103797,103798,103799],{"id":102834,"depth":139,"text":102835},{"id":103022,"depth":139,"text":103023},{"id":103173,"depth":139,"text":103174},{"id":103336,"depth":139,"text":103337},{"id":103421,"depth":139,"text":103422},{"id":103546,"depth":139,"text":103547},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":103801},[103802,103804,103806,103808],{"id":103708,"depth":139,"text":103803},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":103717,"depth":139,"text":103805},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":103732,"depth":139,"text":103807},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":103741,"depth":139,"text":103742},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":101378,"description":103810},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":103817,"title":103818,"body":103819,"description":105514,"extension":2980,"meta":105515,"navigation":304,"path":105516,"seo":105517,"stem":105518,"__hash__":105519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":103820,"toc":105476},[103821,103827,103833,103846,103848,103949,103951,103996,104001,104006,104010,104024,104027,104035,104037,104056,104074,104078,104131,104133,104154,104161,104166,104193,104200,104299,104301,104338,104346,104350,104356,104359,104432,104434,104442,104447,104516,104518,104543,104545,104548,104651,104653,104714,104717,104721,104727,104800,104802,104835,104838,104841,104881,104887,104910,104915,104919,104930,104933,104935,104939,104945,104947,105004,105014,105016,105069,105076,105081,105149,105157,105163,105167,105169,105208,105213,105262,105266,105269,105271,105310,105313,105315,105320,105377,105379,105393,105395,105399,105405,105410,105415,105422,105433,105439,105444,105446,105473],[10,103822,97173,103824,18],{"id":103823},"python-set-discard-method",[15,103825,103826],{},"discard()",[20,103828,103829,103832],{},[15,103830,103831],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,103834,103835,103836,287,103841,15046,103843,103845],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[551,103837,103838],{"href":99181},[15,103839,103840],{},"set.remove()",[15,103842,103826],{},[4753,103844,5632],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[46,103847,3022],{"id":3021},[51,103849,103851],{"className":53,"code":103850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103852,103853,103885,103904,103914,103918,103939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103854,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103856,1070],{"class":66},[60,103858,71],{"class":70},[60,103860,11488],{"class":74},[60,103862,79],{"class":78},[60,103864,254],{"class":82},[60,103866,79],{"class":78},[60,103868,88],{"class":74},[60,103870,91],{"class":78},[60,103872,272],{"class":82},[60,103874,79],{"class":78},[60,103876,88],{"class":74},[60,103878,91],{"class":78},[60,103880,263],{"class":82},[60,103882,79],{"class":78},[60,103884,10306],{"class":74},[60,103886,103887,103889,103891,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103888,1119],{"class":66},[60,103890,123],{"class":74},[60,103892,103893],{"class":126},"discard",[60,103895,130],{"class":74},[60,103897,79],{"class":78},[60,103899,272],{"class":82},[60,103901,79],{"class":78},[60,103903,136],{"class":74},[60,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,103907,143],{"class":142},[60,103909,130],{"class":74},[60,103911,1119],{"class":126},[60,103913,136],{"class":74},[60,103915,103916],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,103917,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,103921,1119],{"class":66},[60,103923,123],{"class":74},[60,103925,103893],{"class":126},[60,103927,130],{"class":74},[60,103929,79],{"class":78},[60,103931,23517],{"class":82},[60,103933,79],{"class":78},[60,103935,2662],{"class":74},[60,103937,103938],{"class":4674},"  # no error if missing\n",[60,103940,103941,103943,103945,103947],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,103942,143],{"class":142},[60,103944,130],{"class":74},[60,103946,1119],{"class":126},[60,103948,136],{"class":74},[20,103950,31023],{},[51,103952,103954],{"className":53,"code":103953,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103955,103956,103976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,103957,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,103959,10275],{"class":74},[60,103961,356],{"class":78},[60,103963,254],{"class":82},[60,103965,356],{"class":78},[60,103967,88],{"class":74},[60,103969,365],{"class":78},[60,103971,263],{"class":82},[60,103973,356],{"class":78},[60,103975,10306],{"class":74},[60,103977,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,103979,10275],{"class":74},[60,103981,356],{"class":78},[60,103983,254],{"class":82},[60,103985,356],{"class":78},[60,103987,88],{"class":74},[60,103989,365],{"class":78},[60,103991,263],{"class":82},[60,103993,356],{"class":78},[60,103995,10306],{"class":74},[20,103997,171,103998,104000],{},[15,103999,103826],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[46,104002,178,104004,181],{"id":104003},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,104005,103831],{},[20,104007,104008,3901],{},[15,104009,103826],{},[33,104011,104012,104015,104018,104020],{},[36,104013,104014],{},"Removes one item from a set",[36,104016,104017],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[36,104019,97288],{},[36,104021,12419,104022],{},[15,104023,1585],{},[20,104025,104026],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,104028,97297,104029,3894,104032,123],{},[551,104030,104031],{"href":99763},"what a set is in Python",[551,104033,104034],{"href":98855},"how to create a set",[46,104036,389],{"id":388},[51,104038,104040],{"className":53,"code":104039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,104041,104042],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104043,104044,104046,104048,104050,104052,104054],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104045,16660],{"class":66},[60,104047,123],{"class":74},[60,104049,103893],{"class":126},[60,104051,130],{"class":74},[60,104053,3487],{"class":126},[60,104055,136],{"class":74},[33,104057,104058,104063,104068,104071],{},[36,104059,104060,104062],{},[15,104061,16660],{}," is the set you want to change",[36,104064,104065,104067],{},[15,104066,3487],{}," is the item you want to remove",[36,104069,104070],{},"The set must already exist",[36,104072,104073],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[415,104075,104077],{"id":104076},"example","Example",[51,104079,104081],{"className":53,"code":104080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104082,104083,104107,104121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104084,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104086,4629],{"class":66},[60,104088,71],{"class":70},[60,104090,11488],{"class":74},[60,104092,1432],{"class":1402},[60,104094,88],{"class":74},[60,104096,1437],{"class":1402},[60,104098,88],{"class":74},[60,104100,1442],{"class":1402},[60,104102,88],{"class":74},[60,104104,3471],{"class":1402},[60,104106,10306],{"class":74},[60,104108,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104110,4659],{"class":66},[60,104112,123],{"class":74},[60,104114,103893],{"class":126},[60,104116,130],{"class":74},[60,104118,3079],{"class":1402},[60,104120,136],{"class":74},[60,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104124,143],{"class":142},[60,104126,130],{"class":74},[60,104128,4659],{"class":126},[60,104130,136],{"class":74},[20,104132,153],{},[51,104134,104136],{"className":53,"code":104135,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,104137,104138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104139,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104141,10275],{"class":74},[60,104143,1432],{"class":1402},[60,104145,88],{"class":74},[60,104147,1437],{"class":1402},[60,104149,88],{"class":74},[60,104151,3471],{"class":1402},[60,104153,10306],{"class":74},[46,104155,104157,104158,104160],{"id":104156},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,104159,103826],{}," different",[20,104162,104163,104165],{},[15,104164,103826],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[33,104167,104168,104181,104190],{},[36,104169,104170,104171,287,104175,104177,104178,104180],{},"Unlike ",[551,104172,104173],{"href":99181},[15,104174,56509],{},[15,104176,103826],{}," does not raise ",[15,104179,20681],{}," when the item is missing",[36,104182,104170,104183,287,104187,104189],{},[551,104184,104185],{"href":99186},[15,104186,13757],{},[15,104188,103826],{}," removes a specific item",[36,104191,104192],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[415,104194,104196,11583,104198],{"id":104195},"discard-vs-remove",[15,104197,103826],{},[15,104199,56509],{},[51,104201,104203],{"className":53,"code":104202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,104204,104205,104229,104233,104254,104264,104268,104289],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104206,104207,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104208,664],{"class":66},[60,104210,71],{"class":70},[60,104212,11488],{"class":74},[60,104214,79],{"class":78},[60,104216,1604],{"class":82},[60,104218,79],{"class":78},[60,104220,88],{"class":74},[60,104222,91],{"class":78},[60,104224,1619],{"class":82},[60,104226,79],{"class":78},[60,104228,10306],{"class":74},[60,104230,104231],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104232,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104234,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104236,716],{"class":66},[60,104238,123],{"class":74},[60,104240,103893],{"class":126},[60,104242,130],{"class":74},[60,104244,79],{"class":78},[60,104246,34214],{"class":82},[60,104248,79],{"class":78},[60,104250,2662],{"class":74},[60,104252,104253],{"class":4674},"   # no error\n",[60,104255,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104257,143],{"class":142},[60,104259,130],{"class":74},[60,104261,716],{"class":126},[60,104263,136],{"class":74},[60,104265,104266],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,104267,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104269,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,104271,716],{"class":66},[60,104273,123],{"class":74},[60,104275,35788],{"class":126},[60,104277,130],{"class":74},[60,104279,79],{"class":78},[60,104281,1619],{"class":82},[60,104283,79],{"class":78},[60,104285,2662],{"class":74},[60,104287,104288],{"class":4674},"    # removes existing item\n",[60,104290,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,104292,143],{"class":142},[60,104294,130],{"class":74},[60,104296,716],{"class":126},[60,104298,136],{"class":74},[20,104300,153],{},[51,104302,104304],{"className":53,"code":104303,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,104305,104306,104326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104307,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104309,10275],{"class":74},[60,104311,356],{"class":78},[60,104313,1604],{"class":82},[60,104315,356],{"class":78},[60,104317,88],{"class":74},[60,104319,365],{"class":78},[60,104321,1619],{"class":82},[60,104323,356],{"class":78},[60,104325,10306],{"class":74},[60,104327,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104329,10275],{"class":74},[60,104331,356],{"class":78},[60,104333,1604],{"class":82},[60,104335,356],{"class":78},[60,104337,10306],{"class":74},[20,104339,41329,104340,104342,104343,104345],{},[15,104341,56509],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[551,104344,12071],{"href":12070}," for more help with that case.",[46,104347,104349],{"id":104348},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,104351,104352,3412,104354,123],{},[15,104353,103826],{},[15,104355,1585],{},[20,104357,104358],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[51,104360,104362],{"className":53,"code":104361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104363,104364,104396,104418,104422],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104365,104366,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104367,1070],{"class":66},[60,104369,71],{"class":70},[60,104371,11488],{"class":74},[60,104373,79],{"class":78},[60,104375,254],{"class":82},[60,104377,79],{"class":78},[60,104379,88],{"class":74},[60,104381,91],{"class":78},[60,104383,272],{"class":82},[60,104385,79],{"class":78},[60,104387,88],{"class":74},[60,104389,91],{"class":78},[60,104391,263],{"class":82},[60,104393,79],{"class":78},[60,104395,10306],{"class":74},[60,104397,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104399,114],{"class":66},[60,104401,71],{"class":70},[60,104403,14115],{"class":66},[60,104405,123],{"class":74},[60,104407,103893],{"class":126},[60,104409,130],{"class":74},[60,104411,79],{"class":78},[60,104413,272],{"class":82},[60,104415,79],{"class":78},[60,104417,136],{"class":74},[60,104419,104420],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104421,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104423,104424,104426,104428,104430],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104425,143],{"class":142},[60,104427,130],{"class":74},[60,104429,148],{"class":126},[60,104431,136],{"class":74},[20,104433,153],{},[51,104435,104436],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,104437,104438],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104439,104440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104441,12803],{"class":1611},[20,104443,104444,104445,3901],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,104446,1119],{},[51,104448,104450],{"className":53,"code":104449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,104451,104452,104484,104502,104506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104453,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104455,1070],{"class":66},[60,104457,71],{"class":70},[60,104459,11488],{"class":74},[60,104461,79],{"class":78},[60,104463,254],{"class":82},[60,104465,79],{"class":78},[60,104467,88],{"class":74},[60,104469,91],{"class":78},[60,104471,272],{"class":82},[60,104473,79],{"class":78},[60,104475,88],{"class":74},[60,104477,91],{"class":78},[60,104479,263],{"class":82},[60,104481,79],{"class":78},[60,104483,10306],{"class":74},[60,104485,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104487,1119],{"class":66},[60,104489,123],{"class":74},[60,104491,103893],{"class":126},[60,104493,130],{"class":74},[60,104495,79],{"class":78},[60,104497,272],{"class":82},[60,104499,79],{"class":78},[60,104501,136],{"class":74},[60,104503,104504],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104505,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104507,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104509,143],{"class":142},[60,104511,130],{"class":74},[60,104513,1119],{"class":126},[60,104515,136],{"class":74},[20,104517,153],{},[51,104519,104521],{"className":53,"code":104520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,104522,104523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104524,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104526,10275],{"class":74},[60,104528,356],{"class":78},[60,104530,254],{"class":82},[60,104532,356],{"class":78},[60,104534,88],{"class":74},[60,104536,365],{"class":78},[60,104538,263],{"class":82},[60,104540,356],{"class":78},[60,104542,10306],{"class":74},[46,104544,12470],{"id":12469},[20,104546,104547],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[51,104549,104551],{"className":53,"code":104550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,104552,104553,104585,104589,104607,104611,104629,104633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104554,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579,104581,104583],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104556,37227],{"class":66},[60,104558,71],{"class":70},[60,104560,11488],{"class":74},[60,104562,79],{"class":78},[60,104564,1604],{"class":82},[60,104566,79],{"class":78},[60,104568,88],{"class":74},[60,104570,91],{"class":78},[60,104572,1619],{"class":82},[60,104574,79],{"class":78},[60,104576,88],{"class":74},[60,104578,91],{"class":78},[60,104580,34214],{"class":82},[60,104582,79],{"class":78},[60,104584,10306],{"class":74},[60,104586,104587],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104588,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104590,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104592,143],{"class":142},[60,104594,130],{"class":74},[60,104596,79],{"class":78},[60,104598,12559],{"class":82},[60,104600,79],{"class":78},[60,104602,88],{"class":74},[60,104604,53831],{"class":126},[60,104606,136],{"class":74},[60,104608,104609],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104610,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104612,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,104614,37279],{"class":66},[60,104616,123],{"class":74},[60,104618,103893],{"class":126},[60,104620,130],{"class":74},[60,104622,79],{"class":78},[60,104624,1619],{"class":82},[60,104626,79],{"class":78},[60,104628,136],{"class":74},[60,104630,104631],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,104632,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104634,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,104636,143],{"class":142},[60,104638,130],{"class":74},[60,104640,79],{"class":78},[60,104642,12599],{"class":82},[60,104644,79],{"class":78},[60,104646,88],{"class":74},[60,104648,53831],{"class":126},[60,104650,136],{"class":74},[20,104652,153],{},[51,104654,104656],{"className":53,"code":104655,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104657,104658,104690],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104659,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104661,12619],{"class":66},[60,104663,3901],{"class":74},[60,104665,11488],{"class":74},[60,104667,356],{"class":78},[60,104669,1619],{"class":82},[60,104671,356],{"class":78},[60,104673,88],{"class":74},[60,104675,365],{"class":78},[60,104677,1604],{"class":82},[60,104679,356],{"class":78},[60,104681,88],{"class":74},[60,104683,365],{"class":78},[60,104685,34214],{"class":82},[60,104687,356],{"class":78},[60,104689,10306],{"class":74},[60,104691,104692,104694,104696,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104693,12672],{"class":66},[60,104695,3901],{"class":74},[60,104697,11488],{"class":74},[60,104699,356],{"class":78},[60,104701,1604],{"class":82},[60,104703,356],{"class":78},[60,104705,88],{"class":74},[60,104707,365],{"class":78},[60,104709,34214],{"class":82},[60,104711,356],{"class":78},[60,104713,10306],{"class":74},[20,104715,104716],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[46,104718,104720],{"id":104719},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,104722,104723,104724,104726],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,104725,103826],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[51,104728,104730],{"className":53,"code":104729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,104731,104732,104764,104768,104786,104790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104733,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104735,37227],{"class":66},[60,104737,71],{"class":70},[60,104739,11488],{"class":74},[60,104741,79],{"class":78},[60,104743,1604],{"class":82},[60,104745,79],{"class":78},[60,104747,88],{"class":74},[60,104749,91],{"class":78},[60,104751,1619],{"class":82},[60,104753,79],{"class":78},[60,104755,88],{"class":74},[60,104757,91],{"class":78},[60,104759,34214],{"class":82},[60,104761,79],{"class":78},[60,104763,10306],{"class":74},[60,104765,104766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104767,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104769,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104771,37279],{"class":66},[60,104773,123],{"class":74},[60,104775,103893],{"class":126},[60,104777,130],{"class":74},[60,104779,79],{"class":78},[60,104781,23526],{"class":82},[60,104783,79],{"class":78},[60,104785,136],{"class":74},[60,104787,104788],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104789,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104791,104792,104794,104796,104798],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,104793,143],{"class":142},[60,104795,130],{"class":74},[60,104797,37279],{"class":126},[60,104799,136],{"class":74},[20,104801,153],{},[51,104803,104805],{"className":53,"code":104804,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,104806,104807],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104810,10275],{"class":74},[60,104812,356],{"class":78},[60,104814,1619],{"class":82},[60,104816,356],{"class":78},[60,104818,88],{"class":74},[60,104820,365],{"class":78},[60,104822,1604],{"class":82},[60,104824,356],{"class":78},[60,104826,88],{"class":74},[60,104828,365],{"class":78},[60,104830,34214],{"class":82},[60,104832,356],{"class":78},[60,104834,10306],{"class":74},[20,104836,104837],{},"No error happens here.",[20,104839,104840],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[51,104842,104844],{"className":53,"code":104843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,104845,104846,104862],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104849,7996],{"class":2665},[60,104851,91],{"class":78},[60,104853,23526],{"class":82},[60,104855,79],{"class":78},[60,104857,22168],{"class":70},[60,104859,53831],{"class":66},[60,104861,7392],{"class":74},[60,104863,104864,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104865,104866],{"class":66},"    fruits",[60,104868,123],{"class":74},[60,104870,35788],{"class":126},[60,104872,130],{"class":74},[60,104874,79],{"class":78},[60,104876,23526],{"class":82},[60,104878,79],{"class":78},[60,104880,136],{"class":74},[20,104882,104883,104884,104886],{},"With ",[15,104885,103826],{},", you can simply write:",[51,104888,104890],{"className":53,"code":104889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104891,104892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104893,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104895,37279],{"class":66},[60,104897,123],{"class":74},[60,104899,103893],{"class":126},[60,104901,130],{"class":74},[60,104903,79],{"class":78},[60,104905,23526],{"class":82},[60,104907,79],{"class":78},[60,104909,136],{"class":74},[46,104911,5963,104913],{"id":104912},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104914,103826],{},[20,104916,171,104917,11598],{},[15,104918,103826],{},[33,104920,104921,104924,104927],{},[36,104922,104923],{},"Missing values are normal",[36,104925,104926],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[36,104928,104929],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104931,104932],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[46,104934,3845],{"id":3844},[20,104936,9443,104937,123],{},[15,104938,103826],{},[415,104940,9449,104942,104944],{"id":104941},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104943,103826],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104946,2012],{},[51,104948,104950],{"className":53,"code":104949,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104951,104952,104972,104990,104994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,104953,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,104955,4629],{"class":66},[60,104957,71],{"class":70},[60,104959,11488],{"class":74},[60,104961,1432],{"class":1402},[60,104963,88],{"class":74},[60,104965,1437],{"class":1402},[60,104967,88],{"class":74},[60,104969,1442],{"class":1402},[60,104971,10306],{"class":74},[60,104973,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,104975,4629],{"class":66},[60,104977,71],{"class":70},[60,104979,5264],{"class":66},[60,104981,123],{"class":74},[60,104983,103893],{"class":126},[60,104985,130],{"class":74},[60,104987,1925],{"class":1402},[60,104989,136],{"class":74},[60,104991,104992],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,104993,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,104995,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,104997,143],{"class":142},[60,104999,130],{"class":74},[60,105001,4659],{"class":126},[60,105003,136],{"class":74},[20,105005,105006,43141,105008,9598,105010,3412,105012,123],{},[15,105007,4659],{},[15,105009,1585],{},[15,105011,103826],{},[15,105013,1585],{},[20,105015,19834],{},[51,105017,105019],{"className":53,"code":105018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,105020,105021,105041,105055,105059],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105022,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105024,4629],{"class":66},[60,105026,71],{"class":70},[60,105028,11488],{"class":74},[60,105030,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105032,88],{"class":74},[60,105034,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105036,88],{"class":74},[60,105038,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105040,10306],{"class":74},[60,105042,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105044,4659],{"class":66},[60,105046,123],{"class":74},[60,105048,103893],{"class":126},[60,105050,130],{"class":74},[60,105052,1925],{"class":1402},[60,105054,136],{"class":74},[60,105056,105057],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105058,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,105060,105061,105063,105065,105067],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,105062,143],{"class":142},[60,105064,130],{"class":74},[60,105066,4659],{"class":126},[60,105068,136],{"class":74},[415,105070,38192,105072,9702,105074],{"id":105071},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,105073,103826],{},[15,105075,56509],{},[20,105077,105078,105079,123],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,105080,103826],{},[51,105082,105084],{"className":53,"code":105083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,105085,105086,105118,105139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105087,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105089,767],{"class":66},[60,105091,71],{"class":70},[60,105093,11488],{"class":74},[60,105095,79],{"class":78},[60,105097,551],{"class":82},[60,105099,79],{"class":78},[60,105101,88],{"class":74},[60,105103,91],{"class":78},[60,105105,2258],{"class":82},[60,105107,79],{"class":78},[60,105109,88],{"class":74},[60,105111,91],{"class":78},[60,105113,1895],{"class":82},[60,105115,79],{"class":78},[60,105117,10306],{"class":74},[60,105119,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105121,843],{"class":66},[60,105123,123],{"class":74},[60,105125,103893],{"class":126},[60,105127,130],{"class":74},[60,105129,79],{"class":78},[60,105131,23072],{"class":82},[60,105133,79],{"class":78},[60,105135,2662],{"class":74},[60,105137,105138],{"class":4674},"   # safe\n",[60,105140,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105142,143],{"class":142},[60,105144,130],{"class":74},[60,105146,843],{"class":126},[60,105148,136],{"class":74},[20,105150,105151,105152,46890,105155,123],{},"If you use ",[15,105153,105154],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,105156,20681],{},[415,105158,26610,105160,105162],{"id":105159},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,105161,103826],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,105164,105165,103179],{},[15,105166,103826],{},[20,105168,17637],{},[51,105170,105172],{"className":53,"code":105171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,105173,105174,105194],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105175,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105177,664],{"class":66},[60,105179,71],{"class":70},[60,105181,75],{"class":74},[60,105183,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105185,88],{"class":74},[60,105187,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105189,88],{"class":74},[60,105191,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105193,108],{"class":74},[60,105195,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105197,716],{"class":66},[60,105199,123],{"class":74},[60,105201,103893],{"class":126},[60,105203,130],{"class":74},[60,105205,1925],{"class":1402},[60,105207,136],{"class":74},[20,105209,105210,105211,3901],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,105212,103826],{},[51,105214,105216],{"className":53,"code":105215,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,105217,105218,105238,105252],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105219,105220,105222,105224,105226,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105221,664],{"class":66},[60,105223,71],{"class":70},[60,105225,11488],{"class":74},[60,105227,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105229,88],{"class":74},[60,105231,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105233,88],{"class":74},[60,105235,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105237,10306],{"class":74},[60,105239,105240,105242,105244,105246,105248,105250],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105241,716],{"class":66},[60,105243,123],{"class":74},[60,105245,103893],{"class":126},[60,105247,130],{"class":74},[60,105249,1925],{"class":1402},[60,105251,136],{"class":74},[60,105253,105254,105256,105258,105260],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105255,143],{"class":142},[60,105257,130],{"class":74},[60,105259,716],{"class":126},[60,105261,136],{"class":74},[415,105263,105265],{"id":105264},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,105267,105268],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,105270,3852],{},[51,105272,105274],{"className":53,"code":105273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,105275,105276,105296],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105277,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105279,10163],{"class":66},[60,105281,71],{"class":70},[60,105283,11488],{"class":74},[60,105285,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105287,88],{"class":74},[60,105289,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105291,88],{"class":74},[60,105293,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105295,10306],{"class":74},[60,105297,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105299,10202],{"class":66},[60,105301,123],{"class":74},[60,105303,103893],{"class":126},[60,105305,2652],{"class":74},[60,105307,1925],{"class":1402},[60,105309,2677],{"class":74},[20,105311,105312],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[46,105314,9870],{"id":9869},[20,105316,2580,105317,105319],{},[15,105318,103826],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[51,105321,105323],{"className":53,"code":105322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,105324,105325,105335,105349,105363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105326,105327,105329,105331,105333],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105328,143],{"class":142},[60,105330,130],{"class":74},[60,105332,16660],{"class":126},[60,105334,136],{"class":74},[60,105336,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105338,143],{"class":142},[60,105340,130],{"class":74},[60,105342,2629],{"class":1527},[60,105344,130],{"class":74},[60,105346,16660],{"class":126},[60,105348,1042],{"class":74},[60,105350,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105352,143],{"class":142},[60,105354,130],{"class":74},[60,105356,3462],{"class":126},[60,105358,2672],{"class":2665},[60,105360,97897],{"class":126},[60,105362,136],{"class":74},[60,105364,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,105366,33145],{"class":142},[60,105368,130],{"class":74},[60,105370,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105372,123],{"class":74},[60,105374,103893],{"class":25743},[60,105376,136],{"class":74},[20,105378,12166],{},[33,105380,105381,105384,105387,105390],{},[36,105382,105383],{},"What is currently in the set",[36,105385,105386],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[36,105388,105389],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[36,105391,105392],{},"How Python documents the method",[46,105394,2804],{"id":2803},[415,105396,105398],{"id":105397},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,105400,105401,105402,105404],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,105403,103826],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[415,105406,2846,105408,13710],{"id":105407},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,105409,103831],{},[20,105411,6148,105412,105414],{},[15,105413,1585],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[415,105416,6180,105418,2360,105420,2863],{"id":105417},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,105419,103826],{},[15,105421,56509],{},[20,105423,105424,105425,27531,105427,105429,105430,105432],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,105426,56509],{},[15,105428,20681],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,105431,103826],{}," does not.",[415,105434,2833,105436,105438],{"id":105435},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,105437,103826],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,105440,47347,105441,105443],{},[15,105442,103826],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[46,105445,2870],{"id":2869},[33,105447,105448,105454,105460,105465,105469],{},[36,105449,105450],{},[551,105451,97787,105452,2887],{"href":99181},[15,105453,56509],{},[36,105455,105456],{},[551,105457,97787,105458,2887],{"href":99186},[15,105459,13757],{},[36,105461,105462],{},[551,105463,105464],{"href":98855},"Python set: creating a set",[36,105466,105467],{},[551,105468,101321],{"href":99763},[36,105470,105471],{},[551,105472,12258],{"href":12070},[2912,105474,105475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":105477},[105478,105479,105481,105484,105489,105490,105491,105492,105494,105503,105504,105513],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":104003,"depth":111,"text":105480},"What set.discard() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":105482},[105483],{"id":104076,"depth":139,"text":104077},{"id":104156,"depth":111,"text":105485,"children":105486},"What makes discard() different",[105487],{"id":104195,"depth":139,"text":105488},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":104348,"depth":111,"text":104349},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":104719,"depth":111,"text":104720},{"id":104912,"depth":111,"text":105493},"When to use discard()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":105495},[105496,105498,105500,105502],{"id":104941,"depth":139,"text":105497},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":105071,"depth":139,"text":105499},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":105159,"depth":139,"text":105501},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":105264,"depth":139,"text":105265},{"id":9869,"depth":111,"text":9870},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":105505},[105506,105507,105509,105511],{"id":105397,"depth":139,"text":105398},{"id":105407,"depth":139,"text":105508},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":105417,"depth":139,"text":105510},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":105435,"depth":139,"text":105512},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":103818,"description":105514},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":105521,"title":105522,"body":105523,"description":107529,"extension":2980,"meta":107530,"navigation":304,"path":107531,"seo":107532,"stem":107533,"__hash__":107534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":105524,"toc":107487},[105525,105528,105536,105541,105552,105554,105609,105613,105633,105638,105642,105647,105649,105663,105665,105740,105742,105775,105780,105785,105787,105789,105804,105807,105815,105820,105835,105837,105926,105928,106017,106023,106027,106029,106067,106069,106093,106096,106111,106113,106168,106170,106203,106205,106210,106214,106218,106223,106288,106290,106310,106316,106320,106377,106379,106400,106404,106409,106454,106456,106489,106492,106496,106529,106531,106560,106564,106568,106571,106573,106592,106594,106640,106645,106659,106661,106692,106697,106700,106744,106746,106774,106778,106782,106798,106801,106866,106868,106880,106883,106887,106890,106895,106923,106925,106943,106949,106988,106990,107008,107014,107043,107045,107063,107066,107083,107085,107090,107094,107097,107123,107130,107135,107150,107159,107163,107166,107197,107203,107206,107215,107218,107220,107222,107280,107283,107308,107310,107314,107317,107321,107329,107333,107336,107340,107343,107345,107368,107370,107411,107418,107426,107429,107460,107462,107484],[10,105526,105522],{"id":105527},"python-set-function-explained",[20,105529,10120,105530,105532,105533,123],{},[15,105531,4807],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[4753,105534,105535],{},"unique values only",[20,105537,36399,105538,105540],{},[15,105539,4807],{}," to:",[33,105542,105543,105546,105549],{},[36,105544,105545],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[36,105547,105548],{},"check whether a value exists",[36,105550,105551],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[46,105553,3022],{"id":3021},[51,105555,105557],{"className":53,"code":105556,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,105558,105559,105583,105598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105560,105561,105563,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105562,4629],{"class":66},[60,105564,71],{"class":70},[60,105566,75],{"class":74},[60,105568,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105570,88],{"class":74},[60,105572,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105574,88],{"class":74},[60,105576,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105578,88],{"class":74},[60,105580,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105582,108],{"class":74},[60,105584,105585,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105586,105587],{"class":66},"unique_numbers ",[60,105589,71],{"class":70},[60,105591,16627],{"class":1527},[60,105593,130],{"class":74},[60,105595,4659],{"class":126},[60,105597,136],{"class":74},[60,105599,105600,105602,105604,105607],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105601,143],{"class":142},[60,105603,130],{"class":74},[60,105605,105606],{"class":126},"unique_numbers",[60,105608,136],{"class":74},[20,105610,105611],{},[4753,105612,153],{},[51,105614,105615],{"className":53,"code":97580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,105616,105617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105618,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105620,10275],{"class":74},[60,105622,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105624,88],{"class":74},[60,105626,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105628,88],{"class":74},[60,105630,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105632,10306],{"class":74},[20,105634,171,105635,105637],{},[15,105636,4807],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[46,105639,105641],{"id":105640},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,105643,105644,105646],{},[15,105645,4807],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,105648,31533],{},[33,105650,105651,105654,105657,105660],{},[36,105652,105653],{},"A set stores unique items only",[36,105655,105656],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[36,105658,105659],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[36,105661,105662],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,105664,236],{},[51,105666,105668],{"className":53,"code":105667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,105669,105670,105710,105725,105729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105671,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686,105688,105690,105692,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105673,1070],{"class":66},[60,105675,71],{"class":70},[60,105677,75],{"class":74},[60,105679,79],{"class":78},[60,105681,254],{"class":82},[60,105683,79],{"class":78},[60,105685,88],{"class":74},[60,105687,91],{"class":78},[60,105689,272],{"class":82},[60,105691,79],{"class":78},[60,105693,88],{"class":74},[60,105695,91],{"class":78},[60,105697,254],{"class":82},[60,105699,79],{"class":78},[60,105701,88],{"class":74},[60,105703,91],{"class":78},[60,105705,263],{"class":82},[60,105707,79],{"class":78},[60,105709,108],{"class":74},[60,105711,105712,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105713,105714],{"class":66},"unique_colors ",[60,105716,71],{"class":70},[60,105718,16627],{"class":1527},[60,105720,130],{"class":74},[60,105722,1119],{"class":126},[60,105724,136],{"class":74},[60,105726,105727],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105728,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,105730,105731,105733,105735,105738],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,105732,143],{"class":142},[60,105734,130],{"class":74},[60,105736,105737],{"class":126},"unique_colors",[60,105739,136],{"class":74},[20,105741,31023],{},[51,105743,105745],{"className":53,"code":105744,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,105746,105747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105748,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769,105771,105773],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105750,10275],{"class":74},[60,105752,356],{"class":78},[60,105754,272],{"class":82},[60,105756,356],{"class":78},[60,105758,88],{"class":74},[60,105760,365],{"class":78},[60,105762,263],{"class":82},[60,105764,356],{"class":78},[60,105766,88],{"class":74},[60,105768,365],{"class":78},[60,105770,254],{"class":82},[60,105772,356],{"class":78},[60,105774,10306],{"class":74},[20,105776,3301,105777,105779],{},[15,105778,66367],{}," appears only once.",[20,105781,105782,105783,123],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[551,105784,97301],{"href":97300},[46,105786,389],{"id":388},[20,105788,3177],{},[51,105790,105792],{"className":53,"code":105791,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(iterable)\n",[15,105793,105794],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105795,105796,105798,105800,105802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105797,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105799,130],{"class":74},[60,105801,411],{"class":126},[60,105803,136],{"class":74},[20,105805,105806],{},"The argument is optional.",[33,105808,105809,105812],{},[36,105810,105811],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[36,105813,105814],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,105816,105817,105818,3901],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,105819,4807],{},[33,105821,105822,105824,105826,105828,105832],{},[36,105823,9089],{},[36,105825,49934],{},[36,105827,1179],{},[36,105829,105830],{},[15,105831,37186],{},[36,105833,105834],{},"another set",[20,105836,3143],{},[51,105838,105840],{"className":53,"code":105839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,105841,105842,105868,105890,105908],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105843,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105845,143],{"class":142},[60,105847,130],{"class":74},[60,105849,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105851,2652],{"class":74},[60,105853,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105855,88],{"class":74},[60,105857,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105859,88],{"class":74},[60,105861,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105863,88],{"class":74},[60,105865,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105867,2718],{"class":74},[60,105869,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105871,143],{"class":142},[60,105873,130],{"class":74},[60,105875,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105877,6512],{"class":74},[60,105879,1345],{"class":1402},[60,105881,88],{"class":74},[60,105883,1407],{"class":1402},[60,105885,88],{"class":74},[60,105887,7005],{"class":1402},[60,105889,1992],{"class":74},[60,105891,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900,105902,105904,105906],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105893,143],{"class":142},[60,105895,130],{"class":74},[60,105897,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105899,130],{"class":74},[60,105901,79],{"class":78},[60,105903,1008],{"class":82},[60,105905,79],{"class":78},[60,105907,1042],{"class":74},[60,105909,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918,105920,105922,105924],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,105911,143],{"class":142},[60,105913,130],{"class":74},[60,105915,7285],{"class":1527},[60,105917,130],{"class":74},[60,105919,60979],{"class":142},[60,105921,130],{"class":74},[60,105923,3519],{"class":1402},[60,105925,1992],{"class":74},[20,105927,31023],{},[51,105929,105931],{"className":53,"code":105930,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105932,105933,105949,105961,105997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,105934,105935,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,105936,10275],{"class":74},[60,105938,1432],{"class":1402},[60,105940,88],{"class":74},[60,105942,1437],{"class":1402},[60,105944,88],{"class":74},[60,105946,1442],{"class":1402},[60,105948,10306],{"class":74},[60,105950,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,105952,10275],{"class":74},[60,105954,1345],{"class":1402},[60,105956,88],{"class":74},[60,105958,1407],{"class":1402},[60,105960,10306],{"class":74},[60,105962,105963,105965,105967,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979,105981,105983,105985,105987,105989,105991,105993,105995],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,105964,10275],{"class":74},[60,105966,356],{"class":78},[60,105968,803],{"class":82},[60,105970,356],{"class":78},[60,105972,88],{"class":74},[60,105974,365],{"class":78},[60,105976,61427],{"class":82},[60,105978,356],{"class":78},[60,105980,88],{"class":74},[60,105982,365],{"class":78},[60,105984,61436],{"class":82},[60,105986,356],{"class":78},[60,105988,88],{"class":74},[60,105990,365],{"class":78},[60,105992,812],{"class":82},[60,105994,356],{"class":78},[60,105996,10306],{"class":74},[60,105998,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106000,10275],{"class":74},[60,106002,3137],{"class":1402},[60,106004,88],{"class":74},[60,106006,6499],{"class":1402},[60,106008,88],{"class":74},[60,106010,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106012,88],{"class":74},[60,106014,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106016,10306],{"class":74},[20,106018,106019,106020,123],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[551,106021,106022],{"href":65822},"Python list() function explained",[46,106024,106026],{"id":106025},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,106028,99252],{},[51,106030,106031],{"className":53,"code":100217,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106032,106033,106043,106053],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106034,106035,106037,106039,106041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106036,99262],{"class":66},[60,106038,71],{"class":70},[60,106040,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106042,9640],{"class":74},[60,106044,106045,106047,106049,106051],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106046,143],{"class":142},[60,106048,130],{"class":74},[60,106050,99281],{"class":126},[60,106052,136],{"class":74},[60,106054,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106056,143],{"class":142},[60,106058,130],{"class":74},[60,106060,2629],{"class":1527},[60,106062,130],{"class":74},[60,106064,99281],{"class":126},[60,106066,1042],{"class":74},[20,106068,153],{},[51,106070,106071],{"className":53,"code":100260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106072,106073,106079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106074,106075,106077],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106076,7285],{"class":1527},[60,106078,9640],{"class":74},[60,106080,106081,106083,106085,106087,106089,106091],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106082,4304],{"class":70},[60,106084,4307],{"class":3082},[60,106086,365],{"class":78},[60,106088,7285],{"class":82},[60,106090,356],{"class":78},[60,106092,4316],{"class":70},[20,106094,106095],{},"This is important because:",[33,106097,106098,106103],{},[36,106099,106100,106102],{},[15,106101,4807],{}," creates an empty set",[36,106104,106105,106107,106108,106110],{},[15,106106,4802],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[4753,106109,5632],{}," a set",[20,106112,236],{},[51,106114,106116],{"className":53,"code":106115,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,106117,106118,106128,106136,106140,106154],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106119,106120,106122,106124,106126],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106121,3569],{"class":66},[60,106123,71],{"class":70},[60,106125,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106127,9640],{"class":74},[60,106129,106130,106132,106134],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106131,3596],{"class":66},[60,106133,71],{"class":70},[60,106135,10835],{"class":74},[60,106137,106138],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106139,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,106141,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106143,143],{"class":142},[60,106145,130],{"class":74},[60,106147,2629],{"class":1527},[60,106149,130],{"class":74},[60,106151,551],{"class":126},[60,106153,1042],{"class":74},[60,106155,106156,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,106157,143],{"class":142},[60,106159,130],{"class":74},[60,106161,2629],{"class":1527},[60,106163,130],{"class":74},[60,106165,2258],{"class":126},[60,106167,1042],{"class":74},[20,106169,153],{},[51,106171,106173],{"className":53,"code":106172,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,106174,106175,106189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106176,106177,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106178,4304],{"class":70},[60,106180,4307],{"class":3082},[60,106182,365],{"class":78},[60,106184,7285],{"class":82},[60,106186,356],{"class":78},[60,106188,4316],{"class":70},[60,106190,106191,106193,106195,106197,106199,106201],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106192,4304],{"class":70},[60,106194,4307],{"class":3082},[60,106196,365],{"class":78},[60,106198,9819],{"class":82},[60,106200,356],{"class":78},[60,106202,4316],{"class":70},[20,106204,15041],{},[20,106206,106207,106208,123],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[551,106209,105464],{"href":97304},[46,106211,106213],{"id":106212},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[415,106215,106217],{"id":106216},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,106219,106220,106221,123],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,106222,4807],{},[51,106224,106226],{"className":53,"code":106225,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106227,106228,106260,106274,106278],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106229,106230,106232,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252,106254,106256,106258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106231,4629],{"class":66},[60,106233,71],{"class":70},[60,106235,75],{"class":74},[60,106237,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106239,88],{"class":74},[60,106241,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106243,88],{"class":74},[60,106245,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106247,88],{"class":74},[60,106249,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106251,88],{"class":74},[60,106253,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106255,88],{"class":74},[60,106257,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106259,108],{"class":74},[60,106261,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106263,114],{"class":66},[60,106265,71],{"class":70},[60,106267,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106269,130],{"class":74},[60,106271,4659],{"class":126},[60,106273,136],{"class":74},[60,106275,106276],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106277,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,106279,106280,106282,106284,106286],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106281,143],{"class":142},[60,106283,130],{"class":74},[60,106285,148],{"class":126},[60,106287,136],{"class":74},[20,106289,153],{},[51,106291,106292],{"className":53,"code":97580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106293,106294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106295,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106297,10275],{"class":74},[60,106299,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106301,88],{"class":74},[60,106303,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106305,88],{"class":74},[60,106307,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106309,10306],{"class":74},[20,106311,106312,106313,123],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[551,106314,100050],{"href":106315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[415,106317,106319],{"id":106318},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[51,106321,106323],{"className":53,"code":106322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106324,106325,106349,106363,106367],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106326,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337,106339,106341,106343,106345,106347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106328,1336],{"class":66},[60,106330,71],{"class":70},[60,106332,1776],{"class":74},[60,106334,3154],{"class":1402},[60,106336,88],{"class":74},[60,106338,5606],{"class":1402},[60,106340,88],{"class":74},[60,106342,7005],{"class":1402},[60,106344,88],{"class":74},[60,106346,38924],{"class":1402},[60,106348,136],{"class":74},[60,106350,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106352,114],{"class":66},[60,106354,71],{"class":70},[60,106356,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106358,130],{"class":74},[60,106360,1388],{"class":126},[60,106362,136],{"class":74},[60,106364,106365],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106366,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,106368,106369,106371,106373,106375],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106370,143],{"class":142},[60,106372,130],{"class":74},[60,106374,148],{"class":126},[60,106376,136],{"class":74},[20,106378,153],{},[51,106380,106382],{"className":53,"code":106381,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,106383,106384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106385,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106387,10275],{"class":74},[60,106389,3154],{"class":1402},[60,106391,88],{"class":74},[60,106393,7005],{"class":1402},[60,106395,88],{"class":74},[60,106397,38924],{"class":1402},[60,106399,10306],{"class":74},[415,106401,106403],{"id":106402},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,106405,52106,106406,106408],{},[15,106407,4807],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[51,106410,106412],{"className":53,"code":106411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,106413,106414,106426,106440,106444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106415,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106417,35681],{"class":66},[60,106419,71],{"class":70},[60,106421,91],{"class":78},[60,106423,1619],{"class":82},[60,106425,2389],{"class":78},[60,106427,106428,106430,106432,106434,106436,106438],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106429,114],{"class":66},[60,106431,71],{"class":70},[60,106433,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106435,130],{"class":74},[60,106437,35702],{"class":126},[60,106439,136],{"class":74},[60,106441,106442],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106443,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,106445,106446,106448,106450,106452],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106447,143],{"class":142},[60,106449,130],{"class":74},[60,106451,148],{"class":126},[60,106453,136],{"class":74},[20,106455,31023],{},[51,106457,106459],{"className":53,"code":106458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,106460,106461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106462,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106464,10275],{"class":74},[60,106466,356],{"class":78},[60,106468,2258],{"class":82},[60,106470,356],{"class":78},[60,106472,88],{"class":74},[60,106474,365],{"class":78},[60,106476,551],{"class":82},[60,106478,356],{"class":78},[60,106480,88],{"class":74},[60,106482,365],{"class":78},[60,106484,821],{"class":82},[60,106486,356],{"class":78},[60,106488,10306],{"class":74},[20,106490,106491],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[415,106493,106495],{"id":106494},"from-range","From range()",[51,106497,106499],{"className":53,"code":106498,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106500,106501,106519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106502,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106504,114],{"class":66},[60,106506,71],{"class":70},[60,106508,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106510,130],{"class":74},[60,106512,60979],{"class":142},[60,106514,130],{"class":74},[60,106516,3154],{"class":1402},[60,106518,1042],{"class":74},[60,106520,106521,106523,106525,106527],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106522,143],{"class":142},[60,106524,130],{"class":74},[60,106526,148],{"class":126},[60,106528,136],{"class":74},[20,106530,153],{},[51,106532,106534],{"className":53,"code":106533,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,106535,106536],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106539,10275],{"class":74},[60,106541,3137],{"class":1402},[60,106543,88],{"class":74},[60,106545,6499],{"class":1402},[60,106547,88],{"class":74},[60,106549,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106551,88],{"class":74},[60,106553,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106555,88],{"class":74},[60,106557,3471],{"class":1402},[60,106559,10306],{"class":74},[46,106561,106563],{"id":106562},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,106565,100497,106566,123],{},[4753,106567,97344],{},[20,106569,106570],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,106572,100503],{},[33,106574,106575,106579,106583,106587],{},[36,106576,106577],{},[15,106578,3206],{},[36,106580,106581],{},[15,106582,1528],{},[36,106584,106585],{},[15,106586,3209],{},[36,106588,106589,106591],{},[15,106590,49934],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,106593,236],{},[51,106595,106597],{"className":53,"code":106596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,106598,106599,106630],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106600,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106602,664],{"class":66},[60,106604,71],{"class":70},[60,106606,11488],{"class":74},[60,106608,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106610,88],{"class":74},[60,106612,91],{"class":78},[60,106614,1008],{"class":82},[60,106616,79],{"class":78},[60,106618,88],{"class":74},[60,106620,1776],{"class":74},[60,106622,1345],{"class":1402},[60,106624,88],{"class":74},[60,106626,1407],{"class":1402},[60,106628,106629],{"class":74},")}\n",[60,106631,106632,106634,106636,106638],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106633,143],{"class":142},[60,106635,130],{"class":74},[60,106637,716],{"class":126},[60,106639,136],{"class":74},[20,106641,100565,106642,106644],{},[4753,106643,5632],{}," work inside a set:",[33,106646,106647,106651,106655],{},[36,106648,106649],{},[15,106650,9089],{},[36,106652,106653],{},[15,106654,9819],{},[36,106656,106657],{},[15,106658,7285],{},[20,106660,98069],{},[51,106662,106664],{"className":53,"code":106663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106665,106666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106667,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106669,100584],{"class":66},[60,106671,71],{"class":70},[60,106673,100589],{"class":74},[60,106675,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106677,88],{"class":74},[60,106679,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106681,19055],{"class":74},[60,106683,75],{"class":74},[60,106685,3079],{"class":1402},[60,106687,88],{"class":74},[60,106689,3471],{"class":1402},[60,106691,14698],{"class":74},[20,106693,77832,106694,106696],{},[15,106695,1472],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,106698,106699],{},"A safer example:",[51,106701,106703],{"className":53,"code":106702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,106704,106705,106733],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106706,106707,106710,106712,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106708,106709],{"class":66},"good_set ",[60,106711,71],{"class":70},[60,106713,106714],{"class":74}," {(",[60,106716,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106718,88],{"class":74},[60,106720,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106722,10231],{"class":74},[60,106724,1776],{"class":74},[60,106726,3079],{"class":1402},[60,106728,88],{"class":74},[60,106730,3471],{"class":1402},[60,106732,106629],{"class":74},[60,106734,106735,106737,106739,106742],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106736,143],{"class":142},[60,106738,130],{"class":74},[60,106740,106741],{"class":126},"good_set",[60,106743,136],{"class":74},[20,106745,153],{},[51,106747,106749],{"className":53,"code":106748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,106750,106751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106752,106753,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106754,106755],{"class":74},"{(",[60,106757,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106759,88],{"class":74},[60,106761,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106763,10231],{"class":74},[60,106765,1776],{"class":74},[60,106767,3079],{"class":1402},[60,106769,88],{"class":74},[60,106771,3471],{"class":1402},[60,106773,106629],{"class":74},[46,106775,106777],{"id":106776},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,106779,171,106780,11598],{},[15,106781,4807],{},[33,106783,106784,106787,106792,106795],{},[36,106785,106786],{},"you need unique values only",[36,106788,106789,106790],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,106791,2672],{},[36,106793,106794],{},"order does not matter",[36,106796,106797],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,106799,106800],{},"Example of membership checking:",[51,106802,106804],{"className":53,"code":106803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,106805,106806,106831,106835,106851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106807,106808,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821,106824,106826,106829],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106809,106810],{"class":66},"allowed_ids ",[60,106812,71],{"class":70},[60,106814,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106816,2652],{"class":74},[60,106818,47574],{"class":1402},[60,106820,88],{"class":74},[60,106822,106823],{"class":1402}," 102",[60,106825,88],{"class":74},[60,106827,106828],{"class":1402}," 103",[60,106830,2677],{"class":74},[60,106832,106833],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106834,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,106836,106837,106839,106841,106844,106846,106849],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,106838,143],{"class":142},[60,106840,130],{"class":74},[60,106842,106843],{"class":1402},"102",[60,106845,22168],{"class":2665},[60,106847,106848],{"class":126}," allowed_ids",[60,106850,136],{"class":74},[60,106852,106853,106855,106857,106860,106862,106864],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,106854,143],{"class":142},[60,106856,130],{"class":74},[60,106858,106859],{"class":1402},"999",[60,106861,22168],{"class":2665},[60,106863,106848],{"class":126},[60,106865,136],{"class":74},[20,106867,153],{},[51,106869,106870],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106871,106872,106876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106873,106874],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106875,4983],{"class":1611},[60,106877,106878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106879,5044],{"class":1611},[20,106881,106882],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[46,106884,106886],{"id":106885},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106888,106889],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[415,106891,171,106893,99194],{"id":106892},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106894,4807],{},[51,106896,106897],{"className":53,"code":99255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106898,106899,106909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106900,106901,106903,106905,106907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106902,99262],{"class":66},[60,106904,71],{"class":70},[60,106906,16627],{"class":1527},[60,106908,9640],{"class":74},[60,106910,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106912,143],{"class":142},[60,106914,130],{"class":74},[60,106916,2629],{"class":1527},[60,106918,130],{"class":74},[60,106920,99281],{"class":126},[60,106922,1042],{"class":74},[20,106924,153],{},[51,106926,106927],{"className":53,"code":9850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106928,106929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106930,106931,106933,106935,106937,106939,106941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106932,4304],{"class":70},[60,106934,4307],{"class":3082},[60,106936,365],{"class":78},[60,106938,7285],{"class":82},[60,106940,356],{"class":78},[60,106942,4316],{"class":70},[415,106944,171,106946,106948],{"id":106945},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106947,101254],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[51,106950,106952],{"className":53,"code":106951,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106953,106954,106974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106957,4629],{"class":66},[60,106959,71],{"class":70},[60,106961,11488],{"class":74},[60,106963,1432],{"class":1402},[60,106965,88],{"class":74},[60,106967,1437],{"class":1402},[60,106969,88],{"class":74},[60,106971,1442],{"class":1402},[60,106973,10306],{"class":74},[60,106975,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,106977,143],{"class":142},[60,106979,130],{"class":74},[60,106981,2629],{"class":1527},[60,106983,130],{"class":74},[60,106985,4659],{"class":126},[60,106987,1042],{"class":74},[20,106989,153],{},[51,106991,106992],{"className":53,"code":9850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,106993,106994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,106995,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,106997,4304],{"class":70},[60,106999,4307],{"class":3082},[60,107001,365],{"class":78},[60,107003,7285],{"class":82},[60,107005,356],{"class":78},[60,107007,4316],{"class":70},[415,107009,171,107011,107013],{"id":107010},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,107012,4802],{}," for an empty dictionary",[51,107015,107017],{"className":53,"code":107016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,107018,107019,107028],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107020,107021,107024,107026],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107022,107023],{"class":66},"empty_dict ",[60,107025,71],{"class":70},[60,107027,10835],{"class":74},[60,107029,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107041],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107031,143],{"class":142},[60,107033,130],{"class":74},[60,107035,2629],{"class":1527},[60,107037,130],{"class":74},[60,107039,107040],{"class":126},"empty_dict",[60,107042,1042],{"class":74},[20,107044,153],{},[51,107046,107047],{"className":53,"code":9806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107048,107049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107050,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059,107061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107052,4304],{"class":70},[60,107054,4307],{"class":3082},[60,107056,365],{"class":78},[60,107058,9819],{"class":82},[60,107060,356],{"class":78},[60,107062,4316],{"class":70},[20,107064,107065],{},"So the rule is simple:",[33,107067,107068,107073,107078],{},[36,107069,107070,107072],{},[15,107071,4807],{}," → empty set",[36,107074,107075,107077],{},[15,107076,101254],{}," → non-empty set",[36,107079,107080,107082],{},[15,107081,4802],{}," → empty dictionary",[46,107084,3845],{"id":3844},[20,107086,107087,107088,123],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,107089,4807],{},[415,107091,9413,107092,100852],{"id":100849},[15,107093,4802],{},[20,107095,107096],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[51,107098,107099],{"className":53,"code":100858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,107100,107101,107109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107102,107103,107105,107107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107104,3462],{"class":66},[60,107106,71],{"class":70},[60,107108,10835],{"class":74},[60,107110,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107112,143],{"class":142},[60,107114,130],{"class":74},[60,107116,2629],{"class":1527},[60,107118,130],{"class":74},[60,107120,3487],{"class":126},[60,107122,1042],{"class":74},[415,107124,107126,107127],{"id":107125},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,107128,107129],{},"set(5)",[20,107131,107132,107134],{},[15,107133,4807],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[51,107136,107138],{"className":53,"code":107137,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set(5)\n",[15,107139,107140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107141,107142,107144,107146,107148],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107143,7285],{"class":1527},[60,107145,130],{"class":74},[60,107147,3154],{"class":1402},[60,107149,136],{"class":74},[20,107151,4016,107152,107154,107155,123],{},[15,107153,1472],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[551,107156,107158],{"href":107157},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[415,107160,107162],{"id":107161},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,107164,107165],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[51,107167,107169],{"className":53,"code":107168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,107170,107171],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107172,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107174,3462],{"class":66},[60,107176,71],{"class":70},[60,107178,100589],{"class":74},[60,107180,1432],{"class":1402},[60,107182,88],{"class":74},[60,107184,1437],{"class":1402},[60,107186,19055],{"class":74},[60,107188,75],{"class":74},[60,107190,3079],{"class":1402},[60,107192,88],{"class":74},[60,107194,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107196,14698],{"class":74},[415,107198,9449,107200,107202],{"id":107199},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,107201,4807],{}," to keep the original order",[20,107204,107205],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[415,107207,38192,107209,9702,107211,3894,107213],{"id":107208},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,107210,4807],{},[15,107212,25774],{},[15,107214,10117],{},[20,107216,107217],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[46,107219,61687],{"id":61686},[20,107221,12108],{},[51,107223,107225],{"className":53,"code":107224,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,107226,107227,107242,107252,107266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107228,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107230,143],{"class":142},[60,107232,130],{"class":74},[60,107234,2629],{"class":1527},[60,107236,130],{"class":74},[60,107238,107239],{"class":126},"my_value",[60,107241,1042],{"class":74},[60,107243,107244,107246,107248,107250],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107245,143],{"class":142},[60,107247,130],{"class":74},[60,107249,107239],{"class":126},[60,107251,136],{"class":74},[60,107253,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,107255,143],{"class":142},[60,107257,130],{"class":74},[60,107259,9089],{"class":1527},[60,107261,130],{"class":74},[60,107263,16660],{"class":126},[60,107265,1042],{"class":74},[60,107267,107268,107270,107272,107274,107276,107278],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,107269,143],{"class":142},[60,107271,130],{"class":74},[60,107273,12157],{"class":142},[60,107275,130],{"class":74},[60,107277,16660],{"class":126},[60,107279,1042],{"class":74},[20,107281,107282],{},"What they help you see:",[33,107284,107285,107291,107296,107302],{},[36,107286,107287,107290],{},[15,107288,107289],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[36,107292,107293,91520],{},[15,107294,107295],{},"print(my_value)",[36,107297,107298,107301],{},[15,107299,107300],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[36,107303,107304,107307],{},[15,107305,107306],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[46,107309,2804],{"id":2803},[415,107311,107313],{"id":107312},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,107315,107316],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[415,107318,107320],{"id":107319},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,107322,171,107323,107325,107326,107328],{},[15,107324,4807],{},". Do not use ",[15,107327,4802],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[415,107330,107332],{"id":107331},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,107334,107335],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[415,107337,107339],{"id":107338},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,107341,107342],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,107344,236],{},[51,107346,107348],{"className":53,"code":107347,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,107349,107350],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107351,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107353,143],{"class":142},[60,107355,130],{"class":74},[60,107357,7285],{"class":1527},[60,107359,130],{"class":74},[60,107361,79],{"class":78},[60,107363,1604],{"class":82},[60,107365,79],{"class":78},[60,107367,1042],{"class":74},[20,107369,31023],{},[51,107371,107373],{"className":53,"code":107372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,107374,107375],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107376,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107378,10275],{"class":74},[60,107380,356],{"class":78},[60,107382,551],{"class":82},[60,107384,356],{"class":78},[60,107386,88],{"class":74},[60,107388,365],{"class":78},[60,107390,20],{"class":82},[60,107392,356],{"class":78},[60,107394,88],{"class":74},[60,107396,365],{"class":78},[60,107398,61436],{"class":82},[60,107400,356],{"class":78},[60,107402,88],{"class":74},[60,107404,365],{"class":78},[60,107406,61427],{"class":82},[60,107408,356],{"class":78},[60,107410,10306],{"class":74},[415,107412,6158,107414,107417],{"id":107413},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,107415,107416],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,107419,107420,29678,107422,107425],{},[15,107421,4807],{},[4753,107423,107424],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,107427,107428],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[51,107430,107432],{"className":53,"code":107431,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,107433,107434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107437,143],{"class":142},[60,107439,130],{"class":74},[60,107441,7285],{"class":1527},[60,107443,2652],{"class":74},[60,107445,1432],{"class":1402},[60,107447,88],{"class":74},[60,107449,1437],{"class":1402},[60,107451,88],{"class":74},[60,107453,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107455,88],{"class":74},[60,107457,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107459,2718],{"class":74},[46,107461,2870],{"id":2869},[33,107463,107464,107468,107472,107476,107480],{},[36,107465,107466],{},[551,107467,97301],{"href":97300},[36,107469,107470],{},[551,107471,105464],{"href":97304},[36,107473,107474],{},[551,107475,101316],{"href":106315},[36,107477,107478],{},[551,107479,106022],{"href":65822},[36,107481,107482],{},[551,107483,107158],{"href":107157},[2912,107485,107486],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":107488},[107489,107490,107491,107492,107493,107499,107500,107501,107509,107519,107520,107528],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":105640,"depth":111,"text":105641},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":106025,"depth":111,"text":106026},{"id":106212,"depth":111,"text":106213,"children":107494},[107495,107496,107497,107498],{"id":106216,"depth":139,"text":106217},{"id":106318,"depth":139,"text":106319},{"id":106402,"depth":139,"text":106403},{"id":106494,"depth":139,"text":106495},{"id":106562,"depth":111,"text":106563},{"id":106776,"depth":111,"text":106777},{"id":106885,"depth":111,"text":106886,"children":107502},[107503,107505,107507],{"id":106892,"depth":139,"text":107504},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106945,"depth":139,"text":107506},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":107010,"depth":139,"text":107508},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":107510},[107511,107512,107514,107515,107517],{"id":100849,"depth":139,"text":101357},{"id":107125,"depth":139,"text":107513},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":107161,"depth":139,"text":107162},{"id":107199,"depth":139,"text":107516},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":107208,"depth":139,"text":107518},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61686,"depth":111,"text":61687},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":107521},[107522,107523,107524,107525,107526],{"id":107312,"depth":139,"text":107313},{"id":107319,"depth":139,"text":107320},{"id":107331,"depth":139,"text":107332},{"id":107338,"depth":139,"text":107339},{"id":107413,"depth":139,"text":107527},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":105522,"description":107529},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":107536,"title":107537,"body":107538,"description":109053,"extension":2980,"meta":109054,"navigation":304,"path":109055,"seo":109056,"stem":109057,"__hash__":109058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":107539,"toc":109029},[107540,107546,107551,107554,107637,107642,107647,107652,107654,107667,107671,107673,107692,107695,107718,107721,107732,107734,107815,107817,107834,107836,107842,107845,107940,107942,107973,107975,107983,107985,107988,108099,108101,108126,108128,108150,108155,108160,108166,108275,108277,108293,108296,108299,108382,108384,108401,108409,108411,108415,108421,108512,108514,108547,108552,108559,108636,108638,108655,108661,108663,108667,108683,108686,108712,108714,108775,108777,108900,108902,108953,108959,108961,108966,108968,108974,108977,108981,108984,108988,108991,109001,109003,109026],[10,107541,163,107543,18],{"id":107542},"python-setintersection-method",[15,107544,107545],{},"set.intersection()",[20,107547,2997,107548,107550],{},[15,107549,107545],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,107552,107553],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[51,107555,107557],{"className":53,"code":107556,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,107558,107559,107579,107599,107603,107622,107632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107560,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575,107577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107562,3569],{"class":66},[60,107564,71],{"class":70},[60,107566,11488],{"class":74},[60,107568,1432],{"class":1402},[60,107570,88],{"class":74},[60,107572,1437],{"class":1402},[60,107574,88],{"class":74},[60,107576,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107578,10306],{"class":74},[60,107580,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593,107595,107597],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107582,3596],{"class":66},[60,107584,71],{"class":70},[60,107586,11488],{"class":74},[60,107588,1925],{"class":1402},[60,107590,88],{"class":74},[60,107592,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107594,88],{"class":74},[60,107596,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107598,10306],{"class":74},[60,107600,107601],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,107602,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,107604,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613,107616,107618,107620],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,107606,114],{"class":66},[60,107608,71],{"class":70},[60,107610,57868],{"class":66},[60,107612,123],{"class":74},[60,107614,107615],{"class":126},"intersection",[60,107617,130],{"class":74},[60,107619,2258],{"class":126},[60,107621,136],{"class":74},[60,107623,107624,107626,107628,107630],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,107625,143],{"class":142},[60,107627,130],{"class":74},[60,107629,148],{"class":126},[60,107631,136],{"class":74},[60,107633,107634],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,107635,107636],{"class":4674},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,107638,171,107639,107641],{},[15,107640,103763],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[46,107643,13990,107645,13993],{"id":107644},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,107646,103763],{},[20,107648,107649,107651],{},[15,107650,103763],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,107653,14046],{},[33,107655,107656,107659,107661,107664],{},[36,107657,107658],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[36,107660,101533],{},[36,107662,107663],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[36,107665,107666],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,107668,97297,107669,123],{},[551,107670,97301],{"href":97300},[46,107672,389],{"id":388},[51,107674,107676],{"className":53,"code":107675,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,107677,107678],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107679,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107681,101557],{"class":66},[60,107683,123],{"class":74},[60,107685,107615],{"class":126},[60,107687,130],{"class":74},[60,107689,101566],{"class":126},[60,107691,136],{"class":74},[20,107693,107694],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[51,107696,107698],{"className":53,"code":107697,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,107699,107700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107701,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710,107712,107714,107716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107703,101557],{"class":66},[60,107705,123],{"class":74},[60,107707,107615],{"class":126},[60,107709,130],{"class":74},[60,107711,101566],{"class":126},[60,107713,88],{"class":74},[60,107715,101593],{"class":126},[60,107717,136],{"class":74},[20,107719,107720],{},"Important notes:",[33,107722,107723,107726,107729],{},[36,107724,107725],{},"The result is always a new set",[36,107727,107728],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[36,107730,107731],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,107733,236],{},[51,107735,107737],{"className":53,"code":107736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107738,107739,107763,107783,107787,107805],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107740,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757,107759,107761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107742,3569],{"class":66},[60,107744,71],{"class":70},[60,107746,11488],{"class":74},[60,107748,1432],{"class":1402},[60,107750,88],{"class":74},[60,107752,1437],{"class":1402},[60,107754,88],{"class":74},[60,107756,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107758,88],{"class":74},[60,107760,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107762,10306],{"class":74},[60,107764,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107766,3596],{"class":66},[60,107768,71],{"class":70},[60,107770,11488],{"class":74},[60,107772,3079],{"class":1402},[60,107774,88],{"class":74},[60,107776,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107778,88],{"class":74},[60,107780,5606],{"class":1402},[60,107782,10306],{"class":74},[60,107784,107785],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,107786,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,107788,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799,107801,107803],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,107790,114],{"class":66},[60,107792,71],{"class":70},[60,107794,57868],{"class":66},[60,107796,123],{"class":74},[60,107798,107615],{"class":126},[60,107800,130],{"class":74},[60,107802,2258],{"class":126},[60,107804,136],{"class":74},[60,107806,107807,107809,107811,107813],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,107808,143],{"class":142},[60,107810,130],{"class":74},[60,107812,148],{"class":126},[60,107814,136],{"class":74},[20,107816,153],{},[51,107818,107820],{"className":53,"code":107819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{3, 4}\n",[15,107821,107822],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107823,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107825,10275],{"class":74},[60,107827,3079],{"class":1402},[60,107829,88],{"class":74},[60,107831,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107833,10306],{"class":74},[46,107835,18413],{"id":18412},[20,107837,107838,22970,107840,123],{},[15,107839,103763],{},[4753,107841,7285],{},[20,107843,107844],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[51,107846,107848],{"className":53,"code":107847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,107849,107850,107870,107890,107894,107912,107916,107926],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107851,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107853,3569],{"class":66},[60,107855,71],{"class":70},[60,107857,11488],{"class":74},[60,107859,1432],{"class":1402},[60,107861,88],{"class":74},[60,107863,1437],{"class":1402},[60,107865,88],{"class":74},[60,107867,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107869,10306],{"class":74},[60,107871,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107873,3596],{"class":66},[60,107875,71],{"class":70},[60,107877,11488],{"class":74},[60,107879,1925],{"class":1402},[60,107881,88],{"class":74},[60,107883,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107885,88],{"class":74},[60,107887,3471],{"class":1402},[60,107889,10306],{"class":74},[60,107891,107892],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,107893,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,107895,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,107897,114],{"class":66},[60,107899,71],{"class":70},[60,107901,57868],{"class":66},[60,107903,123],{"class":74},[60,107905,107615],{"class":126},[60,107907,130],{"class":74},[60,107909,2258],{"class":126},[60,107911,136],{"class":74},[60,107913,107914],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,107915,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,107917,107918,107920,107922,107924],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,107919,143],{"class":142},[60,107921,130],{"class":74},[60,107923,148],{"class":126},[60,107925,136],{"class":74},[60,107927,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,107929,143],{"class":142},[60,107931,130],{"class":74},[60,107933,2629],{"class":1527},[60,107935,130],{"class":74},[60,107937,148],{"class":126},[60,107939,1042],{"class":74},[20,107941,153],{},[51,107943,107945],{"className":53,"code":107944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107946,107947,107959],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107948,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107950,10275],{"class":74},[60,107952,1925],{"class":1402},[60,107954,88],{"class":74},[60,107956,1442],{"class":1402},[60,107958,10306],{"class":74},[60,107960,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,107962,4304],{"class":70},[60,107964,4307],{"class":3082},[60,107966,365],{"class":78},[60,107968,7285],{"class":82},[60,107970,356],{"class":78},[60,107972,4316],{"class":70},[20,107974,86785],{},[33,107976,107977,107980],{},[36,107978,107979],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[36,107981,107982],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[46,107984,12470],{"id":12469},[20,107986,107987],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[51,107989,107991],{"className":53,"code":107990,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107992,107993,108026,108059,108063,108084,108088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,107994,107995,107998,108000,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,107996,107997],{"class":66},"colors1 ",[60,107999,71],{"class":70},[60,108001,11488],{"class":74},[60,108003,79],{"class":78},[60,108005,254],{"class":82},[60,108007,79],{"class":78},[60,108009,88],{"class":74},[60,108011,91],{"class":78},[60,108013,272],{"class":82},[60,108015,79],{"class":78},[60,108017,88],{"class":74},[60,108019,91],{"class":78},[60,108021,263],{"class":82},[60,108023,79],{"class":78},[60,108025,10306],{"class":74},[60,108027,108028,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055,108057],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108029,108030],{"class":66},"colors2 ",[60,108032,71],{"class":70},[60,108034,11488],{"class":74},[60,108036,79],{"class":78},[60,108038,263],{"class":82},[60,108040,79],{"class":78},[60,108042,88],{"class":74},[60,108044,91],{"class":78},[60,108046,23517],{"class":82},[60,108048,79],{"class":78},[60,108050,88],{"class":74},[60,108052,91],{"class":78},[60,108054,272],{"class":82},[60,108056,79],{"class":78},[60,108058,10306],{"class":74},[60,108060,108061],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108062,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108064,108065,108068,108070,108073,108075,108077,108079,108082],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108066,108067],{"class":66},"common_colors ",[60,108069,71],{"class":70},[60,108071,108072],{"class":66}," colors1",[60,108074,123],{"class":74},[60,108076,107615],{"class":126},[60,108078,130],{"class":74},[60,108080,108081],{"class":126},"colors2",[60,108083,136],{"class":74},[60,108085,108086],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,108087,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108089,108090,108092,108094,108097],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,108091,143],{"class":142},[60,108093,130],{"class":74},[60,108095,108096],{"class":126},"common_colors",[60,108098,136],{"class":74},[20,108100,153],{},[51,108102,108104],{"className":53,"code":108103,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,108105,108106],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108107,108108,108110,108112,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108109,10275],{"class":74},[60,108111,356],{"class":78},[60,108113,272],{"class":82},[60,108115,356],{"class":78},[60,108117,88],{"class":74},[60,108119,365],{"class":78},[60,108121,263],{"class":82},[60,108123,356],{"class":78},[60,108125,10306],{"class":74},[20,108127,12679],{},[33,108129,108130,108136,108140,108145],{},[36,108131,108132,108135],{},[15,108133,108134],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[36,108137,108138,108135],{},[15,108139,108081],{},[36,108141,108142,108144],{},[15,108143,103763],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[36,108146,108147,108148],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,108149,108096],{},[46,108151,9413,108153,102130],{"id":108152},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,108154,103763],{},[20,108156,108157,108158,123],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,108159,103763],{},[20,108161,108162,108163,108165],{},"Only the values found in ",[4753,108164,4726],{}," inputs will be kept.",[51,108167,108169],{"className":53,"code":108168,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,108170,108171,108195,108219,108239,108243,108265],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108172,108173,108175,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108174,3569],{"class":66},[60,108176,71],{"class":70},[60,108178,11488],{"class":74},[60,108180,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108182,88],{"class":74},[60,108184,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108186,88],{"class":74},[60,108188,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108190,88],{"class":74},[60,108192,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108194,10306],{"class":74},[60,108196,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108198,3596],{"class":66},[60,108200,71],{"class":70},[60,108202,11488],{"class":74},[60,108204,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108206,88],{"class":74},[60,108208,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108210,88],{"class":74},[60,108212,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108214,88],{"class":74},[60,108216,5606],{"class":1402},[60,108218,10306],{"class":74},[60,108220,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108222,84159],{"class":66},[60,108224,71],{"class":70},[60,108226,11488],{"class":74},[60,108228,3079],{"class":1402},[60,108230,88],{"class":74},[60,108232,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108234,88],{"class":74},[60,108236,38631],{"class":1402},[60,108238,10306],{"class":74},[60,108240,108241],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108242,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108244,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,108246,114],{"class":66},[60,108248,71],{"class":70},[60,108250,57868],{"class":66},[60,108252,123],{"class":74},[60,108254,107615],{"class":126},[60,108256,130],{"class":74},[60,108258,2258],{"class":126},[60,108260,88],{"class":74},[60,108262,10679],{"class":126},[60,108264,136],{"class":74},[60,108266,108267,108269,108271,108273],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,108268,143],{"class":142},[60,108270,130],{"class":74},[60,108272,148],{"class":126},[60,108274,136],{"class":74},[20,108276,153],{},[51,108278,108279],{"className":53,"code":107819,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,108280,108281],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108282,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108284,10275],{"class":74},[60,108286,3079],{"class":1402},[60,108288,88],{"class":74},[60,108290,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108292,10306],{"class":74},[20,108294,108295],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,108297,108298],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[51,108300,108302],{"className":53,"code":108301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,108303,108304,108328,108332,108372],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108305,108306,108308,108310,108312,108314,108316,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108307,3569],{"class":66},[60,108309,71],{"class":70},[60,108311,11488],{"class":74},[60,108313,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108315,88],{"class":74},[60,108317,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108319,88],{"class":74},[60,108321,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108323,88],{"class":74},[60,108325,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108327,10306],{"class":74},[60,108329,108330],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108331,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108333,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346,108348,108350,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108335,114],{"class":66},[60,108337,71],{"class":70},[60,108339,57868],{"class":66},[60,108341,123],{"class":74},[60,108343,107615],{"class":126},[60,108345,2652],{"class":74},[60,108347,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108349,88],{"class":74},[60,108351,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108353,88],{"class":74},[60,108355,38631],{"class":1402},[60,108357,19055],{"class":74},[60,108359,1776],{"class":74},[60,108361,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108363,88],{"class":74},[60,108365,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108367,88],{"class":74},[60,108369,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108371,1042],{"class":74},[60,108373,108374,108376,108378,108380],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108375,143],{"class":142},[60,108377,130],{"class":74},[60,108379,148],{"class":126},[60,108381,136],{"class":74},[20,108383,153],{},[51,108385,108387],{"className":53,"code":108386,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 4}\n",[15,108388,108389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108390,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108392,10275],{"class":74},[60,108394,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108396,88],{"class":74},[60,108398,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108400,10306],{"class":74},[46,108402,108404,11583,108406],{"id":108403},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,108405,103763],{},[15,108407,108408],{},"intersection_update()",[20,108410,102300],{},[415,108412,108413],{"id":107615},[15,108414,103763],{},[33,108416,108417,108419],{},[36,108418,102309],{},[36,108420,102312],{},[51,108422,108424],{"className":53,"code":108423,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,108425,108426,108446,108466,108470,108488,108492,108502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108427,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108429,3569],{"class":66},[60,108431,71],{"class":70},[60,108433,11488],{"class":74},[60,108435,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108437,88],{"class":74},[60,108439,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108441,88],{"class":74},[60,108443,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108445,10306],{"class":74},[60,108447,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460,108462,108464],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108449,3596],{"class":66},[60,108451,71],{"class":70},[60,108453,11488],{"class":74},[60,108455,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108457,88],{"class":74},[60,108459,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108461,88],{"class":74},[60,108463,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108465,10306],{"class":74},[60,108467,108468],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108469,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108471,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480,108482,108484,108486],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108473,114],{"class":66},[60,108475,71],{"class":70},[60,108477,57868],{"class":66},[60,108479,123],{"class":74},[60,108481,107615],{"class":126},[60,108483,130],{"class":74},[60,108485,2258],{"class":126},[60,108487,136],{"class":74},[60,108489,108490],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,108491,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108493,108494,108496,108498,108500],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,108495,143],{"class":142},[60,108497,130],{"class":74},[60,108499,551],{"class":126},[60,108501,136],{"class":74},[60,108503,108504,108506,108508,108510],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,108505,143],{"class":142},[60,108507,130],{"class":74},[60,108509,148],{"class":126},[60,108511,136],{"class":74},[20,108513,153],{},[51,108515,108517],{"className":53,"code":108516,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,108518,108519,108535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108520,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531,108533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108522,10275],{"class":74},[60,108524,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108526,88],{"class":74},[60,108528,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108530,88],{"class":74},[60,108532,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108534,10306],{"class":74},[60,108536,108537,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108538,10275],{"class":74},[60,108540,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108542,88],{"class":74},[60,108544,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108546,10306],{"class":74},[415,108548,108550],{"id":108549},"intersection_update",[15,108551,108408],{},[33,108553,108554,108556],{},[36,108555,102452],{},[36,108557,108558],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[51,108560,108562],{"className":53,"code":108561,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,108563,108564,108584,108604,108608,108622,108626],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108565,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580,108582],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108567,3569],{"class":66},[60,108569,71],{"class":70},[60,108571,11488],{"class":74},[60,108573,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108575,88],{"class":74},[60,108577,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108579,88],{"class":74},[60,108581,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108583,10306],{"class":74},[60,108585,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596,108598,108600,108602],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108587,3596],{"class":66},[60,108589,71],{"class":70},[60,108591,11488],{"class":74},[60,108593,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108595,88],{"class":74},[60,108597,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108599,88],{"class":74},[60,108601,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108603,10306],{"class":74},[60,108605,108606],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108607,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108609,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108611,551],{"class":66},[60,108613,123],{"class":74},[60,108615,108549],{"class":126},[60,108617,130],{"class":74},[60,108619,2258],{"class":126},[60,108621,136],{"class":74},[60,108623,108624],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,108625,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108627,108628,108630,108632,108634],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,108629,143],{"class":142},[60,108631,130],{"class":74},[60,108633,551],{"class":126},[60,108635,136],{"class":74},[20,108637,153],{},[51,108639,108641],{"className":53,"code":108640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{2, 3}\n",[15,108642,108643],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108644,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108646,10275],{"class":74},[60,108648,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108650,88],{"class":74},[60,108652,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108654,10306],{"class":74},[20,108656,108657,108658,108660],{},"Choose ",[15,108659,103763],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[46,108662,5520],{"id":5519},[20,108664,15726,108665,3901],{},[15,108666,103763],{},[33,108668,108669,108672,108675,108678],{},[36,108670,108671],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[36,108673,108674],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[36,108676,108677],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[36,108679,108680,108681],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,108682,103763],{},[20,108684,108685],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[33,108687,108688,108693,108696,108709],{},[36,108689,9413,108690,108692],{},[15,108691,103763],{}," when order matters",[36,108694,108695],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[36,108697,38192,108698,9702,108700,3894,108705],{},[15,108699,103763],{},[551,108701,108703],{"href":108702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,108704,103771],{},[551,108706,108707],{"href":103812},[15,108708,101386],{},[36,108710,108711],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,108713,31129],{},[51,108715,108717],{"className":53,"code":108716,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108718,108719,108729,108743,108761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108720,108721,108723,108725,108727],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108722,143],{"class":142},[60,108724,130],{"class":74},[60,108726,16660],{"class":126},[60,108728,136],{"class":74},[60,108730,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108732,143],{"class":142},[60,108734,130],{"class":74},[60,108736,2629],{"class":1527},[60,108738,130],{"class":74},[60,108740,148],{"class":126},[60,108742,1042],{"class":74},[60,108744,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108746,143],{"class":142},[60,108748,130],{"class":74},[60,108750,101557],{"class":126},[60,108752,123],{"class":74},[60,108754,107615],{"class":126},[60,108756,130],{"class":74},[60,108758,101566],{"class":126},[60,108760,1042],{"class":74},[60,108762,108763,108765,108767,108769,108771,108773],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108764,143],{"class":142},[60,108766,130],{"class":74},[60,108768,12157],{"class":142},[60,108770,130],{"class":74},[60,108772,148],{"class":126},[60,108774,1042],{"class":74},[20,108776,236],{},[51,108778,108780],{"className":53,"code":108779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,108781,108782,108806,108826,108830,108848,108852,108862,108872,108886],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108783,108784,108786,108788,108790,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802,108804],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108785,4629],{"class":66},[60,108787,71],{"class":70},[60,108789,11488],{"class":74},[60,108791,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108793,88],{"class":74},[60,108795,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108797,88],{"class":74},[60,108799,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108801,88],{"class":74},[60,108803,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108805,10306],{"class":74},[60,108807,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108809,44530],{"class":66},[60,108811,71],{"class":70},[60,108813,11488],{"class":74},[60,108815,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108817,88],{"class":74},[60,108819,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108821,88],{"class":74},[60,108823,3471],{"class":1402},[60,108825,10306],{"class":74},[60,108827,108828],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108829,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108831,108832,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108833,114],{"class":66},[60,108835,71],{"class":70},[60,108837,5264],{"class":66},[60,108839,123],{"class":74},[60,108841,107615],{"class":126},[60,108843,130],{"class":74},[60,108845,31735],{"class":126},[60,108847,136],{"class":74},[60,108849,108850],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,108851,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,108855,143],{"class":142},[60,108857,130],{"class":74},[60,108859,4659],{"class":126},[60,108861,136],{"class":74},[60,108863,108864,108866,108868,108870],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,108865,143],{"class":142},[60,108867,130],{"class":74},[60,108869,148],{"class":126},[60,108871,136],{"class":74},[60,108873,108874,108876,108878,108880,108882,108884],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,108875,143],{"class":142},[60,108877,130],{"class":74},[60,108879,2629],{"class":1527},[60,108881,130],{"class":74},[60,108883,148],{"class":126},[60,108885,1042],{"class":74},[60,108887,108888,108890,108892,108894,108896,108898],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,108889,143],{"class":142},[60,108891,130],{"class":74},[60,108893,12157],{"class":142},[60,108895,130],{"class":74},[60,108897,148],{"class":126},[60,108899,1042],{"class":74},[20,108901,153],{},[51,108903,108905],{"className":53,"code":108904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108906,108907,108923,108935,108949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108908,108909,108911,108913,108915,108917,108919,108921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108910,10275],{"class":74},[60,108912,1432],{"class":1402},[60,108914,88],{"class":74},[60,108916,1437],{"class":1402},[60,108918,88],{"class":74},[60,108920,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108922,10306],{"class":74},[60,108924,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,108926,10275],{"class":74},[60,108928,1925],{"class":1402},[60,108930,88],{"class":74},[60,108932,1442],{"class":1402},[60,108934,10306],{"class":74},[60,108936,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,108938,4304],{"class":70},[60,108940,4307],{"class":3082},[60,108942,365],{"class":78},[60,108944,7285],{"class":82},[60,108946,356],{"class":78},[60,108948,4316],{"class":70},[60,108950,108951],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,108952,18050],{"class":1402},[20,108954,108955,108956,108958],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108957,1925],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[46,108960,2804],{"id":2803},[415,108962,2808,108964,103711],{"id":108963},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108965,103763],{},[20,108967,103714],{},[415,108969,6170,108971,108973],{"id":108970},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108972,103763],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108975,108976],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[415,108978,108980],{"id":108979},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108982,108983],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[415,108985,108987],{"id":108986},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108989,108990],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[51,108992,108993],{"className":53,"code":98430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,108994,108995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,108996,108997,108999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,108998,7285],{"class":1527},[60,109000,9640],{"class":74},[46,109002,2870],{"id":2869},[33,109004,109005,109009,109016,109022],{},[36,109006,109007],{},[551,109008,97301],{"href":97300},[36,109010,109011],{},[551,109012,163,109013,2887],{"href":108702},[15,109014,109015],{},"set.union()",[36,109017,109018],{},[551,109019,163,109020,2887],{"href":103812},[15,109021,101391],{},[36,109023,109024],{},[551,109025,101316],{"href":106315},[2912,109027,109028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":109030},[109031,109033,109034,109035,109036,109038,109043,109044,109052],{"id":107644,"depth":111,"text":109032},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":108152,"depth":111,"text":109037},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":108403,"depth":111,"text":109039,"children":109040},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[109041,109042],{"id":107615,"depth":139,"text":103763},{"id":108549,"depth":139,"text":108408},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":109045},[109046,109048,109050,109051],{"id":108963,"depth":139,"text":109047},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108970,"depth":139,"text":109049},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108979,"depth":139,"text":108980},{"id":108986,"depth":139,"text":108987},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":107537,"description":109053},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":109060,"title":109061,"body":109062,"description":110298,"extension":2980,"meta":110299,"navigation":304,"path":110300,"seo":110301,"stem":110302,"__hash__":110303},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":109063,"toc":110265},[109064,109069,109075,109084,109086,109161,109166,109181,109191,109196,109200,109213,109217,109219,109234,109236,109252,109254,109329,109333,109336,109338,109355,109360,109415,109420,109432,109436,109439,109540,109542,109583,109586,109590,109597,109599,109624,109627,109645,109652,109658,109661,109743,109750,109753,109833,109842,109845,109850,109854,109868,109917,109922,109926,109937,109986,109997,110002,110006,110018,110067,110078,110080,110084,110107,110109,110166,110168,110182,110184,110190,110196,110202,110211,110215,110222,110226,110234,110236,110262],[10,109065,97173,109067,18],{"id":109066},"python-set-pop-method",[15,109068,13757],{},[20,109070,109071,109074],{},[15,109072,109073],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,109076,109077,109078,109080,109081,109083],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[4753,109079,5632],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,109082,13757],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[46,109085,3022],{"id":3021},[51,109087,109089],{"className":53,"code":109088,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,109090,109091,109123,109137,109141,109151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109,109111,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109094,664],{"class":66},[60,109096,71],{"class":70},[60,109098,11488],{"class":74},[60,109100,79],{"class":78},[60,109102,1604],{"class":82},[60,109104,79],{"class":78},[60,109106,88],{"class":74},[60,109108,91],{"class":78},[60,109110,1619],{"class":82},[60,109112,79],{"class":78},[60,109114,88],{"class":74},[60,109116,91],{"class":78},[60,109118,5098],{"class":82},[60,109120,79],{"class":78},[60,109122,10306],{"class":74},[60,109124,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109126,70909],{"class":66},[60,109128,71],{"class":70},[60,109130,1989],{"class":66},[60,109132,123],{"class":74},[60,109134,27234],{"class":126},[60,109136,9640],{"class":74},[60,109138,109139],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109140,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109142,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,109144,143],{"class":142},[60,109146,130],{"class":74},[60,109148,70932],{"class":126},[60,109150,136],{"class":74},[60,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,109154,143],{"class":142},[60,109156,130],{"class":74},[60,109158,716],{"class":126},[60,109160,136],{"class":74},[20,109162,109163],{},[4753,109164,109165],{},"What this does:",[33,109167,109168,109173,109178],{},[36,109169,109170,109171],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,109172,716],{},[36,109174,109175,109176],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,109177,70932],{},[36,109179,109180],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,109182,109183,89936,109185,109187,109188,109190],{},[4753,109184,84794],{},[15,109186,109073],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[4753,109189,5632],{}," chosen by index.",[46,109192,178,109194,181],{"id":109193},"what-setpop-does",[15,109195,109073],{},[20,109197,109198,3901],{},[15,109199,109073],{},[33,109201,109202,109204,109207,109210],{},[36,109203,104014],{},[36,109205,109206],{},"Returns the removed item",[36,109208,109209],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[36,109211,109212],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,109214,97297,109215,123],{},[551,109216,97301],{"href":98471},[46,109218,389],{"id":388},[51,109220,109222],{"className":53,"code":109221,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,109223,109224],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109227,16660],{"class":66},[60,109229,123],{"class":74},[60,109231,27234],{"class":126},[60,109233,9640],{"class":74},[20,109235,14046],{},[33,109237,109238,109244,109249],{},[36,109239,109240,109241],{},"The syntax is ",[15,109242,109243],{},"my_set.pop()",[36,109245,109246,109247],{},"It takes ",[4753,109248,29681],{},[36,109250,109251],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,109253,236],{},[51,109255,109257],{"className":53,"code":109256,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109258,109259,109291,109305,109309,109319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109260,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109262,1070],{"class":66},[60,109264,71],{"class":70},[60,109266,11488],{"class":74},[60,109268,79],{"class":78},[60,109270,254],{"class":82},[60,109272,79],{"class":78},[60,109274,88],{"class":74},[60,109276,91],{"class":78},[60,109278,272],{"class":82},[60,109280,79],{"class":78},[60,109282,88],{"class":74},[60,109284,91],{"class":78},[60,109286,263],{"class":82},[60,109288,79],{"class":78},[60,109290,10306],{"class":74},[60,109292,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109294,29531],{"class":66},[60,109296,71],{"class":70},[60,109298,14115],{"class":66},[60,109300,123],{"class":74},[60,109302,27234],{"class":126},[60,109304,9640],{"class":74},[60,109306,109307],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109308,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109310,109311,109313,109315,109317],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,109312,143],{"class":142},[60,109314,130],{"class":74},[60,109316,2659],{"class":126},[60,109318,136],{"class":74},[60,109320,109321,109323,109325,109327],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,109322,143],{"class":142},[60,109324,130],{"class":74},[60,109326,1119],{"class":126},[60,109328,136],{"class":74},[46,109330,109332],{"id":109331},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,109334,109335],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,109337,3124],{},[33,109339,109340,109346,109349],{},[36,109341,109342,109343,109345],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,109344,13757],{}," removes",[36,109347,109348],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[36,109350,109351,109352,109354],{},"You should not use ",[15,109353,13757],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,109356,11458,109357,109359],{},[4753,109358,5632],{}," valid:",[51,109361,109363],{"className":53,"code":109362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,109364,109365,109397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109366,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109368,37227],{"class":66},[60,109370,71],{"class":70},[60,109372,11488],{"class":74},[60,109374,79],{"class":78},[60,109376,1604],{"class":82},[60,109378,79],{"class":78},[60,109380,88],{"class":74},[60,109382,91],{"class":78},[60,109384,1619],{"class":82},[60,109386,79],{"class":78},[60,109388,88],{"class":74},[60,109390,91],{"class":78},[60,109392,5098],{"class":82},[60,109394,79],{"class":78},[60,109396,10306],{"class":74},[60,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109400,37279],{"class":66},[60,109402,123],{"class":74},[60,109404,27234],{"class":126},[60,109406,130],{"class":74},[60,109408,79],{"class":78},[60,109410,1604],{"class":82},[60,109412,79],{"class":78},[60,109414,136],{"class":74},[20,109416,40641,109417,109419],{},[15,109418,109073],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,109421,109422,109423,3894,109427,123],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[551,109424,109425],{"href":99181},[15,109426,103840],{},[551,109428,109430],{"href":109429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,109431,103831],{},[46,109433,109435],{"id":109434},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,109437,109438],{},"Here is a simple example:",[51,109440,109442],{"className":53,"code":109441,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,109443,109444,109478,109482,109498,109502,109521],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109445,109446,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109474,109476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109447,109448],{"class":66},"animals ",[60,109450,71],{"class":70},[60,109452,11488],{"class":74},[60,109454,79],{"class":78},[60,109456,38035],{"class":82},[60,109458,79],{"class":78},[60,109460,88],{"class":74},[60,109462,91],{"class":78},[60,109464,59107],{"class":82},[60,109466,79],{"class":78},[60,109468,88],{"class":74},[60,109470,91],{"class":78},[60,109472,109473],{"class":82},"rabbit",[60,109475,79],{"class":78},[60,109477,10306],{"class":74},[60,109479,109480],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109481,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109483,109484,109487,109489,109492,109494,109496],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109485,109486],{"class":66},"removed_animal ",[60,109488,71],{"class":70},[60,109490,109491],{"class":66}," animals",[60,109493,123],{"class":74},[60,109495,27234],{"class":126},[60,109497,9640],{"class":74},[60,109499,109500],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,109501,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109503,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109519],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,109505,143],{"class":142},[60,109507,130],{"class":74},[60,109509,79],{"class":78},[60,109511,29949],{"class":82},[60,109513,79],{"class":78},[60,109515,88],{"class":74},[60,109517,109518],{"class":126}," removed_animal",[60,109520,136],{"class":74},[60,109522,109523,109525,109527,109529,109532,109534,109536,109538],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,109524,143],{"class":142},[60,109526,130],{"class":74},[60,109528,79],{"class":78},[60,109530,109531],{"class":82},"Updated set:",[60,109533,79],{"class":78},[60,109535,88],{"class":74},[60,109537,109491],{"class":126},[60,109539,136],{"class":74},[20,109541,31023],{},[51,109543,109545],{"className":53,"code":109544,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,109546,109547,109556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109548,109549,109551,109553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109550,29991],{"class":66},[60,109552,3901],{"class":74},[60,109554,109555],{"class":66}," dog\n",[60,109557,109558,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109559,109560],{"class":66},"Updated ",[60,109562,7285],{"class":1527},[60,109564,3901],{"class":74},[60,109566,11488],{"class":74},[60,109568,356],{"class":78},[60,109570,38035],{"class":82},[60,109572,356],{"class":78},[60,109574,88],{"class":74},[60,109576,365],{"class":78},[60,109578,109473],{"class":82},[60,109580,356],{"class":78},[60,109582,10306],{"class":74},[20,109584,109585],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[46,109587,109589],{"id":109588},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,109591,30643,109592,109594,109595,123],{},[15,109593,13757],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,109596,20681],{},[20,109598,236],{},[51,109600,109602],{"className":53,"code":109601,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,109603,109604,109614],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109605,109606,109608,109610,109612],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109607,664],{"class":66},[60,109609,71],{"class":70},[60,109611,16627],{"class":1527},[60,109613,9640],{"class":74},[60,109615,109616,109618,109620,109622],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109617,716],{"class":66},[60,109619,123],{"class":74},[60,109621,27234],{"class":126},[60,109623,9640],{"class":74},[20,109625,109626],{},"This raises:",[51,109628,109630],{"className":53,"code":109629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,109631,109632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109633,109634,109636,109638,109640,109643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109635,20681],{"class":1527},[60,109637,3901],{"class":74},[60,109639,365],{"class":78},[60,109641,109642],{"class":82},"pop from an empty set",[60,109644,30693],{"class":78},[20,109646,109647,109648,109651],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[551,109649,109650],{"href":12070},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[415,109653,109655,109656],{"id":109654},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,109657,13757],{},[20,109659,109660],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[51,109662,109664],{"className":53,"code":109663,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,109665,109666,109676,109680,109688,109703,109722,109728],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109667,109668,109670,109672,109674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109669,664],{"class":66},[60,109671,71],{"class":70},[60,109673,16627],{"class":1527},[60,109675,9640],{"class":74},[60,109677,109678],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109679,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109681,109682,109684,109686],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109683,7996],{"class":2665},[60,109685,1989],{"class":66},[60,109687,7392],{"class":74},[60,109689,109690,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,109691,109692],{"class":66},"    removed ",[60,109694,71],{"class":70},[60,109696,1989],{"class":66},[60,109698,123],{"class":74},[60,109700,27234],{"class":126},[60,109702,9640],{"class":74},[60,109704,109705,109707,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109720],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,109706,9064],{"class":142},[60,109708,130],{"class":74},[60,109710,79],{"class":78},[60,109712,29949],{"class":82},[60,109714,79],{"class":78},[60,109716,88],{"class":74},[60,109718,109719],{"class":126}," removed",[60,109721,136],{"class":74},[60,109723,109724,109726],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,109725,28427],{"class":2665},[60,109727,7392],{"class":74},[60,109729,109730,109732,109734,109736,109739,109741],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,109731,9064],{"class":142},[60,109733,130],{"class":74},[60,109735,79],{"class":78},[60,109737,109738],{"class":82},"The set is empty.",[60,109740,79],{"class":78},[60,109742,136],{"class":74},[415,109744,171,109746,2360,109748],{"id":109745},"use-try-and-except",[15,109747,30797],{},[15,109749,30828],{},[20,109751,109752],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[51,109754,109756],{"className":53,"code":109755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,109757,109758,109768,109772,109778,109792,109810,109818],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109759,109760,109762,109764,109766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109761,664],{"class":66},[60,109763,71],{"class":70},[60,109765,16627],{"class":1527},[60,109767,9640],{"class":74},[60,109769,109770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109771,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,109773,109774,109776],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109775,30797],{"class":2665},[60,109777,7392],{"class":74},[60,109779,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,109781,109692],{"class":66},[60,109783,71],{"class":70},[60,109785,1989],{"class":66},[60,109787,123],{"class":74},[60,109789,27234],{"class":126},[60,109791,9640],{"class":74},[60,109793,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,109795,9064],{"class":142},[60,109797,130],{"class":74},[60,109799,79],{"class":78},[60,109801,29949],{"class":82},[60,109803,79],{"class":78},[60,109805,88],{"class":74},[60,109807,109719],{"class":126},[60,109809,136],{"class":74},[60,109811,109812,109814,109816],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,109813,30828],{"class":2665},[60,109815,30831],{"class":1527},[60,109817,7392],{"class":74},[60,109819,109820,109822,109824,109826,109829,109831],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,109821,9064],{"class":142},[60,109823,130],{"class":74},[60,109825,79],{"class":78},[60,109827,109828],{"class":82},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[60,109830,79],{"class":78},[60,109832,136],{"class":74},[46,109834,5963,109836,11583,109838,11583,109840],{"id":109835},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,109837,13757],{},[15,109839,56509],{},[15,109841,103826],{},[20,109843,109844],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[415,109846,171,109848],{"id":109847},"use-pop",[15,109849,13757],{},[20,109851,171,109852,11598],{},[15,109853,13757],{},[33,109855,109856,109862,109865],{},[36,109857,109858,109859],{},"You want to remove ",[4753,109860,109861],{},"any one item",[36,109863,109864],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[36,109866,109867],{},"You want the removed item returned",[51,109869,109871],{"className":53,"code":109870,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109872,109873,109893,109907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109874,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109876,4629],{"class":66},[60,109878,71],{"class":70},[60,109880,11488],{"class":74},[60,109882,1432],{"class":1402},[60,109884,88],{"class":74},[60,109886,1437],{"class":1402},[60,109888,88],{"class":74},[60,109890,1442],{"class":1402},[60,109892,10306],{"class":74},[60,109894,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109896,3462],{"class":66},[60,109898,71],{"class":70},[60,109900,5264],{"class":66},[60,109902,123],{"class":74},[60,109904,27234],{"class":126},[60,109906,9640],{"class":74},[60,109908,109909,109911,109913,109915],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109910,143],{"class":142},[60,109912,130],{"class":74},[60,109914,3487],{"class":126},[60,109916,136],{"class":74},[415,109918,171,109920],{"id":109919},"use-remove",[15,109921,56509],{},[20,109923,171,109924,11598],{},[15,109925,56509],{},[33,109927,109928,109934],{},[36,109929,109930,109931],{},"You want to delete a ",[4753,109932,109933],{},"specific item",[36,109935,109936],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[51,109938,109940],{"className":53,"code":109939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109941,109942,109962,109976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,109943,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,109945,4629],{"class":66},[60,109947,71],{"class":70},[60,109949,11488],{"class":74},[60,109951,1432],{"class":1402},[60,109953,88],{"class":74},[60,109955,1437],{"class":1402},[60,109957,88],{"class":74},[60,109959,1442],{"class":1402},[60,109961,10306],{"class":74},[60,109963,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,109965,4659],{"class":66},[60,109967,123],{"class":74},[60,109969,35788],{"class":126},[60,109971,130],{"class":74},[60,109973,1925],{"class":1402},[60,109975,136],{"class":74},[60,109977,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,109979,143],{"class":142},[60,109981,130],{"class":74},[60,109983,4659],{"class":126},[60,109985,136],{"class":74},[20,109987,109988,109989,109991,109992,109996],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109990,56509],{}," raises an error. See the ",[551,109993,109994,2887],{"href":99181},[15,109995,103840],{}," for details.",[415,109998,171,110000],{"id":109999},"use-discard",[15,110001,103826],{},[20,110003,171,110004,11598],{},[15,110005,103826],{},[33,110007,110008,110012],{},[36,110009,109930,110010],{},[4753,110011,109933],{},[36,110013,110014,110015,110017],{},"You do ",[4753,110016,5632],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[51,110019,110021],{"className":53,"code":110020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,110022,110023,110043,110057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110024,110025,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110026,4629],{"class":66},[60,110028,71],{"class":70},[60,110030,11488],{"class":74},[60,110032,1432],{"class":1402},[60,110034,88],{"class":74},[60,110036,1437],{"class":1402},[60,110038,88],{"class":74},[60,110040,1442],{"class":1402},[60,110042,10306],{"class":74},[60,110044,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110046,4659],{"class":66},[60,110048,123],{"class":74},[60,110050,103893],{"class":126},[60,110052,130],{"class":74},[60,110054,3154],{"class":1402},[60,110056,136],{"class":74},[60,110058,110059,110061,110063,110065],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110060,143],{"class":142},[60,110062,130],{"class":74},[60,110064,4659],{"class":126},[60,110066,136],{"class":74},[20,110068,110069,110070,110072,110073,110077],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,110071,3154],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[551,110074,110075,2887],{"href":109429},[15,110076,103831],{}," for more examples.",[46,110079,3845],{"id":3844},[20,110081,72455,110082,3901],{},[15,110083,109073],{},[33,110085,110086,110092,110097,110102],{},[36,110087,110088,110089],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,110090,110091],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[36,110093,9449,110094,110096],{},[15,110095,13757],{}," to remove the first or last item",[36,110098,30643,110099,110101],{},[15,110100,13757],{}," on an empty set",[36,110103,9413,110104,110106],{},[15,110105,13757],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,110108,63271],{},[51,110110,110112],{"className":53,"code":110111,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,110113,110114,110124,110138,110152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110115,110116,110118,110120,110122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110117,143],{"class":142},[60,110119,130],{"class":74},[60,110121,16660],{"class":126},[60,110123,136],{"class":74},[60,110125,110126,110128,110130,110132,110134,110136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110127,143],{"class":142},[60,110129,130],{"class":74},[60,110131,12157],{"class":142},[60,110133,130],{"class":74},[60,110135,16660],{"class":126},[60,110137,1042],{"class":74},[60,110139,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110141,143],{"class":142},[60,110143,130],{"class":74},[60,110145,2629],{"class":1527},[60,110147,130],{"class":74},[60,110149,16660],{"class":126},[60,110151,1042],{"class":74},[60,110153,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,110155,29531],{"class":66},[60,110157,71],{"class":70},[60,110159,97897],{"class":66},[60,110161,123],{"class":74},[60,110163,27234],{"class":126},[60,110165,9640],{"class":74},[20,110167,27001],{},[33,110169,110170,110173,110176,110179],{},[36,110171,110172],{},"What values are in the set",[36,110174,110175],{},"Whether the set is empty",[36,110177,110178],{},"That the object is really a set",[36,110180,110181],{},"What value was actually removed",[46,110183,2804],{"id":2803},[415,110185,2808,110187,110189],{"id":110186},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,110188,109073],{}," remove the first item?",[20,110191,110192,110193,110195],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,110194,13757],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[415,110197,110199,110200,2863],{"id":110198},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,110201,109073],{},[20,110203,110204,110205,110207,110208,110210],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,110206,13757],{},", set ",[15,110209,13757],{}," does not accept an index.",[415,110212,110214],{"id":110213},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,110216,72624,110217,45611,110219,110221],{},[15,110218,20681],{},[15,110220,13757],{}," is called on an empty set.",[415,110223,110225],{"id":110224},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,110227,171,110228,3894,110230,2600,110232,123],{},[15,110229,56509],{},[15,110231,103826],{},[15,110233,13757],{},[46,110235,2870],{"id":2869},[33,110237,110238,110242,110248,110254,110258],{},[36,110239,110240],{},[551,110241,97301],{"href":98471},[36,110243,110244],{},[551,110245,97787,110246,2887],{"href":99181},[15,110247,56509],{},[36,110249,110250],{},[551,110251,97787,110252,2887],{"href":109429},[15,110253,103826],{},[36,110255,110256],{},[551,110257,12258],{"href":12070},[36,110259,110260],{},[551,110261,56495],{"href":56047},[2912,110263,110264],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":110266},[110267,110268,110270,110271,110272,110273,110279,110288,110289,110297],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":109193,"depth":111,"text":110269},"What set.pop() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":109331,"depth":111,"text":109332},{"id":109434,"depth":111,"text":109435},{"id":109588,"depth":111,"text":109589,"children":110274},[110275,110277],{"id":109654,"depth":139,"text":110276},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":109745,"depth":139,"text":110278},"Use try and except",{"id":109835,"depth":111,"text":110280,"children":110281},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[110282,110284,110286],{"id":109847,"depth":139,"text":110283},"Use pop()",{"id":109919,"depth":139,"text":110285},"Use remove()",{"id":109999,"depth":139,"text":110287},"Use discard()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":110290},[110291,110293,110295,110296],{"id":110186,"depth":139,"text":110292},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":110198,"depth":139,"text":110294},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":110213,"depth":139,"text":110214},{"id":110224,"depth":139,"text":110225},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":109061,"description":110298},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":110305,"title":110306,"body":110307,"description":111461,"extension":2980,"meta":111462,"navigation":304,"path":111463,"seo":111464,"stem":111465,"__hash__":111466},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":110308,"toc":111429},[110309,110314,110319,110328,110330,110395,110399,110423,110430,110435,110439,110454,110457,110459,110478,110492,110495,110543,110547,110563,110565,110638,110642,110667,110673,110681,110685,110692,110747,110752,110769,110775,110781,110786,110794,110801,110805,110813,110868,110870,110887,110891,110898,110963,110967,111000,111002,111014,111021,111023,111028,111035,111037,111106,111110,111118,111120,111184,111188,111193,111240,111245,111313,111321,111328,111331,111337,111342,111346,111348,111351,111353,111358,111363,111369,111374,111381,111389,111395,111398,111400,111426],[10,110310,97173,110312,18],{"id":110311},"python-set-remove-method",[15,110313,56509],{},[20,110315,110316,110318],{},[15,110317,103840],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,110320,110321,110322,110325,110326,123],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[4753,110323,110324],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,110327,20681],{},[46,110329,3022],{"id":3021},[51,110331,110333],{"className":53,"code":110332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,110334,110335,110367,110385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110336,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110338,1070],{"class":66},[60,110340,71],{"class":70},[60,110342,11488],{"class":74},[60,110344,79],{"class":78},[60,110346,254],{"class":82},[60,110348,79],{"class":78},[60,110350,88],{"class":74},[60,110352,91],{"class":78},[60,110354,272],{"class":82},[60,110356,79],{"class":78},[60,110358,88],{"class":74},[60,110360,91],{"class":78},[60,110362,263],{"class":82},[60,110364,79],{"class":78},[60,110366,10306],{"class":74},[60,110368,110369,110371,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110370,1119],{"class":66},[60,110372,123],{"class":74},[60,110374,35788],{"class":126},[60,110376,130],{"class":74},[60,110378,79],{"class":78},[60,110380,272],{"class":82},[60,110382,79],{"class":78},[60,110384,136],{"class":74},[60,110386,110387,110389,110391,110393],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110388,143],{"class":142},[60,110390,130],{"class":74},[60,110392,1119],{"class":126},[60,110394,136],{"class":74},[20,110396,110397],{},[4753,110398,31023],{},[51,110400,110401],{"className":53,"code":104520,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,110402,110403],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110404,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110406,10275],{"class":74},[60,110408,356],{"class":78},[60,110410,254],{"class":82},[60,110412,356],{"class":78},[60,110414,88],{"class":74},[60,110416,365],{"class":78},[60,110418,263],{"class":82},[60,110420,356],{"class":78},[60,110422,10306],{"class":74},[20,110424,171,110425,110427,110428,123],{},[15,110426,56509],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,110429,20681],{},[46,110431,178,110433,181],{"id":110432},"what-setremove-does",[15,110434,103840],{},[20,110436,110437,3901],{},[15,110438,103840],{},[33,110440,110441,110444,110446,110448],{},[36,110442,110443],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[36,110445,97288],{},[36,110447,97291],{},[36,110449,110450,110451,110453],{},"Raises ",[15,110452,20681],{}," if the value is missing",[20,110455,110456],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[46,110458,389],{"id":388},[51,110460,110462],{"className":53,"code":110461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,110463,110464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110465,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110467,16660],{"class":66},[60,110469,123],{"class":74},[60,110471,35788],{"class":126},[60,110473,130],{"class":74},[60,110475,3487],{"class":126},[60,110477,136],{"class":74},[33,110479,110480,110484,110489],{},[36,110481,110482,104062],{},[15,110483,16660],{},[36,110485,110486,110488],{},[15,110487,3487],{}," is the item to remove",[36,110490,110491],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,110493,110494],{},"Here is a small example:",[51,110496,110497],{"className":53,"code":109939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,110498,110499,110519,110533],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110500,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110502,4629],{"class":66},[60,110504,71],{"class":70},[60,110506,11488],{"class":74},[60,110508,1432],{"class":1402},[60,110510,88],{"class":74},[60,110512,1437],{"class":1402},[60,110514,88],{"class":74},[60,110516,1442],{"class":1402},[60,110518,10306],{"class":74},[60,110520,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110522,4659],{"class":66},[60,110524,123],{"class":74},[60,110526,35788],{"class":126},[60,110528,130],{"class":74},[60,110530,1925],{"class":1402},[60,110532,136],{"class":74},[60,110534,110535,110537,110539,110541],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110536,143],{"class":142},[60,110538,130],{"class":74},[60,110540,4659],{"class":126},[60,110542,136],{"class":74},[20,110544,110545],{},[4753,110546,31023],{},[51,110548,110549],{"className":53,"code":102270,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,110550,110551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110552,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110554,10275],{"class":74},[60,110556,1432],{"class":1402},[60,110558,88],{"class":74},[60,110560,1442],{"class":1402},[60,110562,10306],{"class":74},[46,110564,12470],{"id":12469},[51,110566,110568],{"className":53,"code":110567,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,110569,110570,110602,110606,110624,110628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110571,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110573,37227],{"class":66},[60,110575,71],{"class":70},[60,110577,11488],{"class":74},[60,110579,79],{"class":78},[60,110581,1604],{"class":82},[60,110583,79],{"class":78},[60,110585,88],{"class":74},[60,110587,91],{"class":78},[60,110589,1619],{"class":82},[60,110591,79],{"class":78},[60,110593,88],{"class":74},[60,110595,91],{"class":78},[60,110597,34214],{"class":82},[60,110599,79],{"class":78},[60,110601,10306],{"class":74},[60,110603,110604],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110605,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,110607,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110609,37279],{"class":66},[60,110611,123],{"class":74},[60,110613,35788],{"class":126},[60,110615,130],{"class":74},[60,110617,79],{"class":78},[60,110619,1619],{"class":82},[60,110621,79],{"class":78},[60,110623,136],{"class":74},[60,110625,110626],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,110627,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,110629,110630,110632,110634,110636],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,110631,143],{"class":142},[60,110633,130],{"class":74},[60,110635,37279],{"class":126},[60,110637,136],{"class":74},[20,110639,110640],{},[4753,110641,31023],{},[51,110643,110645],{"className":53,"code":110644,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,110646,110647],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110648,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110650,10275],{"class":74},[60,110652,356],{"class":78},[60,110654,1604],{"class":82},[60,110656,356],{"class":78},[60,110658,88],{"class":74},[60,110660,365],{"class":78},[60,110662,34214],{"class":82},[60,110664,356],{"class":78},[60,110666,10306],{"class":74},[20,110668,110669,110670,110672],{},"This removes ",[15,110671,66249],{}," from the set.",[20,110674,110675,110676,110678,110679,123],{},"A set does ",[4753,110677,5632],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[551,110680,97305],{"href":98855},[46,110682,110684],{"id":110683},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,110686,110687,110688,53474,110690,123],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,110689,56509],{},[15,110691,20681],{},[51,110693,110695],{"className":53,"code":110694,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,110696,110697,110729],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110698,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110700,1070],{"class":66},[60,110702,71],{"class":70},[60,110704,11488],{"class":74},[60,110706,79],{"class":78},[60,110708,254],{"class":82},[60,110710,79],{"class":78},[60,110712,88],{"class":74},[60,110714,91],{"class":78},[60,110716,272],{"class":82},[60,110718,79],{"class":78},[60,110720,88],{"class":74},[60,110722,91],{"class":78},[60,110724,263],{"class":82},[60,110726,79],{"class":78},[60,110728,10306],{"class":74},[60,110730,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110732,1119],{"class":66},[60,110734,123],{"class":74},[60,110736,35788],{"class":126},[60,110738,130],{"class":74},[60,110740,79],{"class":78},[60,110742,23517],{"class":82},[60,110744,79],{"class":78},[60,110746,136],{"class":74},[20,110748,110749],{},[4753,110750,110751],{},"Result:",[51,110753,110755],{"className":53,"code":110754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,110756,110757],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110758,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110760,20681],{"class":1527},[60,110762,3901],{"class":74},[60,110764,365],{"class":78},[60,110766,23517],{"class":82},[60,110768,30693],{"class":78},[20,110770,23184,110771,110774],{},[15,110772,110773],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,110776,110777,110778,110780],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,110779,56509],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,110782,110783,110784,123],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[551,110785,12258],{"href":12070},[46,110787,5199,110789,110791,110792],{"id":110788},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,110790,56509],{}," is different from ",[15,110793,103826],{},[20,110795,110796,2360,110798,110800],{},[15,110797,56509],{},[15,110799,103826],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[415,110802,110803],{"id":35788},[15,110804,56509],{},[33,110806,110807,110810],{},[36,110808,110809],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[36,110811,110812],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[51,110814,110816],{"className":53,"code":110815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,110817,110818,110850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110819,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110821,767],{"class":66},[60,110823,71],{"class":70},[60,110825,11488],{"class":74},[60,110827,79],{"class":78},[60,110829,551],{"class":82},[60,110831,79],{"class":78},[60,110833,88],{"class":74},[60,110835,91],{"class":78},[60,110837,2258],{"class":82},[60,110839,79],{"class":78},[60,110841,88],{"class":74},[60,110843,91],{"class":78},[60,110845,1895],{"class":82},[60,110847,79],{"class":78},[60,110849,10306],{"class":74},[60,110851,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110853,843],{"class":66},[60,110855,123],{"class":74},[60,110857,35788],{"class":126},[60,110859,130],{"class":74},[60,110861,79],{"class":78},[60,110863,19761],{"class":82},[60,110865,79],{"class":78},[60,110867,136],{"class":74},[20,110869,109626],{},[51,110871,110873],{"className":53,"code":110872,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110874,110875],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110876,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110878,20681],{"class":1527},[60,110880,3901],{"class":74},[60,110882,365],{"class":78},[60,110884,19761],{"class":82},[60,110886,30693],{"class":78},[415,110888,110889],{"id":103893},[15,110890,103826],{},[33,110892,110893,110895],{},[36,110894,110809],{},[36,110896,110897],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[51,110899,110901],{"className":53,"code":110900,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110902,110903,110935,110953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110904,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110906,767],{"class":66},[60,110908,71],{"class":70},[60,110910,11488],{"class":74},[60,110912,79],{"class":78},[60,110914,551],{"class":82},[60,110916,79],{"class":78},[60,110918,88],{"class":74},[60,110920,91],{"class":78},[60,110922,2258],{"class":82},[60,110924,79],{"class":78},[60,110926,88],{"class":74},[60,110928,91],{"class":78},[60,110930,1895],{"class":82},[60,110932,79],{"class":78},[60,110934,10306],{"class":74},[60,110936,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,110938,843],{"class":66},[60,110940,123],{"class":74},[60,110942,103893],{"class":126},[60,110944,130],{"class":74},[60,110946,79],{"class":78},[60,110948,19761],{"class":82},[60,110950,79],{"class":78},[60,110952,136],{"class":74},[60,110954,110955,110957,110959,110961],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,110956,143],{"class":142},[60,110958,130],{"class":74},[60,110960,843],{"class":126},[60,110962,136],{"class":74},[20,110964,110965],{},[4753,110966,153],{},[51,110968,110970],{"className":53,"code":110969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110971,110972],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,110973,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,110975,10275],{"class":74},[60,110977,356],{"class":78},[60,110979,551],{"class":82},[60,110981,356],{"class":78},[60,110983,88],{"class":74},[60,110985,365],{"class":78},[60,110987,2258],{"class":82},[60,110989,356],{"class":78},[60,110991,88],{"class":74},[60,110993,365],{"class":78},[60,110995,1895],{"class":82},[60,110997,356],{"class":78},[60,110999,10306],{"class":74},[20,111001,19688],{},[33,111003,111004,111009],{},[36,111005,111006,111008],{},[15,111007,56509],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[36,111010,111011,111013],{},[15,111012,103826],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,111015,111016,111017,123],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[551,111018,97787,111019,2887],{"href":109429},[15,111020,103826],{},[46,111022,5520],{"id":5519},[415,111024,9449,111026,98167],{"id":111025},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,111027,56509],{},[20,111029,111030,111032,111033,123],{},[15,111031,56509],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,111034,1585],{},[20,111036,17637],{},[51,111038,111040],{"className":53,"code":111039,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,111041,111042,111074,111096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111043,111044,111046,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111045,1070],{"class":66},[60,111047,71],{"class":70},[60,111049,11488],{"class":74},[60,111051,79],{"class":78},[60,111053,254],{"class":82},[60,111055,79],{"class":78},[60,111057,88],{"class":74},[60,111059,91],{"class":78},[60,111061,272],{"class":82},[60,111063,79],{"class":78},[60,111065,88],{"class":74},[60,111067,91],{"class":78},[60,111069,263],{"class":82},[60,111071,79],{"class":78},[60,111073,10306],{"class":74},[60,111075,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111077,14110],{"class":66},[60,111079,71],{"class":70},[60,111081,14115],{"class":66},[60,111083,123],{"class":74},[60,111085,35788],{"class":126},[60,111087,130],{"class":74},[60,111089,79],{"class":78},[60,111091,272],{"class":82},[60,111093,79],{"class":78},[60,111095,136],{"class":74},[60,111097,111098,111100,111102,111104],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111099,143],{"class":142},[60,111101,130],{"class":74},[60,111103,14134],{"class":126},[60,111105,136],{"class":74},[20,111107,111108],{},[4753,111109,153],{},[51,111111,111112],{"className":53,"code":12803,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,111113,111114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111115,111116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111117,12803],{"class":1611},[20,111119,17649],{},[51,111121,111122],{"className":53,"code":110332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,111123,111124,111156,111174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111125,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111127,1070],{"class":66},[60,111129,71],{"class":70},[60,111131,11488],{"class":74},[60,111133,79],{"class":78},[60,111135,254],{"class":82},[60,111137,79],{"class":78},[60,111139,88],{"class":74},[60,111141,91],{"class":78},[60,111143,272],{"class":82},[60,111145,79],{"class":78},[60,111147,88],{"class":74},[60,111149,91],{"class":78},[60,111151,263],{"class":82},[60,111153,79],{"class":78},[60,111155,10306],{"class":74},[60,111157,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111159,1119],{"class":66},[60,111161,123],{"class":74},[60,111163,35788],{"class":126},[60,111165,130],{"class":74},[60,111167,79],{"class":78},[60,111169,272],{"class":82},[60,111171,79],{"class":78},[60,111173,136],{"class":74},[60,111175,111176,111178,111180,111182],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111177,143],{"class":142},[60,111179,130],{"class":74},[60,111181,1119],{"class":126},[60,111183,136],{"class":74},[415,111185,111187],{"id":111186},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,111189,111190,111191,123],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,111192,20681],{},[51,111194,111196],{"className":53,"code":111195,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,111197,111198,111222],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111199,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111201,1070],{"class":66},[60,111203,71],{"class":70},[60,111205,11488],{"class":74},[60,111207,79],{"class":78},[60,111209,254],{"class":82},[60,111211,79],{"class":78},[60,111213,88],{"class":74},[60,111215,91],{"class":78},[60,111217,272],{"class":82},[60,111219,79],{"class":78},[60,111221,10306],{"class":74},[60,111223,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111225,1119],{"class":66},[60,111227,123],{"class":74},[60,111229,35788],{"class":126},[60,111231,130],{"class":74},[60,111233,79],{"class":78},[60,111235,263],{"class":82},[60,111237,79],{"class":78},[60,111239,136],{"class":74},[20,111241,111242,111243,3901],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,111244,2672],{},[51,111246,111248],{"className":53,"code":111247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,111249,111250,111274,111278,111294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111251,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111253,1070],{"class":66},[60,111255,71],{"class":70},[60,111257,11488],{"class":74},[60,111259,79],{"class":78},[60,111261,254],{"class":82},[60,111263,79],{"class":78},[60,111265,88],{"class":74},[60,111267,91],{"class":78},[60,111269,272],{"class":82},[60,111271,79],{"class":78},[60,111273,10306],{"class":74},[60,111275,111276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111277,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,111279,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111281,7996],{"class":2665},[60,111283,91],{"class":78},[60,111285,263],{"class":82},[60,111287,79],{"class":78},[60,111289,22168],{"class":70},[60,111291,14115],{"class":66},[60,111293,7392],{"class":74},[60,111295,111296,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,111297,111298],{"class":66},"    colors",[60,111300,123],{"class":74},[60,111302,35788],{"class":126},[60,111304,130],{"class":74},[60,111306,79],{"class":78},[60,111308,263],{"class":82},[60,111310,79],{"class":78},[60,111312,136],{"class":74},[20,111314,111315,111316,111320],{},"Or use ",[551,111317,111318],{"href":109429},[15,111319,103826],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[415,111322,38192,111324,9702,111326],{"id":111323},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,111325,103840],{},[15,111327,56055],{},[20,111329,111330],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,111332,111333,111334,111336],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,111335,103840],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,111338,111339,111340,123],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[551,111341,100050],{"href":100049},[415,111343,111345],{"id":111344},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,111347,109335],{},[20,111349,111350],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[46,111352,2804],{"id":2803},[415,111354,2808,111356,98266],{"id":111355},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,111357,103840],{},[20,111359,111360,111361,123],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,111362,1585],{},[415,111364,31281,111366,111368],{"id":111365},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,111367,103840],{}," raise?",[20,111370,31287,111371,111373],{},[15,111372,20681],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[415,111375,22415,111377,3894,111379,2863],{"id":111376},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,111378,56509],{},[15,111380,103826],{},[20,111382,171,111383,111385,111386,111388],{},[15,111384,56509],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,111387,103826],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[415,111390,6170,111392,111394],{"id":111391},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,111393,103840],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,111396,111397],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[46,111399,2870],{"id":2869},[33,111401,111402,111408,111414,111418,111422],{},[36,111403,111404],{},[551,111405,97787,111406,2887],{"href":109429},[15,111407,103826],{},[36,111409,111410],{},[551,111411,97787,111412,2887],{"href":99186},[15,111413,13757],{},[36,111415,111416],{},[551,111417,98311],{"href":98855},[36,111419,111420],{},[551,111421,101316],{"href":100049},[36,111423,111424],{},[551,111425,12258],{"href":12070},[2912,111427,111428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":111430},[111431,111432,111434,111435,111436,111437,111442,111450,111460],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":110432,"depth":111,"text":111433},"What set.remove() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":110683,"depth":111,"text":110684},{"id":110788,"depth":111,"text":111438,"children":111439},"How remove() is different from discard()",[111440,111441],{"id":35788,"depth":139,"text":56509},{"id":103893,"depth":139,"text":103826},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":111443},[111444,111446,111447,111449],{"id":111025,"depth":139,"text":111445},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":111186,"depth":139,"text":111187},{"id":111323,"depth":139,"text":111448},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":111344,"depth":139,"text":111345},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":111451},[111452,111454,111456,111458],{"id":111355,"depth":139,"text":111453},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":111365,"depth":139,"text":111455},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":111376,"depth":139,"text":111457},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":111391,"depth":139,"text":111459},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":110306,"description":111461},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":111468,"title":111469,"body":111470,"description":112843,"extension":2980,"meta":112844,"navigation":304,"path":112845,"seo":112846,"stem":112847,"__hash__":112848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":111471,"toc":112818},[111472,111478,111484,111487,111490,111504,111506,111587,111590,111595,111599,111613,111620,111622,111641,111644,111662,111664,111744,111746,111771,111775,111778,111786,111791,111796,111798,111811,111816,111819,111843,111846,111854,111856,111859,111956,111958,111991,111993,112019,112026,112029,112033,112041,112045,112053,112055,112145,112147,112161,112168,112173,112178,112180,112271,112273,112285,112287,112301,112307,112315,112317,112399,112401,112446,112449,112457,112460,112462,112466,112509,112511,112531,112536,112538,112623,112625,112630,112632,112639,112647,112653,112656,112658,112744,112746,112770,112774,112777,112779,112806,112816],[10,111473,97173,111475,18],{"id":111474},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,111476,111477],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,111479,111480,111483],{},[15,111481,111482],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,111485,111486],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,111488,111489],{},"Use it when:",[33,111491,111492,111495,111501],{},[36,111493,111494],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[36,111496,111497,111498,111500],{},"you do ",[4753,111499,5632],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[36,111502,111503],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[46,111505,49],{"id":48},[51,111507,111509],{"className":53,"code":111508,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111510,111511,111531,111551,111555,111574],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111512,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111514,3569],{"class":66},[60,111516,71],{"class":70},[60,111518,11488],{"class":74},[60,111520,1432],{"class":1402},[60,111522,88],{"class":74},[60,111524,1437],{"class":1402},[60,111526,88],{"class":74},[60,111528,1442],{"class":1402},[60,111530,10306],{"class":74},[60,111532,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545,111547,111549],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111534,3596],{"class":66},[60,111536,71],{"class":70},[60,111538,11488],{"class":74},[60,111540,3079],{"class":1402},[60,111542,88],{"class":74},[60,111544,3471],{"class":1402},[60,111546,88],{"class":74},[60,111548,5606],{"class":1402},[60,111550,10306],{"class":74},[60,111552,111553],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111554,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,111556,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111568,111570,111572],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,111558,114],{"class":66},[60,111560,71],{"class":70},[60,111562,57868],{"class":66},[60,111564,123],{"class":74},[60,111566,111567],{"class":126},"symmetric_difference",[60,111569,130],{"class":74},[60,111571,2258],{"class":126},[60,111573,136],{"class":74},[60,111575,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,111577,143],{"class":142},[60,111579,130],{"class":74},[60,111581,148],{"class":126},[60,111583,2662],{"class":74},[60,111585,111586],{"class":4674},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,111588,111589],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[46,111591,178,111593,181],{"id":111592},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,111594,111477],{},[20,111596,111597,3901],{},[15,111598,111482],{},[33,111600,111601,111604,111607,111610],{},[36,111602,111603],{},"returns a new set",[36,111605,111606],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[36,111608,111609],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[36,111611,111612],{},"does not change the original set",[20,111614,97297,111615,3894,111617,123],{},[551,111616,97301],{"href":97300},[551,111618,111619],{"href":97304},"creating a set in Python",[46,111621,389],{"id":388},[51,111623,111625],{"className":53,"code":111624,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,111626,111627],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111628,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111630,101557],{"class":66},[60,111632,123],{"class":74},[60,111634,111567],{"class":126},[60,111636,130],{"class":74},[60,111638,101566],{"class":126},[60,111640,136],{"class":74},[20,111642,111643],{},"Notes:",[33,111645,111646,111651,111656,111659],{},[36,111647,111648,111650],{},[15,111649,101557],{}," must be a set",[36,111652,111653,111655],{},[15,111654,101566],{}," can be any iterable",[36,111657,111658],{},"the result is always a set",[36,111660,111661],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,111663,236],{},[51,111665,111667],{"className":53,"code":111666,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111668,111669,111690,111711,111715,111734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111670,111671,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111672,111673],{"class":66},"set1 ",[60,111675,71],{"class":70},[60,111677,11488],{"class":74},[60,111679,1432],{"class":1402},[60,111681,88],{"class":74},[60,111683,1437],{"class":1402},[60,111685,88],{"class":74},[60,111687,1442],{"class":1402},[60,111689,10306],{"class":74},[60,111691,111692,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111693,111694],{"class":66},"set2 ",[60,111696,71],{"class":70},[60,111698,11488],{"class":74},[60,111700,3079],{"class":1402},[60,111702,88],{"class":74},[60,111704,3471],{"class":1402},[60,111706,88],{"class":74},[60,111708,5606],{"class":1402},[60,111710,10306],{"class":74},[60,111712,111713],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111714,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,111716,111717,111719,111721,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,111718,114],{"class":66},[60,111720,71],{"class":70},[60,111722,111723],{"class":66}," set1",[60,111725,123],{"class":74},[60,111727,111567],{"class":126},[60,111729,130],{"class":74},[60,111731,101566],{"class":126},[60,111733,136],{"class":74},[60,111735,111736,111738,111740,111742],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,111737,143],{"class":142},[60,111739,130],{"class":74},[60,111741,148],{"class":126},[60,111743,136],{"class":74},[20,111745,153],{},[51,111747,111749],{"className":53,"code":111748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111750,111751],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111752,111753,111755,111757,111759,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111754,10275],{"class":74},[60,111756,1432],{"class":1402},[60,111758,88],{"class":74},[60,111760,1437],{"class":1402},[60,111762,88],{"class":74},[60,111764,3471],{"class":1402},[60,111766,88],{"class":74},[60,111768,5606],{"class":1402},[60,111770,10306],{"class":74},[46,111772,111774],{"id":111773},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,111776,111777],{},"The result includes:",[33,111779,111780,111783],{},[36,111781,111782],{},"items only in the first set",[36,111784,111785],{},"items only in the second set",[20,111787,111788,111789,12079],{},"The result does ",[4753,111790,5632],{},[33,111792,111793],{},[36,111794,111795],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,111797,6473],{},[33,111799,111800,111805],{},[36,111801,111802,111803],{},"first set: ",[15,111804,101254],{},[36,111806,111807,111808],{},"second set: ",[15,111809,111810],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,111812,5053,111813,111815],{},[15,111814,3079],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,111817,111818],{},"The output is:",[51,111820,111821],{"className":53,"code":111748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,111822,111823],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111824,111825,111827,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837,111839,111841],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111826,10275],{"class":74},[60,111828,1432],{"class":1402},[60,111830,88],{"class":74},[60,111832,1437],{"class":1402},[60,111834,88],{"class":74},[60,111836,3471],{"class":1402},[60,111838,88],{"class":74},[60,111840,5606],{"class":1402},[60,111842,10306],{"class":74},[20,111844,111845],{},"Also remember:",[33,111847,111848,111851],{},[36,111849,111850],{},"sets are unordered",[36,111852,111853],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[46,111855,12470],{"id":12469},[20,111857,111858],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[51,111860,111862],{"className":53,"code":111861,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111863,111864,111896,111920,111924,111942,111946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111865,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111867,107997],{"class":66},[60,111869,71],{"class":70},[60,111871,11488],{"class":74},[60,111873,79],{"class":78},[60,111875,254],{"class":82},[60,111877,79],{"class":78},[60,111879,88],{"class":74},[60,111881,91],{"class":78},[60,111883,272],{"class":82},[60,111885,79],{"class":78},[60,111887,88],{"class":74},[60,111889,91],{"class":78},[60,111891,263],{"class":82},[60,111893,79],{"class":78},[60,111895,10306],{"class":74},[60,111897,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,111899,108030],{"class":66},[60,111901,71],{"class":70},[60,111903,11488],{"class":74},[60,111905,79],{"class":78},[60,111907,263],{"class":82},[60,111909,79],{"class":78},[60,111911,88],{"class":74},[60,111913,91],{"class":78},[60,111915,23517],{"class":82},[60,111917,79],{"class":78},[60,111919,10306],{"class":74},[60,111921,111922],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,111923,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,111925,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,111927,114],{"class":66},[60,111929,71],{"class":70},[60,111931,108072],{"class":66},[60,111933,123],{"class":74},[60,111935,111567],{"class":126},[60,111937,130],{"class":74},[60,111939,108081],{"class":126},[60,111941,136],{"class":74},[60,111943,111944],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,111945,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,111947,111948,111950,111952,111954],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,111949,143],{"class":142},[60,111951,130],{"class":74},[60,111953,148],{"class":126},[60,111955,136],{"class":74},[20,111957,153],{},[51,111959,111961],{"className":53,"code":111960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111962,111963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,111964,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,111966,10275],{"class":74},[60,111968,356],{"class":78},[60,111970,254],{"class":82},[60,111972,356],{"class":78},[60,111974,88],{"class":74},[60,111976,365],{"class":78},[60,111978,272],{"class":82},[60,111980,356],{"class":78},[60,111982,88],{"class":74},[60,111984,365],{"class":78},[60,111986,23517],{"class":82},[60,111988,356],{"class":78},[60,111990,10306],{"class":74},[20,111992,14401],{},[33,111994,111995,112000,112011],{},[36,111996,111997,111999],{},[15,111998,97466],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[36,112001,112002,2360,112004,112007,112008,112010],{},[15,112003,66367],{},[15,112005,112006],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,112009,108134],{},", so they stay",[36,112012,112013,112015,112016,112018],{},[15,112014,110773],{}," is only in ",[15,112017,108081],{},", so it stays",[46,112020,112022,11583,112024],{"id":112021},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,112023,111477],{},[15,112025,101386],{},[20,112027,112028],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,112030,112031,3901],{},[15,112032,101386],{},[33,112034,112035,112038],{},[36,112036,112037],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[36,112039,112040],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,112042,112043,3901],{},[15,112044,111477],{},[33,112046,112047,112050],{},[36,112048,112049],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[36,112051,112052],{},"removes shared items",[20,112054,236],{},[51,112056,112058],{"className":53,"code":112057,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,112059,112060,112080,112100,112104,112125],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112061,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112063,3569],{"class":66},[60,112065,71],{"class":70},[60,112067,11488],{"class":74},[60,112069,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112071,88],{"class":74},[60,112073,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112075,88],{"class":74},[60,112077,1442],{"class":1402},[60,112079,10306],{"class":74},[60,112081,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096,112098],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112083,3596],{"class":66},[60,112085,71],{"class":70},[60,112087,11488],{"class":74},[60,112089,3079],{"class":1402},[60,112091,88],{"class":74},[60,112093,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112095,88],{"class":74},[60,112097,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112099,10306],{"class":74},[60,112101,112102],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112103,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,112105,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112107,143],{"class":142},[60,112109,130],{"class":74},[60,112111,551],{"class":126},[60,112113,123],{"class":74},[60,112115,3826],{"class":126},[60,112117,130],{"class":74},[60,112119,2258],{"class":126},[60,112121,6362],{"class":74},[60,112123,112124],{"class":4674},"            # {1, 2}\n",[60,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137,112139,112141,112143],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112128,143],{"class":142},[60,112130,130],{"class":74},[60,112132,551],{"class":126},[60,112134,123],{"class":74},[60,112136,111567],{"class":126},[60,112138,130],{"class":74},[60,112140,2258],{"class":126},[60,112142,6362],{"class":74},[60,112144,111586],{"class":4674},[20,112146,19688],{},[33,112148,112149,112156],{},[36,112150,112151,112155],{},[551,112152,112153],{"href":103812},[15,112154,101386],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[36,112157,112158,112160],{},[15,112159,111477],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[46,112162,112164,11583,112166],{"id":112163},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,112165,111477],{},[15,112167,103771],{},[20,112169,112170,112172],{},[15,112171,103771],{}," combines both sets.",[20,112174,112175,112177],{},[15,112176,111477],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,112179,236],{},[51,112181,112183],{"className":53,"code":112182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,112184,112185,112205,112225,112229,112251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112186,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112188,3569],{"class":66},[60,112190,71],{"class":70},[60,112192,11488],{"class":74},[60,112194,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112196,88],{"class":74},[60,112198,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112200,88],{"class":74},[60,112202,1442],{"class":1402},[60,112204,10306],{"class":74},[60,112206,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112208,3596],{"class":66},[60,112210,71],{"class":70},[60,112212,11488],{"class":74},[60,112214,3079],{"class":1402},[60,112216,88],{"class":74},[60,112218,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112220,88],{"class":74},[60,112222,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112224,10306],{"class":74},[60,112226,112227],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112228,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112242,112244,112246,112248],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112232,143],{"class":142},[60,112234,130],{"class":74},[60,112236,551],{"class":126},[60,112238,123],{"class":74},[60,112240,112241],{"class":126},"union",[60,112243,130],{"class":74},[60,112245,2258],{"class":126},[60,112247,6362],{"class":74},[60,112249,112250],{"class":4674},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[60,112252,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112254,143],{"class":142},[60,112256,130],{"class":74},[60,112258,551],{"class":126},[60,112260,123],{"class":74},[60,112262,111567],{"class":126},[60,112264,130],{"class":74},[60,112266,2258],{"class":126},[60,112268,6362],{"class":74},[60,112270,111586],{"class":4674},[20,112272,28214],{},[33,112274,112275,112280],{},[36,112276,112277,112279],{},[15,112278,103771],{}," includes everything",[36,112281,112282,112284],{},[15,112283,111477],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,112286,19688],{},[33,112288,112289,112296],{},[36,112290,112291,112295],{},[551,112292,112293],{"href":108702},[15,112294,103771],{}," when overlap does not matter",[36,112297,112298,112300],{},[15,112299,111477],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[46,112302,37601,112304,102570],{"id":112303},"using-the-operator",[15,112305,112306],{},"^",[20,112308,112309,112310,112312,112313,123],{},"For sets, the ",[15,112311,112306],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,112314,111477],{},[20,112316,236],{},[51,112318,112320],{"className":53,"code":112319,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,112321,112322,112342,112362,112366,112384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112323,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112325,111673],{"class":66},[60,112327,71],{"class":70},[60,112329,11488],{"class":74},[60,112331,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112333,88],{"class":74},[60,112335,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112337,88],{"class":74},[60,112339,1442],{"class":1402},[60,112341,10306],{"class":74},[60,112343,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112345,111694],{"class":66},[60,112347,71],{"class":70},[60,112349,11488],{"class":74},[60,112351,3079],{"class":1402},[60,112353,88],{"class":74},[60,112355,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112357,88],{"class":74},[60,112359,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112361,10306],{"class":74},[60,112363,112364],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112365,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,112367,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112369,143],{"class":142},[60,112371,130],{"class":74},[60,112373,101557],{"class":126},[60,112375,123],{"class":74},[60,112377,111567],{"class":126},[60,112379,130],{"class":74},[60,112381,101566],{"class":126},[60,112383,1042],{"class":74},[60,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112397],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112387,143],{"class":142},[60,112389,130],{"class":74},[60,112391,111673],{"class":126},[60,112393,112306],{"class":70},[60,112395,112396],{"class":126}," set2",[60,112398,136],{"class":74},[20,112400,31023],{},[51,112402,112404],{"className":53,"code":112403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,112405,112406,112426],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112407,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112409,10275],{"class":74},[60,112411,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112413,88],{"class":74},[60,112415,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112417,88],{"class":74},[60,112419,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112421,88],{"class":74},[60,112423,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112425,10306],{"class":74},[60,112427,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112429,10275],{"class":74},[60,112431,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112433,88],{"class":74},[60,112435,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112437,88],{"class":74},[60,112439,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112441,88],{"class":74},[60,112443,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112445,10306],{"class":74},[20,112447,112448],{},"Both forms:",[33,112450,112451,112454],{},[36,112452,112453],{},"return a new set",[36,112455,112456],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,112458,112459],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[46,112461,5520],{"id":5519},[20,112463,22206,112464,3901],{},[15,112465,111477],{},[33,112467,112468,112476,112486,112501],{},[36,112469,112470,112473,112475],{},[4753,112471,112472],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10843,112474],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[36,112477,112478,112481,112483,112485],{},[4753,112479,112480],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10843,112482],{},[15,112484,111477],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[36,112487,112488,112493,112495,112497,112498,112500],{},[4753,112489,112490,112491],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,112492,101386],{},[10843,112494],{},[15,112496,101386],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,112499,111477],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[36,112502,112503,112506,112508],{},[4753,112504,112505],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10843,112507],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,112510,59842],{},[33,112512,112513,112522,112525,112528],{},[36,112514,51471,112515,45611,112517,112521],{},[15,112516,111477],{},[551,112518,112519],{"href":108702},[15,112520,103771],{}," is actually needed",[36,112523,112524],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[36,112526,112527],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[36,112529,112530],{},"being confused by output order",[20,112532,112533,112534,123],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[551,112535,100050],{"href":106315},[20,112537,63271],{},[51,112539,112541],{"className":53,"code":112540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,112542,112543,112553,112563,112581,112595,112609],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112544,112545,112547,112549,112551],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112546,143],{"class":142},[60,112548,130],{"class":74},[60,112550,101557],{"class":126},[60,112552,136],{"class":74},[60,112554,112555,112557,112559,112561],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112556,143],{"class":142},[60,112558,130],{"class":74},[60,112560,101566],{"class":126},[60,112562,136],{"class":74},[60,112564,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112566,143],{"class":142},[60,112568,130],{"class":74},[60,112570,101557],{"class":126},[60,112572,123],{"class":74},[60,112574,111567],{"class":126},[60,112576,130],{"class":74},[60,112578,101566],{"class":126},[60,112580,1042],{"class":74},[60,112582,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112584,143],{"class":142},[60,112586,130],{"class":74},[60,112588,111673],{"class":126},[60,112590,112306],{"class":70},[60,112592,112396],{"class":126},[60,112594,136],{"class":74},[60,112596,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112598,143],{"class":142},[60,112600,130],{"class":74},[60,112602,2629],{"class":1527},[60,112604,130],{"class":74},[60,112606,101557],{"class":126},[60,112608,1042],{"class":74},[60,112610,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,112612,143],{"class":142},[60,112614,130],{"class":74},[60,112616,2629],{"class":1527},[60,112618,130],{"class":74},[60,112620,101566],{"class":126},[60,112622,1042],{"class":74},[46,112624,2804],{"id":2803},[415,112626,2808,112628,103711],{"id":112627},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,112629,111477],{},[20,112631,103714],{},[415,112633,6180,112635,2360,112637,2863],{"id":112634},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,112636,111477],{},[15,112638,101386],{},[20,112640,112641,112643,112644,112646],{},[15,112642,101386],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,112645,111477],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[415,112648,2833,112650,112652],{"id":112649},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,112651,111477],{}," with lists?",[20,112654,112655],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,112657,236],{},[51,112659,112661],{"className":53,"code":112660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,112662,112663,112683,112703,112707,112734],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112664,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112666,81631],{"class":66},[60,112668,71],{"class":70},[60,112670,75],{"class":74},[60,112672,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112674,88],{"class":74},[60,112676,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112678,88],{"class":74},[60,112680,1442],{"class":1402},[60,112682,108],{"class":74},[60,112684,112685,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112686,81652],{"class":66},[60,112688,71],{"class":70},[60,112690,75],{"class":74},[60,112692,3079],{"class":1402},[60,112694,88],{"class":74},[60,112696,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112698,88],{"class":74},[60,112700,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112702,108],{"class":74},[60,112704,112705],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112706,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,112708,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112720,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112710,114],{"class":66},[60,112712,71],{"class":70},[60,112714,16627],{"class":1527},[60,112716,130],{"class":74},[60,112718,112719],{"class":126},"list1",[60,112721,9628],{"class":74},[60,112723,111567],{"class":126},[60,112725,130],{"class":74},[60,112727,7285],{"class":1527},[60,112729,130],{"class":74},[60,112731,81918],{"class":126},[60,112733,1042],{"class":74},[60,112735,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112737,143],{"class":142},[60,112739,130],{"class":74},[60,112741,148],{"class":126},[60,112743,136],{"class":74},[20,112745,153],{},[51,112747,112748],{"className":53,"code":111748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,112749,112750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112751,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112753,10275],{"class":74},[60,112755,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112757,88],{"class":74},[60,112759,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112761,88],{"class":74},[60,112763,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112765,88],{"class":74},[60,112767,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112769,10306],{"class":74},[415,112771,112773],{"id":112772},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,112775,112776],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[46,112778,2870],{"id":2869},[33,112780,112781,112785,112790,112796,112802],{},[36,112782,112783],{},[551,112784,97301],{"href":97300},[36,112786,112787],{},[551,112788,112789],{"href":97304},"Creating a set in Python",[36,112791,112792],{},[551,112793,97787,112794,2887],{"href":103812},[15,112795,101386],{},[36,112797,112798],{},[551,112799,97787,112800,2887],{"href":108702},[15,112801,103771],{},[36,112803,112804],{},[551,112805,101316],{"href":106315},[20,112807,112808,112809,287,112811,18066,112813,112815],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,112810,101386],{},[15,112812,103771],{},[15,112814,111477],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2912,112817,58221],{},{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":112819},[112820,112821,112823,112824,112825,112826,112828,112830,112832,112833,112842],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":111592,"depth":111,"text":112822},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":111773,"depth":111,"text":111774},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":112021,"depth":111,"text":112827},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":112163,"depth":111,"text":112829},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":112303,"depth":111,"text":112831},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":112834},[112835,112837,112839,112841],{"id":112627,"depth":139,"text":112836},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":112634,"depth":139,"text":112838},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":112649,"depth":139,"text":112840},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":112772,"depth":139,"text":112773},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":111469,"description":112843},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":112850,"title":112851,"body":112852,"description":114913,"extension":2980,"meta":114914,"navigation":304,"path":108702,"seo":114915,"stem":114916,"__hash__":114917},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112853,"toc":114872},[112854,112859,112864,112867,112880,112882,112964,112969,112974,112978,112990,112993,112997,112999,113026,113028,113039,113042,113111,113113,113119,113122,113132,113134,113223,113228,113230,113237,113240,113242,113245,113365,113367,113436,113439,113456,113461,113464,113580,113582,113611,113614,113620,113625,113629,113710,113712,113740,113745,113749,113844,113846,113887,113891,113894,113960,113962,114003,114009,114024,114031,114038,114042,114048,114134,114138,114146,114217,114222,114229,114231,114237,114239,114304,114306,114322,114327,114330,114399,114403,114406,114465,114468,114472,114525,114538,114541,114594,114598,114600,114631,114634,114639,114692,114696,114699,114720,114732,114734,114787,114789,114794,114796,114802,114805,114811,114816,114820,114823,114830,114839,114841,114869],[10,112855,163,112857,18],{"id":112856},"python-setunion-method",[15,112858,109015],{},[20,112860,112861,112863],{},[15,112862,109015],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112865,112866],{},"It is useful when you want:",[33,112868,112869,112872,112877],{},[36,112870,112871],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[36,112873,3569,112874,112876],{},[4753,112875,101741],{}," as the result",[36,112878,112879],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[46,112881,3022],{"id":3021},[51,112883,112885],{"className":53,"code":112884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112886,112887,112907,112927,112931,112949,112959],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,112888,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,112890,111673],{"class":66},[60,112892,71],{"class":70},[60,112894,11488],{"class":74},[60,112896,1432],{"class":1402},[60,112898,88],{"class":74},[60,112900,1437],{"class":1402},[60,112902,88],{"class":74},[60,112904,1442],{"class":1402},[60,112906,10306],{"class":74},[60,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,112910,111694],{"class":66},[60,112912,71],{"class":70},[60,112914,11488],{"class":74},[60,112916,3079],{"class":1402},[60,112918,88],{"class":74},[60,112920,3471],{"class":1402},[60,112922,88],{"class":74},[60,112924,5606],{"class":1402},[60,112926,10306],{"class":74},[60,112928,112929],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,112930,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,112932,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,112934,114],{"class":66},[60,112936,71],{"class":70},[60,112938,111723],{"class":66},[60,112940,123],{"class":74},[60,112942,112241],{"class":126},[60,112944,130],{"class":74},[60,112946,101566],{"class":126},[60,112948,136],{"class":74},[60,112950,112951,112953,112955,112957],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,112952,143],{"class":142},[60,112954,130],{"class":74},[60,112956,148],{"class":126},[60,112958,136],{"class":74},[60,112960,112961],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,112962,112963],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112965,112966,112968],{},[15,112967,103771],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[46,112970,178,112972,181],{"id":112971},"what-setunion-does",[15,112973,109015],{},[20,112975,112976,3901],{},[15,112977,109015],{},[33,112979,112980,112983,112986,112988],{},[36,112981,112982],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[36,112984,112985],{},"keeps only unique values",[36,112987,111603],{},[36,112989,111612],{},[20,112991,112992],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112994,97297,112995,123],{},[551,112996,97301],{"href":98471},[46,112998,389],{"id":388},[51,113000,113002],{"className":53,"code":113001,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,113003,113004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113005,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113007,101557],{"class":66},[60,113009,123],{"class":74},[60,113011,112241],{"class":126},[60,113013,130],{"class":74},[60,113015,101566],{"class":126},[60,113017,88],{"class":74},[60,113019,101593],{"class":126},[60,113021,88],{"class":74},[60,113023,35447],{"class":142},[60,113025,136],{"class":74},[20,113027,14046],{},[33,113029,113030,113033,113036],{},[36,113031,113032],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[36,113034,113035],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[36,113037,113038],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,113040,113041],{},"Example with two sets:",[51,113043,113045],{"className":53,"code":113044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113046,113047,113063,113079,113083,113101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113048,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113050,3569],{"class":66},[60,113052,71],{"class":70},[60,113054,11488],{"class":74},[60,113056,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113058,88],{"class":74},[60,113060,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113062,10306],{"class":74},[60,113064,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113066,3596],{"class":66},[60,113068,71],{"class":70},[60,113070,11488],{"class":74},[60,113072,1925],{"class":1402},[60,113074,88],{"class":74},[60,113076,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113078,10306],{"class":74},[60,113080,113081],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113082,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113084,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113086,114],{"class":66},[60,113088,71],{"class":70},[60,113090,57868],{"class":66},[60,113092,123],{"class":74},[60,113094,112241],{"class":126},[60,113096,130],{"class":74},[60,113098,2258],{"class":126},[60,113100,136],{"class":74},[60,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113104,143],{"class":142},[60,113106,130],{"class":74},[60,113108,148],{"class":126},[60,113110,136],{"class":74},[46,113112,22965],{"id":22964},[20,113114,113115,101738,113117,123],{},[15,113116,109015],{},[4753,113118,101741],{},[20,113120,113121],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[33,113123,113124,113127],{},[36,113125,113126],{},"the original set",[36,113128,113129,113130],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,113131,103771],{},[20,113133,236],{},[51,113135,113137],{"className":53,"code":113136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,113138,113139,113155,113171,113175,113193,113197,113210],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113140,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113142,3569],{"class":66},[60,113144,71],{"class":70},[60,113146,11488],{"class":74},[60,113148,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113150,88],{"class":74},[60,113152,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113154,10306],{"class":74},[60,113156,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113158,3596],{"class":66},[60,113160,71],{"class":70},[60,113162,11488],{"class":74},[60,113164,1925],{"class":1402},[60,113166,88],{"class":74},[60,113168,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113170,10306],{"class":74},[60,113172,113173],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113174,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113176,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113178,114],{"class":66},[60,113180,71],{"class":70},[60,113182,57868],{"class":66},[60,113184,123],{"class":74},[60,113186,112241],{"class":126},[60,113188,130],{"class":74},[60,113190,2258],{"class":126},[60,113192,136],{"class":74},[60,113194,113195],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113196,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,113200,143],{"class":142},[60,113202,130],{"class":74},[60,113204,148],{"class":126},[60,113206,2662],{"class":74},[60,113208,113209],{"class":4674},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[60,113211,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,113213,143],{"class":142},[60,113215,130],{"class":74},[60,113217,551],{"class":126},[60,113219,2662],{"class":74},[60,113221,113222],{"class":4674},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,113224,3301,113225,113227],{},[15,113226,551],{}," did not change.",[20,113229,111845],{},[33,113231,113232,113234],{},[36,113233,111850],{},[36,113235,113236],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,113238,113239],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[46,113241,12470],{"id":12469},[20,113243,113244],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[51,113246,113248],{"className":53,"code":113247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,113249,113250,113283,113316,113320,113340,113344,113354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113251,113252,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113253,113254],{"class":66},"fruits1 ",[60,113256,71],{"class":70},[60,113258,11488],{"class":74},[60,113260,79],{"class":78},[60,113262,1604],{"class":82},[60,113264,79],{"class":78},[60,113266,88],{"class":74},[60,113268,91],{"class":78},[60,113270,1619],{"class":82},[60,113272,79],{"class":78},[60,113274,88],{"class":74},[60,113276,91],{"class":78},[60,113278,34214],{"class":82},[60,113280,79],{"class":78},[60,113282,10306],{"class":74},[60,113284,113285,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113286,113287],{"class":66},"fruits2 ",[60,113289,71],{"class":70},[60,113291,11488],{"class":74},[60,113293,79],{"class":78},[60,113295,1619],{"class":82},[60,113297,79],{"class":78},[60,113299,88],{"class":74},[60,113301,91],{"class":78},[60,113303,23526],{"class":82},[60,113305,79],{"class":78},[60,113307,88],{"class":74},[60,113309,91],{"class":78},[60,113311,34214],{"class":82},[60,113313,79],{"class":78},[60,113315,10306],{"class":74},[60,113317,113318],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113319,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113321,113322,113324,113326,113329,113331,113333,113335,113338],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113323,114],{"class":66},[60,113325,71],{"class":70},[60,113327,113328],{"class":66}," fruits1",[60,113330,123],{"class":74},[60,113332,112241],{"class":126},[60,113334,130],{"class":74},[60,113336,113337],{"class":126},"fruits2",[60,113339,136],{"class":74},[60,113341,113342],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113343,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,113347,143],{"class":142},[60,113349,130],{"class":74},[60,113351,148],{"class":126},[60,113353,136],{"class":74},[60,113355,113356,113358,113360,113363],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,113357,143],{"class":142},[60,113359,130],{"class":74},[60,113361,113362],{"class":126},"fruits1",[60,113364,136],{"class":74},[20,113366,31023],{},[51,113368,113370],{"className":53,"code":113369,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,113371,113372,113408],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113373,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113375,10275],{"class":74},[60,113377,356],{"class":78},[60,113379,1619],{"class":82},[60,113381,356],{"class":78},[60,113383,88],{"class":74},[60,113385,365],{"class":78},[60,113387,34214],{"class":82},[60,113389,356],{"class":78},[60,113391,88],{"class":74},[60,113393,365],{"class":78},[60,113395,1604],{"class":82},[60,113397,356],{"class":78},[60,113399,88],{"class":74},[60,113401,365],{"class":78},[60,113403,23526],{"class":82},[60,113405,356],{"class":78},[60,113407,10306],{"class":74},[60,113409,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430,113432,113434],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113411,10275],{"class":74},[60,113413,356],{"class":78},[60,113415,1619],{"class":82},[60,113417,356],{"class":78},[60,113419,88],{"class":74},[60,113421,365],{"class":78},[60,113423,34214],{"class":82},[60,113425,356],{"class":78},[60,113427,88],{"class":74},[60,113429,365],{"class":78},[60,113431,1604],{"class":82},[60,113433,356],{"class":78},[60,113435,10306],{"class":74},[20,113437,113438],{},"What this shows:",[33,113440,113441,113448,113451],{},[36,113442,113443,2360,113445,113447],{},[15,113444,66249],{},[15,113446,66676],{}," appear in both sets",[36,113449,113450],{},"they appear only once in the result",[36,113452,113453,113455],{},[15,113454,113362],{}," stays unchanged",[46,113457,9413,113459,102130],{"id":113458},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,113460,103771],{},[20,113462,113463],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[51,113465,113467],{"className":53,"code":113466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113468,113469,113485,113501,113518,113535,113539,113566,113570],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113470,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113472,111673],{"class":66},[60,113474,71],{"class":70},[60,113476,11488],{"class":74},[60,113478,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113480,88],{"class":74},[60,113482,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113484,10306],{"class":74},[60,113486,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113488,111694],{"class":66},[60,113490,71],{"class":70},[60,113492,11488],{"class":74},[60,113494,1925],{"class":1402},[60,113496,88],{"class":74},[60,113498,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113500,10306],{"class":74},[60,113502,113503,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113504,113505],{"class":66},"set3 ",[60,113507,71],{"class":70},[60,113509,11488],{"class":74},[60,113511,3079],{"class":1402},[60,113513,88],{"class":74},[60,113515,3471],{"class":1402},[60,113517,10306],{"class":74},[60,113519,113520,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113521,113522],{"class":66},"set4 ",[60,113524,71],{"class":70},[60,113526,11488],{"class":74},[60,113528,3519],{"class":1402},[60,113530,88],{"class":74},[60,113532,5606],{"class":1402},[60,113534,10306],{"class":74},[60,113536,113537],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113538,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113540,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113564],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,113542,114],{"class":66},[60,113544,71],{"class":70},[60,113546,111723],{"class":66},[60,113548,123],{"class":74},[60,113550,112241],{"class":126},[60,113552,130],{"class":74},[60,113554,101566],{"class":126},[60,113556,88],{"class":74},[60,113558,101593],{"class":126},[60,113560,88],{"class":74},[60,113562,113563],{"class":126}," set4",[60,113565,136],{"class":74},[60,113567,113568],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,113569,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113571,113572,113574,113576,113578],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,113573,143],{"class":142},[60,113575,130],{"class":74},[60,113577,148],{"class":126},[60,113579,136],{"class":74},[20,113581,31023],{},[51,113583,113585],{"className":53,"code":113584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113586,113587],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113588,113589,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113590,10275],{"class":74},[60,113592,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113594,88],{"class":74},[60,113596,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113598,88],{"class":74},[60,113600,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113602,88],{"class":74},[60,113604,3471],{"class":1402},[60,113606,88],{"class":74},[60,113608,5606],{"class":1402},[60,113610,10306],{"class":74},[20,113612,113613],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[46,113615,9413,113617,113619],{"id":113616},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,113618,103771],{}," with other iterables",[20,113621,113622,113624],{},[15,113623,103771],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[415,113626,113628],{"id":113627},"with-a-list","With a list",[51,113630,113632],{"className":53,"code":113631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113633,113634,113654,113678,113682,113700],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113635,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113637,4629],{"class":66},[60,113639,71],{"class":70},[60,113641,11488],{"class":74},[60,113643,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113645,88],{"class":74},[60,113647,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113649,88],{"class":74},[60,113651,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113653,10306],{"class":74},[60,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674,113676],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113657,62024],{"class":66},[60,113659,71],{"class":70},[60,113661,75],{"class":74},[60,113663,3079],{"class":1402},[60,113665,88],{"class":74},[60,113667,3471],{"class":1402},[60,113669,88],{"class":74},[60,113671,5606],{"class":1402},[60,113673,88],{"class":74},[60,113675,5606],{"class":1402},[60,113677,108],{"class":74},[60,113679,113680],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113681,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113683,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113685,114],{"class":66},[60,113687,71],{"class":70},[60,113689,5264],{"class":66},[60,113691,123],{"class":74},[60,113693,112241],{"class":126},[60,113695,130],{"class":74},[60,113697,62053],{"class":126},[60,113699,136],{"class":74},[60,113701,113702,113704,113706,113708],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113703,143],{"class":142},[60,113705,130],{"class":74},[60,113707,148],{"class":126},[60,113709,136],{"class":74},[20,113711,31023],{},[51,113713,113714],{"className":53,"code":113584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,113715,113716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736,113738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113719,10275],{"class":74},[60,113721,1432],{"class":1402},[60,113723,88],{"class":74},[60,113725,1437],{"class":1402},[60,113727,88],{"class":74},[60,113729,1442],{"class":1402},[60,113731,88],{"class":74},[60,113733,3471],{"class":1402},[60,113735,88],{"class":74},[60,113737,5606],{"class":1402},[60,113739,10306],{"class":74},[20,113741,21972,113742,113744],{},[15,113743,3154],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[415,113746,113748],{"id":113747},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[51,113750,113752],{"className":53,"code":113751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,113753,113754,113778,113811,113815,113834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113755,113756,113758,113760,113762,113764,113766,113768,113770,113772,113774,113776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113757,767],{"class":66},[60,113759,71],{"class":70},[60,113761,11488],{"class":74},[60,113763,79],{"class":78},[60,113765,551],{"class":82},[60,113767,79],{"class":78},[60,113769,88],{"class":74},[60,113771,91],{"class":78},[60,113773,2258],{"class":82},[60,113775,79],{"class":78},[60,113777,10306],{"class":74},[60,113779,113780,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113781,113782],{"class":66},"more_letters ",[60,113784,71],{"class":70},[60,113786,1776],{"class":74},[60,113788,79],{"class":78},[60,113790,2258],{"class":82},[60,113792,79],{"class":78},[60,113794,88],{"class":74},[60,113796,91],{"class":78},[60,113798,1895],{"class":82},[60,113800,79],{"class":78},[60,113802,88],{"class":74},[60,113804,91],{"class":78},[60,113806,19761],{"class":82},[60,113808,79],{"class":78},[60,113810,136],{"class":74},[60,113812,113813],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113814,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113816,113817,113819,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113832],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113818,114],{"class":66},[60,113820,71],{"class":70},[60,113822,71071],{"class":66},[60,113824,123],{"class":74},[60,113826,112241],{"class":126},[60,113828,130],{"class":74},[60,113830,113831],{"class":126},"more_letters",[60,113833,136],{"class":74},[60,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,113837,143],{"class":142},[60,113839,130],{"class":74},[60,113841,148],{"class":126},[60,113843,136],{"class":74},[20,113845,31023],{},[51,113847,113849],{"className":53,"code":113848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,113850,113851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113852,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873,113875,113877,113879,113881,113883,113885],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113854,10275],{"class":74},[60,113856,356],{"class":78},[60,113858,551],{"class":82},[60,113860,356],{"class":78},[60,113862,88],{"class":74},[60,113864,365],{"class":78},[60,113866,2258],{"class":82},[60,113868,356],{"class":78},[60,113870,88],{"class":74},[60,113872,365],{"class":78},[60,113874,1895],{"class":82},[60,113876,356],{"class":78},[60,113878,88],{"class":74},[60,113880,365],{"class":78},[60,113882,19761],{"class":82},[60,113884,356],{"class":78},[60,113886,10306],{"class":74},[415,113888,113890],{"id":113889},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113892,113893],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[51,113895,113897],{"className":53,"code":113896,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113898,113899,113923,113946,113950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113900,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113902,1251],{"class":66},[60,113904,71],{"class":70},[60,113906,11488],{"class":74},[60,113908,79],{"class":78},[60,113910,551],{"class":82},[60,113912,79],{"class":78},[60,113914,88],{"class":74},[60,113916,91],{"class":78},[60,113918,2258],{"class":82},[60,113920,79],{"class":78},[60,113922,10306],{"class":74},[60,113924,113925,113927,113929,113932,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,113926,114],{"class":66},[60,113928,71],{"class":70},[60,113930,113931],{"class":66}," chars",[60,113933,123],{"class":74},[60,113935,112241],{"class":126},[60,113937,130],{"class":74},[60,113939,79],{"class":78},[60,113941,38035],{"class":82},[60,113943,79],{"class":78},[60,113945,136],{"class":74},[60,113947,113948],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,113949,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,113951,113952,113954,113956,113958],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,113953,143],{"class":142},[60,113955,130],{"class":74},[60,113957,148],{"class":126},[60,113959,136],{"class":74},[20,113961,31023],{},[51,113963,113965],{"className":53,"code":113964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113966,113967],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,113968,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,113970,10275],{"class":74},[60,113972,356],{"class":78},[60,113974,551],{"class":82},[60,113976,356],{"class":78},[60,113978,88],{"class":74},[60,113980,365],{"class":78},[60,113982,2258],{"class":82},[60,113984,356],{"class":78},[60,113986,88],{"class":74},[60,113988,365],{"class":78},[60,113990,1895],{"class":82},[60,113992,356],{"class":78},[60,113994,88],{"class":74},[60,113996,365],{"class":78},[60,113998,794],{"class":82},[60,114000,356],{"class":78},[60,114002,10306],{"class":74},[20,114004,23184,114005,114008],{},[15,114006,114007],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[33,114010,114011,114015,114019],{},[36,114012,114013],{},[15,114014,67456],{},[36,114016,114017],{},[15,114018,19089],{},[36,114020,114021],{},[15,114022,114023],{},"\"t\"",[46,114025,114027,11583,114029],{"id":114026},"union-vs-update",[15,114028,103771],{},[15,114030,15947],{},[20,114032,114033,2360,114035,114037],{},[15,114034,103771],{},[15,114036,15947],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[415,114039,114040],{"id":112241},[15,114041,103771],{},[33,114043,114044,114046],{},[36,114045,111603],{},[36,114047,111612],{},[51,114049,114050],{"className":53,"code":113136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,114051,114052,114068,114084,114088,114106,114110,114122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114053,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114055,3569],{"class":66},[60,114057,71],{"class":70},[60,114059,11488],{"class":74},[60,114061,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114063,88],{"class":74},[60,114065,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114067,10306],{"class":74},[60,114069,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114071,3596],{"class":66},[60,114073,71],{"class":70},[60,114075,11488],{"class":74},[60,114077,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114079,88],{"class":74},[60,114081,1442],{"class":1402},[60,114083,10306],{"class":74},[60,114085,114086],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114087,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114089,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114091,114],{"class":66},[60,114093,71],{"class":70},[60,114095,57868],{"class":66},[60,114097,123],{"class":74},[60,114099,112241],{"class":126},[60,114101,130],{"class":74},[60,114103,2258],{"class":126},[60,114105,136],{"class":74},[60,114107,114108],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,114109,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114111,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,114113,143],{"class":142},[60,114115,130],{"class":74},[60,114117,148],{"class":126},[60,114119,2662],{"class":74},[60,114121,113209],{"class":4674},[60,114123,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,114125,143],{"class":142},[60,114127,130],{"class":74},[60,114129,551],{"class":126},[60,114131,2662],{"class":74},[60,114133,113222],{"class":4674},[415,114135,114136],{"id":31457},[15,114137,15947],{},[33,114139,114140,114143],{},[36,114141,114142],{},"changes the existing set in place",[36,114144,114145],{},"does not create a separate result set",[51,114147,114149],{"className":53,"code":114148,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114150,114151,114167,114183,114187,114201,114205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114152,114153,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114154,3569],{"class":66},[60,114156,71],{"class":70},[60,114158,11488],{"class":74},[60,114160,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114162,88],{"class":74},[60,114164,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114166,10306],{"class":74},[60,114168,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114170,3596],{"class":66},[60,114172,71],{"class":70},[60,114174,11488],{"class":74},[60,114176,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114178,88],{"class":74},[60,114180,1442],{"class":1402},[60,114182,10306],{"class":74},[60,114184,114185],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114186,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114188,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114190,551],{"class":66},[60,114192,123],{"class":74},[60,114194,31457],{"class":126},[60,114196,130],{"class":74},[60,114198,2258],{"class":126},[60,114200,136],{"class":74},[60,114202,114203],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,114204,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114206,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,114208,143],{"class":142},[60,114210,130],{"class":74},[60,114212,551],{"class":126},[60,114214,2662],{"class":74},[60,114216,113209],{"class":4674},[20,114218,171,114219,114221],{},[15,114220,103771],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,114223,114224,114225,123],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[551,114226,163,114227,2887],{"href":99491},[15,114228,98287],{},[46,114230,5520],{"id":5519},[415,114232,9449,114234,114236],{"id":114233},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,114235,103771],{}," to change the original set",[20,114238,82800],{},[51,114240,114242],{"className":53,"code":114241,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,114243,114244,114260,114276,114280,114294],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114245,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114247,3569],{"class":66},[60,114249,71],{"class":70},[60,114251,11488],{"class":74},[60,114253,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114255,88],{"class":74},[60,114257,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114259,10306],{"class":74},[60,114261,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114263,3596],{"class":66},[60,114265,71],{"class":70},[60,114267,11488],{"class":74},[60,114269,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114271,88],{"class":74},[60,114273,1442],{"class":1402},[60,114275,10306],{"class":74},[60,114277,114278],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114279,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114281,114282,114284,114286,114288,114290,114292],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114283,551],{"class":66},[60,114285,123],{"class":74},[60,114287,112241],{"class":126},[60,114289,130],{"class":74},[60,114291,2258],{"class":126},[60,114293,136],{"class":74},[60,114295,114296,114298,114300,114302],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,114297,143],{"class":142},[60,114299,130],{"class":74},[60,114301,551],{"class":126},[60,114303,136],{"class":74},[20,114305,153],{},[51,114307,114308],{"className":53,"code":101479,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,114309,114310],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114313,10275],{"class":74},[60,114315,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114317,88],{"class":74},[60,114319,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114321,10306],{"class":74},[20,114323,9492,114324,114326],{},[15,114325,103771],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,114328,114329],{},"Fix it like this:",[51,114331,114333],{"className":53,"code":114332,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,114334,114335,114351,114367,114371,114389],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114336,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114338,3569],{"class":66},[60,114340,71],{"class":70},[60,114342,11488],{"class":74},[60,114344,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114346,88],{"class":74},[60,114348,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114350,10306],{"class":74},[60,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114354,3596],{"class":66},[60,114356,71],{"class":70},[60,114358,11488],{"class":74},[60,114360,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114362,88],{"class":74},[60,114364,1442],{"class":1402},[60,114366,10306],{"class":74},[60,114368,114369],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114370,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114372,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114374,3569],{"class":66},[60,114376,71],{"class":70},[60,114378,57868],{"class":66},[60,114380,123],{"class":74},[60,114382,112241],{"class":126},[60,114384,130],{"class":74},[60,114386,2258],{"class":126},[60,114388,136],{"class":74},[60,114390,114391,114393,114395,114397],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,114392,143],{"class":142},[60,114394,130],{"class":74},[60,114396,551],{"class":126},[60,114398,136],{"class":74},[415,114400,114402],{"id":114401},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,114404,114405],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[51,114407,114409],{"className":53,"code":114408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,114410,114411,114427,114443,114447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114412,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423,114425],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114414,3569],{"class":66},[60,114416,71],{"class":70},[60,114418,11488],{"class":74},[60,114420,3079],{"class":1402},[60,114422,88],{"class":74},[60,114424,6499],{"class":1402},[60,114426,10306],{"class":74},[60,114428,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114430,3596],{"class":66},[60,114432,71],{"class":70},[60,114434,11488],{"class":74},[60,114436,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114438,88],{"class":74},[60,114440,3471],{"class":1402},[60,114442,10306],{"class":74},[60,114444,114445],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114446,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,114448,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114450,143],{"class":142},[60,114452,130],{"class":74},[60,114454,551],{"class":126},[60,114456,123],{"class":74},[60,114458,112241],{"class":126},[60,114460,130],{"class":74},[60,114462,2258],{"class":126},[60,114464,1042],{"class":74},[20,114466,114467],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[415,114469,114471],{"id":114470},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[51,114473,114475],{"className":53,"code":114474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,114476,114477,114493,114515],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114478,114479,114481,114483,114485,114487,114489,114491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114480,67],{"class":66},[60,114482,71],{"class":70},[60,114484,11488],{"class":74},[60,114486,79],{"class":78},[60,114488,59107],{"class":82},[60,114490,79],{"class":78},[60,114492,10306],{"class":74},[60,114494,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114496,114],{"class":66},[60,114498,71],{"class":70},[60,114500,2058],{"class":66},[60,114502,123],{"class":74},[60,114504,112241],{"class":126},[60,114506,130],{"class":74},[60,114508,79],{"class":78},[60,114510,38035],{"class":82},[60,114512,79],{"class":78},[60,114514,136],{"class":74},[60,114516,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114518,143],{"class":142},[60,114520,130],{"class":74},[60,114522,148],{"class":126},[60,114524,136],{"class":74},[20,114526,114527,114528,287,114530,18066,114532,114534,114535,114537],{},"This adds ",[15,114529,67456],{},[15,114531,19089],{},[15,114533,114023],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,114536,114007],{}," as one item.",[20,114539,114540],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[51,114542,114544],{"className":53,"code":114543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114545,114546,114562,114584],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114547,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114549,67],{"class":66},[60,114551,71],{"class":70},[60,114553,11488],{"class":74},[60,114555,79],{"class":78},[60,114557,59107],{"class":82},[60,114559,79],{"class":78},[60,114561,10306],{"class":74},[60,114563,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114565,114],{"class":66},[60,114567,71],{"class":70},[60,114569,2058],{"class":66},[60,114571,123],{"class":74},[60,114573,112241],{"class":126},[60,114575,2652],{"class":74},[60,114577,79],{"class":78},[60,114579,38035],{"class":82},[60,114581,79],{"class":78},[60,114583,2677],{"class":74},[60,114585,114586,114588,114590,114592],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114587,143],{"class":142},[60,114589,130],{"class":74},[60,114591,148],{"class":126},[60,114593,136],{"class":74},[415,114595,114597],{"id":114596},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,114599,3852],{},[51,114601,114603],{"className":53,"code":114602,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,114604,114605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114606,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114608,16622],{"class":66},[60,114610,71],{"class":70},[60,114612,11488],{"class":74},[60,114614,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114616,88],{"class":74},[60,114618,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114620,88],{"class":74},[60,114622,75],{"class":74},[60,114624,3079],{"class":1402},[60,114626,88],{"class":74},[60,114628,3471],{"class":1402},[60,114630,14698],{"class":74},[20,114632,114633],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,114635,114636,114637,3901],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,114638,103771],{},[51,114640,114642],{"className":53,"code":114641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,114643,114644,114660,114682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114647,16622],{"class":66},[60,114649,71],{"class":70},[60,114651,11488],{"class":74},[60,114653,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114655,88],{"class":74},[60,114657,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114659,10306],{"class":74},[60,114661,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114663,114],{"class":66},[60,114665,71],{"class":70},[60,114667,97897],{"class":66},[60,114669,123],{"class":74},[60,114671,112241],{"class":126},[60,114673,2652],{"class":74},[60,114675,3079],{"class":1402},[60,114677,88],{"class":74},[60,114679,3471],{"class":1402},[60,114681,2677],{"class":74},[60,114683,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114685,143],{"class":142},[60,114687,130],{"class":74},[60,114689,148],{"class":126},[60,114691,136],{"class":74},[46,114693,114695],{"id":114694},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,114697,114698],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[33,114700,114701,114707,114714,114717],{},[36,114702,114703,114704,114706],{},"call ",[15,114705,103771],{}," without saving the returned set",[36,114708,114709,114710,9702,114712],{},"confuse ",[15,114711,103771],{},[15,114713,15947],{},[36,114715,114716],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[36,114718,114719],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,114721,114722,114723,2360,114727,123],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[551,114724,163,114725,2887],{"href":103760},[15,114726,107545],{},[551,114728,163,114730,2887],{"href":114729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,114731,101391],{},[20,114733,63271],{},[51,114735,114737],{"className":53,"code":114736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,114738,114739,114749,114763,114773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114740,114741,114743,114745,114747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114742,143],{"class":142},[60,114744,130],{"class":74},[60,114746,16660],{"class":126},[60,114748,136],{"class":74},[60,114750,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114752,143],{"class":142},[60,114754,130],{"class":74},[60,114756,2629],{"class":1527},[60,114758,130],{"class":74},[60,114760,16660],{"class":126},[60,114762,1042],{"class":74},[60,114764,114765,114767,114769,114771],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114766,143],{"class":142},[60,114768,130],{"class":74},[60,114770,148],{"class":126},[60,114772,136],{"class":74},[60,114774,114775,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114776,33145],{"class":142},[60,114778,130],{"class":74},[60,114780,7285],{"class":1527},[60,114782,123],{"class":74},[60,114784,112241],{"class":25743},[60,114786,136],{"class":74},[46,114788,2804],{"id":2803},[415,114790,2808,114792,103711],{"id":114791},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,114793,109015],{},[20,114795,103714],{},[415,114797,6170,114799,114801],{"id":114798},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,114800,103771],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,114803,114804],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[415,114806,2833,114808,114810],{"id":114807},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,114809,103771],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,114812,2839,114813,114815],{},[15,114814,103771],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[415,114817,114819],{"id":114818},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,114821,114822],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[415,114824,6180,114826,2360,114828,2863],{"id":114825},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,114827,103771],{},[15,114829,538],{},[20,114831,114832,114833,114835,114836,114838],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,114834,538],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,114837,103771],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[46,114840,2870],{"id":2869},[33,114842,114843,114847,114853,114859,114865],{},[36,114844,114845],{},[551,114846,97301],{"href":98471},[36,114848,114849],{},[551,114850,163,114851,2887],{"href":99491},[15,114852,98287],{},[36,114854,114855],{},[551,114856,163,114857,2887],{"href":103760},[15,114858,107545],{},[36,114860,114861],{},[551,114862,163,114863,2887],{"href":114729},[15,114864,101391],{},[36,114866,114867],{},[551,114868,101316],{"href":100049},[2912,114870,114871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":114873},[114874,114875,114877,114878,114879,114880,114882,114888,114893,114900,114901,114912],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":112971,"depth":111,"text":114876},"What set.union() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":22964,"depth":111,"text":22965},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":113458,"depth":111,"text":114881},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":113616,"depth":111,"text":114883,"children":114884},"Using union() with other iterables",[114885,114886,114887],{"id":113627,"depth":139,"text":113628},{"id":113747,"depth":139,"text":113748},{"id":113889,"depth":139,"text":113890},{"id":114026,"depth":111,"text":114889,"children":114890},"union() vs update()",[114891,114892],{"id":112241,"depth":139,"text":103771},{"id":31457,"depth":139,"text":15947},{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":114894},[114895,114897,114898,114899],{"id":114233,"depth":139,"text":114896},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":114401,"depth":139,"text":114402},{"id":114470,"depth":139,"text":114471},{"id":114596,"depth":139,"text":114597},{"id":114694,"depth":111,"text":114695},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":114902},[114903,114905,114907,114909,114910],{"id":114791,"depth":139,"text":114904},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":114798,"depth":139,"text":114906},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":114807,"depth":139,"text":114908},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":114818,"depth":139,"text":114819},{"id":114825,"depth":139,"text":114911},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112851,"description":114913},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114919,"title":114920,"body":114921,"description":116810,"extension":2980,"meta":116811,"navigation":304,"path":97786,"seo":116812,"stem":116813,"__hash__":116814},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114922,"toc":116776},[114923,114928,114933,114941,114943,115001,115006,115011,115015,115027,115030,115104,115109,115111,115113,115132,115134,115151,115154,115181,115183,115253,115257,115259,115265,115267,115328,115333,115335,115392,115396,115401,115466,115468,115488,115495,115499,115504,115589,115592,115599,115702,115706,115711,115769,115772,115783,115797,115804,115862,115869,115872,115882,115886,115944,115948,116014,116017,116075,116082,116089,116092,116096,116105,116174,116178,116184,116272,116282,116286,116290,116294,116297,116358,116363,116420,116424,116426,116461,116468,116470,116524,116531,116535,116538,116603,116612,116618,116675,116677,116682,116686,116690,116693,116700,116708,116712,116717,116721,116727,116729,116764,116773],[10,114924,97173,114926,18],{"id":114925},"python-set-update-method",[15,114927,15947],{},[20,114929,114930,114932],{},[15,114931,98287],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114934,114935,114936,114940],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[551,114937,114938],{"href":99472},[15,114939,97181],{},", which adds only one item.",[46,114942,49],{"id":48},[51,114944,114946],{"className":53,"code":114945,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114947,114948,114964,114986,114996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,114949,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960,114962],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,114951,4629],{"class":66},[60,114953,71],{"class":70},[60,114955,11488],{"class":74},[60,114957,1432],{"class":1402},[60,114959,88],{"class":74},[60,114961,1437],{"class":1402},[60,114963,10306],{"class":74},[60,114965,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,114967,4659],{"class":66},[60,114969,123],{"class":74},[60,114971,31457],{"class":126},[60,114973,2652],{"class":74},[60,114975,1925],{"class":1402},[60,114977,88],{"class":74},[60,114979,1442],{"class":1402},[60,114981,88],{"class":74},[60,114983,3471],{"class":1402},[60,114985,2677],{"class":74},[60,114987,114988,114990,114992,114994],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,114989,143],{"class":142},[60,114991,130],{"class":74},[60,114993,4659],{"class":126},[60,114995,136],{"class":74},[60,114997,114998],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,114999,115000],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,115002,171,115003,115005],{},[15,115004,15947],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[46,115007,178,115009,181],{"id":115008},"what-setupdate-does",[15,115010,98287],{},[20,115012,115013,3901],{},[15,115014,98287],{},[33,115016,115017,115020,115022,115025],{},[36,115018,115019],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[36,115021,97288],{},[36,115023,115024],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[36,115026,97291],{},[20,115028,115029],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[51,115031,115033],{"className":53,"code":115032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,115034,115035,115059,115085,115089,115099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115036,115037,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115038,1070],{"class":66},[60,115040,71],{"class":70},[60,115042,11488],{"class":74},[60,115044,79],{"class":78},[60,115046,254],{"class":82},[60,115048,79],{"class":78},[60,115050,88],{"class":74},[60,115052,91],{"class":78},[60,115054,272],{"class":82},[60,115056,79],{"class":78},[60,115058,10306],{"class":74},[60,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115062,1119],{"class":66},[60,115064,123],{"class":74},[60,115066,31457],{"class":126},[60,115068,2652],{"class":74},[60,115070,79],{"class":78},[60,115072,272],{"class":82},[60,115074,79],{"class":78},[60,115076,88],{"class":74},[60,115078,91],{"class":78},[60,115080,263],{"class":82},[60,115082,79],{"class":78},[60,115084,2677],{"class":74},[60,115086,115087],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115088,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115090,115091,115093,115095,115097],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115092,143],{"class":142},[60,115094,130],{"class":74},[60,115096,1119],{"class":126},[60,115098,136],{"class":74},[60,115100,115101],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115102,115103],{"class":4674},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,115105,21972,115106,115108],{},[15,115107,112006],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[46,115110,389],{"id":388},[20,115112,392],{},[51,115114,115116],{"className":53,"code":115115,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,115117,115118],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115119,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115121,16660],{"class":66},[60,115123,123],{"class":74},[60,115125,31457],{"class":126},[60,115127,130],{"class":74},[60,115129,411],{"class":126},[60,115131,136],{"class":74},[20,115133,81176],{},[33,115135,115136,115139,115142,115145,115148],{},[36,115137,115138],{},"A list",[36,115140,115141],{},"A tuple",[36,115143,115144],{},"Another set",[36,115146,115147],{},"A string",[36,115149,115150],{},"Any other iterable",[20,115152,115153],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[51,115155,115157],{"className":53,"code":115156,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,115158,115159],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115160,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115162,16660],{"class":66},[60,115164,123],{"class":74},[60,115166,31457],{"class":126},[60,115168,130],{"class":74},[60,115170,551],{"class":126},[60,115172,88],{"class":74},[60,115174,3574],{"class":126},[60,115176,88],{"class":74},[60,115178,10679],{"class":126},[60,115180,136],{"class":74},[20,115182,236],{},[51,115184,115186],{"className":53,"code":115185,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,115187,115188,115200,115234,115238,115248],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115189,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115191,1336],{"class":66},[60,115193,71],{"class":70},[60,115195,11488],{"class":74},[60,115197,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115199,10306],{"class":74},[60,115201,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115203,1388],{"class":66},[60,115205,123],{"class":74},[60,115207,31457],{"class":126},[60,115209,2652],{"class":74},[60,115211,1925],{"class":1402},[60,115213,88],{"class":74},[60,115215,1442],{"class":1402},[60,115217,19055],{"class":74},[60,115219,1776],{"class":74},[60,115221,3519],{"class":1402},[60,115223,88],{"class":74},[60,115225,5606],{"class":1402},[60,115227,10231],{"class":74},[60,115229,11488],{"class":74},[60,115231,81567],{"class":1402},[60,115233,31489],{"class":74},[60,115235,115236],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115237,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115239,115240,115242,115244,115246],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115241,143],{"class":142},[60,115243,130],{"class":74},[60,115245,1388],{"class":126},[60,115247,136],{"class":74},[60,115249,115250],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115251,115252],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,115254,97297,115255,123],{},[551,115256,97305],{"href":98855},[46,115258,22965],{"id":22964},[20,115260,115261,3412,115263,123],{},[15,115262,98287],{},[15,115264,1585],{},[20,115266,12710],{},[51,115268,115270],{"className":53,"code":115269,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115271,115272,115288,115310,115314,115324],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115273,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115275,4629],{"class":66},[60,115277,71],{"class":70},[60,115279,11488],{"class":74},[60,115281,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115283,88],{"class":74},[60,115285,1437],{"class":1402},[60,115287,10306],{"class":74},[60,115289,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115291,114],{"class":66},[60,115293,71],{"class":70},[60,115295,5264],{"class":66},[60,115297,123],{"class":74},[60,115299,31457],{"class":126},[60,115301,2652],{"class":74},[60,115303,3079],{"class":1402},[60,115305,88],{"class":74},[60,115307,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115309,2677],{"class":74},[60,115311,115312],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115313,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115315,115316,115318,115320,115322],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115317,143],{"class":142},[60,115319,130],{"class":74},[60,115321,148],{"class":126},[60,115323,136],{"class":74},[60,115325,115326],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115327,62807],{"class":4674},[20,115329,115330,115331,123],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,115332,148],{},[20,115334,19962],{},[51,115336,115338],{"className":53,"code":115337,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115339,115340,115356,115374,115378,115388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115341,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115343,4629],{"class":66},[60,115345,71],{"class":70},[60,115347,11488],{"class":74},[60,115349,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115351,88],{"class":74},[60,115353,1437],{"class":1402},[60,115355,10306],{"class":74},[60,115357,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115359,4659],{"class":66},[60,115361,123],{"class":74},[60,115363,31457],{"class":126},[60,115365,2652],{"class":74},[60,115367,3079],{"class":1402},[60,115369,88],{"class":74},[60,115371,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115373,2677],{"class":74},[60,115375,115376],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115377,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115379,115380,115382,115384,115386],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115381,143],{"class":142},[60,115383,130],{"class":74},[60,115385,4659],{"class":126},[60,115387,136],{"class":74},[60,115389,115390],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115391,115000],{"class":4674},[46,115393,115395],{"id":115394},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,115397,115398,115399,123],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,115400,15947],{},[51,115402,115404],{"className":53,"code":115403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115405,115406,115422,115448,115452,115462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115407,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115409,4629],{"class":66},[60,115411,71],{"class":70},[60,115413,11488],{"class":74},[60,115415,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115417,88],{"class":74},[60,115419,1437],{"class":1402},[60,115421,10306],{"class":74},[60,115423,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115425,4659],{"class":66},[60,115427,123],{"class":74},[60,115429,31457],{"class":126},[60,115431,2652],{"class":74},[60,115433,1925],{"class":1402},[60,115435,88],{"class":74},[60,115437,1442],{"class":1402},[60,115439,88],{"class":74},[60,115441,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115443,88],{"class":74},[60,115445,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115447,2677],{"class":74},[60,115449,115450],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115451,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115453,115454,115456,115458,115460],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115455,143],{"class":142},[60,115457,130],{"class":74},[60,115459,4659],{"class":126},[60,115461,136],{"class":74},[60,115463,115464],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115465,115000],{"class":4674},[20,115467,12679],{},[33,115469,115470,115475,115482],{},[36,115471,115472,115474],{},[15,115473,1925],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[36,115476,115477,2360,115479,115481],{},[15,115478,3079],{},[15,115480,3519],{}," are added",[36,115483,115484,115485,115487],{},"The second ",[15,115486,3519],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,115489,115490,115491,115494],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[551,115492,115493],{"href":100049},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[46,115496,115498],{"id":115497},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,115500,8760,115501,115503],{},[15,115502,15947],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[51,115505,115507],{"className":53,"code":115506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,115508,115509,115530,115551,115555,115571,115575,115585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115510,115511,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115512,115513],{"class":66},"set_a ",[60,115515,71],{"class":70},[60,115517,11488],{"class":74},[60,115519,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115521,88],{"class":74},[60,115523,1437],{"class":1402},[60,115525,88],{"class":74},[60,115527,1442],{"class":1402},[60,115529,10306],{"class":74},[60,115531,115532,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115533,115534],{"class":66},"set_b ",[60,115536,71],{"class":70},[60,115538,11488],{"class":74},[60,115540,3079],{"class":1402},[60,115542,88],{"class":74},[60,115544,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115546,88],{"class":74},[60,115548,5606],{"class":1402},[60,115550,10306],{"class":74},[60,115552,115553],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115554,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115556,115557,115560,115562,115564,115566,115569],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115558,115559],{"class":66},"set_a",[60,115561,123],{"class":74},[60,115563,31457],{"class":126},[60,115565,130],{"class":74},[60,115567,115568],{"class":126},"set_b",[60,115570,136],{"class":74},[60,115572,115573],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115574,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115576,115577,115579,115581,115583],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,115578,143],{"class":142},[60,115580,130],{"class":74},[60,115582,115559],{"class":126},[60,115584,136],{"class":74},[60,115586,115587],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,115588,112963],{"class":4674},[20,115590,115591],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,115593,115594,115595,123],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[551,115596,115597],{"href":103768},[15,115598,109015],{},[51,115600,115602],{"className":53,"code":115601,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115603,115604,115624,115644,115648,115668,115672,115683,115687,115697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115605,115606,115608,115610,115612,115614,115616,115618,115620,115622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115607,115513],{"class":66},[60,115609,71],{"class":70},[60,115611,11488],{"class":74},[60,115613,1432],{"class":1402},[60,115615,88],{"class":74},[60,115617,1437],{"class":1402},[60,115619,88],{"class":74},[60,115621,1442],{"class":1402},[60,115623,10306],{"class":74},[60,115625,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115627,115534],{"class":66},[60,115629,71],{"class":70},[60,115631,11488],{"class":74},[60,115633,3079],{"class":1402},[60,115635,88],{"class":74},[60,115637,3471],{"class":1402},[60,115639,88],{"class":74},[60,115641,5606],{"class":1402},[60,115643,10306],{"class":74},[60,115645,115646],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115647,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115649,115650,115653,115655,115658,115660,115662,115664,115666],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115651,115652],{"class":66},"combined ",[60,115654,71],{"class":70},[60,115656,115657],{"class":66}," set_a",[60,115659,123],{"class":74},[60,115661,112241],{"class":126},[60,115663,130],{"class":74},[60,115665,115568],{"class":126},[60,115667,136],{"class":74},[60,115669,115670],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115671,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115673,115674,115676,115678,115681],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,115675,143],{"class":142},[60,115677,130],{"class":74},[60,115679,115680],{"class":126},"combined",[60,115682,136],{"class":74},[60,115684,115685],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,115686,112963],{"class":4674},[60,115688,115689,115691,115693,115695],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,115690,143],{"class":142},[60,115692,130],{"class":74},[60,115694,115559],{"class":126},[60,115696,136],{"class":74},[60,115698,115699],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,115700,115701],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[46,115703,115705],{"id":115704},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,115707,65714,115708,115710],{},[15,115709,15947],{}," adds each character separately.",[51,115712,115714],{"className":53,"code":115713,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,115715,115716,115732,115750,115754,115764],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115717,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115719,767],{"class":66},[60,115721,71],{"class":70},[60,115723,11488],{"class":74},[60,115725,79],{"class":78},[60,115727,3191],{"class":82},[60,115729,79],{"class":78},[60,115731,10306],{"class":74},[60,115733,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115735,843],{"class":66},[60,115737,123],{"class":74},[60,115739,31457],{"class":126},[60,115741,130],{"class":74},[60,115743,79],{"class":78},[60,115745,38035],{"class":82},[60,115747,79],{"class":78},[60,115749,136],{"class":74},[60,115751,115752],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115753,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115755,115756,115758,115760,115762],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115757,143],{"class":142},[60,115759,130],{"class":74},[60,115761,843],{"class":126},[60,115763,136],{"class":74},[60,115765,115766],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115767,115768],{"class":4674},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,115770,115771],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,115773,115774,15046,115777,115779,115780,115782],{},[15,115775,115776],{},"update(\"cat\")",[4753,115778,5632],{}," add ",[15,115781,114007],{}," as one item. It adds:",[33,115784,115785,115789,115793],{},[36,115786,115787],{},[15,115788,67456],{},[36,115790,115791],{},[15,115792,19089],{},[36,115794,115795],{},[15,115796,114023],{},[20,115798,115799,115800,3901],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[551,115801,115802],{"href":99472},[15,115803,97181],{},[51,115805,115807],{"className":53,"code":115806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115808,115809,115825,115843,115847,115857],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115810,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819,115821,115823],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115812,67],{"class":66},[60,115814,71],{"class":70},[60,115816,11488],{"class":74},[60,115818,79],{"class":78},[60,115820,59107],{"class":82},[60,115822,79],{"class":78},[60,115824,10306],{"class":74},[60,115826,115827,115829,115831,115833,115835,115837,115839,115841],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115828,133],{"class":66},[60,115830,123],{"class":74},[60,115832,83079],{"class":126},[60,115834,130],{"class":74},[60,115836,79],{"class":78},[60,115838,38035],{"class":82},[60,115840,79],{"class":78},[60,115842,136],{"class":74},[60,115844,115845],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115846,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115848,115849,115851,115853,115855],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115850,143],{"class":142},[60,115852,130],{"class":74},[60,115854,133],{"class":126},[60,115856,136],{"class":74},[60,115858,115859],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115860,115861],{"class":4674},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[46,115863,115865,11583,115867],{"id":115864},"update-vs-add",[15,115866,15947],{},[15,115868,97176],{},[20,115870,115871],{},"The difference is simple:",[33,115873,115874,115878],{},[36,115875,115876,97775],{},[15,115877,97176],{},[36,115879,115880,97780],{},[15,115881,15947],{},[20,115883,47022,115884,3901],{},[15,115885,97176],{},[51,115887,115889],{"className":53,"code":115888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115890,115891,115907,115925,115929,115939],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115892,115893,115895,115897,115899,115901,115903,115905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115894,37227],{"class":66},[60,115896,71],{"class":70},[60,115898,11488],{"class":74},[60,115900,79],{"class":78},[60,115902,1604],{"class":82},[60,115904,79],{"class":78},[60,115906,10306],{"class":74},[60,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115910,37279],{"class":66},[60,115912,123],{"class":74},[60,115914,83079],{"class":126},[60,115916,130],{"class":74},[60,115918,79],{"class":78},[60,115920,1619],{"class":82},[60,115922,79],{"class":78},[60,115924,136],{"class":74},[60,115926,115927],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115928,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,115930,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,115932,143],{"class":142},[60,115934,130],{"class":74},[60,115936,37279],{"class":126},[60,115938,136],{"class":74},[60,115940,115941],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,115942,115943],{"class":4674},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115945,47022,115946,3901],{},[15,115947,15947],{},[51,115949,115951],{"className":53,"code":115950,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115952,115953,115969,115995,115999,116009],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,115954,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,115956,37227],{"class":66},[60,115958,71],{"class":70},[60,115960,11488],{"class":74},[60,115962,79],{"class":78},[60,115964,1604],{"class":82},[60,115966,79],{"class":78},[60,115968,10306],{"class":74},[60,115970,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,115972,37279],{"class":66},[60,115974,123],{"class":74},[60,115976,31457],{"class":126},[60,115978,2652],{"class":74},[60,115980,79],{"class":78},[60,115982,1619],{"class":82},[60,115984,79],{"class":78},[60,115986,88],{"class":74},[60,115988,91],{"class":78},[60,115990,34214],{"class":82},[60,115992,79],{"class":78},[60,115994,2677],{"class":74},[60,115996,115997],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,115998,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116002,143],{"class":142},[60,116004,130],{"class":74},[60,116006,37279],{"class":126},[60,116008,136],{"class":74},[60,116010,116011],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116012,116013],{"class":4674},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,116015,116016],{},"Important warning with strings:",[51,116018,116020],{"className":53,"code":116019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,116021,116022,116038,116056,116060,116070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116023,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116025,37227],{"class":66},[60,116027,71],{"class":70},[60,116029,11488],{"class":74},[60,116031,79],{"class":78},[60,116033,1604],{"class":82},[60,116035,79],{"class":78},[60,116037,10306],{"class":74},[60,116039,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050,116052,116054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116041,37279],{"class":66},[60,116043,123],{"class":74},[60,116045,31457],{"class":126},[60,116047,130],{"class":74},[60,116049,79],{"class":78},[60,116051,39329],{"class":82},[60,116053,79],{"class":78},[60,116055,136],{"class":74},[60,116057,116058],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116059,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116061,116062,116064,116066,116068],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116063,143],{"class":142},[60,116065,130],{"class":74},[60,116067,37279],{"class":126},[60,116069,136],{"class":74},[60,116071,116072],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116073,116074],{"class":4674},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,116076,63082,116077,63155,116080,2225],{},[15,116078,116079],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,116081,97176],{},[46,116083,116085,11583,116087],{"id":116084},"update-vs-union",[15,116086,15947],{},[15,116088,103771],{},[20,116090,116091],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[415,116093,116094],{"id":31457},[15,116095,15947],{},[33,116097,116098,116101],{},[36,116099,116100],{},"Changes the existing set",[36,116102,12419,116103],{},[15,116104,1585],{},[51,116106,116108],{"className":53,"code":116107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116109,116110,116126,116142,116146,116160,116170],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116113,3569],{"class":66},[60,116115,71],{"class":70},[60,116117,11488],{"class":74},[60,116119,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116121,88],{"class":74},[60,116123,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116125,10306],{"class":74},[60,116127,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116129,3596],{"class":66},[60,116131,71],{"class":70},[60,116133,11488],{"class":74},[60,116135,1925],{"class":1402},[60,116137,88],{"class":74},[60,116139,1442],{"class":1402},[60,116141,10306],{"class":74},[60,116143,116144],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116145,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116147,116148,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116149,551],{"class":66},[60,116151,123],{"class":74},[60,116153,31457],{"class":126},[60,116155,130],{"class":74},[60,116157,2258],{"class":126},[60,116159,136],{"class":74},[60,116161,116162,116164,116166,116168],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116163,143],{"class":142},[60,116165,130],{"class":74},[60,116167,551],{"class":126},[60,116169,136],{"class":74},[60,116171,116172],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,116173,115701],{"class":4674},[415,116175,116176],{"id":112241},[15,116177,103771],{},[33,116179,116180,116182],{},[36,116181,102309],{},[36,116183,102312],{},[51,116185,116187],{"className":53,"code":116186,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,116188,116189,116205,116221,116225,116243,116253,116257,116267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116190,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116192,3569],{"class":66},[60,116194,71],{"class":70},[60,116196,11488],{"class":74},[60,116198,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116200,88],{"class":74},[60,116202,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116204,10306],{"class":74},[60,116206,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116208,3596],{"class":66},[60,116210,71],{"class":70},[60,116212,11488],{"class":74},[60,116214,1925],{"class":1402},[60,116216,88],{"class":74},[60,116218,1442],{"class":1402},[60,116220,10306],{"class":74},[60,116222,116223],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116224,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116226,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239,116241],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116228,84159],{"class":66},[60,116230,71],{"class":70},[60,116232,57868],{"class":66},[60,116234,123],{"class":74},[60,116236,112241],{"class":126},[60,116238,130],{"class":74},[60,116240,2258],{"class":126},[60,116242,136],{"class":74},[60,116244,116245,116247,116249,116251],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116246,143],{"class":142},[60,116248,130],{"class":74},[60,116250,1895],{"class":126},[60,116252,136],{"class":74},[60,116254,116255],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,116256,115701],{"class":4674},[60,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,116260,143],{"class":142},[60,116262,130],{"class":74},[60,116264,551],{"class":126},[60,116266,136],{"class":74},[60,116268,116269],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,116270,116271],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,116273,108657,116274,116276,116277,116281],{},[15,116275,15947],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[551,116278,116279],{"href":103768},[15,116280,103771],{}," when you want a new set.",[46,116283,116285],{"id":116284},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,116287,11744,116288,123],{},[15,116289,98287],{},[415,116291,116293],{"id":116292},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,116295,116296],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[51,116298,116300],{"className":53,"code":116299,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,116301,116302,116318,116340,116344,116354],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116303,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116305,16622],{"class":66},[60,116307,71],{"class":70},[60,116309,11488],{"class":74},[60,116311,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116313,88],{"class":74},[60,116315,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116317,10306],{"class":74},[60,116319,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336,116338],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116321,114],{"class":66},[60,116323,71],{"class":70},[60,116325,97897],{"class":66},[60,116327,123],{"class":74},[60,116329,31457],{"class":126},[60,116331,2652],{"class":74},[60,116333,3079],{"class":1402},[60,116335,88],{"class":74},[60,116337,3471],{"class":1402},[60,116339,2677],{"class":74},[60,116341,116342],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116343,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116347,143],{"class":142},[60,116349,130],{"class":74},[60,116351,148],{"class":126},[60,116353,136],{"class":74},[60,116355,116356],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116357,62807],{"class":4674},[20,116359,116360,116361,3901],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,116362,15947],{},[51,116364,116366],{"className":53,"code":116365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,116367,116368,116384,116402,116406,116416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116369,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116371,16622],{"class":66},[60,116373,71],{"class":70},[60,116375,11488],{"class":74},[60,116377,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116379,88],{"class":74},[60,116381,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116383,10306],{"class":74},[60,116385,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116387,16660],{"class":66},[60,116389,123],{"class":74},[60,116391,31457],{"class":126},[60,116393,2652],{"class":74},[60,116395,3079],{"class":1402},[60,116397,88],{"class":74},[60,116399,3471],{"class":1402},[60,116401,2677],{"class":74},[60,116403,116404],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116405,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116407,116408,116410,116412,116414],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116409,143],{"class":142},[60,116411,130],{"class":74},[60,116413,16660],{"class":126},[60,116415,136],{"class":74},[60,116417,116418],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116419,115000],{"class":4674},[415,116421,116423],{"id":116422},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,116425,3852],{},[51,116427,116429],{"className":53,"code":116428,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,116430,116431,116447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116432,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443,116445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116434,16622],{"class":66},[60,116436,71],{"class":70},[60,116438,11488],{"class":74},[60,116440,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116442,88],{"class":74},[60,116444,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116446,10306],{"class":74},[60,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116450,16660],{"class":66},[60,116452,123],{"class":74},[60,116454,31457],{"class":126},[60,116456,130],{"class":74},[60,116458,3154],{"class":1402},[60,116460,136],{"class":74},[20,116462,63261,116463,9598,116465,116467],{},[15,116464,1472],{},[15,116466,3154],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,116469,7554],{},[51,116471,116473],{"className":53,"code":116472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,116474,116475,116491,116505,116509,116519],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116476,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116478,16622],{"class":66},[60,116480,71],{"class":70},[60,116482,11488],{"class":74},[60,116484,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116486,88],{"class":74},[60,116488,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116490,10306],{"class":74},[60,116492,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116494,16660],{"class":66},[60,116496,123],{"class":74},[60,116498,31457],{"class":126},[60,116500,2652],{"class":74},[60,116502,3154],{"class":1402},[60,116504,2677],{"class":74},[60,116506,116507],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116508,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116510,116511,116513,116515,116517],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116512,143],{"class":142},[60,116514,130],{"class":74},[60,116516,16660],{"class":126},[60,116518,136],{"class":74},[60,116520,116521],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116522,116523],{"class":4674},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,116525,46895,116526,123],{},[551,116527,1999,116528],{"href":53579},[15,116529,116530],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[415,116532,116534],{"id":116533},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,116536,116537],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[51,116539,116541],{"className":53,"code":116540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,116542,116543,116559,116585,116589,116599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116546,16622],{"class":66},[60,116548,71],{"class":70},[60,116550,11488],{"class":74},[60,116552,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116554,88],{"class":74},[60,116556,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116558,10306],{"class":74},[60,116560,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116562,16660],{"class":66},[60,116564,123],{"class":74},[60,116566,31457],{"class":126},[60,116568,2652],{"class":74},[60,116570,1925],{"class":1402},[60,116572,88],{"class":74},[60,116574,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116576,88],{"class":74},[60,116578,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116580,88],{"class":74},[60,116582,1442],{"class":1402},[60,116584,2677],{"class":74},[60,116586,116587],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116588,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116592,143],{"class":142},[60,116594,130],{"class":74},[60,116596,16660],{"class":126},[60,116598,136],{"class":74},[60,116600,116601],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116602,115701],{"class":4674},[415,116604,116606,116607,45611,116609,116611],{"id":116605},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,116608,15947],{},[15,116610,97176],{}," is better",[20,116613,116614,116615,116617],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,116616,97176],{}," is usually the better choice.",[51,116619,116621],{"className":53,"code":116620,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,116622,116623,116639,116657,116661,116671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116624,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635,116637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116626,16622],{"class":66},[60,116628,71],{"class":70},[60,116630,11488],{"class":74},[60,116632,79],{"class":78},[60,116634,59107],{"class":82},[60,116636,79],{"class":78},[60,116638,10306],{"class":74},[60,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116642,16660],{"class":66},[60,116644,123],{"class":74},[60,116646,83079],{"class":126},[60,116648,130],{"class":74},[60,116650,79],{"class":78},[60,116652,38035],{"class":82},[60,116654,79],{"class":78},[60,116656,136],{"class":74},[60,116658,116659],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116660,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116662,116663,116665,116667,116669],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116664,143],{"class":142},[60,116666,130],{"class":74},[60,116668,16660],{"class":126},[60,116670,136],{"class":74},[60,116672,116673],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116674,115861],{"class":4674},[46,116676,2804],{"id":2803},[415,116678,2808,116680,98266],{"id":116679},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,116681,98287],{},[20,116683,98269,116684,123],{},[15,116685,1585],{},[415,116687,2833,116688,33219],{"id":33216},[15,116689,15947],{},[20,116691,116692],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[415,116694,6180,116696,2360,116698,2863],{"id":116695},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,116697,97176],{},[15,116699,15947],{},[20,116701,116702,116704,116705,116707],{},[15,116703,97176],{}," adds one item. ",[15,116706,15947],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[415,116709,116711],{"id":116710},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,116713,116714,116715,115710],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,116716,15947],{},[415,116718,116720],{"id":116719},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,116722,171,116723,2600,116725,123],{},[15,116724,103771],{},[15,116726,15947],{},[46,116728,2870],{"id":2869},[33,116730,116731,116738,116745,116751,116757],{},[36,116732,116733],{},[551,116734,116735],{"href":99472},[15,116736,116737],{},"Python set add() method",[36,116739,116740],{},[551,116741,116742],{"href":103768},[15,116743,116744],{},"Python set union() method",[36,116746,116747],{},[551,116748,116749],{"href":98855},[15,116750,98311],{},[36,116752,116753],{},[551,116754,116755],{"href":100049},[15,116756,101316],{},[36,116758,116759],{},[551,116760,116761,116763],{"href":53579},[15,116762,116530],{}," fix",[20,116765,116766,116767,116769,116770,116772],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,116768,97181],{}," for a single value and ",[15,116771,109015],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2912,116774,116775],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":116777},[116778,116779,116781,116782,116783,116784,116785,116786,116788,116793,116800,116809],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":115008,"depth":111,"text":116780},"What set.update() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":22964,"depth":111,"text":22965},{"id":115394,"depth":111,"text":115395},{"id":115497,"depth":111,"text":115498},{"id":115704,"depth":111,"text":115705},{"id":115864,"depth":111,"text":116787},"update() vs add()",{"id":116084,"depth":111,"text":116789,"children":116790},"update() vs union()",[116791,116792],{"id":31457,"depth":139,"text":15947},{"id":112241,"depth":139,"text":103771},{"id":116284,"depth":111,"text":116285,"children":116794},[116795,116796,116797,116798],{"id":116292,"depth":139,"text":116293},{"id":116422,"depth":139,"text":116423},{"id":116533,"depth":139,"text":116534},{"id":116605,"depth":139,"text":116799},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":116801},[116802,116804,116805,116807,116808],{"id":116679,"depth":139,"text":116803},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":33216,"depth":139,"text":33289},{"id":116695,"depth":139,"text":116806},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":116710,"depth":139,"text":116711},{"id":116719,"depth":139,"text":116720},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114920,"description":116810},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":116816,"title":116817,"body":116818,"description":118584,"extension":2980,"meta":118585,"navigation":304,"path":14782,"seo":118586,"stem":118587,"__hash__":118588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":116819,"toc":118559},[116820,116823,116826,116829,116840,116848,116851,116853,117002,117014,117018,117035,117039,117047,117049,117060,117062,117159,117165,117168,117264,117273,117278,117282,117287,117289,117299,117301,117410,117418,117422,117425,117428,117445,117451,117531,117534,117538,117541,117545,117548,117607,117610,117614,117617,117709,117713,117716,117823,117827,117833,117861,117863,117945,117955,117959,117962,117973,117976,118061,118064,118069,118073,118076,118087,118090,118232,118235,118239,118242,118256,118259,118320,118326,118328,118331,118353,118356,118456,118459,118491,118493,118497,118500,118502,118505,118509,118512,118516,118519,118523,118526,118528,118556],[10,116821,116817],{"id":116822},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,116824,116825],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,116827,116828],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[33,116830,116831,116834,116837],{},[36,116832,116833],{},"a list inside another list",[36,116835,116836],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[36,116838,116839],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,116841,101238,116842,2360,116844,116847],{},[4753,116843,13845],{},[4753,116845,116846],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116849,116850],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[46,116852,3022],{"id":3021},[51,116854,116856],{"className":53,"code":116855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116857,116858,116865,116869,116895,116915,116935,116939,116957,116961,116974,116988],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,116859,116860,116862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,116861,36084],{"class":2665},[60,116863,116864],{"class":66}," copy\n",[60,116866,116867],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,116868,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116870,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,116872,13081],{"class":66},[60,116874,71],{"class":70},[60,116876,57274],{"class":74},[60,116878,1432],{"class":1402},[60,116880,88],{"class":74},[60,116882,1437],{"class":1402},[60,116884,19055],{"class":74},[60,116886,75],{"class":74},[60,116888,3079],{"class":1402},[60,116890,88],{"class":74},[60,116892,3471],{"class":1402},[60,116894,54222],{"class":74},[60,116896,116897,116900,116902,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,116898,116899],{"class":66},"shallow ",[60,116901,71],{"class":70},[60,116903,116904],{"class":66}," copy",[60,116906,123],{"class":74},[60,116908,13905],{"class":126},[60,116910,130],{"class":74},[60,116912,13128],{"class":126},[60,116914,136],{"class":74},[60,116916,116917,116920,116922,116924,116926,116929,116931,116933],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,116918,116919],{"class":66},"deep ",[60,116921,71],{"class":70},[60,116923,116904],{"class":66},[60,116925,123],{"class":74},[60,116927,116928],{"class":126},"deepcopy",[60,116930,130],{"class":74},[60,116932,13128],{"class":126},[60,116934,136],{"class":74},[60,116936,116937],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,116938,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116940,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953,116955],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,116942,13128],{"class":66},[60,116944,353],{"class":74},[60,116946,3137],{"class":1402},[60,116948,14542],{"class":74},[60,116950,14545],{"class":126},[60,116952,130],{"class":74},[60,116954,57327],{"class":1402},[60,116956,136],{"class":74},[60,116958,116959],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,116960,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,116962,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,116964,143],{"class":142},[60,116966,130],{"class":74},[60,116968,13128],{"class":126},[60,116970,2662],{"class":74},[60,116972,116973],{"class":4674},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,116975,116976,116978,116980,116983,116985],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,116977,143],{"class":142},[60,116979,130],{"class":74},[60,116981,116982],{"class":126},"shallow",[60,116984,2662],{"class":74},[60,116986,116987],{"class":4674},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[60,116989,116990,116992,116994,116997,116999],{"class":62,"line":12590},[60,116991,143],{"class":142},[60,116993,130],{"class":74},[60,116995,116996],{"class":126},"deep",[60,116998,2662],{"class":74},[60,117000,117001],{"class":4674},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,117003,171,117004,117007,117008,2360,117010,117013],{},[15,117005,117006],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[4753,117009,13845],{},[15,117011,117012],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[46,117015,117017],{"id":117016},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[33,117019,117020,117023,117026,117029,117032],{},[36,117021,117022],{},"What a copy means in Python",[36,117024,117025],{},"How shallow copy works",[36,117027,117028],{},"How deep copy works",[36,117030,117031],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[36,117033,117034],{},"When to use each approach",[46,117036,117038],{"id":117037},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,117040,16182,117041,117043,117044,117046],{},[4753,117042,13845],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[4753,117045,5632],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,117048,3124],{},[33,117050,117051,117054,117057],{},[36,117052,117053],{},"the outer container is new",[36,117055,117056],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[36,117058,117059],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,117061,236],{},[51,117063,117065],{"className":53,"code":117064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,117066,117067,117093,117107,117111,117129,117133,117146],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117068,117069,117071,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117070,13081],{"class":66},[60,117072,71],{"class":70},[60,117074,57274],{"class":74},[60,117076,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117078,88],{"class":74},[60,117080,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117082,19055],{"class":74},[60,117084,75],{"class":74},[60,117086,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117088,88],{"class":74},[60,117090,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117092,54222],{"class":74},[60,117094,117095,117097,117099,117101,117103,117105],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117096,15304],{"class":66},[60,117098,71],{"class":70},[60,117100,13156],{"class":66},[60,117102,123],{"class":74},[60,117104,13905],{"class":126},[60,117106,9640],{"class":74},[60,117108,117109],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117110,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117112,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117114,15323],{"class":66},[60,117116,123],{"class":74},[60,117118,14545],{"class":126},[60,117120,2652],{"class":74},[60,117122,3154],{"class":1402},[60,117124,88],{"class":74},[60,117126,38631],{"class":1402},[60,117128,2677],{"class":74},[60,117130,117131],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117132,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117134,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117136,143],{"class":142},[60,117138,130],{"class":74},[60,117140,13128],{"class":126},[60,117142,2662],{"class":74},[60,117144,117145],{"class":4674},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[60,117147,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117149,143],{"class":142},[60,117151,130],{"class":74},[60,117153,15323],{"class":126},[60,117155,2662],{"class":74},[60,117157,117158],{"class":4674},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,117160,117161,117162,117164],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,117163,15323],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,117166,117167],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[51,117169,117171],{"className":53,"code":117170,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,117172,117173,117199,117213,117217,117235,117239,117251],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117174,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117176,13081],{"class":66},[60,117178,71],{"class":70},[60,117180,57274],{"class":74},[60,117182,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117184,88],{"class":74},[60,117186,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117188,19055],{"class":74},[60,117190,75],{"class":74},[60,117192,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117194,88],{"class":74},[60,117196,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117198,54222],{"class":74},[60,117200,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117202,15304],{"class":66},[60,117204,71],{"class":70},[60,117206,13156],{"class":66},[60,117208,123],{"class":74},[60,117210,13905],{"class":126},[60,117212,9640],{"class":74},[60,117214,117215],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117216,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117218,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231,117233],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117220,15323],{"class":66},[60,117222,353],{"class":74},[60,117224,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117226,14542],{"class":74},[60,117228,14545],{"class":126},[60,117230,130],{"class":74},[60,117232,57327],{"class":1402},[60,117234,136],{"class":74},[60,117236,117237],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117238,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117240,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117242,143],{"class":142},[60,117244,130],{"class":74},[60,117246,13128],{"class":126},[60,117248,2662],{"class":74},[60,117250,116973],{"class":4674},[60,117252,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117254,143],{"class":142},[60,117256,130],{"class":74},[60,117258,15323],{"class":126},[60,117260,2662],{"class":74},[60,117262,117263],{"class":4674},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,117265,117266,117267,2360,117269,117272],{},"Both changed because ",[15,117268,57431],{},[15,117270,117271],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,117274,117275,117276,123],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[551,117277,44917],{"href":13060},[46,117279,117281],{"id":117280},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,117283,16182,117284,117286],{},[4753,117285,116846],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,117288,3124],{},[33,117290,117291,117293,117296],{},[36,117292,117053],{},[36,117294,117295],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[36,117297,117298],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,117300,236],{},[51,117302,117304],{"className":53,"code":117303,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,117305,117306,117312,117316,117342,117360,117364,117382,117386,117398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117307,117308,117310],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117309,36084],{"class":2665},[60,117311,116864],{"class":66},[60,117313,117314],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117315,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117317,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117319,13081],{"class":66},[60,117321,71],{"class":70},[60,117323,57274],{"class":74},[60,117325,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117327,88],{"class":74},[60,117329,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117331,19055],{"class":74},[60,117333,75],{"class":74},[60,117335,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117337,88],{"class":74},[60,117339,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117341,54222],{"class":74},[60,117343,117344,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117345,15304],{"class":66},[60,117347,71],{"class":70},[60,117349,116904],{"class":66},[60,117351,123],{"class":74},[60,117353,116928],{"class":126},[60,117355,130],{"class":74},[60,117357,13128],{"class":126},[60,117359,136],{"class":74},[60,117361,117362],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117363,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117365,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117367,15323],{"class":66},[60,117369,353],{"class":74},[60,117371,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117373,14542],{"class":74},[60,117375,14545],{"class":126},[60,117377,130],{"class":74},[60,117379,57327],{"class":1402},[60,117381,136],{"class":74},[60,117383,117384],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117385,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117387,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,117389,143],{"class":142},[60,117391,130],{"class":74},[60,117393,13128],{"class":126},[60,117395,2662],{"class":74},[60,117397,117145],{"class":4674},[60,117399,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,117401,143],{"class":142},[60,117403,130],{"class":74},[60,117405,15323],{"class":126},[60,117407,2662],{"class":74},[60,117409,117263],{"class":4674},[20,117411,117412,117413,117415,117416,123],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,117414,117271],{}," does not change ",[15,117417,57431],{},[46,117419,117421],{"id":117420},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,117423,117424],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,117426,117427],{},"Common reasons:",[33,117429,117430,117433,117436,117442],{},[36,117431,117432],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[36,117434,117435],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[36,117437,117438,117439,117441],{},"Assignment with ",[15,117440,71],{}," does not make a copy",[36,117443,117444],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,117446,117447,117448,117450],{},"For example, this does ",[4753,117449,5632],{}," create a copy:",[51,117452,117454],{"className":53,"code":117453,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117455,117456,117476,117484,117488,117502,117506,117518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117457,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468,117470,117472,117474],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117459,13081],{"class":66},[60,117461,71],{"class":70},[60,117463,75],{"class":74},[60,117465,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117467,88],{"class":74},[60,117469,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117471,88],{"class":74},[60,117473,1442],{"class":1402},[60,117475,108],{"class":74},[60,117477,117478,117480,117482],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117479,15304],{"class":66},[60,117481,71],{"class":70},[60,117483,13119],{"class":66},[60,117485,117486],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117487,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117489,117490,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117491,15323],{"class":66},[60,117493,123],{"class":74},[60,117495,14545],{"class":126},[60,117497,130],{"class":74},[60,117499,3519],{"class":1402},[60,117501,136],{"class":74},[60,117503,117504],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117505,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117507,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117509,143],{"class":142},[60,117511,130],{"class":74},[60,117513,13128],{"class":126},[60,117515,2662],{"class":74},[60,117517,56681],{"class":4674},[60,117519,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117521,143],{"class":142},[60,117523,130],{"class":74},[60,117525,15323],{"class":126},[60,117527,2662],{"class":74},[60,117529,117530],{"class":4674},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,117532,117533],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[46,117535,117537],{"id":117536},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,117539,117540],{},"These three ideas are different.",[415,117542,117544],{"id":117543},"assignment","Assignment",[20,117546,117547],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[51,117549,117551],{"className":53,"code":117550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,117552,117553,117579,117587,117591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117554,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117556,13081],{"class":66},[60,117558,71],{"class":70},[60,117560,57274],{"class":74},[60,117562,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117564,88],{"class":74},[60,117566,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117568,19055],{"class":74},[60,117570,75],{"class":74},[60,117572,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117574,88],{"class":74},[60,117576,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117578,54222],{"class":74},[60,117580,117581,117583,117585],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117582,15095],{"class":66},[60,117584,71],{"class":70},[60,117586,13119],{"class":66},[60,117588,117589],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117590,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117592,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117594,143],{"class":142},[60,117596,130],{"class":74},[60,117598,13081],{"class":126},[60,117600,94],{"class":2665},[60,117602,15163],{"class":126},[60,117604,2662],{"class":74},[60,117606,4675],{"class":4674},[20,117608,117609],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[415,117611,117613],{"id":117612},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,117615,117616],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[51,117618,117620],{"className":53,"code":117619,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,117621,117622,117648,117662,117666,117683],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117623,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644,117646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117625,13081],{"class":66},[60,117627,71],{"class":70},[60,117629,57274],{"class":74},[60,117631,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117633,88],{"class":74},[60,117635,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117637,19055],{"class":74},[60,117639,75],{"class":74},[60,117641,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117643,88],{"class":74},[60,117645,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117647,54222],{"class":74},[60,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117651,116899],{"class":66},[60,117653,71],{"class":70},[60,117655,13156],{"class":66},[60,117657,123],{"class":74},[60,117659,13905],{"class":126},[60,117661,9640],{"class":74},[60,117663,117664],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117665,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117667,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117679,117681],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117669,143],{"class":142},[60,117671,130],{"class":74},[60,117673,13081],{"class":126},[60,117675,94],{"class":2665},[60,117677,117678],{"class":126}," shallow",[60,117680,2662],{"class":74},[60,117682,22195],{"class":4674},[60,117684,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117686,143],{"class":142},[60,117688,130],{"class":74},[60,117690,13128],{"class":126},[60,117692,353],{"class":74},[60,117694,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117696,14265],{"class":74},[60,117698,2773],{"class":2665},[60,117700,117678],{"class":126},[60,117702,353],{"class":74},[60,117704,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117706,21440],{"class":74},[60,117708,4675],{"class":4674},[415,117710,117712],{"id":117711},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,117714,117715],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[51,117717,117719],{"className":53,"code":117718,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,117720,117721,117727,117731,117757,117775,117779,117797],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117722,117723,117725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117724,36084],{"class":2665},[60,117726,116864],{"class":66},[60,117728,117729],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117730,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117732,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117734,13081],{"class":66},[60,117736,71],{"class":70},[60,117738,57274],{"class":74},[60,117740,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117742,88],{"class":74},[60,117744,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117746,19055],{"class":74},[60,117748,75],{"class":74},[60,117750,3079],{"class":1402},[60,117752,88],{"class":74},[60,117754,3471],{"class":1402},[60,117756,54222],{"class":74},[60,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117760,116919],{"class":66},[60,117762,71],{"class":70},[60,117764,116904],{"class":66},[60,117766,123],{"class":74},[60,117768,116928],{"class":126},[60,117770,130],{"class":74},[60,117772,13128],{"class":126},[60,117774,136],{"class":74},[60,117776,117777],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117778,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117780,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117792,117794],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117782,143],{"class":142},[60,117784,130],{"class":74},[60,117786,13081],{"class":126},[60,117788,94],{"class":2665},[60,117790,117791],{"class":126}," deep",[60,117793,2662],{"class":74},[60,117795,117796],{"class":4674},"         # False\n",[60,117798,117799,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819,117821],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117800,143],{"class":142},[60,117802,130],{"class":74},[60,117804,13128],{"class":126},[60,117806,353],{"class":74},[60,117808,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117810,14265],{"class":74},[60,117812,2773],{"class":2665},[60,117814,117791],{"class":126},[60,117816,353],{"class":74},[60,117818,3137],{"class":1402},[60,117820,21440],{"class":74},[60,117822,44853],{"class":4674},[46,117824,117826],{"id":117825},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,117828,117829,117830,3901],{},"These all make ",[4753,117831,117832],{},"shallow copies",[33,117834,117835,117839,117843,117848,117854],{},[36,117836,117837],{},[15,117838,56581],{},[36,117840,117841],{},[15,117842,13429],{},[36,117844,117845],{},[15,117846,117847],{},"set.copy()",[36,117849,117850,117851],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117852,117853],{},"my_list[:]",[36,117855,117856,117858,117859,36074],{},[15,117857,117006],{}," from the ",[15,117860,13905],{},[20,117862,3143],{},[51,117864,117866],{"className":53,"code":117865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117867,117868,117888,117892,117906,117917,117921,117933],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117871,4629],{"class":66},[60,117873,71],{"class":70},[60,117875,75],{"class":74},[60,117877,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117879,88],{"class":74},[60,117881,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117883,88],{"class":74},[60,117885,1442],{"class":1402},[60,117887,108],{"class":74},[60,117889,117890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,117891,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117893,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,117895,3569],{"class":66},[60,117897,71],{"class":70},[60,117899,5264],{"class":66},[60,117901,123],{"class":74},[60,117903,13905],{"class":126},[60,117905,9640],{"class":74},[60,117907,117908,117910,117912,117914],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,117909,3596],{"class":66},[60,117911,71],{"class":70},[60,117913,5264],{"class":66},[60,117915,117916],{"class":74},"[:]\n",[60,117918,117919],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,117920,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,117922,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,117924,143],{"class":142},[60,117926,130],{"class":74},[60,117928,551],{"class":126},[60,117930,2662],{"class":74},[60,117932,55912],{"class":4674},[60,117934,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,117936,143],{"class":142},[60,117938,130],{"class":74},[60,117940,2258],{"class":126},[60,117942,2662],{"class":74},[60,117944,55912],{"class":4674},[20,117946,74115,117947,48516,117951,123],{},[551,117948,117949,2887],{"href":55940},[15,117950,56581],{},[551,117952,117953,2887],{"href":13426},[15,117954,13429],{},[46,117956,117958],{"id":117957},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117960,117961],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[33,117963,117964,117967,117970],{},[36,117965,117966],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[36,117968,117969],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[36,117971,117972],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117974,117975],{},"Example with a flat list:",[51,117977,117979],{"className":53,"code":117978,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117980,117981,118001,118015,118019,118033,118037,118049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,117984,13081],{"class":66},[60,117986,71],{"class":70},[60,117988,75],{"class":74},[60,117990,1432],{"class":1402},[60,117992,88],{"class":74},[60,117994,1437],{"class":1402},[60,117996,88],{"class":74},[60,117998,1442],{"class":1402},[60,118000,108],{"class":74},[60,118002,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118004,15304],{"class":66},[60,118006,71],{"class":70},[60,118008,13156],{"class":66},[60,118010,123],{"class":74},[60,118012,13905],{"class":126},[60,118014,9640],{"class":74},[60,118016,118017],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118018,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118020,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118022,15323],{"class":66},[60,118024,123],{"class":74},[60,118026,14545],{"class":126},[60,118028,130],{"class":74},[60,118030,3519],{"class":1402},[60,118032,136],{"class":74},[60,118034,118035],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118036,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118038,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,118040,143],{"class":142},[60,118042,130],{"class":74},[60,118044,13128],{"class":126},[60,118046,2662],{"class":74},[60,118048,55912],{"class":4674},[60,118050,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,118052,143],{"class":142},[60,118054,130],{"class":74},[60,118056,15323],{"class":126},[60,118058,2662],{"class":74},[60,118060,117530],{"class":4674},[20,118062,118063],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,118065,118066,118067,123],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[551,118068,15881],{"href":58199},[46,118070,118072],{"id":118071},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,118074,118075],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[33,118077,118078,118081,118084],{},[36,118079,118080],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[36,118082,118083],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[36,118085,118086],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,118088,118089],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[51,118091,118093],{"className":53,"code":118092,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,118094,118095,118101,118105,118131,118145,118163,118167,118189,118193,118206,118219],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118096,118097,118099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118098,36084],{"class":2665},[60,118100,116864],{"class":66},[60,118102,118103],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118104,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118106,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118108,13081],{"class":66},[60,118110,71],{"class":70},[60,118112,11488],{"class":74},[60,118114,79],{"class":78},[60,118116,17382],{"class":82},[60,118118,79],{"class":78},[60,118120,3901],{"class":74},[60,118122,75],{"class":74},[60,118124,1345],{"class":1402},[60,118126,88],{"class":74},[60,118128,1407],{"class":1402},[60,118130,14698],{"class":74},[60,118132,118133,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118134,116899],{"class":66},[60,118136,71],{"class":70},[60,118138,13156],{"class":66},[60,118140,123],{"class":74},[60,118142,13905],{"class":126},[60,118144,9640],{"class":74},[60,118146,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159,118161],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118148,116919],{"class":66},[60,118150,71],{"class":70},[60,118152,116904],{"class":66},[60,118154,123],{"class":74},[60,118156,116928],{"class":126},[60,118158,130],{"class":74},[60,118160,13128],{"class":126},[60,118162,136],{"class":74},[60,118164,118165],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,118166,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118168,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,118170,13128],{"class":66},[60,118172,353],{"class":74},[60,118174,79],{"class":78},[60,118176,17382],{"class":82},[60,118178,79],{"class":78},[60,118180,14542],{"class":74},[60,118182,14545],{"class":126},[60,118184,130],{"class":74},[60,118186,1363],{"class":1402},[60,118188,136],{"class":74},[60,118190,118191],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,118192,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118194,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,118196,143],{"class":142},[60,118198,130],{"class":74},[60,118200,13128],{"class":126},[60,118202,2662],{"class":74},[60,118204,118205],{"class":4674},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,118207,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216],{"class":62,"line":7436},[60,118209,143],{"class":142},[60,118211,130],{"class":74},[60,118213,116982],{"class":126},[60,118215,2662],{"class":74},[60,118217,118218],{"class":4674},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[60,118220,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229],{"class":62,"line":12590},[60,118222,143],{"class":142},[60,118224,130],{"class":74},[60,118226,116996],{"class":126},[60,118228,2662],{"class":74},[60,118230,118231],{"class":4674},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,118233,118234],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[46,118236,118238],{"id":118237},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,118240,118241],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[33,118243,118244,118247,118250,118253],{},[36,118245,118246],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[36,118248,118249],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[36,118251,118252],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[36,118254,118255],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,118257,118258],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[51,118260,118262],{"className":53,"code":118261,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,118263,118264,118272,118280,118284,118292,118296,118308],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118265,118266,118268,118270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118267,3569],{"class":66},[60,118269,71],{"class":70},[60,118271,3601],{"class":1402},[60,118273,118274,118276,118278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118275,3596],{"class":66},[60,118277,71],{"class":70},[60,118279,37163],{"class":66},[60,118281,118282],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118283,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118285,118286,118288,118290],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118287,3596],{"class":66},[60,118289,71],{"class":70},[60,118291,15607],{"class":1402},[60,118293,118294],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118295,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118297,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,118299,143],{"class":142},[60,118301,130],{"class":74},[60,118303,551],{"class":126},[60,118305,2662],{"class":74},[60,118307,27788],{"class":4674},[60,118309,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,118311,143],{"class":142},[60,118313,130],{"class":74},[60,118315,2258],{"class":126},[60,118317,2662],{"class":74},[60,118319,28609],{"class":4674},[20,118321,94482,118322,118325],{},[551,118323,118324],{"href":13060},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[46,118327,3845],{"id":3844},[20,118329,118330],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[33,118332,118333,118337,118342,118347,118350],{},[36,118334,9413,118335,57764],{},[15,118336,71],{},[36,118338,9413,118339,118341],{},[15,118340,56581],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[36,118343,9413,118344,118346],{},[15,118345,13429],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[36,118348,118349],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[36,118351,118352],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,118354,118355],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[51,118357,118359],{"className":53,"code":118358,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,118360,118361,118375,118389,118411,118442],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118362,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118364,143],{"class":142},[60,118366,130],{"class":74},[60,118368,13081],{"class":126},[60,118370,94],{"class":2665},[60,118372,15377],{"class":126},[60,118374,136],{"class":74},[60,118376,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118378,143],{"class":142},[60,118380,130],{"class":74},[60,118382,13081],{"class":126},[60,118384,5690],{"class":70},[60,118386,15377],{"class":126},[60,118388,136],{"class":74},[60,118390,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118392,143],{"class":142},[60,118394,130],{"class":74},[60,118396,13644],{"class":142},[60,118398,130],{"class":74},[60,118400,13128],{"class":126},[60,118402,10231],{"class":74},[60,118404,15809],{"class":142},[60,118406,130],{"class":74},[60,118408,15323],{"class":126},[60,118410,1042],{"class":74},[60,118412,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118414,143],{"class":142},[60,118416,130],{"class":74},[60,118418,13644],{"class":142},[60,118420,130],{"class":74},[60,118422,13128],{"class":126},[60,118424,353],{"class":74},[60,118426,3137],{"class":1402},[60,118428,118429],{"class":74},"]),",[60,118431,15809],{"class":142},[60,118433,130],{"class":74},[60,118435,15323],{"class":126},[60,118437,353],{"class":74},[60,118439,3137],{"class":1402},[60,118441,2718],{"class":74},[60,118443,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118445,143],{"class":142},[60,118447,130],{"class":74},[60,118449,2629],{"class":1527},[60,118451,130],{"class":74},[60,118453,13128],{"class":126},[60,118455,1042],{"class":74},[20,118457,118458],{},"What they tell you:",[33,118460,118461,118466,118471,118476,118486],{},[36,118462,118463,118465],{},[15,118464,94],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[36,118467,118468,118470],{},[15,118469,5690],{}," checks whether values are equal",[36,118472,118473,118475],{},[15,118474,44469],{}," shows the identity of an object",[36,118477,118478,118479,2360,118482,118485],{},"comparing ",[15,118480,118481],{},"id(original[0])",[15,118483,118484],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[36,118487,118488,118490],{},[15,118489,3317],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[46,118492,2804],{"id":2803},[415,118494,118496],{"id":118495},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,118498,118499],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[415,118501,58249],{"id":58164},[20,118503,118504],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[415,118506,118508],{"id":118507},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,118510,118511],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[415,118513,118515],{"id":118514},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,118517,118518],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[415,118520,118522],{"id":118521},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,118524,118525],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[46,118527,2870],{"id":2869},[33,118529,118530,118535,118541,118547,118551],{},[36,118531,118532],{},[551,118533,118534],{"href":13060},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[36,118536,118537],{},[551,118538,163,118539,2887],{"href":55940},[15,118540,56581],{},[36,118542,118543],{},[551,118544,163,118545,2887],{"href":13426},[15,118546,13429],{},[36,118548,118549],{},[551,118550,15958],{"href":58199},[36,118552,118553],{},[551,118554,118555],{"href":59474},"What is a list in Python?",[2912,118557,118558],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":118560},[118561,118562,118563,118564,118565,118566,118571,118572,118573,118574,118575,118576,118583],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":117016,"depth":111,"text":117017},{"id":117037,"depth":111,"text":117038},{"id":117280,"depth":111,"text":117281},{"id":117420,"depth":111,"text":117421},{"id":117536,"depth":111,"text":117537,"children":118567},[118568,118569,118570],{"id":117543,"depth":139,"text":117544},{"id":117612,"depth":139,"text":117613},{"id":117711,"depth":139,"text":117712},{"id":117825,"depth":111,"text":117826},{"id":117957,"depth":111,"text":117958},{"id":118071,"depth":111,"text":118072},{"id":118237,"depth":111,"text":118238},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":118577},[118578,118579,118580,118581,118582],{"id":118495,"depth":139,"text":118496},{"id":58164,"depth":139,"text":58249},{"id":118507,"depth":139,"text":118508},{"id":118514,"depth":139,"text":118515},{"id":118521,"depth":139,"text":118522},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":116817,"description":118584},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":118590,"title":118591,"body":118592,"description":120449,"extension":2980,"meta":120450,"navigation":304,"path":120451,"seo":120452,"stem":120453,"__hash__":120454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":118593,"toc":120407},[118594,118599,118604,118612,118614,118682,118687,118692,118707,118710,118712,118743,118745,118765,118768,118783,118785,118788,118861,118863,118908,118910,118921,118926,118930,118935,118938,118977,118979,118999,119002,119059,119061,119096,119099,119138,119140,119160,119163,119194,119196,119252,119254,119259,119330,119332,119365,119370,119375,119440,119442,119479,119482,119559,119561,119621,119628,119633,119636,119639,119720,119722,119763,119768,119771,119849,119851,119884,119893,119900,119903,119914,119917,119928,119932,119940,119949,119953,119958,119962,119967,120010,120013,120019,120022,120024,120071,120076,120080,120083,120132,120134,120155,120158,120160,120185,120188,120309,120314,120316,120321,120324,120329,120332,120340,120345,120352,120355,120363,120366,120368,120404],[10,118595,163,118597,4591],{"id":118596},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,118598,75399],{},[20,118600,118601,118603],{},[15,118602,75399],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,118605,118606,118607,287,118609,118611],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,118608,78841],{},[15,118610,75399],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[46,118613,49],{"id":48},[51,118615,118617],{"className":53,"code":118616,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118618,118619,118639,118653,118657,118669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118620,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118622,4629],{"class":66},[60,118624,71],{"class":70},[60,118626,75],{"class":74},[60,118628,3079],{"class":1402},[60,118630,88],{"class":74},[60,118632,6499],{"class":1402},[60,118634,88],{"class":74},[60,118636,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118638,108],{"class":74},[60,118640,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118642,114],{"class":66},[60,118644,71],{"class":70},[60,118646,75533],{"class":142},[60,118648,130],{"class":74},[60,118650,4659],{"class":126},[60,118652,136],{"class":74},[60,118654,118655],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118656,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118658,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118660,143],{"class":142},[60,118662,130],{"class":74},[60,118664,148],{"class":126},[60,118666,2662],{"class":74},[60,118668,56668],{"class":4674},[60,118670,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118672,143],{"class":142},[60,118674,130],{"class":74},[60,118676,4659],{"class":126},[60,118678,2662],{"class":74},[60,118680,118681],{"class":4674},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,118683,118684,118686],{},[15,118685,75399],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[46,118688,178,118690,181],{"id":118689},"what-sorted-does",[15,118691,75399],{},[33,118693,118694,118698,118701,118704],{},[36,118695,118696,63901],{},[15,118697,75399],{},[36,118699,118700],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,118702,118703],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[36,118705,118706],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,118708,118709],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[46,118711,389],{"id":388},[51,118713,118715],{"className":53,"code":118714,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,118716,118717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118718,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118720,75489],{"class":142},[60,118722,130],{"class":74},[60,118724,411],{"class":126},[60,118726,88],{"class":74},[60,118728,22574],{"class":10173},[60,118730,71],{"class":70},[60,118732,1585],{"class":1611},[60,118734,88],{"class":74},[60,118736,79044],{"class":10173},[60,118738,71],{"class":70},[60,118740,4685],{"class":1611},[60,118742,136],{"class":74},[415,118744,18389],{"id":18388},[33,118746,118747,118752,118757],{},[36,118748,118749,118751],{},[15,118750,411],{},": the values to sort",[36,118753,118754,118756],{},[15,118755,15834],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[36,118758,118759,118761,118762,118764],{},[15,118760,74552],{},": set to ",[15,118763,4616],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,118766,118767],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[51,118769,118771],{"className":53,"code":118770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,118772,118773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118774,118775,118777,118779,118781],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118776,75489],{"class":142},[60,118778,130],{"class":74},[60,118780,61288],{"class":126},[60,118782,136],{"class":74},[46,118784,12470],{"id":12469},[20,118786,118787],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[51,118789,118791],{"className":53,"code":118790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118792,118793,118817,118821,118836,118840,118851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118794,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118796,4629],{"class":66},[60,118798,71],{"class":70},[60,118800,75],{"class":74},[60,118802,3154],{"class":1402},[60,118804,88],{"class":74},[60,118806,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118808,88],{"class":74},[60,118810,7358],{"class":1402},[60,118812,88],{"class":74},[60,118814,6499],{"class":1402},[60,118816,108],{"class":74},[60,118818,118819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118820,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118822,118823,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,118824,118825],{"class":66},"sorted_numbers ",[60,118827,71],{"class":70},[60,118829,75533],{"class":142},[60,118831,130],{"class":74},[60,118833,4659],{"class":126},[60,118835,136],{"class":74},[60,118837,118838],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,118839,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,118841,118842,118844,118846,118849],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,118843,143],{"class":142},[60,118845,130],{"class":74},[60,118847,118848],{"class":126},"sorted_numbers",[60,118850,136],{"class":74},[60,118852,118853,118855,118857,118859],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,118854,143],{"class":142},[60,118856,130],{"class":74},[60,118858,4659],{"class":126},[60,118860,136],{"class":74},[20,118862,153],{},[51,118864,118866],{"className":53,"code":118865,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118867,118868,118888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118871,353],{"class":74},[60,118873,1432],{"class":1402},[60,118875,88],{"class":74},[60,118877,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118879,88],{"class":74},[60,118881,5606],{"class":1402},[60,118883,88],{"class":74},[60,118885,7358],{"class":1402},[60,118887,108],{"class":74},[60,118889,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118891,353],{"class":74},[60,118893,3154],{"class":1402},[60,118895,88],{"class":74},[60,118897,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118899,88],{"class":74},[60,118901,7358],{"class":1402},[60,118903,88],{"class":74},[60,118905,6499],{"class":1402},[60,118907,108],{"class":74},[20,118909,14755],{},[33,118911,118912,118917],{},[36,118913,118914,118916],{},[15,118915,118848],{}," is a new sorted list",[36,118918,118919,113455],{},[15,118920,4659],{},[20,118922,118923,118924,123],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[551,118925,79351],{"href":79350},[46,118927,118929],{"id":118928},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118931,118932,118934],{},[15,118933,75399],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[415,118936,118937],{"id":9089},"List",[51,118939,118941],{"className":53,"code":118940,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118942,118943,118963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118944,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118946,4629],{"class":66},[60,118948,71],{"class":70},[60,118950,75],{"class":74},[60,118952,3079],{"class":1402},[60,118954,88],{"class":74},[60,118956,6499],{"class":1402},[60,118958,88],{"class":74},[60,118960,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118962,108],{"class":74},[60,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,118966,143],{"class":142},[60,118968,130],{"class":74},[60,118970,75489],{"class":142},[60,118972,130],{"class":74},[60,118974,4659],{"class":126},[60,118976,1042],{"class":74},[20,118978,153],{},[51,118980,118981],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,118982,118983],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,118984,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,118986,353],{"class":74},[60,118988,1432],{"class":1402},[60,118990,88],{"class":74},[60,118992,1437],{"class":1402},[60,118994,88],{"class":74},[60,118996,1442],{"class":1402},[60,118998,108],{"class":74},[415,119000,119001],{"id":49934},"Tuple",[51,119003,119005],{"className":53,"code":119004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,119006,119007,119027,119041],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119008,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119010,1336],{"class":66},[60,119012,71],{"class":70},[60,119014,1776],{"class":74},[60,119016,3079],{"class":1402},[60,119018,88],{"class":74},[60,119020,6499],{"class":1402},[60,119022,88],{"class":74},[60,119024,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119026,136],{"class":74},[60,119028,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119030,143],{"class":142},[60,119032,130],{"class":74},[60,119034,75489],{"class":142},[60,119036,130],{"class":74},[60,119038,1388],{"class":126},[60,119040,1042],{"class":74},[60,119042,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,119044,143],{"class":142},[60,119046,130],{"class":74},[60,119048,2629],{"class":1527},[60,119050,130],{"class":74},[60,119052,75489],{"class":142},[60,119054,130],{"class":74},[60,119056,1388],{"class":126},[60,119058,1992],{"class":74},[20,119060,153],{},[51,119062,119064],{"className":53,"code":119063,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119065,119066,119082],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119067,119068,119070,119072,119074,119076,119078,119080],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119069,353],{"class":74},[60,119071,1432],{"class":1402},[60,119073,88],{"class":74},[60,119075,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119077,88],{"class":74},[60,119079,1442],{"class":1402},[60,119081,108],{"class":74},[60,119083,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119085,4304],{"class":70},[60,119087,4307],{"class":3082},[60,119089,365],{"class":78},[60,119091,9089],{"class":82},[60,119093,356],{"class":78},[60,119095,4316],{"class":70},[415,119097,119098],{"id":7285},"Set",[51,119100,119102],{"className":53,"code":119101,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119103,119104,119124],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119105,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119107,1336],{"class":66},[60,119109,71],{"class":70},[60,119111,11488],{"class":74},[60,119113,3079],{"class":1402},[60,119115,88],{"class":74},[60,119117,6499],{"class":1402},[60,119119,88],{"class":74},[60,119121,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119123,10306],{"class":74},[60,119125,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119127,143],{"class":142},[60,119129,130],{"class":74},[60,119131,75489],{"class":142},[60,119133,130],{"class":74},[60,119135,1388],{"class":126},[60,119137,1042],{"class":74},[20,119139,153],{},[51,119141,119142],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,119143,119144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119145,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119147,353],{"class":74},[60,119149,1432],{"class":1402},[60,119151,88],{"class":74},[60,119153,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119155,88],{"class":74},[60,119157,1442],{"class":1402},[60,119159,108],{"class":74},[415,119161,119162],{"id":1179},"String",[51,119164,119166],{"className":53,"code":119165,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,119167,119168,119180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119171,35681],{"class":66},[60,119173,71],{"class":70},[60,119175,91],{"class":78},[60,119177,55],{"class":82},[60,119179,2389],{"class":78},[60,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119183,143],{"class":142},[60,119185,130],{"class":74},[60,119187,75489],{"class":142},[60,119189,130],{"class":74},[60,119191,35702],{"class":126},[60,119193,1042],{"class":74},[20,119195,153],{},[51,119197,119198],{"className":53,"code":80367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,119199,119200],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119203,353],{"class":74},[60,119205,356],{"class":78},[60,119207,803],{"class":82},[60,119209,356],{"class":78},[60,119211,88],{"class":74},[60,119213,365],{"class":78},[60,119215,821],{"class":82},[60,119217,356],{"class":78},[60,119219,88],{"class":74},[60,119221,365],{"class":78},[60,119223,812],{"class":82},[60,119225,356],{"class":78},[60,119227,88],{"class":74},[60,119229,365],{"class":78},[60,119231,20],{"class":82},[60,119233,356],{"class":78},[60,119235,88],{"class":74},[60,119237,365],{"class":78},[60,119239,794],{"class":82},[60,119241,356],{"class":78},[60,119243,88],{"class":74},[60,119245,365],{"class":78},[60,119247,785],{"class":82},[60,119249,356],{"class":78},[60,119251,108],{"class":74},[415,119253,30216],{"id":16598},[20,119255,64514,119256,119258],{},[15,119257,75399],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[51,119260,119262],{"className":53,"code":119261,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,119263,119264,119316],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119265,119266,119268,119270,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312,119314],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119267,14196],{"class":66},[60,119269,71],{"class":70},[60,119271,11488],{"class":74},[60,119273,79],{"class":78},[60,119275,8666],{"class":82},[60,119277,79],{"class":78},[60,119279,3901],{"class":74},[60,119281,91],{"class":78},[60,119283,463],{"class":82},[60,119285,79],{"class":78},[60,119287,88],{"class":74},[60,119289,91],{"class":78},[60,119291,10296],{"class":82},[60,119293,79],{"class":78},[60,119295,3901],{"class":74},[60,119297,1407],{"class":1402},[60,119299,88],{"class":74},[60,119301,91],{"class":78},[60,119303,11406],{"class":82},[60,119305,79],{"class":78},[60,119307,3901],{"class":74},[60,119309,91],{"class":78},[60,119311,17024],{"class":82},[60,119313,79],{"class":78},[60,119315,10306],{"class":74},[60,119317,119318,119320,119322,119324,119326,119328],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119319,143],{"class":142},[60,119321,130],{"class":74},[60,119323,75489],{"class":142},[60,119325,130],{"class":74},[60,119327,18301],{"class":126},[60,119329,1042],{"class":74},[20,119331,153],{},[51,119333,119335],{"className":53,"code":119334,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,119336,119337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119338,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119340,353],{"class":74},[60,119342,356],{"class":78},[60,119344,10296],{"class":82},[60,119346,356],{"class":78},[60,119348,88],{"class":74},[60,119350,365],{"class":78},[60,119352,11406],{"class":82},[60,119354,356],{"class":78},[60,119356,88],{"class":74},[60,119358,365],{"class":78},[60,119360,8666],{"class":82},[60,119362,356],{"class":78},[60,119364,108],{"class":74},[46,119366,9413,119368],{"id":119367},"using-reversetrue",[15,119369,79065],{},[20,119371,171,119372,119374],{},[15,119373,79065],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[51,119376,119378],{"className":53,"code":119377,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,119379,119380,119400,119404,119418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119381,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390,119392,119394,119396,119398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119383,4629],{"class":66},[60,119385,71],{"class":70},[60,119387,75],{"class":74},[60,119389,3079],{"class":1402},[60,119391,88],{"class":74},[60,119393,6499],{"class":1402},[60,119395,88],{"class":74},[60,119397,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119399,108],{"class":74},[60,119401,119402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119403,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,119405,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,119407,143],{"class":142},[60,119409,130],{"class":74},[60,119411,75489],{"class":142},[60,119413,130],{"class":74},[60,119415,4659],{"class":126},[60,119417,1042],{"class":74},[60,119419,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,119421,143],{"class":142},[60,119423,130],{"class":74},[60,119425,75489],{"class":142},[60,119427,130],{"class":74},[60,119429,4659],{"class":126},[60,119431,88],{"class":74},[60,119433,79044],{"class":10173},[60,119435,71],{"class":70},[60,119437,4616],{"class":1611},[60,119439,1042],{"class":74},[20,119441,153],{},[51,119443,119445],{"className":53,"code":119444,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119446,119447,119463],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119448,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119450,353],{"class":74},[60,119452,1432],{"class":1402},[60,119454,88],{"class":74},[60,119456,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119458,88],{"class":74},[60,119460,1442],{"class":1402},[60,119462,108],{"class":74},[60,119464,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475,119477],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119466,353],{"class":74},[60,119468,3079],{"class":1402},[60,119470,88],{"class":74},[60,119472,1437],{"class":1402},[60,119474,88],{"class":74},[60,119476,6499],{"class":1402},[60,119478,108],{"class":74},[20,119480,119481],{},"This also works with strings:",[51,119483,119485],{"className":53,"code":119484,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,119486,119487,119519,119523,119537],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119488,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497,119499,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513,119515,119517],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119490,67],{"class":66},[60,119492,71],{"class":70},[60,119494,75],{"class":74},[60,119496,79],{"class":78},[60,119498,1604],{"class":82},[60,119500,79],{"class":78},[60,119502,88],{"class":74},[60,119504,91],{"class":78},[60,119506,1619],{"class":82},[60,119508,79],{"class":78},[60,119510,88],{"class":74},[60,119512,91],{"class":78},[60,119514,5098],{"class":82},[60,119516,79],{"class":78},[60,119518,108],{"class":74},[60,119520,119521],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119522,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,119524,119525,119527,119529,119531,119533,119535],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,119526,143],{"class":142},[60,119528,130],{"class":74},[60,119530,75489],{"class":142},[60,119532,130],{"class":74},[60,119534,133],{"class":126},[60,119536,1042],{"class":74},[60,119538,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,119540,143],{"class":142},[60,119542,130],{"class":74},[60,119544,75489],{"class":142},[60,119546,130],{"class":74},[60,119548,133],{"class":126},[60,119550,88],{"class":74},[60,119552,79044],{"class":10173},[60,119554,71],{"class":70},[60,119556,4616],{"class":1611},[60,119558,1042],{"class":74},[20,119560,153],{},[51,119562,119563],{"className":53,"code":75133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,119564,119565,119593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119566,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119568,353],{"class":74},[60,119570,356],{"class":78},[60,119572,1604],{"class":82},[60,119574,356],{"class":78},[60,119576,88],{"class":74},[60,119578,365],{"class":78},[60,119580,1619],{"class":82},[60,119582,356],{"class":78},[60,119584,88],{"class":74},[60,119586,365],{"class":78},[60,119588,5098],{"class":82},[60,119590,356],{"class":78},[60,119592,108],{"class":74},[60,119594,119595,119597,119599,119601,119603,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617,119619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119596,353],{"class":74},[60,119598,356],{"class":78},[60,119600,5098],{"class":82},[60,119602,356],{"class":78},[60,119604,88],{"class":74},[60,119606,365],{"class":78},[60,119608,1619],{"class":82},[60,119610,356],{"class":78},[60,119612,88],{"class":74},[60,119614,365],{"class":78},[60,119616,1604],{"class":82},[60,119618,356],{"class":78},[60,119620,108],{"class":74},[46,119622,9413,119624,119627],{"id":119623},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,119625,119626],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,119629,2997,119630,119632],{},[15,119631,119626],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,119634,119635],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,119637,119638],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[51,119640,119642],{"className":53,"code":119641,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119643,119644,119684,119688,119710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119645,119646,119648,119650,119652,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119647,67],{"class":66},[60,119649,71],{"class":70},[60,119651,75],{"class":74},[60,119653,79],{"class":78},[60,119655,79718],{"class":82},[60,119657,79],{"class":78},[60,119659,88],{"class":74},[60,119661,91],{"class":78},[60,119663,39346],{"class":82},[60,119665,79],{"class":78},[60,119667,88],{"class":74},[60,119669,91],{"class":78},[60,119671,1619],{"class":82},[60,119673,79],{"class":78},[60,119675,88],{"class":74},[60,119677,91],{"class":78},[60,119679,39329],{"class":82},[60,119681,79],{"class":78},[60,119683,108],{"class":74},[60,119685,119686],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119687,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,119689,119690,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,119691,114],{"class":66},[60,119693,71],{"class":70},[60,119695,75533],{"class":142},[60,119697,130],{"class":74},[60,119699,133],{"class":126},[60,119701,88],{"class":74},[60,119703,22574],{"class":10173},[60,119705,71],{"class":70},[60,119707,12157],{"class":142},[60,119709,136],{"class":74},[60,119711,119712,119714,119716,119718],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,119713,143],{"class":142},[60,119715,130],{"class":74},[60,119717,148],{"class":126},[60,119719,136],{"class":74},[20,119721,153],{},[51,119723,119725],{"className":53,"code":119724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,119726,119727],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119728,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759,119761],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119730,353],{"class":74},[60,119732,356],{"class":78},[60,119734,39346],{"class":82},[60,119736,356],{"class":78},[60,119738,88],{"class":74},[60,119740,365],{"class":78},[60,119742,79718],{"class":82},[60,119744,356],{"class":78},[60,119746,88],{"class":74},[60,119748,365],{"class":78},[60,119750,39329],{"class":82},[60,119752,356],{"class":78},[60,119754,88],{"class":74},[60,119756,365],{"class":78},[60,119758,1619],{"class":82},[60,119760,356],{"class":78},[60,119762,108],{"class":74},[20,119764,21765,119765,119767],{},[15,119766,12157],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,119769,119770],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[51,119772,119774],{"className":53,"code":119773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,119775,119776,119809,119813,119839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119777,119778,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119805,119807],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119779,67],{"class":66},[60,119781,71],{"class":70},[60,119783,75],{"class":74},[60,119785,79],{"class":78},[60,119787,84336],{"class":82},[60,119789,79],{"class":78},[60,119791,88],{"class":74},[60,119793,91],{"class":78},[60,119795,1604],{"class":82},[60,119797,79],{"class":78},[60,119799,88],{"class":74},[60,119801,91],{"class":78},[60,119803,119804],{"class":82},"Cherry",[60,119806,79],{"class":78},[60,119808,108],{"class":74},[60,119810,119811],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119812,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,119814,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,119816,114],{"class":66},[60,119818,71],{"class":70},[60,119820,75533],{"class":142},[60,119822,130],{"class":74},[60,119824,133],{"class":126},[60,119826,88],{"class":74},[60,119828,22574],{"class":10173},[60,119830,71],{"class":70},[60,119832,1528],{"class":1527},[60,119834,123],{"class":74},[60,119836,9637],{"class":25743},[60,119838,136],{"class":74},[60,119840,119841,119843,119845,119847],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,119842,143],{"class":142},[60,119844,130],{"class":74},[60,119846,148],{"class":126},[60,119848,136],{"class":74},[20,119850,153],{},[51,119852,119854],{"className":53,"code":119853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119855,119856],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119859,353],{"class":74},[60,119861,356],{"class":78},[60,119863,1604],{"class":82},[60,119865,356],{"class":78},[60,119867,88],{"class":74},[60,119869,365],{"class":78},[60,119871,84336],{"class":82},[60,119873,356],{"class":78},[60,119875,88],{"class":74},[60,119877,365],{"class":78},[60,119879,119804],{"class":82},[60,119881,356],{"class":78},[60,119883,108],{"class":74},[20,119885,119886,119887,36323,119889,123],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119888,43346],{},[551,119890,163,119891,1579],{"href":43343},[15,119892,43346],{},[46,119894,119896,11583,119898],{"id":119895},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119897,75399],{},[15,119899,78841],{},[20,119901,119902],{},"The main difference is this:",[33,119904,119905,119910],{},[36,119906,119907,119909],{},[15,119908,75399],{}," returns a new list",[36,119911,119912,74937],{},[15,119913,78841],{},[20,119915,119916],{},"Also:",[33,119918,119919,119924],{},[36,119920,119921,119923],{},[15,119922,75399],{}," works with many iterables",[36,119925,119926,80273],{},[15,119927,78841],{},[20,119929,171,119930,11598],{},[15,119931,75399],{},[33,119933,119934,119937],{},[36,119935,119936],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[36,119938,119939],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119941,119942,119943,123],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[551,119944,163,119945,11583,119947,6785],{"href":80099},[15,119946,75399],{},[15,119948,78841],{},[46,119950,119952],{"id":119951},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119954,119955,119956,123],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119957,75399],{},[415,119959,119961],{"id":119960},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119963,119964,119965,3901],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119966,1472],{},[51,119968,119970],{"className":53,"code":119969,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119971,119972,119996],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,119973,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,119975,1336],{"class":66},[60,119977,71],{"class":70},[60,119979,75],{"class":74},[60,119981,1432],{"class":1402},[60,119983,88],{"class":74},[60,119985,91],{"class":78},[60,119987,1925],{"class":82},[60,119989,79],{"class":78},[60,119991,88],{"class":74},[60,119993,1442],{"class":1402},[60,119995,108],{"class":74},[60,119997,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,119999,143],{"class":142},[60,120001,130],{"class":74},[60,120003,75489],{"class":142},[60,120005,130],{"class":74},[60,120007,1388],{"class":126},[60,120009,1042],{"class":74},[20,120011,120012],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[415,120014,120016,120017,3318],{"id":120015},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,120018,15834],{},[20,120020,120021],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,120023,236],{},[51,120025,120027],{"className":53,"code":120026,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,120028,120029,120049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120030,120031,120033,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120032,4629],{"class":66},[60,120034,71],{"class":70},[60,120036,75],{"class":74},[60,120038,1345],{"class":1402},[60,120040,88],{"class":74},[60,120042,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120044,88],{"class":74},[60,120046,8791],{"class":1402},[60,120048,108],{"class":74},[60,120050,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120052,143],{"class":142},[60,120054,130],{"class":74},[60,120056,75489],{"class":142},[60,120058,130],{"class":74},[60,120060,4659],{"class":126},[60,120062,88],{"class":74},[60,120064,22574],{"class":10173},[60,120066,71],{"class":70},[60,120068,12157],{"class":142},[60,120070,1042],{"class":74},[20,120072,1922,120073,120075],{},[15,120074,43346],{}," does not work on integers.",[415,120077,120079],{"id":120078},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,120081,120082],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[51,120084,120086],{"className":53,"code":120085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120087,120088,120108,120118,120122],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120089,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120091,4629],{"class":66},[60,120093,71],{"class":70},[60,120095,75],{"class":74},[60,120097,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120099,88],{"class":74},[60,120101,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120103,88],{"class":74},[60,120105,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120107,108],{"class":74},[60,120109,120110,120112,120114,120116],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120111,75489],{"class":142},[60,120113,130],{"class":74},[60,120115,4659],{"class":126},[60,120117,136],{"class":74},[60,120119,120120],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120121,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120123,120124,120126,120128,120130],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,120125,143],{"class":142},[60,120127,130],{"class":74},[60,120129,4659],{"class":126},[60,120131,136],{"class":74},[20,120133,153],{},[51,120135,120137],{"className":53,"code":120136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,120138,120139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120140,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120142,353],{"class":74},[60,120144,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120146,88],{"class":74},[60,120148,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120150,88],{"class":74},[60,120152,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120154,108],{"class":74},[20,120156,120157],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[46,120159,3845],{"id":3844},[33,120161,120162,120166,120169,120174,120178],{},[36,120163,5580,120164,74937],{},[15,120165,75399],{},[36,120167,120168],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[36,120170,5706,120171,120173],{},[15,120172,75399],{}," always returns a list",[36,120175,9413,120176,24097],{},[15,120177,119626],{},[36,120179,30643,120180,120182,120183],{},[15,120181,65286],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,120184,75399],{},[20,120186,120187],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[51,120189,120191],{"className":53,"code":120190,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,120192,120193,120215,120241,120279],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120194,120195,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120196,143],{"class":142},[60,120198,130],{"class":74},[60,120200,75489],{"class":142},[60,120202,2652],{"class":74},[60,120204,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120206,88],{"class":74},[60,120208,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120210,88],{"class":74},[60,120212,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120214,2718],{"class":74},[60,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120218,143],{"class":142},[60,120220,130],{"class":74},[60,120222,2629],{"class":1527},[60,120224,130],{"class":74},[60,120226,75489],{"class":142},[60,120228,6512],{"class":74},[60,120230,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120232,88],{"class":74},[60,120234,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120236,88],{"class":74},[60,120238,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120240,94338],{"class":74},[60,120242,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120244,143],{"class":142},[60,120246,130],{"class":74},[60,120248,75489],{"class":142},[60,120250,2652],{"class":74},[60,120252,356],{"class":78},[60,120254,84336],{"class":82},[60,120256,356],{"class":78},[60,120258,88],{"class":74},[60,120260,365],{"class":78},[60,120262,1604],{"class":82},[60,120264,356],{"class":78},[60,120266,19055],{"class":74},[60,120268,22574],{"class":10173},[60,120270,71],{"class":70},[60,120272,1528],{"class":1527},[60,120274,123],{"class":74},[60,120276,9637],{"class":25743},[60,120278,1042],{"class":74},[60,120280,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,120282,143],{"class":142},[60,120284,130],{"class":74},[60,120286,75489],{"class":142},[60,120288,2652],{"class":74},[60,120290,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120292,88],{"class":74},[60,120294,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120296,88],{"class":74},[60,120298,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120300,19055],{"class":74},[60,120302,79044],{"class":10173},[60,120304,71],{"class":70},[60,120306,4616],{"class":1611},[60,120308,1042],{"class":74},[20,120310,120311,120312,123],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[551,120313,53751],{"href":51958},[46,120315,2804],{"id":2803},[415,120317,2808,120319,2826],{"id":120318},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,120320,75399],{},[20,120322,120323],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[415,120325,2846,120327,13710],{"id":120326},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,120328,75399],{},[20,120330,120331],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[415,120333,120335,120336,2600,120338,2863],{"id":120334},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,120337,75399],{},[15,120339,78841],{},[20,120341,171,120342,120344],{},[15,120343,75399],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[415,120346,2846,120348,87424,120350,2863],{"id":120347},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,120349,119626],{},[15,120351,75399],{},[20,120353,120354],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[415,120356,6158,120358,120360,120361,2863],{"id":120357},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,120359,75399],{}," give a ",[15,120362,1472],{},[20,120364,120365],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[46,120367,2870],{"id":2869},[33,120369,120370,120374,120382,120386,120392,120398],{},[36,120371,120372],{},[551,120373,80846],{"href":79350},[36,120375,120376],{},[551,120377,163,120378,11583,120380,6785],{"href":80099},[15,120379,75399],{},[15,120381,78841],{},[36,120383,120384],{},[551,120385,53751],{"href":51958},[36,120387,120388],{},[551,120389,163,120390,1579],{"href":43343},[15,120391,43346],{},[36,120393,120394],{},[551,120395,163,120396,1579],{"href":92994},[15,120397,36743],{},[36,120399,120400],{},[551,120401,163,120402,1579],{"href":37183},[15,120403,37186],{},[2912,120405,120406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":120408},[120409,120410,120412,120415,120416,120423,120425,120427,120429,120435,120436,120448],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":118689,"depth":111,"text":120411},"What sorted() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":120413},[120414],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":118928,"depth":111,"text":118929,"children":120417},[120418,120419,120420,120421,120422],{"id":9089,"depth":139,"text":118937},{"id":49934,"depth":139,"text":119001},{"id":7285,"depth":139,"text":119098},{"id":1179,"depth":139,"text":119162},{"id":16598,"depth":139,"text":30216},{"id":119367,"depth":111,"text":120424},"Using reverse=True",{"id":119623,"depth":111,"text":120426},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119895,"depth":111,"text":120428},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119951,"depth":111,"text":119952,"children":120430},[120431,120432,120434],{"id":119960,"depth":139,"text":119961},{"id":120015,"depth":139,"text":120433},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":120078,"depth":139,"text":120079},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":120437},[120438,120440,120442,120444,120446],{"id":120318,"depth":139,"text":120439},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":120326,"depth":139,"text":120441},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":120334,"depth":139,"text":120443},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":120347,"depth":139,"text":120445},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":120357,"depth":139,"text":120447},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":118591,"description":120449},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":120456,"title":120457,"body":120458,"description":122569,"extension":2980,"meta":122570,"navigation":304,"path":80099,"seo":122571,"stem":122572,"__hash__":122573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":120459,"toc":122516},[120460,120467,120470,120480,120486,120489,120507,120515,120517,120576,120584,120588,120610,120614,120618,120620,120637,120639,120651,120657,120741,120745,120792,120798,120805,120809,120814,120816,120828,120833,120886,120890,120910,120917,120924,120928,120931,120950,120954,121068,121072,121142,121144,121156,121161,121165,121178,121182,121257,121261,121300,121307,121313,121318,121322,121336,121340,121405,121409,121442,121445,121450,121458,121465,121478,121481,121485,121568,121572,121609,121613,121716,121720,121781,121786,121793,121797,121800,121806,121809,121876,121880,121904,121906,121924,121931,121984,121988,122008,122014,122016,122073,122080,122106,122111,122116,122124,122130,122190,122194,122241,122244,122246,122249,122275,122278,122371,122373,122393,122397,122400,122418,122424,122426,122434,122439,122446,122449,122455,122458,122464,122472,122480,122485,122487,122513],[10,120461,163,120463,11583,120465,94052],{"id":120462},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,120464,75399],{},[15,120466,78841],{},[20,120468,120469],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[33,120471,120472,120476],{},[36,120473,120474],{},[15,120475,75399],{},[36,120477,120478],{},[15,120479,78841],{},[20,120481,120482,120483,120485],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[4753,120484,5632],{}," behave the same way.",[20,120487,120488],{},"The main difference is simple:",[33,120490,120491,120499],{},[36,120492,171,120493,120495,120496],{},[15,120494,75399],{}," when you want a ",[4753,120497,120498],{},"new sorted result",[36,120500,171,120501,120503,120504],{},[15,120502,78841],{}," when you want to ",[4753,120505,120506],{},"change the original list",[20,120508,120509,120510,3412,120512,120514],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,120511,78841],{},[15,120513,1585],{}," and causes confusion.",[46,120516,49],{"id":48},[51,120518,120520],{"className":53,"code":120519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,120521,120522,120542,120546,120563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120523,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120525,4629],{"class":66},[60,120527,71],{"class":70},[60,120529,75],{"class":74},[60,120531,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120533,88],{"class":74},[60,120535,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120537,88],{"class":74},[60,120539,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120541,108],{"class":74},[60,120543,120544],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120545,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120549,56870],{"class":66},[60,120551,71],{"class":70},[60,120553,75533],{"class":142},[60,120555,130],{"class":74},[60,120557,4659],{"class":126},[60,120559,2662],{"class":74},[60,120561,120562],{"class":4674},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[60,120564,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,120566,4659],{"class":66},[60,120568,123],{"class":74},[60,120570,35793],{"class":126},[60,120572,8363],{"class":74},[60,120574,120575],{"class":4674},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,120577,171,120578,120580,120581,120583],{},[15,120579,75399],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,120582,78841],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[46,120585,120587],{"id":120586},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[33,120589,120590,120595,120600,120607],{},[36,120591,171,120592,120594],{},[15,120593,75399],{}," to get a new sorted list",[36,120596,171,120597,120599],{},[15,120598,78841],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[36,120601,120602,120603,3412,120605],{},"Understand why ",[15,120604,78841],{},[15,120606,1585],{},[36,120608,120609],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[46,120611,178,120612,181],{"id":118689},[15,120613,75399],{},[20,120615,120616,63901],{},[15,120617,75399],{},[20,120619,49908],{},[33,120621,120622,120628,120634],{},[36,120623,120624,120625],{},"returns a ",[4753,120626,120627],{},"new list",[36,120629,120630,120631,120633],{},"does ",[4753,120632,5632],{}," change the original data",[36,120635,120636],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,120638,52112],{},[33,120640,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649],{},[36,120642,6301],{},[36,120644,6304],{},[36,120646,6310],{},[36,120648,6307],{},[36,120650,36902],{},[415,120652,36071,120654,120656],{"id":120653},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,120655,75399],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[51,120658,120660],{"className":53,"code":120659,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,120661,120662,120682,120686,120700,120704,120722],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120663,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120665,4629],{"class":66},[60,120667,71],{"class":70},[60,120669,75],{"class":74},[60,120671,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120673,88],{"class":74},[60,120675,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120677,88],{"class":74},[60,120679,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120681,108],{"class":74},[60,120683,120684],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120685,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120689,114],{"class":66},[60,120691,71],{"class":70},[60,120693,75533],{"class":142},[60,120695,130],{"class":74},[60,120697,4659],{"class":126},[60,120699,136],{"class":74},[60,120701,120702],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,120703,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,120707,143],{"class":142},[60,120709,130],{"class":74},[60,120711,79],{"class":78},[60,120713,13149],{"class":82},[60,120715,79],{"class":78},[60,120717,88],{"class":74},[60,120719,5264],{"class":126},[60,120721,136],{"class":74},[60,120723,120724,120726,120728,120730,120733,120735,120737,120739],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,120725,143],{"class":142},[60,120727,130],{"class":74},[60,120729,79],{"class":78},[60,120731,120732],{"class":82},"sorted result:",[60,120734,79],{"class":78},[60,120736,88],{"class":74},[60,120738,82190],{"class":126},[60,120740,136],{"class":74},[20,120742,120743],{},[4753,120744,153],{},[51,120746,120748],{"className":53,"code":120747,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,120749,120750,120770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120751,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120753,13128],{"class":66},[60,120755,3901],{"class":74},[60,120757,75],{"class":74},[60,120759,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120761,88],{"class":74},[60,120763,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120765,88],{"class":74},[60,120767,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120769,108],{"class":74},[60,120771,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782,120784,120786,120788,120790],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120773,75489],{"class":142},[60,120775,82190],{"class":66},[60,120777,3901],{"class":74},[60,120779,75],{"class":74},[60,120781,1432],{"class":1402},[60,120783,88],{"class":74},[60,120785,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120787,88],{"class":74},[60,120789,1442],{"class":1402},[60,120791,108],{"class":74},[20,120793,120794,120795,120797],{},"The important part is that ",[15,120796,4659],{}," stays the same.",[20,120799,120800,120801,123],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[551,120802,163,120803,1579],{"href":75496},[15,120804,75399],{},[46,120806,178,120807,181],{"id":78907},[15,120808,78841],{},[20,120810,120811,120813],{},[15,120812,65286],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,120815,49908],{},[33,120817,120818,120821,120824],{},[36,120819,120820],{},"changes the original list directly",[36,120822,120823],{},"only works on lists",[36,120825,4702,120826],{},[15,120827,1585],{},[415,120829,36071,120831,74937],{"id":120830},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,120832,78841],{},[51,120834,120836],{"className":53,"code":120835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120837,120838,120858,120862,120872,120876],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120839,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120841,4629],{"class":66},[60,120843,71],{"class":70},[60,120845,75],{"class":74},[60,120847,3079],{"class":1402},[60,120849,88],{"class":74},[60,120851,6499],{"class":1402},[60,120853,88],{"class":74},[60,120855,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120857,108],{"class":74},[60,120859,120860],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120861,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120863,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120865,4659],{"class":66},[60,120867,123],{"class":74},[60,120869,35793],{"class":126},[60,120871,9640],{"class":74},[60,120873,120874],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,120875,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,120879,143],{"class":142},[60,120881,130],{"class":74},[60,120883,4659],{"class":126},[60,120885,136],{"class":74},[20,120887,120888],{},[4753,120889,153],{},[51,120891,120892],{"className":53,"code":56130,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,120893,120894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120895,120896,120898,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120897,353],{"class":74},[60,120899,1432],{"class":1402},[60,120901,88],{"class":74},[60,120903,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120905,88],{"class":74},[60,120907,1442],{"class":1402},[60,120909,108],{"class":74},[20,120911,120912,120913,120916],{},"After calling ",[15,120914,120915],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120918,120919,120920,123],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[551,120921,163,120922,2887],{"href":75750},[15,120923,78841],{},[46,120925,120927],{"id":120926},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120929,120930],{},"Here is the core difference:",[33,120932,120933,120942],{},[36,120934,120935,120938,120939],{},[15,120936,120937],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[4753,120940,120941],{},"new sorted list",[36,120943,120944,120947,120948,75307],{},[15,120945,120946],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120949,9334],{},[415,120951,120953],{"id":120952},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[51,120955,120957],{"className":53,"code":120956,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120958,120959,120979,120983,120997,121016,121035,121039,121049],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,120960,120961,120963,120965,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,120962,4629],{"class":66},[60,120964,71],{"class":70},[60,120966,75],{"class":74},[60,120968,3154],{"class":1402},[60,120970,88],{"class":74},[60,120972,1437],{"class":1402},[60,120974,88],{"class":74},[60,120976,3471],{"class":1402},[60,120978,108],{"class":74},[60,120980,120981],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,120982,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,120984,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,120986,3569],{"class":66},[60,120988,71],{"class":70},[60,120990,75533],{"class":142},[60,120992,130],{"class":74},[60,120994,4659],{"class":126},[60,120996,136],{"class":74},[60,120998,120999,121001,121003,121005,121008,121010,121012,121014],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121000,143],{"class":142},[60,121002,130],{"class":74},[60,121004,79],{"class":78},[60,121006,121007],{"class":82},"numbers after sorted():",[60,121009,79],{"class":78},[60,121011,88],{"class":74},[60,121013,5264],{"class":126},[60,121015,136],{"class":74},[60,121017,121018,121020,121022,121024,121027,121029,121031,121033],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121019,143],{"class":142},[60,121021,130],{"class":74},[60,121023,79],{"class":78},[60,121025,121026],{"class":82},"a:",[60,121028,79],{"class":78},[60,121030,88],{"class":74},[60,121032,57868],{"class":126},[60,121034,136],{"class":74},[60,121036,121037],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,121038,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121040,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,121042,4659],{"class":66},[60,121044,123],{"class":74},[60,121046,35793],{"class":126},[60,121048,9640],{"class":74},[60,121050,121051,121053,121055,121057,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,121052,143],{"class":142},[60,121054,130],{"class":74},[60,121056,79],{"class":78},[60,121058,121059],{"class":82},"numbers after sort():",[60,121061,79],{"class":78},[60,121063,88],{"class":74},[60,121065,5264],{"class":126},[60,121067,136],{"class":74},[20,121069,121070],{},[4753,121071,153],{},[51,121073,121075],{"className":53,"code":121074,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,121076,121077,121100,121120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121078,121079,121082,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121080,121081],{"class":66},"numbers after ",[60,121083,75489],{"class":142},[60,121085,30577],{"class":74},[60,121087,75],{"class":74},[60,121089,3154],{"class":1402},[60,121091,88],{"class":74},[60,121093,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121095,88],{"class":74},[60,121097,3471],{"class":1402},[60,121099,108],{"class":74},[60,121101,121102,121104,121106,121108,121110,121112,121114,121116,121118],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121103,551],{"class":66},[60,121105,3901],{"class":74},[60,121107,75],{"class":74},[60,121109,1925],{"class":1402},[60,121111,88],{"class":74},[60,121113,3471],{"class":1402},[60,121115,88],{"class":74},[60,121117,5606],{"class":1402},[60,121119,108],{"class":74},[60,121121,121122,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121123,121081],{"class":66},[60,121125,35793],{"class":126},[60,121127,30577],{"class":74},[60,121129,75],{"class":74},[60,121131,1925],{"class":1402},[60,121133,88],{"class":74},[60,121135,3471],{"class":1402},[60,121137,88],{"class":74},[60,121139,5606],{"class":1402},[60,121141,108],{"class":74},[20,121143,11710],{},[33,121145,121146,121151],{},[36,121147,121148,121150],{},[15,121149,75399],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[36,121152,121153,121155],{},[15,121154,65286],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[46,121157,5963,121159],{"id":121158},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,121160,75399],{},[20,121162,171,121163,11598],{},[15,121164,75399],{},[33,121166,121167,121170,121172,121175],{},[36,121168,121169],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[36,121171,119939],{},[36,121173,121174],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[36,121176,121177],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[415,121179,121181],{"id":121180},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[51,121183,121185],{"className":53,"code":121184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121186,121187,121211,121215,121229,121233,121243],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121188,121189,121191,121193,121195,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207,121209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121190,4629],{"class":66},[60,121192,71],{"class":70},[60,121194,1776],{"class":74},[60,121196,3519],{"class":1402},[60,121198,88],{"class":74},[60,121200,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121202,88],{"class":74},[60,121204,1442],{"class":1402},[60,121206,88],{"class":74},[60,121208,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121210,136],{"class":74},[60,121212,121213],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121214,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121216,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121218,114],{"class":66},[60,121220,71],{"class":70},[60,121222,75533],{"class":142},[60,121224,130],{"class":74},[60,121226,4659],{"class":126},[60,121228,136],{"class":74},[60,121230,121231],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121232,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121234,121235,121237,121239,121241],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121236,143],{"class":142},[60,121238,130],{"class":74},[60,121240,148],{"class":126},[60,121242,136],{"class":74},[60,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,121246,143],{"class":142},[60,121248,130],{"class":74},[60,121250,2629],{"class":1527},[60,121252,130],{"class":74},[60,121254,148],{"class":126},[60,121256,1042],{"class":74},[20,121258,121259],{},[4753,121260,153],{},[51,121262,121264],{"className":53,"code":121263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121265,121266,121286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121267,121268,121270,121272,121274,121276,121278,121280,121282,121284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121269,353],{"class":74},[60,121271,1432],{"class":1402},[60,121273,88],{"class":74},[60,121275,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121277,88],{"class":74},[60,121279,1442],{"class":1402},[60,121281,88],{"class":74},[60,121283,3471],{"class":1402},[60,121285,108],{"class":74},[60,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121289,4304],{"class":70},[60,121291,4307],{"class":3082},[60,121293,365],{"class":78},[60,121295,9089],{"class":82},[60,121297,356],{"class":78},[60,121299,4316],{"class":70},[20,121301,3301,121302,121304,121305,123],{},[15,121303,75399],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[4753,121306,9089],{},[20,121308,121309,121310,121312],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[551,121311,53751],{"href":51958}," is a helpful next step.",[46,121314,5963,121316],{"id":121315},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,121317,78841],{},[20,121319,171,121320,11598],{},[15,121321,78841],{},[33,121323,121324,121327,121330,121333],{},[36,121325,121326],{},"you already have a list",[36,121328,121329],{},"you want to update that list directly",[36,121331,121332],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[36,121334,121335],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[415,121337,121339],{"id":121338},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[51,121341,121343],{"className":53,"code":121342,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,121344,121345,121377,121381,121391,121395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121346,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373,121375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121348,454],{"class":66},[60,121350,71],{"class":70},[60,121352,75],{"class":74},[60,121354,79],{"class":78},[60,121356,6023],{"class":82},[60,121358,79],{"class":78},[60,121360,88],{"class":74},[60,121362,91],{"class":78},[60,121364,6005],{"class":82},[60,121366,79],{"class":78},[60,121368,88],{"class":74},[60,121370,91],{"class":78},[60,121372,6014],{"class":82},[60,121374,79],{"class":78},[60,121376,108],{"class":74},[60,121378,121379],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121380,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121382,121383,121385,121387,121389],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121384,507],{"class":66},[60,121386,123],{"class":74},[60,121388,35793],{"class":126},[60,121390,9640],{"class":74},[60,121392,121393],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121394,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121396,121397,121399,121401,121403],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121398,143],{"class":142},[60,121400,130],{"class":74},[60,121402,507],{"class":126},[60,121404,136],{"class":74},[20,121406,121407],{},[4753,121408,153],{},[51,121410,121412],{"className":53,"code":121411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,121413,121414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121415,121416,121418,121420,121422,121424,121426,121428,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121417,353],{"class":74},[60,121419,356],{"class":78},[60,121421,6005],{"class":82},[60,121423,356],{"class":78},[60,121425,88],{"class":74},[60,121427,365],{"class":78},[60,121429,6014],{"class":82},[60,121431,356],{"class":78},[60,121433,88],{"class":74},[60,121435,365],{"class":78},[60,121437,6023],{"class":82},[60,121439,356],{"class":78},[60,121441,108],{"class":74},[20,121443,121444],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,121446,121447,121448,123],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[551,121449,80846],{"href":79350},[46,121451,121453,2360,121455,121457],{"id":121452},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,121454,74552],{},[15,121456,15834],{}," work with both",[20,121459,2357,121460,2360,121462,121464],{},[15,121461,75399],{},[15,121463,78841],{}," support:",[33,121466,121467,121472],{},[36,121468,121469,121471],{},[15,121470,79065],{}," for descending order",[36,121473,121474,121477],{},[15,121475,121476],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,121479,121480],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[415,121482,121484],{"id":121483},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[51,121486,121488],{"className":53,"code":121487,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121489,121490,121510,121514,121536,121540,121558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121491,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500,121502,121504,121506,121508],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121493,4629],{"class":66},[60,121495,71],{"class":70},[60,121497,75],{"class":74},[60,121499,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121501,88],{"class":74},[60,121503,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121505,88],{"class":74},[60,121507,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121509,108],{"class":74},[60,121511,121512],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121513,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121515,121516,121518,121520,121522,121524,121526,121528,121530,121532,121534],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121517,143],{"class":142},[60,121519,130],{"class":74},[60,121521,75489],{"class":142},[60,121523,130],{"class":74},[60,121525,4659],{"class":126},[60,121527,88],{"class":74},[60,121529,79044],{"class":10173},[60,121531,71],{"class":70},[60,121533,4616],{"class":1611},[60,121535,1042],{"class":74},[60,121537,121538],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121539,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121541,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550,121552,121554,121556],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121543,4659],{"class":66},[60,121545,123],{"class":74},[60,121547,35793],{"class":126},[60,121549,130],{"class":74},[60,121551,74552],{"class":10173},[60,121553,71],{"class":70},[60,121555,4616],{"class":1611},[60,121557,136],{"class":74},[60,121559,121560,121562,121564,121566],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,121561,143],{"class":142},[60,121563,130],{"class":74},[60,121565,4659],{"class":126},[60,121567,136],{"class":74},[20,121569,121570],{},[4753,121571,153],{},[51,121573,121575],{"className":53,"code":121574,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,121576,121577,121593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121578,121579,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589,121591],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121580,353],{"class":74},[60,121582,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121584,88],{"class":74},[60,121586,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121588,88],{"class":74},[60,121590,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121592,108],{"class":74},[60,121594,121595,121597,121599,121601,121603,121605,121607],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121596,353],{"class":74},[60,121598,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121600,88],{"class":74},[60,121602,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121604,88],{"class":74},[60,121606,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121608,108],{"class":74},[415,121610,121612],{"id":121611},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[51,121614,121616],{"className":53,"code":121615,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,121617,121618,121650,121654,121680,121684,121706],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121619,121620,121622,121624,121626,121628,121630,121632,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644,121646,121648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121621,67],{"class":66},[60,121623,71],{"class":70},[60,121625,75],{"class":74},[60,121627,79],{"class":78},[60,121629,84336],{"class":82},[60,121631,79],{"class":78},[60,121633,88],{"class":74},[60,121635,91],{"class":78},[60,121637,1604],{"class":82},[60,121639,79],{"class":78},[60,121641,88],{"class":74},[60,121643,91],{"class":78},[60,121645,119804],{"class":82},[60,121647,79],{"class":78},[60,121649,108],{"class":74},[60,121651,121652],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121653,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121655,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666,121668,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121657,143],{"class":142},[60,121659,130],{"class":74},[60,121661,75489],{"class":142},[60,121663,130],{"class":74},[60,121665,133],{"class":126},[60,121667,88],{"class":74},[60,121669,22574],{"class":10173},[60,121671,71],{"class":70},[60,121673,1528],{"class":1527},[60,121675,123],{"class":74},[60,121677,9637],{"class":25743},[60,121679,1042],{"class":74},[60,121681,121682],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121683,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121685,121686,121688,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121687,133],{"class":66},[60,121689,123],{"class":74},[60,121691,35793],{"class":126},[60,121693,130],{"class":74},[60,121695,15834],{"class":10173},[60,121697,71],{"class":70},[60,121699,1528],{"class":1527},[60,121701,123],{"class":74},[60,121703,9637],{"class":25743},[60,121705,136],{"class":74},[60,121707,121708,121710,121712,121714],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,121709,143],{"class":142},[60,121711,130],{"class":74},[60,121713,133],{"class":126},[60,121715,136],{"class":74},[20,121717,121718],{},[4753,121719,153],{},[51,121721,121723],{"className":53,"code":121722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,121724,121725,121753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121726,121727,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739,121741,121743,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121728,353],{"class":74},[60,121730,356],{"class":78},[60,121732,1604],{"class":82},[60,121734,356],{"class":78},[60,121736,88],{"class":74},[60,121738,365],{"class":78},[60,121740,84336],{"class":82},[60,121742,356],{"class":78},[60,121744,88],{"class":74},[60,121746,365],{"class":78},[60,121748,119804],{"class":82},[60,121750,356],{"class":78},[60,121752,108],{"class":74},[60,121754,121755,121757,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121756,353],{"class":74},[60,121758,356],{"class":78},[60,121760,1604],{"class":82},[60,121762,356],{"class":78},[60,121764,88],{"class":74},[60,121766,365],{"class":78},[60,121768,84336],{"class":82},[60,121770,356],{"class":78},[60,121772,88],{"class":74},[60,121774,365],{"class":78},[60,121776,119804],{"class":82},[60,121778,356],{"class":78},[60,121780,108],{"class":74},[20,121782,9413,121783,121785],{},[15,121784,79559],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,121787,121788,121789,123],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[551,121790,121792],{"href":121791},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[46,121794,121796],{"id":121795},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,121798,121799],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[415,121801,121803,121804,13592],{"id":121802},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,121805,78841],{},[20,121807,121808],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[51,121810,121812],{"className":53,"code":121811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121813,121814,121834,121838,121852,121856,121866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121815,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826,121828,121830,121832],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121817,4629],{"class":66},[60,121819,71],{"class":70},[60,121821,75],{"class":74},[60,121823,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121825,88],{"class":74},[60,121827,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121829,88],{"class":74},[60,121831,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121833,108],{"class":74},[60,121835,121836],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121837,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121839,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848,121850],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121841,114],{"class":66},[60,121843,71],{"class":70},[60,121845,5264],{"class":66},[60,121847,123],{"class":74},[60,121849,35793],{"class":126},[60,121851,9640],{"class":74},[60,121853,121854],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121855,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121857,121858,121860,121862,121864],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121859,143],{"class":142},[60,121861,130],{"class":74},[60,121863,148],{"class":126},[60,121865,136],{"class":74},[60,121867,121868,121870,121872,121874],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,121869,143],{"class":142},[60,121871,130],{"class":74},[60,121873,4659],{"class":126},[60,121875,136],{"class":74},[20,121877,121878],{},[4753,121879,153],{},[51,121881,121882],{"className":53,"code":80182,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,121883,121884,121888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121885,121886],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121887,12803],{"class":1611},[60,121889,121890,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121891,353],{"class":74},[60,121893,1432],{"class":1402},[60,121895,88],{"class":74},[60,121897,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121899,88],{"class":74},[60,121901,1442],{"class":1402},[60,121903,108],{"class":74},[20,121905,12895],{},[33,121907,121908,121913,121918],{},[36,121909,121910,121912],{},[15,121911,120915],{}," sorts the list in place",[36,121914,36008,121915,121917],{},[4753,121916,5632],{}," return the sorted list",[36,121919,90959,121920,43141,121922],{},[15,121921,148],{},[15,121923,1585],{},[415,121925,121927,121928,121930],{"id":121926},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121929,75399],{}," to change the original list",[51,121932,121934],{"className":53,"code":121933,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121935,121936,121956,121960,121970,121974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121937,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948,121950,121952,121954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121939,4629],{"class":66},[60,121941,71],{"class":70},[60,121943,75],{"class":74},[60,121945,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121947,88],{"class":74},[60,121949,6499],{"class":1402},[60,121951,88],{"class":74},[60,121953,1437],{"class":1402},[60,121955,108],{"class":74},[60,121957,121958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,121959,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121961,121962,121964,121966,121968],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,121963,75489],{"class":142},[60,121965,130],{"class":74},[60,121967,4659],{"class":126},[60,121969,136],{"class":74},[60,121971,121972],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,121973,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,121975,121976,121978,121980,121982],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,121977,143],{"class":142},[60,121979,130],{"class":74},[60,121981,4659],{"class":126},[60,121983,136],{"class":74},[20,121985,121986],{},[4753,121987,153],{},[51,121989,121990],{"className":53,"code":120136,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,121991,121992],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,121993,121994,121996,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,121995,353],{"class":74},[60,121997,3079],{"class":1402},[60,121999,88],{"class":74},[60,122001,6499],{"class":1402},[60,122003,88],{"class":74},[60,122005,1437],{"class":1402},[60,122007,108],{"class":74},[20,122009,122010,122013],{},[15,122011,122012],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,122015,2078],{},[51,122017,122019],{"className":53,"code":122018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,122020,122021,122041,122045,122059,122063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122022,122023,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122024,4629],{"class":66},[60,122026,71],{"class":70},[60,122028,75],{"class":74},[60,122030,3079],{"class":1402},[60,122032,88],{"class":74},[60,122034,6499],{"class":1402},[60,122036,88],{"class":74},[60,122038,1437],{"class":1402},[60,122040,108],{"class":74},[60,122042,122043],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122044,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122046,122047,122049,122051,122053,122055,122057],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122048,56622],{"class":66},[60,122050,71],{"class":70},[60,122052,75533],{"class":142},[60,122054,130],{"class":74},[60,122056,4659],{"class":126},[60,122058,136],{"class":74},[60,122060,122061],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122062,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122066,143],{"class":142},[60,122068,130],{"class":74},[60,122070,56641],{"class":126},[60,122072,136],{"class":74},[415,122074,122076,122077,122079],{"id":122075},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,122078,65286],{}," on a tuple or string",[51,122081,122082],{"className":53,"code":80283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,122083,122084,122096],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122085,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122087,35681],{"class":66},[60,122089,71],{"class":70},[60,122091,91],{"class":78},[60,122093,55],{"class":82},[60,122095,2389],{"class":78},[60,122097,122098,122100,122102,122104],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122099,35702],{"class":66},[60,122101,123],{"class":74},[60,122103,35793],{"class":126},[60,122105,9640],{"class":74},[20,122107,122108,122109,34594],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,122110,65286],{},[20,122112,122113,122115],{},[15,122114,65286],{}," only works on lists.",[20,122117,122118,122119,122121,122122,123],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,122120,75399],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[551,122123,6137],{"href":6588},[415,122125,122127,122128,120173],{"id":122126},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,122129,75399],{},[51,122131,122133],{"className":53,"code":122132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,122134,122135,122148,122162,122166,122176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122136,122137,122139,122141,122143,122146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122138,35681],{"class":66},[60,122140,71],{"class":70},[60,122142,91],{"class":78},[60,122144,122145],{"class":82},"cab",[60,122147,2389],{"class":78},[60,122149,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122151,114],{"class":66},[60,122153,71],{"class":70},[60,122155,75533],{"class":142},[60,122157,130],{"class":74},[60,122159,35702],{"class":126},[60,122161,136],{"class":74},[60,122163,122164],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122165,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122167,122168,122170,122172,122174],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122169,143],{"class":142},[60,122171,130],{"class":74},[60,122173,148],{"class":126},[60,122175,136],{"class":74},[60,122177,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122179,143],{"class":142},[60,122181,130],{"class":74},[60,122183,2629],{"class":1527},[60,122185,130],{"class":74},[60,122187,148],{"class":126},[60,122189,1042],{"class":74},[20,122191,122192],{},[4753,122193,153],{},[51,122195,122197],{"className":53,"code":122196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,122198,122199,122227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122200,122201,122203,122205,122207,122209,122211,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122202,353],{"class":74},[60,122204,356],{"class":78},[60,122206,551],{"class":82},[60,122208,356],{"class":78},[60,122210,88],{"class":74},[60,122212,365],{"class":78},[60,122214,2258],{"class":82},[60,122216,356],{"class":78},[60,122218,88],{"class":74},[60,122220,365],{"class":78},[60,122222,1895],{"class":82},[60,122224,356],{"class":78},[60,122226,108],{"class":74},[60,122228,122229,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122230,4304],{"class":70},[60,122232,4307],{"class":3082},[60,122234,365],{"class":78},[60,122236,9089],{"class":82},[60,122238,356],{"class":78},[60,122240,4316],{"class":70},[20,122242,122243],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[46,122245,114695],{"id":114694},[20,122247,122248],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[33,122250,122251,122254,122259,122264,122270],{},[36,122252,122253],{},"confusing a function with a method",[36,122255,122256,122257,54624],{},"not knowing that ",[15,122258,65286],{},[36,122260,122261,122262,13592],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,122263,78841],{},[36,122265,122266,122267,122269],{},"trying to use ",[15,122268,65286],{}," on non-list data types",[36,122271,51485,122272,122274],{},[15,122273,75399],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,122276,122277],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[51,122279,122281],{"className":53,"code":122280,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,122282,122283,122293,122307,122332,122347,122357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122284,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122286,143],{"class":142},[60,122288,130],{"class":74},[60,122290,9334],{"class":126},[60,122292,136],{"class":74},[60,122294,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122296,143],{"class":142},[60,122298,130],{"class":74},[60,122300,75489],{"class":142},[60,122302,130],{"class":74},[60,122304,9334],{"class":126},[60,122306,1042],{"class":74},[60,122308,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122324,122326,122328,122330],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122310,114],{"class":66},[60,122312,71],{"class":70},[60,122314,9391],{"class":66},[60,122316,123],{"class":74},[60,122318,35793],{"class":126},[60,122320,8363],{"class":74},[60,122322,122323],{"class":66},"; ",[60,122325,143],{"class":142},[60,122327,130],{"class":74},[60,122329,148],{"class":126},[60,122331,136],{"class":74},[60,122333,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122345],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122335,143],{"class":142},[60,122337,130],{"class":74},[60,122339,2629],{"class":1527},[60,122341,130],{"class":74},[60,122343,122344],{"class":126},"my_data",[60,122346,1042],{"class":74},[60,122348,122349,122351,122353,122355],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122350,33145],{"class":142},[60,122352,130],{"class":74},[60,122354,75489],{"class":142},[60,122356,136],{"class":74},[60,122358,122359,122361,122363,122365,122367,122369],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,122360,33145],{"class":142},[60,122362,130],{"class":74},[60,122364,9089],{"class":1527},[60,122366,123],{"class":74},[60,122368,35793],{"class":25743},[60,122370,136],{"class":74},[20,122372,85346],{},[33,122374,122375,122378,122382,122390],{},[36,122376,122377],{},"whether your original list changed",[36,122379,27012,122380,12701],{},[15,122381,75399],{},[36,122383,122384,122385,122387,122388],{},"whether ",[15,122386,65286],{}," returned ",[15,122389,1585],{},[36,122391,122392],{},"what type of object you are working with",[46,122394,122396],{"id":122395},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,122398,122399],{},"Use this rule:",[33,122401,122402,122410],{},[36,122403,122404,122405,122407,122408],{},"Need a ",[4753,122406,120498],{},": use ",[15,122409,75399],{},[36,122411,122412,122413,122407,122416],{},"Need to ",[4753,122414,122415],{},"change one list directly",[15,122417,78841],{},[20,122419,122420,122421,122423],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,122422,75399],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[46,122425,2804],{"id":2803},[415,122427,122429,122430,3894,122432,2863],{"id":122428},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,122431,75399],{},[15,122433,78841],{},[20,122435,122436,122438],{},[15,122437,75399],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[415,122440,6158,122442,6161,122444,2863],{"id":122441},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,122443,78841],{},[15,122445,1585],{},[20,122447,122448],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[415,122450,6170,122452,122454],{"id":122451},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,122453,75399],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,122456,122457],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[415,122459,2833,122461,122463],{"id":122460},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,122462,65286],{}," on a string?",[20,122465,47347,122466,122468,122469,40916],{},[15,122467,65286],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,122470,122471],{},"sorted(string)",[415,122473,12814,122475,2360,122477,122479],{"id":122474},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,122476,75399],{},[15,122478,65286],{}," both support descending order?",[20,122481,122482,122483,123],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,122484,79065],{},[46,122486,2870],{"id":2869},[33,122488,122489,122495,122501,122505,122509],{},[36,122490,122491],{},[551,122492,163,122493,1579],{"href":75496},[15,122494,75399],{},[36,122496,122497],{},[551,122498,163,122499,2887],{"href":75750},[15,122500,78841],{},[36,122502,122503],{},[551,122504,80846],{"href":79350},[36,122506,122507],{},[551,122508,121792],{"href":121791},[36,122510,122511],{},[551,122512,53751],{"href":51958},[2912,122514,122515],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":122517},[122518,122519,122520,122524,122528,122531,122535,122539,122544,122554,122555,122556,122568],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":120586,"depth":111,"text":120587},{"id":118689,"depth":111,"text":120411,"children":122521},[122522],{"id":120653,"depth":139,"text":122523},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78907,"depth":111,"text":80868,"children":122525},[122526],{"id":120830,"depth":139,"text":122527},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120926,"depth":111,"text":120927,"children":122529},[122530],{"id":120952,"depth":139,"text":120953},{"id":121158,"depth":111,"text":122532,"children":122533},"When to use sorted()",[122534],{"id":121180,"depth":139,"text":121181},{"id":121315,"depth":111,"text":122536,"children":122537},"When to use list.sort()",[122538],{"id":121338,"depth":139,"text":121339},{"id":121452,"depth":111,"text":122540,"children":122541},"reverse and key work with both",[122542,122543],{"id":121483,"depth":139,"text":121484},{"id":121611,"depth":139,"text":121612},{"id":121795,"depth":111,"text":121796,"children":122545},[122546,122548,122550,122552],{"id":121802,"depth":139,"text":122547},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121926,"depth":139,"text":122549},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":122075,"depth":139,"text":122551},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":122126,"depth":139,"text":122553},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":114694,"depth":111,"text":114695},{"id":122395,"depth":111,"text":122396},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":122557},[122558,122560,122562,122564,122566],{"id":122428,"depth":139,"text":122559},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":122441,"depth":139,"text":122561},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":122451,"depth":139,"text":122563},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":122460,"depth":139,"text":122565},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":122474,"depth":139,"text":122567},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":120457,"description":122569},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":122575,"title":43161,"body":122576,"description":124306,"extension":2980,"meta":124307,"navigation":304,"path":124308,"seo":124309,"stem":124310,"__hash__":124311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":122577,"toc":124263},[122578,122583,122588,122594,122596,122651,122655,122678,122683,122688,122693,122695,122726,122729,122743,122745,122747,122762,122767,122771,122774,122825,122829,122843,122850,122852,122856,122911,122915,122938,122942,122998,123002,123025,123029,123084,123088,123111,123115,123182,123186,123221,123227,123232,123237,123239,123253,123255,123329,123333,123353,123358,123365,123368,123380,123382,123451,123455,123492,123495,123520,123527,123536,123539,123551,123557,123563,123565,123571,123576,123655,123659,123700,123704,123706,123733,123736,123759,123762,123768,123771,123808,123820,123827,123829,123880,123883,123915,123918,123920,123927,123929,123944,123946,124003,124007,124031,124033,124038,124054,124061,124065,124068,124151,124161,124163,124168,124171,124177,124180,124186,124189,124195,124198,124205,124213,124215,124260],[10,122579,163,122581,4591],{"id":122580},"python-str-function-explained",[15,122582,1578],{},[20,122584,33310,122585,122587],{},[15,122586,1578],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,122589,122590,122591,122593],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,122592,1578],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[46,122595,3022],{"id":3021},[51,122597,122599],{"className":53,"code":122598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122600,122601,122609,122623,122627,122637],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122602,122603,122605,122607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122604,22623],{"class":66},[60,122606,71],{"class":70},[60,122608,46207],{"class":1402},[60,122610,122611,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122612,35681],{"class":66},[60,122614,71],{"class":70},[60,122616,49885],{"class":1527},[60,122618,130],{"class":74},[60,122620,10296],{"class":126},[60,122622,136],{"class":74},[60,122624,122625],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122626,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122628,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122630,143],{"class":142},[60,122632,130],{"class":74},[60,122634,35702],{"class":126},[60,122636,136],{"class":74},[60,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122640,143],{"class":142},[60,122642,130],{"class":74},[60,122644,2629],{"class":1527},[60,122646,130],{"class":74},[60,122648,35702],{"class":126},[60,122650,1042],{"class":74},[20,122652,122653],{},[4753,122654,153],{},[51,122656,122658],{"className":53,"code":122657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122659,122660,122664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122661,122662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122663,3723],{"class":1402},[60,122665,122666,122668,122670,122672,122674,122676],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122667,4304],{"class":70},[60,122669,4307],{"class":3082},[60,122671,365],{"class":78},[60,122673,1528],{"class":82},[60,122675,356],{"class":78},[60,122677,4316],{"class":70},[20,122679,171,122680,122682],{},[15,122681,1578],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[46,122684,178,122686,181],{"id":122685},"what-str-does",[15,122687,1578],{},[20,122689,122690,122692],{},[15,122691,1578],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,122694,3124],{},[33,122696,122697,122704,122711,122718],{},[36,122698,122699,122700,43141,122702],{},"An integer like ",[15,122701,1345],{},[15,122703,43113],{},[36,122705,122706,122707,43141,122709],{},"A float like ",[15,122708,41129],{},[15,122710,49076],{},[36,122712,122713,122714,43141,122716],{},"A boolean like ",[15,122715,4616],{},[15,122717,7639],{},[36,122719,122720,122721,43141,122723],{},"A list like ",[15,122722,76221],{},[15,122724,122725],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,122727,122728],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[33,122730,122731,122734,122737,122740],{},[36,122732,122733],{},"print it",[36,122735,122736],{},"combine it with other strings",[36,122738,122739],{},"save it to a file",[36,122741,122742],{},"use it in messages",[46,122744,389],{"id":388},[20,122746,392],{},[51,122748,122750],{"className":53,"code":122749,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"str(object)\n",[15,122751,122752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122753,122754,122756,122758,122760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122755,1528],{"class":1527},[60,122757,130],{"class":74},[60,122759,43384],{"class":1527},[60,122761,136],{"class":74},[20,122763,21765,122764,122766],{},[15,122765,43384],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,122768,122769,9220],{},[15,122770,1578],{},[20,122772,122773],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[51,122775,122777],{"className":53,"code":122776,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,122778,122779,122788,122811,122815],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122780,122781,122783,122785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122782,6096],{"class":66},[60,122784,71],{"class":70},[60,122786,122787],{"class":1402}," 100\n",[60,122789,122790,122792,122794,122796,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122791,90979],{"class":66},[60,122793,71],{"class":70},[60,122795,91],{"class":78},[60,122797,122798],{"class":82},"Your score is ",[60,122800,79],{"class":78},[60,122802,2421],{"class":70},[60,122804,49885],{"class":1527},[60,122806,130],{"class":74},[60,122808,86493],{"class":126},[60,122810,136],{"class":74},[60,122812,122813],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122814,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122816,122817,122819,122821,122823],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122818,143],{"class":142},[60,122820,130],{"class":74},[60,122822,90996],{"class":126},[60,122824,136],{"class":74},[20,122826,122827],{},[4753,122828,153],{},[51,122830,122832],{"className":53,"code":122831,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Your score is 100\n",[15,122833,122834],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122835,122836,122839,122841],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122837,122838],{"class":66},"Your score ",[60,122840,94],{"class":70},[60,122842,122787],{"class":1402},[20,122844,3311,122845,122849],{},[551,122846,122847,3318],{"href":3314},[15,122848,3317],{}," can help you check.",[46,122851,558],{"id":557},[415,122853,122855],{"id":122854},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[51,122857,122859],{"className":53,"code":122858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122860,122861,122869,122883,122887,122897],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122862,122863,122865,122867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122864,3233],{"class":66},[60,122866,71],{"class":70},[60,122868,3601],{"class":1402},[60,122870,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122872,35681],{"class":66},[60,122874,71],{"class":70},[60,122876,49885],{"class":1527},[60,122878,130],{"class":74},[60,122880,3255],{"class":126},[60,122882,136],{"class":74},[60,122884,122885],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122886,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122888,122889,122891,122893,122895],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122890,143],{"class":142},[60,122892,130],{"class":74},[60,122894,35702],{"class":126},[60,122896,136],{"class":74},[60,122898,122899,122901,122903,122905,122907,122909],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122900,143],{"class":142},[60,122902,130],{"class":74},[60,122904,2629],{"class":1527},[60,122906,130],{"class":74},[60,122908,35702],{"class":126},[60,122910,1042],{"class":74},[20,122912,122913],{},[4753,122914,153],{},[51,122916,122918],{"className":53,"code":122917,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122919,122920,122924],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122921,122922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122923,3391],{"class":1402},[60,122925,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934,122936],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122927,4304],{"class":70},[60,122929,4307],{"class":3082},[60,122931,365],{"class":78},[60,122933,1528],{"class":82},[60,122935,356],{"class":78},[60,122937,4316],{"class":70},[415,122939,122941],{"id":122940},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[51,122943,122945],{"className":53,"code":122944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122946,122947,122956,122970,122974,122984],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,122948,122949,122951,122953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,122950,41373],{"class":66},[60,122952,71],{"class":70},[60,122954,122955],{"class":1402}," 3.14\n",[60,122957,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,122959,35681],{"class":66},[60,122961,71],{"class":70},[60,122963,49885],{"class":1527},[60,122965,130],{"class":74},[60,122967,26143],{"class":126},[60,122969,136],{"class":74},[60,122971,122972],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,122973,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,122975,122976,122978,122980,122982],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,122977,143],{"class":142},[60,122979,130],{"class":74},[60,122981,35702],{"class":126},[60,122983,136],{"class":74},[60,122985,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,122987,143],{"class":142},[60,122989,130],{"class":74},[60,122991,2629],{"class":1527},[60,122993,130],{"class":74},[60,122995,35702],{"class":126},[60,122997,1042],{"class":74},[20,122999,123000],{},[4753,123001,153],{},[51,123003,123005],{"className":53,"code":123004,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123006,123007,123011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123008,123009],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123010,41163],{"class":1402},[60,123012,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021,123023],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123014,4304],{"class":70},[60,123016,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123018,365],{"class":78},[60,123020,1528],{"class":82},[60,123022,356],{"class":78},[60,123024,4316],{"class":70},[415,123026,123028],{"id":123027},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[51,123030,123032],{"className":53,"code":123031,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123033,123034,123042,123056,123060,123070],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123035,123036,123038,123040],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123037,3462],{"class":66},[60,123039,71],{"class":70},[60,123041,7422],{"class":1611},[60,123043,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123045,35681],{"class":66},[60,123047,71],{"class":70},[60,123049,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123051,130],{"class":74},[60,123053,3487],{"class":126},[60,123055,136],{"class":74},[60,123057,123058],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123059,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123061,123062,123064,123066,123068],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123063,143],{"class":142},[60,123065,130],{"class":74},[60,123067,35702],{"class":126},[60,123069,136],{"class":74},[60,123071,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123073,143],{"class":142},[60,123075,130],{"class":74},[60,123077,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123079,130],{"class":74},[60,123081,35702],{"class":126},[60,123083,1042],{"class":74},[20,123085,123086],{},[4753,123087,153],{},[51,123089,123091],{"className":53,"code":123090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123092,123093,123097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123094,123095],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123096,4983],{"class":1611},[60,123098,123099,123101,123103,123105,123107,123109],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123100,4304],{"class":70},[60,123102,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123104,365],{"class":78},[60,123106,1528],{"class":82},[60,123108,356],{"class":78},[60,123110,4316],{"class":70},[415,123112,123114],{"id":123113},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[51,123116,123118],{"className":53,"code":123117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123119,123120,123140,123154,123158,123168],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123121,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123123,664],{"class":66},[60,123125,71],{"class":70},[60,123127,75],{"class":74},[60,123129,1432],{"class":1402},[60,123131,88],{"class":74},[60,123133,1437],{"class":1402},[60,123135,88],{"class":74},[60,123137,1442],{"class":1402},[60,123139,108],{"class":74},[60,123141,123142,123144,123146,123148,123150,123152],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123143,35681],{"class":66},[60,123145,71],{"class":70},[60,123147,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123149,130],{"class":74},[60,123151,716],{"class":126},[60,123153,136],{"class":74},[60,123155,123156],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123157,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123159,123160,123162,123164,123166],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123161,143],{"class":142},[60,123163,130],{"class":74},[60,123165,35702],{"class":126},[60,123167,136],{"class":74},[60,123169,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123171,143],{"class":142},[60,123173,130],{"class":74},[60,123175,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123177,130],{"class":74},[60,123179,35702],{"class":126},[60,123181,1042],{"class":74},[20,123183,123184],{},[4753,123185,153],{},[51,123187,123189],{"className":53,"code":123188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123190,123191,123207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123192,123193,123195,123197,123199,123201,123203,123205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123194,353],{"class":74},[60,123196,1432],{"class":1402},[60,123198,88],{"class":74},[60,123200,1437],{"class":1402},[60,123202,88],{"class":74},[60,123204,1442],{"class":1402},[60,123206,108],{"class":74},[60,123208,123209,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123210,4304],{"class":70},[60,123212,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123214,365],{"class":78},[60,123216,1528],{"class":82},[60,123218,356],{"class":78},[60,123220,4316],{"class":70},[20,123222,123223,123224,123226],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[4753,123225,5632],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[46,123228,5963,123230],{"id":123229},"when-to-use-str",[15,123231,1578],{},[20,123233,171,123234,123236],{},[15,123235,1578],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,123238,37414],{},[33,123240,123241,123244,123247,123250],{},[36,123242,123243],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[36,123245,123246],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[36,123248,123249],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[36,123251,123252],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,123254,236],{},[51,123256,123258],{"className":53,"code":123257,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,123259,123260,123272,123280,123284,123319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123261,123262,123264,123266,123268,123270],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123263,8872],{"class":66},[60,123265,71],{"class":70},[60,123267,91],{"class":78},[60,123269,12504],{"class":82},[60,123271,2389],{"class":78},[60,123273,123274,123276,123278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123275,22623],{"class":66},[60,123277,71],{"class":70},[60,123279,46207],{"class":1402},[60,123281,123282],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123283,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123285,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123317],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123287,90979],{"class":66},[60,123289,71],{"class":70},[60,123291,36959],{"class":66},[60,123293,2354],{"class":70},[60,123295,91],{"class":78},[60,123297,5785],{"class":82},[60,123299,79],{"class":78},[60,123301,2421],{"class":70},[60,123303,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123305,130],{"class":74},[60,123307,10296],{"class":126},[60,123309,2662],{"class":74},[60,123311,2421],{"class":70},[60,123313,91],{"class":78},[60,123315,123316],{"class":82}," years old.",[60,123318,2389],{"class":78},[60,123320,123321,123323,123325,123327],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123322,143],{"class":142},[60,123324,130],{"class":74},[60,123326,90996],{"class":126},[60,123328,136],{"class":74},[20,123330,123331],{},[4753,123332,153],{},[51,123334,123336],{"className":53,"code":123335,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,123337,123338],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123339,123340,123343,123345,123347,123350],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123341,123342],{"class":66},"Maya ",[60,123344,94],{"class":70},[60,123346,10303],{"class":1402},[60,123348,123349],{"class":66}," years old",[60,123351,123352],{"class":74},".\n",[20,123354,123355,123356,123],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[551,123357,90666],{"href":90665},[46,123359,123361,11583,123363],{"id":123360},"str-vs-print",[15,123362,1578],{},[15,123364,47434],{},[20,123366,123367],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[33,123369,123370,123375],{},[36,123371,123372,123374],{},[15,123373,1578],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[36,123376,123377,123379],{},[15,123378,47434],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,123381,236],{},[51,123383,123385],{"className":53,"code":123384,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,123386,123387,123395,123399,123413,123423,123437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123388,123389,123391,123393],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123390,3462],{"class":66},[60,123392,71],{"class":70},[60,123394,3783],{"class":1402},[60,123396,123397],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123398,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123400,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409,123411],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123402,35681],{"class":66},[60,123404,71],{"class":70},[60,123406,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123408,130],{"class":74},[60,123410,3487],{"class":126},[60,123412,136],{"class":74},[60,123414,123415,123417,123419,123421],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123416,143],{"class":142},[60,123418,130],{"class":74},[60,123420,35702],{"class":126},[60,123422,136],{"class":74},[60,123424,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123426,143],{"class":142},[60,123428,130],{"class":74},[60,123430,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123432,130],{"class":74},[60,123434,35702],{"class":126},[60,123436,1042],{"class":74},[60,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,123440,143],{"class":142},[60,123442,130],{"class":74},[60,123444,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123446,130],{"class":74},[60,123448,3487],{"class":126},[60,123450,1042],{"class":74},[20,123452,123453],{},[4753,123454,153],{},[51,123456,123458],{"className":53,"code":123457,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,123459,123460,123464,123478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123461,123462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123463,47594],{"class":1402},[60,123465,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123467,4304],{"class":70},[60,123469,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123471,365],{"class":78},[60,123473,1528],{"class":82},[60,123475,356],{"class":78},[60,123477,4316],{"class":70},[60,123479,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123481,4304],{"class":70},[60,123483,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123485,365],{"class":78},[60,123487,3206],{"class":82},[60,123489,356],{"class":78},[60,123491,4316],{"class":70},[20,123493,123494],{},"Notice:",[33,123496,123497,123503,123508],{},[36,123498,123499,123502],{},[15,123500,123501],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[36,123504,123505,123507],{},[15,123506,47434],{}," only displayed values",[36,123509,123510,123512,123513,123515,123516,62277,123518],{},[15,123511,47434],{}," did not change ",[15,123514,3487],{}," from ",[15,123517,3206],{},[15,123519,1528],{},[20,123521,123522,123523,123],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[551,123524,123525,3318],{"href":47431},[15,123526,47434],{},[46,123528,123530,11583,123532,123535],{"id":123529},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,123531,1578],{},[15,123533,123534],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,123537,123538],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[33,123540,123541,123546],{},[36,123542,123543,123545],{},[15,123544,1578],{}," is the more readable text version",[36,123547,123548,123550],{},[15,123549,123534],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,123552,123553,123554,123556],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,123555,1578],{}," much more often.",[20,123558,123559,123560,123562],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,123561,1578],{}," is usually the right choice.",[46,123564,5520],{"id":5519},[415,123566,26767,123568,123570],{"id":123567},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,123569,1578],{}," changes the original variable",[20,123572,123573,123575],{},[15,123574,1578],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[51,123577,123579],{"className":53,"code":123578,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,123580,123581,123589,123603,123607,123617,123631,123641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123582,123583,123585,123587],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123584,22623],{"class":66},[60,123586,71],{"class":70},[60,123588,46207],{"class":1402},[60,123590,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123592,35681],{"class":66},[60,123594,71],{"class":70},[60,123596,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123598,130],{"class":74},[60,123600,10296],{"class":126},[60,123602,136],{"class":74},[60,123604,123605],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123606,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123608,123609,123611,123613,123615],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123610,143],{"class":142},[60,123612,130],{"class":74},[60,123614,10296],{"class":126},[60,123616,136],{"class":74},[60,123618,123619,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123620,143],{"class":142},[60,123622,130],{"class":74},[60,123624,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123626,130],{"class":74},[60,123628,10296],{"class":126},[60,123630,1042],{"class":74},[60,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,123634,143],{"class":142},[60,123636,130],{"class":74},[60,123638,35702],{"class":126},[60,123640,136],{"class":74},[60,123642,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,123644,143],{"class":142},[60,123646,130],{"class":74},[60,123648,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123650,130],{"class":74},[60,123652,35702],{"class":126},[60,123654,1042],{"class":74},[20,123656,123657],{},[4753,123658,153],{},[51,123660,123662],{"className":53,"code":123661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123663,123664,123668,123682,123686],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123665,123666],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123667,3723],{"class":1402},[60,123669,123670,123672,123674,123676,123678,123680],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123671,4304],{"class":70},[60,123673,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123675,365],{"class":78},[60,123677,3206],{"class":82},[60,123679,356],{"class":78},[60,123681,4316],{"class":70},[60,123683,123684],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123685,3723],{"class":1402},[60,123687,123688,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123689,4304],{"class":70},[60,123691,4307],{"class":3082},[60,123693,365],{"class":78},[60,123695,1528],{"class":82},[60,123697,356],{"class":78},[60,123699,4316],{"class":70},[415,123701,123703],{"id":123702},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,123705,7686],{},[51,123707,123709],{"className":53,"code":123708,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,123710,123711,123719],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123712,123713,123715,123717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123714,22623],{"class":66},[60,123716,71],{"class":70},[60,123718,46207],{"class":1402},[60,123720,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123722,35681],{"class":66},[60,123724,71],{"class":70},[60,123726,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123728,130],{"class":74},[60,123730,10296],{"class":126},[60,123732,136],{"class":74},[20,123734,123735],{},"But if you only do this:",[51,123737,123739],{"className":53,"code":123738,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,123740,123741,123749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123742,123743,123745,123747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123744,22623],{"class":66},[60,123746,71],{"class":70},[60,123748,46207],{"class":1402},[60,123750,123751,123753,123755,123757],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123752,1528],{"class":1527},[60,123754,130],{"class":74},[60,123756,10296],{"class":126},[60,123758,136],{"class":74},[20,123760,123761],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[415,123763,9413,123765,123767],{"id":123764},"using-str-too-early",[15,123766,1578],{}," too early",[20,123769,123770],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[51,123772,123774],{"className":53,"code":123773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,123775,123776,123784,123799,123803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123777,123778,123780,123782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123779,41373],{"class":66},[60,123781,71],{"class":70},[60,123783,3601],{"class":1402},[60,123785,123786,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123787,123788],{"class":66},"text_price ",[60,123790,71],{"class":70},[60,123792,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123794,130],{"class":74},[60,123796,26143],{"class":126},[60,123798,136],{"class":74},[60,123800,123801],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123802,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123804,123805],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123806,123807],{"class":4674},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,123809,123810,123811,3894,123815,123819],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[551,123812,123813],{"href":3890},[15,123814,3893],{},[551,123816,123817],{"href":3897},[15,123818,3900],{},", depending on the situation.",[415,123821,9449,123823,123826],{"id":123822},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,123824,123825],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,123828,65618],{},[51,123830,123832],{"className":53,"code":123831,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,123833,123834,123866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123835,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123837,664],{"class":66},[60,123839,71],{"class":70},[60,123841,75],{"class":74},[60,123843,79],{"class":78},[60,123845,1604],{"class":82},[60,123847,79],{"class":78},[60,123849,88],{"class":74},[60,123851,91],{"class":78},[60,123853,1619],{"class":82},[60,123855,79],{"class":78},[60,123857,88],{"class":74},[60,123859,91],{"class":78},[60,123861,34214],{"class":82},[60,123863,79],{"class":78},[60,123865,108],{"class":74},[60,123867,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123869,143],{"class":142},[60,123871,130],{"class":74},[60,123873,1528],{"class":1527},[60,123875,130],{"class":74},[60,123877,716],{"class":126},[60,123879,1042],{"class":74},[20,123881,123882],{},"prints:",[51,123884,123885],{"className":53,"code":73811,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,123886,123887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123888,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123890,353],{"class":74},[60,123892,356],{"class":78},[60,123894,1604],{"class":82},[60,123896,356],{"class":78},[60,123898,88],{"class":74},[60,123900,365],{"class":78},[60,123902,1619],{"class":82},[60,123904,356],{"class":78},[60,123906,88],{"class":74},[60,123908,365],{"class":78},[60,123910,34214],{"class":82},[60,123912,356],{"class":78},[60,123914,108],{"class":74},[20,123916,123917],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[46,123919,18413],{"id":18412},[20,123921,123922,22970,123924,123],{},[15,123923,1578],{},[4753,123925,123926],{},"new string",[20,123928,189],{},[33,123930,123931,123934,123937],{},[36,123932,123933],{},"It always returns a string",[36,123935,123936],{},"It does not modify the original object",[36,123938,8760,123939,123943],{},[551,123940,123941],{"href":3314},[15,123942,3317],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123945,236],{},[51,123947,123949],{"className":53,"code":123948,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123950,123951,123959,123974,123978,123989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,123952,123953,123955,123957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,123954,3462],{"class":66},[60,123956,71],{"class":70},[60,123958,15123],{"class":1402},[60,123960,123961,123964,123966,123968,123970,123972],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,123962,123963],{"class":66},"converted ",[60,123965,71],{"class":70},[60,123967,49885],{"class":1527},[60,123969,130],{"class":74},[60,123971,3487],{"class":126},[60,123973,136],{"class":74},[60,123975,123976],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,123977,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,123979,123980,123982,123984,123987],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,123981,143],{"class":142},[60,123983,130],{"class":74},[60,123985,123986],{"class":126},"converted",[60,123988,136],{"class":74},[60,123990,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,123992,143],{"class":142},[60,123994,130],{"class":74},[60,123996,2629],{"class":1527},[60,123998,130],{"class":74},[60,124000,123986],{"class":126},[60,124002,1042],{"class":74},[20,124004,124005],{},[4753,124006,153],{},[51,124008,124010],{"className":53,"code":124009,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124011,124012,124017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124013,124014],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124015,124016],{"class":1402},"99\n",[60,124018,124019,124021,124023,124025,124027,124029],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124020,4304],{"class":70},[60,124022,4307],{"class":3082},[60,124024,365],{"class":78},[60,124026,1528],{"class":82},[60,124028,356],{"class":78},[60,124030,4316],{"class":70},[46,124032,114695],{"id":114694},[20,124034,124035,124036,75790],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,124037,1578],{},[33,124039,124040,124043,124046,124051],{},[36,124041,124042],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[36,124044,124045],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[36,124047,9413,124048,124050],{},[15,124049,1578],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[36,124052,124053],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,124055,124056,124057,123],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[551,124058,1999,124059],{"href":91376},[15,124060,91377],{},[46,124062,124064],{"id":124063},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,124066,124067],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[51,124069,124071],{"className":53,"code":124070,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,124072,124073,124081,124085,124095,124109,124113,124127,124137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124074,124075,124077,124079],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124076,3462],{"class":66},[60,124078,71],{"class":70},[60,124080,46207],{"class":1402},[60,124082,124083],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124084,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,124086,124087,124089,124091,124093],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,124088,143],{"class":142},[60,124090,130],{"class":74},[60,124092,3487],{"class":126},[60,124094,136],{"class":74},[60,124096,124097,124099,124101,124103,124105,124107],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,124098,143],{"class":142},[60,124100,130],{"class":74},[60,124102,2629],{"class":1527},[60,124104,130],{"class":74},[60,124106,3487],{"class":126},[60,124108,1042],{"class":74},[60,124110,124111],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,124112,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,124114,124115,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,124116,123963],{"class":66},[60,124118,71],{"class":70},[60,124120,49885],{"class":1527},[60,124122,130],{"class":74},[60,124124,3487],{"class":126},[60,124126,136],{"class":74},[60,124128,124129,124131,124133,124135],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,124130,143],{"class":142},[60,124132,130],{"class":74},[60,124134,123986],{"class":126},[60,124136,136],{"class":74},[60,124138,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,124140,143],{"class":142},[60,124142,130],{"class":74},[60,124144,2629],{"class":1527},[60,124146,130],{"class":74},[60,124148,123986],{"class":126},[60,124150,1042],{"class":74},[20,124152,124153,124154,287,124156,124158,124159,123],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,124155,3206],{},[15,124157,3209],{},", or another type into ",[15,124160,1528],{},[46,124162,2804],{"id":2803},[415,124164,2846,124166,6145],{"id":124165},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,124167,1578],{},[20,124169,124170],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[415,124172,2808,124174,124176],{"id":124173},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,124175,1578],{}," change the original variable?",[20,124178,124179],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[415,124181,6170,124183,124185],{"id":124182},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,124184,1578],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,124187,124188],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[415,124190,95561,124192,124194],{"id":124191},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,124193,1578],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,124196,124197],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[415,124199,15896,124201,58185,124203,2863],{"id":124200},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,124202,1578],{},[15,124204,47434],{},[20,124206,47347,124207,124209,124210,124212],{},[15,124208,1578],{}," converts to text. ",[15,124211,47434],{}," shows output.",[46,124214,2870],{"id":2869},[33,124216,124217,124223,124229,124235,124241,124250,124254],{},[36,124218,124219],{},[551,124220,124221,1579],{"href":47431},[15,124222,47434],{},[36,124224,124225],{},[551,124226,124227,1579],{"href":3314},[15,124228,3317],{},[36,124230,124231],{},[551,124232,124233,1579],{"href":3890},[15,124234,3893],{},[36,124236,124237],{},[551,124238,124239,1579],{"href":3897},[15,124240,3900],{},[36,124242,124243],{},[551,124244,124246,124247,124249],{"href":124245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,124248,3206],{}," to string in Python",[36,124251,124252],{},[551,124253,91654],{"href":90665},[36,124255,124256],{},[551,124257,2898,124258],{"href":91376},[15,124259,91377],{},[2912,124261,124262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":124264},[124265,124266,124268,124269,124275,124277,124279,124281,124290,124291,124292,124293,124305],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":122685,"depth":111,"text":124267},"What str() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":557,"depth":111,"text":558,"children":124270},[124271,124272,124273,124274],{"id":122854,"depth":139,"text":122855},{"id":122940,"depth":139,"text":122941},{"id":123027,"depth":139,"text":123028},{"id":123113,"depth":139,"text":123114},{"id":123229,"depth":111,"text":124276},"When to use str()",{"id":123360,"depth":111,"text":124278},"str() vs print()",{"id":123529,"depth":111,"text":124280},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":124282},[124283,124285,124286,124288],{"id":123567,"depth":139,"text":124284},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":123702,"depth":139,"text":123703},{"id":123764,"depth":139,"text":124287},"Using str() too early",{"id":123822,"depth":139,"text":124289},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":114694,"depth":111,"text":114695},{"id":124063,"depth":111,"text":124064},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":124294},[124295,124297,124299,124301,124303],{"id":124165,"depth":139,"text":124296},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":124173,"depth":139,"text":124298},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":124182,"depth":139,"text":124300},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":124191,"depth":139,"text":124302},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":124200,"depth":139,"text":124304},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":43161,"description":124306},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":124313,"title":124314,"body":124315,"description":125766,"extension":2980,"meta":125767,"navigation":304,"path":125768,"seo":125769,"stem":125770,"__hash__":125771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":124316,"toc":125728},[124317,124322,124327,124330,124352,124354,124416,124418,124431,124437,124442,124447,124449,124462,124473,124475,124502,124504,124521,124528,124539,124541,124546,124548,124560,124568,124577,124579,124582,124635,124637,124645,124653,124657,124662,124702,124704,124712,124715,124717,124757,124759,124767,124777,124783,124786,124859,124861,124874,124878,124883,124911,124914,124949,124951,124959,124962,124966,124970,124972,124988,124990,125030,125032,125040,125049,125092,125094,125102,125104,125108,125114,125117,125157,125159,125167,125172,125175,125218,125222,125225,125260,125265,125267,125306,125316,125324,125334,125342,125346,125351,125353,125394,125396,125404,125409,125412,125415,125433,125439,125443,125448,125451,125491,125493,125498,125597,125600,125616,125618,125637,125639,125646,125649,125655,125658,125664,125668,125674,125677,125683,125686,125688,125725],[10,124318,13,124320,18],{"id":124319},"python-string-count-method",[15,124321,58270],{},[20,124323,22,124324,124326],{},[15,124325,58270],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,124328,124329],{},"This reference page explains:",[33,124331,124332,124336,124339,124341,124349],{},[36,124333,27012,124334,181],{},[15,124335,58270],{},[36,124337,124338],{},"its syntax",[36,124340,36388],{},[36,124342,124343,124344,2360,124346,124348],{},"how ",[15,124345,37062],{},[15,124347,53640],{}," work",[36,124350,124351],{},"common beginner mistakes",[46,124353,3022],{"id":3021},[51,124355,124357],{"className":53,"code":124356,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124358,124359,124371,124393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124360,124361,124363,124365,124367,124369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124362,35681],{"class":66},[60,124364,71],{"class":70},[60,124366,91],{"class":78},[60,124368,1619],{"class":82},[60,124370,2389],{"class":78},[60,124372,124373,124375,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385,124387,124389,124391],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124374,143],{"class":142},[60,124376,130],{"class":74},[60,124378,35702],{"class":126},[60,124380,123],{"class":74},[60,124382,42246],{"class":126},[60,124384,130],{"class":74},[60,124386,79],{"class":78},[60,124388,551],{"class":82},[60,124390,79],{"class":78},[60,124392,1042],{"class":74},[60,124394,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407,124409,124412,124414],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,124396,143],{"class":142},[60,124398,130],{"class":74},[60,124400,35702],{"class":126},[60,124402,123],{"class":74},[60,124404,42246],{"class":126},[60,124406,130],{"class":74},[60,124408,79],{"class":78},[60,124410,124411],{"class":82},"na",[60,124413,79],{"class":78},[60,124415,1042],{"class":74},[20,124417,153],{},[51,124419,124421],{"className":53,"code":124420,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"3\n2\n",[15,124422,124423,124427],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124424,124425],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124426,47599],{"class":1402},[60,124428,124429],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124430,18050],{"class":1402},[20,124432,171,124433,124436],{},[15,124434,124435],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[46,124438,13990,124440,13993],{"id":124439},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,124441,58270],{},[20,124443,124444,124446],{},[15,124445,58270],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,124448,14046],{},[33,124450,124451,124454,124457,124459],{},[36,124452,124453],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[36,124455,124456],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[36,124458,44639],{},[36,124460,124461],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,124463,124464,124465,124467,124468,287,124470,124472],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,124466,19089],{}," characters are in ",[15,124469,66249],{},[15,124471,58270],{}," is a simple choice.",[46,124474,389],{"id":388},[51,124476,124478],{"className":53,"code":124477,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,124479,124480],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124481,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124483,1179],{"class":66},[60,124485,123],{"class":74},[60,124487,42246],{"class":126},[60,124489,130],{"class":74},[60,124491,3487],{"class":126},[60,124493,88],{"class":74},[60,124495,37041],{"class":126},[60,124497,88],{"class":74},[60,124499,66015],{"class":126},[60,124501,136],{"class":74},[415,124503,18389],{"id":18388},[33,124505,124506,124511,124516],{},[36,124507,124508,124510],{},[15,124509,3487],{},": the text to search for",[36,124512,124513,124515],{},[15,124514,37062],{},": optional; where counting begins",[36,124517,124518,124520],{},[15,124519,53640],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,124522,124523,2360,124525,124527],{},[15,124524,37062],{},[15,124526,53640],{}," work like slice positions:",[33,124529,124530,124535],{},[36,124531,124532,124534],{},[15,124533,37062],{}," is included",[36,124536,124537,76716],{},[15,124538,53640],{},[46,124540,18413],{"id":18412},[20,124542,124543,124545],{},[15,124544,58270],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,124547,3143],{},[33,124549,124550,124555],{},[36,124551,124552,124553],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,124554,3079],{},[36,124556,124557,124558],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,124559,3137],{},[20,124561,41892,124562,6161,124564,3894,124566,123],{},[4753,124563,5632],{},[15,124565,4616],{},[15,124567,4685],{},[20,124569,124570,124571,124576],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[551,124572,124574,102570],{"href":124573},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,124575,2672],{}," is often a better fit.",[46,124578,12470],{"id":12469},[20,124580,124581],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[51,124583,124585],{"className":53,"code":124584,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,124586,124587,124599,124621,124625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124588,124589,124591,124593,124595,124597],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124590,35681],{"class":66},[60,124592,71],{"class":70},[60,124594,91],{"class":78},[60,124596,1604],{"class":82},[60,124598,2389],{"class":78},[60,124600,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617,124619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124602,114],{"class":66},[60,124604,71],{"class":70},[60,124606,43826],{"class":66},[60,124608,123],{"class":74},[60,124610,42246],{"class":126},[60,124612,130],{"class":74},[60,124614,79],{"class":78},[60,124616,20],{"class":82},[60,124618,79],{"class":78},[60,124620,136],{"class":74},[60,124622,124623],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,124624,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,124626,124627,124629,124631,124633],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,124628,143],{"class":142},[60,124630,130],{"class":74},[60,124632,148],{"class":126},[60,124634,136],{"class":74},[20,124636,153],{},[51,124638,124639],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124640,124641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124642,124643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124644,18050],{"class":1402},[20,124646,64794,124647,124650,124651,123],{},[15,124648,124649],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,124652,58813],{},[46,124654,124656],{"id":124655},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,124658,124659,124661],{},[15,124660,58270],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[51,124663,124665],{"className":53,"code":124664,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,124666,124667,124680],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124668,124669,124671,124673,124675,124678],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124670,35681],{"class":66},[60,124672,71],{"class":70},[60,124674,91],{"class":78},[60,124676,124677],{"class":82},"cat dog cat bird cat",[60,124679,2389],{"class":78},[60,124681,124682,124684,124686,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696,124698,124700],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124683,143],{"class":142},[60,124685,130],{"class":74},[60,124687,35702],{"class":126},[60,124689,123],{"class":74},[60,124691,42246],{"class":126},[60,124693,130],{"class":74},[60,124695,79],{"class":78},[60,124697,38035],{"class":82},[60,124699,79],{"class":78},[60,124701,1042],{"class":74},[20,124703,153],{},[51,124705,124706],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124707,124708],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124709,124710],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124711,47599],{"class":1402},[20,124713,124714],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,124716,236],{},[51,124718,124720],{"className":53,"code":124719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,124721,124722,124735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124723,124724,124726,124728,124730,124733],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124725,35681],{"class":66},[60,124727,71],{"class":70},[60,124729,91],{"class":78},[60,124731,124732],{"class":82},"one One one",[60,124734,2389],{"class":78},[60,124736,124737,124739,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124738,143],{"class":142},[60,124740,130],{"class":74},[60,124742,35702],{"class":126},[60,124744,123],{"class":74},[60,124746,42246],{"class":126},[60,124748,130],{"class":74},[60,124750,79],{"class":78},[60,124752,895],{"class":82},[60,124754,79],{"class":78},[60,124756,1042],{"class":74},[20,124758,153],{},[51,124760,124761],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124762,124763],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124764,124765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124766,18050],{"class":1402},[20,124768,124769,124770,124773,124774,124776],{},"The uppercase ",[15,124771,124772],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,124775,58270],{}," is case-sensitive.",[46,124778,9413,124779,2360,124781],{"id":66381},[15,124780,37062],{},[15,124782,53640],{},[20,124784,124785],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[51,124787,124789],{"className":53,"code":124788,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,124790,124791,124803,124829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124792,124793,124795,124797,124799,124801],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124794,35681],{"class":66},[60,124796,71],{"class":70},[60,124798,91],{"class":78},[60,124800,1619],{"class":82},[60,124802,2389],{"class":78},[60,124804,124805,124807,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124806,143],{"class":142},[60,124808,130],{"class":74},[60,124810,35702],{"class":126},[60,124812,123],{"class":74},[60,124814,42246],{"class":126},[60,124816,130],{"class":74},[60,124818,79],{"class":78},[60,124820,551],{"class":82},[60,124822,79],{"class":78},[60,124824,88],{"class":74},[60,124826,1437],{"class":1402},[60,124828,1042],{"class":74},[60,124830,124831,124833,124835,124837,124839,124841,124843,124845,124847,124849,124851,124853,124855,124857],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,124832,143],{"class":142},[60,124834,130],{"class":74},[60,124836,35702],{"class":126},[60,124838,123],{"class":74},[60,124840,42246],{"class":126},[60,124842,130],{"class":74},[60,124844,79],{"class":78},[60,124846,551],{"class":82},[60,124848,79],{"class":78},[60,124850,88],{"class":74},[60,124852,1437],{"class":1402},[60,124854,88],{"class":74},[60,124856,5606],{"class":1402},[60,124858,1042],{"class":74},[20,124860,153],{},[51,124862,124864],{"className":53,"code":124863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"2\n1\n",[15,124865,124866,124870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124867,124868],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124869,18050],{"class":1402},[60,124871,124872],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124873,47899],{"class":1402},[415,124875,124877],{"id":124876},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124879,124880,124881,3901],{},"In ",[15,124882,66249],{},[33,124884,124885,124893,124901],{},[36,124886,71940,124887,124889,124890],{},[15,124888,1925],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124891,124892],{},"\"n\"",[36,124894,124895,124898,124899,77013],{},[15,124896,124897],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124900,1925],{},[36,124902,124903,124898,124906,124908,124909],{},[15,124904,124905],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124907,1925],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124910,3154],{},[20,124912,124913],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[51,124915,124917],{"className":53,"code":124916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124918,124919,124931],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124920,124921,124923,124925,124927,124929],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124922,35681],{"class":66},[60,124924,71],{"class":70},[60,124926,91],{"class":78},[60,124928,1619],{"class":82},[60,124930,2389],{"class":78},[60,124932,124933,124935,124937,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,124934,143],{"class":142},[60,124936,130],{"class":74},[60,124938,35702],{"class":126},[60,124940,353],{"class":74},[60,124942,1925],{"class":1402},[60,124944,3901],{"class":74},[60,124946,3154],{"class":1402},[60,124948,2677],{"class":74},[20,124950,153],{},[51,124952,124953],{"className":53,"code":42455,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,124954,124955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124956,124957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124958,42455],{"class":66},[20,124960,124961],{},"Only that section is searched.",[46,124963,124965],{"id":124964},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124967,124968,124776],{},[15,124969,58270],{},[20,124971,3124],{},[33,124973,124974,124982],{},[36,124975,124976,2360,124978,124981],{},[15,124977,19089],{},[15,124979,124980],{},"\"A\""," are different",[36,124983,124984,2360,124986,124981],{},[15,124985,65509],{},[15,124987,91389],{},[20,124989,236],{},[51,124991,124993],{"className":53,"code":124992,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124994,124995,125008],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,124996,124997,124999,125001,125003,125006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,124998,35681],{"class":66},[60,125000,71],{"class":70},[60,125002,91],{"class":78},[60,125004,125005],{"class":82},"Apple apple APPLE",[60,125007,2389],{"class":78},[60,125009,125010,125012,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125011,143],{"class":142},[60,125013,130],{"class":74},[60,125015,35702],{"class":126},[60,125017,123],{"class":74},[60,125019,42246],{"class":126},[60,125021,130],{"class":74},[60,125023,79],{"class":78},[60,125025,1604],{"class":82},[60,125027,79],{"class":78},[60,125029,1042],{"class":74},[20,125031,153],{},[51,125033,125034],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125035,125036],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125037,125038],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125039,47899],{"class":1402},[20,125041,125042,125043,3901],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[551,125044,125046],{"href":125045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,125047,125048],{},"lower()",[51,125050,125052],{"className":53,"code":125051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,125053,125054,125066],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125055,125056,125058,125060,125062,125064],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125057,35681],{"class":66},[60,125059,71],{"class":70},[60,125061,91],{"class":78},[60,125063,125005],{"class":82},[60,125065,2389],{"class":78},[60,125067,125068,125070,125072,125074,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125069,143],{"class":142},[60,125071,130],{"class":74},[60,125073,35702],{"class":126},[60,125075,123],{"class":74},[60,125077,9637],{"class":126},[60,125079,9634],{"class":74},[60,125081,42246],{"class":126},[60,125083,130],{"class":74},[60,125085,79],{"class":78},[60,125087,1604],{"class":82},[60,125089,79],{"class":78},[60,125091,1042],{"class":74},[20,125093,153],{},[51,125095,125096],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125097,125098],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125099,125100],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125101,47599],{"class":1402},[46,125103,3845],{"id":3844},[20,125105,24088,125106,123],{},[15,125107,58270],{},[415,125109,9449,125111,125113],{"id":125110},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,125112,58270],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,125115,125116],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[51,125118,125120],{"className":53,"code":125119,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,125121,125122,125135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130,125133],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125125,35681],{"class":66},[60,125127,71],{"class":70},[60,125129,91],{"class":78},[60,125131,125132],{"class":82},"Aardvark",[60,125134,2389],{"class":78},[60,125136,125137,125139,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125138,143],{"class":142},[60,125140,130],{"class":74},[60,125142,35702],{"class":126},[60,125144,123],{"class":74},[60,125146,42246],{"class":126},[60,125148,130],{"class":74},[60,125150,79],{"class":78},[60,125152,551],{"class":82},[60,125154,79],{"class":78},[60,125156,1042],{"class":74},[20,125158,153],{},[51,125160,125161],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125162,125163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125164,125165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125166,18050],{"class":1402},[20,125168,124769,125169,125171],{},[15,125170,124980],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,125173,125174],{},"If needed, convert first:",[51,125176,125178],{"className":53,"code":125177,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,125179,125180,125192],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125181,125182,125184,125186,125188,125190],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125183,35681],{"class":66},[60,125185,71],{"class":70},[60,125187,91],{"class":78},[60,125189,125132],{"class":82},[60,125191,2389],{"class":78},[60,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125195,143],{"class":142},[60,125197,130],{"class":74},[60,125199,35702],{"class":126},[60,125201,123],{"class":74},[60,125203,9637],{"class":126},[60,125205,9634],{"class":74},[60,125207,42246],{"class":126},[60,125209,130],{"class":74},[60,125211,79],{"class":78},[60,125213,551],{"class":82},[60,125215,79],{"class":78},[60,125217,1042],{"class":74},[415,125219,125221],{"id":125220},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,125223,125224],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[51,125226,125228],{"className":53,"code":125227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,125229,125230,125242],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125231,125232,125234,125236,125238,125240],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125233,35681],{"class":66},[60,125235,71],{"class":70},[60,125237,91],{"class":78},[60,125239,1619],{"class":82},[60,125241,2389],{"class":78},[60,125243,125244,125246,125248,125250,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125245,143],{"class":142},[60,125247,130],{"class":74},[60,125249,35702],{"class":126},[60,125251,123],{"class":74},[60,125253,42246],{"class":126},[60,125255,130],{"class":74},[60,125257,551],{"class":126},[60,125259,1042],{"class":74},[20,125261,125262,125263,123],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,125264,551],{},[20,125266,2078],{},[51,125268,125270],{"className":53,"code":125269,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,125271,125272,125284],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125273,125274,125276,125278,125280,125282],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125275,35681],{"class":66},[60,125277,71],{"class":70},[60,125279,91],{"class":78},[60,125281,1619],{"class":82},[60,125283,2389],{"class":78},[60,125285,125286,125288,125290,125292,125294,125296,125298,125300,125302,125304],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125287,143],{"class":142},[60,125289,130],{"class":74},[60,125291,35702],{"class":126},[60,125293,123],{"class":74},[60,125295,42246],{"class":126},[60,125297,130],{"class":74},[60,125299,79],{"class":78},[60,125301,551],{"class":82},[60,125303,79],{"class":78},[60,125305,1042],{"class":74},[415,125307,38192,125309,9702,125311,3894,125314],{"id":125308},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,125310,58270],{},[15,125312,125313],{},"find()",[15,125315,59948],{},[20,125317,171,125318,125320,125321,123],{},[15,125319,58270],{}," when you need the ",[4753,125322,125323],{},"number of matches",[20,125325,171,125326,125320,125331,125333],{},[551,125327,125329],{"href":125328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,125330,125313],{},[4753,125332,65921],{}," of the first match.",[20,125335,171,125336,125341],{},[551,125337,125339],{"href":125338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,125340,59948],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[415,125343,125345],{"id":125344},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,125347,125348,125350],{},[15,125349,58270],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,125352,236],{},[51,125354,125356],{"className":53,"code":125355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,125357,125358,125371],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125359,125360,125362,125364,125366,125369],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125361,35681],{"class":66},[60,125363,71],{"class":70},[60,125365,91],{"class":78},[60,125367,125368],{"class":82},"aaaa",[60,125370,2389],{"class":78},[60,125372,125373,125375,125377,125379,125381,125383,125385,125387,125390,125392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125374,143],{"class":142},[60,125376,130],{"class":74},[60,125378,35702],{"class":126},[60,125380,123],{"class":74},[60,125382,42246],{"class":126},[60,125384,130],{"class":74},[60,125386,79],{"class":78},[60,125388,125389],{"class":82},"aa",[60,125391,79],{"class":78},[60,125393,1042],{"class":74},[20,125395,153],{},[51,125397,125398],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,125399,125400],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125401,125402],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125403,18050],{"class":1402},[20,125405,125406,125407,123],{},"It does not return ",[15,125408,3079],{},[20,125410,125411],{},"Why not?",[20,125413,125414],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[33,125416,125417,125426],{},[36,125418,125419,125422,125423],{},[15,125420,125421],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,125424,125425],{},"0-1",[36,125427,125428,125422,125430],{},[15,125429,125421],{},[15,125431,125432],{},"2-3",[20,125434,125435,125436,123],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,125437,125438],{},"1-2",[46,125440,5963,125441],{"id":59353},[15,125442,58270],{},[20,125444,171,125445,125447],{},[15,125446,58270],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,125449,125450],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[33,125452,125453,125462,125472,125482],{},[36,125454,171,125455,125457,125458,125461],{},[15,125456,58270],{}," when you need ",[4753,125459,125460],{},"how many times"," something appears",[36,125463,171,125464,125457,125468,125471],{},[551,125465,125466],{"href":125328},[15,125467,125313],{},[4753,125469,125470],{},"where"," it appears",[36,125473,48792,125474,125478,125479],{},[551,125475,125476,102570],{"href":124573},[15,125477,2672],{}," when you only need to know ",[4753,125480,125481],{},"if it exists",[36,125483,171,125484,125490],{},[551,125485,125487],{"href":125486},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,125488,125489],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[46,125492,26935],{"id":26934},[20,125494,2580,125495,125497],{},[15,125496,58270],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[51,125499,125501],{"className":53,"code":125500,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,125502,125503,125513,125527,125549,125575],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125504,125505,125507,125509,125511],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125506,143],{"class":142},[60,125508,130],{"class":74},[60,125510,35702],{"class":126},[60,125512,136],{"class":74},[60,125514,125515,125517,125519,125521,125523,125525],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125516,143],{"class":142},[60,125518,130],{"class":74},[60,125520,2629],{"class":1527},[60,125522,130],{"class":74},[60,125524,35702],{"class":126},[60,125526,1042],{"class":74},[60,125528,125529,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543,125545,125547],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,125530,143],{"class":142},[60,125532,130],{"class":74},[60,125534,35702],{"class":126},[60,125536,123],{"class":74},[60,125538,42246],{"class":126},[60,125540,130],{"class":74},[60,125542,79],{"class":78},[60,125544,551],{"class":82},[60,125546,79],{"class":78},[60,125548,1042],{"class":74},[60,125550,125551,125553,125555,125557,125559,125561,125563,125565,125567,125569,125571,125573],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,125552,143],{"class":142},[60,125554,130],{"class":74},[60,125556,35702],{"class":126},[60,125558,123],{"class":74},[60,125560,9637],{"class":126},[60,125562,9634],{"class":74},[60,125564,42246],{"class":126},[60,125566,130],{"class":74},[60,125568,79],{"class":78},[60,125570,551],{"class":82},[60,125572,79],{"class":78},[60,125574,1042],{"class":74},[60,125576,125577,125579,125581,125583,125585,125587,125589,125591,125593,125595],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,125578,143],{"class":142},[60,125580,130],{"class":74},[60,125582,35702],{"class":126},[60,125584,123],{"class":74},[60,125586,42246],{"class":126},[60,125588,130],{"class":74},[60,125590,79],{"class":78},[60,125592,124411],{"class":82},[60,125594,79],{"class":78},[60,125596,1042],{"class":74},[20,125598,125599],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[33,125601,125602,125605,125610,125613],{},[36,125603,125604],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,125606,125607,125609],{},[15,125608,35702],{}," not being a string",[36,125611,125612],{},"counting the wrong substring",[36,125614,125615],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,125617,59842],{},[33,125619,125620,125623,125626,125629],{},[36,125621,125622],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[36,125624,125625],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[36,125627,125628],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[36,125630,51471,125631,45611,125633,3894,125635,74286],{},[15,125632,58270],{},[15,125634,125313],{},[15,125636,2672],{},[46,125638,2804],{"id":2803},[415,125640,125642,125643,125645],{"id":125641},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,125644,58270],{}," change the original string?",[20,125647,125648],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[415,125650,15896,125652,125654],{"id":125651},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,125653,58270],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,125656,125657],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[415,125659,2846,125661,125663],{"id":125660},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,125662,58270],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,125665,6148,125666,123],{},[15,125667,3137],{},[415,125669,6170,125671,125673],{"id":125670},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,125672,58270],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,125675,125676],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[415,125678,2808,125680,125682],{"id":125679},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,125681,58270],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,125684,125685],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[46,125687,2870],{"id":2869},[33,125689,125690,125697,125704,125711,125718],{},[36,125691,125692],{},[551,125693,125694],{"href":125328},[15,125695,125696],{},"Python string find() method",[36,125698,125699],{},[551,125700,125701],{"href":125338},[15,125702,125703],{},"Python string index() method",[36,125705,125706],{},[551,125707,125708],{"href":125045},[15,125709,125710],{},"Python string lower() method",[36,125712,125713],{},[551,125714,125715],{"href":124573},[15,125716,125717],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[36,125719,125720],{},[551,125721,125722],{"href":125486},[15,125723,125724],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2912,125726,125727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":125729},[125730,125731,125733,125736,125737,125738,125739,125742,125743,125751,125752,125753,125765],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":124439,"depth":111,"text":125732},"What the count() method does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":125734},[125735],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":124655,"depth":111,"text":124656},{"id":66381,"depth":111,"text":67164,"children":125740},[125741],{"id":124876,"depth":139,"text":124877},{"id":124964,"depth":111,"text":124965},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":125744},[125745,125747,125748,125750],{"id":125110,"depth":139,"text":125746},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":125220,"depth":139,"text":125221},{"id":125308,"depth":139,"text":125749},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":125344,"depth":139,"text":125345},{"id":59353,"depth":111,"text":59984},{"id":26934,"depth":111,"text":26935},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":125754},[125755,125757,125759,125761,125763],{"id":125641,"depth":139,"text":125756},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":125651,"depth":139,"text":125758},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":125660,"depth":139,"text":125760},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":125670,"depth":139,"text":125762},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":125679,"depth":139,"text":125764},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":124314,"description":125766},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":125773,"title":125774,"body":125775,"description":127358,"extension":2980,"meta":127359,"navigation":304,"path":127360,"seo":127361,"stem":127362,"__hash__":127363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":125776,"toc":127331},[125777,125780,125783,125880,125889,125891,125910,125914,125917,125920,125933,125936,125965,125970,125975,126033,126035,126068,126073,126077,126080,126083,126112,126115,126142,126145,126148,126152,126155,126162,126225,126227,126245,126248,126252,126255,126258,126300,126303,126347,126350,126353,126357,126362,126365,126408,126410,126433,126436,126469,126472,126521,126531,126535,126538,126541,126570,126573,126584,126586,126645,126648,126652,126655,126658,126673,126682,126685,126719,126722,126749,126752,126759,126761,126764,126766,126769,126783,126792,126794,126821,126825,126828,126842,126845,126904,126908,126911,126938,126941,126968,126976,126979,127039,127041,127074,127078,127081,127100,127105,127154,127159,127161,127164,127223,127241,127243,127247,127255,127259,127262,127266,127272,127276,127286,127290,127293,127295,127328],[10,125778,125774],{"id":125779},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,125781,125782],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[51,125784,125786],{"className":53,"code":125785,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,125787,125788,125800,125812,125821,125835,125839,125849,125859,125870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125789,125790,125792,125794,125796,125798],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125791,8872],{"class":66},[60,125793,71],{"class":70},[60,125795,91],{"class":78},[60,125797,6005],{"class":82},[60,125799,2389],{"class":78},[60,125801,125802,125804,125806,125808,125810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125803,90979],{"class":66},[60,125805,71],{"class":70},[60,125807,365],{"class":78},[60,125809,2386],{"class":82},[60,125811,30693],{"class":78},[60,125813,125814,125817,125819],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,125815,125816],{"class":66},"empty ",[60,125818,71],{"class":70},[60,125820,8877],{"class":78},[60,125822,125823,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,125824,35681],{"class":66},[60,125826,71],{"class":70},[60,125828,49885],{"class":1527},[60,125830,130],{"class":74},[60,125832,51225],{"class":1402},[60,125834,136],{"class":74},[60,125836,125837],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,125838,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,125840,125841,125843,125845,125847],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,125842,143],{"class":142},[60,125844,130],{"class":74},[60,125846,8666],{"class":126},[60,125848,136],{"class":74},[60,125850,125851,125853,125855,125857],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,125852,143],{"class":142},[60,125854,130],{"class":74},[60,125856,90996],{"class":126},[60,125858,136],{"class":74},[60,125860,125861,125863,125865,125868],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,125862,143],{"class":142},[60,125864,130],{"class":74},[60,125866,125867],{"class":126},"empty",[60,125869,136],{"class":74},[60,125871,125872,125874,125876,125878],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,125873,143],{"class":142},[60,125875,130],{"class":74},[60,125877,35702],{"class":126},[60,125879,136],{"class":74},[20,125881,125882,125885,125886,125888],{},[4753,125883,125884],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125887,1578],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[46,125890,16156],{"id":16155},[33,125892,125893,125896,125899,125902,125907],{},[36,125894,125895],{},"What a string is in Python",[36,125897,125898],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[36,125900,125901],{},"How to create an empty string",[36,125903,125904,125905],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125906,1578],{},[36,125908,125909],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[46,125911,125913],{"id":125912},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125915,125916],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125918,125919],{},"Strings can contain:",[33,125921,125922,125925,125927,125930],{},[36,125923,125924],{},"Letters",[36,125926,57442],{},[36,125928,125929],{},"Spaces",[36,125931,125932],{},"Symbols",[20,125934,125935],{},"Examples of strings:",[51,125937,125939],{"className":53,"code":125938,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125940,125941,125949,125957],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125942,125943,125945,125947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125944,79],{"class":2275},[60,125946,1008],{"class":2278},[60,125948,2389],{"class":2275},[60,125950,125951,125953,125955],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125952,79],{"class":2275},[60,125954,51225],{"class":2278},[60,125956,2389],{"class":2275},[60,125958,125959,125961,125963],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,125960,79],{"class":2275},[60,125962,90122],{"class":2278},[60,125964,2389],{"class":2275},[20,125966,21972,125967,125969],{},[15,125968,51275],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125971,125972,125973,3901],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125974,3317],{},[51,125976,125978],{"className":53,"code":125977,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125979,125980,125992,126001,126005,126019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,125981,125982,125984,125986,125988,125990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,125983,35681],{"class":66},[60,125985,71],{"class":70},[60,125987,91],{"class":78},[60,125989,51225],{"class":82},[60,125991,2389],{"class":78},[60,125993,125994,125996,125998],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,125995,3233],{"class":66},[60,125997,71],{"class":70},[60,125999,126000],{"class":1402}," 123\n",[60,126002,126003],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126004,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126006,126007,126009,126011,126013,126015,126017],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126008,143],{"class":142},[60,126010,130],{"class":74},[60,126012,2629],{"class":1527},[60,126014,130],{"class":74},[60,126016,35702],{"class":126},[60,126018,1042],{"class":74},[60,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027,126029,126031],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126022,143],{"class":142},[60,126024,130],{"class":74},[60,126026,2629],{"class":1527},[60,126028,130],{"class":74},[60,126030,3255],{"class":126},[60,126032,1042],{"class":74},[20,126034,153],{},[51,126036,126038],{"className":53,"code":126037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,126039,126040,126054],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126041,126042,126044,126046,126048,126050,126052],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126043,4304],{"class":70},[60,126045,4307],{"class":3082},[60,126047,365],{"class":78},[60,126049,1528],{"class":82},[60,126051,356],{"class":78},[60,126053,4316],{"class":70},[60,126055,126056,126058,126060,126062,126064,126066],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126057,4304],{"class":70},[60,126059,4307],{"class":3082},[60,126061,365],{"class":78},[60,126063,3206],{"class":82},[60,126065,356],{"class":78},[60,126067,4316],{"class":70},[20,126069,126070,126071,123],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[551,126072,554],{"href":553},[46,126074,126076],{"id":126075},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,126078,126079],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,126081,126082],{},"You can use single quotes:",[51,126084,126086],{"className":53,"code":126085,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,126087,126088,126101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126089,126090,126093,126095,126097,126099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126091,126092],{"class":66},"greeting ",[60,126094,71],{"class":70},[60,126096,365],{"class":78},[60,126098,1008],{"class":82},[60,126100,30693],{"class":78},[60,126102,126103,126105,126107,126110],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126104,143],{"class":142},[60,126106,130],{"class":74},[60,126108,126109],{"class":126},"greeting",[60,126111,136],{"class":74},[20,126113,126114],{},"Or double quotes:",[51,126116,126118],{"className":53,"code":126117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,126119,126120,126132],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126121,126122,126124,126126,126128,126130],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126123,126092],{"class":66},[60,126125,71],{"class":70},[60,126127,91],{"class":78},[60,126129,1008],{"class":82},[60,126131,2389],{"class":78},[60,126133,126134,126136,126138,126140],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126135,143],{"class":142},[60,126137,130],{"class":74},[60,126139,126109],{"class":126},[60,126141,136],{"class":74},[20,126143,126144],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,126146,126147],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[46,126149,126151],{"id":126150},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,126153,126154],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,126156,126157,126158,3894,126160,3901],{},"Use either ",[15,126159,226],{},[15,126161,4784],{},[51,126163,126165],{"className":53,"code":126164,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,126166,126167,126176,126185,126189,126200,126211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126168,126169,126172,126174],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126170,126171],{"class":66},"empty1 ",[60,126173,71],{"class":70},[60,126175,8877],{"class":78},[60,126177,126178,126181,126183],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126179,126180],{"class":66},"empty2 ",[60,126182,71],{"class":70},[60,126184,48478],{"class":78},[60,126186,126187],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126188,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126190,126191,126193,126195,126198],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126192,143],{"class":142},[60,126194,130],{"class":74},[60,126196,126197],{"class":126},"empty1",[60,126199,136],{"class":74},[60,126201,126202,126204,126206,126209],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126203,143],{"class":142},[60,126205,130],{"class":74},[60,126207,126208],{"class":126},"empty2",[60,126210,136],{"class":74},[60,126212,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221,126223],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,126214,143],{"class":142},[60,126216,130],{"class":74},[60,126218,2629],{"class":1527},[60,126220,130],{"class":74},[60,126222,126197],{"class":126},[60,126224,1042],{"class":74},[20,126226,153],{},[51,126228,126229],{"className":53,"code":46752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,126230,126231],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126232,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126234,4304],{"class":70},[60,126236,4307],{"class":3082},[60,126238,365],{"class":78},[60,126240,1528],{"class":82},[60,126242,356],{"class":78},[60,126244,4316],{"class":70},[20,126246,126247],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[46,126249,126251],{"id":126250},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,126253,126254],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,126256,126257],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[51,126259,126261],{"className":53,"code":126260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126262,126263,126274,126279,126286,126290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126264,126265,126267,126269,126272],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126266,90979],{"class":66},[60,126268,71],{"class":70},[60,126270,126271],{"class":78}," \"\"\"",[60,126273,89922],{"class":82},[60,126275,126276],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126277,126278],{"class":82},"Welcome to Python\n",[60,126280,126281,126284],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126282,126283],{"class":82},"Have a nice day",[60,126285,44317],{"class":78},[60,126287,126288],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126289,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126291,126292,126294,126296,126298],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126293,143],{"class":142},[60,126295,130],{"class":74},[60,126297,90996],{"class":126},[60,126299,136],{"class":74},[20,126301,126302],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[51,126304,126306],{"className":53,"code":126305,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126307,126308,126320,126325,126333,126337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126309,126310,126312,126314,126317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126311,90979],{"class":66},[60,126313,71],{"class":70},[60,126315,126316],{"class":78}," '''",[60,126318,126319],{"class":82},"Line 1\n",[60,126321,126322],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126323,126324],{"class":82},"Line 2\n",[60,126326,126327,126330],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126328,126329],{"class":82},"Line 3",[60,126331,126332],{"class":78},"'''\n",[60,126334,126335],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126336,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126338,126339,126341,126343,126345],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126340,143],{"class":142},[60,126342,130],{"class":74},[60,126344,90996],{"class":126},[60,126346,136],{"class":74},[20,126348,126349],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,126351,126352],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[46,126354,126356],{"id":126355},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,126358,2997,126359,126361],{},[15,126360,1578],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,126363,126364],{},"Example with a number:",[51,126366,126368],{"className":53,"code":126367,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,126369,126370,126384,126394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126371,126372,126374,126376,126378,126380,126382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126373,35681],{"class":66},[60,126375,71],{"class":70},[60,126377,49885],{"class":1527},[60,126379,130],{"class":74},[60,126381,47508],{"class":1402},[60,126383,136],{"class":74},[60,126385,126386,126388,126390,126392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126387,143],{"class":142},[60,126389,130],{"class":74},[60,126391,35702],{"class":126},[60,126393,136],{"class":74},[60,126395,126396,126398,126400,126402,126404,126406],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126397,143],{"class":142},[60,126399,130],{"class":74},[60,126401,2629],{"class":1527},[60,126403,130],{"class":74},[60,126405,35702],{"class":126},[60,126407,1042],{"class":74},[20,126409,153],{},[51,126411,126413],{"className":53,"code":126412,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126414,126415,126419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126416,126417],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126418,47594],{"class":1402},[60,126420,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126422,4304],{"class":70},[60,126424,4307],{"class":3082},[60,126426,365],{"class":78},[60,126428,1528],{"class":82},[60,126430,356],{"class":78},[60,126432,4316],{"class":70},[20,126434,126435],{},"You can also convert other values:",[51,126437,126439],{"className":53,"code":126438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,126440,126441,126455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126442,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126444,143],{"class":142},[60,126446,130],{"class":74},[60,126448,1528],{"class":1527},[60,126450,130],{"class":74},[60,126452,4616],{"class":1611},[60,126454,1042],{"class":74},[60,126456,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126458,143],{"class":142},[60,126460,130],{"class":74},[60,126462,1528],{"class":1527},[60,126464,130],{"class":74},[60,126466,41129],{"class":1402},[60,126468,1042],{"class":74},[20,126470,126471],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[51,126473,126475],{"className":53,"code":126474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126476,126477,126485,126507,126511],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126478,126479,126481,126483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126480,22623],{"class":66},[60,126482,71],{"class":70},[60,126484,46207],{"class":1402},[60,126486,126487,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501,126503,126505],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126488,90979],{"class":66},[60,126490,71],{"class":70},[60,126492,91],{"class":78},[60,126494,90398],{"class":82},[60,126496,79],{"class":78},[60,126498,2421],{"class":70},[60,126500,49885],{"class":1527},[60,126502,130],{"class":74},[60,126504,10296],{"class":126},[60,126506,136],{"class":74},[60,126508,126509],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126510,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126512,126513,126515,126517,126519],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126514,143],{"class":142},[60,126516,130],{"class":74},[60,126518,90996],{"class":126},[60,126520,136],{"class":74},[20,126522,126523,126524,3894,126528,123],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[551,126525,163,126526,1579],{"href":1575},[15,126527,1578],{},[551,126529,126530],{"href":124245},"how to convert int to string in Python",[46,126532,126534],{"id":126533},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,126536,126537],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,126539,126540],{},"Both of these are valid:",[51,126542,126544],{"className":53,"code":126543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,126545,126546,126558],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126547,126548,126550,126552,126554,126556],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126549,3569],{"class":66},[60,126551,71],{"class":70},[60,126553,365],{"class":78},[60,126555,83],{"class":82},[60,126557,30693],{"class":78},[60,126559,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126561,3596],{"class":66},[60,126563,71],{"class":70},[60,126565,91],{"class":78},[60,126567,83],{"class":82},[60,126569,2389],{"class":78},[20,126571,126572],{},"A common rule is:",[33,126574,126575,126578,126581],{},[36,126576,126577],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[36,126579,126580],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[36,126582,126583],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,126585,236],{},[51,126587,126589],{"className":53,"code":126588,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126590,126591,126605,126619,126623,126634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126592,126593,126596,126598,126600,126603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126594,126595],{"class":66},"text1 ",[60,126597,71],{"class":70},[60,126599,91],{"class":78},[60,126601,126602],{"class":82},"It's working",[60,126604,2389],{"class":78},[60,126606,126607,126610,126612,126614,126617],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126608,126609],{"class":66},"text2 ",[60,126611,71],{"class":70},[60,126613,365],{"class":78},[60,126615,126616],{"class":82},"She said \"hello\"",[60,126618,30693],{"class":78},[60,126620,126621],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126622,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126624,126625,126627,126629,126632],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126626,143],{"class":142},[60,126628,130],{"class":74},[60,126630,126631],{"class":126},"text1",[60,126633,136],{"class":74},[60,126635,126636,126638,126640,126643],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126637,143],{"class":142},[60,126639,130],{"class":74},[60,126641,126642],{"class":126},"text2",[60,126644,136],{"class":74},[20,126646,126647],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[46,126649,126651],{"id":126650},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,126653,126654],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,126656,126657],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[51,126659,126661],{"className":53,"code":126660,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,126662,126663,126668],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126664,126665],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126666,126667],{"class":4674},"# This will cause an error\n",[60,126669,126670],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126671,126672],{"class":4674},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,126674,126675,126676,36323,126678,126681],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,126677,356],{},[15,126679,126680],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,126683,126684],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[51,126686,126688],{"className":53,"code":126687,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,126689,126690,126709],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126691,126692,126694,126696,126698,126701,126704,126707],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126693,35681],{"class":66},[60,126695,71],{"class":70},[60,126697,365],{"class":78},[60,126699,126700],{"class":82},"It",[60,126702,126703],{"class":1313},"\\'",[60,126705,126706],{"class":82},"s working",[60,126708,30693],{"class":78},[60,126710,126711,126713,126715,126717],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126712,143],{"class":142},[60,126714,130],{"class":74},[60,126716,35702],{"class":126},[60,126718,136],{"class":74},[20,126720,126721],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[51,126723,126725],{"className":53,"code":126724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126726,126727,126739],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126728,126729,126731,126733,126735,126737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126730,35681],{"class":66},[60,126732,71],{"class":70},[60,126734,91],{"class":78},[60,126736,126602],{"class":82},[60,126738,2389],{"class":78},[60,126740,126741,126743,126745,126747],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126742,143],{"class":142},[60,126744,130],{"class":74},[60,126746,35702],{"class":126},[60,126748,136],{"class":74},[20,126750,126751],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,126753,126754,126755,123],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[551,126756,126758],{"href":126757},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[46,126760,3845],{"id":3844},[20,126762,126763],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[415,126765,91186],{"id":91185},[20,126767,126768],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[51,126770,126772],{"className":53,"code":126771,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,126773,126774,126778],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126775,126776],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126777,126667],{"class":4674},[60,126779,126780],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126781,126782],{"class":4674},"# name = Alice\n",[20,126784,126785,126786,9598,126789,126791],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,126787,126788],{},"NameError",[15,126790,6005],{}," is not defined.",[20,126793,2078],{},[51,126795,126797],{"className":53,"code":126796,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,126798,126799,126811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126800,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126802,8872],{"class":66},[60,126804,71],{"class":70},[60,126806,91],{"class":78},[60,126808,6005],{"class":82},[60,126810,2389],{"class":78},[60,126812,126813,126815,126817,126819],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126814,143],{"class":142},[60,126816,130],{"class":74},[60,126818,8666],{"class":126},[60,126820,136],{"class":74},[415,126822,126824],{"id":126823},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,126826,126827],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[51,126829,126831],{"className":53,"code":126830,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,126832,126833,126837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126834,126835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126836,126667],{"class":4674},[60,126838,126839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126840,126841],{"class":4674},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,126843,126844],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[51,126846,126848],{"className":53,"code":126847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,126849,126850,126867,126880,126884,126894],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126851,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126865],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126853,126595],{"class":66},[60,126855,71],{"class":70},[60,126857,365],{"class":78},[60,126859,126700],{"class":82},[60,126861,126703],{"class":1313},[60,126863,126864],{"class":82},"s good",[60,126866,30693],{"class":78},[60,126868,126869,126871,126873,126875,126878],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126870,126609],{"class":66},[60,126872,71],{"class":70},[60,126874,91],{"class":78},[60,126876,126877],{"class":82},"It's good",[60,126879,2389],{"class":78},[60,126881,126882],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,126883,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,126885,126886,126888,126890,126892],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,126887,143],{"class":142},[60,126889,130],{"class":74},[60,126891,126631],{"class":126},[60,126893,136],{"class":74},[60,126895,126896,126898,126900,126902],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,126897,143],{"class":142},[60,126899,130],{"class":74},[60,126901,126642],{"class":126},[60,126903,136],{"class":74},[415,126905,126907],{"id":126906},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126909,126910],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[51,126912,126914],{"className":53,"code":126913,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126915,126916,126928],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126917,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126919,35681],{"class":66},[60,126921,71],{"class":70},[60,126923,126271],{"class":78},[60,126925,1008],{"class":82},[60,126927,44317],{"class":78},[60,126929,126930,126932,126934,126936],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126931,143],{"class":142},[60,126933,130],{"class":74},[60,126935,35702],{"class":126},[60,126937,136],{"class":74},[20,126939,126940],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[51,126942,126944],{"className":53,"code":126943,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126945,126946,126958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126947,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126949,35681],{"class":66},[60,126951,71],{"class":70},[60,126953,91],{"class":78},[60,126955,1008],{"class":82},[60,126957,2389],{"class":78},[60,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126961,143],{"class":142},[60,126963,130],{"class":74},[60,126965,35702],{"class":126},[60,126967,136],{"class":74},[415,126969,5580,126971,2360,126973,126975],{"id":126970},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126972,51225],{},[15,126974,51275],{}," are the same type",[20,126977,126978],{},"They are different:",[51,126980,126982],{"className":53,"code":126981,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126983,126984,126993,127006,127010,127024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,126985,126986,126989,126991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,126987,126988],{"class":66},"value1 ",[60,126990,71],{"class":70},[60,126992,126000],{"class":1402},[60,126994,126995,126998,127000,127002,127004],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,126996,126997],{"class":66},"value2 ",[60,126999,71],{"class":70},[60,127001,91],{"class":78},[60,127003,51225],{"class":82},[60,127005,2389],{"class":78},[60,127007,127008],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127009,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,127011,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,127013,143],{"class":142},[60,127015,130],{"class":74},[60,127017,2629],{"class":1527},[60,127019,130],{"class":74},[60,127021,85743],{"class":126},[60,127023,1042],{"class":74},[60,127025,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034,127037],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,127027,143],{"class":142},[60,127029,130],{"class":74},[60,127031,2629],{"class":1527},[60,127033,130],{"class":74},[60,127035,127036],{"class":126},"value2",[60,127038,1042],{"class":74},[20,127040,153],{},[51,127042,127044],{"className":53,"code":127043,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,127045,127046,127060],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127047,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127049,4304],{"class":70},[60,127051,4307],{"class":3082},[60,127053,365],{"class":78},[60,127055,3206],{"class":82},[60,127057,356],{"class":78},[60,127059,4316],{"class":70},[60,127061,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127063,4304],{"class":70},[60,127065,4307],{"class":3082},[60,127067,365],{"class":78},[60,127069,1528],{"class":82},[60,127071,356],{"class":78},[60,127073,4316],{"class":70},[415,127075,127077],{"id":127076},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,127079,127080],{},"This causes a type error:",[51,127082,127084],{"className":53,"code":127083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,127085,127086,127090,127095],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127087,127088],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127089,126667],{"class":4674},[60,127091,127092],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127093,127094],{"class":4674},"# age = 10\n",[60,127096,127097],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127098,127099],{"class":4674},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,127101,127102,127103,3901],{},"Fix it with ",[15,127104,1578],{},[51,127106,127108],{"className":53,"code":127107,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,127109,127110,127118,127140,127144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127111,127112,127114,127116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127113,22623],{"class":66},[60,127115,71],{"class":70},[60,127117,3601],{"class":1402},[60,127119,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127121,90979],{"class":66},[60,127123,71],{"class":70},[60,127125,91],{"class":78},[60,127127,90398],{"class":82},[60,127129,79],{"class":78},[60,127131,2421],{"class":70},[60,127133,49885],{"class":1527},[60,127135,130],{"class":74},[60,127137,10296],{"class":126},[60,127139,136],{"class":74},[60,127141,127142],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127143,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,127145,127146,127148,127150,127152],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,127147,143],{"class":142},[60,127149,130],{"class":74},[60,127151,90996],{"class":126},[60,127153,136],{"class":74},[20,127155,127156,127157,123],{},"For this specific error, see ",[551,127158,91377],{"href":91376},[415,127160,61687],{"id":61686},[20,127162,127163],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[51,127165,127167],{"className":53,"code":127166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,127168,127169,127181,127185,127195,127209],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127170,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127172,35681],{"class":66},[60,127174,71],{"class":70},[60,127176,91],{"class":78},[60,127178,1008],{"class":82},[60,127180,2389],{"class":78},[60,127182,127183],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127184,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,127186,127187,127189,127191,127193],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127188,143],{"class":142},[60,127190,130],{"class":74},[60,127192,35702],{"class":126},[60,127194,136],{"class":74},[60,127196,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205,127207],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,127198,143],{"class":142},[60,127200,130],{"class":74},[60,127202,2629],{"class":1527},[60,127204,130],{"class":74},[60,127206,35702],{"class":126},[60,127208,1042],{"class":74},[60,127210,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,127212,143],{"class":142},[60,127214,130],{"class":74},[60,127216,42766],{"class":142},[60,127218,130],{"class":74},[60,127220,35702],{"class":126},[60,127222,1042],{"class":74},[33,127224,127225,127230,127235],{},[36,127226,127227,47260],{},[15,127228,127229],{},"print(text)",[36,127231,127232,47265],{},[15,127233,127234],{},"print(type(text))",[36,127236,127237,127240],{},[15,127238,127239],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[46,127242,2804],{"id":2803},[415,127244,127246],{"id":127245},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,127248,127249,127250,3894,127253,123],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,127251,127252],{},"'hello'",[15,127254,65509],{},[415,127256,127258],{"id":127257},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,127260,127261],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[415,127263,127265],{"id":127264},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,127267,171,127268,3894,127270,123],{},[15,127269,226],{},[15,127271,4784],{},[415,127273,127275],{"id":127274},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,127277,171,127278,127280,127281,127283,127284,123],{},[15,127279,1578],{},", like ",[15,127282,81353],{},", which returns ",[15,127285,43113],{},[415,127287,127289],{"id":127288},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,127291,127292],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[46,127294,2870],{"id":2869},[33,127296,127297,127301,127307,127312,127320,127324],{},[36,127298,127299],{},[551,127300,554],{"href":553},[36,127302,127303],{},[551,127304,163,127305,1579],{"href":1575},[15,127306,1578],{},[36,127308,127309],{},[551,127310,127311],{"href":124245},"How to convert int to string in Python",[36,127313,127314],{},[551,127315,2883,127317,2887],{"href":127316},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,127318,127319],{},"format()",[36,127321,127322],{},[551,127323,126758],{"href":126757},[36,127325,127326],{},[551,127327,91377],{"href":91376},[2912,127329,127330],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":127332},[127333,127334,127335,127336,127337,127338,127339,127340,127341,127350,127357],{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":125912,"depth":111,"text":125913},{"id":126075,"depth":111,"text":126076},{"id":126150,"depth":111,"text":126151},{"id":126250,"depth":111,"text":126251},{"id":126355,"depth":111,"text":126356},{"id":126533,"depth":111,"text":126534},{"id":126650,"depth":111,"text":126651},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":127342},[127343,127344,127345,127346,127348,127349],{"id":91185,"depth":139,"text":91186},{"id":126823,"depth":139,"text":126824},{"id":126906,"depth":139,"text":126907},{"id":126970,"depth":139,"text":127347},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":127076,"depth":139,"text":127077},{"id":61686,"depth":139,"text":61687},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":127351},[127352,127353,127354,127355,127356],{"id":127245,"depth":139,"text":127246},{"id":127257,"depth":139,"text":127258},{"id":127264,"depth":139,"text":127265},{"id":127274,"depth":139,"text":127275},{"id":127288,"depth":139,"text":127289},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":125774,"description":127358},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":127365,"title":127366,"body":127367,"description":129280,"extension":2980,"meta":129281,"navigation":304,"path":129282,"seo":129283,"stem":129284,"__hash__":129285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":127368,"toc":129241},[127369,127375,127380,127388,127390,127457,127459,127471,127480,127485,127489,127506,127508,127573,127575,127587,127592,127594,127622,127643,127646,127685,127687,127695,127699,127703,127707,127715,127718,127759,127761,127769,127772,127829,127831,127839,127843,127848,127892,127894,127902,127911,127915,127920,127968,127970,127978,127984,127986,127990,128002,128007,128086,128088,128108,128112,128116,128156,128158,128166,128170,128212,128214,128222,128226,128266,128268,128276,128280,128336,128338,128346,128352,128354,128358,128368,128435,128437,128450,128457,128500,128502,128510,128514,128517,128573,128575,128583,128586,128588,128665,128667,128675,128684,128686,128690,128694,128696,128718,128721,128768,128772,128811,128813,128821,128823,128865,128872,128877,128939,128941,128953,128959,128964,129013,129015,129034,129040,129042,129061,129063,129154,129156,129162,129169,129175,129181,129186,129195,129202,129210,129212,129238],[10,127370,13,127372,18],{"id":127371},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,127373,127374],{},"endswith()",[20,127376,22,127377,127379],{},[15,127378,127374],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,127381,127382,127383,3894,127385,127387],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,127384,4616],{},[15,127386,4685],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[46,127389,3022],{"id":3021},[51,127391,127393],{"className":53,"code":127392,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127394,127395,127409,127434],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127396,127397,127400,127402,127404,127407],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127398,127399],{"class":66},"filename ",[60,127401,71],{"class":70},[60,127403,91],{"class":78},[60,127405,127406],{"class":82},"report.csv",[60,127408,2389],{"class":78},[60,127410,127411,127413,127415,127418,127420,127423,127425,127427,127430,127432],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127412,143],{"class":142},[60,127414,130],{"class":74},[60,127416,127417],{"class":126},"filename",[60,127419,123],{"class":74},[60,127421,127422],{"class":126},"endswith",[60,127424,130],{"class":74},[60,127426,79],{"class":78},[60,127428,127429],{"class":82},".csv",[60,127431,79],{"class":78},[60,127433,1042],{"class":74},[60,127435,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127453,127455],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127437,143],{"class":142},[60,127439,130],{"class":74},[60,127441,127417],{"class":126},[60,127443,123],{"class":74},[60,127445,127422],{"class":126},[60,127447,130],{"class":74},[60,127449,79],{"class":78},[60,127451,127452],{"class":82},".txt",[60,127454,79],{"class":78},[60,127456,1042],{"class":74},[20,127458,153],{},[51,127460,127461],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127462,127463,127467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127464,127465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127466,4983],{"class":1611},[60,127468,127469],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127470,5044],{"class":1611},[20,127472,171,127473,6370,127475,3894,127477,127479],{},[15,127474,127374],{},[15,127476,4616],{},[15,127478,4685],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[46,127481,178,127483,181],{"id":127482},"what-endswith-does",[15,127484,127374],{},[20,127486,127487,3901],{},[15,127488,127374],{},[33,127490,127491,127494,127500,127503],{},[36,127492,127493],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[36,127495,12419,127496,3894,127498],{},[15,127497,4616],{},[15,127499,4685],{},[36,127501,127502],{},"Does not change the original string",[36,127504,127505],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,127507,236],{},[51,127509,127511],{"className":53,"code":127510,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,127512,127513,127525,127529,127551],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127514,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127516,35681],{"class":66},[60,127518,71],{"class":70},[60,127520,91],{"class":78},[60,127522,61387],{"class":82},[60,127524,2389],{"class":78},[60,127526,127527],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127528,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,127530,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,127532,143],{"class":142},[60,127534,130],{"class":74},[60,127536,35702],{"class":126},[60,127538,123],{"class":74},[60,127540,127422],{"class":126},[60,127542,130],{"class":74},[60,127544,79],{"class":78},[60,127546,1017],{"class":82},[60,127548,79],{"class":78},[60,127550,1042],{"class":74},[60,127552,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569,127571],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,127554,143],{"class":142},[60,127556,130],{"class":74},[60,127558,35702],{"class":126},[60,127560,123],{"class":74},[60,127562,127422],{"class":126},[60,127564,130],{"class":74},[60,127566,79],{"class":78},[60,127568,1008],{"class":82},[60,127570,79],{"class":78},[60,127572,1042],{"class":74},[20,127574,153],{},[51,127576,127577],{"className":53,"code":45155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127578,127579,127583],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127580,127581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127582,4983],{"class":1611},[60,127584,127585],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127586,5044],{"class":1611},[20,127588,127589,127590,123],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[551,127591,554],{"href":553},[46,127593,389],{"id":388},[51,127595,127597],{"className":53,"code":127596,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,127598,127599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127600,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127602,1179],{"class":66},[60,127604,123],{"class":74},[60,127606,127422],{"class":126},[60,127608,130],{"class":74},[60,127610,127611],{"class":126},"suffix",[60,127613,88],{"class":74},[60,127615,37041],{"class":126},[60,127617,88],{"class":74},[60,127619,66015],{"class":126},[60,127621,136],{"class":74},[33,127623,127624,127629,127636],{},[36,127625,127626,127628],{},[15,127627,127611],{}," is required",[36,127630,127631,2360,127633,127635],{},[15,127632,37062],{},[15,127634,53640],{}," are optional",[36,127637,127638,2360,127640,127642],{},[15,127639,37062],{},[15,127641,53640],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,127644,127645],{},"Basic example:",[51,127647,127649],{"className":53,"code":127648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,127650,127651,127663],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127654,127399],{"class":66},[60,127656,71],{"class":70},[60,127658,91],{"class":78},[60,127660,87868],{"class":82},[60,127662,2389],{"class":78},[60,127664,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127666,143],{"class":142},[60,127668,130],{"class":74},[60,127670,127417],{"class":126},[60,127672,123],{"class":74},[60,127674,127422],{"class":126},[60,127676,130],{"class":74},[60,127678,79],{"class":78},[60,127680,127452],{"class":82},[60,127682,79],{"class":78},[60,127684,1042],{"class":74},[20,127686,153],{},[51,127688,127689],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127690,127691],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127692,127693],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127694,4983],{"class":1611},[46,127696,127698],{"id":127697},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[415,127700,127701],{"id":127611},[15,127702,127611],{},[20,127704,127705,31742],{},[15,127706,127611],{},[33,127708,127709,127712],{},[36,127710,127711],{},"A single string",[36,127713,127714],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,127716,127717],{},"Single suffix:",[51,127719,127721],{"className":53,"code":127720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,127722,127723,127736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127724,127725,127727,127729,127731,127734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127726,8872],{"class":66},[60,127728,71],{"class":70},[60,127730,91],{"class":78},[60,127732,127733],{"class":82},"image.png",[60,127735,2389],{"class":78},[60,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127755,127757],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127739,143],{"class":142},[60,127741,130],{"class":74},[60,127743,8666],{"class":126},[60,127745,123],{"class":74},[60,127747,127422],{"class":126},[60,127749,130],{"class":74},[60,127751,79],{"class":78},[60,127753,127754],{"class":82},".png",[60,127756,79],{"class":78},[60,127758,1042],{"class":74},[20,127760,153],{},[51,127762,127763],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127764,127765],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127766,127767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127768,4983],{"class":1611},[20,127770,127771],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[51,127773,127775],{"className":53,"code":127774,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127776,127777,127789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127778,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127780,8872],{"class":66},[60,127782,71],{"class":70},[60,127784,91],{"class":78},[60,127786,127733],{"class":82},[60,127788,2389],{"class":78},[60,127790,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127825,127827],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127792,143],{"class":142},[60,127794,130],{"class":74},[60,127796,8666],{"class":126},[60,127798,123],{"class":74},[60,127800,127422],{"class":126},[60,127802,6512],{"class":74},[60,127804,79],{"class":78},[60,127806,127807],{"class":82},".jpg",[60,127809,79],{"class":78},[60,127811,88],{"class":74},[60,127813,91],{"class":78},[60,127815,127754],{"class":82},[60,127817,79],{"class":78},[60,127819,88],{"class":74},[60,127821,91],{"class":78},[60,127823,127824],{"class":82},".gif",[60,127826,79],{"class":78},[60,127828,1992],{"class":74},[20,127830,153],{},[51,127832,127833],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127834,127835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127836,127837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127838,4983],{"class":1611},[415,127840,127841],{"id":37062},[15,127842,37062],{},[20,127844,127845,127847],{},[15,127846,37062],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[51,127849,127851],{"className":53,"code":127850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127852,127853,127866],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127854,127855,127857,127859,127861,127864],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127856,35681],{"class":66},[60,127858,71],{"class":70},[60,127860,91],{"class":78},[60,127862,127863],{"class":82},"my_report.csv",[60,127865,2389],{"class":78},[60,127867,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127869,143],{"class":142},[60,127871,130],{"class":74},[60,127873,35702],{"class":126},[60,127875,123],{"class":74},[60,127877,127422],{"class":126},[60,127879,130],{"class":74},[60,127881,79],{"class":78},[60,127883,127429],{"class":82},[60,127885,79],{"class":78},[60,127887,88],{"class":74},[60,127889,1442],{"class":1402},[60,127891,1042],{"class":74},[20,127893,153],{},[51,127895,127896],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127897,127898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127899,127900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127901,4983],{"class":1611},[20,127903,127904,127905,127907,127908,123],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127906,3079],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127909,127910],{},"\"report.csv\"",[415,127912,127913],{"id":53640},[15,127914,53640],{},[20,127916,127917,127919],{},[15,127918,53640],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[51,127921,127923],{"className":53,"code":127922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127924,127925,127938],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127926,127927,127929,127931,127933,127936],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127928,35681],{"class":66},[60,127930,71],{"class":70},[60,127932,91],{"class":78},[60,127934,127935],{"class":82},"report.csv backup",[60,127937,2389],{"class":78},[60,127939,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,127941,143],{"class":142},[60,127943,130],{"class":74},[60,127945,35702],{"class":126},[60,127947,123],{"class":74},[60,127949,127422],{"class":126},[60,127951,130],{"class":74},[60,127953,79],{"class":78},[60,127955,127429],{"class":82},[60,127957,79],{"class":78},[60,127959,88],{"class":74},[60,127961,4843],{"class":1402},[60,127963,88],{"class":74},[60,127965,7005],{"class":1402},[60,127967,1042],{"class":74},[20,127969,153],{},[51,127971,127972],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,127973,127974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,127975,127976],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,127977,4983],{"class":1611},[20,127979,127980,127981,127983],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127982,127910],{}," and ignores the rest.",[46,127985,18413],{"id":18412},[20,127987,127988,26502],{},[15,127989,127374],{},[33,127991,127992,127997],{},[36,127993,127994,127996],{},[15,127995,4616],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[36,127998,127999,128001],{},[15,128000,4685],{}," if it does not",[20,128003,128004,128005,8171],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,128006,7996],{},[51,128008,128010],{"className":53,"code":128009,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,128011,128012,128025,128029,128050,128065,128071],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128013,128014,128016,128018,128020,128023],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128015,127399],{"class":66},[60,128017,71],{"class":70},[60,128019,91],{"class":78},[60,128021,128022],{"class":82},"data.csv",[60,128024,2389],{"class":78},[60,128026,128027],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128028,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,128030,128031,128033,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,128032,7996],{"class":2665},[60,128034,128035],{"class":66}," filename",[60,128037,123],{"class":74},[60,128039,127422],{"class":126},[60,128041,130],{"class":74},[60,128043,79],{"class":78},[60,128045,127429],{"class":82},[60,128047,79],{"class":78},[60,128049,9337],{"class":74},[60,128051,128052,128054,128056,128058,128061,128063],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,128053,9064],{"class":142},[60,128055,130],{"class":74},[60,128057,79],{"class":78},[60,128059,128060],{"class":82},"This is a CSV file.",[60,128062,79],{"class":78},[60,128064,136],{"class":74},[60,128066,128067,128069],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,128068,28427],{"class":2665},[60,128070,7392],{"class":74},[60,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128082,128084],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,128074,9064],{"class":142},[60,128076,130],{"class":74},[60,128078,79],{"class":78},[60,128080,128081],{"class":82},"This is not a CSV file.",[60,128083,79],{"class":78},[60,128085,136],{"class":74},[20,128087,153],{},[51,128089,128091],{"className":53,"code":128090,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,128092,128093],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128094,128095,128097,128099,128101,128104,128106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128096,50858],{"class":66},[60,128098,94],{"class":70},[60,128100,45526],{"class":66},[60,128102,128103],{"class":1313},"CSV",[60,128105,87609],{"class":87608},[60,128107,123352],{"class":74},[46,128109,128111],{"id":128110},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[415,128113,128115],{"id":128114},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[51,128117,128119],{"className":53,"code":128118,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128120,128121,128134],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128122,128123,128125,128127,128129,128132],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128124,127399],{"class":66},[60,128126,71],{"class":70},[60,128128,91],{"class":78},[60,128130,128131],{"class":82},"sales.csv",[60,128133,2389],{"class":78},[60,128135,128136,128138,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128137,143],{"class":142},[60,128139,130],{"class":74},[60,128141,127417],{"class":126},[60,128143,123],{"class":74},[60,128145,127422],{"class":126},[60,128147,130],{"class":74},[60,128149,79],{"class":78},[60,128151,127429],{"class":82},[60,128153,79],{"class":78},[60,128155,1042],{"class":74},[20,128157,153],{},[51,128159,128160],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128161,128162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128163,128164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128165,4983],{"class":1611},[415,128167,128169],{"id":128168},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[51,128171,128173],{"className":53,"code":128172,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,128174,128175,128189],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128176,128177,128180,128182,128184,128187],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128178,128179],{"class":66},"url ",[60,128181,71],{"class":70},[60,128183,91],{"class":78},[60,128185,128186],{"class":82},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[60,128188,2389],{"class":78},[60,128190,128191,128193,128195,128198,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128192,143],{"class":142},[60,128194,130],{"class":74},[60,128196,128197],{"class":126},"url",[60,128199,123],{"class":74},[60,128201,127422],{"class":126},[60,128203,130],{"class":74},[60,128205,79],{"class":78},[60,128207,1841],{"class":82},[60,128209,79],{"class":78},[60,128211,1042],{"class":74},[20,128213,153],{},[51,128215,128216],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128217,128218],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128219,128220],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128221,4983],{"class":1611},[415,128223,128225],{"id":128224},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[51,128227,128229],{"className":53,"code":128228,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,128230,128231,128244],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128232,128233,128235,128237,128239,128242],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128234,90979],{"class":66},[60,128236,71],{"class":70},[60,128238,91],{"class":78},[60,128240,128241],{"class":82},"Hello!",[60,128243,2389],{"class":78},[60,128245,128246,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128247,143],{"class":142},[60,128249,130],{"class":74},[60,128251,90996],{"class":126},[60,128253,123],{"class":74},[60,128255,127422],{"class":126},[60,128257,130],{"class":74},[60,128259,79],{"class":78},[60,128261,90820],{"class":82},[60,128263,79],{"class":78},[60,128265,1042],{"class":74},[20,128267,153],{},[51,128269,128270],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128271,128272],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128273,128274],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128275,4983],{"class":1611},[415,128277,128279],{"id":128278},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[51,128281,128283],{"className":53,"code":128282,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128284,128285,128298],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128286,128287,128289,128291,128293,128296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128288,127399],{"class":66},[60,128290,71],{"class":70},[60,128292,91],{"class":78},[60,128294,128295],{"class":82},"photo.jpg",[60,128297,2389],{"class":78},[60,128299,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324,128326,128328,128330,128332,128334],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128301,143],{"class":142},[60,128303,130],{"class":74},[60,128305,127417],{"class":126},[60,128307,123],{"class":74},[60,128309,127422],{"class":126},[60,128311,6512],{"class":74},[60,128313,79],{"class":78},[60,128315,127807],{"class":82},[60,128317,79],{"class":78},[60,128319,88],{"class":74},[60,128321,91],{"class":78},[60,128323,127754],{"class":82},[60,128325,79],{"class":78},[60,128327,88],{"class":74},[60,128329,91],{"class":78},[60,128331,127824],{"class":82},[60,128333,79],{"class":78},[60,128335,1992],{"class":74},[20,128337,153],{},[51,128339,128340],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128341,128342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128343,128344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128345,4983],{"class":1611},[20,128347,128348,128349,123],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[551,128350,128351],{"href":124573},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[46,128353,124965],{"id":124964},[20,128355,128356,124776],{},[15,128357,127374],{},[20,128359,128360,128361,2360,128364,128367],{},"That means ",[15,128362,128363],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,128365,128366],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[51,128369,128371],{"className":53,"code":128370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,128372,128373,128386,128390,128412],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128374,128375,128377,128379,128381,128384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128376,127399],{"class":66},[60,128378,71],{"class":70},[60,128380,91],{"class":78},[60,128382,128383],{"class":82},"REPORT.CSV",[60,128385,2389],{"class":78},[60,128387,128388],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128389,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,128391,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128410],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,128393,143],{"class":142},[60,128395,130],{"class":74},[60,128397,127417],{"class":126},[60,128399,123],{"class":74},[60,128401,127422],{"class":126},[60,128403,130],{"class":74},[60,128405,79],{"class":78},[60,128407,127429],{"class":82},[60,128409,79],{"class":78},[60,128411,1042],{"class":74},[60,128413,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128431,128433],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,128415,143],{"class":142},[60,128417,130],{"class":74},[60,128419,127417],{"class":126},[60,128421,123],{"class":74},[60,128423,127422],{"class":126},[60,128425,130],{"class":74},[60,128427,79],{"class":78},[60,128429,128430],{"class":82},".CSV",[60,128432,79],{"class":78},[60,128434,1042],{"class":74},[20,128436,153],{},[51,128438,128440],{"className":53,"code":128439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"False\nTrue\n",[15,128441,128442,128446],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128443,128444],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128445,5044],{"class":1611},[60,128447,128448],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128449,4983],{"class":1611},[20,128451,128452,128453,123],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[551,128454,128455],{"href":125045},[15,128456,125048],{},[51,128458,128460],{"className":53,"code":128459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128461,128462,128474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128463,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128465,127399],{"class":66},[60,128467,71],{"class":70},[60,128469,91],{"class":78},[60,128471,128383],{"class":82},[60,128473,2389],{"class":78},[60,128475,128476,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128477,143],{"class":142},[60,128479,130],{"class":74},[60,128481,127417],{"class":126},[60,128483,123],{"class":74},[60,128485,9637],{"class":126},[60,128487,9634],{"class":74},[60,128489,127422],{"class":126},[60,128491,130],{"class":74},[60,128493,79],{"class":78},[60,128495,127429],{"class":82},[60,128497,79],{"class":78},[60,128499,1042],{"class":74},[20,128501,153],{},[51,128503,128504],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128505,128506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128507,128508],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128509,4983],{"class":1611},[46,128511,128513],{"id":128512},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,128515,128516],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[51,128518,128520],{"className":53,"code":128519,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,128521,128522,128535],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128523,128524,128526,128528,128530,128533],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128525,127399],{"class":66},[60,128527,71],{"class":70},[60,128529,91],{"class":78},[60,128531,128532],{"class":82},"picture.gif",[60,128534,2389],{"class":78},[60,128536,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128538,143],{"class":142},[60,128540,130],{"class":74},[60,128542,127417],{"class":126},[60,128544,123],{"class":74},[60,128546,127422],{"class":126},[60,128548,6512],{"class":74},[60,128550,79],{"class":78},[60,128552,127807],{"class":82},[60,128554,79],{"class":78},[60,128556,88],{"class":74},[60,128558,91],{"class":78},[60,128560,127754],{"class":82},[60,128562,79],{"class":78},[60,128564,88],{"class":74},[60,128566,91],{"class":78},[60,128568,127824],{"class":82},[60,128570,79],{"class":78},[60,128572,1992],{"class":74},[20,128574,153],{},[51,128576,128577],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128578,128579],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128580,128581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128582,4983],{"class":1611},[20,128584,128585],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,128587,53059],{},[51,128589,128591],{"className":53,"code":128590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,128592,128593,128606,128641,128645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128594,128595,128598,128600,128602,128604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128596,128597],{"class":66},"document ",[60,128599,71],{"class":70},[60,128601,91],{"class":78},[60,128603,87868],{"class":82},[60,128605,2389],{"class":78},[60,128607,128608,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128628,128630,128632,128634,128637,128639],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128609,128610],{"class":66},"allowed ",[60,128612,71],{"class":70},[60,128614,1776],{"class":74},[60,128616,79],{"class":78},[60,128618,127452],{"class":82},[60,128620,79],{"class":78},[60,128622,88],{"class":74},[60,128624,91],{"class":78},[60,128626,128627],{"class":82},".md",[60,128629,79],{"class":78},[60,128631,88],{"class":74},[60,128633,91],{"class":78},[60,128635,128636],{"class":82},".docx",[60,128638,79],{"class":78},[60,128640,136],{"class":74},[60,128642,128643],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,128644,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,128646,128647,128649,128651,128654,128656,128658,128660,128663],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,128648,143],{"class":142},[60,128650,130],{"class":74},[60,128652,128653],{"class":126},"document",[60,128655,123],{"class":74},[60,128657,127422],{"class":126},[60,128659,130],{"class":74},[60,128661,128662],{"class":126},"allowed",[60,128664,1042],{"class":74},[20,128666,153],{},[51,128668,128669],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128670,128671],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128672,128673],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128674,4983],{"class":1611},[20,128676,128677,128678,123],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[551,128679,2883,128681,2887],{"href":128680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,128682,128683],{},"startswith()",[46,128685,3845],{"id":3844},[20,128687,9443,128688,123],{},[15,128689,127374],{},[415,128691,128693],{"id":128692},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,128695,2012],{},[51,128697,128699],{"className":53,"code":128698,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,128700,128701,128713],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128702,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128704,127399],{"class":66},[60,128706,71],{"class":70},[60,128708,91],{"class":78},[60,128710,128295],{"class":82},[60,128712,2389],{"class":78},[60,128714,128715],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128716,128717],{"class":4674},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,128719,128720],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[51,128722,128724],{"className":53,"code":128723,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,128725,128726,128738],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128727,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128729,127399],{"class":66},[60,128731,71],{"class":70},[60,128733,91],{"class":78},[60,128735,128295],{"class":82},[60,128737,2389],{"class":78},[60,128739,128740,128742,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128741,143],{"class":142},[60,128743,130],{"class":74},[60,128745,127417],{"class":126},[60,128747,123],{"class":74},[60,128749,127422],{"class":126},[60,128751,6512],{"class":74},[60,128753,79],{"class":78},[60,128755,127807],{"class":82},[60,128757,79],{"class":78},[60,128759,88],{"class":74},[60,128761,91],{"class":78},[60,128763,127754],{"class":82},[60,128765,79],{"class":78},[60,128767,1992],{"class":74},[415,128769,128771],{"id":128770},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[51,128773,128775],{"className":53,"code":128774,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,128776,128777,128789],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128778,128779,128781,128783,128785,128787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128780,127399],{"class":66},[60,128782,71],{"class":70},[60,128784,91],{"class":78},[60,128786,128383],{"class":82},[60,128788,2389],{"class":78},[60,128790,128791,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128792,143],{"class":142},[60,128794,130],{"class":74},[60,128796,127417],{"class":126},[60,128798,123],{"class":74},[60,128800,127422],{"class":126},[60,128802,130],{"class":74},[60,128804,79],{"class":78},[60,128806,127429],{"class":82},[60,128808,79],{"class":78},[60,128810,1042],{"class":74},[20,128812,153],{},[51,128814,128815],{"className":53,"code":5044,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128816,128817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128818,128819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128820,5044],{"class":1611},[20,128822,1929],{},[51,128824,128825],{"className":53,"code":128459,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128826,128827,128839],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128828,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128830,127399],{"class":66},[60,128832,71],{"class":70},[60,128834,91],{"class":78},[60,128836,128383],{"class":82},[60,128838,2389],{"class":78},[60,128840,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128842,143],{"class":142},[60,128844,130],{"class":74},[60,128846,127417],{"class":126},[60,128848,123],{"class":74},[60,128850,9637],{"class":126},[60,128852,9634],{"class":74},[60,128854,127422],{"class":126},[60,128856,130],{"class":74},[60,128858,79],{"class":78},[60,128860,127429],{"class":82},[60,128862,79],{"class":78},[60,128864,1042],{"class":74},[415,128866,38192,128868,9702,128870],{"id":128867},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128869,127374],{},[15,128871,2672],{},[20,128873,128874,128876],{},[15,128875,127374],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[51,128878,128880],{"className":53,"code":128879,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128881,128882,128895,128899,128921],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128883,128884,128886,128888,128890,128893],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128885,35681],{"class":66},[60,128887,71],{"class":70},[60,128889,91],{"class":78},[60,128891,128892],{"class":82},"my_report.csv.backup",[60,128894,2389],{"class":78},[60,128896,128897],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128898,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,128900,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,128902,143],{"class":142},[60,128904,130],{"class":74},[60,128906,35702],{"class":126},[60,128908,123],{"class":74},[60,128910,127422],{"class":126},[60,128912,130],{"class":74},[60,128914,79],{"class":78},[60,128916,127429],{"class":82},[60,128918,79],{"class":78},[60,128920,1042],{"class":74},[60,128922,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128935,128937],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,128924,143],{"class":142},[60,128926,130],{"class":74},[60,128928,79],{"class":78},[60,128930,127429],{"class":82},[60,128932,79],{"class":78},[60,128934,22168],{"class":2665},[60,128936,43826],{"class":126},[60,128938,136],{"class":74},[20,128940,153],{},[51,128942,128943],{"className":53,"code":128439,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,128944,128945,128949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128946,128947],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128948,5044],{"class":1611},[60,128950,128951],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128952,4983],{"class":1611},[415,128954,9449,128956,128958],{"id":128955},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128957,127374],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128960,128961,128963],{},[15,128962,127374],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[51,128965,128967],{"className":53,"code":128966,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128968,128969,128981,129003],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,128970,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,128972,127399],{"class":66},[60,128974,71],{"class":70},[60,128976,91],{"class":78},[60,128978,127406],{"class":82},[60,128980,2389],{"class":78},[60,128982,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,128984,143],{"class":142},[60,128986,130],{"class":74},[60,128988,127417],{"class":126},[60,128990,123],{"class":74},[60,128992,127422],{"class":126},[60,128994,130],{"class":74},[60,128996,79],{"class":78},[60,128998,127429],{"class":82},[60,129000,79],{"class":78},[60,129002,1042],{"class":74},[60,129004,129005,129007,129009,129011],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129006,143],{"class":142},[60,129008,130],{"class":74},[60,129010,127417],{"class":126},[60,129012,136],{"class":74},[20,129014,153],{},[51,129016,129018],{"className":53,"code":129017,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,129019,129020,129024],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129021,129022],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129023,4983],{"class":1611},[60,129025,129026,129029,129031],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129027,129028],{"class":66},"report",[60,129030,123],{"class":74},[60,129032,129033],{"class":25743},"csv\n",[20,129035,129036,129037,123],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[551,129038,129039],{"href":125486},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,129041,67038],{},[33,129043,129044,129047,129050,129053],{},[36,129045,129046],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[36,129048,129049],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[36,129051,129052],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[36,129054,9413,129055,45611,129057,3894,129059,112521],{},[15,129056,127374],{},[15,129058,125489],{},[15,129060,42640],{},[20,129062,31129],{},[51,129064,129066],{"className":53,"code":129065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,129067,129068,129078,129092,129114,129140],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129069,129070,129072,129074,129076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129071,143],{"class":142},[60,129073,130],{"class":74},[60,129075,35702],{"class":126},[60,129077,136],{"class":74},[60,129079,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129081,143],{"class":142},[60,129083,130],{"class":74},[60,129085,42766],{"class":142},[60,129087,130],{"class":74},[60,129089,35702],{"class":126},[60,129091,1042],{"class":74},[60,129093,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129095,143],{"class":142},[60,129097,130],{"class":74},[60,129099,35702],{"class":126},[60,129101,123],{"class":74},[60,129103,127422],{"class":126},[60,129105,130],{"class":74},[60,129107,356],{"class":78},[60,129109,127429],{"class":82},[60,129111,356],{"class":78},[60,129113,1042],{"class":74},[60,129115,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129117,143],{"class":142},[60,129119,130],{"class":74},[60,129121,35702],{"class":126},[60,129123,123],{"class":74},[60,129125,9637],{"class":126},[60,129127,9634],{"class":74},[60,129129,127422],{"class":126},[60,129131,130],{"class":74},[60,129133,356],{"class":78},[60,129135,127429],{"class":82},[60,129137,356],{"class":78},[60,129139,1042],{"class":74},[60,129141,129142,129144,129146,129148,129150,129152],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129143,143],{"class":142},[60,129145,130],{"class":74},[60,129147,2629],{"class":1527},[60,129149,130],{"class":74},[60,129151,35702],{"class":126},[60,129153,1042],{"class":74},[46,129155,2804],{"id":2803},[415,129157,2808,129159,129161],{"id":129158},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,129160,127374],{}," change the string?",[20,129163,129164,129165,3894,129167,123],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,129166,4616],{},[15,129168,4685],{},[415,129170,6170,129172,129174],{"id":129171},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,129173,127374],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,129176,129177,129178,123],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,129179,129180],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[415,129182,15896,129184,125654],{"id":129183},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,129185,127374],{},[20,129187,129188,129189,3894,129191,129194],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,129190,125048],{},[15,129192,129193],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[415,129196,6180,129198,2360,129200,2863],{"id":129197},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,129199,127374],{},[15,129201,125313],{},[20,129203,129204,129206,129207,129209],{},[15,129205,127374],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,129208,125313],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[46,129211,2870],{"id":2869},[33,129213,129214,129220,129226,129230,129234],{},[36,129215,129216],{},[551,129217,2883,129218,2887],{"href":128680},[15,129219,128683],{},[36,129221,129222],{},[551,129223,2883,129224,2887],{"href":125045},[15,129225,125048],{},[36,129227,129228],{},[551,129229,125717],{"href":124573},[36,129231,129232],{},[551,129233,125724],{"href":125486},[36,129235,129236],{},[551,129237,554],{"href":553},[2912,129239,129240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":129242},[129243,129244,129246,129247,129252,129253,129259,129260,129261,129269,129279],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":127482,"depth":111,"text":129245},"What endswith() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":127697,"depth":111,"text":127698,"children":129248},[129249,129250,129251],{"id":127611,"depth":139,"text":127611},{"id":37062,"depth":139,"text":37062},{"id":53640,"depth":139,"text":53640},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":128110,"depth":111,"text":128111,"children":129254},[129255,129256,129257,129258],{"id":128114,"depth":139,"text":128115},{"id":128168,"depth":139,"text":128169},{"id":128224,"depth":139,"text":128225},{"id":128278,"depth":139,"text":128279},{"id":124964,"depth":111,"text":124965},{"id":128512,"depth":111,"text":128513},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":129262},[129263,129264,129265,129267],{"id":128692,"depth":139,"text":128693},{"id":128770,"depth":139,"text":128771},{"id":128867,"depth":139,"text":129266},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128955,"depth":139,"text":129268},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":129270},[129271,129273,129275,129277],{"id":129158,"depth":139,"text":129272},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":129171,"depth":139,"text":129274},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":129183,"depth":139,"text":129276},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":129197,"depth":139,"text":129278},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":127366,"description":129280},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":129287,"title":129288,"body":129289,"description":130956,"extension":2980,"meta":130957,"navigation":304,"path":130958,"seo":130959,"stem":130960,"__hash__":130961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":129290,"toc":130929},[129291,129296,129301,129306,129311,129404,129414,129419,129424,129439,129441,129523,129531,129533,129535,129562,129564,129580,129587,129589,129697,129699,129704,129720,129722,129817,129825,129828,129834,129839,129844,129851,129990,129993,130005,130007,130011,130018,130088,130091,130140,130147,130154,130168,130173,130178,130224,130270,130286,130288,130293,130307,130310,130432,130437,130439,130444,130477,130480,130556,130558,130567,130581,130584,130668,130671,130782,130785,130813,130815,130822,130826,130832,130835,130841,130844,130851,130862,130868,130875,130877,130926],[10,129292,13,129294,18],{"id":129293},"python-string-find-method",[15,129295,125313],{},[20,129297,22,129298,129300],{},[15,129299,125313],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,129302,129303,129304,123],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,129305,66829],{},[20,129307,171,129308,129310],{},[15,129309,125313],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[51,129312,129314],{"className":53,"code":129313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,129315,129316,129328,129351,129364,129368,129391],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129317,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129319,35681],{"class":66},[60,129321,71],{"class":70},[60,129323,91],{"class":78},[60,129325,61387],{"class":82},[60,129327,2389],{"class":78},[60,129329,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129331,65894],{"class":66},[60,129333,71],{"class":70},[60,129335,43826],{"class":66},[60,129337,123],{"class":74},[60,129339,129340],{"class":126},"find",[60,129342,130],{"class":74},[60,129344,79],{"class":78},[60,129346,1017],{"class":82},[60,129348,79],{"class":78},[60,129350,136],{"class":74},[60,129352,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129354,143],{"class":142},[60,129356,130],{"class":74},[60,129358,65921],{"class":126},[60,129360,2662],{"class":74},[60,129362,129363],{"class":4674},"   # 6\n",[60,129365,129366],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129367,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,129369,129370,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129371,129372],{"class":66},"missing ",[60,129374,71],{"class":70},[60,129376,43826],{"class":66},[60,129378,123],{"class":74},[60,129380,129340],{"class":126},[60,129382,130],{"class":74},[60,129384,79],{"class":78},[60,129386,55],{"class":82},[60,129388,79],{"class":78},[60,129390,136],{"class":74},[60,129392,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,129394,143],{"class":142},[60,129396,130],{"class":74},[60,129398,27766],{"class":126},[60,129400,2662],{"class":74},[60,129402,129403],{"class":4674},"    # -1\n",[44561,129405,129406],{},[20,129407,171,129408,129410,129411,129413],{},[15,129409,125313],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,129412,66829],{}," if the substring is not found.",[46,129415,178,129417,181],{"id":129416},"what-find-does",[15,129418,125313],{},[20,129420,129421,129423],{},[15,129422,125313],{}," is a string method that:",[33,129425,129426,129429,129432,129437],{},[36,129427,129428],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[36,129430,129431],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[36,129433,12419,129434,129436],{},[15,129435,66829],{}," if no match is found",[36,129438,127502],{},[20,129440,236],{},[51,129442,129444],{"className":53,"code":129443,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,129445,129446,129458,129462,129486,129510],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129447,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129449,35681],{"class":66},[60,129451,71],{"class":70},[60,129453,91],{"class":78},[60,129455,1619],{"class":82},[60,129457,2389],{"class":78},[60,129459,129460],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129461,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,129463,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480,129482,129484],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129465,143],{"class":142},[60,129467,130],{"class":74},[60,129469,35702],{"class":126},[60,129471,123],{"class":74},[60,129473,129340],{"class":126},[60,129475,130],{"class":74},[60,129477,79],{"class":78},[60,129479,124411],{"class":82},[60,129481,79],{"class":78},[60,129483,6362],{"class":74},[60,129485,58625],{"class":4674},[60,129487,129488,129490,129492,129494,129496,129498,129500,129502,129504,129506,129508],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129489,143],{"class":142},[60,129491,130],{"class":74},[60,129493,35702],{"class":126},[60,129495,123],{"class":74},[60,129497,129340],{"class":126},[60,129499,130],{"class":74},[60,129501,79],{"class":78},[60,129503,3191],{"class":82},[60,129505,79],{"class":78},[60,129507,6362],{"class":74},[60,129509,129403],{"class":4674},[60,129511,129512,129514,129516,129518,129520],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129513,143],{"class":142},[60,129515,130],{"class":74},[60,129517,35702],{"class":126},[60,129519,2662],{"class":74},[60,129521,129522],{"class":4674},"              # banana\n",[20,129524,21765,129525,129528,129529,123],{},[15,129526,129527],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,129530,1925],{},[46,129532,389],{"id":388},[20,129534,3177],{},[51,129536,129538],{"className":53,"code":129537,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,129539,129540],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129541,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129543,1179],{"class":66},[60,129545,123],{"class":74},[60,129547,129340],{"class":126},[60,129549,130],{"class":74},[60,129551,3487],{"class":126},[60,129553,88],{"class":74},[60,129555,37041],{"class":126},[60,129557,88],{"class":74},[60,129559,66015],{"class":126},[60,129561,136],{"class":74},[415,129563,18389],{"id":18388},[33,129565,129566,129570,129575],{},[36,129567,129568,124510],{},[15,129569,3487],{},[36,129571,129572,129574],{},[15,129573,37062],{},": optional starting position",[36,129576,129577,129579],{},[15,129578,53640],{},": optional ending position",[20,129581,129582,2360,129584,129586],{},[15,129583,37062],{},[15,129585,53640],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,129588,127645],{},[51,129590,129592],{"className":53,"code":129591,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,129593,129594,129606,129610,129635,129664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129595,129596,129598,129600,129602,129604],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129597,35681],{"class":66},[60,129599,71],{"class":70},[60,129601,91],{"class":78},[60,129603,61387],{"class":82},[60,129605,2389],{"class":78},[60,129607,129608],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129609,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,129611,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626,129628,129630,129632],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129613,143],{"class":142},[60,129615,130],{"class":74},[60,129617,35702],{"class":126},[60,129619,123],{"class":74},[60,129621,129340],{"class":126},[60,129623,130],{"class":74},[60,129625,79],{"class":78},[60,129627,812],{"class":82},[60,129629,79],{"class":78},[60,129631,6362],{"class":74},[60,129633,129634],{"class":4674},"        # 4\n",[60,129636,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129638,143],{"class":142},[60,129640,130],{"class":74},[60,129642,35702],{"class":126},[60,129644,123],{"class":74},[60,129646,129340],{"class":126},[60,129648,130],{"class":74},[60,129650,79],{"class":78},[60,129652,812],{"class":82},[60,129654,79],{"class":78},[60,129656,88],{"class":74},[60,129658,5606],{"class":1402},[60,129660,6362],{"class":74},[60,129662,129663],{"class":4674},"     # 7\n",[60,129665,129666,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129667,143],{"class":142},[60,129669,130],{"class":74},[60,129671,35702],{"class":126},[60,129673,123],{"class":74},[60,129675,129340],{"class":126},[60,129677,130],{"class":74},[60,129679,79],{"class":78},[60,129681,812],{"class":82},[60,129683,79],{"class":78},[60,129685,88],{"class":74},[60,129687,5606],{"class":1402},[60,129689,88],{"class":74},[60,129691,6994],{"class":1402},[60,129693,6362],{"class":74},[60,129695,129696],{"class":4674},"  # -1\n",[46,129698,39008],{"id":39007},[20,129700,58524,129701,129703],{},[15,129702,125313],{}," is always an integer.",[33,129705,129706,129712,129715],{},[36,129707,129708,129709,129711],{},"A number ",[15,129710,3137],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[36,129713,129714],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[36,129716,129717,129719],{},[15,129718,66829],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,129721,236],{},[51,129723,129725],{"className":53,"code":129724,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,129726,129727,129739,129743,129768,129793],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129730,35681],{"class":66},[60,129732,71],{"class":70},[60,129734,91],{"class":78},[60,129736,55],{"class":82},[60,129738,2389],{"class":78},[60,129740,129741],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129742,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,129744,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129762,129764,129766],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129746,143],{"class":142},[60,129748,130],{"class":74},[60,129750,35702],{"class":126},[60,129752,123],{"class":74},[60,129754,129340],{"class":126},[60,129756,130],{"class":74},[60,129758,79],{"class":78},[60,129760,129761],{"class":82},"py",[60,129763,79],{"class":78},[60,129765,6362],{"class":74},[60,129767,21762],{"class":4674},[60,129769,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129787,129789,129791],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129771,143],{"class":142},[60,129773,130],{"class":74},[60,129775,35702],{"class":126},[60,129777,123],{"class":74},[60,129779,129340],{"class":126},[60,129781,130],{"class":74},[60,129783,79],{"class":78},[60,129785,129786],{"class":82},"th",[60,129788,79],{"class":78},[60,129790,6362],{"class":74},[60,129792,58625],{"class":4674},[60,129794,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129796,143],{"class":142},[60,129798,130],{"class":74},[60,129800,35702],{"class":126},[60,129802,123],{"class":74},[60,129804,129340],{"class":126},[60,129806,130],{"class":74},[60,129808,79],{"class":78},[60,129810,23072],{"class":82},[60,129812,79],{"class":78},[60,129814,6362],{"class":74},[60,129816,129403],{"class":4674},[20,129818,90882,129819,9452,129821,3894,129823,123],{},[15,129820,125313],{},[15,129822,4616],{},[15,129824,4685],{},[20,129826,129827],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[46,129829,9413,129830,2360,129832],{"id":66381},[15,129831,37062],{},[15,129833,53640],{},[20,129835,171,129836,129838],{},[15,129837,37062],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,129840,171,129841,129843],{},[15,129842,53640],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,129845,2997,129846,76437,129848,129850],{},[15,129847,53640],{},[4753,129849,66044],{}," in the search.",[51,129852,129854],{"className":53,"code":129853,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129855,129856,129869,129873,129897,129926,129958],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,129857,129858,129860,129862,129864,129867],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,129859,35681],{"class":66},[60,129861,71],{"class":70},[60,129863,91],{"class":78},[60,129865,129866],{"class":82},"one two three two",[60,129868,2389],{"class":78},[60,129870,129871],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,129872,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,129874,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893,129895],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,129876,143],{"class":142},[60,129878,130],{"class":74},[60,129880,35702],{"class":126},[60,129882,123],{"class":74},[60,129884,129340],{"class":126},[60,129886,130],{"class":74},[60,129888,79],{"class":78},[60,129890,904],{"class":82},[60,129892,79],{"class":78},[60,129894,6362],{"class":74},[60,129896,129634],{"class":4674},[60,129898,129899,129901,129903,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921,129923],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,129900,143],{"class":142},[60,129902,130],{"class":74},[60,129904,35702],{"class":126},[60,129906,123],{"class":74},[60,129908,129340],{"class":126},[60,129910,130],{"class":74},[60,129912,79],{"class":78},[60,129914,904],{"class":82},[60,129916,79],{"class":78},[60,129918,88],{"class":74},[60,129920,5606],{"class":1402},[60,129922,6362],{"class":74},[60,129924,129925],{"class":4674},"     # 14\n",[60,129927,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936,129938,129940,129942,129944,129946,129948,129950,129952,129954,129956],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,129929,143],{"class":142},[60,129931,130],{"class":74},[60,129933,35702],{"class":126},[60,129935,123],{"class":74},[60,129937,129340],{"class":126},[60,129939,130],{"class":74},[60,129941,79],{"class":78},[60,129943,904],{"class":82},[60,129945,79],{"class":78},[60,129947,88],{"class":74},[60,129949,4843],{"class":1402},[60,129951,88],{"class":74},[60,129953,6994],{"class":1402},[60,129955,6362],{"class":74},[60,129957,51915],{"class":4674},[60,129959,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129970,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,129961,143],{"class":142},[60,129963,130],{"class":74},[60,129965,35702],{"class":126},[60,129967,123],{"class":74},[60,129969,129340],{"class":126},[60,129971,130],{"class":74},[60,129973,79],{"class":78},[60,129975,904],{"class":82},[60,129977,79],{"class":78},[60,129979,88],{"class":74},[60,129981,4843],{"class":1402},[60,129983,88],{"class":74},[60,129985,3471],{"class":1402},[60,129987,6362],{"class":74},[60,129989,129696],{"class":4674},[20,129991,129992],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129994,129995,129996,56049,130000,123],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[551,129997,129999],{"href":129998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[551,130001,130002,130004],{"href":2882},[15,130003,2886],{}," string method",[46,130006,124965],{"id":124964},[20,130008,130009,124776],{},[15,130010,125313],{},[20,130012,128360,130013,2360,130015,130017],{},[15,130014,91389],{},[15,130016,65509],{}," are treated as different text.",[51,130019,130021],{"className":53,"code":130020,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,130022,130023,130036,130040,130064],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130024,130025,130027,130029,130031,130034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130026,35681],{"class":66},[60,130028,71],{"class":70},[60,130030,91],{"class":78},[60,130032,130033],{"class":82},"Hello World",[60,130035,2389],{"class":78},[60,130037,130038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130039,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130041,130042,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130054,130056,130058,130060,130062],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130043,143],{"class":142},[60,130045,130],{"class":74},[60,130047,35702],{"class":126},[60,130049,123],{"class":74},[60,130051,129340],{"class":126},[60,130053,130],{"class":74},[60,130055,79],{"class":78},[60,130057,2386],{"class":82},[60,130059,79],{"class":78},[60,130061,6362],{"class":74},[60,130063,52226],{"class":4674},[60,130065,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074,130076,130078,130080,130082,130084,130086],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,130067,143],{"class":142},[60,130069,130],{"class":74},[60,130071,35702],{"class":126},[60,130073,123],{"class":74},[60,130075,129340],{"class":126},[60,130077,130],{"class":74},[60,130079,79],{"class":78},[60,130081,1008],{"class":82},[60,130083,79],{"class":78},[60,130085,6362],{"class":74},[60,130087,129696],{"class":4674},[20,130089,130090],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[51,130092,130094],{"className":53,"code":130093,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,130095,130096,130108,130112],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130097,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130099,35681],{"class":66},[60,130101,71],{"class":70},[60,130103,91],{"class":78},[60,130105,130033],{"class":82},[60,130107,2389],{"class":78},[60,130109,130110],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130111,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130113,130114,130116,130118,130120,130122,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130115,143],{"class":142},[60,130117,130],{"class":74},[60,130119,35702],{"class":126},[60,130121,123],{"class":74},[60,130123,9637],{"class":126},[60,130125,9634],{"class":74},[60,130127,129340],{"class":126},[60,130129,130],{"class":74},[60,130131,79],{"class":78},[60,130133,1008],{"class":82},[60,130135,79],{"class":78},[60,130137,6362],{"class":74},[60,130139,52226],{"class":4674},[46,130141,130143,11583,130145],{"id":130142},"find-vs-index",[15,130144,125313],{},[15,130146,59948],{},[20,130148,130149,2360,130151,130153],{},[15,130150,125313],{},[15,130152,59948],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[33,130155,130156,130162],{},[36,130157,130158,3412,130160],{},[15,130159,125313],{},[15,130161,66829],{},[36,130163,130164,53474,130166],{},[15,130165,59948],{},[15,130167,41690],{},[20,130169,171,130170,130172],{},[15,130171,125313],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,130174,171,130175,130177],{},[15,130176,59948],{}," when the value must exist.",[51,130179,130181],{"className":53,"code":130180,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,130182,130183,130195,130199],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130184,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130186,35681],{"class":66},[60,130188,71],{"class":70},[60,130190,91],{"class":78},[60,130192,1008],{"class":82},[60,130194,2389],{"class":78},[60,130196,130197],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130198,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130200,130201,130203,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130202,143],{"class":142},[60,130204,130],{"class":74},[60,130206,35702],{"class":126},[60,130208,123],{"class":74},[60,130210,129340],{"class":126},[60,130212,130],{"class":74},[60,130214,79],{"class":78},[60,130216,3191],{"class":82},[60,130218,79],{"class":78},[60,130220,6362],{"class":74},[60,130222,130223],{"class":4674},"   # -1\n",[51,130225,130227],{"className":53,"code":130226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,130228,130229,130241,130245],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130230,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130232,35681],{"class":66},[60,130234,71],{"class":70},[60,130236,91],{"class":78},[60,130238,1008],{"class":82},[60,130240,2389],{"class":78},[60,130242,130243],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130244,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130246,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130248,143],{"class":142},[60,130250,130],{"class":74},[60,130252,35702],{"class":126},[60,130254,123],{"class":74},[60,130256,36840],{"class":126},[60,130258,130],{"class":74},[60,130260,79],{"class":78},[60,130262,3191],{"class":82},[60,130264,79],{"class":78},[60,130266,6362],{"class":74},[60,130268,130269],{"class":4674},"  # ValueError\n",[20,130271,130272,130273,130277,130278,130280,130281,123],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[551,130274,130275,130004],{"href":125338},[15,130276,59948],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,130279,59948],{},", read ",[551,130282,1999,130283],{"href":74457},[15,130284,130285],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[46,130287,42032],{"id":42031},[20,130289,36399,130290,130292],{},[15,130291,125313],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[33,130294,130295,130298,130301,130304],{},[36,130296,130297],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[36,130299,130300],{},"Get the position of a word",[36,130302,130303],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[36,130305,130306],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,130308,130309],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[51,130311,130313],{"className":53,"code":130312,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,130314,130315,130328,130351,130355,130370,130386,130405,130419],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130316,130317,130319,130321,130323,130326],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130318,35681],{"class":66},[60,130320,71],{"class":70},[60,130322,91],{"class":78},[60,130324,130325],{"class":82},"name:Alice",[60,130327,2389],{"class":78},[60,130329,130330,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345,130347,130349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130331,130332],{"class":66},"colon_pos ",[60,130334,71],{"class":70},[60,130336,43826],{"class":66},[60,130338,123],{"class":74},[60,130340,129340],{"class":126},[60,130342,130],{"class":74},[60,130344,79],{"class":78},[60,130346,3901],{"class":82},[60,130348,79],{"class":78},[60,130350,136],{"class":74},[60,130352,130353],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130354,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130356,130357,130359,130362,130364,130366,130368],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,130358,7996],{"class":2665},[60,130360,130361],{"class":66}," colon_pos ",[60,130363,73567],{"class":70},[60,130365,3238],{"class":70},[60,130367,1432],{"class":1402},[60,130369,7392],{"class":74},[60,130371,130372,130375,130377,130379,130381,130384],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,130373,130374],{"class":66},"    label ",[60,130376,71],{"class":70},[60,130378,43826],{"class":66},[60,130380,76510],{"class":74},[60,130382,130383],{"class":66},"colon_pos",[60,130385,108],{"class":74},[60,130387,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130400,130402],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,130389,28394],{"class":66},[60,130391,71],{"class":70},[60,130393,43826],{"class":66},[60,130395,353],{"class":74},[60,130397,130332],{"class":66},[60,130399,2354],{"class":70},[60,130401,6499],{"class":1402},[60,130403,130404],{"class":74},":]\n",[60,130406,130407,130409,130411,130414,130416],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,130408,9064],{"class":142},[60,130410,130],{"class":74},[60,130412,130413],{"class":126},"label",[60,130415,2662],{"class":74},[60,130417,130418],{"class":4674},"  # name\n",[60,130420,130421,130423,130425,130427,130429],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,130422,9064],{"class":142},[60,130424,130],{"class":74},[60,130426,3487],{"class":126},[60,130428,2662],{"class":74},[60,130430,130431],{"class":4674},"  # Alice\n",[20,130433,130434,130435,123],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[551,130436,128351],{"href":124573},[46,130438,3845],{"id":3844},[20,130440,130441,130442,3901],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,130443,125313],{},[33,130445,130446,130455,130461,130466,130472],{},[36,130447,9449,130448,9452,130450,3894,130452,130454],{},[15,130449,125313],{},[15,130451,4616],{},[15,130453,4685],{}," instead of an index",[36,130456,130457,130458,130460],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,130459,66829],{}," when the substring is missing",[36,130462,9413,130463,130465],{},[15,130464,125313],{}," without handling case differences",[36,130467,38192,130468,9702,130470],{},[15,130469,125313],{},[15,130471,59948],{},[36,130473,5580,130474,130476],{},[15,130475,125313],{}," changes the string",[20,130478,130479],{},"Example of a mistake:",[51,130481,130483],{"className":53,"code":130482,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130484,130485,130497,130501,130521,130536,130542],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130486,130487,130489,130491,130493,130495],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130488,35681],{"class":66},[60,130490,71],{"class":70},[60,130492,91],{"class":78},[60,130494,1008],{"class":82},[60,130496,2389],{"class":78},[60,130498,130499],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130500,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130502,130503,130505,130507,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130504,7996],{"class":2665},[60,130506,43826],{"class":66},[60,130508,123],{"class":74},[60,130510,129340],{"class":126},[60,130512,130],{"class":74},[60,130514,79],{"class":78},[60,130516,803],{"class":82},[60,130518,79],{"class":78},[60,130520,9337],{"class":74},[60,130522,130523,130525,130527,130529,130532,130534],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,130524,9064],{"class":142},[60,130526,130],{"class":74},[60,130528,79],{"class":78},[60,130530,130531],{"class":82},"Found",[60,130533,79],{"class":78},[60,130535,136],{"class":74},[60,130537,130538,130540],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,130539,28427],{"class":2665},[60,130541,7392],{"class":74},[60,130543,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,130545,9064],{"class":142},[60,130547,130],{"class":74},[60,130549,79],{"class":78},[60,130551,27308],{"class":82},[60,130553,79],{"class":78},[60,130555,136],{"class":74},[20,130557,100885],{},[51,130559,130561],{"className":53,"code":130560,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Not found\n",[15,130562,130563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130564,130565],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130566,130560],{"class":66},[20,130568,46685,130569,130572,130573,18066,130575,130577,130578,130580],{},[15,130570,130571],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,130574,3137],{},[15,130576,3137],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,130579,7996],{}," statement.",[20,130582,130583],{},"A safer version is:",[51,130585,130587],{"className":53,"code":130586,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,130588,130589,130601,130605,130634,130648,130654],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130590,130591,130593,130595,130597,130599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130592,35681],{"class":66},[60,130594,71],{"class":70},[60,130596,91],{"class":78},[60,130598,1008],{"class":82},[60,130600,2389],{"class":78},[60,130602,130603],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130604,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,130606,130607,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130628,130630,130632],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130608,7996],{"class":2665},[60,130610,43826],{"class":66},[60,130612,123],{"class":74},[60,130614,129340],{"class":126},[60,130616,130],{"class":74},[60,130618,79],{"class":78},[60,130620,803],{"class":82},[60,130622,79],{"class":78},[60,130624,2662],{"class":74},[60,130626,130627],{"class":70}," !=",[60,130629,3238],{"class":70},[60,130631,1432],{"class":1402},[60,130633,7392],{"class":74},[60,130635,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130646],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,130637,9064],{"class":142},[60,130639,130],{"class":74},[60,130641,79],{"class":78},[60,130643,130531],{"class":82},[60,130645,79],{"class":78},[60,130647,136],{"class":74},[60,130649,130650,130652],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,130651,28427],{"class":2665},[60,130653,7392],{"class":74},[60,130655,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,130657,9064],{"class":142},[60,130659,130],{"class":74},[60,130661,79],{"class":78},[60,130663,27308],{"class":82},[60,130665,79],{"class":78},[60,130667,136],{"class":74},[20,130669,130670],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[51,130672,130674],{"className":53,"code":130673,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,130675,130676,130698,130712,130738,130752],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130677,130678,130680,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130679,143],{"class":142},[60,130681,130],{"class":74},[60,130683,35702],{"class":126},[60,130685,123],{"class":74},[60,130687,129340],{"class":126},[60,130689,130],{"class":74},[60,130691,356],{"class":78},[60,130693,39379],{"class":82},[60,130695,356],{"class":78},[60,130697,1042],{"class":74},[60,130699,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,130701,143],{"class":142},[60,130703,130],{"class":74},[60,130705,42766],{"class":142},[60,130707,130],{"class":74},[60,130709,35702],{"class":126},[60,130711,1042],{"class":74},[60,130713,130714,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,130715,143],{"class":142},[60,130717,130],{"class":74},[60,130719,35702],{"class":126},[60,130721,123],{"class":74},[60,130723,9637],{"class":126},[60,130725,9634],{"class":74},[60,130727,129340],{"class":126},[60,130729,130],{"class":74},[60,130731,356],{"class":78},[60,130733,39379],{"class":82},[60,130735,356],{"class":78},[60,130737,1042],{"class":74},[60,130739,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,130741,143],{"class":142},[60,130743,130],{"class":74},[60,130745,12157],{"class":142},[60,130747,130],{"class":74},[60,130749,35702],{"class":126},[60,130751,1042],{"class":74},[60,130753,130754,130756,130758,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,130755,143],{"class":142},[60,130757,130],{"class":74},[60,130759,35702],{"class":126},[60,130761,123],{"class":74},[60,130763,129340],{"class":126},[60,130765,130],{"class":74},[60,130767,356],{"class":78},[60,130769,39379],{"class":82},[60,130771,356],{"class":78},[60,130773,88],{"class":74},[60,130775,37041],{"class":126},[60,130777,88],{"class":74},[60,130779,66015],{"class":126},[60,130781,1042],{"class":74},[20,130783,130784],{},"These help you check:",[33,130786,130787,130792,130797,130802,130805],{},[36,130788,130789,130790],{},"The actual result from ",[15,130791,125313],{},[36,130793,130794,130795],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,130796,123534],{},[36,130798,130799,130800],{},"Case differences with ",[15,130801,125048],{},[36,130803,130804],{},"The string length",[36,130806,130807,130808,2360,130810,130812],{},"Whether your ",[15,130809,37062],{},[15,130811,53640],{}," values are correct",[46,130814,2804],{"id":2803},[415,130816,130818,130819,130821],{"id":130817},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,130820,125313],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,130823,6148,130824,123],{},[15,130825,66829],{},[415,130827,2808,130829,130831],{"id":130828},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,130830,125313],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,130833,130834],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[415,130836,130838,130839,125654],{"id":130837},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,130840,125313],{},[20,130842,130843],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[415,130845,6180,130847,2360,130849,70630],{"id":130846},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,130848,125313],{},[15,130850,59948],{},[20,130852,130853,3412,130855,130857,130858,53474,130860,123],{},[15,130854,125313],{},[15,130856,66829],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130859,59948],{},[15,130861,41690],{},[415,130863,2833,130865,130867],{"id":130864},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130866,125313],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130869,130870,130871,2360,130873,67128],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130872,37062],{},[15,130874,53640],{},[46,130876,2870],{"id":2869},[33,130878,130879,130885,130891,130898,130904,130911,130915,130920],{},[36,130880,130881],{},[551,130882,2883,130883,2887],{"href":125338},[15,130884,59948],{},[36,130886,130887],{},[551,130888,2883,130889,2887],{"href":2882},[15,130890,2886],{},[36,130892,130893],{},[551,130894,2883,130896,2887],{"href":130895},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130897,125489],{},[36,130899,130900],{},[551,130901,2883,130902,2887],{"href":128680},[15,130903,128683],{},[36,130905,130906],{},[551,130907,2883,130909,2887],{"href":130908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130910,127374],{},[36,130912,130913],{},[551,130914,125717],{"href":124573},[36,130916,130917],{},[551,130918,130919],{"href":129998},"How to split a string in Python",[36,130921,130922],{},[551,130923,27115,130924],{"href":74457},[15,130925,130285],{},[2912,130927,130928],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":130930},[130931,130933,130936,130937,130938,130939,130941,130942,130943,130955],{"id":129416,"depth":111,"text":130932},"What find() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":130934},[130935],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":39007,"depth":111,"text":39008},{"id":66381,"depth":111,"text":67164},{"id":124964,"depth":111,"text":124965},{"id":130142,"depth":111,"text":130940},"find() vs index()",{"id":42031,"depth":111,"text":42032},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":130944},[130945,130947,130949,130951,130953],{"id":130817,"depth":139,"text":130946},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":130828,"depth":139,"text":130948},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":130837,"depth":139,"text":130950},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":130846,"depth":139,"text":130952},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130864,"depth":139,"text":130954},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":129288,"description":130956},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130963,"title":130964,"body":130965,"description":132889,"extension":2980,"meta":132890,"navigation":304,"path":132891,"seo":132892,"stem":132893,"__hash__":132894},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130966,"toc":132857},[130967,130972,130977,130980,130982,131058,131062,131090,131098,131102,131107,131111,131128,131130,131197,131201,131223,131231,131233,131236,131260,131263,131277,131279,131364,131368,131380,131383,131387,131393,131443,131447,131464,131473,131476,131484,131487,131536,131540,131565,131568,131623,131627,131639,131645,131649,131655,131660,131727,131731,131757,131760,131771,131773,131840,131844,131869,131876,131880,131885,131892,131900,131902,131954,131958,131976,131978,132023,132027,132042,132045,132055,132062,132064,132068,132071,132082,132084,132144,132148,132176,132179,132185,132190,132193,132197,132241,132244,132282,132285,132293,132295,132300,132304,132307,132355,132358,132361,132416,132420,132425,132428,132477,132479,132528,132534,132539,132541,132588,132592,132605,132607,132658,132663,132666,132670,132673,132679,132684,132686,132689,132761,132764,132781,132783,132788,132791,132795,132801,132807,132814,132820,132826,132828,132854],[10,130968,13,130970,18],{"id":130969},"python-string-format-method",[15,130971,127319],{},[20,130973,22,130974,130976],{},[15,130975,127319],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130978,130979],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[46,130981,3022],{"id":3021},[51,130983,130985],{"className":53,"code":130984,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130986,130987,130999,131007,131011,131048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,130988,130989,130991,130993,130995,130997],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,130990,8872],{"class":66},[60,130992,71],{"class":70},[60,130994,91],{"class":78},[60,130996,12504],{"class":82},[60,130998,2389],{"class":78},[60,131000,131001,131003,131005],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131002,22623],{"class":66},[60,131004,71],{"class":70},[60,131006,89772],{"class":1402},[60,131008,131009],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,131010,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,131012,131013,131015,131017,131019,131022,131024,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,131014,90979],{"class":66},[60,131016,71],{"class":70},[60,131018,91],{"class":78},[60,131020,131021],{"class":82},"My name is ",[60,131023,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131025,131026],{"class":82}," and I am ",[60,131028,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131030,123316],{"class":82},[60,131032,79],{"class":78},[60,131034,123],{"class":74},[60,131036,131037],{"class":126},"format",[60,131039,130],{"class":74},[60,131041,8666],{"class":126},[60,131043,88],{"class":74},[60,131045,10186],{"class":126},[60,131047,136],{"class":74},[60,131049,131050,131052,131054,131056],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,131051,143],{"class":142},[60,131053,130],{"class":74},[60,131055,90996],{"class":126},[60,131057,136],{"class":74},[20,131059,131060],{},[4753,131061,153],{},[51,131063,131065],{"className":53,"code":131064,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,131066,131067],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131068,131069,131072,131074,131077,131080,131083,131086,131088],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131070,131071],{"class":66},"My name ",[60,131073,94],{"class":70},[60,131075,131076],{"class":66}," Maya ",[60,131078,131079],{"class":70},"and",[60,131081,131082],{"class":66}," I am ",[60,131084,131085],{"class":1402},"12",[60,131087,123349],{"class":66},[60,131089,123352],{"class":74},[20,131091,171,131092,131094,131095,131097],{},[15,131093,4802],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,131096,127319],{}," in the same order.",[20,131099,126070,131100,123],{},[551,131101,554],{"href":553},[46,131103,13990,131105,13993],{"id":131104},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,131106,127319],{},[20,131108,2997,131109,12408],{},[15,131110,127319],{},[33,131112,131113,131116,131122,131125],{},[36,131114,131115],{},"inserts values into a string",[36,131117,131118,131119,131121],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,131120,4802],{}," with given values",[36,131123,131124],{},"returns a new string",[36,131126,131127],{},"does not change the original string",[20,131129,236],{},[51,131131,131133],{"className":53,"code":131132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131134,131135,131149,131172,131176,131187],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131136,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131138,35681],{"class":66},[60,131140,71],{"class":70},[60,131142,91],{"class":78},[60,131144,45883],{"class":82},[60,131146,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131148,2389],{"class":78},[60,131150,131151,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164,131166,131168,131170],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131152,131153],{"class":66},"new_text ",[60,131155,71],{"class":70},[60,131157,43826],{"class":66},[60,131159,123],{"class":74},[60,131161,131037],{"class":126},[60,131163,130],{"class":74},[60,131165,79],{"class":78},[60,131167,1781],{"class":82},[60,131169,79],{"class":78},[60,131171,136],{"class":74},[60,131173,131174],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,131175,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,131177,131178,131180,131182,131185],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,131179,143],{"class":142},[60,131181,130],{"class":74},[60,131183,131184],{"class":126},"new_text",[60,131186,136],{"class":74},[60,131188,131189,131191,131193,131195],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,131190,143],{"class":142},[60,131192,130],{"class":74},[60,131194,35702],{"class":126},[60,131196,136],{"class":74},[20,131198,131199],{},[4753,131200,153],{},[51,131202,131204],{"className":53,"code":131203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,131205,131206,131215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131207,131208,131210,131212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131209,2386],{"class":66},[60,131211,88],{"class":74},[60,131213,131214],{"class":66}," Sam\n",[60,131216,131217,131219,131221],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131218,2386],{"class":66},[60,131220,88],{"class":74},[60,131222,10835],{"class":74},[20,131224,3301,131225,131227,131228,131230],{},[15,131226,35702],{}," stays the same. ",[15,131229,127319],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[46,131232,389],{"id":388},[20,131234,131235],{},"The general form is:",[51,131237,131239],{"className":53,"code":131238,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,131240,131241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131242,131243,131245,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131244,79],{"class":2275},[60,131246,131247],{"class":2278},"text {}",[60,131249,79],{"class":2275},[60,131251,123],{"class":74},[60,131253,131037],{"class":126},[60,131255,130],{"class":74},[60,131257,3487],{"class":126},[60,131259,136],{"class":74},[20,131261,131262],{},"Key idea:",[33,131264,131265,131271,131274],{},[36,131266,131267,131268,131270],{},"each ",[15,131269,4802],{}," is a placeholder",[36,131272,131273],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[36,131275,131276],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,131278,236],{},[51,131280,131282],{"className":53,"code":131281,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,131283,131284,131297,131311,131315,131353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131285,131286,131289,131291,131293,131295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131287,131288],{"class":66},"animal ",[60,131290,71],{"class":70},[60,131292,91],{"class":78},[60,131294,38035],{"class":82},[60,131296,2389],{"class":78},[60,131298,131299,131302,131304,131306,131309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131300,131301],{"class":66},"sound ",[60,131303,71],{"class":70},[60,131305,91],{"class":78},[60,131307,131308],{"class":82},"meow",[60,131310,2389],{"class":78},[60,131312,131313],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,131314,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,131316,131317,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131346,131348,131351],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,131318,131319],{"class":66},"sentence ",[60,131321,71],{"class":70},[60,131323,91],{"class":78},[60,131325,2997],{"class":82},[60,131327,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131329,131330],{"class":82}," says ",[60,131332,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131334,123],{"class":82},[60,131336,79],{"class":78},[60,131338,123],{"class":74},[60,131340,131037],{"class":126},[60,131342,130],{"class":74},[60,131344,131345],{"class":126},"animal",[60,131347,88],{"class":74},[60,131349,131350],{"class":126}," sound",[60,131352,136],{"class":74},[60,131354,131355,131357,131359,131362],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,131356,143],{"class":142},[60,131358,130],{"class":74},[60,131360,131361],{"class":126},"sentence",[60,131363,136],{"class":74},[20,131365,131366],{},[4753,131367,153],{},[51,131369,131371],{"className":53,"code":131370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,131372,131373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131374,131375,131378],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131376,131377],{"class":66},"The cat says meow",[60,131379,123352],{"class":74},[20,131381,131382],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[46,131384,131386],{"id":131385},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,131388,131389,131390,131392],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,131391,4802],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[51,131394,131396],{"className":53,"code":131395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,131397,131398],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131399,131400,131402,131404,131406,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131430,131432,131434,131436,131439,131441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131401,143],{"class":142},[60,131403,130],{"class":74},[60,131405,79],{"class":78},[60,131407,131408],{"class":82},"I like ",[60,131410,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131412,2360],{"class":82},[60,131414,4802],{"class":1402},[60,131416,123],{"class":82},[60,131418,79],{"class":78},[60,131420,123],{"class":74},[60,131422,131037],{"class":126},[60,131424,130],{"class":74},[60,131426,79],{"class":78},[60,131428,131429],{"class":82},"pizza",[60,131431,79],{"class":78},[60,131433,88],{"class":74},[60,131435,91],{"class":78},[60,131437,131438],{"class":82},"pasta",[60,131440,79],{"class":78},[60,131442,1042],{"class":74},[20,131444,131445],{},[4753,131446,153],{},[51,131448,131450],{"className":53,"code":131449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,131451,131452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131453,131454,131457,131459,131462],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131455,131456],{"class":66},"I like pizza ",[60,131458,131079],{"class":70},[60,131460,131461],{"class":66}," pasta",[60,131463,123352],{"class":74},[20,131465,131466,131467,2360,131470,123],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,131468,131469],{},"{0}",[15,131471,131472],{},"{1}",[20,131474,131475],{},"This is helpful when:",[33,131477,131478,131481],{},[36,131479,131480],{},"you want to reuse a value",[36,131482,131483],{},"you want to change the order",[20,131485,131486],{},"Example with reused values:",[51,131488,131490],{"className":53,"code":131489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131491,131492,131526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131493,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131505,131507,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131495,35681],{"class":66},[60,131497,71],{"class":70},[60,131499,91],{"class":78},[60,131501,131469],{"class":1402},[60,131503,131504],{"class":82}," is learning Python. ",[60,131506,131469],{"class":1402},[60,131508,131509],{"class":82}," likes coding.",[60,131511,79],{"class":78},[60,131513,123],{"class":74},[60,131515,131037],{"class":126},[60,131517,130],{"class":74},[60,131519,79],{"class":78},[60,131521,20876],{"class":82},[60,131523,79],{"class":78},[60,131525,136],{"class":74},[60,131527,131528,131530,131532,131534],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131529,143],{"class":142},[60,131531,130],{"class":74},[60,131533,35702],{"class":126},[60,131535,136],{"class":74},[20,131537,131538],{},[4753,131539,153],{},[51,131541,131543],{"className":53,"code":131542,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,131544,131545],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131546,131547,131550,131552,131555,131557,131560,131563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131548,131549],{"class":66},"Lina ",[60,131551,94],{"class":70},[60,131553,131554],{"class":66}," learning Python",[60,131556,123],{"class":74},[60,131558,131559],{"class":25743}," Lina",[60,131561,131562],{"class":66}," likes coding",[60,131564,123352],{"class":74},[20,131566,131567],{},"Example with changed order:",[51,131569,131571],{"className":53,"code":131570,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131572,131573,131613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131574,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131576,35681],{"class":66},[60,131578,71],{"class":70},[60,131580,91],{"class":78},[60,131582,131472],{"class":1402},[60,131584,84299],{"class":82},[60,131586,131469],{"class":1402},[60,131588,123],{"class":82},[60,131590,79],{"class":78},[60,131592,123],{"class":74},[60,131594,131037],{"class":126},[60,131596,130],{"class":74},[60,131598,79],{"class":78},[60,131600,895],{"class":82},[60,131602,79],{"class":78},[60,131604,88],{"class":74},[60,131606,91],{"class":78},[60,131608,904],{"class":82},[60,131610,79],{"class":78},[60,131612,136],{"class":74},[60,131614,131615,131617,131619,131621],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131616,143],{"class":142},[60,131618,130],{"class":74},[60,131620,35702],{"class":126},[60,131622,136],{"class":74},[20,131624,131625],{},[4753,131626,153],{},[51,131628,131630],{"className":53,"code":131629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"two comes after one.\n",[15,131631,131632],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131633,131634,131637],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131635,131636],{"class":66},"two comes after one",[60,131638,123352],{"class":74},[20,131640,131641,131642,131644],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,131643,4802],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[46,131646,131648],{"id":131647},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,131650,131651,131652,123],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,131653,131654],{},"{name}",[20,131656,131657,131658,3901],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,131659,127319],{},[51,131661,131663],{"className":53,"code":131662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131664,131665,131717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131666,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131680,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131668,35681],{"class":66},[60,131670,71],{"class":70},[60,131672,91],{"class":78},[60,131674,131021],{"class":82},[60,131676,131654],{"class":1402},[60,131678,131679],{"class":82}," and I live in ",[60,131681,131682],{"class":1402},"{city}",[60,131684,123],{"class":82},[60,131686,79],{"class":78},[60,131688,123],{"class":74},[60,131690,131037],{"class":126},[60,131692,130],{"class":74},[60,131694,8666],{"class":10173},[60,131696,71],{"class":70},[60,131698,79],{"class":78},[60,131700,463],{"class":82},[60,131702,79],{"class":78},[60,131704,88],{"class":74},[60,131706,32377],{"class":10173},[60,131708,71],{"class":70},[60,131710,79],{"class":78},[60,131712,17024],{"class":82},[60,131714,79],{"class":78},[60,131716,136],{"class":74},[60,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131720,143],{"class":142},[60,131722,130],{"class":74},[60,131724,35702],{"class":126},[60,131726,136],{"class":74},[20,131728,131729],{},[4753,131730,153],{},[51,131732,131734],{"className":53,"code":131733,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,131735,131736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131737,131738,131740,131742,131745,131747,131750,131752,131755],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131739,131071],{"class":66},[60,131741,94],{"class":70},[60,131743,131744],{"class":66}," Ana ",[60,131746,131079],{"class":70},[60,131748,131749],{"class":66}," I live ",[60,131751,2672],{"class":70},[60,131753,131754],{"class":66}," Lima",[60,131756,123352],{"class":74},[20,131758,131759],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[33,131761,131762,131765,131768],{},[36,131763,131764],{},"they make code easier to read",[36,131766,131767],{},"they help when a string has many values",[36,131769,131770],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,131772,236],{},[51,131774,131776],{"className":53,"code":131775,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,131777,131778,131830],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131779,131780,131783,131785,131787,131790,131793,131796,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131816,131818,131820,131823,131825,131828],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131781,131782],{"class":66},"report ",[60,131784,71],{"class":70},[60,131786,91],{"class":78},[60,131788,131789],{"class":82},"Student: ",[60,131791,131792],{"class":1402},"{student}",[60,131794,131795],{"class":82},", Score: ",[60,131797,131798],{"class":1402},"{score}",[60,131800,79],{"class":78},[60,131802,123],{"class":74},[60,131804,131037],{"class":126},[60,131806,130],{"class":74},[60,131808,14618],{"class":10173},[60,131810,71],{"class":70},[60,131812,79],{"class":78},[60,131814,131815],{"class":82},"Noah",[60,131817,79],{"class":78},[60,131819,88],{"class":74},[60,131821,131822],{"class":10173}," score",[60,131824,71],{"class":70},[60,131826,131827],{"class":1402},"95",[60,131829,136],{"class":74},[60,131831,131832,131834,131836,131838],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131833,143],{"class":142},[60,131835,130],{"class":74},[60,131837,129028],{"class":126},[60,131839,136],{"class":74},[20,131841,131842],{},[4753,131843,153],{},[51,131845,131847],{"className":53,"code":131846,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,131848,131849],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131850,131851,131854,131856,131859,131861,131864,131866],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131852,131853],{"class":66},"Student",[60,131855,3901],{"class":74},[60,131857,131858],{"class":66}," Noah",[60,131860,88],{"class":74},[60,131862,131863],{"class":66}," Score",[60,131865,3901],{"class":74},[60,131867,131868],{"class":1402}," 95\n",[20,131870,131871,131872,123],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[551,131873,163,131874,1579],{"href":1575},[15,131875,1578],{},[46,131877,131879],{"id":131878},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,131881,131882,131884],{},[15,131883,127319],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,131886,131887,131888,131891],{},"A common example is ",[15,131889,131890],{},":.2f",", which means:",[33,131893,131894,131897],{},[36,131895,131896],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[36,131898,131899],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131901,236],{},[51,131903,131905],{"className":53,"code":131904,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131906,131907,131915,131944],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131908,131909,131911,131913],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131910,41373],{"class":66},[60,131912,71],{"class":70},[60,131914,50255],{"class":1402},[60,131916,131917,131919,131921,131923,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131918,35681],{"class":66},[60,131920,71],{"class":70},[60,131922,91],{"class":78},[60,131924,131925],{"class":82},"Price: $",[60,131927,10275],{"class":1402},[60,131929,131890],{"class":3082},[60,131931,23297],{"class":1402},[60,131933,79],{"class":78},[60,131935,123],{"class":74},[60,131937,131037],{"class":126},[60,131939,130],{"class":74},[60,131941,26143],{"class":126},[60,131943,136],{"class":74},[60,131945,131946,131948,131950,131952],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,131947,143],{"class":142},[60,131949,130],{"class":74},[60,131951,35702],{"class":126},[60,131953,136],{"class":74},[20,131955,131956],{},[4753,131957,153],{},[51,131959,131961],{"className":53,"code":131960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131962,131963],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131964,131965,131968,131970,131973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131966,131967],{"class":66},"Price",[60,131969,3901],{"class":74},[60,131971,131972],{"class":38354}," $",[60,131974,131975],{"class":1402},"3.50\n",[20,131977,53059],{},[51,131979,131981],{"className":53,"code":131980,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131982,131983,131993],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,131984,131985,131988,131990],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,131986,131987],{"class":66},"average ",[60,131989,71],{"class":70},[60,131991,131992],{"class":1402}," 91.236\n",[60,131994,131995,131997,131999,132001,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132021],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,131996,143],{"class":142},[60,131998,130],{"class":74},[60,132000,79],{"class":78},[60,132002,132003],{"class":82},"Average: ",[60,132005,10275],{"class":1402},[60,132007,131890],{"class":3082},[60,132009,23297],{"class":1402},[60,132011,79],{"class":78},[60,132013,123],{"class":74},[60,132015,131037],{"class":126},[60,132017,130],{"class":74},[60,132019,132020],{"class":126},"average",[60,132022,1042],{"class":74},[20,132024,132025],{},[4753,132026,153],{},[51,132028,132030],{"className":53,"code":132029,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,132031,132032],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132033,132034,132037,132039],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132035,132036],{"class":66},"Average",[60,132038,3901],{"class":74},[60,132040,132041],{"class":1402}," 91.24\n",[20,132043,132044],{},"This is useful for:",[33,132046,132047,132049,132052],{},[36,132048,84057],{},[36,132050,132051],{},"averages",[36,132053,132054],{},"percentages",[20,132056,132057,132058,123],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[551,132059,163,132060,3318],{"href":47431},[15,132061,47434],{},[46,132063,18413],{"id":18412},[20,132065,132066,93492],{},[15,132067,127319],{},[20,132069,132070],{},"That means you can:",[33,132072,132073,132076,132079],{},[36,132074,132075],{},"save it in a variable",[36,132077,132078],{},"print it directly",[36,132080,132081],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,132083,236],{},[51,132085,132087],{"className":53,"code":132086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,132088,132089,132120,132130],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132090,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132116,132118],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132092,90979],{"class":66},[60,132094,71],{"class":70},[60,132096,91],{"class":78},[60,132098,45883],{"class":82},[60,132100,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132102,90820],{"class":82},[60,132104,79],{"class":78},[60,132106,123],{"class":74},[60,132108,131037],{"class":126},[60,132110,130],{"class":74},[60,132112,79],{"class":78},[60,132114,132115],{"class":82},"Chris",[60,132117,79],{"class":78},[60,132119,136],{"class":74},[60,132121,132122,132124,132126,132128],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132123,143],{"class":142},[60,132125,130],{"class":74},[60,132127,90996],{"class":126},[60,132129,136],{"class":74},[60,132131,132132,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,132133,143],{"class":142},[60,132135,130],{"class":74},[60,132137,2629],{"class":1527},[60,132139,130],{"class":74},[60,132141,90996],{"class":126},[60,132143,1042],{"class":74},[20,132145,132146],{},[4753,132147,153],{},[51,132149,132151],{"className":53,"code":132150,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,132152,132153,132162],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132154,132155,132157,132159],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132156,2386],{"class":66},[60,132158,88],{"class":74},[60,132160,132161],{"class":66}," Chris!\n",[60,132163,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132165,4304],{"class":70},[60,132167,4307],{"class":3082},[60,132169,365],{"class":78},[60,132171,1528],{"class":82},[60,132173,356],{"class":78},[60,132175,4316],{"class":70},[20,132177,132178],{},"The original string is not changed.",[46,132180,132182,132184],{"id":132181},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,132183,127319],{}," vs f-strings",[20,132186,132187,132189],{},[15,132188,127319],{}," is a string method.",[20,132191,132192],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,132194,47022,132195,3901],{},[15,132196,127319],{},[51,132198,132200],{"className":53,"code":132199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,132201,132202,132215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132203,132204,132206,132208,132210,132213],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132205,8872],{"class":66},[60,132207,71],{"class":70},[60,132209,91],{"class":78},[60,132211,132212],{"class":82},"Rita",[60,132214,2389],{"class":78},[60,132216,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132218,143],{"class":142},[60,132220,130],{"class":74},[60,132222,79],{"class":78},[60,132224,45883],{"class":82},[60,132226,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132228,90820],{"class":82},[60,132230,79],{"class":78},[60,132232,123],{"class":74},[60,132234,131037],{"class":126},[60,132236,130],{"class":74},[60,132238,8666],{"class":126},[60,132240,1042],{"class":74},[20,132242,132243],{},"Example with an f-string:",[51,132245,132247],{"className":53,"code":132246,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,132248,132249,132261],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132250,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132252,8872],{"class":66},[60,132254,71],{"class":70},[60,132256,91],{"class":78},[60,132258,132212],{"class":82},[60,132260,2389],{"class":78},[60,132262,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132280],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132264,143],{"class":142},[60,132266,130],{"class":74},[60,132268,23288],{"class":3082},[60,132270,44327],{"class":82},[60,132272,10275],{"class":1402},[60,132274,8666],{"class":126},[60,132276,23297],{"class":1402},[60,132278,132279],{"class":82},"!\"",[60,132281,136],{"class":74},[20,132283,132284],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,132286,132287,132288,132290,132291,123],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,132289,127319],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[551,132292,90666],{"href":90665},[46,132294,3845],{"id":3844},[20,132296,132297,132298,123],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,132299,127319],{},[415,132301,132303],{"id":132302},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,132305,132306],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[51,132308,132310],{"className":53,"code":132309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132311,132312,132345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132313,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132315,35681],{"class":66},[60,132317,71],{"class":70},[60,132319,91],{"class":78},[60,132321,45883],{"class":82},[60,132323,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132325,132326],{"class":1402}," {}",[60,132328,90820],{"class":82},[60,132330,79],{"class":78},[60,132332,123],{"class":74},[60,132334,131037],{"class":126},[60,132336,130],{"class":74},[60,132338,79],{"class":78},[60,132340,1781],{"class":82},[60,132342,79],{"class":78},[60,132344,136],{"class":74},[60,132346,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132348,143],{"class":142},[60,132350,130],{"class":74},[60,132352,35702],{"class":126},[60,132354,136],{"class":74},[20,132356,132357],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,132359,132360],{},"Fixed version:",[51,132362,132364],{"className":53,"code":132363,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132365,132366,132406],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132369,35681],{"class":66},[60,132371,71],{"class":70},[60,132373,91],{"class":78},[60,132375,45883],{"class":82},[60,132377,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132379,132326],{"class":1402},[60,132381,90820],{"class":82},[60,132383,79],{"class":78},[60,132385,123],{"class":74},[60,132387,131037],{"class":126},[60,132389,130],{"class":74},[60,132391,79],{"class":78},[60,132393,1781],{"class":82},[60,132395,79],{"class":78},[60,132397,88],{"class":74},[60,132399,91],{"class":78},[60,132401,1790],{"class":82},[60,132403,79],{"class":78},[60,132405,136],{"class":74},[60,132407,132408,132410,132412,132414],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132409,143],{"class":142},[60,132411,130],{"class":74},[60,132413,35702],{"class":126},[60,132415,136],{"class":74},[415,132417,132419],{"id":132418},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,132421,132422,132423,123],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,132424,127319],{},[20,132426,132427],{},"Problem:",[51,132429,132431],{"className":53,"code":132430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132432,132433,132467],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132434,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132436,35681],{"class":66},[60,132438,71],{"class":70},[60,132440,91],{"class":78},[60,132442,45883],{"class":82},[60,132444,131654],{"class":1402},[60,132446,90820],{"class":82},[60,132448,79],{"class":78},[60,132450,123],{"class":74},[60,132452,131037],{"class":126},[60,132454,130],{"class":74},[60,132456,8980],{"class":10173},[60,132458,71],{"class":70},[60,132460,79],{"class":78},[60,132462,1781],{"class":82},[60,132464,79],{"class":78},[60,132466,136],{"class":74},[60,132468,132469,132471,132473,132475],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132470,143],{"class":142},[60,132472,130],{"class":74},[60,132474,35702],{"class":126},[60,132476,136],{"class":74},[20,132478,132360],{},[51,132480,132482],{"className":53,"code":132481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132483,132484,132518],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132485,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514,132516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132487,35681],{"class":66},[60,132489,71],{"class":70},[60,132491,91],{"class":78},[60,132493,45883],{"class":82},[60,132495,131654],{"class":1402},[60,132497,90820],{"class":82},[60,132499,79],{"class":78},[60,132501,123],{"class":74},[60,132503,131037],{"class":126},[60,132505,130],{"class":74},[60,132507,8666],{"class":10173},[60,132509,71],{"class":70},[60,132511,79],{"class":78},[60,132513,1781],{"class":82},[60,132515,79],{"class":78},[60,132517,136],{"class":74},[60,132519,132520,132522,132524,132526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132521,143],{"class":142},[60,132523,130],{"class":74},[60,132525,35702],{"class":126},[60,132527,136],{"class":74},[415,132529,9449,132531,132533],{"id":132530},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,132532,127319],{}," to change the original string",[20,132535,132536,132538],{},[15,132537,127319],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,132540,132427],{},[51,132542,132544],{"className":53,"code":132543,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132545,132546,132560,132578],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132547,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132549,35681],{"class":66},[60,132551,71],{"class":70},[60,132553,91],{"class":78},[60,132555,45883],{"class":82},[60,132557,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132559,2389],{"class":78},[60,132561,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132563,35702],{"class":66},[60,132565,123],{"class":74},[60,132567,131037],{"class":126},[60,132569,130],{"class":74},[60,132571,79],{"class":78},[60,132573,1781],{"class":82},[60,132575,79],{"class":78},[60,132577,136],{"class":74},[60,132579,132580,132582,132584,132586],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,132581,143],{"class":142},[60,132583,130],{"class":74},[60,132585,35702],{"class":126},[60,132587,136],{"class":74},[20,132589,132590],{},[4753,132591,153],{},[51,132593,132595],{"className":53,"code":132594,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Hello, {}\n",[15,132596,132597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132598,132599,132601,132603],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132600,2386],{"class":66},[60,132602,88],{"class":74},[60,132604,10835],{"class":74},[20,132606,132360],{},[51,132608,132610],{"className":53,"code":132609,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,132611,132612,132626,132648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132613,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132615,35681],{"class":66},[60,132617,71],{"class":70},[60,132619,91],{"class":78},[60,132621,45883],{"class":82},[60,132623,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132625,2389],{"class":78},[60,132627,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132629,35681],{"class":66},[60,132631,71],{"class":70},[60,132633,43826],{"class":66},[60,132635,123],{"class":74},[60,132637,131037],{"class":126},[60,132639,130],{"class":74},[60,132641,79],{"class":78},[60,132643,1781],{"class":82},[60,132645,79],{"class":78},[60,132647,136],{"class":74},[60,132649,132650,132652,132654,132656],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,132651,143],{"class":142},[60,132653,130],{"class":74},[60,132655,35702],{"class":126},[60,132657,136],{"class":74},[415,132659,5706,132661,2232],{"id":132660},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,132662,127319],{},[20,132664,132665],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[415,132667,132669],{"id":132668},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,132671,132672],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,132674,132675,132676,132678],{},"Use simple ",[15,132677,4802],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,132680,132681,132682,123],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[551,132683,91377],{"href":91376},[46,132685,68870],{"id":68869},[20,132687,132688],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[51,132690,132692],{"className":53,"code":132691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,132693,132694,132704,132718,132747],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132695,132696,132698,132700,132702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132697,143],{"class":142},[60,132699,130],{"class":74},[60,132701,35702],{"class":126},[60,132703,136],{"class":74},[60,132705,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132707,143],{"class":142},[60,132709,130],{"class":74},[60,132711,2629],{"class":1527},[60,132713,130],{"class":74},[60,132715,3487],{"class":126},[60,132717,1042],{"class":74},[60,132719,132720,132722,132724,132726,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,132721,143],{"class":142},[60,132723,130],{"class":74},[60,132725,79],{"class":78},[60,132727,132728],{"class":82},"Hello ",[60,132730,4802],{"class":1402},[60,132732,79],{"class":78},[60,132734,123],{"class":74},[60,132736,131037],{"class":126},[60,132738,130],{"class":74},[60,132740,79],{"class":78},[60,132742,1781],{"class":82},[60,132744,79],{"class":78},[60,132746,1042],{"class":74},[60,132748,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,132750,33145],{"class":142},[60,132752,130],{"class":74},[60,132754,1528],{"class":1527},[60,132756,123],{"class":74},[60,132758,131037],{"class":25743},[60,132760,136],{"class":74},[20,132762,132763],{},"Use them to check:",[33,132765,132766,132769,132772,132775],{},[36,132767,132768],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[36,132770,132771],{},"what type your value has",[36,132773,132774],{},"whether a small test example works",[36,132776,132777,132778],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,132779,132780],{},"str.format",[46,132782,2804],{"id":2803},[415,132784,130818,132786,13710],{"id":132785},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,132787,127319],{},[20,132789,132790],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[415,132792,132794],{"id":132793},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,132796,132797,132798,132800],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,132799,4802],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[415,132802,132804,132805,2863],{"id":132803},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,132806,127319],{},[20,132808,132809,132810,132813],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,132811,132812],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[415,132815,15896,132817,132819],{"id":132816},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,132818,127319],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,132821,132822,132823,132825],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,132824,127319],{}," is still useful and common.",[46,132827,2870],{"id":2869},[33,132829,132830,132834,132838,132844,132850],{},[36,132831,132832],{},[551,132833,554],{"href":553},[36,132835,132836],{},[551,132837,91654],{"href":90665},[36,132839,132840],{},[551,132841,163,132842,1579],{"href":47431},[15,132843,47434],{},[36,132845,132846],{},[551,132847,163,132848,1579],{"href":1575},[15,132849,1578],{},[36,132851,132852],{},[551,132853,91377],{"href":91376},[2912,132855,132856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":132858},[132859,132860,132862,132863,132864,132865,132866,132867,132869,132878,132879,132888],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":131104,"depth":111,"text":132861},"What the format() method does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":131385,"depth":111,"text":131386},{"id":131647,"depth":111,"text":131648},{"id":131878,"depth":111,"text":131879},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":132181,"depth":111,"text":132868},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":132870},[132871,132872,132873,132875,132877],{"id":132302,"depth":139,"text":132303},{"id":132418,"depth":139,"text":132419},{"id":132530,"depth":139,"text":132874},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":132660,"depth":139,"text":132876},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":132668,"depth":139,"text":132669},{"id":68869,"depth":111,"text":68870},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":132880},[132881,132883,132884,132886],{"id":132785,"depth":139,"text":132882},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":132793,"depth":139,"text":132794},{"id":132803,"depth":139,"text":132885},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":132816,"depth":139,"text":132887},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130964,"description":132889},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132896,"title":132897,"body":132898,"description":134378,"extension":2980,"meta":134379,"navigation":304,"path":134380,"seo":134381,"stem":134382,"__hash__":134383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132899,"toc":134350},[132900,132905,132910,132915,132917,132979,132986,132992,132997,132999,133015,133017,133088,133090,133104,133107,133157,133159,133161,133188,133191,133206,133209,133250,133253,133298,133305,133354,133356,133364,133366,133384,133386,133479,133487,133528,133533,133540,133546,133553,133556,133560,133661,133663,133685,133689,133742,133745,133748,133754,133761,133763,133802,133804,133822,133832,133839,133922,133925,133932,133939,133946,133950,133958,134004,134008,134017,134082,134087,134092,134103,134105,134110,134137,134139,134242,134245,134265,134267,134272,134275,134279,134283,134290,134299,134305,134308,134314,134316,134318,134347],[10,132901,13,132903,18],{"id":132902},"python-string-index-method",[15,132904,59948],{},[20,132906,22,132907,132909],{},[15,132908,59948],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132911,132912,132913,123],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132914,41690],{},[46,132916,3022],{"id":3021},[51,132918,132920],{"className":53,"code":132919,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132921,132922,132934,132956,132966,132970,132974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,132923,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,132925,35681],{"class":66},[60,132927,71],{"class":70},[60,132929,91],{"class":78},[60,132931,61387],{"class":82},[60,132933,2389],{"class":78},[60,132935,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,132937,65894],{"class":66},[60,132939,71],{"class":70},[60,132941,43826],{"class":66},[60,132943,123],{"class":74},[60,132945,36840],{"class":126},[60,132947,130],{"class":74},[60,132949,79],{"class":78},[60,132951,1017],{"class":82},[60,132953,79],{"class":78},[60,132955,136],{"class":74},[60,132957,132958,132960,132962,132964],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,132959,143],{"class":142},[60,132961,130],{"class":74},[60,132963,65921],{"class":126},[60,132965,136],{"class":74},[60,132967,132968],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,132969,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,132971,132972],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,132973,91795],{"class":4674},[60,132975,132976],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,132977,132978],{"class":4674},"# 6\n",[20,132980,171,132981,132983,132984,123],{},[15,132982,59948],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132985,41690],{},[46,132987,178,132989,181],{"id":132988},"what-strindex-does",[15,132990,132991],{},"str.index()",[20,132993,132994,132996],{},[15,132995,132991],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132998,14046],{},[33,133000,133001,133004,133007,133010],{},[36,133002,133003],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[36,133005,133006],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[36,133008,133009],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[36,133011,31287,133012,133014],{},[15,133013,41690],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,133016,236],{},[51,133018,133020],{"className":53,"code":133019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,133021,133022,133034,133038,133063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133023,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133025,35681],{"class":66},[60,133027,71],{"class":70},[60,133029,91],{"class":78},[60,133031,1619],{"class":82},[60,133033,2389],{"class":78},[60,133035,133036],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133037,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133039,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133041,143],{"class":142},[60,133043,130],{"class":74},[60,133045,35702],{"class":126},[60,133047,123],{"class":74},[60,133049,36840],{"class":126},[60,133051,130],{"class":74},[60,133053,79],{"class":78},[60,133055,551],{"class":82},[60,133057,79],{"class":78},[60,133059,6362],{"class":74},[60,133061,133062],{"class":4674},"     # 1\n",[60,133064,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,133066,143],{"class":142},[60,133068,130],{"class":74},[60,133070,35702],{"class":126},[60,133072,123],{"class":74},[60,133074,36840],{"class":126},[60,133076,130],{"class":74},[60,133078,79],{"class":78},[60,133080,124411],{"class":82},[60,133082,79],{"class":78},[60,133084,6362],{"class":74},[60,133086,133087],{"class":4674},"    # 2\n",[20,133089,3196],{},[33,133091,133092,133098],{},[36,133093,133094,129528,133096],{},[15,133095,19089],{},[15,133097,1432],{},[36,133099,133100,129528,133102],{},[15,133101,129527],{},[15,133103,1925],{},[20,133105,133106],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[51,133108,133110],{"className":53,"code":133109,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,133111,133112,133124,133128,133152],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133113,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133115,35681],{"class":66},[60,133117,71],{"class":70},[60,133119,91],{"class":78},[60,133121,2386],{"class":82},[60,133123,2389],{"class":78},[60,133125,133126],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133127,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133129,133130,133132,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133131,143],{"class":142},[60,133133,130],{"class":74},[60,133135,35702],{"class":126},[60,133137,123],{"class":74},[60,133139,36840],{"class":126},[60,133141,130],{"class":74},[60,133143,79],{"class":78},[60,133145,52170],{"class":82},[60,133147,79],{"class":78},[60,133149,6362],{"class":74},[60,133151,21762],{"class":4674},[60,133153,133154],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,133155,133156],{"class":4674},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[46,133158,389],{"id":388},[20,133160,3177],{},[51,133162,133164],{"className":53,"code":133163,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,133165,133166],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133167,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133169,1179],{"class":66},[60,133171,123],{"class":74},[60,133173,36840],{"class":126},[60,133175,130],{"class":74},[60,133177,3487],{"class":126},[60,133179,88],{"class":74},[60,133181,37041],{"class":126},[60,133183,88],{"class":74},[60,133185,66015],{"class":126},[60,133187,136],{"class":74},[20,133189,133190],{},"Parameters:",[33,133192,133193,133197,133201],{},[36,133194,133195,124510],{},[15,133196,3487],{},[36,133198,133199,129574],{},[15,133200,37062],{},[36,133202,133203,133205],{},[15,133204,53640],{},": optional stopping position",[20,133207,133208],{},"You can use just the value:",[51,133210,133212],{"className":53,"code":133211,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,133213,133214,133226],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133215,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133217,35681],{"class":66},[60,133219,71],{"class":70},[60,133221,91],{"class":78},[60,133223,55],{"class":82},[60,133225,2389],{"class":78},[60,133227,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133229,143],{"class":142},[60,133231,130],{"class":74},[60,133233,35702],{"class":126},[60,133235,123],{"class":74},[60,133237,36840],{"class":126},[60,133239,130],{"class":74},[60,133241,79],{"class":78},[60,133243,794],{"class":82},[60,133245,79],{"class":78},[60,133247,6362],{"class":74},[60,133249,52394],{"class":4674},[20,133251,133252],{},"Or include a start position:",[51,133254,133256],{"className":53,"code":133255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,133257,133258,133270],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133259,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133261,35681],{"class":66},[60,133263,71],{"class":70},[60,133265,91],{"class":78},[60,133267,1619],{"class":82},[60,133269,2389],{"class":78},[60,133271,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133296],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133273,143],{"class":142},[60,133275,130],{"class":74},[60,133277,35702],{"class":126},[60,133279,123],{"class":74},[60,133281,36840],{"class":126},[60,133283,130],{"class":74},[60,133285,79],{"class":78},[60,133287,551],{"class":82},[60,133289,79],{"class":78},[60,133291,88],{"class":74},[60,133293,1437],{"class":1402},[60,133295,6362],{"class":74},[60,133297,51750],{"class":4674},[20,133299,133300,133301,2360,133303,3901],{},"Or include both ",[15,133302,37062],{},[15,133304,53640],{},[51,133306,133308],{"className":53,"code":133307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,133309,133310,133322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133311,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133313,35681],{"class":66},[60,133315,71],{"class":70},[60,133317,91],{"class":78},[60,133319,1619],{"class":82},[60,133321,2389],{"class":78},[60,133323,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133325,143],{"class":142},[60,133327,130],{"class":74},[60,133329,35702],{"class":126},[60,133331,123],{"class":74},[60,133333,36840],{"class":126},[60,133335,130],{"class":74},[60,133337,79],{"class":78},[60,133339,551],{"class":82},[60,133341,79],{"class":78},[60,133343,88],{"class":74},[60,133345,1437],{"class":1402},[60,133347,88],{"class":74},[60,133349,5606],{"class":1402},[60,133351,6362],{"class":74},[60,133353,51750],{"class":4674},[46,133355,39008],{"id":39007},[20,133357,29701,133358,133360,133361,123],{},[15,133359,59948],{}," is a ",[4753,133362,133363],{},"zero-based index",[20,133365,3124],{},[33,133367,133368,133374,133379],{},[36,133369,133370,133371,133373],{},"Index ",[15,133372,3137],{}," is the first character",[36,133375,133370,133376,133378],{},[15,133377,1432],{}," is the second character",[36,133380,133370,133381,133383],{},[15,133382,1925],{}," is the third character",[20,133385,236],{},[51,133387,133389],{"className":53,"code":133388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,133390,133391,133403,133407,133431,133455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133392,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133394,35681],{"class":66},[60,133396,71],{"class":70},[60,133398,91],{"class":78},[60,133400,38035],{"class":82},[60,133402,2389],{"class":78},[60,133404,133405],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133406,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133408,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419,133421,133423,133425,133427,133429],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133410,143],{"class":142},[60,133412,130],{"class":74},[60,133414,35702],{"class":126},[60,133416,123],{"class":74},[60,133418,36840],{"class":126},[60,133420,130],{"class":74},[60,133422,79],{"class":78},[60,133424,1895],{"class":82},[60,133426,79],{"class":78},[60,133428,6362],{"class":74},[60,133430,52226],{"class":4674},[60,133432,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133453],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,133434,143],{"class":142},[60,133436,130],{"class":74},[60,133438,35702],{"class":126},[60,133440,123],{"class":74},[60,133442,36840],{"class":126},[60,133444,130],{"class":74},[60,133446,79],{"class":78},[60,133448,551],{"class":82},[60,133450,79],{"class":78},[60,133452,6362],{"class":74},[60,133454,28773],{"class":4674},[60,133456,133457,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,133458,143],{"class":142},[60,133460,130],{"class":74},[60,133462,35702],{"class":126},[60,133464,123],{"class":74},[60,133466,36840],{"class":126},[60,133468,130],{"class":74},[60,133470,79],{"class":78},[60,133472,794],{"class":82},[60,133474,79],{"class":78},[60,133476,6362],{"class":74},[60,133478,52394],{"class":4674},[20,133480,133481,133483,133484,133486],{},[15,133482,59948],{}," returns only the ",[4753,133485,30902],{}," matching position.",[51,133488,133490],{"className":53,"code":133489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,133491,133492,133504],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133493,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133495,35681],{"class":66},[60,133497,71],{"class":70},[60,133499,91],{"class":78},[60,133501,1619],{"class":82},[60,133503,2389],{"class":78},[60,133505,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133507,143],{"class":142},[60,133509,130],{"class":74},[60,133511,35702],{"class":126},[60,133513,123],{"class":74},[60,133515,36840],{"class":126},[60,133517,130],{"class":74},[60,133519,79],{"class":78},[60,133521,551],{"class":82},[60,133523,79],{"class":78},[60,133525,6362],{"class":74},[60,133527,28773],{"class":4674},[20,133529,21972,133530,133532],{},[15,133531,19089],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,133534,133535,133536,123],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[551,133537,133538,2887],{"href":125768},[15,133539,59570],{},[46,133541,9413,133542,2360,133544],{"id":66381},[15,133543,37062],{},[15,133545,53640],{},[20,133547,2997,133548,2360,133550,133552],{},[15,133549,37062],{},[15,133551,53640],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,133554,133555],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,133557,47022,133558,3901],{},[15,133559,37062],{},[51,133561,133563],{"className":53,"code":133562,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,133564,133565,133577,133581,133605,133633],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133566,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133568,35681],{"class":66},[60,133570,71],{"class":70},[60,133572,91],{"class":78},[60,133574,1619],{"class":82},[60,133576,2389],{"class":78},[60,133578,133579],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133580,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133582,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133584,143],{"class":142},[60,133586,130],{"class":74},[60,133588,35702],{"class":126},[60,133590,123],{"class":74},[60,133592,36840],{"class":126},[60,133594,130],{"class":74},[60,133596,79],{"class":78},[60,133598,551],{"class":82},[60,133600,79],{"class":78},[60,133602,6362],{"class":74},[60,133604,52099],{"class":4674},[60,133606,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,133608,143],{"class":142},[60,133610,130],{"class":74},[60,133612,35702],{"class":126},[60,133614,123],{"class":74},[60,133616,36840],{"class":126},[60,133618,130],{"class":74},[60,133620,79],{"class":78},[60,133622,551],{"class":82},[60,133624,79],{"class":78},[60,133626,88],{"class":74},[60,133628,1437],{"class":1402},[60,133630,6362],{"class":74},[60,133632,51949],{"class":4674},[60,133634,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,133636,143],{"class":142},[60,133638,130],{"class":74},[60,133640,35702],{"class":126},[60,133642,123],{"class":74},[60,133644,36840],{"class":126},[60,133646,130],{"class":74},[60,133648,79],{"class":78},[60,133650,551],{"class":82},[60,133652,79],{"class":78},[60,133654,88],{"class":74},[60,133656,3471],{"class":1402},[60,133658,6362],{"class":74},[60,133660,51733],{"class":4674},[20,133662,20951],{},[33,133664,133665,133672,133678],{},[36,133666,133667,133668,66571,133670],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,133669,19089],{},[15,133671,1432],{},[36,133673,133674,133675,133677],{},"Starting at index ",[15,133676,1925],{}," skips that first match",[36,133679,133674,133680,133682,133683],{},[15,133681,3519],{}," finds the last ",[15,133684,19089],{},[20,133686,47022,133687,3901],{},[15,133688,53640],{},[51,133690,133692],{"className":53,"code":133691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,133693,133694,133706,133710],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133695,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133697,35681],{"class":66},[60,133699,71],{"class":70},[60,133701,91],{"class":78},[60,133703,1619],{"class":82},[60,133705,2389],{"class":78},[60,133707,133708],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133709,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133711,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133713,143],{"class":142},[60,133715,130],{"class":74},[60,133717,35702],{"class":126},[60,133719,123],{"class":74},[60,133721,36840],{"class":126},[60,133723,130],{"class":74},[60,133725,79],{"class":78},[60,133727,821],{"class":82},[60,133729,79],{"class":78},[60,133731,88],{"class":74},[60,133733,4843],{"class":1402},[60,133735,88],{"class":74},[60,133737,3471],{"class":1402},[60,133739,6362],{"class":74},[60,133741,52394],{"class":4674},[20,133743,133744],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,133746,133747],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[46,133749,45194,133751,133753],{"id":133750},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,133752,59948],{}," causes an error",[20,133755,133756,133757,53474,133759,123],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,133758,59948],{},[15,133760,41690],{},[20,133762,236],{},[51,133764,133766],{"className":53,"code":133765,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,133767,133768,133780],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133769,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133771,35681],{"class":66},[60,133773,71],{"class":70},[60,133775,91],{"class":78},[60,133777,1008],{"class":82},[60,133779,2389],{"class":78},[60,133781,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133783,143],{"class":142},[60,133785,130],{"class":74},[60,133787,35702],{"class":126},[60,133789,123],{"class":74},[60,133791,36840],{"class":126},[60,133793,130],{"class":74},[60,133795,79],{"class":78},[60,133797,23072],{"class":82},[60,133799,79],{"class":78},[60,133801,1042],{"class":74},[20,133803,153],{},[51,133805,133807],{"className":53,"code":133806,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,133808,133809],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133810,133811,133813,133815,133818,133820],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133812,41690],{"class":1527},[60,133814,3901],{"class":74},[60,133816,133817],{"class":66}," substring ",[60,133819,5632],{"class":70},[60,133821,66804],{"class":66},[20,133823,54321,133824,127283,133829,133831],{},[551,133825,133826],{"href":130958},[15,133827,133828],{},"str.find()",[15,133830,66829],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,133833,133834,133835,2360,133837,3901],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,133836,30797],{},[15,133838,30828],{},[51,133840,133842],{"className":53,"code":133841,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,133843,133844,133856,133860,133866,133889,133899,133907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133845,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133847,35681],{"class":66},[60,133849,71],{"class":70},[60,133851,91],{"class":78},[60,133853,1008],{"class":82},[60,133855,2389],{"class":78},[60,133857,133858],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133859,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,133861,133862,133864],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,133863,30797],{"class":2665},[60,133865,7392],{"class":74},[60,133867,133868,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,133869,133870],{"class":66},"    position ",[60,133872,71],{"class":70},[60,133874,43826],{"class":66},[60,133876,123],{"class":74},[60,133878,36840],{"class":126},[60,133880,130],{"class":74},[60,133882,79],{"class":78},[60,133884,23072],{"class":82},[60,133886,79],{"class":78},[60,133888,136],{"class":74},[60,133890,133891,133893,133895,133897],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,133892,9064],{"class":142},[60,133894,130],{"class":74},[60,133896,65921],{"class":126},[60,133898,136],{"class":74},[60,133900,133901,133903,133905],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,133902,30828],{"class":2665},[60,133904,42913],{"class":1527},[60,133906,7392],{"class":74},[60,133908,133909,133911,133913,133915,133918,133920],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,133910,9064],{"class":142},[60,133912,130],{"class":74},[60,133914,79],{"class":78},[60,133916,133917],{"class":82},"Substring not found",[60,133919,79],{"class":78},[60,133921,136],{"class":74},[20,133923,133924],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133926,42933,133927,123],{},[551,133928,1999,133930],{"href":133929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133931,130285],{},[46,133933,133935,11583,133937],{"id":133934},"index-vs-find",[15,133936,59948],{},[15,133938,125313],{},[20,133940,133941,2360,133943,133945],{},[15,133942,59948],{},[15,133944,125313],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[415,133947,133948],{"id":36840},[15,133949,59948],{},[33,133951,133952,133955],{},[36,133953,133954],{},"Returns the first match position",[36,133956,133957],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[51,133959,133961],{"className":53,"code":133960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133962,133963,133975,133999],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,133964,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,133966,35681],{"class":66},[60,133968,71],{"class":70},[60,133970,91],{"class":78},[60,133972,1008],{"class":82},[60,133974,2389],{"class":78},[60,133976,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,133978,143],{"class":142},[60,133980,130],{"class":74},[60,133982,35702],{"class":126},[60,133984,123],{"class":74},[60,133986,36840],{"class":126},[60,133988,130],{"class":74},[60,133990,79],{"class":78},[60,133992,61427],{"class":82},[60,133994,79],{"class":78},[60,133996,6362],{"class":74},[60,133998,28773],{"class":4674},[60,134000,134001],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,134002,134003],{"class":4674},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[415,134005,134006],{"id":129340},[15,134007,125313],{},[33,134009,134010,134012],{},[36,134011,133954],{},[36,134013,12419,134014,134016],{},[15,134015,66829],{}," if nothing is found",[51,134018,134020],{"className":53,"code":134019,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,134021,134022,134034,134058],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134023,134024,134026,134028,134030,134032],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134025,35681],{"class":66},[60,134027,71],{"class":70},[60,134029,91],{"class":78},[60,134031,1008],{"class":82},[60,134033,2389],{"class":78},[60,134035,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134037,143],{"class":142},[60,134039,130],{"class":74},[60,134041,35702],{"class":126},[60,134043,123],{"class":74},[60,134045,129340],{"class":126},[60,134047,130],{"class":74},[60,134049,79],{"class":78},[60,134051,61427],{"class":82},[60,134053,79],{"class":78},[60,134055,6362],{"class":74},[60,134057,28773],{"class":4674},[60,134059,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,134061,143],{"class":142},[60,134063,130],{"class":74},[60,134065,35702],{"class":126},[60,134067,123],{"class":74},[60,134069,129340],{"class":126},[60,134071,130],{"class":74},[60,134073,79],{"class":78},[60,134075,23072],{"class":82},[60,134077,79],{"class":78},[60,134079,6362],{"class":74},[60,134081,129696],{"class":4674},[20,134083,171,134084,134086],{},[15,134085,59948],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,134088,171,134089,134091],{},[15,134090,125313],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,134093,134094,134095,3894,134100,123],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[551,134096,134097,134099],{"href":130958},[15,134098,133828],{}," method reference",[551,134101,128351],{"href":134102},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[46,134104,3845],{"id":3844},[20,134106,134107,134108,3901],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,134109,59948],{},[33,134111,134112,134115,134122,134127,134132],{},[36,134113,134114],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[36,134116,9449,134117,9452,134119,134121],{},[15,134118,59948],{},[15,134120,66829],{}," when no match exists",[36,134123,9413,134124,134126],{},[15,134125,59948],{}," on a value that may not be present",[36,134128,134129,134130],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,134131,1432],{},[36,134133,5580,134134,134136],{},[15,134135,59948],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,134138,63271],{},[51,134140,134142],{"className":53,"code":134141,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,134143,134144,134154,134168,134190,134212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,134145,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,134147,143],{"class":142},[60,134149,130],{"class":74},[60,134151,35702],{"class":126},[60,134153,136],{"class":74},[60,134155,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,134157,143],{"class":142},[60,134159,130],{"class":74},[60,134161,42766],{"class":142},[60,134163,130],{"class":74},[60,134165,35702],{"class":126},[60,134167,1042],{"class":74},[60,134169,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,134171,143],{"class":142},[60,134173,130],{"class":74},[60,134175,35702],{"class":126},[60,134177,123],{"class":74},[60,134179,36840],{"class":126},[60,134181,130],{"class":74},[60,134183,79],{"class":78},[60,134185,3487],{"class":82},[60,134187,79],{"class":78},[60,134189,1042],{"class":74},[60,134191,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,134193,143],{"class":142},[60,134195,130],{"class":74},[60,134197,35702],{"class":126},[60,134199,123],{"class":74},[60,134201,129340],{"class":126},[60,134203,130],{"class":74},[60,134205,79],{"class":78},[60,134207,3487],{"class":82},[60,134209,79],{"class":78},[60,134211,1042],{"class":74},[60,134213,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,134215,143],{"class":142},[60,134217,130],{"class":74},[60,134219,35702],{"class":126},[60,134221,123],{"class":74},[60,134223,36840],{"class":126},[60,134225,130],{"class":74},[60,134227,79],{"class":78},[60,134229,3487],{"class":82},[60,134231,79],{"class":78},[60,134233,88],{"class":74},[60,134235,37041],{"class":126},[60,134237,88],{"class":74},[60,134239,66015],{"class":126},[60,134241,1042],{"class":74},[20,134243,134244],{},"Tips:",[33,134246,134247,134252,134257,134260],{},[36,134248,171,134249,134251],{},[15,134250,127239],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[36,134253,171,134254,134256],{},[15,134255,125313],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[36,134258,134259],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[36,134261,134262,134263],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,134264,3137],{},[46,134266,2804],{"id":2803},[415,134268,130818,134270,13710],{"id":134269},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,134271,59948],{},[20,134273,134274],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[415,134276,134278],{"id":134277},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,134280,77832,134281,123],{},[15,134282,41690],{},[415,134284,6180,134286,2360,134288,2863],{"id":134285},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,134287,59948],{},[15,134289,125313],{},[20,134291,134292,134294,134295,3412,134297,2225],{},[15,134293,59948],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,134296,125313],{},[15,134298,66829],{},[415,134300,6170,134302,134304],{"id":134301},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,134303,59948],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,134306,134307],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[415,134309,134311,134312,125654],{"id":134310},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,134313,59948],{},[20,134315,130843],{},[46,134317,2870],{"id":2869},[33,134319,134320,134326,134330,134335,134341],{},[36,134321,134322],{},[551,134323,134324,2887],{"href":130958},[15,134325,133828],{},[36,134327,134328],{},[551,134329,125717],{"href":134102},[36,134331,134332],{},[551,134333,130919],{"href":134334},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[36,134336,134337],{},[551,134338,134339,2887],{"href":125768},[15,134340,59570],{},[36,134342,134343],{},[551,134344,2898,134345],{"href":133929},[15,134346,130285],{},[2912,134348,134349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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index() causes an error",{"id":133934,"depth":111,"text":134361,"children":134362},"index() vs find()",[134363,134364],{"id":36840,"depth":139,"text":59948},{"id":129340,"depth":139,"text":125313},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":134367},[134368,134370,134371,134373,134375],{"id":134269,"depth":139,"text":134369},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":134277,"depth":139,"text":134278},{"id":134285,"depth":139,"text":134372},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":134301,"depth":139,"text":134374},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":134310,"depth":139,"text":134376},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136915,"toc":138449},[136916,136921,136926,136928,136942,136987,136994,136999,137004,137006,137022,137031,137033,137035,137050,137052,137062,137064,137126,137128,137131,137192,137194,137210,137212,137225,137228,137275,137277,137283,137286,137289,137349,137357,137443,137447,137452,137454,137468,137471,137556,137559,137617,137628,137683,137685,137692,137698,137704,137748,137751,137798,137800,137802,137809,137811,137842,137845,137847,137878,137882,137885,137887,137927,137929,137972,137978,137983,137985,138012,138017,138020,138069,138073,138076,138151,138162,138165,138222,138229,138235,138243,138248,138255,138262,138280,138282,138336,138344,138346,138351,138354,138360,138366,138371,138374,138380,138386,138393,138401,138403,138446],[10,136917,13,136919,18],{"id":136918},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136920,125048],{},[20,136922,22,136923,136925],{},[15,136924,125048],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136927,25080],{},[33,136929,136930,136933,136936,136939],{},[36,136931,136932],{},"convert text to lowercase",[36,136934,136935],{},"compare text without case differences",[36,136937,136938],{},"clean up user input",[36,136940,136941],{},"make simple text matching easier",[51,136943,136945],{"className":53,"code":136944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136946,136947,136960,136974],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,136950,35681],{"class":66},[60,136952,71],{"class":70},[60,136954,91],{"class":78},[60,136956,136957],{"class":82},"Hello WORLD",[60,136959,2389],{"class":78},[60,136961,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970,136972],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,136963,114],{"class":66},[60,136965,71],{"class":70},[60,136967,43826],{"class":66},[60,136969,123],{"class":74},[60,136971,9637],{"class":126},[60,136973,9640],{"class":74},[60,136975,136976,136978,136980,136982,136984],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,136977,143],{"class":142},[60,136979,130],{"class":74},[60,136981,148],{"class":126},[60,136983,2662],{"class":74},[60,136985,136986],{"class":4674},"  # hello world\n",[20,136988,136989,89936,136991,136993],{},[4753,136990,84794],{},[15,136992,125048],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[46,136995,178,136997,181],{"id":136996},"what-lower-does",[15,136998,125048],{},[20,137000,137001,137003],{},[15,137002,125048],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,137005,14046],{},[33,137007,137008,137013,137016,137019],{},[36,137009,137010,137012],{},[15,137011,125048],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[36,137014,137015],{},"It works on string objects",[36,137017,137018],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[36,137020,137021],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,137023,126070,137024,137028,137029,123],{},[551,137025,137027],{"href":137026},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[551,137030,51955],{"href":553},[46,137032,389],{"id":388},[20,137034,3177],{},[51,137036,137038],{"className":53,"code":137037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.lower()\n",[15,137039,137040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137041,137042,137044,137046,137048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137043,1179],{"class":66},[60,137045,123],{"class":74},[60,137047,9637],{"class":126},[60,137049,9640],{"class":74},[20,137051,44631],{},[33,137053,137054,137056,137059],{},[36,137055,98497],{},[36,137057,137058],{},"You call it directly on a string",[36,137060,137061],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,137063,236],{},[51,137065,137067],{"className":53,"code":137066,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,137068,137069,137092,137096,137109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137070,137071,137073,137075,137077,137080,137082,137084,137086,137089],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137072,143],{"class":142},[60,137074,130],{"class":74},[60,137076,79],{"class":78},[60,137078,137079],{"class":82},"HELLO",[60,137081,79],{"class":78},[60,137083,123],{"class":74},[60,137085,9637],{"class":126},[60,137087,137088],{"class":74},"())",[60,137090,137091],{"class":4674},"  # hello\n",[60,137093,137094],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137095,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137097,137098,137100,137102,137104,137107],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137099,8872],{"class":66},[60,137101,71],{"class":70},[60,137103,91],{"class":78},[60,137105,137106],{"class":82},"PyThOn",[60,137108,2389],{"class":78},[60,137110,137111,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121,137123],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137112,143],{"class":142},[60,137114,130],{"class":74},[60,137116,8666],{"class":126},[60,137118,123],{"class":74},[60,137120,9637],{"class":126},[60,137122,137088],{"class":74},[60,137124,137125],{"class":4674},"  # python\n",[46,137127,12470],{"id":12469},[20,137129,137130],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[51,137132,137134],{"className":53,"code":137133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,137135,137136,137148,137152,137167,137171,137182],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137137,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137139,35681],{"class":66},[60,137141,71],{"class":70},[60,137143,91],{"class":78},[60,137145,136957],{"class":82},[60,137147,2389],{"class":78},[60,137149,137150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137151,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137153,137154,137157,137159,137161,137163,137165],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137155,137156],{"class":66},"lower_text ",[60,137158,71],{"class":70},[60,137160,43826],{"class":66},[60,137162,123],{"class":74},[60,137164,9637],{"class":126},[60,137166,9640],{"class":74},[60,137168,137169],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137170,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137172,137173,137175,137177,137180],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,137174,143],{"class":142},[60,137176,130],{"class":74},[60,137178,137179],{"class":126},"lower_text",[60,137181,136],{"class":74},[60,137183,137184,137186,137188,137190],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,137185,143],{"class":142},[60,137187,130],{"class":74},[60,137189,35702],{"class":126},[60,137191,136],{"class":74},[20,137193,153],{},[51,137195,137197],{"className":53,"code":137196,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,137198,137199,137203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137200,137201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137202,1047],{"class":66},[60,137204,137205,137207],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137206,132728],{"class":66},[60,137208,137209],{"class":1313},"WORLD\n",[20,137211,25600],{},[33,137213,137214,137219],{},[36,137215,137216,137218],{},[15,137217,125048],{}," returns the lowercase result",[36,137220,137221,137222,137224],{},"the original ",[15,137223,35702],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,137226,137227],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[51,137229,137231],{"className":53,"code":137230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,137232,137233,137245,137259,137263],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137234,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137236,35681],{"class":66},[60,137238,71],{"class":70},[60,137240,91],{"class":78},[60,137242,136957],{"class":82},[60,137244,2389],{"class":78},[60,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255,137257],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137248,35681],{"class":66},[60,137250,71],{"class":70},[60,137252,43826],{"class":66},[60,137254,123],{"class":74},[60,137256,9637],{"class":126},[60,137258,9640],{"class":74},[60,137260,137261],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137262,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137266,143],{"class":142},[60,137268,130],{"class":74},[60,137270,35702],{"class":126},[60,137272,2662],{"class":74},[60,137274,136986],{"class":4674},[46,137276,18413],{"id":18412},[20,137278,137279,22970,137281,123],{},[15,137280,125048],{},[4753,137282,1179],{},[20,137284,137285],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,137287,137288],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[51,137290,137292],{"className":53,"code":137291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,137293,137294,137308,137312,137335],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137295,137296,137299,137301,137303,137306],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137297,137298],{"class":66},"answer ",[60,137300,71],{"class":70},[60,137302,91],{"class":78},[60,137304,137305],{"class":82},"YES",[60,137307,2389],{"class":78},[60,137309,137310],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137311,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137313,137314,137316,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137315,7996],{"class":2665},[60,137317,137318],{"class":66}," answer",[60,137320,123],{"class":74},[60,137322,9637],{"class":126},[60,137324,8363],{"class":74},[60,137326,7407],{"class":70},[60,137328,91],{"class":78},[60,137330,9655],{"class":82},[60,137332,79],{"class":78},[60,137334,7392],{"class":74},[60,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137345,137347],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137338,9064],{"class":142},[60,137340,130],{"class":74},[60,137342,79],{"class":78},[60,137344,97807],{"class":82},[60,137346,79],{"class":78},[60,137348,136],{"class":74},[20,137350,137351,137352,3901],{},"This is especially useful with ",[551,137353,137354,137355,3318],{"href":9214},"the ",[15,137356,3974],{},[51,137358,137360],{"className":53,"code":137359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,137361,137362,137381,137385,137407,137422,137428],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372,137374,137377,137379],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137365,137298],{"class":66},[60,137367,71],{"class":70},[60,137369,9237],{"class":142},[60,137371,130],{"class":74},[60,137373,79],{"class":78},[60,137375,137376],{"class":82},"Type yes or no: ",[60,137378,79],{"class":78},[60,137380,136],{"class":74},[60,137382,137383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137384,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137386,137387,137389,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137388,7996],{"class":2665},[60,137390,137318],{"class":66},[60,137392,123],{"class":74},[60,137394,9637],{"class":126},[60,137396,8363],{"class":74},[60,137398,7407],{"class":70},[60,137400,91],{"class":78},[60,137402,9655],{"class":82},[60,137404,79],{"class":78},[60,137406,7392],{"class":74},[60,137408,137409,137411,137413,137415,137418,137420],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137410,9064],{"class":142},[60,137412,130],{"class":74},[60,137414,79],{"class":78},[60,137416,137417],{"class":82},"You typed yes",[60,137419,79],{"class":78},[60,137421,136],{"class":74},[60,137423,137424,137426],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,137425,28427],{"class":2665},[60,137427,7392],{"class":74},[60,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137439,137441],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,137431,9064],{"class":142},[60,137433,130],{"class":74},[60,137435,79],{"class":78},[60,137437,137438],{"class":82},"You typed something else",[60,137440,79],{"class":78},[60,137442,136],{"class":74},[46,137444,137446],{"id":137445},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,137448,137449,137451],{},[15,137450,125048],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,137453,8340],{},[33,137455,137456,137459,137462,137465],{},[36,137457,137458],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[36,137460,137461],{},"Make text matching easier",[36,137463,137464],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[36,137466,137467],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,137469,137470],{},"Example: checking user input",[51,137472,137474],{"className":53,"code":137473,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,137475,137476,137494,137498,137520,137535,137541],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488,137490,137492],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137479,45940],{"class":66},[60,137481,71],{"class":70},[60,137483,9237],{"class":142},[60,137485,130],{"class":74},[60,137487,79],{"class":78},[60,137489,45951],{"class":82},[60,137491,79],{"class":78},[60,137493,136],{"class":74},[60,137495,137496],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137497,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137499,137500,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516,137518],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137501,7996],{"class":2665},[60,137503,36845],{"class":66},[60,137505,123],{"class":74},[60,137507,9637],{"class":126},[60,137509,8363],{"class":74},[60,137511,7407],{"class":70},[60,137513,91],{"class":78},[60,137515,272],{"class":82},[60,137517,79],{"class":78},[60,137519,7392],{"class":74},[60,137521,137522,137524,137526,137528,137531,137533],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137523,9064],{"class":142},[60,137525,130],{"class":74},[60,137527,79],{"class":78},[60,137529,137530],{"class":82},"Nice choice!",[60,137532,79],{"class":78},[60,137534,136],{"class":74},[60,137536,137537,137539],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,137538,28427],{"class":2665},[60,137540,7392],{"class":74},[60,137542,137543,137545,137547,137549,137552,137554],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,137544,9064],{"class":142},[60,137546,130],{"class":74},[60,137548,79],{"class":78},[60,137550,137551],{"class":82},"Got it.",[60,137553,79],{"class":78},[60,137555,136],{"class":74},[20,137557,137558],{},"Example: simple search",[51,137560,137562],{"className":53,"code":137561,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,137563,137564,137577,137581,137602],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137565,137566,137568,137570,137572,137575],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137567,90979],{"class":66},[60,137569,71],{"class":70},[60,137571,91],{"class":78},[60,137573,137574],{"class":82},"Python Is Fun",[60,137576,2389],{"class":78},[60,137578,137579],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137580,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137582,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137596,137598,137600],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137584,7996],{"class":2665},[60,137586,91],{"class":78},[60,137588,55],{"class":82},[60,137590,79],{"class":78},[60,137592,22168],{"class":70},[60,137594,137595],{"class":66}," message",[60,137597,123],{"class":74},[60,137599,9637],{"class":126},[60,137601,22590],{"class":74},[60,137603,137604,137606,137608,137610,137613,137615],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137605,9064],{"class":142},[60,137607,130],{"class":74},[60,137609,79],{"class":78},[60,137611,137612],{"class":82},"Found it",[60,137614,79],{"class":78},[60,137616,136],{"class":74},[20,137618,137619,137620,137622,137623,3901],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,137621,125048],{}," is often used with ",[551,137624,137626],{"href":137625},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,137627,42640],{},[51,137629,137631],{"className":53,"code":137630,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,137632,137633,137646,137665,137669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137634,137635,137637,137639,137641,137644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137636,8872],{"class":66},[60,137638,71],{"class":70},[60,137640,91],{"class":78},[60,137642,137643],{"class":82},"  ALICE  ",[60,137645,2389],{"class":78},[60,137647,137648,137651,137653,137655,137657,137659,137661,137663],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137649,137650],{"class":66},"clean_name ",[60,137652,71],{"class":70},[60,137654,36982],{"class":66},[60,137656,123],{"class":74},[60,137658,9631],{"class":126},[60,137660,9634],{"class":74},[60,137662,9637],{"class":126},[60,137664,9640],{"class":74},[60,137666,137667],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137668,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137670,137671,137673,137675,137678,137680],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137672,143],{"class":142},[60,137674,130],{"class":74},[60,137676,137677],{"class":126},"clean_name",[60,137679,2662],{"class":74},[60,137681,137682],{"class":4674},"  # alice\n",[46,137684,16590],{"id":16589},[20,137686,137687,137688,137691],{},"Strings are ",[4753,137689,137690],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137693,137694,137695,137697],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137696,125048],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137699,137700,137701,137703],{},"So this does ",[4753,137702,5632],{}," update the original variable:",[51,137705,137707],{"className":53,"code":137706,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137708,137709,137721,137731,137735],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137710,137711,137713,137715,137717,137719],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137712,35681],{"class":66},[60,137714,71],{"class":70},[60,137716,91],{"class":78},[60,137718,137079],{"class":82},[60,137720,2389],{"class":78},[60,137722,137723,137725,137727,137729],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137724,35702],{"class":66},[60,137726,123],{"class":74},[60,137728,9637],{"class":126},[60,137730,9640],{"class":74},[60,137732,137733],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137734,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137736,137737,137739,137741,137743,137745],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137738,143],{"class":142},[60,137740,130],{"class":74},[60,137742,35702],{"class":126},[60,137744,2662],{"class":74},[60,137746,137747],{"class":4674},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137749,137750],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[51,137752,137754],{"className":53,"code":137753,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137755,137756,137768,137782,137786],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137757,137758,137760,137762,137764,137766],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137759,35681],{"class":66},[60,137761,71],{"class":70},[60,137763,91],{"class":78},[60,137765,137079],{"class":82},[60,137767,2389],{"class":78},[60,137769,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137771,35681],{"class":66},[60,137773,71],{"class":70},[60,137775,43826],{"class":66},[60,137777,123],{"class":74},[60,137779,9637],{"class":126},[60,137781,9640],{"class":74},[60,137783,137784],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137785,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,137787,137788,137790,137792,137794,137796],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,137789,143],{"class":142},[60,137791,130],{"class":74},[60,137793,35702],{"class":126},[60,137795,2662],{"class":74},[60,137797,137091],{"class":4674},[46,137799,3845],{"id":3844},[415,137801,26680],{"id":26679},[20,137803,137804,137805,2600,137807,123],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137806,9637],{},[15,137808,125048],{},[20,137810,17637],{},[51,137812,137814],{"className":53,"code":137813,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137815,137816,137828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137817,137818,137820,137822,137824,137826],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137819,35681],{"class":66},[60,137821,71],{"class":70},[60,137823,91],{"class":78},[60,137825,137079],{"class":82},[60,137827,2389],{"class":78},[60,137829,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137831,143],{"class":142},[60,137833,130],{"class":74},[60,137835,35702],{"class":126},[60,137837,123],{"class":74},[60,137839,9637],{"class":25743},[60,137841,136],{"class":74},[20,137843,137844],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137846,17649],{},[51,137848,137850],{"className":53,"code":137849,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137851,137852,137864],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137853,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137855,35681],{"class":66},[60,137857,71],{"class":70},[60,137859,91],{"class":78},[60,137861,137079],{"class":82},[60,137863,2389],{"class":78},[60,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137867,143],{"class":142},[60,137869,130],{"class":74},[60,137871,35702],{"class":126},[60,137873,123],{"class":74},[60,137875,9637],{"class":126},[60,137877,8193],{"class":74},[415,137879,137881],{"id":137880},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137883,137884],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137886,17637],{},[51,137888,137890],{"className":53,"code":137889,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137891,137892,137904,137914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137893,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137895,35681],{"class":66},[60,137897,71],{"class":70},[60,137899,91],{"class":78},[60,137901,137079],{"class":82},[60,137903,2389],{"class":78},[60,137905,137906,137908,137910,137912],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137907,35702],{"class":66},[60,137909,123],{"class":74},[60,137911,9637],{"class":126},[60,137913,9640],{"class":74},[60,137915,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137917,143],{"class":142},[60,137919,130],{"class":74},[60,137921,35702],{"class":126},[60,137923,2662],{"class":74},[60,137925,137926],{"class":4674},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137928,17649],{},[51,137930,137932],{"className":53,"code":137931,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137933,137934,137946,137960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137935,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137937,35681],{"class":66},[60,137939,71],{"class":70},[60,137941,91],{"class":78},[60,137943,137079],{"class":82},[60,137945,2389],{"class":78},[60,137947,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,137949,35681],{"class":66},[60,137951,71],{"class":70},[60,137953,43826],{"class":66},[60,137955,123],{"class":74},[60,137957,9637],{"class":126},[60,137959,9640],{"class":74},[60,137961,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,137963,143],{"class":142},[60,137965,130],{"class":74},[60,137967,35702],{"class":126},[60,137969,2662],{"class":74},[60,137971,137091],{"class":4674},[415,137973,9413,137975,137977],{"id":137974},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137976,125048],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137979,137980,137982],{},[15,137981,125048],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137984,17637],{},[51,137986,137988],{"className":53,"code":137987,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137989,137990,137998],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,137991,137992,137994,137996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,137993,3233],{"class":66},[60,137995,71],{"class":70},[60,137997,126000],{"class":1402},[60,137999,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138001,143],{"class":142},[60,138003,130],{"class":74},[60,138005,3255],{"class":126},[60,138007,123],{"class":74},[60,138009,9637],{"class":126},[60,138011,8193],{"class":74},[20,138013,138014,138015,34594],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,138016,125048],{},[20,138018,138019],{},"You can check the type first:",[51,138021,138023],{"className":53,"code":138022,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,138024,138025,138037,138041,138055],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138026,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138028,35681],{"class":66},[60,138030,71],{"class":70},[60,138032,91],{"class":78},[60,138034,137079],{"class":82},[60,138036,2389],{"class":78},[60,138038,138039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138040,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138044,143],{"class":142},[60,138046,130],{"class":74},[60,138048,2629],{"class":1527},[60,138050,130],{"class":74},[60,138052,35702],{"class":126},[60,138054,1042],{"class":74},[60,138056,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138058,143],{"class":142},[60,138060,130],{"class":74},[60,138062,35702],{"class":126},[60,138064,123],{"class":74},[60,138066,9637],{"class":126},[60,138068,8193],{"class":74},[415,138070,138072],{"id":138071},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,138074,138075],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[51,138077,138079],{"className":53,"code":138078,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,138080,138081,138094,138098,138115,138130,138136],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089,138092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138084,137298],{"class":66},[60,138086,71],{"class":70},[60,138088,91],{"class":78},[60,138090,138091],{"class":82},"Yes",[60,138093,2389],{"class":78},[60,138095,138096],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138097,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138099,138100,138102,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138101,7996],{"class":2665},[60,138103,138104],{"class":66}," answer ",[60,138106,5690],{"class":70},[60,138108,91],{"class":78},[60,138110,9655],{"class":82},[60,138112,79],{"class":78},[60,138114,7392],{"class":74},[60,138116,138117,138119,138121,138123,138126,138128],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138118,9064],{"class":142},[60,138120,130],{"class":74},[60,138122,79],{"class":78},[60,138124,138125],{"class":82},"Match",[60,138127,79],{"class":78},[60,138129,136],{"class":74},[60,138131,138132,138134],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,138133,28427],{"class":2665},[60,138135,7392],{"class":74},[60,138137,138138,138140,138142,138144,138147,138149],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,138139,9064],{"class":142},[60,138141,130],{"class":74},[60,138143,79],{"class":78},[60,138145,138146],{"class":82},"No match",[60,138148,79],{"class":78},[60,138150,136],{"class":74},[20,138152,30054,138153,2360,138156,138159,138160,123],{},[15,138154,138155],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,138157,138158],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,138161,138146],{},[20,138163,138164],{},"Better:",[51,138166,138168],{"className":53,"code":138167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,138169,138170,138182,138186,138208],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138171,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138173,137298],{"class":66},[60,138175,71],{"class":70},[60,138177,91],{"class":78},[60,138179,138091],{"class":82},[60,138181,2389],{"class":78},[60,138183,138184],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138185,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138187,138188,138190,138192,138194,138196,138198,138200,138202,138204,138206],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138189,7996],{"class":2665},[60,138191,137318],{"class":66},[60,138193,123],{"class":74},[60,138195,9637],{"class":126},[60,138197,8363],{"class":74},[60,138199,7407],{"class":70},[60,138201,91],{"class":78},[60,138203,9655],{"class":82},[60,138205,79],{"class":78},[60,138207,7392],{"class":74},[60,138209,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138211,9064],{"class":142},[60,138213,130],{"class":74},[60,138215,79],{"class":78},[60,138217,138125],{"class":82},[60,138219,79],{"class":78},[60,138221,136],{"class":74},[415,138223,45194,138225,138228],{"id":138224},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,138226,138227],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,138230,138231,138232,138234],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,138233,125048],{}," is enough.",[20,138236,138237,138238,138240,138241,123],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,138239,138227],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,138242,125048],{},[20,138244,138245,138246,123562],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,138247,125048],{},[46,138249,138251,11583,138253],{"id":138250},"lower-vs-upper",[15,138252,125048],{},[15,138254,129193],{},[20,138256,138257,2360,138259,138261],{},[15,138258,125048],{},[15,138260,129193],{}," are very similar.",[33,138263,138264,138269,138274,138277],{},[36,138265,138266,138268],{},[15,138267,125048],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[36,138270,138271,138273],{},[15,138272,129193],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[36,138275,138276],{},"Both return new strings",[36,138278,138279],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,138281,236],{},[51,138283,138285],{"className":53,"code":138284,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,138286,138287,138299,138303,138319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138288,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138290,35681],{"class":66},[60,138292,71],{"class":70},[60,138294,91],{"class":78},[60,138296,130033],{"class":82},[60,138298,2389],{"class":78},[60,138300,138301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138302,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138304,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138306,143],{"class":142},[60,138308,130],{"class":74},[60,138310,35702],{"class":126},[60,138312,123],{"class":74},[60,138314,9637],{"class":126},[60,138316,137088],{"class":74},[60,138318,136986],{"class":4674},[60,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331,138333],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138322,143],{"class":142},[60,138324,130],{"class":74},[60,138326,35702],{"class":126},[60,138328,123],{"class":74},[60,138330,35471],{"class":126},[60,138332,137088],{"class":74},[60,138334,138335],{"class":4674},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,138337,138338,138339,123],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[551,138340,2883,138342,2887],{"href":138341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,138343,129193],{},[46,138345,2804],{"id":2803},[415,138347,2808,138349,125645],{"id":138348},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,138350,125048],{},[20,138352,138353],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[415,138355,2808,138357,138359],{"id":138356},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,138358,125048],{}," take any arguments?",[20,138361,138362,138363,123],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,138364,138365],{},"string.lower()",[415,138367,2846,138369,13710],{"id":138368},"what-does-lower-return",[15,138370,125048],{},[20,138372,138373],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[415,138375,2833,138377,138379],{"id":138376},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,138378,125048],{}," on user input?",[20,138381,138382,138383,138385],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,138384,3974],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[415,138387,6180,138389,2360,138391,2863],{"id":138388},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,138390,125048],{},[15,138392,138227],{},[20,138394,138395,138397,138398,138400],{},[15,138396,125048],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,138399,138227],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[46,138402,2870],{"id":2869},[33,138404,138405,138409,138415,138421,138427,138431,138435,138441],{},[36,138406,138407],{},[551,138408,51955],{"href":553},[36,138410,138411],{},[551,138412,2883,138413,2887],{"href":138341},[15,138414,129193],{},[36,138416,138417],{},[551,138418,2883,138419,2887],{"href":137625},[15,138420,42640],{},[36,138422,138423],{},[551,138424,2883,138425,2887],{"href":130895},[15,138426,125489],{},[36,138428,138429],{},[551,138430,125717],{"href":124573},[36,138432,138433],{},[551,138434,91654],{"href":90665},[36,138436,138437],{},[551,138438,163,138439,1579],{"href":9214},[15,138440,3974],{},[36,138442,138443],{},[551,138444,138445],{"href":137026},"What is a string in Python?",[2912,138447,138448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":138450},[138451,138453,138454,138455,138456,138457,138458,138467,138469,138481],{"id":136996,"depth":111,"text":138452},"What lower() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":137445,"depth":111,"text":137446},{"id":16589,"depth":111,"text":16590},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":138459},[138460,138461,138462,138464,138465],{"id":26679,"depth":139,"text":26680},{"id":137880,"depth":139,"text":137881},{"id":137974,"depth":139,"text":138463},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":138071,"depth":139,"text":138072},{"id":138224,"depth":139,"text":138466},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":138250,"depth":111,"text":138468},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":138470},[138471,138473,138475,138477,138479],{"id":138348,"depth":139,"text":138472},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":138356,"depth":139,"text":138474},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":138368,"depth":139,"text":138476},"What does lower() return?",{"id":138376,"depth":139,"text":138478},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":138388,"depth":139,"text":138480},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136913,"description":138482},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":138489,"title":138490,"body":138491,"description":140041,"extension":2980,"meta":140042,"navigation":304,"path":140043,"seo":140044,"stem":140045,"__hash__":140046},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":138492,"toc":140002},[138493,138498,138503,138509,138524,138526,138586,138588,138597,138603,138608,138613,138615,138629,138633,138635,138682,138684,138702,138704,138707,138778,138780,138794,138797,138809,138818,138822,138827,138832,138836,138902,138904,138913,138917,138982,138984,138993,138996,139001,139005,139010,139014,139075,139077,139086,139090,139093,139149,139151,139160,139163,139176,139178,139182,139189,139251,139253,139266,139272,139275,139282,139287,139292,139295,139303,139305,139366,139368,139377,139380,139427,139430,139477,139479,139484,139501,139508,139513,139566,139568,139576,139578,139635,139637,139645,139649,139696,139698,139706,139714,139718,139766,139768,139777,139782,139833,139835,139844,139851,139854,139875,139877,139882,139885,139889,139892,139896,139899,139926,139932,139935,139962,139967,139969,139971,139999],[10,138494,13,138496,18],{"id":138495},"python-string-replace-method",[15,138497,125489],{},[20,138499,22,138500,138502],{},[15,138501,125489],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,138504,138505,138506,138508],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,138507,125489],{},". You will learn:",[33,138510,138511,138515,138518,138521],{},[36,138512,27012,138513,181],{},[15,138514,125489],{},[36,138516,138517],{},"how its syntax works",[36,138519,138520],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[36,138522,138523],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[46,138525,3022],{"id":3021},[51,138527,138529],{"className":53,"code":138528,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138530,138531,138544,138576],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138532,138533,138535,138537,138539,138542],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138534,35681],{"class":66},[60,138536,71],{"class":70},[60,138538,91],{"class":78},[60,138540,138541],{"class":82},"I like cats",[60,138543,2389],{"class":78},[60,138545,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138563,138565,138567,138569,138572,138574],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138547,131153],{"class":66},[60,138549,71],{"class":70},[60,138551,43826],{"class":66},[60,138553,123],{"class":74},[60,138555,35992],{"class":126},[60,138557,130],{"class":74},[60,138559,79],{"class":78},[60,138561,138562],{"class":82},"cats",[60,138564,79],{"class":78},[60,138566,88],{"class":74},[60,138568,91],{"class":78},[60,138570,138571],{"class":82},"dogs",[60,138573,79],{"class":78},[60,138575,136],{"class":74},[60,138577,138578,138580,138582,138584],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138579,143],{"class":142},[60,138581,130],{"class":74},[60,138583,131184],{"class":126},[60,138585,136],{"class":74},[20,138587,153],{},[51,138589,138591],{"className":53,"code":138590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like dogs\n",[15,138592,138593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138594,138595],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138596,138590],{"class":66},[20,138598,171,138599,138602],{},[15,138600,138601],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[46,138604,178,138606,181],{"id":138605},"what-replace-does",[15,138607,125489],{},[20,138609,138610,138612],{},[15,138611,125489],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,138614,14046],{},[33,138616,138617,138619,138621,138624],{},[36,138618,230],{},[36,138620,137021],{},[36,138622,138623],{},"It works on exact matches",[36,138625,138626,138627],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,138628,42246],{},[20,138630,126070,138631,123],{},[551,138632,554],{"href":553},[46,138634,6432],{"id":6431},[51,138636,138638],{"className":53,"code":138637,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,138639,138640,138660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138653,138655,138658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138643,1179],{"class":66},[60,138645,123],{"class":74},[60,138647,35992],{"class":126},[60,138649,130],{"class":74},[60,138651,138652],{"class":126},"old",[60,138654,88],{"class":74},[60,138656,138657],{"class":126}," new",[60,138659,136],{"class":74},[60,138661,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138663,1179],{"class":66},[60,138665,123],{"class":74},[60,138667,35992],{"class":126},[60,138669,130],{"class":74},[60,138671,138652],{"class":126},[60,138673,88],{"class":74},[60,138675,138657],{"class":126},[60,138677,88],{"class":74},[60,138679,50581],{"class":126},[60,138681,136],{"class":74},[415,138683,18389],{"id":18388},[33,138685,138686,138691,138697],{},[36,138687,138688,138690],{},[15,138689,138652],{}," = the text to find",[36,138692,138693,138696],{},[15,138694,138695],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[36,138698,138699,138701],{},[15,138700,42246],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[46,138703,6789],{"id":6788},[20,138705,138706],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[51,138708,138710],{"className":53,"code":138709,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138711,138712,138724,138754,138758,138768],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138713,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138715,35681],{"class":66},[60,138717,71],{"class":70},[60,138719,91],{"class":78},[60,138721,138541],{"class":82},[60,138723,2389],{"class":78},[60,138725,138726,138728,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138727,131153],{"class":66},[60,138729,71],{"class":70},[60,138731,43826],{"class":66},[60,138733,123],{"class":74},[60,138735,35992],{"class":126},[60,138737,130],{"class":74},[60,138739,79],{"class":78},[60,138741,138562],{"class":82},[60,138743,79],{"class":78},[60,138745,88],{"class":74},[60,138747,91],{"class":78},[60,138749,138571],{"class":82},[60,138751,79],{"class":78},[60,138753,136],{"class":74},[60,138755,138756],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138757,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138759,138760,138762,138764,138766],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138761,143],{"class":142},[60,138763,130],{"class":74},[60,138765,35702],{"class":126},[60,138767,136],{"class":74},[60,138769,138770,138772,138774,138776],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,138771,143],{"class":142},[60,138773,130],{"class":74},[60,138775,131184],{"class":126},[60,138777,136],{"class":74},[20,138779,153],{},[51,138781,138783],{"className":53,"code":138782,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138784,138785,138790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138786,138787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138788,138789],{"class":66},"I like cats\n",[60,138791,138792],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138793,138590],{"class":66},[20,138795,138796],{},"Notice what happened:",[33,138798,138799,138804],{},[36,138800,138801,138803],{},[15,138802,35702],{}," did not change",[36,138805,138806,138808],{},[15,138807,131184],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138810,138811,138812,138814,138815,138817],{},"This happens because strings are ",[4753,138813,137690],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138816,125489],{}," return a new string instead.",[46,138819,138821],{"id":138820},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138823,90674,138824,138826],{},[15,138825,125489],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138828,138829,138830,37610],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138831,42246],{},[415,138833,138835],{"id":138834},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[51,138837,138839],{"className":53,"code":138838,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138840,138841,138854,138888,138892],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138842,138843,138845,138847,138849,138852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138844,35681],{"class":66},[60,138846,71],{"class":70},[60,138848,91],{"class":78},[60,138850,138851],{"class":82},"cat cat cat",[60,138853,2389],{"class":78},[60,138855,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872,138874,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884,138886],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138857,114],{"class":66},[60,138859,71],{"class":70},[60,138861,43826],{"class":66},[60,138863,123],{"class":74},[60,138865,35992],{"class":126},[60,138867,130],{"class":74},[60,138869,79],{"class":78},[60,138871,38035],{"class":82},[60,138873,79],{"class":78},[60,138875,88],{"class":74},[60,138877,91],{"class":78},[60,138879,59107],{"class":82},[60,138881,79],{"class":78},[60,138883,88],{"class":74},[60,138885,6499],{"class":1402},[60,138887,136],{"class":74},[60,138889,138890],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138891,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138893,138894,138896,138898,138900],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138895,143],{"class":142},[60,138897,130],{"class":74},[60,138899,148],{"class":126},[60,138901,136],{"class":74},[20,138903,153],{},[51,138905,138907],{"className":53,"code":138906,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138908,138909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138910,138911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138912,138906],{"class":66},[415,138914,138916],{"id":138915},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[51,138918,138920],{"className":53,"code":138919,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138921,138922,138934,138968,138972],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138923,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138925,35681],{"class":66},[60,138927,71],{"class":70},[60,138929,91],{"class":78},[60,138931,138851],{"class":82},[60,138933,2389],{"class":78},[60,138935,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,138937,114],{"class":66},[60,138939,71],{"class":70},[60,138941,43826],{"class":66},[60,138943,123],{"class":74},[60,138945,35992],{"class":126},[60,138947,130],{"class":74},[60,138949,79],{"class":78},[60,138951,38035],{"class":82},[60,138953,79],{"class":78},[60,138955,88],{"class":74},[60,138957,91],{"class":78},[60,138959,59107],{"class":82},[60,138961,79],{"class":78},[60,138963,88],{"class":74},[60,138965,1437],{"class":1402},[60,138967,136],{"class":74},[60,138969,138970],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,138971,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,138973,138974,138976,138978,138980],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,138975,143],{"class":142},[60,138977,130],{"class":74},[60,138979,148],{"class":126},[60,138981,136],{"class":74},[20,138983,153],{},[51,138985,138987],{"className":53,"code":138986,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138988,138989],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,138990,138991],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,138992,138986],{"class":66},[20,138994,138995],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138997,138998,138999,123],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[551,139000,129039],{"href":125486},[46,139002,139004],{"id":139003},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,139006,139007,139009],{},[15,139008,125489],{}," can also change single characters.",[415,139011,139013],{"id":139012},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[51,139015,139017],{"className":53,"code":139016,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139018,139019,139031,139061,139065],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139022,35681],{"class":66},[60,139024,71],{"class":70},[60,139026,91],{"class":78},[60,139028,1619],{"class":82},[60,139030,2389],{"class":78},[60,139032,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139034,114],{"class":66},[60,139036,71],{"class":70},[60,139038,43826],{"class":66},[60,139040,123],{"class":74},[60,139042,35992],{"class":126},[60,139044,130],{"class":74},[60,139046,79],{"class":78},[60,139048,551],{"class":82},[60,139050,79],{"class":78},[60,139052,88],{"class":74},[60,139054,91],{"class":78},[60,139056,812],{"class":82},[60,139058,79],{"class":78},[60,139060,136],{"class":74},[60,139062,139063],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139064,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,139066,139067,139069,139071,139073],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,139068,143],{"class":142},[60,139070,130],{"class":74},[60,139072,148],{"class":126},[60,139074,136],{"class":74},[20,139076,153],{},[51,139078,139080],{"className":53,"code":139079,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"bonono\n",[15,139081,139082],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139083,139084],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139085,139079],{"class":66},[415,139087,139089],{"id":139088},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,139091,139092],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[51,139094,139096],{"className":53,"code":139095,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139097,139098,139111,139135,139139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139099,139100,139102,139104,139106,139109],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139101,35681],{"class":66},[60,139103,71],{"class":70},[60,139105,91],{"class":78},[60,139107,139108],{"class":82},"a b c",[60,139110,2389],{"class":78},[60,139112,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139114,114],{"class":66},[60,139116,71],{"class":70},[60,139118,43826],{"class":66},[60,139120,123],{"class":74},[60,139122,35992],{"class":126},[60,139124,130],{"class":74},[60,139126,79],{"class":78},[60,139128,91],{"class":78},[60,139130,88],{"class":74},[60,139132,834],{"class":78},[60,139134,136],{"class":74},[60,139136,139137],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139138,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,139140,139141,139143,139145,139147],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,139142,143],{"class":142},[60,139144,130],{"class":74},[60,139146,148],{"class":126},[60,139148,136],{"class":74},[20,139150,153],{},[51,139152,139154],{"className":53,"code":139153,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"abc\n",[15,139155,139156],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139157,139158],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139159,139153],{"class":66},[20,139161,139162],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,139164,139165,139166,139170,139171,139175],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[551,139167,2883,139168,2887],{"href":2882},[15,139169,2886],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[551,139172,2883,139173,2887],{"href":137625},[15,139174,42640],{}," is often a better choice.",[46,139177,124965],{"id":124964},[20,139179,139180,124776],{},[15,139181,125489],{},[20,139183,128360,139184,2360,139186,128367],{},[15,139185,114007],{},[15,139187,139188],{},"\"Cat\"",[51,139190,139192],{"className":53,"code":139191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139193,139194,139207,139237,139241],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139195,139196,139198,139200,139202,139205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139197,35681],{"class":66},[60,139199,71],{"class":70},[60,139201,91],{"class":78},[60,139203,139204],{"class":82},"Cat cat CAT",[60,139206,2389],{"class":78},[60,139208,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139235],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139210,114],{"class":66},[60,139212,71],{"class":70},[60,139214,43826],{"class":66},[60,139216,123],{"class":74},[60,139218,35992],{"class":126},[60,139220,130],{"class":74},[60,139222,79],{"class":78},[60,139224,38035],{"class":82},[60,139226,79],{"class":78},[60,139228,88],{"class":74},[60,139230,91],{"class":78},[60,139232,59107],{"class":82},[60,139234,79],{"class":78},[60,139236,136],{"class":74},[60,139238,139239],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139240,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,139242,139243,139245,139247,139249],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,139244,143],{"class":142},[60,139246,130],{"class":74},[60,139248,148],{"class":126},[60,139250,136],{"class":74},[20,139252,153],{},[51,139254,139256],{"className":53,"code":139255,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,139257,139258],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139259,139260,139263],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139261,139262],{"class":66},"Cat dog ",[60,139264,139265],{"class":1313},"CAT\n",[20,139267,139268,139269,139271],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,139270,114007],{}," was replaced.",[20,139273,139274],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,139276,139277,139278,123],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[551,139279,2883,139280,2887],{"href":125045},[15,139281,125048],{},[46,139283,178,139285,12701],{"id":139284},"what-replace-returns",[15,139286,125489],{},[20,139288,139289,139291],{},[15,139290,125489],{}," returns a new string.",[20,139293,139294],{},"If no match is found:",[33,139296,139297,139300],{},[36,139298,139299],{},"no error happens",[36,139301,139302],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,139304,236],{},[51,139306,139308],{"className":53,"code":139307,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,139309,139310,139322,139352,139356],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139311,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139313,35681],{"class":66},[60,139315,71],{"class":70},[60,139317,91],{"class":78},[60,139319,1008],{"class":82},[60,139321,2389],{"class":78},[60,139323,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342,139344,139346,139348,139350],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139325,114],{"class":66},[60,139327,71],{"class":70},[60,139329,43826],{"class":66},[60,139331,123],{"class":74},[60,139333,35992],{"class":126},[60,139335,130],{"class":74},[60,139337,79],{"class":78},[60,139339,3191],{"class":82},[60,139341,79],{"class":78},[60,139343,88],{"class":74},[60,139345,91],{"class":78},[60,139347,785],{"class":82},[60,139349,79],{"class":78},[60,139351,136],{"class":74},[60,139353,139354],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139355,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,139357,139358,139360,139362,139364],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,139359,143],{"class":142},[60,139361,130],{"class":74},[60,139363,148],{"class":126},[60,139365,136],{"class":74},[20,139367,153],{},[51,139369,139371],{"className":53,"code":139370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello\n",[15,139372,139373],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139374,139375],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139376,139370],{"class":66},[20,139378,139379],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[51,139381,139383],{"className":53,"code":139382,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139384,139385,139397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139388,35681],{"class":66},[60,139390,71],{"class":70},[60,139392,91],{"class":78},[60,139394,61387],{"class":82},[60,139396,2389],{"class":78},[60,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423,139425],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139400,131153],{"class":66},[60,139402,71],{"class":70},[60,139404,43826],{"class":66},[60,139406,123],{"class":74},[60,139408,35992],{"class":126},[60,139410,130],{"class":74},[60,139412,79],{"class":78},[60,139414,1017],{"class":82},[60,139416,79],{"class":78},[60,139418,88],{"class":74},[60,139420,91],{"class":78},[60,139422,83],{"class":82},[60,139424,79],{"class":78},[60,139426,136],{"class":74},[20,139428,139429],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[51,139431,139433],{"className":53,"code":139432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,139434,139435,139447],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139436,139437,139439,139441,139443,139445],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139438,35681],{"class":66},[60,139440,71],{"class":70},[60,139442,91],{"class":78},[60,139444,61387],{"class":82},[60,139446,2389],{"class":78},[60,139448,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139450,35681],{"class":66},[60,139452,71],{"class":70},[60,139454,43826],{"class":66},[60,139456,123],{"class":74},[60,139458,35992],{"class":126},[60,139460,130],{"class":74},[60,139462,79],{"class":78},[60,139464,1017],{"class":82},[60,139466,79],{"class":78},[60,139468,88],{"class":74},[60,139470,91],{"class":78},[60,139472,83],{"class":82},[60,139474,79],{"class":78},[60,139476,136],{"class":74},[46,139478,5520],{"id":5519},[20,139480,139481,139482,3901],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,139483,125489],{},[33,139485,139486,139489,139493,139496],{},[36,139487,139488],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[36,139490,9449,139491,132533],{},[15,139492,125489],{},[36,139494,139495],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[36,139497,38192,139498,139500],{},[15,139499,125489],{}," with regex-based replacements",[415,139502,139504,139505,139507],{"id":139503},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,139506,125489],{}," without assigning the result",[20,139509,139510,139511,3901],{},"This does not update ",[15,139512,35702],{},[51,139514,139516],{"className":53,"code":139515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139517,139518,139530,139556],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139519,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139521,35681],{"class":66},[60,139523,71],{"class":70},[60,139525,91],{"class":78},[60,139527,138541],{"class":82},[60,139529,2389],{"class":78},[60,139531,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139533,35702],{"class":66},[60,139535,123],{"class":74},[60,139537,35992],{"class":126},[60,139539,130],{"class":74},[60,139541,79],{"class":78},[60,139543,138562],{"class":82},[60,139545,79],{"class":78},[60,139547,88],{"class":74},[60,139549,91],{"class":78},[60,139551,138571],{"class":82},[60,139553,79],{"class":78},[60,139555,136],{"class":74},[60,139557,139558,139560,139562,139564],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139559,143],{"class":142},[60,139561,130],{"class":74},[60,139563,35702],{"class":126},[60,139565,136],{"class":74},[20,139567,153],{},[51,139569,139570],{"className":53,"code":138789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,139571,139572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139573,139574],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139575,138789],{"class":66},[20,139577,2078],{},[51,139579,139581],{"className":53,"code":139580,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,139582,139583,139595,139625],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139584,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139586,35681],{"class":66},[60,139588,71],{"class":70},[60,139590,91],{"class":78},[60,139592,138541],{"class":82},[60,139594,2389],{"class":78},[60,139596,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139598,35681],{"class":66},[60,139600,71],{"class":70},[60,139602,43826],{"class":66},[60,139604,123],{"class":74},[60,139606,35992],{"class":126},[60,139608,130],{"class":74},[60,139610,79],{"class":78},[60,139612,138562],{"class":82},[60,139614,79],{"class":78},[60,139616,88],{"class":74},[60,139618,91],{"class":78},[60,139620,138571],{"class":82},[60,139622,79],{"class":78},[60,139624,136],{"class":74},[60,139626,139627,139629,139631,139633],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,139628,143],{"class":142},[60,139630,130],{"class":74},[60,139632,35702],{"class":126},[60,139634,136],{"class":74},[20,139636,153],{},[51,139638,139639],{"className":53,"code":138590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,139640,139641],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139642,139643],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139644,138590],{"class":66},[415,139646,139648],{"id":139647},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[51,139650,139652],{"className":53,"code":139651,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139653,139654,139666],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139655,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139657,35681],{"class":66},[60,139659,71],{"class":70},[60,139661,91],{"class":78},[60,139663,2386],{"class":82},[60,139665,2389],{"class":78},[60,139667,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139669,143],{"class":142},[60,139671,130],{"class":74},[60,139673,35702],{"class":126},[60,139675,123],{"class":74},[60,139677,35992],{"class":126},[60,139679,130],{"class":74},[60,139681,79],{"class":78},[60,139683,1008],{"class":82},[60,139685,79],{"class":78},[60,139687,88],{"class":74},[60,139689,91],{"class":78},[60,139691,90908],{"class":82},[60,139693,79],{"class":78},[60,139695,1042],{"class":74},[20,139697,153],{},[51,139699,139700],{"className":53,"code":89922,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,139701,139702],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139703,139704],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139705,89922],{"class":66},[20,139707,139708,139709,2360,139711,139713],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139710,65509],{},[15,139712,91389],{}," are not the same.",[415,139715,139717],{"id":139716},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[51,139719,139721],{"className":53,"code":139720,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139722,139723,139736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139724,139725,139727,139729,139731,139734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139726,35681],{"class":66},[60,139728,71],{"class":70},[60,139730,91],{"class":78},[60,139732,139733],{"class":82},"red red red",[60,139735,2389],{"class":78},[60,139737,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139739,143],{"class":142},[60,139741,130],{"class":74},[60,139743,35702],{"class":126},[60,139745,123],{"class":74},[60,139747,35992],{"class":126},[60,139749,130],{"class":74},[60,139751,79],{"class":78},[60,139753,254],{"class":82},[60,139755,79],{"class":78},[60,139757,88],{"class":74},[60,139759,91],{"class":78},[60,139761,272],{"class":82},[60,139763,79],{"class":78},[60,139765,1042],{"class":74},[20,139767,153],{},[51,139769,139771],{"className":53,"code":139770,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139772,139773],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139774,139775],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139776,139770],{"class":66},[20,139778,139779,139780,3901],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139781,42246],{},[51,139783,139785],{"className":53,"code":139784,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139786,139787,139799],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139788,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139790,35681],{"class":66},[60,139792,71],{"class":70},[60,139794,91],{"class":78},[60,139796,139733],{"class":82},[60,139798,2389],{"class":78},[60,139800,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,139802,143],{"class":142},[60,139804,130],{"class":74},[60,139806,35702],{"class":126},[60,139808,123],{"class":74},[60,139810,35992],{"class":126},[60,139812,130],{"class":74},[60,139814,79],{"class":78},[60,139816,254],{"class":82},[60,139818,79],{"class":78},[60,139820,88],{"class":74},[60,139822,91],{"class":78},[60,139824,272],{"class":82},[60,139826,79],{"class":78},[60,139828,88],{"class":74},[60,139830,6499],{"class":1402},[60,139832,1042],{"class":74},[20,139834,153],{},[51,139836,139838],{"className":53,"code":139837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"blue red red\n",[15,139839,139840],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139841,139842],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139843,139837],{"class":66},[415,139845,139847,139848,139850],{"id":139846},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139849,125489],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139852,139853],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[33,139855,139856,139863,139870],{},[36,139857,171,139858,139862],{},[551,139859,139860],{"href":2882},[15,139861,2886],{}," to break a string into a list",[36,139864,171,139865,139869],{},[551,139866,139867],{"href":137625},[15,139868,42640],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[36,139871,171,139872,139874],{},[15,139873,125489],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[46,139876,2804],{"id":2803},[415,139878,2808,139880,125645],{"id":139879},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139881,125489],{},[20,139883,139884],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[415,139886,139888],{"id":139887},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139890,139891],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[415,139893,139895],{"id":139894},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139897,139898],{},"Use the third argument:",[51,139900,139902],{"className":53,"code":139901,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139903,139904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139905,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139907,35702],{"class":66},[60,139909,123],{"class":74},[60,139911,35992],{"class":126},[60,139913,130],{"class":74},[60,139915,138652],{"class":126},[60,139917,88],{"class":74},[60,139919,138657],{"class":126},[60,139921,88],{"class":74},[60,139923,6499],{"class":1402},[60,139925,136],{"class":74},[415,139927,6170,139929,139931],{"id":139928},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139930,125489],{}," remove text?",[20,139933,139934],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[51,139936,139938],{"className":53,"code":139937,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139939,139940],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,139941,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,139943,35702],{"class":66},[60,139945,123],{"class":74},[60,139947,35992],{"class":126},[60,139949,130],{"class":74},[60,139951,79],{"class":78},[60,139953,3191],{"class":82},[60,139955,79],{"class":78},[60,139957,88],{"class":74},[60,139959,834],{"class":78},[60,139961,136],{"class":74},[415,139963,15896,139965,125654],{"id":139964},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139966,125489],{},[20,139968,130843],{},[46,139970,2870],{"id":2869},[33,139972,139973,139977,139983,139989,139995],{},[36,139974,139975],{},[551,139976,125724],{"href":125486},[36,139978,139979],{},[551,139980,2883,139981,2887],{"href":2882},[15,139982,2886],{},[36,139984,139985],{},[551,139986,2883,139987,2887],{"href":137625},[15,139988,42640],{},[36,139990,139991],{},[551,139992,2883,139993,2887],{"href":125045},[15,139994,125048],{},[36,139996,139997],{},[551,139998,554],{"href":553},[2912,140000,140001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":140003},[140004,140005,140007,140010,140011,140015,140019,140020,140022,140030,140040],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":138605,"depth":111,"text":140006},"What replace() does",{"id":6431,"depth":111,"text":6432,"children":140008},[140009],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":6788,"depth":111,"text":6789},{"id":138820,"depth":111,"text":138821,"children":140012},[140013,140014],{"id":138834,"depth":139,"text":138835},{"id":138915,"depth":139,"text":138916},{"id":139003,"depth":111,"text":139004,"children":140016},[140017,140018],{"id":139012,"depth":139,"text":139013},{"id":139088,"depth":139,"text":139089},{"id":124964,"depth":111,"text":124965},{"id":139284,"depth":111,"text":140021},"What replace() returns",{"id":5519,"depth":111,"text":5520,"children":140023},[140024,140026,140027,140028],{"id":139503,"depth":139,"text":140025},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139647,"depth":139,"text":139648},{"id":139716,"depth":139,"text":139717},{"id":139846,"depth":139,"text":140029},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":140031},[140032,140034,140035,140036,140038],{"id":139879,"depth":139,"text":140033},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139887,"depth":139,"text":139888},{"id":139894,"depth":139,"text":139895},{"id":139928,"depth":139,"text":140037},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139964,"depth":139,"text":140039},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":138490,"description":140041},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":140048,"title":140049,"body":140050,"description":142069,"extension":2980,"meta":142070,"navigation":304,"path":142071,"seo":142072,"stem":142073,"__hash__":142074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":140051,"toc":142033},[140052,140057,140062,140065,140076,140078,140133,140138,140143,140150,140152,140167,140169,140225,140227,140265,140270,140272,140296,140299,140312,140317,140319,140351,140353,140386,140392,140397,140400,140410,140413,140415,140471,140473,140523,140526,140534,140537,140593,140595,140668,140681,140689,140693,140704,140707,140710,140763,140765,140797,140800,140854,140856,140891,140894,140899,140904,140909,140912,140914,140972,140974,141008,141010,141025,141028,141030,141072,141074,141100,141105,141113,141116,141118,141200,141202,141253,141256,141267,141275,141277,141350,141352,141370,141374,141377,141381,141408,141410,141418,141422,141457,141459,141472,141476,141479,141518,141520,141537,141542,141547,141558,141561,141572,141574,141576,141602,141605,141654,141656,141673,141676,141678,141730,141732,141764,141767,141825,141830,141832,141837,141940,141942,141956,141958,141965,141970,141975,141980,141985,141990,141993,141997,142002,142004,142030],[10,140053,13,140055,18],{"id":140054},"python-string-split-method",[15,140056,2886],{},[20,140058,22,140059,140061],{},[15,140060,2886],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,140063,140064],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[33,140066,140067,140070,140073],{},[36,140068,140069],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[36,140071,140072],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[36,140074,140075],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[46,140077,3022],{"id":3021},[51,140079,140081],{"className":53,"code":140080,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,140082,140083,140096,140118,140128],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140084,140085,140087,140089,140091,140094],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140086,35681],{"class":66},[60,140088,71],{"class":70},[60,140090,91],{"class":78},[60,140092,140093],{"class":82},"apple,banana,cherry",[60,140095,2389],{"class":78},[60,140097,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140099,1162],{"class":66},[60,140101,71],{"class":70},[60,140103,43826],{"class":66},[60,140105,123],{"class":74},[60,140107,35462],{"class":126},[60,140109,130],{"class":74},[60,140111,79],{"class":78},[60,140113,88],{"class":82},[60,140115,79],{"class":78},[60,140117,136],{"class":74},[60,140119,140120,140122,140124,140126],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140121,143],{"class":142},[60,140123,130],{"class":74},[60,140125,1212],{"class":126},[60,140127,136],{"class":74},[60,140129,140130],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140131,140132],{"class":4674},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,140134,171,140135,140137],{},[15,140136,2886],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[46,140139,178,140141,181],{"id":140140},"what-split-does",[15,140142,2886],{},[20,140144,140145,133360,140147,123],{},[15,140146,2886],{},[4753,140148,140149],{},"string method",[20,140151,49908],{},[33,140153,140154,140157,140162],{},[36,140155,140156],{},"divides a string into parts",[36,140158,120624,140159],{},[4753,140160,140161],{},"new list of strings",[36,140163,120630,140164,140166],{},[4753,140165,5632],{}," change the original string",[20,140168,236],{},[51,140170,140172],{"className":53,"code":140171,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140173,140174,140187,140201,140205,140215],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140175,140176,140178,140180,140182,140185],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140177,35681],{"class":66},[60,140179,71],{"class":70},[60,140181,91],{"class":78},[60,140183,140184],{"class":82},"red blue green",[60,140186,2389],{"class":78},[60,140188,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140190,1162],{"class":66},[60,140192,71],{"class":70},[60,140194,43826],{"class":66},[60,140196,123],{"class":74},[60,140198,35462],{"class":126},[60,140200,9640],{"class":74},[60,140202,140203],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140204,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140206,140207,140209,140211,140213],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140208,143],{"class":142},[60,140210,130],{"class":74},[60,140212,35702],{"class":126},[60,140214,136],{"class":74},[60,140216,140217,140219,140221,140223],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,140218,143],{"class":142},[60,140220,130],{"class":74},[60,140222,1212],{"class":126},[60,140224,136],{"class":74},[20,140226,153],{},[51,140228,140230],{"className":53,"code":140229,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,140231,140232,140237],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140233,140234],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140235,140236],{"class":66},"red blue green\n",[60,140238,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140240,353],{"class":74},[60,140242,356],{"class":78},[60,140244,254],{"class":82},[60,140246,356],{"class":78},[60,140248,88],{"class":74},[60,140250,365],{"class":78},[60,140252,272],{"class":82},[60,140254,356],{"class":78},[60,140256,88],{"class":74},[60,140258,365],{"class":78},[60,140260,263],{"class":82},[60,140262,356],{"class":78},[60,140264,108],{"class":74},[20,140266,140267,140268,123],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[551,140269,554],{"href":553},[46,140271,389],{"id":388},[51,140273,140275],{"className":53,"code":140274,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,140276,140277],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140278,140279,140281,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140294],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140280,1179],{"class":66},[60,140282,123],{"class":74},[60,140284,35462],{"class":126},[60,140286,130],{"class":74},[60,140288,402],{"class":126},[60,140290,88],{"class":74},[60,140292,140293],{"class":126}," maxsplit",[60,140295,136],{"class":74},[20,140297,140298],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[33,140300,140301,140306],{},[36,140302,140303,140305],{},[15,140304,402],{}," tells Python where to split",[36,140307,140308,140311],{},[15,140309,140310],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,140313,2580,140314,140316],{},[15,140315,402],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140318,236],{},[51,140320,140322],{"className":53,"code":140321,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140323,140324,140337],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140335],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140327,35681],{"class":66},[60,140329,71],{"class":70},[60,140331,91],{"class":78},[60,140333,140334],{"class":82},"one two three",[60,140336,2389],{"class":78},[60,140338,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140340,143],{"class":142},[60,140342,130],{"class":74},[60,140344,35702],{"class":126},[60,140346,123],{"class":74},[60,140348,35462],{"class":126},[60,140350,8193],{"class":74},[20,140352,153],{},[51,140354,140356],{"className":53,"code":140355,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,140357,140358],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140359,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140361,353],{"class":74},[60,140363,356],{"class":78},[60,140365,895],{"class":82},[60,140367,356],{"class":78},[60,140369,88],{"class":74},[60,140371,365],{"class":78},[60,140373,904],{"class":82},[60,140375,356],{"class":78},[60,140377,88],{"class":74},[60,140379,365],{"class":78},[60,140381,913],{"class":82},[60,140383,356],{"class":78},[60,140385,108],{"class":74},[46,140387,9413,140389,140391],{"id":140388},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,140390,2886],{}," with no separator",[20,140393,71149,140394,140396],{},[15,140395,2886],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,140398,140399],{},"Whitespace includes:",[33,140401,140402,140404,140407],{},[36,140403,11449],{},[36,140405,140406],{},"tabs",[36,140408,140409],{},"new lines",[20,140411,140412],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,140414,236],{},[51,140416,140418],{"className":53,"code":140417,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140419,140420,140443,140457,140461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428,140431,140434,140436,140438,140441],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140423,35681],{"class":66},[60,140425,71],{"class":70},[60,140427,91],{"class":78},[60,140429,140430],{"class":82},"Python   is",[60,140432,140433],{"class":1313},"\\t",[60,140435,103],{"class":82},[60,140437,88126],{"class":1313},[60,140439,140440],{"class":82},"and useful",[60,140442,2389],{"class":78},[60,140444,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140446,1162],{"class":66},[60,140448,71],{"class":70},[60,140450,43826],{"class":66},[60,140452,123],{"class":74},[60,140454,35462],{"class":126},[60,140456,9640],{"class":74},[60,140458,140459],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140460,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140462,140463,140465,140467,140469],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140464,143],{"class":142},[60,140466,130],{"class":74},[60,140468,1212],{"class":126},[60,140470,136],{"class":74},[20,140472,153],{},[51,140474,140476],{"className":53,"code":140475,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,140477,140478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140479,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140519,140521],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140481,353],{"class":74},[60,140483,356],{"class":78},[60,140485,83],{"class":82},[60,140487,356],{"class":78},[60,140489,88],{"class":74},[60,140491,365],{"class":78},[60,140493,94],{"class":82},[60,140495,356],{"class":78},[60,140497,88],{"class":74},[60,140499,365],{"class":78},[60,140501,103],{"class":82},[60,140503,356],{"class":78},[60,140505,88],{"class":74},[60,140507,365],{"class":78},[60,140509,131079],{"class":82},[60,140511,356],{"class":78},[60,140513,88],{"class":74},[60,140515,365],{"class":78},[60,140517,140518],{"class":82},"useful",[60,140520,356],{"class":78},[60,140522,108],{"class":74},[20,140524,140525],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[415,140527,140529,11583,140531],{"id":140528},"split-vs-split",[15,140530,2886],{},[15,140532,140533],{},"split(' ')",[20,140535,140536],{},"These are not the same.",[51,140538,140540],{"className":53,"code":140539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,140541,140542,140555,140559,140573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140543,140544,140546,140548,140550,140553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140545,35681],{"class":66},[60,140547,71],{"class":70},[60,140549,91],{"class":78},[60,140551,140552],{"class":82},"a  b   c",[60,140554,2389],{"class":78},[60,140556,140557],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140558,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569,140571],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140562,143],{"class":142},[60,140564,130],{"class":74},[60,140566,35702],{"class":126},[60,140568,123],{"class":74},[60,140570,35462],{"class":126},[60,140572,8193],{"class":74},[60,140574,140575,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140576,143],{"class":142},[60,140578,130],{"class":74},[60,140580,35702],{"class":126},[60,140582,123],{"class":74},[60,140584,35462],{"class":126},[60,140586,130],{"class":74},[60,140588,79],{"class":78},[60,140590,91],{"class":78},[60,140592,1042],{"class":74},[20,140594,153],{},[51,140596,140598],{"className":53,"code":140597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,140599,140600,140628],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140601,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140603,353],{"class":74},[60,140605,356],{"class":78},[60,140607,551],{"class":82},[60,140609,356],{"class":78},[60,140611,88],{"class":74},[60,140613,365],{"class":78},[60,140615,2258],{"class":82},[60,140617,356],{"class":78},[60,140619,88],{"class":74},[60,140621,365],{"class":78},[60,140623,1895],{"class":82},[60,140625,356],{"class":78},[60,140627,108],{"class":74},[60,140629,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140631,353],{"class":74},[60,140633,356],{"class":78},[60,140635,551],{"class":82},[60,140637,356],{"class":78},[60,140639,88],{"class":74},[60,140641,4848],{"class":78},[60,140643,88],{"class":74},[60,140645,365],{"class":78},[60,140647,2258],{"class":82},[60,140649,356],{"class":78},[60,140651,88],{"class":74},[60,140653,4848],{"class":78},[60,140655,88],{"class":74},[60,140657,4848],{"class":78},[60,140659,88],{"class":74},[60,140661,365],{"class":78},[60,140663,1895],{"class":82},[60,140665,356],{"class":78},[60,140667,108],{"class":74},[33,140669,140670,140675],{},[36,140671,140672,140674],{},[15,140673,2886],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[36,140676,140677,140680],{},[15,140678,140679],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140682,140683,140684,140688],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[551,140685,2883,140686,2887],{"href":137625},[15,140687,42640],{}," is often useful.",[46,140690,140692],{"id":140691},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140694,140695,140696,287,140699,432,140701,123],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140697,140698],{},"\",\"",[15,140700,220],{},[15,140702,140703],{},"\"::\"",[20,140705,140706],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140708,140709],{},"Example with commas:",[51,140711,140713],{"className":53,"code":140712,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140714,140715,140727,140749,140753],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140716,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140718,35681],{"class":66},[60,140720,71],{"class":70},[60,140722,91],{"class":78},[60,140724,140093],{"class":82},[60,140726,2389],{"class":78},[60,140728,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140730,1162],{"class":66},[60,140732,71],{"class":70},[60,140734,43826],{"class":66},[60,140736,123],{"class":74},[60,140738,35462],{"class":126},[60,140740,130],{"class":74},[60,140742,79],{"class":78},[60,140744,88],{"class":82},[60,140746,79],{"class":78},[60,140748,136],{"class":74},[60,140750,140751],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140752,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140756,143],{"class":142},[60,140758,130],{"class":74},[60,140760,1212],{"class":126},[60,140762,136],{"class":74},[20,140764,153],{},[51,140766,140767],{"className":53,"code":79424,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,140768,140769],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140770,140771,140773,140775,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140772,353],{"class":74},[60,140774,356],{"class":78},[60,140776,1604],{"class":82},[60,140778,356],{"class":78},[60,140780,88],{"class":74},[60,140782,365],{"class":78},[60,140784,1619],{"class":82},[60,140786,356],{"class":78},[60,140788,88],{"class":74},[60,140790,365],{"class":78},[60,140792,5098],{"class":82},[60,140794,356],{"class":78},[60,140796,108],{"class":74},[20,140798,140799],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[51,140801,140803],{"className":53,"code":140802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140804,140805,140818,140840,140844],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140806,140807,140809,140811,140813,140816],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140808,35681],{"class":66},[60,140810,71],{"class":70},[60,140812,91],{"class":78},[60,140814,140815],{"class":82},"2024::10::31",[60,140817,2389],{"class":78},[60,140819,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140821,1162],{"class":66},[60,140823,71],{"class":70},[60,140825,43826],{"class":66},[60,140827,123],{"class":74},[60,140829,35462],{"class":126},[60,140831,130],{"class":74},[60,140833,79],{"class":78},[60,140835,77641],{"class":82},[60,140837,79],{"class":78},[60,140839,136],{"class":74},[60,140841,140842],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140843,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140845,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140847,143],{"class":142},[60,140849,130],{"class":74},[60,140851,1212],{"class":126},[60,140853,136],{"class":74},[20,140855,153],{},[51,140857,140859],{"className":53,"code":140858,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140860,140861],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140862,140863,140865,140867,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884,140887,140889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140864,353],{"class":74},[60,140866,356],{"class":78},[60,140868,140869],{"class":82},"2024",[60,140871,356],{"class":78},[60,140873,88],{"class":74},[60,140875,365],{"class":78},[60,140877,1345],{"class":82},[60,140879,356],{"class":78},[60,140881,88],{"class":74},[60,140883,365],{"class":78},[60,140885,140886],{"class":82},"31",[60,140888,356],{"class":78},[60,140890,108],{"class":74},[20,140892,140893],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140895,140896,140897,123],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[551,140898,129999],{"href":129998},[46,140900,9413,140902],{"id":140901},"using-maxsplit",[15,140903,140310],{},[20,140905,140906,140908],{},[15,140907,140310],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140910,140911],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140913,236],{},[51,140915,140917],{"className":53,"code":140916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140918,140919,140932,140958,140962],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140920,140921,140923,140925,140927,140930],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140922,35681],{"class":66},[60,140924,71],{"class":70},[60,140926,91],{"class":78},[60,140928,140929],{"class":82},"name:age:city:country",[60,140931,2389],{"class":78},[60,140933,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950,140952,140954,140956],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,140935,1162],{"class":66},[60,140937,71],{"class":70},[60,140939,43826],{"class":66},[60,140941,123],{"class":74},[60,140943,35462],{"class":126},[60,140945,130],{"class":74},[60,140947,79],{"class":78},[60,140949,3901],{"class":82},[60,140951,79],{"class":78},[60,140953,88],{"class":74},[60,140955,1437],{"class":1402},[60,140957,136],{"class":74},[60,140959,140960],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,140961,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,140963,140964,140966,140968,140970],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,140965,143],{"class":142},[60,140967,130],{"class":74},[60,140969,1212],{"class":126},[60,140971,136],{"class":74},[20,140973,153],{},[51,140975,140977],{"className":53,"code":140976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140978,140979],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,140980,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141004,141006],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,140982,353],{"class":74},[60,140984,356],{"class":78},[60,140986,8666],{"class":82},[60,140988,356],{"class":78},[60,140990,88],{"class":74},[60,140992,365],{"class":78},[60,140994,10296],{"class":82},[60,140996,356],{"class":78},[60,140998,88],{"class":74},[60,141000,365],{"class":78},[60,141002,141003],{"class":82},"city:country",[60,141005,356],{"class":78},[60,141007,108],{"class":74},[20,141009,3196],{},[33,141011,141012,141017,141022],{},[36,141013,141014,141015],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,141016,3901],{},[36,141018,141019,141020],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,141021,3901],{},[36,141023,141024],{},"then stops",[20,141026,141027],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,141029,53059],{},[51,141031,141033],{"className":53,"code":141032,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,141034,141035,141048],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141036,141037,141039,141041,141043,141046],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141038,35681],{"class":66},[60,141040,71],{"class":70},[60,141042,91],{"class":78},[60,141044,141045],{"class":82},"apple banana cherry grape",[60,141047,2389],{"class":78},[60,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068,141070],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141051,143],{"class":142},[60,141053,130],{"class":74},[60,141055,35702],{"class":126},[60,141057,123],{"class":74},[60,141059,35462],{"class":126},[60,141061,130],{"class":74},[60,141063,79],{"class":78},[60,141065,91],{"class":78},[60,141067,88],{"class":74},[60,141069,6499],{"class":1402},[60,141071,1042],{"class":74},[20,141073,153],{},[51,141075,141077],{"className":53,"code":141076,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,141078,141079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141096,141098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141082,353],{"class":74},[60,141084,356],{"class":78},[60,141086,1604],{"class":82},[60,141088,356],{"class":78},[60,141090,88],{"class":74},[60,141092,365],{"class":78},[60,141094,141095],{"class":82},"banana cherry grape",[60,141097,356],{"class":78},[60,141099,108],{"class":74},[46,141101,178,141103,12701],{"id":141102},"what-split-returns",[15,141104,2886],{},[20,141106,141107,141108,141110,141111,123],{},"The result of ",[15,141109,2886],{}," is always a ",[4753,141112,9089],{},[20,141114,141115],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,141117,236],{},[51,141119,141121],{"className":53,"code":141120,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,141122,141123,141136,141158,141162,141172,141186],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131,141134],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141126,35681],{"class":66},[60,141128,71],{"class":70},[60,141130,91],{"class":78},[60,141132,141133],{"class":82},"cat,dog,bird",[60,141135,2389],{"class":78},[60,141137,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141139,1162],{"class":66},[60,141141,71],{"class":70},[60,141143,43826],{"class":66},[60,141145,123],{"class":74},[60,141147,35462],{"class":126},[60,141149,130],{"class":74},[60,141151,79],{"class":78},[60,141153,88],{"class":82},[60,141155,79],{"class":78},[60,141157,136],{"class":74},[60,141159,141160],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141161,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,141163,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141165,143],{"class":142},[60,141167,130],{"class":74},[60,141169,1212],{"class":126},[60,141171,136],{"class":74},[60,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,141175,143],{"class":142},[60,141177,130],{"class":74},[60,141179,2629],{"class":1527},[60,141181,130],{"class":74},[60,141183,1212],{"class":126},[60,141185,1042],{"class":74},[60,141187,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,141189,143],{"class":142},[60,141191,130],{"class":74},[60,141193,1212],{"class":126},[60,141195,353],{"class":74},[60,141197,3137],{"class":1402},[60,141199,2677],{"class":74},[20,141201,153],{},[51,141203,141205],{"className":53,"code":141204,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,141206,141207,141235,141249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141208,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141210,353],{"class":74},[60,141212,356],{"class":78},[60,141214,38035],{"class":82},[60,141216,356],{"class":78},[60,141218,88],{"class":74},[60,141220,365],{"class":78},[60,141222,59107],{"class":82},[60,141224,356],{"class":78},[60,141226,88],{"class":74},[60,141228,365],{"class":78},[60,141230,59124],{"class":82},[60,141232,356],{"class":78},[60,141234,108],{"class":74},[60,141236,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245,141247],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141238,4304],{"class":70},[60,141240,4307],{"class":3082},[60,141242,365],{"class":78},[60,141244,9089],{"class":82},[60,141246,356],{"class":78},[60,141248,4316],{"class":70},[60,141250,141251],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141252,86442],{"class":66},[20,141254,141255],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[33,141257,141258,141261,141264],{},[36,141259,141260],{},"loop over it",[36,141262,141263],{},"access items by index",[36,141265,141266],{},"combine items again later",[20,141268,141269,141270,123],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[551,141271,2883,141273,2887],{"href":141272},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,141274,17],{},[20,141276,236],{},[51,141278,141280],{"className":53,"code":141279,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141281,141282,141314,141336,141340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141283,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141312],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141285,1162],{"class":66},[60,141287,71],{"class":70},[60,141289,75],{"class":74},[60,141291,356],{"class":78},[60,141293,38035],{"class":82},[60,141295,356],{"class":78},[60,141297,88],{"class":74},[60,141299,365],{"class":78},[60,141301,59107],{"class":82},[60,141303,356],{"class":78},[60,141305,88],{"class":74},[60,141307,365],{"class":78},[60,141309,59124],{"class":82},[60,141311,356],{"class":78},[60,141313,108],{"class":74},[60,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141317,35681],{"class":66},[60,141319,71],{"class":70},[60,141321,91],{"class":78},[60,141323,929],{"class":82},[60,141325,79],{"class":78},[60,141327,123],{"class":74},[60,141329,127],{"class":126},[60,141331,130],{"class":74},[60,141333,1212],{"class":126},[60,141335,136],{"class":74},[60,141337,141338],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141339,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,141341,141342,141344,141346,141348],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141343,143],{"class":142},[60,141345,130],{"class":74},[60,141347,35702],{"class":126},[60,141349,136],{"class":74},[20,141351,153],{},[51,141353,141355],{"className":53,"code":141354,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,141356,141357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141358,141359,141361,141363,141365,141367],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141360,38035],{"class":66},[60,141362,929],{"class":70},[60,141364,59107],{"class":66},[60,141366,929],{"class":70},[60,141368,141369],{"class":66},"bird\n",[46,141371,141373],{"id":141372},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,141375,141376],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[415,141378,141380],{"id":141379},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[51,141382,141384],{"className":53,"code":141383,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,141385,141386,141394],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141387,141388,141390,141392],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141389,35681],{"class":66},[60,141391,71],{"class":70},[60,141393,8877],{"class":78},[60,141395,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404,141406],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141397,143],{"class":142},[60,141399,130],{"class":74},[60,141401,35702],{"class":126},[60,141403,123],{"class":74},[60,141405,35462],{"class":126},[60,141407,8193],{"class":74},[20,141409,153],{},[51,141411,141412],{"className":53,"code":39285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,141413,141414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141415,141416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141417,39285],{"class":74},[415,141419,141421],{"id":141420},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[51,141423,141425],{"className":53,"code":141424,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141426,141427,141435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141428,141429,141431,141433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141430,35681],{"class":66},[60,141432,71],{"class":70},[60,141434,8877],{"class":78},[60,141436,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141438,143],{"class":142},[60,141440,130],{"class":74},[60,141442,35702],{"class":126},[60,141444,123],{"class":74},[60,141446,35462],{"class":126},[60,141448,130],{"class":74},[60,141450,79],{"class":78},[60,141452,88],{"class":82},[60,141454,79],{"class":78},[60,141456,1042],{"class":74},[20,141458,153],{},[51,141460,141462],{"className":53,"code":141461,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['']\n",[15,141463,141464],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141465,141466,141468,141470],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141467,353],{"class":74},[60,141469,4784],{"class":78},[60,141471,108],{"class":74},[415,141473,141475],{"id":141474},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,141477,141478],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[51,141480,141482],{"className":53,"code":141481,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,141483,141484,141496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141485,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141487,35681],{"class":66},[60,141489,71],{"class":70},[60,141491,91],{"class":78},[60,141493,1008],{"class":82},[60,141495,2389],{"class":78},[60,141497,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141514,141516],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141499,143],{"class":142},[60,141501,130],{"class":74},[60,141503,35702],{"class":126},[60,141505,123],{"class":74},[60,141507,35462],{"class":126},[60,141509,130],{"class":74},[60,141511,79],{"class":78},[60,141513,88],{"class":82},[60,141515,79],{"class":78},[60,141517,1042],{"class":74},[20,141519,153],{},[51,141521,141523],{"className":53,"code":141522,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"['hello']\n",[15,141524,141525],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141526,141527,141529,141531,141533,141535],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141528,353],{"class":74},[60,141530,356],{"class":78},[60,141532,1008],{"class":82},[60,141534,356],{"class":78},[60,141536,108],{"class":74},[46,141538,5963,141540],{"id":141539},"when-to-use-split",[15,141541,2886],{},[20,141543,171,141544,141546],{},[15,141545,2886],{}," when you need to:",[33,141548,141549,141552,141555],{},[36,141550,141551],{},"split a sentence into words",[36,141553,141554],{},"split comma-separated values",[36,141556,141557],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,141559,141560],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[33,141562,141563,141566,141569],{},[36,141564,141565],{},"cleaning text",[36,141567,141568],{},"parsing user input",[36,141570,141571],{},"processing simple file content",[46,141573,3845],{"id":3844},[20,141575,85213],{},[33,141577,141578,141582,141588,141591,141599],{},[36,141579,51485,141580,132533],{},[15,141581,2886],{},[36,141583,141584,141585,141587],{},"forgetting that ",[15,141586,2886],{}," returns a list, not a string",[36,141589,141590],{},"using the wrong separator",[36,141592,141593,141594,141596,141597],{},"assuming ",[15,141595,140533],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,141598,2886],{},[36,141600,141601],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,141603,141604],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[51,141606,141608],{"className":53,"code":141607,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,141609,141610,141622,141640,141644],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141611,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141613,35681],{"class":66},[60,141615,71],{"class":70},[60,141617,91],{"class":78},[60,141619,43815],{"class":82},[60,141621,2389],{"class":78},[60,141623,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634,141636,141638],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141625,35702],{"class":66},[60,141627,123],{"class":74},[60,141629,35462],{"class":126},[60,141631,130],{"class":74},[60,141633,79],{"class":78},[60,141635,88],{"class":82},[60,141637,79],{"class":78},[60,141639,136],{"class":74},[60,141641,141642],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141643,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,141645,141646,141648,141650,141652],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141647,143],{"class":142},[60,141649,130],{"class":74},[60,141651,35702],{"class":126},[60,141653,136],{"class":74},[20,141655,153],{},[51,141657,141659],{"className":53,"code":141658,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a,b,c\n",[15,141660,141661],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141662,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141664,551],{"class":66},[60,141666,88],{"class":74},[60,141668,2258],{"class":66},[60,141670,88],{"class":74},[60,141672,70221],{"class":66},[20,141674,141675],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141677,2078],{},[51,141679,141680],{"className":53,"code":43802,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,141681,141682,141694,141716,141720],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141683,141684,141686,141688,141690,141692],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141685,35681],{"class":66},[60,141687,71],{"class":70},[60,141689,91],{"class":78},[60,141691,43815],{"class":82},[60,141693,2389],{"class":78},[60,141695,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141697,1162],{"class":66},[60,141699,71],{"class":70},[60,141701,43826],{"class":66},[60,141703,123],{"class":74},[60,141705,35462],{"class":126},[60,141707,130],{"class":74},[60,141709,79],{"class":78},[60,141711,88],{"class":82},[60,141713,79],{"class":78},[60,141715,136],{"class":74},[60,141717,141718],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141719,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141723,143],{"class":142},[60,141725,130],{"class":74},[60,141727,1212],{"class":126},[60,141729,136],{"class":74},[20,141731,153],{},[51,141733,141734],{"className":53,"code":2309,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,141735,141736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141737,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141739,353],{"class":74},[60,141741,356],{"class":78},[60,141743,551],{"class":82},[60,141745,356],{"class":78},[60,141747,88],{"class":74},[60,141749,365],{"class":78},[60,141751,2258],{"class":82},[60,141753,356],{"class":78},[60,141755,88],{"class":74},[60,141757,365],{"class":78},[60,141759,1895],{"class":82},[60,141761,356],{"class":78},[60,141763,108],{"class":74},[20,141765,141766],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[51,141768,141770],{"className":53,"code":141769,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141771,141772,141785,141807,141811],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141773,141774,141776,141778,141780,141783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141775,35681],{"class":66},[60,141777,71],{"class":70},[60,141779,91],{"class":78},[60,141781,141782],{"class":82},"apple,banana",[60,141784,2389],{"class":78},[60,141786,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141788,1162],{"class":66},[60,141790,71],{"class":70},[60,141792,43826],{"class":66},[60,141794,123],{"class":74},[60,141796,35462],{"class":126},[60,141798,130],{"class":74},[60,141800,79],{"class":78},[60,141802,88],{"class":82},[60,141804,79],{"class":78},[60,141806,136],{"class":74},[60,141808,141809],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141810,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,141812,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141814,143],{"class":142},[60,141816,130],{"class":74},[60,141818,1212],{"class":126},[60,141820,353],{"class":74},[60,141822,1925],{"class":1402},[60,141824,2677],{"class":74},[20,141826,141827,141828,123],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[551,141829,70234],{"href":70233},[415,141831,61687],{"id":61686},[20,141833,2580,141834,141836],{},[15,141835,2886],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[51,141838,141840],{"className":53,"code":141839,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141841,141842,141852,141866,141888,141914],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,141843,141844,141846,141848,141850],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,141845,143],{"class":142},[60,141847,130],{"class":74},[60,141849,35702],{"class":126},[60,141851,136],{"class":74},[60,141853,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141864],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,141855,143],{"class":142},[60,141857,130],{"class":74},[60,141859,35702],{"class":126},[60,141861,123],{"class":74},[60,141863,35462],{"class":126},[60,141865,8193],{"class":74},[60,141867,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141886],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,141869,143],{"class":142},[60,141871,130],{"class":74},[60,141873,35702],{"class":126},[60,141875,123],{"class":74},[60,141877,35462],{"class":126},[60,141879,130],{"class":74},[60,141881,356],{"class":78},[60,141883,88],{"class":82},[60,141885,356],{"class":78},[60,141887,1042],{"class":74},[60,141889,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,141891,143],{"class":142},[60,141893,130],{"class":74},[60,141895,12157],{"class":142},[60,141897,130],{"class":74},[60,141899,35702],{"class":126},[60,141901,123],{"class":74},[60,141903,35462],{"class":126},[60,141905,130],{"class":74},[60,141907,356],{"class":78},[60,141909,88],{"class":82},[60,141911,356],{"class":78},[60,141913,1992],{"class":74},[60,141915,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,141917,143],{"class":142},[60,141919,130],{"class":74},[60,141921,2629],{"class":1527},[60,141923,130],{"class":74},[60,141925,35702],{"class":126},[60,141927,123],{"class":74},[60,141929,35462],{"class":126},[60,141931,130],{"class":74},[60,141933,356],{"class":78},[60,141935,88],{"class":82},[60,141937,356],{"class":78},[60,141939,1992],{"class":74},[20,141941,12166],{},[33,141943,141944,141947,141950,141953],{},[36,141945,141946],{},"what the original string looks like",[36,141948,141949],{},"which separator works",[36,141951,141952],{},"how many items were created",[36,141954,141955],{},"that the result is a list",[46,141957,2804],{"id":2803},[415,141959,6180,141961,2360,141963,2863],{"id":141960},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141962,2886],{},[15,141964,140533],{},[20,141966,141967,141969],{},[15,141968,2886],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141971,141972,141974],{},[15,141973,140533],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[415,141976,2808,141978,125645],{"id":141977},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141979,2886],{},[20,141981,141982,141983,57459],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141984,2886],{},[415,141986,2846,141988,2850],{"id":141987},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141989,140310],{},[20,141991,141992],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[415,141994,141996],{"id":141995},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141998,30054,141999,142001],{},[15,142000,2886],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[46,142003,2870],{"id":2869},[33,142005,142006,142010,142016,142022,142026],{},[36,142007,142008],{},[551,142009,130919],{"href":129998},[36,142011,142012],{},[551,142013,2883,142014,2887],{"href":141272},[15,142015,17],{},[36,142017,142018],{},[551,142019,2883,142020,2887],{"href":137625},[15,142021,42640],{},[36,142023,142024],{},[551,142025,554],{"href":553},[36,142027,142028],{},[551,142029,70234],{"href":70233},[2912,142031,142032],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":142034},[142035,142036,142038,142039,142044,142045,142047,142049,142054,142056,142059,142068],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":140140,"depth":111,"text":142037},"What split() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":140388,"depth":111,"text":142040,"children":142041},"Using split() with no separator",[142042],{"id":140528,"depth":139,"text":142043},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140691,"depth":111,"text":140692},{"id":140901,"depth":111,"text":142046},"Using maxsplit",{"id":141102,"depth":111,"text":142048},"What split() returns",{"id":141372,"depth":111,"text":141373,"children":142050},[142051,142052,142053],{"id":141379,"depth":139,"text":141380},{"id":141420,"depth":139,"text":141421},{"id":141474,"depth":139,"text":141475},{"id":141539,"depth":111,"text":142055},"When to use split()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":142057},[142058],{"id":61686,"depth":139,"text":61687},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":142060},[142061,142063,142065,142067],{"id":141960,"depth":139,"text":142062},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141977,"depth":139,"text":142064},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141987,"depth":139,"text":142066},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141995,"depth":139,"text":141996},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":140049,"description":142069},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":142076,"title":142077,"body":142078,"description":144021,"extension":2980,"meta":144022,"navigation":304,"path":144023,"seo":144024,"stem":144025,"__hash__":144026},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":142079,"toc":143980},[142080,142085,142090,142097,142170,142175,142180,142185,142201,142203,142273,142275,142277,142297,142299,142344,142349,142351,142449,142454,142458,142463,142467,142470,142512,142516,142519,142564,142568,142571,142621,142625,142630,142682,142684,142689,142700,142705,142785,142787,142799,142808,142815,142830,142832,142947,142953,142957,142960,142965,143107,143110,143117,143119,143123,143131,143200,143206,143255,143260,143265,143267,143287,143289,143355,143357,143361,143364,143368,143409,143411,143444,143449,143452,143479,143481,143524,143531,143536,143546,143612,143616,143624,143629,143680,143684,143687,143689,143698,143700,143750,143752,143859,143861,143866,143873,143879,143882,143913,143918,143920,143927,143935,143944,143947,143949,143977],[10,142081,13,142083,18],{"id":142082},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,142084,128683],{},[20,142086,22,142087,142089],{},[15,142088,128683],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,142091,127382,142092,3894,142094,142096],{},[15,142093,4616],{},[15,142095,4685],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[51,142098,142100],{"className":53,"code":142099,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,142101,142102,142115,142119,142144],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142103,142104,142106,142108,142110,142113],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142105,35681],{"class":66},[60,142107,71],{"class":70},[60,142109,91],{"class":78},[60,142111,142112],{"class":82},"Python Beginner Help",[60,142114,2389],{"class":78},[60,142116,142117],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142118,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,142120,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,142122,143],{"class":142},[60,142124,130],{"class":74},[60,142126,35702],{"class":126},[60,142128,123],{"class":74},[60,142130,142131],{"class":126},"startswith",[60,142133,130],{"class":74},[60,142135,79],{"class":78},[60,142137,83],{"class":82},[60,142139,79],{"class":78},[60,142141,6362],{"class":74},[60,142143,44836],{"class":4674},[60,142145,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142163,142165,142167],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,142147,143],{"class":142},[60,142149,130],{"class":74},[60,142151,35702],{"class":126},[60,142153,123],{"class":74},[60,142155,142131],{"class":126},[60,142157,130],{"class":74},[60,142159,79],{"class":78},[60,142161,142162],{"class":82},"Beginner",[60,142164,79],{"class":78},[60,142166,6362],{"class":74},[60,142168,142169],{"class":4674}," # False\n",[20,142171,171,142172,142174],{},[15,142173,128683],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[46,142176,178,142178,181],{"id":142177},"what-startswith-does",[15,142179,128683],{},[20,142181,142182,142184],{},[15,142183,128683],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[33,142186,142187,142190,142196,142198],{},[36,142188,142189],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[36,142191,6148,142192,3894,142194],{},[15,142193,4616],{},[15,142195,4685],{},[36,142197,124461],{},[36,142199,142200],{},"It works only on strings",[20,142202,236],{},[51,142204,142206],{"className":53,"code":142205,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,142207,142208,142220,142224,142249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142209,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142211,8872],{"class":66},[60,142213,71],{"class":70},[60,142215,91],{"class":78},[60,142217,83],{"class":82},[60,142219,2389],{"class":78},[60,142221,142222],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142223,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142243,142245,142247],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,142227,143],{"class":142},[60,142229,130],{"class":74},[60,142231,8666],{"class":126},[60,142233,123],{"class":74},[60,142235,142131],{"class":126},[60,142237,130],{"class":74},[60,142239,79],{"class":78},[60,142241,142242],{"class":82},"Py",[60,142244,79],{"class":78},[60,142246,6362],{"class":74},[60,142248,44836],{"class":4674},[60,142250,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,142252,143],{"class":142},[60,142254,130],{"class":74},[60,142256,8666],{"class":126},[60,142258,123],{"class":74},[60,142260,142131],{"class":126},[60,142262,130],{"class":74},[60,142264,79],{"class":78},[60,142266,129761],{"class":82},[60,142268,79],{"class":78},[60,142270,6362],{"class":74},[60,142272,44853],{"class":4674},[46,142274,389],{"id":388},[20,142276,43370],{},[51,142278,142280],{"className":53,"code":142279,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,142281,142282],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142283,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142295],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142285,1179],{"class":66},[60,142287,123],{"class":74},[60,142289,142131],{"class":126},[60,142291,130],{"class":74},[60,142293,142294],{"class":126},"prefix",[60,142296,136],{"class":74},[20,142298,31756],{},[51,142300,142302],{"className":53,"code":142301,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,142303,142304,142322],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142305,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142307,1179],{"class":66},[60,142309,123],{"class":74},[60,142311,142131],{"class":126},[60,142313,130],{"class":74},[60,142315,142294],{"class":126},[60,142317,88],{"class":74},[60,142319,37041],{"class":126},[60,142321,136],{"class":74},[60,142323,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142325,1179],{"class":66},[60,142327,123],{"class":74},[60,142329,142131],{"class":126},[60,142331,130],{"class":74},[60,142333,142294],{"class":126},[60,142335,88],{"class":74},[60,142337,37041],{"class":126},[60,142339,88],{"class":74},[60,142341,66015],{"class":126},[60,142343,136],{"class":74},[20,142345,21765,142346,142348],{},[15,142347,142294],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,142350,236],{},[51,142352,142354],{"className":53,"code":142353,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,142355,142356,142368,142372,142397,142421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142357,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142359,35681],{"class":66},[60,142361,71],{"class":70},[60,142363,91],{"class":78},[60,142365,61387],{"class":82},[60,142367,2389],{"class":78},[60,142369,142370],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142371,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,142373,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,142375,143],{"class":142},[60,142377,130],{"class":74},[60,142379,35702],{"class":126},[60,142381,123],{"class":74},[60,142383,142131],{"class":126},[60,142385,130],{"class":74},[60,142387,79],{"class":78},[60,142389,1008],{"class":82},[60,142391,79],{"class":78},[60,142393,6362],{"class":74},[60,142395,142396],{"class":4674},"      # True\n",[60,142398,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417,142419],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,142400,143],{"class":142},[60,142402,130],{"class":74},[60,142404,35702],{"class":126},[60,142406,123],{"class":74},[60,142408,142131],{"class":126},[60,142410,130],{"class":74},[60,142412,79],{"class":78},[60,142414,1017],{"class":82},[60,142416,79],{"class":78},[60,142418,6362],{"class":74},[60,142420,22195],{"class":4674},[60,142422,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,142424,143],{"class":142},[60,142426,130],{"class":74},[60,142428,35702],{"class":126},[60,142430,123],{"class":74},[60,142432,142131],{"class":126},[60,142434,130],{"class":74},[60,142436,79],{"class":78},[60,142438,1017],{"class":82},[60,142440,79],{"class":78},[60,142442,88],{"class":74},[60,142444,38631],{"class":1402},[60,142446,6362],{"class":74},[60,142448,44836],{"class":4674},[20,142450,142451,142452,123],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[551,142453,554],{"href":553},[46,142455,142457],{"id":142456},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,142459,142460,142462],{},[15,142461,128683],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[415,142464,142465],{"id":142294},[15,142466,142294],{},[20,142468,142469],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[51,142471,142473],{"className":53,"code":142472,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,142474,142475,142487],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142478,35681],{"class":66},[60,142480,71],{"class":70},[60,142482,91],{"class":78},[60,142484,1619],{"class":82},[60,142486,2389],{"class":78},[60,142488,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142506,142508,142510],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142490,143],{"class":142},[60,142492,130],{"class":74},[60,142494,35702],{"class":126},[60,142496,123],{"class":74},[60,142498,142131],{"class":126},[60,142500,130],{"class":74},[60,142502,79],{"class":78},[60,142504,142505],{"class":82},"ban",[60,142507,79],{"class":78},[60,142509,6362],{"class":74},[60,142511,4675],{"class":4674},[415,142513,142514],{"id":37062},[15,142515,37062],{},[20,142517,142518],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[51,142520,142522],{"className":53,"code":142521,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,142523,142524,142536],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142525,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142527,35681],{"class":66},[60,142529,71],{"class":70},[60,142531,91],{"class":78},[60,142533,61387],{"class":82},[60,142535,2389],{"class":78},[60,142537,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142539,143],{"class":142},[60,142541,130],{"class":74},[60,142543,35702],{"class":126},[60,142545,123],{"class":74},[60,142547,142131],{"class":126},[60,142549,130],{"class":74},[60,142551,79],{"class":78},[60,142553,1017],{"class":82},[60,142555,79],{"class":78},[60,142557,88],{"class":74},[60,142559,38631],{"class":1402},[60,142561,6362],{"class":74},[60,142563,4675],{"class":4674},[415,142565,142566],{"id":53640},[15,142567,53640],{},[20,142569,142570],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[51,142572,142574],{"className":53,"code":142573,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,142575,142576,142588],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142577,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142579,35681],{"class":66},[60,142581,71],{"class":70},[60,142583,91],{"class":78},[60,142585,61387],{"class":82},[60,142587,2389],{"class":78},[60,142589,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142591,143],{"class":142},[60,142593,130],{"class":74},[60,142595,35702],{"class":126},[60,142597,123],{"class":74},[60,142599,142131],{"class":126},[60,142601,130],{"class":74},[60,142603,79],{"class":78},[60,142605,142606],{"class":82},"wor",[60,142608,79],{"class":78},[60,142610,88],{"class":74},[60,142612,38631],{"class":1402},[60,142614,88],{"class":74},[60,142616,55116],{"class":1402},[60,142618,6362],{"class":74},[60,142620,4675],{"class":4674},[415,142622,142624],{"id":142623},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,142626,142627,142629],{},[15,142628,142294],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[51,142631,142633],{"className":53,"code":142632,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,142634,142635,142648],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142636,142637,142639,142641,142643,142646],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142638,127399],{"class":66},[60,142640,71],{"class":70},[60,142642,91],{"class":78},[60,142644,142645],{"class":82},"img_001.png",[60,142647,2389],{"class":78},[60,142649,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142667,142669,142671,142673,142676,142678,142680],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142651,143],{"class":142},[60,142653,130],{"class":74},[60,142655,127417],{"class":126},[60,142657,123],{"class":74},[60,142659,142131],{"class":126},[60,142661,6512],{"class":74},[60,142663,79],{"class":78},[60,142665,142666],{"class":82},"img_",[60,142668,79],{"class":78},[60,142670,88],{"class":74},[60,142672,91],{"class":78},[60,142674,142675],{"class":82},"photo_",[60,142677,79],{"class":78},[60,142679,52070],{"class":74},[60,142681,4675],{"class":4674},[46,142683,18413],{"id":18412},[20,142685,142686,142688],{},[15,142687,128683],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[33,142690,142691,142696],{},[36,142692,142693,142695],{},[15,142694,4616],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[36,142697,142698,128001],{},[15,142699,4685],{},[20,142701,142702,142703,8171],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142704,7996],{},[51,142706,142708],{"className":53,"code":142707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142709,142710,142724,142728,142749,142764,142770],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142711,142712,142715,142717,142719,142722],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142713,142714],{"class":66},"command ",[60,142716,71],{"class":70},[60,142718,91],{"class":78},[60,142720,142721],{"class":82},"\u002Fhelp",[60,142723,2389],{"class":78},[60,142725,142726],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142727,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,142729,142730,142732,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,142731,7996],{"class":2665},[60,142733,142734],{"class":66}," command",[60,142736,123],{"class":74},[60,142738,142131],{"class":126},[60,142740,130],{"class":74},[60,142742,79],{"class":78},[60,142744,1841],{"class":82},[60,142746,79],{"class":78},[60,142748,9337],{"class":74},[60,142750,142751,142753,142755,142757,142760,142762],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,142752,9064],{"class":142},[60,142754,130],{"class":74},[60,142756,79],{"class":78},[60,142758,142759],{"class":82},"This looks like a command.",[60,142761,79],{"class":78},[60,142763,136],{"class":74},[60,142765,142766,142768],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,142767,28427],{"class":2665},[60,142769,7392],{"class":74},[60,142771,142772,142774,142776,142778,142781,142783],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,142773,9064],{"class":142},[60,142775,130],{"class":74},[60,142777,79],{"class":78},[60,142779,142780],{"class":82},"This is normal text.",[60,142782,79],{"class":78},[60,142784,136],{"class":74},[20,142786,153],{},[51,142788,142790],{"className":53,"code":142789,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142791,142792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142793,142794,142797],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142795,142796],{"class":66},"This looks like a command",[60,142798,123352],{"class":74},[46,142800,9413,142802,9702,142804,2360,142806],{"id":142801},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142803,128683],{},[15,142805,37062],{},[15,142807,53640],{},[20,142809,2997,142810,2360,142812,142814],{},[15,142811,37062],{},[15,142813,53640],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[33,142816,142817,142822,142827],{},[36,142818,142819,142821],{},[15,142820,37062],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[36,142823,142824,142826],{},[15,142825,53640],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[36,142828,142829],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142831,236],{},[51,142833,142835],{"className":53,"code":142834,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142836,142837,142849,142853,142882,142915],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142838,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142840,35681],{"class":66},[60,142842,71],{"class":70},[60,142844,91],{"class":78},[60,142846,140334],{"class":82},[60,142848,2389],{"class":78},[60,142850,142851],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142852,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,142854,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,142856,143],{"class":142},[60,142858,130],{"class":74},[60,142860,35702],{"class":126},[60,142862,123],{"class":74},[60,142864,142131],{"class":126},[60,142866,130],{"class":74},[60,142868,79],{"class":78},[60,142870,904],{"class":82},[60,142872,79],{"class":78},[60,142874,88],{"class":74},[60,142876,3471],{"class":1402},[60,142878,6362],{"class":74},[60,142880,142881],{"class":4674},"        # True\n",[60,142883,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142911,142913],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,142885,143],{"class":142},[60,142887,130],{"class":74},[60,142889,35702],{"class":126},[60,142891,123],{"class":74},[60,142893,142131],{"class":126},[60,142895,130],{"class":74},[60,142897,79],{"class":78},[60,142899,913],{"class":82},[60,142901,79],{"class":78},[60,142903,88],{"class":74},[60,142905,7358],{"class":1402},[60,142907,88],{"class":74},[60,142909,142910],{"class":1402}," 13",[60,142912,6362],{"class":74},[60,142914,4675],{"class":4674},[60,142916,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925,142927,142929,142931,142933,142935,142937,142939,142941,142943,142945],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,142918,143],{"class":142},[60,142920,130],{"class":74},[60,142922,35702],{"class":126},[60,142924,123],{"class":74},[60,142926,142131],{"class":126},[60,142928,130],{"class":74},[60,142930,79],{"class":78},[60,142932,913],{"class":82},[60,142934,79],{"class":78},[60,142936,88],{"class":74},[60,142938,7358],{"class":1402},[60,142940,88],{"class":74},[60,142942,31935],{"class":1402},[60,142944,6362],{"class":74},[60,142946,5773],{"class":4674},[20,142948,142949,142950,142952],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142951,53640],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[46,142954,142956],{"id":142955},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142958,142959],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142961,142962,142963,50327],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142964,41823],{},[51,142966,142968],{"className":53,"code":142967,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142969,142970,142984,142998,143012,143016,143040,143044,143065,143086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,142971,142972,142975,142977,142979,142982],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,142973,142974],{"class":66},"filename1 ",[60,142976,71],{"class":70},[60,142978,91],{"class":78},[60,142980,142981],{"class":82},"img_101.jpg",[60,142983,2389],{"class":78},[60,142985,142986,142989,142991,142993,142996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,142987,142988],{"class":66},"filename2 ",[60,142990,71],{"class":70},[60,142992,91],{"class":78},[60,142994,142995],{"class":82},"photo_202.jpg",[60,142997,2389],{"class":78},[60,142999,143000,143003,143005,143007,143010],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143001,143002],{"class":66},"filename3 ",[60,143004,71],{"class":70},[60,143006,91],{"class":78},[60,143008,143009],{"class":82},"doc_303.jpg",[60,143011,2389],{"class":78},[60,143013,143014],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143015,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143017,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,143019,128610],{"class":66},[60,143021,71],{"class":70},[60,143023,1776],{"class":74},[60,143025,79],{"class":78},[60,143027,142666],{"class":82},[60,143029,79],{"class":78},[60,143031,88],{"class":74},[60,143033,91],{"class":78},[60,143035,142675],{"class":82},[60,143037,79],{"class":78},[60,143039,136],{"class":74},[60,143041,143042],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,143043,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143045,143046,143048,143050,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061,143063],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,143047,143],{"class":142},[60,143049,130],{"class":74},[60,143051,143052],{"class":126},"filename1",[60,143054,123],{"class":74},[60,143056,142131],{"class":126},[60,143058,130],{"class":74},[60,143060,128662],{"class":126},[60,143062,6362],{"class":74},[60,143064,4675],{"class":4674},[60,143066,143067,143069,143071,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,143068,143],{"class":142},[60,143070,130],{"class":74},[60,143072,143073],{"class":126},"filename2",[60,143075,123],{"class":74},[60,143077,142131],{"class":126},[60,143079,130],{"class":74},[60,143081,128662],{"class":126},[60,143083,6362],{"class":74},[60,143085,4675],{"class":4674},[60,143087,143088,143090,143092,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,143089,143],{"class":142},[60,143091,130],{"class":74},[60,143093,143094],{"class":126},"filename3",[60,143096,123],{"class":74},[60,143098,142131],{"class":126},[60,143100,130],{"class":74},[60,143102,128662],{"class":126},[60,143104,6362],{"class":74},[60,143106,5773],{"class":4674},[20,143108,143109],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,143111,75747,143112,143116],{},[551,143113,2883,143114,2887],{"href":130908},[15,143115,127374],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[46,143118,124965],{"id":124964},[20,143120,143121,124776],{},[15,143122,128683],{},[20,143124,128360,143125,2360,143128,128367],{},[15,143126,143127],{},"\"Python\"",[15,143129,143130],{},"\"python\"",[51,143132,143134],{"className":53,"code":143133,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,143135,143136,143148,143152,143176],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143137,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143139,35681],{"class":66},[60,143141,71],{"class":70},[60,143143,91],{"class":78},[60,143145,83],{"class":82},[60,143147,2389],{"class":78},[60,143149,143150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143151,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143153,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143155,143],{"class":142},[60,143157,130],{"class":74},[60,143159,35702],{"class":126},[60,143161,123],{"class":74},[60,143163,142131],{"class":126},[60,143165,130],{"class":74},[60,143167,79],{"class":78},[60,143169,142242],{"class":82},[60,143171,79],{"class":78},[60,143173,6362],{"class":74},[60,143175,4675],{"class":4674},[60,143177,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143179,143],{"class":142},[60,143181,130],{"class":74},[60,143183,35702],{"class":126},[60,143185,123],{"class":74},[60,143187,142131],{"class":126},[60,143189,130],{"class":74},[60,143191,79],{"class":78},[60,143193,129761],{"class":82},[60,143195,79],{"class":78},[60,143197,6362],{"class":74},[60,143199,5773],{"class":4674},[20,143201,128452,143202,123],{},[551,143203,143204],{"href":125045},[15,143205,125048],{},[51,143207,143209],{"className":53,"code":143208,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,143210,143211,143223,143227],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143212,143213,143215,143217,143219,143221],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143214,35681],{"class":66},[60,143216,71],{"class":70},[60,143218,91],{"class":78},[60,143220,83],{"class":82},[60,143222,2389],{"class":78},[60,143224,143225],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143226,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143228,143229,143231,143233,143235,143237,143239,143241,143243,143245,143247,143249,143251,143253],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143230,143],{"class":142},[60,143232,130],{"class":74},[60,143234,35702],{"class":126},[60,143236,123],{"class":74},[60,143238,9637],{"class":126},[60,143240,9634],{"class":74},[60,143242,142131],{"class":126},[60,143244,130],{"class":74},[60,143246,79],{"class":78},[60,143248,129761],{"class":82},[60,143250,79],{"class":78},[60,143252,6362],{"class":74},[60,143254,4675],{"class":4674},[46,143256,5963,143258],{"id":143257},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,143259,128683],{},[20,143261,143262,143264],{},[15,143263,128683],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,143266,10371],{},[33,143268,143269,143272,143275,143284],{},[36,143270,143271],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[36,143273,143274],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[36,143276,143277,143278,3894,143281],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,143279,143280],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,143282,143283],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[36,143285,143286],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,143288,236],{},[51,143290,143292],{"className":53,"code":143291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,143293,143294,143307,143311,143340],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143295,143296,143298,143300,143302,143305],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143297,128179],{"class":66},[60,143299,71],{"class":70},[60,143301,91],{"class":78},[60,143303,143304],{"class":82},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[60,143306,2389],{"class":78},[60,143308,143309],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143310,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143312,143313,143315,143318,143320,143322,143324,143326,143328,143330,143332,143334,143336,143338],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143314,7996],{"class":2665},[60,143316,143317],{"class":66}," url",[60,143319,123],{"class":74},[60,143321,142131],{"class":126},[60,143323,6512],{"class":74},[60,143325,79],{"class":78},[60,143327,143280],{"class":82},[60,143329,79],{"class":78},[60,143331,88],{"class":74},[60,143333,91],{"class":78},[60,143335,143283],{"class":82},[60,143337,79],{"class":78},[60,143339,70538],{"class":74},[60,143341,143342,143344,143346,143348,143351,143353],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143343,9064],{"class":142},[60,143345,130],{"class":74},[60,143347,79],{"class":78},[60,143349,143350],{"class":82},"This looks like a web URL.",[60,143352,79],{"class":78},[60,143354,136],{"class":74},[46,143356,3845],{"id":3844},[20,143358,24088,143359,123],{},[15,143360,128683],{},[415,143362,139495],{"id":143363},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,143365,143366,124776],{},[15,143367,128683],{},[51,143369,143371],{"className":53,"code":143370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,143372,143373,143385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143374,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143376,35681],{"class":66},[60,143378,71],{"class":70},[60,143380,91],{"class":78},[60,143382,83],{"class":82},[60,143384,2389],{"class":78},[60,143386,143387,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401,143403,143405,143407],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143388,143],{"class":142},[60,143390,130],{"class":74},[60,143392,35702],{"class":126},[60,143394,123],{"class":74},[60,143396,142131],{"class":126},[60,143398,130],{"class":74},[60,143400,79],{"class":78},[60,143402,55],{"class":82},[60,143404,79],{"class":78},[60,143406,6362],{"class":74},[60,143408,5773],{"class":4674},[20,143410,1929],{},[51,143412,143414],{"className":53,"code":143413,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,143415,143416],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143417,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432,143434,143436,143438,143440,143442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143419,143],{"class":142},[60,143421,130],{"class":74},[60,143423,35702],{"class":126},[60,143425,123],{"class":74},[60,143427,9637],{"class":126},[60,143429,9634],{"class":74},[60,143431,142131],{"class":126},[60,143433,130],{"class":74},[60,143435,79],{"class":78},[60,143437,55],{"class":82},[60,143439,79],{"class":78},[60,143441,6362],{"class":74},[60,143443,4675],{"class":4674},[415,143445,30643,143447,137977],{"id":143446},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,143448,128683],{},[20,143450,143451],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[51,143453,143455],{"className":53,"code":143454,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,143456,143457,143465,143469,143474],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143458,143459,143461,143463],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143460,3462],{"class":66},[60,143462,71],{"class":70},[60,143464,126000],{"class":1402},[60,143466,143467],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143468,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143470,143471],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143472,143473],{"class":4674},"# This will cause an error:\n",[60,143475,143476],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143477,143478],{"class":4674},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,143480,1929],{},[51,143482,143484],{"className":53,"code":143483,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,143485,143486,143500],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143487,143488,143490,143492,143494,143496,143498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143489,3462],{"class":66},[60,143491,71],{"class":70},[60,143493,49885],{"class":1527},[60,143495,130],{"class":74},[60,143497,51225],{"class":1402},[60,143499,136],{"class":74},[60,143501,143502,143504,143506,143508,143510,143512,143514,143516,143518,143520,143522],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143503,143],{"class":142},[60,143505,130],{"class":74},[60,143507,3487],{"class":126},[60,143509,123],{"class":74},[60,143511,142131],{"class":126},[60,143513,130],{"class":74},[60,143515,79],{"class":78},[60,143517,1432],{"class":82},[60,143519,79],{"class":78},[60,143521,6362],{"class":74},[60,143523,4675],{"class":4674},[415,143525,38192,143527,9702,143529],{"id":143526},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,143528,128683],{},[15,143530,2672],{},[20,143532,143533,143535],{},[15,143534,128683],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,143537,143538,143539,143541,143542,123],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,143540,2672],{}," or methods like ",[551,143543,143544],{"href":125328},[15,143545,125313],{},[51,143547,143549],{"className":53,"code":143548,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,143550,143551,143563,143567,143591],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143552,143553,143555,143557,143559,143561],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143554,35681],{"class":66},[60,143556,71],{"class":70},[60,143558,91],{"class":78},[60,143560,61387],{"class":82},[60,143562,2389],{"class":78},[60,143564,143565],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143566,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143568,143569,143571,143573,143575,143577,143579,143581,143583,143585,143587,143589],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143570,143],{"class":142},[60,143572,130],{"class":74},[60,143574,35702],{"class":126},[60,143576,123],{"class":74},[60,143578,142131],{"class":126},[60,143580,130],{"class":74},[60,143582,79],{"class":78},[60,143584,1017],{"class":82},[60,143586,79],{"class":78},[60,143588,6362],{"class":74},[60,143590,5773],{"class":4674},[60,143592,143593,143595,143597,143599,143601,143603,143605,143607,143609],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143594,143],{"class":142},[60,143596,130],{"class":74},[60,143598,79],{"class":78},[60,143600,1017],{"class":82},[60,143602,79],{"class":78},[60,143604,22168],{"class":2665},[60,143606,43826],{"class":126},[60,143608,2662],{"class":74},[60,143610,143611],{"class":4674},"           # True\n",[20,143613,2569,143614,123],{},[551,143615,128351],{"href":124573},[415,143617,5706,143619,2360,143621,143623],{"id":143618},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,143620,37062],{},[15,143622,53640],{}," use index positions",[20,143625,143626,143627,123],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,143628,3137],{},[51,143630,143632],{"className":53,"code":143631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,143633,143634,143647,143651],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143635,143636,143638,143640,143642,143645],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143637,35681],{"class":66},[60,143639,71],{"class":70},[60,143641,91],{"class":78},[60,143643,143644],{"class":82},"abcdef",[60,143646,2389],{"class":78},[60,143648,143649],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143650,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,143652,143653,143655,143657,143659,143661,143663,143665,143667,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143654,143],{"class":142},[60,143656,130],{"class":74},[60,143658,35702],{"class":126},[60,143660,123],{"class":74},[60,143662,142131],{"class":126},[60,143664,130],{"class":74},[60,143666,79],{"class":78},[60,143668,143669],{"class":82},"cd",[60,143671,79],{"class":78},[60,143673,88],{"class":74},[60,143675,1437],{"class":1402},[60,143677,6362],{"class":74},[60,143679,4675],{"class":4674},[415,143681,143683],{"id":143682},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143685,143686],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143688,17637],{},[51,143690,143692],{"className":53,"code":143691,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143693,143694],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143695,143696],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143697,143691],{"class":4674},[20,143699,17649],{},[51,143701,143703],{"className":53,"code":143702,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143704,143705,143717],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143706,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143708,35681],{"class":66},[60,143710,71],{"class":70},[60,143712,91],{"class":78},[60,143714,83],{"class":82},[60,143716,2389],{"class":78},[60,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733,143735,143737,143739,143741,143744,143746,143748],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143720,143],{"class":142},[60,143722,130],{"class":74},[60,143724,35702],{"class":126},[60,143726,123],{"class":74},[60,143728,142131],{"class":126},[60,143730,6512],{"class":74},[60,143732,79],{"class":78},[60,143734,142242],{"class":82},[60,143736,79],{"class":78},[60,143738,88],{"class":74},[60,143740,91],{"class":78},[60,143742,143743],{"class":82},"Ja",[60,143745,79],{"class":78},[60,143747,52070],{"class":74},[60,143749,4675],{"class":4674},[20,143751,33075],{},[51,143753,143755],{"className":53,"code":143754,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143756,143757,143767,143781,143803,143829],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143758,143759,143761,143763,143765],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143760,143],{"class":142},[60,143762,130],{"class":74},[60,143764,35702],{"class":126},[60,143766,136],{"class":74},[60,143768,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,143770,143],{"class":142},[60,143772,130],{"class":74},[60,143774,2629],{"class":1527},[60,143776,130],{"class":74},[60,143778,35702],{"class":126},[60,143780,1042],{"class":74},[60,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799,143801],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,143784,143],{"class":142},[60,143786,130],{"class":74},[60,143788,35702],{"class":126},[60,143790,123],{"class":74},[60,143792,142131],{"class":126},[60,143794,130],{"class":74},[60,143796,79],{"class":78},[60,143798,142242],{"class":82},[60,143800,79],{"class":78},[60,143802,1042],{"class":74},[60,143804,143805,143807,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819,143821,143823,143825,143827],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,143806,143],{"class":142},[60,143808,130],{"class":74},[60,143810,35702],{"class":126},[60,143812,123],{"class":74},[60,143814,9637],{"class":126},[60,143816,9634],{"class":74},[60,143818,142131],{"class":126},[60,143820,130],{"class":74},[60,143822,79],{"class":78},[60,143824,129761],{"class":82},[60,143826,79],{"class":78},[60,143828,1042],{"class":74},[60,143830,143831,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,143832,143],{"class":142},[60,143834,130],{"class":74},[60,143836,35702],{"class":126},[60,143838,123],{"class":74},[60,143840,142131],{"class":126},[60,143842,6512],{"class":74},[60,143844,79],{"class":78},[60,143846,142242],{"class":82},[60,143848,79],{"class":78},[60,143850,88],{"class":74},[60,143852,91],{"class":78},[60,143854,143743],{"class":82},[60,143856,79],{"class":78},[60,143858,1992],{"class":74},[46,143860,2804],{"id":2803},[415,143862,2808,143864,129161],{"id":143863},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143865,128683],{},[20,143867,143868,143869,3894,143871,123],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143870,4616],{},[15,143872,4685],{},[415,143874,6170,143876,143878],{"id":143875},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143877,128683],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143880,143881],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[51,143883,143885],{"className":53,"code":143884,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143886,143887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,143888,143889,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,143890,35702],{"class":66},[60,143892,123],{"class":74},[60,143894,142131],{"class":126},[60,143896,6512],{"class":74},[60,143898,79],{"class":78},[60,143900,551],{"class":82},[60,143902,79],{"class":78},[60,143904,88],{"class":74},[60,143906,91],{"class":78},[60,143908,2258],{"class":82},[60,143910,79],{"class":78},[60,143912,1042],{"class":74},[415,143914,15896,143916,125654],{"id":143915},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143917,128683],{},[20,143919,130843],{},[415,143921,6180,143923,2360,143925,2863],{"id":143922},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143924,128683],{},[15,143926,2672],{},[20,143928,143929,143931,143932,143934],{},[15,143930,128683],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143933,2672],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[415,143936,2833,143938,2360,143940,9702,143942,2863],{"id":143937},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143939,37062],{},[15,143941,53640],{},[15,143943,128683],{},[20,143945,143946],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[46,143948,2870],{"id":2869},[33,143950,143951,143957,143963,143969,143973],{},[36,143952,143953],{},[551,143954,2883,143955,2887],{"href":130908},[15,143956,127374],{},[36,143958,143959],{},[551,143960,2883,143961,2887],{"href":125328},[15,143962,125313],{},[36,143964,143965],{},[551,143966,2883,143967,2887],{"href":125045},[15,143968,125048],{},[36,143970,143971],{},[551,143972,125717],{"href":124573},[36,143974,143975],{},[551,143976,554],{"href":553},[2912,143978,143979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":142456,"depth":111,"text":142457,"children":143986},[143987,143988,143989,143990],{"id":142294,"depth":139,"text":142294},{"id":37062,"depth":139,"text":37062},{"id":53640,"depth":139,"text":53640},{"id":142623,"depth":139,"text":142624},{"id":18412,"depth":111,"text":18413},{"id":142801,"depth":111,"text":143993},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142955,"depth":111,"text":142956},{"id":124964,"depth":111,"text":124965},{"id":143257,"depth":111,"text":143997},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":143999},[144000,144001,144003,144005,144007],{"id":143363,"depth":139,"text":139495},{"id":143446,"depth":139,"text":144002},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":143526,"depth":139,"text":144004},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143618,"depth":139,"text":144006},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143682,"depth":139,"text":143683},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":144009},[144010,144012,144014,144016,144018],{"id":143863,"depth":139,"text":144011},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143875,"depth":139,"text":144013},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143915,"depth":139,"text":144015},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143922,"depth":139,"text":144017},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143937,"depth":139,"text":144019},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":142077,"description":144021},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":144028,"title":144029,"body":144030,"description":145484,"extension":2980,"meta":145485,"navigation":304,"path":145486,"seo":145487,"stem":145488,"__hash__":145489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":144031,"toc":145454},[144032,144037,144042,144045,144047,144091,144093,144101,144106,144111,144116,144118,144136,144138,144184,144186,144200,144209,144213,144215,144217,144229,144234,144237,144269,144271,144280,144285,144288,144329,144331,144339,144341,144354,144360,144364,144367,144383,144385,144434,144436,144445,144448,144507,144509,144518,144525,144528,144581,144583,144607,144614,144620,144624,144630,144633,144644,144646,144686,144688,144696,144698,144738,144740,144749,144751,144769,144772,144779,144790,144793,144810,144812,144889,144891,144922,144925,144927,144930,144956,144958,144998,145000,145009,145019,145027,145035,145040,145045,145047,145061,145063,145114,145116,145125,145135,145137,145139,145161,145164,145243,145245,145281,145284,145359,145364,145366,145372,145377,145382,145385,145391,145394,145401,145409,145413,145421,145423,145451],[10,144033,13,144035,18],{"id":144034},"python-string-strip-method",[15,144036,42640],{},[20,144038,33310,144039,144041],{},[15,144040,42640],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,144043,144044],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[46,144046,49],{"id":48},[51,144048,144050],{"className":53,"code":144049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,144051,144052,144065,144080],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144063],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144055,35681],{"class":66},[60,144057,71],{"class":70},[60,144059,91],{"class":78},[60,144061,144062],{"class":82},"  hello  ",[60,144064,2389],{"class":78},[60,144066,144067,144070,144072,144074,144076,144078],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144068,144069],{"class":66},"clean_text ",[60,144071,71],{"class":70},[60,144073,43826],{"class":66},[60,144075,123],{"class":74},[60,144077,9631],{"class":126},[60,144079,9640],{"class":74},[60,144081,144082,144084,144086,144089],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144083,143],{"class":142},[60,144085,130],{"class":74},[60,144087,144088],{"class":126},"clean_text",[60,144090,136],{"class":74},[20,144092,153],{},[51,144094,144095],{"className":53,"code":139370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,144096,144097],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144098,144099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144100,139370],{"class":66},[20,144102,171,144103,144105],{},[15,144104,42640],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[46,144107,178,144109,181],{"id":144108},"what-strip-does",[15,144110,42640],{},[20,144112,144113,144115],{},[15,144114,42640],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,144117,14046],{},[33,144119,144120,144124,144127,144130,144133],{},[36,144121,144122,2232],{},[15,144123,42640],{},[36,144125,144126],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[36,144128,144129],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[36,144131,144132],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[36,144134,144135],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,144137,236],{},[51,144139,144141],{"className":53,"code":144140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,144142,144143,144156,144160,144174],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144144,144145,144147,144149,144151,144154],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144146,35681],{"class":66},[60,144148,71],{"class":70},[60,144150,91],{"class":78},[60,144152,144153],{"class":82},"  hello world  ",[60,144155,2389],{"class":78},[60,144157,144158],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144159,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,144161,144162,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144163,143],{"class":142},[60,144165,130],{"class":74},[60,144167,35702],{"class":126},[60,144169,123],{"class":74},[60,144171,9631],{"class":126},[60,144173,8193],{"class":74},[60,144175,144176,144178,144180,144182],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,144177,143],{"class":142},[60,144179,130],{"class":74},[60,144181,35702],{"class":126},[60,144183,136],{"class":74},[20,144185,153],{},[51,144187,144189],{"className":53,"code":144188,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,144190,144191,144195],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144192,144193],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144194,1047],{"class":66},[60,144196,144197],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144198,144199],{"class":66},"  hello world\n",[20,144201,144202,144203,144205,144206,144208],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,144204,42640],{},", but the original ",[15,144207,35702],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,144210,126070,144211,123],{},[551,144212,554],{"href":553},[46,144214,389],{"id":388},[20,144216,27480],{},[33,144218,144219,144224],{},[36,144220,144221],{},[15,144222,144223],{},"string.strip()",[36,144225,144226],{},[15,144227,144228],{},"string.strip(chars)",[415,144230,144232],{"id":144231},"stringstrip",[15,144233,144223],{},[20,144235,144236],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[51,144238,144240],{"className":53,"code":144239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,144241,144242,144255],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144243,144244,144246,144248,144250,144253],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144245,8872],{"class":66},[60,144247,71],{"class":70},[60,144249,91],{"class":78},[60,144251,144252],{"class":82},"  Alice  ",[60,144254,2389],{"class":78},[60,144256,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144258,143],{"class":142},[60,144260,130],{"class":74},[60,144262,8666],{"class":126},[60,144264,123],{"class":74},[60,144266,9631],{"class":126},[60,144268,8193],{"class":74},[20,144270,153],{},[51,144272,144274],{"className":53,"code":144273,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Alice\n",[15,144275,144276],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144277,144278],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144279,144273],{"class":66},[415,144281,144283],{"id":144282},"stringstripchars",[15,144284,144228],{},[20,144286,144287],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[51,144289,144291],{"className":53,"code":144290,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144292,144293,144306],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144294,144295,144297,144299,144301,144304],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144296,35681],{"class":66},[60,144298,71],{"class":70},[60,144300,91],{"class":78},[60,144302,144303],{"class":82},"!!hello??",[60,144305,2389],{"class":78},[60,144307,144308,144310,144312,144314,144316,144318,144320,144322,144325,144327],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144309,143],{"class":142},[60,144311,130],{"class":74},[60,144313,35702],{"class":126},[60,144315,123],{"class":74},[60,144317,9631],{"class":126},[60,144319,130],{"class":74},[60,144321,79],{"class":78},[60,144323,144324],{"class":82},"!?",[60,144326,79],{"class":78},[60,144328,1042],{"class":74},[20,144330,153],{},[51,144332,144333],{"className":53,"code":139370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,144334,144335],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144336,144337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144338,139370],{"class":66},[20,144340,84794],{},[33,144342,144343,144348],{},[36,144344,144345,144347],{},[15,144346,1299],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[36,144349,144350,144351,144353],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,144352,1299],{}," does not matter",[46,144355,144357,144358],{"id":144356},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,144359,42640],{},[20,144361,31877,144362,123],{},[15,144363,42640],{},[20,144365,144366],{},"It is useful for:",[33,144368,144369,144374,144377,144380],{},[36,144370,144371,144372,1533],{},"Cleaning ",[15,144373,3974],{},[36,144375,144376],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[36,144378,144379],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[36,144381,144382],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,144384,49343],{},[51,144386,144388],{"className":53,"code":144387,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,144389,144390,144403,144419,144423],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144391,144392,144394,144396,144398,144401],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144393,8956],{"class":66},[60,144395,71],{"class":70},[60,144397,91],{"class":78},[60,144399,144400],{"class":82},"  sam  ",[60,144402,2389],{"class":78},[60,144404,144405,144408,144410,144413,144415,144417],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144406,144407],{"class":66},"clean_username ",[60,144409,71],{"class":70},[60,144411,144412],{"class":66}," username",[60,144414,123],{"class":74},[60,144416,9631],{"class":126},[60,144418,9640],{"class":74},[60,144420,144421],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144422,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,144424,144425,144427,144429,144432],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,144426,143],{"class":142},[60,144428,130],{"class":74},[60,144430,144431],{"class":126},"clean_username",[60,144433,136],{"class":74},[20,144435,153],{},[51,144437,144439],{"className":53,"code":144438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sam\n",[15,144440,144441],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144442,144443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144444,144438],{"class":66},[20,144446,144447],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[51,144449,144451],{"className":53,"code":144450,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144452,144453,144466,144470,144492],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144454,144455,144457,144459,144461,144464],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144456,137298],{"class":66},[60,144458,71],{"class":70},[60,144460,91],{"class":78},[60,144462,144463],{"class":82}," yes  ",[60,144465,2389],{"class":78},[60,144467,144468],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144469,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,144471,144472,144474,144476,144478,144480,144482,144484,144486,144488,144490],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144473,7996],{"class":2665},[60,144475,137318],{"class":66},[60,144477,123],{"class":74},[60,144479,9631],{"class":126},[60,144481,8363],{"class":74},[60,144483,7407],{"class":70},[60,144485,91],{"class":78},[60,144487,9655],{"class":82},[60,144489,79],{"class":78},[60,144491,7392],{"class":74},[60,144493,144494,144496,144498,144500,144503,144505],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,144495,9064],{"class":142},[60,144497,130],{"class":74},[60,144499,79],{"class":78},[60,144501,144502],{"class":82},"Matched",[60,144504,79],{"class":78},[60,144506,136],{"class":74},[20,144508,153],{},[51,144510,144512],{"className":53,"code":144511,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Matched\n",[15,144513,144514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144515,144516],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144517,144511],{"class":66},[20,144519,144520,144521,123],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[551,144522,144524],{"href":144523},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,144526,144527],{},"Example with file-style text:",[51,144529,144531],{"className":53,"code":144530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,144532,144533,144549,144563],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144534,144535,144538,144540,144542,144545,144547],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144536,144537],{"class":66},"line ",[60,144539,71],{"class":70},[60,144541,91],{"class":78},[60,144543,144544],{"class":82},"Python basics",[60,144546,88126],{"class":1313},[60,144548,2389],{"class":78},[60,144550,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559,144561],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144552,143],{"class":142},[60,144554,130],{"class":74},[60,144556,42766],{"class":142},[60,144558,130],{"class":74},[60,144560,62],{"class":126},[60,144562,1042],{"class":74},[60,144564,144565,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144566,143],{"class":142},[60,144568,130],{"class":74},[60,144570,42766],{"class":142},[60,144572,130],{"class":74},[60,144574,62],{"class":126},[60,144576,123],{"class":74},[60,144578,9631],{"class":126},[60,144580,7288],{"class":74},[20,144582,153],{},[51,144584,144586],{"className":53,"code":144585,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,144587,144588,144599],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144589,144590,144592,144594,144597],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144591,356],{"class":2275},[60,144593,144544],{"class":2278},[60,144595,88126],{"class":144596},"sfi6f",[60,144598,30693],{"class":2275},[60,144600,144601,144603,144605],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144602,356],{"class":2275},[60,144604,144544],{"class":2278},[60,144606,30693],{"class":2275},[20,144608,9413,144609,144611,144612,123],{},[15,144610,123534],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,144613,88126],{},[20,144615,144616,144617,123],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[551,144618,144619],{"href":88779},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[46,144621,144623],{"id":144622},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,144625,144626,144627,123],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,144628,144629],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,144631,144632],{},"Python will:",[33,144634,144635,144638,144641],{},[36,144636,144637],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[36,144639,144640],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[36,144642,144643],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144645,236],{},[51,144647,144649],{"className":53,"code":144648,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144650,144651,144664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144652,144653,144655,144657,144659,144662],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144654,35681],{"class":66},[60,144656,71],{"class":70},[60,144658,91],{"class":78},[60,144660,144661],{"class":82},"??hello!!",[60,144663,2389],{"class":78},[60,144665,144666,144668,144670,144672,144674,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144667,143],{"class":142},[60,144669,130],{"class":74},[60,144671,35702],{"class":126},[60,144673,123],{"class":74},[60,144675,9631],{"class":126},[60,144677,130],{"class":74},[60,144679,79],{"class":78},[60,144681,144324],{"class":82},[60,144683,79],{"class":78},[60,144685,1042],{"class":74},[20,144687,153],{},[51,144689,144690],{"className":53,"code":139370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,144691,144692],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144693,144694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144695,139370],{"class":66},[20,144697,53059],{},[51,144699,144701],{"className":53,"code":144700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144702,144703,144716],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144704,144705,144707,144709,144711,144714],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144706,35681],{"class":66},[60,144708,71],{"class":70},[60,144710,91],{"class":78},[60,144712,144713],{"class":82},"abcHelloCba",[60,144715,2389],{"class":78},[60,144717,144718,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144719,143],{"class":142},[60,144721,130],{"class":74},[60,144723,35702],{"class":126},[60,144725,123],{"class":74},[60,144727,9631],{"class":126},[60,144729,130],{"class":74},[60,144731,79],{"class":78},[60,144733,42547],{"class":82},[60,144735,79],{"class":78},[60,144737,1042],{"class":74},[20,144739,153],{},[51,144741,144743],{"className":53,"code":144742,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HelloC\n",[15,144744,144745],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144746,144747],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144748,144742],{"class":66},[20,144750,7234],{},[20,144752,144753,15046,144756,144758,144759,144761,144762,287,144764,432,144766,144768],{},[15,144754,144755],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[4753,144757,5632],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144760,42547],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144763,551],{},[15,144765,2258],{},[15,144767,1895],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144770,144771],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144773,144774,144775,2225],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[551,144776,144777],{"href":130895},[15,144778,125489],{},[46,144780,144782,11583,144784,11583,144787],{"id":144781},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144783,42640],{},[15,144785,144786],{},"lstrip()",[15,144788,144789],{},"rstrip()",[20,144791,144792],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[33,144794,144795,144800,144805],{},[36,144796,144797,144799],{},[15,144798,42640],{}," removes from both ends",[36,144801,144802,144804],{},[15,144803,144786],{}," removes from the left side only",[36,144806,144807,144809],{},[15,144808,144789],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144811,236],{},[51,144813,144815],{"className":53,"code":144814,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144816,144817,144829,144833,144851,144870],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144818,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144820,35681],{"class":66},[60,144822,71],{"class":70},[60,144824,91],{"class":78},[60,144826,144062],{"class":82},[60,144828,2389],{"class":78},[60,144830,144831],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144832,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,144834,144835,144837,144839,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144836,143],{"class":142},[60,144838,130],{"class":74},[60,144840,42766],{"class":142},[60,144842,130],{"class":74},[60,144844,35702],{"class":126},[60,144846,123],{"class":74},[60,144848,9631],{"class":126},[60,144850,7288],{"class":74},[60,144852,144853,144855,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865,144868],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,144854,143],{"class":142},[60,144856,130],{"class":74},[60,144858,42766],{"class":142},[60,144860,130],{"class":74},[60,144862,35702],{"class":126},[60,144864,123],{"class":74},[60,144866,144867],{"class":126},"lstrip",[60,144869,7288],{"class":74},[60,144871,144872,144874,144876,144878,144880,144882,144884,144887],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,144873,143],{"class":142},[60,144875,130],{"class":74},[60,144877,42766],{"class":142},[60,144879,130],{"class":74},[60,144881,35702],{"class":126},[60,144883,123],{"class":74},[60,144885,144886],{"class":126},"rstrip",[60,144888,7288],{"class":74},[20,144890,153],{},[51,144892,144894],{"className":53,"code":144893,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144895,144896,144904,144913],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144897,144898,144900,144902],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144899,356],{"class":2275},[60,144901,1008],{"class":2278},[60,144903,30693],{"class":2275},[60,144905,144906,144908,144911],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144907,356],{"class":2275},[60,144909,144910],{"class":2278},"hello  ",[60,144912,30693],{"class":2275},[60,144914,144915,144917,144920],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,144916,356],{"class":2275},[60,144918,144919],{"class":2278},"  hello",[60,144921,30693],{"class":2275},[20,144923,144924],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[46,144926,109332],{"id":109331},[20,144928,144929],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[33,144931,144932,144940,144950,144953],{},[36,144933,144934,144936,144937,144939],{},[15,144935,144755],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144938,42516],{}," once",[36,144941,144942,144943,287,144945,432,144947,144949],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144944,551],{},[15,144946,2258],{},[15,144948,1895],{}," from both ends",[36,144951,144952],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[36,144954,144955],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144957,236],{},[51,144959,144961],{"className":53,"code":144960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144962,144963,144976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,144964,144965,144967,144969,144971,144974],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,144966,127399],{"class":66},[60,144968,71],{"class":70},[60,144970,91],{"class":78},[60,144972,144973],{"class":82},"txt_report.txt",[60,144975,2389],{"class":78},[60,144977,144978,144980,144982,144984,144986,144988,144990,144992,144994,144996],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,144979,143],{"class":142},[60,144981,130],{"class":74},[60,144983,127417],{"class":126},[60,144985,123],{"class":74},[60,144987,9631],{"class":126},[60,144989,130],{"class":74},[60,144991,79],{"class":78},[60,144993,127452],{"class":82},[60,144995,79],{"class":78},[60,144997,1042],{"class":74},[20,144999,153],{},[51,145001,145003],{"className":53,"code":145002,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"_report\n",[15,145004,145005],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145006,145007],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145008,145002],{"class":66},[20,145010,145011,145012,287,145014,432,145016,145018],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,145013,123],{},[15,145015,794],{},[15,145017,3191],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,145020,54633,145021,5785,145024,145026],{},[15,145022,145023],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[4753,145025,5632],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,145028,145029,145030,145034],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[551,145031,145032],{"href":130895},[15,145033,125489],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[46,145036,5963,145038],{"id":145037},"when-to-use-strip",[15,145039,42640],{},[20,145041,171,145042,145044],{},[15,145043,42640],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,145046,37414],{},[33,145048,145049,145053,145055,145058],{},[36,145050,144371,145051,1533],{},[15,145052,3974],{},[36,145054,144376],{},[36,145056,145057],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[36,145059,145060],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,145062,236],{},[51,145064,145066],{"className":53,"code":145065,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,145067,145068,145082,145086,145099],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145069,145070,145073,145075,145077,145080],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145071,145072],{"class":66},"email ",[60,145074,71],{"class":70},[60,145076,91],{"class":78},[60,145078,145079],{"class":82},"  user@example.com  ",[60,145081,2389],{"class":78},[60,145083,145084],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145085,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145087,145088,145090,145093,145095,145097],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145089,7996],{"class":2665},[60,145091,145092],{"class":66}," email",[60,145094,123],{"class":74},[60,145096,9631],{"class":126},[60,145098,22590],{"class":74},[60,145100,145101,145103,145105,145107,145110,145112],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145102,9064],{"class":142},[60,145104,130],{"class":74},[60,145106,79],{"class":78},[60,145108,145109],{"class":82},"Email was entered",[60,145111,79],{"class":78},[60,145113,136],{"class":74},[20,145115,153],{},[51,145117,145119],{"className":53,"code":145118,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Email was entered\n",[15,145120,145121],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145122,145123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145124,145118],{"class":66},[20,145126,145127,145128,145130,145131,123],{},"You may also combine ",[15,145129,42640],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[551,145132,145133],{"href":125045},[15,145134,125048],{},[46,145136,3845],{"id":3844},[20,145138,85213],{},[33,145140,145141,145145,145150,145155],{},[36,145142,9449,145143,132533],{},[15,145144,42640],{},[36,145146,9449,145147,145149],{},[15,145148,42640],{}," to remove text from the middle",[36,145151,9413,145152,145154],{},[15,145153,145023],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[36,145156,5706,145157,145160],{},[15,145158,145159],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,145162,145163],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[51,145165,145167],{"className":53,"code":145166,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,145168,145169,145183,145187,145197,145211,145225],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145170,145171,145173,145175,145177,145179,145181],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145172,35681],{"class":66},[60,145174,71],{"class":70},[60,145176,91],{"class":78},[60,145178,144919],{"class":82},[60,145180,88126],{"class":1313},[60,145182,2389],{"class":78},[60,145184,145185],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145186,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145188,145189,145191,145193,145195],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145190,143],{"class":142},[60,145192,130],{"class":74},[60,145194,35702],{"class":126},[60,145196,136],{"class":74},[60,145198,145199,145201,145203,145205,145207,145209],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145200,143],{"class":142},[60,145202,130],{"class":74},[60,145204,42766],{"class":142},[60,145206,130],{"class":74},[60,145208,35702],{"class":126},[60,145210,1042],{"class":74},[60,145212,145213,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,145214,143],{"class":142},[60,145216,130],{"class":74},[60,145218,35702],{"class":126},[60,145220,123],{"class":74},[60,145222,9631],{"class":126},[60,145224,8193],{"class":74},[60,145226,145227,145229,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,145228,143],{"class":142},[60,145230,130],{"class":74},[60,145232,42766],{"class":142},[60,145234,130],{"class":74},[60,145236,35702],{"class":126},[60,145238,123],{"class":74},[60,145240,9631],{"class":126},[60,145242,7288],{"class":74},[20,145244,153],{},[51,145246,145248],{"className":53,"code":145247,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,145249,145250,145255,145259,145269,145273],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145251,145252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145253,145254],{"class":66},"  hello\n",[60,145256,145257],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145258,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145260,145261,145263,145265,145267],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145262,356],{"class":2275},[60,145264,144919],{"class":2278},[60,145266,88126],{"class":144596},[60,145268,30693],{"class":2275},[60,145270,145271],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145272,139370],{"class":66},[60,145274,145275,145277,145279],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,145276,356],{"class":2275},[60,145278,1008],{"class":2278},[60,145280,30693],{"class":2275},[20,145282,145283],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[51,145285,145287],{"className":53,"code":145286,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,145288,145289,145299,145313,145327,145345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145290,145291,145293,145295,145297],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145292,143],{"class":142},[60,145294,130],{"class":74},[60,145296,35702],{"class":126},[60,145298,136],{"class":74},[60,145300,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309,145311],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145302,143],{"class":142},[60,145304,130],{"class":74},[60,145306,42766],{"class":142},[60,145308,130],{"class":74},[60,145310,35702],{"class":126},[60,145312,1042],{"class":74},[60,145314,145315,145317,145319,145321,145323,145325],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145316,143],{"class":142},[60,145318,130],{"class":74},[60,145320,35702],{"class":126},[60,145322,123],{"class":74},[60,145324,9631],{"class":126},[60,145326,8193],{"class":74},[60,145328,145329,145331,145333,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145330,143],{"class":142},[60,145332,130],{"class":74},[60,145334,42766],{"class":142},[60,145336,130],{"class":74},[60,145338,35702],{"class":126},[60,145340,123],{"class":74},[60,145342,9631],{"class":126},[60,145344,7288],{"class":74},[60,145346,145347,145349,145351,145353,145355,145357],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,145348,33145],{"class":142},[60,145350,130],{"class":74},[60,145352,1528],{"class":1527},[60,145354,123],{"class":74},[60,145356,9631],{"class":25743},[60,145358,136],{"class":74},[20,145360,145361,145363],{},[15,145362,123534],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[46,145365,2804],{"id":2803},[415,145367,2808,145369,145371],{"id":145368},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,145370,42640],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,145373,47347,145374,145376],{},[15,145375,42640],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[415,145378,2808,145380,125645],{"id":145379},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,145381,42640],{},[20,145383,145384],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[415,145386,2846,145388,145390],{"id":145387},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,145389,42640],{}," remove by default?",[20,145392,145393],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[415,145395,35199,145397,35202,145399,2863],{"id":145396},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,145398,42640],{},[15,145400,125489],{},[20,145402,145403,145405,145406,145408],{},[15,145404,42640],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,145407,125489],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[415,145410,145412],{"id":145411},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,145414,129188,145415,145417,145418,145420],{},[15,145416,144786],{}," for the left side and ",[15,145419,144789],{}," for the right side.",[46,145422,2870],{"id":2869},[33,145424,145425,145431,145437,145442,145447],{},[36,145426,145427],{},[551,145428,2883,145429,2887],{"href":125045},[15,145430,125048],{},[36,145432,145433],{},[551,145434,2883,145435,2887],{"href":130895},[15,145436,125489],{},[36,145438,145439],{},[551,145440,145441],{"href":144523},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[36,145443,145444],{},[551,145445,145446],{"href":88779},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[36,145448,145449],{},[551,145450,554],{"href":553},[2912,145452,145453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":145455},[145456,145457,145459,145463,145465,145466,145468,145469,145471,145472,145483],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":144108,"depth":111,"text":145458},"What strip() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":145460},[145461,145462],{"id":144231,"depth":139,"text":144223},{"id":144282,"depth":139,"text":144228},{"id":144356,"depth":111,"text":145464},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144622,"depth":111,"text":144623},{"id":144781,"depth":111,"text":145467},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":109331,"depth":111,"text":109332},{"id":145037,"depth":111,"text":145470},"When to use strip()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":145473},[145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"id":145368,"depth":139,"text":145475},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":145379,"depth":139,"text":145477},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":145387,"depth":139,"text":145479},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":145396,"depth":139,"text":145481},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":145411,"depth":139,"text":145412},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":144029,"description":145484},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":145491,"title":145492,"body":145493,"description":146673,"extension":2980,"meta":146674,"navigation":304,"path":146675,"seo":146676,"stem":146677,"__hash__":146678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":145494,"toc":146643},[145495,145500,145505,145510,145512,145558,145566,145571,145585,145591,145593,145595,145610,145612,145622,145625,145656,145659,145682,145684,145687,145744,145746,145760,145762,145776,145782,145787,145790,145831,145833,145842,145850,145853,145898,145900,145909,145912,145916,145921,145935,145937,145969,145971,145991,145994,145999,146004,146006,146017,146020,146077,146079,146087,146096,146098,146100,146106,146108,146145,146147,146155,146157,146198,146200,146209,146214,146219,146221,146248,146255,146258,146289,146291,146300,146306,146315,146346,146348,146360,146373,146377,146382,146412,146414,146481,146483,146493,146495,146500,146503,146508,146513,146517,146523,146529,146532,146534,146592,146594,146602,146604,146640],[10,145496,13,145498,18],{"id":145497},"python-string-upper-method",[15,145499,129193],{},[20,145501,22,145502,145504],{},[15,145503,129193],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,145506,85590,145507,145509],{},[15,145508,129193],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[46,145511,3022],{"id":3021},[51,145513,145515],{"className":53,"code":145514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145516,145517,145529,145543,145553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145518,145519,145521,145523,145525,145527],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145520,35681],{"class":66},[60,145522,71],{"class":70},[60,145524,91],{"class":78},[60,145526,130033],{"class":82},[60,145528,2389],{"class":78},[60,145530,145531,145533,145535,145537,145539,145541],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145532,114],{"class":66},[60,145534,71],{"class":70},[60,145536,43826],{"class":66},[60,145538,123],{"class":74},[60,145540,35471],{"class":126},[60,145542,9640],{"class":74},[60,145544,145545,145547,145549,145551],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145546,143],{"class":142},[60,145548,130],{"class":74},[60,145550,148],{"class":126},[60,145552,136],{"class":74},[60,145554,145555],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145556,145557],{"class":4674},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,145559,145560,145562,145563,145565],{},[15,145561,129193],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[4753,145564,5632],{}," change the original string in place.",[46,145567,178,145569,181],{"id":145568},"what-upper-does",[15,145570,129193],{},[33,145572,145573,145578,145581,145583],{},[36,145574,145575,145577],{},[15,145576,129193],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[36,145579,145580],{},"It works on string values only",[36,145582,230],{},[36,145584,137021],{},[20,145586,126070,145587,3894,145589,123],{},[551,145588,137027],{"href":137026},[551,145590,554],{"href":553},[46,145592,389],{"id":388},[20,145594,3177],{},[51,145596,145598],{"className":53,"code":145597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"string.upper()\n",[15,145599,145600],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145601,145602,145604,145606,145608],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145603,1179],{"class":66},[60,145605,123],{"class":74},[60,145607,35471],{"class":126},[60,145609,9640],{"class":74},[20,145611,189],{},[33,145613,145614,145616,145619],{},[36,145615,98497],{},[36,145617,145618],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[36,145620,145621],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,145623,145624],{},"Example with a variable:",[51,145626,145628],{"className":53,"code":145627,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,145629,145630,145642],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145631,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145633,8872],{"class":66},[60,145635,71],{"class":70},[60,145637,91],{"class":78},[60,145639,55],{"class":82},[60,145641,2389],{"class":78},[60,145643,145644,145646,145648,145650,145652,145654],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145645,143],{"class":142},[60,145647,130],{"class":74},[60,145649,8666],{"class":126},[60,145651,123],{"class":74},[60,145653,35471],{"class":126},[60,145655,8193],{"class":74},[20,145657,145658],{},"Example with a string literal:",[51,145660,145662],{"className":53,"code":145661,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145663,145664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145665,145666,145668,145670,145672,145674,145676,145678,145680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145667,143],{"class":142},[60,145669,130],{"class":74},[60,145671,79],{"class":78},[60,145673,1008],{"class":82},[60,145675,79],{"class":78},[60,145677,123],{"class":74},[60,145679,35471],{"class":126},[60,145681,8193],{"class":74},[46,145683,12470],{"id":12469},[20,145685,145686],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[51,145688,145690],{"className":53,"code":145689,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145691,145692,145704,145719,145723,145733],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145693,145694,145696,145698,145700,145702],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145695,7154],{"class":66},[60,145697,71],{"class":70},[60,145699,91],{"class":78},[60,145701,1619],{"class":82},[60,145703,2389],{"class":78},[60,145705,145706,145709,145711,145713,145715,145717],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145707,145708],{"class":66},"uppercase_word ",[60,145710,71],{"class":70},[60,145712,39369],{"class":66},[60,145714,123],{"class":74},[60,145716,35471],{"class":126},[60,145718,9640],{"class":74},[60,145720,145721],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145722,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145724,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145726,143],{"class":142},[60,145728,130],{"class":74},[60,145730,39379],{"class":126},[60,145732,136],{"class":74},[60,145734,145735,145737,145739,145742],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,145736,143],{"class":142},[60,145738,130],{"class":74},[60,145740,145741],{"class":126},"uppercase_word",[60,145743,136],{"class":74},[20,145745,153],{},[51,145747,145749],{"className":53,"code":145748,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145750,145751,145755],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145752,145753],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145754,71381],{"class":66},[60,145756,145757],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145758,145759],{"class":1313},"BANANA\n",[20,145761,113438],{},[33,145763,145764,145769],{},[36,145765,145766,145768],{},[15,145767,39379],{}," keeps its original value",[36,145770,145771,145773,145774],{},[15,145772,145741],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145775,129193],{},[46,145777,145779,145781],{"id":145778},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145780,129193],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145783,137687,145784,145786],{},[4753,145785,137690],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145788,145789],{},"So this method:",[51,145791,145793],{"className":53,"code":145792,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145794,145795,145807,145817,145821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145796,145797,145799,145801,145803,145805],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145798,8872],{"class":66},[60,145800,71],{"class":70},[60,145802,91],{"class":78},[60,145804,18796],{"class":82},[60,145806,2389],{"class":78},[60,145808,145809,145811,145813,145815],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145810,8666],{"class":66},[60,145812,123],{"class":74},[60,145814,35471],{"class":126},[60,145816,9640],{"class":74},[60,145818,145819],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145820,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145822,145823,145825,145827,145829],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145824,143],{"class":142},[60,145826,130],{"class":74},[60,145828,8666],{"class":126},[60,145830,136],{"class":74},[20,145832,153],{},[51,145834,145836],{"className":53,"code":145835,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"alice\n",[15,145837,145838],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145839,145840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145841,145835],{"class":66},[20,145843,21972,145844,145846,145847,145849],{},[15,145845,129193],{}," was called, ",[15,145848,8666],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145851,145852],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[51,145854,145856],{"className":53,"code":145855,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145857,145858,145870,145884,145888],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866,145868],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145861,8872],{"class":66},[60,145863,71],{"class":70},[60,145865,91],{"class":78},[60,145867,18796],{"class":82},[60,145869,2389],{"class":78},[60,145871,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880,145882],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145873,8872],{"class":66},[60,145875,71],{"class":70},[60,145877,36982],{"class":66},[60,145879,123],{"class":74},[60,145881,35471],{"class":126},[60,145883,9640],{"class":74},[60,145885,145886],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,145887,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,145889,145890,145892,145894,145896],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,145891,143],{"class":142},[60,145893,130],{"class":74},[60,145895,8666],{"class":126},[60,145897,136],{"class":74},[20,145899,153],{},[51,145901,145903],{"className":53,"code":145902,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ALICE\n",[15,145904,145905],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145906,145907],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145908,145902],{"class":1313},[20,145910,145911],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[46,145913,145915],{"id":145914},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145917,145918,145920],{},[15,145919,129193],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[33,145922,145923,145926,145929,145932],{},[36,145924,145925],{},"Numbers stay the same",[36,145927,145928],{},"Spaces stay the same",[36,145930,145931],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[36,145933,145934],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145936,236],{},[51,145938,145940],{"className":53,"code":145939,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145941,145942,145955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145943,145944,145946,145948,145950,145953],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145945,35681],{"class":66},[60,145947,71],{"class":70},[60,145949,91],{"class":78},[60,145951,145952],{"class":82},"Room 7, table #3!",[60,145954,2389],{"class":78},[60,145956,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,145958,143],{"class":142},[60,145960,130],{"class":74},[60,145962,35702],{"class":126},[60,145964,123],{"class":74},[60,145966,35471],{"class":126},[60,145968,8193],{"class":74},[20,145970,153],{},[51,145972,145974],{"className":53,"code":145973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145975,145976],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,145977,145978,145981,145983,145985,145988],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,145979,145980],{"class":1313},"ROOM",[60,145982,6994],{"class":1402},[60,145984,88],{"class":74},[60,145986,145987],{"class":1313}," TABLE",[60,145989,145990],{"class":4674}," #3!\n",[20,145992,145993],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[46,145995,5963,145997],{"id":145996},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145998,129193],{},[20,146000,146001,146003],{},[15,146002,129193],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,146005,49321],{},[33,146007,146008,146011,146014],{},[36,146009,146010],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[36,146012,146013],{},"Format labels or headings",[36,146015,146016],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,146018,146019],{},"Example: simple comparison",[51,146021,146023],{"className":53,"code":146022,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,146024,146025,146037,146041,146063],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146026,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146028,137298],{"class":66},[60,146030,71],{"class":70},[60,146032,91],{"class":78},[60,146034,9655],{"class":82},[60,146036,2389],{"class":78},[60,146038,146039],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146040,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,146042,146043,146045,146047,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146044,7996],{"class":2665},[60,146046,137318],{"class":66},[60,146048,123],{"class":74},[60,146050,35471],{"class":126},[60,146052,8363],{"class":74},[60,146054,7407],{"class":70},[60,146056,91],{"class":78},[60,146058,137305],{"class":82},[60,146060,79],{"class":78},[60,146062,7392],{"class":74},[60,146064,146065,146067,146069,146071,146073,146075],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,146066,9064],{"class":142},[60,146068,130],{"class":74},[60,146070,79],{"class":78},[60,146072,144502],{"class":82},[60,146074,79],{"class":78},[60,146076,136],{"class":74},[20,146078,153],{},[51,146080,146081],{"className":53,"code":144511,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146082,146083],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146084,146085],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146086,144511],{"class":66},[20,146088,146089,146090,287,146092,432,146094,123],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,146091,9655],{},[15,146093,138091],{},[15,146095,137305],{},[46,146097,3845],{"id":3844},[415,146099,96859],{"id":96858},[20,146101,9111,146102,146105],{},[15,146103,146104],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,146107,17637],{},[51,146109,146111],{"className":53,"code":146110,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146112,146113,146125,146135],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146114,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146116,35681],{"class":66},[60,146118,71],{"class":70},[60,146120,91],{"class":78},[60,146122,1008],{"class":82},[60,146124,2389],{"class":78},[60,146126,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146128,35702],{"class":66},[60,146130,123],{"class":74},[60,146132,35471],{"class":126},[60,146134,9640],{"class":74},[60,146136,146137,146139,146141,146143],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146138,143],{"class":142},[60,146140,130],{"class":74},[60,146142,35702],{"class":126},[60,146144,136],{"class":74},[20,146146,153],{},[51,146148,146149],{"className":53,"code":139370,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146150,146151],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146152,146153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146154,139370],{"class":66},[20,146156,17649],{},[51,146158,146160],{"className":53,"code":146159,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,146161,146162,146174,146188],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146163,146164,146166,146168,146170,146172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146165,35681],{"class":66},[60,146167,71],{"class":70},[60,146169,91],{"class":78},[60,146171,1008],{"class":82},[60,146173,2389],{"class":78},[60,146175,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146177,35681],{"class":66},[60,146179,71],{"class":70},[60,146181,43826],{"class":66},[60,146183,123],{"class":74},[60,146185,35471],{"class":126},[60,146187,9640],{"class":74},[60,146189,146190,146192,146194,146196],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146191,143],{"class":142},[60,146193,130],{"class":74},[60,146195,35702],{"class":126},[60,146197,136],{"class":74},[20,146199,153],{},[51,146201,146203],{"className":53,"code":146202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO\n",[15,146204,146205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146206,146207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146208,146202],{"class":1313},[415,146210,19901,146212,137977],{"id":146211},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,146213,129193],{},[20,146215,146216,146218],{},[15,146217,129193],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,146220,236],{},[51,146222,146224],{"className":53,"code":146223,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,146225,146226,146234],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146227,146228,146230,146232],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146229,3233],{"class":66},[60,146231,71],{"class":70},[60,146233,126000],{"class":1402},[60,146235,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146237,143],{"class":142},[60,146239,130],{"class":74},[60,146241,3255],{"class":126},[60,146243,123],{"class":74},[60,146245,35471],{"class":126},[60,146247,8193],{"class":74},[20,146249,40641,146250,146252,146253,34594],{},[15,146251,3206],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,146254,129193],{},[20,146256,146257],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[51,146259,146261],{"className":53,"code":146260,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,146262,146263,146271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146264,146265,146267,146269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146266,3233],{"class":66},[60,146268,71],{"class":70},[60,146270,126000],{"class":1402},[60,146272,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146274,143],{"class":142},[60,146276,130],{"class":74},[60,146278,1528],{"class":1527},[60,146280,130],{"class":74},[60,146282,3255],{"class":126},[60,146284,9628],{"class":74},[60,146286,35471],{"class":126},[60,146288,8193],{"class":74},[20,146290,153],{},[51,146292,146294],{"className":53,"code":146293,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"123\n",[15,146295,146296],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146297,146298],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146299,146293],{"class":1402},[415,146301,38192,146303,146305],{"id":146302},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,146304,129193],{}," with title case",[20,146307,146308,146310,146311,146314],{},[15,146309,129193],{}," makes ",[4753,146312,146313],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[51,146316,146318],{"className":53,"code":146317,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,146319,146320,146332],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146321,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146323,35681],{"class":66},[60,146325,71],{"class":70},[60,146327,91],{"class":78},[60,146329,61387],{"class":82},[60,146331,2389],{"class":78},[60,146333,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146335,143],{"class":142},[60,146337,130],{"class":74},[60,146339,35702],{"class":126},[60,146341,123],{"class":74},[60,146343,35471],{"class":126},[60,146345,8193],{"class":74},[20,146347,153],{},[51,146349,146351],{"className":53,"code":146350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,146352,146353],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146354,146355,146357],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146356,137079],{"class":1313},[60,146358,146359],{"class":1313}," WORLD\n",[20,146361,146362,146363,146367,146368,146372],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[551,146364,146365],{"href":125045},[15,146366,125048],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[551,146369,146370],{"href":130895},[15,146371,125489],{}," changes parts of a string.",[46,146374,146376],{"id":146375},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,146378,146379,146380,3901],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,146381,129193],{},[33,146383,146384,146391,146398,146405],{},[36,146385,146386,146390],{},[551,146387,146388],{"href":125045},[15,146389,125048],{}," for lowercase text",[36,146392,146393,146397],{},[551,146394,146395],{"href":137625},[15,146396,42640],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[36,146399,146400,146404],{},[551,146401,146402],{"href":130895},[15,146403,125489],{}," for changing parts of a string",[36,146406,146407,2360,146409,146411],{},[15,146408,128683],{},[15,146410,127374],{}," for checks",[20,146413,236],{},[51,146415,146417],{"className":53,"code":146416,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,146418,146419,146431,146435,146450,146466,146470],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146420,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146422,35681],{"class":66},[60,146424,71],{"class":70},[60,146426,91],{"class":78},[60,146428,144153],{"class":82},[60,146430,2389],{"class":78},[60,146432,146433],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146434,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,146436,146437,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146438,146439],{"class":66},"cleaned ",[60,146441,71],{"class":70},[60,146443,43826],{"class":66},[60,146445,123],{"class":74},[60,146447,9631],{"class":126},[60,146449,9640],{"class":74},[60,146451,146452,146455,146457,146460,146462,146464],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,146453,146454],{"class":66},"loud ",[60,146456,71],{"class":70},[60,146458,146459],{"class":66}," cleaned",[60,146461,123],{"class":74},[60,146463,35471],{"class":126},[60,146465,9640],{"class":74},[60,146467,146468],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,146469,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,146471,146472,146474,146476,146479],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,146473,143],{"class":142},[60,146475,130],{"class":74},[60,146477,146478],{"class":126},"loud",[60,146480,136],{"class":74},[20,146482,153],{},[51,146484,146485],{"className":53,"code":146350,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146486,146487],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146488,146489,146491],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146490,137079],{"class":1313},[60,146492,146359],{"class":1313},[46,146494,2804],{"id":2803},[415,146496,2808,146498,125645],{"id":146497},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,146499,129193],{},[20,146501,146502],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[415,146504,2808,146506,138359],{"id":146505},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,146507,129193],{},[20,146509,146510,146511,123],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,146512,146104],{},[415,146514,146516],{"id":146515},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,146518,146519,146520,146522],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,146521,129193],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[415,146524,2833,146526,146528],{"id":146525},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,146527,129193],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,146530,146531],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,146533,236],{},[51,146535,146537],{"className":53,"code":146536,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,146538,146539,146551,146564,146568],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146542,3569],{"class":66},[60,146544,71],{"class":70},[60,146546,91],{"class":78},[60,146548,55],{"class":82},[60,146550,2389],{"class":78},[60,146552,146553,146555,146557,146559,146562],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146554,3596],{"class":66},[60,146556,71],{"class":70},[60,146558,91],{"class":78},[60,146560,146561],{"class":82},"PYTHON",[60,146563,2389],{"class":78},[60,146565,146566],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146567,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,146569,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,146571,143],{"class":142},[60,146573,130],{"class":74},[60,146575,551],{"class":126},[60,146577,123],{"class":74},[60,146579,35471],{"class":126},[60,146581,8363],{"class":74},[60,146583,7407],{"class":70},[60,146585,3574],{"class":126},[60,146587,123],{"class":74},[60,146589,35471],{"class":126},[60,146591,8193],{"class":74},[20,146593,153],{},[51,146595,146596],{"className":53,"code":4983,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146597,146598],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146599,146600],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146601,4983],{"class":1611},[46,146603,2870],{"id":2869},[33,146605,146606,146610,146616,146622,146628,146632,146636],{},[36,146607,146608],{},[551,146609,554],{"href":553},[36,146611,146612],{},[551,146613,2883,146614,2887],{"href":125045},[15,146615,125048],{},[36,146617,146618],{},[551,146619,2883,146620,2887],{"href":137625},[15,146621,42640],{},[36,146623,146624],{},[551,146625,2883,146626,2887],{"href":130895},[15,146627,125489],{},[36,146629,146630],{},[551,146631,91654],{"href":90665},[36,146633,146634],{},[551,146635,125717],{"href":124573},[36,146637,146638],{},[551,146639,138445],{"href":137026},[2912,146641,146642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":146644},[146645,146646,146648,146649,146650,146652,146653,146655,146662,146663,146672],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":145568,"depth":111,"text":146647},"What upper() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":145778,"depth":111,"text":146651},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145914,"depth":111,"text":145915},{"id":145996,"depth":111,"text":146654},"When to use upper()",{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":146656},[146657,146658,146660],{"id":96858,"depth":139,"text":96859},{"id":146211,"depth":139,"text":146659},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":146302,"depth":139,"text":146661},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":146375,"depth":111,"text":146376},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":146664},[146665,146667,146669,146670],{"id":146497,"depth":139,"text":146666},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":146505,"depth":139,"text":146668},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":146515,"depth":139,"text":146516},{"id":146525,"depth":139,"text":146671},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":145492,"description":146673},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146680,"title":146681,"body":146682,"description":148559,"extension":2980,"meta":148560,"navigation":304,"path":148561,"seo":148562,"stem":148563,"__hash__":148564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146683,"toc":148509},[146684,146690,146697,146703,146705,146761,146766,146771,146776,146779,146798,146801,146803,146827,146845,146856,146858,146861,146914,146916,146924,146926,146944,146949,146952,147009,147011,147020,147023,147043,147046,147052,147057,147059,147102,147104,147112,147115,147156,147158,147167,147173,147179,147206,147208,147216,147221,147225,147237,147280,147282,147290,147295,147301,147306,147310,147312,147355,147358,147405,147407,147416,147423,147427,147430,147476,147481,147485,147487,147530,147533,147541,147543,147548,147550,147552,147571,147574,147586,147588,147607,147609,147617,147621,147623,147674,147677,147752,147754,147762,147765,147769,147771,147818,147821,147892,147894,147902,147908,147910,147985,147989,148068,148070,148078,148084,148090,148095,148100,148149,148153,148224,148227,148232,148243,148246,148257,148267,148269,148274,148299,148304,148385,148387,148412,148414,148419,148422,148428,148437,148443,148446,148452,148458,148465,148468,148470,148506],[10,146685,163,146687,4591],{"id":146686},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,146688,146689],{},"sum()",[20,146691,10120,146692,146694,146695,25757],{},[15,146693,146689],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146696,60979],{},[20,146698,146699,146700,146702],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146701,37062],{}," value and a few important limits.",[46,146704,3022],{"id":3021},[51,146706,146708],{"className":53,"code":146707,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146709,146710,146734,146749],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146711,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146713,4629],{"class":66},[60,146715,71],{"class":70},[60,146717,75],{"class":74},[60,146719,1432],{"class":1402},[60,146721,88],{"class":74},[60,146723,1437],{"class":1402},[60,146725,88],{"class":74},[60,146727,1442],{"class":1402},[60,146729,88],{"class":74},[60,146731,3471],{"class":1402},[60,146733,108],{"class":74},[60,146735,146736,146738,146740,146743,146745,146747],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146737,42169],{"class":66},[60,146739,71],{"class":70},[60,146741,146742],{"class":142}," sum",[60,146744,130],{"class":74},[60,146746,4659],{"class":126},[60,146748,136],{"class":74},[60,146750,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146752,143],{"class":142},[60,146754,130],{"class":74},[60,146756,42198],{"class":126},[60,146758,2662],{"class":74},[60,146760,27788],{"class":4674},[20,146762,171,146763,146765],{},[15,146764,146689],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[46,146767,178,146769,181],{"id":146768},"what-sum-does",[15,146770,146689],{},[20,146772,146773,146775],{},[15,146774,146689],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146777,146778],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[33,146780,146781,146784,146787,146792],{},[36,146782,146783],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[36,146785,146786],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[36,146788,146789,146790],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146791,37186],{},[36,146793,146794,146795,146797],{},"Counting ",[15,146796,4616],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146799,146800],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[46,146802,389],{"id":388},[51,146804,146806],{"className":53,"code":146805,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146807,146808],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146809,146810,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146811,146812],{"class":142},"sum",[60,146814,130],{"class":74},[60,146816,411],{"class":126},[60,146818,88],{"class":74},[60,146820,37041],{"class":10173},[60,146822,71],{"class":70},[60,146824,3137],{"class":1402},[60,146826,136],{"class":74},[33,146828,146829,146834,146839],{},[36,146830,146831,146833],{},[15,146832,411],{}," is the group of values to add",[36,146835,146836,146838],{},[15,146837,37062],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[36,146840,146841,146842],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146843,146844],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146846,146847,146848,146851,146852,123],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146849,146850,411],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[551,146853,146854,25610],{"href":37183},[15,146855,37186],{},[46,146857,12470],{"id":12469},[20,146859,146860],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[51,146862,146864],{"className":53,"code":146863,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146865,146866,146886,146900,146904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146867,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146869,4629],{"class":66},[60,146871,71],{"class":70},[60,146873,75],{"class":74},[60,146875,3154],{"class":1402},[60,146877,88],{"class":74},[60,146879,7005],{"class":1402},[60,146881,88],{"class":74},[60,146883,38924],{"class":1402},[60,146885,108],{"class":74},[60,146887,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146889,42169],{"class":66},[60,146891,71],{"class":70},[60,146893,146742],{"class":142},[60,146895,130],{"class":74},[60,146897,4659],{"class":126},[60,146899,136],{"class":74},[60,146901,146902],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146903,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,146905,146906,146908,146910,146912],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,146907,143],{"class":142},[60,146909,130],{"class":74},[60,146911,42198],{"class":126},[60,146913,136],{"class":74},[20,146915,153],{},[51,146917,146918],{"className":53,"code":70815,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,146919,146920],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146921,146922],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146923,70815],{"class":1402},[20,146925,12679],{},[33,146927,146928,146933,146939],{},[36,146929,146930,146932],{},[15,146931,4659],{}," contains three integers",[36,146934,146935,146938],{},[15,146936,146937],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[36,146940,146941,146942],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146943,42198],{},[46,146945,37601,146947,9429],{"id":146946},"using-the-start-value",[15,146948,37062],{},[20,146950,146951],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[51,146953,146955],{"className":53,"code":146954,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146956,146957,146977,146995,146999],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,146958,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,146960,4629],{"class":66},[60,146962,71],{"class":70},[60,146964,75],{"class":74},[60,146966,1432],{"class":1402},[60,146968,88],{"class":74},[60,146970,1437],{"class":1402},[60,146972,88],{"class":74},[60,146974,1442],{"class":1402},[60,146976,108],{"class":74},[60,146978,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,146980,42169],{"class":66},[60,146982,71],{"class":70},[60,146984,146742],{"class":142},[60,146986,130],{"class":74},[60,146988,4659],{"class":126},[60,146990,88],{"class":74},[60,146992,7005],{"class":1402},[60,146994,136],{"class":74},[60,146996,146997],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,146998,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,147000,147001,147003,147005,147007],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,147002,143],{"class":142},[60,147004,130],{"class":74},[60,147006,42198],{"class":126},[60,147008,136],{"class":74},[20,147010,153],{},[51,147012,147014],{"className":53,"code":147013,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"16\n",[15,147015,147016],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147017,147018],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147019,147013],{"class":1402},[20,147021,147022],{},"This works like:",[33,147024,147025,147030,147035,147039],{},[36,147026,147027,147028],{},"Start at ",[15,147029,1345],{},[36,147031,147032,147033],{},"Add ",[15,147034,1432],{},[36,147036,147032,147037],{},[15,147038,1925],{},[36,147040,147032,147041],{},[15,147042,3079],{},[20,147044,147045],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[46,147047,178,147049,147051],{"id":147048},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,147050,146689],{}," can work with",[20,147053,147054,147056],{},[15,147055,146689],{}," works with numeric values.",[415,147058,41411],{"id":41410},[51,147060,147062],{"className":53,"code":147061,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147063,147064,147088],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147065,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147067,1336],{"class":66},[60,147069,71],{"class":70},[60,147071,75],{"class":74},[60,147073,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147075,88],{"class":74},[60,147077,1437],{"class":1402},[60,147079,88],{"class":74},[60,147081,1442],{"class":1402},[60,147083,88],{"class":74},[60,147085,3471],{"class":1402},[60,147087,108],{"class":74},[60,147089,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147091,143],{"class":142},[60,147093,130],{"class":74},[60,147095,146812],{"class":142},[60,147097,130],{"class":74},[60,147099,1388],{"class":126},[60,147101,1042],{"class":74},[20,147103,153],{},[51,147105,147106],{"className":53,"code":3391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147107,147108],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147109,147110],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147111,3391],{"class":1402},[415,147113,147114],{"id":53025},"Floats",[51,147116,147118],{"className":53,"code":147117,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,147119,147120,147142],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147135,147137,147140],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147123,84021],{"class":66},[60,147125,71],{"class":70},[60,147127,75],{"class":74},[60,147129,42145],{"class":1402},[60,147131,88],{"class":74},[60,147133,147134],{"class":1402}," 3.75",[60,147136,88],{"class":74},[60,147138,147139],{"class":1402}," 1.25",[60,147141,108],{"class":74},[60,147143,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147145,143],{"class":142},[60,147147,130],{"class":74},[60,147149,146812],{"class":142},[60,147151,130],{"class":74},[60,147153,84057],{"class":126},[60,147155,1042],{"class":74},[20,147157,153],{},[51,147159,147161],{"className":53,"code":147160,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"7.5\n",[15,147162,147163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147164,147165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147166,147160],{"class":1402},[20,147168,147169,147170,123],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[551,147171,147172],{"href":3434},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[415,147174,147176,147177],{"id":147175},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,147178,37186],{},[51,147180,147182],{"className":53,"code":147181,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,147183,147184],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147185,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147187,143],{"class":142},[60,147189,130],{"class":74},[60,147191,146812],{"class":142},[60,147193,130],{"class":74},[60,147195,60979],{"class":142},[60,147197,130],{"class":74},[60,147199,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147201,88],{"class":74},[60,147203,38631],{"class":1402},[60,147205,1992],{"class":74},[20,147207,153],{},[51,147209,147210],{"className":53,"code":48023,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147211,147212],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147213,147214],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147215,48023],{"class":1402},[20,147217,114527,147218,123],{},[15,147219,147220],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[415,147222,147224],{"id":147223},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,147226,147227,147228,147230,147231,2360,147233,147230,147235,123],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,147229,4616],{}," acts like ",[15,147232,1432],{},[15,147234,4685],{},[15,147236,3137],{},[51,147238,147240],{"className":53,"code":147239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,147241,147242,147266],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147243,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147245,52945],{"class":66},[60,147247,71],{"class":70},[60,147249,75],{"class":74},[60,147251,4616],{"class":1611},[60,147253,88],{"class":74},[60,147255,4910],{"class":1611},[60,147257,88],{"class":74},[60,147259,4919],{"class":1611},[60,147261,88],{"class":74},[60,147263,4919],{"class":1611},[60,147265,108],{"class":74},[60,147267,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147269,143],{"class":142},[60,147271,130],{"class":74},[60,147273,146812],{"class":142},[60,147275,130],{"class":74},[60,147277,52998],{"class":126},[60,147279,1042],{"class":74},[20,147281,153],{},[51,147283,147284],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147285,147286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147287,147288],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147289,47599],{"class":1402},[20,147291,147292,147293,123],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,147294,4616],{},[46,147296,178,147298,147300],{"id":147297},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,147299,146689],{}," does not work with",[20,147302,147303,147305],{},[15,147304,146689],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[415,147307,147309],{"id":147308},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,147311,3852],{},[51,147313,147315],{"className":53,"code":147314,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,147316,147317,147341],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147318,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147320,67],{"class":66},[60,147322,71],{"class":70},[60,147324,75],{"class":74},[60,147326,79],{"class":78},[60,147328,1008],{"class":82},[60,147330,79],{"class":78},[60,147332,88],{"class":74},[60,147334,91],{"class":78},[60,147336,1017],{"class":82},[60,147338,79],{"class":78},[60,147340,108],{"class":74},[60,147342,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147344,143],{"class":142},[60,147346,130],{"class":74},[60,147348,146812],{"class":142},[60,147350,130],{"class":74},[60,147352,133],{"class":126},[60,147354,1042],{"class":74},[20,147356,147357],{},"Use string joining instead:",[51,147359,147361],{"className":53,"code":147360,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,147362,147363,147387],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147364,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147366,67],{"class":66},[60,147368,71],{"class":70},[60,147370,75],{"class":74},[60,147372,79],{"class":78},[60,147374,1008],{"class":82},[60,147376,79],{"class":78},[60,147378,88],{"class":74},[60,147380,91],{"class":78},[60,147382,1017],{"class":82},[60,147384,79],{"class":78},[60,147386,108],{"class":74},[60,147388,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147390,143],{"class":142},[60,147392,130],{"class":74},[60,147394,226],{"class":78},[60,147396,123],{"class":74},[60,147398,127],{"class":126},[60,147400,130],{"class":74},[60,147402,133],{"class":126},[60,147404,1042],{"class":74},[20,147406,153],{},[51,147408,147410],{"className":53,"code":147409,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"helloworld\n",[15,147411,147412],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147413,147414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147415,147409],{"class":66},[20,147417,147418,147419,123],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[551,147420,147421,6785],{"href":1575},[15,147422,1578],{},[415,147424,147426],{"id":147425},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,147428,147429],{},"This also causes an error:",[51,147431,147433],{"className":53,"code":147432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,147434,147435,147462],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147436,147437,147440,147442,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458,147460],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147438,147439],{"class":66},"lists ",[60,147441,71],{"class":70},[60,147443,57274],{"class":74},[60,147445,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147447,88],{"class":74},[60,147449,1437],{"class":1402},[60,147451,19055],{"class":74},[60,147453,75],{"class":74},[60,147455,3079],{"class":1402},[60,147457,88],{"class":74},[60,147459,3471],{"class":1402},[60,147461,54222],{"class":74},[60,147463,147464,147466,147468,147470,147472,147474],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147465,143],{"class":142},[60,147467,130],{"class":74},[60,147469,146812],{"class":142},[60,147471,130],{"class":74},[60,147473,6301],{"class":126},[60,147475,1042],{"class":74},[20,147477,147478,147480],{},[15,147479,146689],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[415,147482,147484],{"id":147483},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,147486,6473],{},[51,147488,147490],{"className":53,"code":147489,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147491,147492,147516],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147493,147494,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147495,1336],{"class":66},[60,147497,71],{"class":70},[60,147499,75],{"class":74},[60,147501,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147503,88],{"class":74},[60,147505,1437],{"class":1402},[60,147507,88],{"class":74},[60,147509,91],{"class":78},[60,147511,3079],{"class":82},[60,147513,79],{"class":78},[60,147515,108],{"class":74},[60,147517,147518,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147519,143],{"class":142},[60,147521,130],{"class":74},[60,147523,146812],{"class":142},[60,147525,130],{"class":74},[60,147527,1388],{"class":126},[60,147529,1042],{"class":74},[20,147531,147532],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,147534,147535,147536,147538,147539,123],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,147537,66920],{},", convert them first. See ",[551,147540,3979],{"href":3978},[46,147542,42491],{"id":42490},[20,147544,147545,147546,123],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,147547,146689],{},[415,147549,7524],{"id":7523},[20,147551,2012],{},[51,147553,147555],{"className":53,"code":147554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,147556,147557],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147558,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147560,143],{"class":142},[60,147562,130],{"class":74},[60,147564,146812],{"class":142},[60,147566,130],{"class":74},[60,147568,3154],{"class":1402},[60,147570,1042],{"class":74},[20,147572,147573],{},"Why it fails:",[33,147575,147576,147581],{},[36,147577,147578,147580],{},[15,147579,3154],{}," is a single integer",[36,147582,147583,147585],{},[15,147584,146689],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,147587,7554],{},[51,147589,147591],{"className":53,"code":147590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,147592,147593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147594,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147596,143],{"class":142},[60,147598,130],{"class":74},[60,147600,146812],{"class":142},[60,147602,2652],{"class":74},[60,147604,3154],{"class":1402},[60,147606,2718],{"class":74},[20,147608,153],{},[51,147610,147611],{"className":53,"code":3963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147612,147613],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147614,147615],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147616,3963],{"class":1402},[415,147618,147620],{"id":147619},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,147622,2012],{},[51,147624,147626],{"className":53,"code":147625,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147627,147628,147660],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147629,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147631,1336],{"class":66},[60,147633,71],{"class":70},[60,147635,75],{"class":74},[60,147637,79],{"class":78},[60,147639,1432],{"class":82},[60,147641,79],{"class":78},[60,147643,88],{"class":74},[60,147645,91],{"class":78},[60,147647,1925],{"class":82},[60,147649,79],{"class":78},[60,147651,88],{"class":74},[60,147653,91],{"class":78},[60,147655,3079],{"class":82},[60,147657,79],{"class":78},[60,147659,108],{"class":74},[60,147661,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147663,143],{"class":142},[60,147665,130],{"class":74},[60,147667,146812],{"class":142},[60,147669,130],{"class":74},[60,147671,1388],{"class":126},[60,147673,1042],{"class":74},[20,147675,147676],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[51,147678,147680],{"className":53,"code":147679,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147681,147682,147714,147742],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147683,147684,147686,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708,147710,147712],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147685,1336],{"class":66},[60,147687,71],{"class":70},[60,147689,75],{"class":74},[60,147691,79],{"class":78},[60,147693,1432],{"class":82},[60,147695,79],{"class":78},[60,147697,88],{"class":74},[60,147699,91],{"class":78},[60,147701,1925],{"class":82},[60,147703,79],{"class":78},[60,147705,88],{"class":74},[60,147707,91],{"class":78},[60,147709,3079],{"class":82},[60,147711,79],{"class":78},[60,147713,108],{"class":74},[60,147715,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147717,42169],{"class":66},[60,147719,71],{"class":70},[60,147721,146742],{"class":142},[60,147723,130],{"class":74},[60,147725,3206],{"class":1527},[60,147727,130],{"class":74},[60,147729,3191],{"class":126},[60,147731,2662],{"class":74},[60,147733,2666],{"class":2665},[60,147735,4886],{"class":126},[60,147737,2672],{"class":2665},[60,147739,1533],{"class":126},[60,147741,136],{"class":74},[60,147743,147744,147746,147748,147750],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,147745,143],{"class":142},[60,147747,130],{"class":74},[60,147749,42198],{"class":126},[60,147751,136],{"class":74},[20,147753,153],{},[51,147755,147756],{"className":53,"code":3669,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147757,147758],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147759,147760],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147761,3669],{"class":1402},[20,147763,147764],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[415,147766,147768],{"id":147767},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147770,2012],{},[51,147772,147774],{"className":53,"code":147773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147775,147776,147804],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147777,147778,147780,147782,147784,147786,147788,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147779,1336],{"class":66},[60,147781,71],{"class":70},[60,147783,75],{"class":74},[60,147785,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147787,88],{"class":74},[60,147789,1437],{"class":1402},[60,147791,88],{"class":74},[60,147793,91],{"class":78},[60,147795,3079],{"class":82},[60,147797,79],{"class":78},[60,147799,88],{"class":74},[60,147801,3471],{"class":1402},[60,147803,108],{"class":74},[60,147805,147806,147808,147810,147812,147814,147816],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147807,143],{"class":142},[60,147809,130],{"class":74},[60,147811,146812],{"class":142},[60,147813,130],{"class":74},[60,147815,1388],{"class":126},[60,147817,1042],{"class":74},[20,147819,147820],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[51,147822,147824],{"className":53,"code":147823,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147825,147826,147854,147882],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147827,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147829,1336],{"class":66},[60,147831,71],{"class":70},[60,147833,75],{"class":74},[60,147835,1432],{"class":1402},[60,147837,88],{"class":74},[60,147839,1437],{"class":1402},[60,147841,88],{"class":74},[60,147843,91],{"class":78},[60,147845,3079],{"class":82},[60,147847,79],{"class":78},[60,147849,88],{"class":74},[60,147851,3471],{"class":1402},[60,147853,108],{"class":74},[60,147855,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147857,42169],{"class":66},[60,147859,71],{"class":70},[60,147861,146742],{"class":142},[60,147863,130],{"class":74},[60,147865,3206],{"class":1527},[60,147867,130],{"class":74},[60,147869,3191],{"class":126},[60,147871,2662],{"class":74},[60,147873,2666],{"class":2665},[60,147875,4886],{"class":126},[60,147877,2672],{"class":2665},[60,147879,1533],{"class":126},[60,147881,136],{"class":74},[60,147883,147884,147886,147888,147890],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,147885,143],{"class":142},[60,147887,130],{"class":74},[60,147889,42198],{"class":126},[60,147891,136],{"class":74},[20,147893,153],{},[51,147895,147896],{"className":53,"code":3391,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,147897,147898],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147899,147900],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147901,3391],{"class":1402},[415,147903,9413,147905,147907],{"id":147904},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147906,146689],{}," to join text",[20,147909,2012],{},[51,147911,147913],{"className":53,"code":147912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147914,147915,147971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147916,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147918,767],{"class":66},[60,147920,71],{"class":70},[60,147922,75],{"class":74},[60,147924,79],{"class":78},[60,147926,776],{"class":82},[60,147928,79],{"class":78},[60,147930,88],{"class":74},[60,147932,91],{"class":78},[60,147934,785],{"class":82},[60,147936,79],{"class":78},[60,147938,88],{"class":74},[60,147940,91],{"class":78},[60,147942,794],{"class":82},[60,147944,79],{"class":78},[60,147946,88],{"class":74},[60,147948,91],{"class":78},[60,147950,803],{"class":82},[60,147952,79],{"class":78},[60,147954,88],{"class":74},[60,147956,91],{"class":78},[60,147958,812],{"class":82},[60,147960,79],{"class":78},[60,147962,88],{"class":74},[60,147964,91],{"class":78},[60,147966,821],{"class":82},[60,147968,79],{"class":78},[60,147970,108],{"class":74},[60,147972,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,147974,143],{"class":142},[60,147976,130],{"class":74},[60,147978,146812],{"class":142},[60,147980,130],{"class":74},[60,147982,843],{"class":126},[60,147984,1042],{"class":74},[20,147986,171,147987,61510],{},[15,147988,17],{},[51,147990,147992],{"className":53,"code":147991,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147993,147994,148050],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,147995,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,147997,767],{"class":66},[60,147999,71],{"class":70},[60,148001,75],{"class":74},[60,148003,79],{"class":78},[60,148005,776],{"class":82},[60,148007,79],{"class":78},[60,148009,88],{"class":74},[60,148011,91],{"class":78},[60,148013,785],{"class":82},[60,148015,79],{"class":78},[60,148017,88],{"class":74},[60,148019,91],{"class":78},[60,148021,794],{"class":82},[60,148023,79],{"class":78},[60,148025,88],{"class":74},[60,148027,91],{"class":78},[60,148029,803],{"class":82},[60,148031,79],{"class":78},[60,148033,88],{"class":74},[60,148035,91],{"class":78},[60,148037,812],{"class":82},[60,148039,79],{"class":78},[60,148041,88],{"class":74},[60,148043,91],{"class":78},[60,148045,821],{"class":82},[60,148047,79],{"class":78},[60,148049,108],{"class":74},[60,148051,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148053,143],{"class":142},[60,148055,130],{"class":74},[60,148057,226],{"class":78},[60,148059,123],{"class":74},[60,148061,127],{"class":126},[60,148063,130],{"class":74},[60,148065,843],{"class":126},[60,148067,1042],{"class":74},[20,148069,153],{},[51,148071,148072],{"className":53,"code":864,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,148073,148074],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148075,148076],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148077,864],{"class":66},[20,148079,148080,148081,123],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[551,148082,148083],{"href":1998},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[46,148085,148087,148089],{"id":148086},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,148088,146689],{}," vs manual loop",[20,148091,148092,148094],{},[15,148093,146689],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[415,148096,9413,148098],{"id":148097},"using-sum",[15,148099,146689],{},[51,148101,148103],{"className":53,"code":148102,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,148104,148105,148125,148139],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148106,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148108,4629],{"class":66},[60,148110,71],{"class":70},[60,148112,75],{"class":74},[60,148114,3519],{"class":1402},[60,148116,88],{"class":74},[60,148118,6994],{"class":1402},[60,148120,88],{"class":74},[60,148122,55116],{"class":1402},[60,148124,108],{"class":74},[60,148126,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148128,42169],{"class":66},[60,148130,71],{"class":70},[60,148132,146742],{"class":142},[60,148134,130],{"class":74},[60,148136,4659],{"class":126},[60,148138,136],{"class":74},[60,148140,148141,148143,148145,148147],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148142,143],{"class":142},[60,148144,130],{"class":74},[60,148146,42198],{"class":126},[60,148148,136],{"class":74},[415,148150,148152],{"id":148151},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[51,148154,148156],{"className":53,"code":148155,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,148157,148158,148178,148186,148190,148202,148210,148214],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148159,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148161,4629],{"class":66},[60,148163,71],{"class":70},[60,148165,75],{"class":74},[60,148167,3519],{"class":1402},[60,148169,88],{"class":74},[60,148171,6994],{"class":1402},[60,148173,88],{"class":74},[60,148175,55116],{"class":1402},[60,148177,108],{"class":74},[60,148179,148180,148182,148184],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148181,42169],{"class":66},[60,148183,71],{"class":70},[60,148185,39501],{"class":1402},[60,148187,148188],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148189,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,148191,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,148193,6960],{"class":2665},[60,148195,7385],{"class":66},[60,148197,2672],{"class":2665},[60,148199,5264],{"class":66},[60,148201,7392],{"class":74},[60,148203,148204,148206,148208],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,148205,91079],{"class":66},[60,148207,91082],{"class":70},[60,148209,91085],{"class":66},[60,148211,148212],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,148213,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,148215,148216,148218,148220,148222],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,148217,143],{"class":142},[60,148219,130],{"class":74},[60,148221,42198],{"class":126},[60,148223,136],{"class":74},[20,148225,148226],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,148228,3503,148229,148231],{},[15,148230,146689],{}," is often better:",[33,148233,148234,148237,148240],{},[36,148235,148236],{},"Shorter code",[36,148238,148239],{},"Easier to read",[36,148241,148242],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,148244,148245],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[33,148247,148248,148251,148254],{},[36,148249,148250],{},"You need to skip some values",[36,148252,148253],{},"You need extra checks",[36,148255,148256],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,148258,148259,148260,148263,148264,148266],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[551,148261,148262],{"href":40994},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,148265,146689],{}," on the filtered result.",[46,148268,3845],{"id":3844},[20,148270,148271,148272,3901],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,148273,146689],{},[33,148275,148276,148282,148289,148296],{},[36,148277,148278,148279],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,148280,148281],{},"sum(5)",[36,148283,148284,148285,148288],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,148286,148287],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[36,148290,9413,148291,148293,148294],{},[15,148292,146689],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,148295,17],{},[36,148297,148298],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,148300,2580,148301,148303],{},[15,148302,146689],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[51,148305,148307],{"className":53,"code":148306,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,148308,148309,148319,148333,148357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148310,148311,148313,148315,148317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148312,143],{"class":142},[60,148314,130],{"class":74},[60,148316,1388],{"class":126},[60,148318,136],{"class":74},[60,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148322,143],{"class":142},[60,148324,130],{"class":74},[60,148326,2629],{"class":1527},[60,148328,130],{"class":74},[60,148330,1388],{"class":126},[60,148332,1042],{"class":74},[60,148334,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148336,143],{"class":142},[60,148338,2652],{"class":74},[60,148340,2629],{"class":1527},[60,148342,130],{"class":74},[60,148344,3191],{"class":126},[60,148346,2662],{"class":74},[60,148348,2666],{"class":2665},[60,148350,4886],{"class":126},[60,148352,2672],{"class":2665},[60,148354,1533],{"class":126},[60,148356,2677],{"class":74},[60,148358,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,148360,143],{"class":142},[60,148362,130],{"class":74},[60,148364,146812],{"class":142},[60,148366,2652],{"class":74},[60,148368,3206],{"class":1527},[60,148370,130],{"class":74},[60,148372,3191],{"class":126},[60,148374,2662],{"class":74},[60,148376,2666],{"class":2665},[60,148378,4886],{"class":126},[60,148380,2672],{"class":2665},[60,148382,1533],{"class":126},[60,148384,2718],{"class":74},[20,148386,2762],{},[33,148388,148389,148395,148401,148406],{},[36,148390,148391,148394],{},[15,148392,148393],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[36,148396,148397,148400],{},[15,148398,148399],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[36,148402,148403,2785],{},[15,148404,148405],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[36,148407,148408,148411],{},[15,148409,148410],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[46,148413,2804],{"id":2803},[415,148415,2846,148417,6145],{"id":148416},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,148418,146689],{},[20,148420,148421],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[415,148423,6170,148425,148427],{"id":148424},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,148426,146689],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,148429,31264,148430,3894,148433,148436],{},[15,148431,148432],{},"''.join(...)",[15,148434,148435],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[415,148438,6170,148440,148442],{"id":148439},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,148441,146689],{}," work with floats?",[20,148444,148445],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[415,148447,148449,148450,2863],{"id":148448},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,148451,146689],{},[20,148453,148454,148455,148457],{},"It is the optional ",[15,148456,37062],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[415,148459,6158,148461,120360,148463,2863],{"id":148460},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,148462,146689],{},[15,148464,1472],{},[20,148466,148467],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[46,148469,2870],{"id":2869},[33,148471,148472,148476,148482,148488,148494,148498,148502],{},[36,148473,148474],{},[551,148475,147172],{"href":3434},[36,148477,148478],{},[551,148479,163,148480,1579],{"href":37183},[15,148481,37186],{},[36,148483,148484],{},[551,148485,163,148486,1579],{"href":43343},[15,148487,43346],{},[36,148489,148490],{},[551,148491,163,148492,1579],{"href":1575},[15,148493,1578],{},[36,148495,148496],{},[551,148497,6222],{"href":40994},[36,148499,148500],{},[551,148501,4538],{"href":3978},[36,148503,148504],{},[551,148505,148083],{"href":1998},[2912,148507,148508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":148510},[148511,148512,148514,148515,148516,148518,148526,148532,148539,148545,148546,148558],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":146768,"depth":111,"text":148513},"What sum() does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":146946,"depth":111,"text":148517},"Using the start value",{"id":147048,"depth":111,"text":148519,"children":148520},"What sum() can work with",[148521,148522,148523,148525],{"id":41410,"depth":139,"text":41411},{"id":53025,"depth":139,"text":147114},{"id":147175,"depth":139,"text":148524},"Values from range()",{"id":147223,"depth":139,"text":147224},{"id":147297,"depth":111,"text":148527,"children":148528},"What sum() does not work with",[148529,148530,148531],{"id":147308,"depth":139,"text":147309},{"id":147425,"depth":139,"text":147426},{"id":147483,"depth":139,"text":147484},{"id":42490,"depth":111,"text":42491,"children":148533},[148534,148535,148536,148537],{"id":7523,"depth":139,"text":7524},{"id":147619,"depth":139,"text":147620},{"id":147767,"depth":139,"text":147768},{"id":147904,"depth":139,"text":148538},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":148086,"depth":111,"text":148540,"children":148541},"sum() vs manual loop",[148542,148544],{"id":148097,"depth":139,"text":148543},"Using sum()",{"id":148151,"depth":139,"text":148152},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":148547},[148548,148550,148552,148554,148556],{"id":148416,"depth":139,"text":148549},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":148424,"depth":139,"text":148551},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":148439,"depth":139,"text":148553},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":148448,"depth":139,"text":148555},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":148460,"depth":139,"text":148557},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146681,"description":148559},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":148566,"title":148567,"body":148568,"description":149970,"extension":2980,"meta":149971,"navigation":304,"path":149972,"seo":149973,"stem":149974,"__hash__":149975},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":148569,"toc":149938},[148570,148576,148582,148585,148648,148654,148659,148663,148680,148694,148698,148718,148732,148734,148827,148829,148843,148845,148848,148937,148939,148947,148956,148958,148962,148983,148985,149077,149079,149100,149102,149106,149120,149122,149196,149198,149217,149221,149224,149247,149249,149360,149367,149375,149377,149383,149386,149429,149432,149455,149463,149467,149542,149548,149573,149580,149583,149586,149590,149595,149683,149691,149695,149698,149723,149727,149788,149792,149841,149851,149853,149858,149861,149867,149870,149874,149878,149884,149887,149895,149903,149905,149935],[10,148571,148573,148574,18],{"id":148572},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,148575,58270],{},[20,148577,148578,148581],{},[15,148579,148580],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,148583,148584],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[51,148586,148588],{"className":53,"code":148587,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,148589,148590,148618,148636],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148591,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148593,4629],{"class":66},[60,148595,71],{"class":70},[60,148597,1776],{"class":74},[60,148599,1432],{"class":1402},[60,148601,88],{"class":74},[60,148603,1437],{"class":1402},[60,148605,88],{"class":74},[60,148607,1437],{"class":1402},[60,148609,88],{"class":74},[60,148611,1442],{"class":1402},[60,148613,88],{"class":74},[60,148615,1437],{"class":1402},[60,148617,136],{"class":74},[60,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148621,114],{"class":66},[60,148623,71],{"class":70},[60,148625,5264],{"class":66},[60,148627,123],{"class":74},[60,148629,42246],{"class":126},[60,148631,130],{"class":74},[60,148633,1925],{"class":1402},[60,148635,136],{"class":74},[60,148637,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148639,143],{"class":142},[60,148641,130],{"class":74},[60,148643,148],{"class":126},[60,148645,2662],{"class":74},[60,148647,51750],{"class":4674},[20,148649,171,148650,148653],{},[15,148651,148652],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[46,148655,178,148657,181],{"id":148656},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,148658,148580],{},[20,148660,148661,3901],{},[15,148662,148652],{},[33,148664,148665,148671,148674,148677],{},[36,148666,148667,148668,148670],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,148669,3487],{}," appears in the tuple",[36,148672,148673],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[36,148675,148676],{},"Returns an integer",[36,148678,148679],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,148681,148682,148683,148685,148686,3894,148690,123],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,148684,58270],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[551,148687,148689],{"href":148688},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[551,148691,148693],{"href":148692},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[46,148695,148697],{"id":148696},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[51,148699,148701],{"className":53,"code":148700,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148702,148703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148704,148705,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148706,148707],{"class":66},"my_tuple",[60,148709,123],{"class":74},[60,148711,42246],{"class":126},[60,148713,130],{"class":74},[60,148715,3487],{"class":126},[60,148717,136],{"class":74},[33,148719,148720,148724,148727],{},[36,148721,148722,58435],{},[15,148723,3487],{},[36,148725,148726],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[36,148728,148729,148730],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148731,3137],{},[415,148733,104077],{"id":104076},[51,148735,148737],{"className":53,"code":148736,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148738,148739,148779,148803],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148740,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148742,1070],{"class":66},[60,148744,71],{"class":70},[60,148746,1776],{"class":74},[60,148748,79],{"class":78},[60,148750,254],{"class":82},[60,148752,79],{"class":78},[60,148754,88],{"class":74},[60,148756,91],{"class":78},[60,148758,272],{"class":82},[60,148760,79],{"class":78},[60,148762,88],{"class":74},[60,148764,91],{"class":78},[60,148766,254],{"class":82},[60,148768,79],{"class":78},[60,148770,88],{"class":74},[60,148772,91],{"class":78},[60,148774,263],{"class":82},[60,148776,79],{"class":78},[60,148778,136],{"class":74},[60,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148782,143],{"class":142},[60,148784,130],{"class":74},[60,148786,1119],{"class":126},[60,148788,123],{"class":74},[60,148790,42246],{"class":126},[60,148792,130],{"class":74},[60,148794,79],{"class":78},[60,148796,254],{"class":82},[60,148798,79],{"class":78},[60,148800,6362],{"class":74},[60,148802,58625],{"class":4674},[60,148804,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148806,143],{"class":142},[60,148808,130],{"class":74},[60,148810,1119],{"class":126},[60,148812,123],{"class":74},[60,148814,42246],{"class":126},[60,148816,130],{"class":74},[60,148818,79],{"class":78},[60,148820,23517],{"class":82},[60,148822,79],{"class":78},[60,148824,6362],{"class":74},[60,148826,52226],{"class":4674},[20,148828,20951],{},[33,148830,148831,148836],{},[36,148832,148833,148835],{},[15,148834,66367],{}," appears 2 times",[36,148837,148838,148840,148841],{},[15,148839,110773],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148842,3137],{},[46,148844,12470],{"id":12469},[20,148846,148847],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[51,148849,148851],{"className":53,"code":148850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148852,148853,148901,148905,148927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148854,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148856,37227],{"class":66},[60,148858,71],{"class":70},[60,148860,1776],{"class":74},[60,148862,79],{"class":78},[60,148864,1604],{"class":82},[60,148866,79],{"class":78},[60,148868,88],{"class":74},[60,148870,91],{"class":78},[60,148872,1619],{"class":82},[60,148874,79],{"class":78},[60,148876,88],{"class":74},[60,148878,91],{"class":78},[60,148880,1604],{"class":82},[60,148882,79],{"class":78},[60,148884,88],{"class":74},[60,148886,91],{"class":78},[60,148888,34214],{"class":82},[60,148890,79],{"class":78},[60,148892,88],{"class":74},[60,148894,91],{"class":78},[60,148896,1604],{"class":82},[60,148898,79],{"class":78},[60,148900,136],{"class":74},[60,148902,148903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,148904,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,148906,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,148908,114],{"class":66},[60,148910,71],{"class":70},[60,148912,53831],{"class":66},[60,148914,123],{"class":74},[60,148916,42246],{"class":126},[60,148918,130],{"class":74},[60,148920,79],{"class":78},[60,148922,1604],{"class":82},[60,148924,79],{"class":78},[60,148926,136],{"class":74},[60,148928,148929,148931,148933,148935],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,148930,143],{"class":142},[60,148932,130],{"class":74},[60,148934,148],{"class":126},[60,148936,136],{"class":74},[20,148938,153],{},[51,148940,148941],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,148942,148943],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148944,148945],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148946,47599],{"class":1402},[20,148948,148949,148951,148952,3412,148954,123],{},[15,148950,58813],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148953,58270],{},[15,148955,3079],{},[46,148957,39008],{"id":39007},[20,148959,58524,148960,129703],{},[15,148961,58270],{},[33,148963,148964,148969,148974,148977],{},[36,148965,12419,148966,148968],{},[15,148967,3137],{}," when the value does not exist",[36,148970,12419,148971,148973],{},[15,148972,1432],{}," when the value appears once",[36,148975,148976],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[36,148978,148979,148980,148982],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148981,7996],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148984,236],{},[51,148986,148988],{"className":53,"code":148987,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148989,148990,149031,149035,149062],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,148991,148992,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,148993,148994],{"class":66},"answers ",[60,148996,71],{"class":70},[60,148998,1776],{"class":74},[60,149000,79],{"class":78},[60,149002,9655],{"class":82},[60,149004,79],{"class":78},[60,149006,88],{"class":74},[60,149008,91],{"class":78},[60,149010,9594],{"class":82},[60,149012,79],{"class":78},[60,149014,88],{"class":74},[60,149016,91],{"class":78},[60,149018,9655],{"class":82},[60,149020,79],{"class":78},[60,149022,88],{"class":74},[60,149024,91],{"class":78},[60,149026,9655],{"class":82},[60,149028,79],{"class":78},[60,149030,136],{"class":74},[60,149032,149033],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149034,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,149036,149037,149039,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149038,7996],{"class":2665},[60,149040,149041],{"class":66}," answers",[60,149043,123],{"class":74},[60,149045,42246],{"class":126},[60,149047,130],{"class":74},[60,149049,79],{"class":78},[60,149051,9655],{"class":82},[60,149053,79],{"class":78},[60,149055,2662],{"class":74},[60,149057,39384],{"class":70},[60,149059,6499],{"class":1402},[60,149061,7392],{"class":74},[60,149063,149064,149066,149068,149070,149073,149075],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,149065,9064],{"class":142},[60,149067,130],{"class":74},[60,149069,79],{"class":78},[60,149071,149072],{"class":82},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[60,149074,79],{"class":78},[60,149076,136],{"class":74},[20,149078,153],{},[51,149080,149082],{"className":53,"code":149081,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,149083,149084],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149085,149086,149089,149091,149093,149095,149098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149087,149088],{"class":66},"The answer ",[60,149090,356],{"class":78},[60,149092,9655],{"class":82},[60,149094,356],{"class":78},[60,149096,149097],{"class":66}," appears more than once",[60,149099,123352],{"class":74},[46,149101,42032],{"id":42031},[20,149103,36399,149104,105540],{},[15,149105,148580],{},[33,149107,149108,149111,149114,149117],{},[36,149109,149110],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[36,149112,149113],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[36,149115,149116],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[36,149118,149119],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,149121,236],{},[51,149123,149125],{"className":53,"code":149124,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,149126,149127,149155,149159,149181],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149128,149129,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151,149153],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149130,6064],{"class":66},[60,149132,71],{"class":70},[60,149134,1776],{"class":74},[60,149136,1345],{"class":1402},[60,149138,88],{"class":74},[60,149140,1407],{"class":1402},[60,149142,88],{"class":74},[60,149144,7005],{"class":1402},[60,149146,88],{"class":74},[60,149148,8791],{"class":1402},[60,149150,88],{"class":74},[60,149152,7005],{"class":1402},[60,149154,136],{"class":74},[60,149156,149157],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149158,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,149160,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149162,7996],{"class":2665},[60,149164,6111],{"class":66},[60,149166,123],{"class":74},[60,149168,42246],{"class":126},[60,149170,130],{"class":74},[60,149172,1345],{"class":1402},[60,149174,2662],{"class":74},[60,149176,52267],{"class":70},[60,149178,1437],{"class":1402},[60,149180,7392],{"class":74},[60,149182,149183,149185,149187,149189,149192,149194],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,149184,9064],{"class":142},[60,149186,130],{"class":74},[60,149188,79],{"class":78},[60,149190,149191],{"class":82},"The score 10 is repeated.",[60,149193,79],{"class":78},[60,149195,136],{"class":74},[20,149197,153],{},[51,149199,149201],{"className":53,"code":149200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,149202,149203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149204,149205,149208,149210,149212,149215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149206,149207],{"class":66},"The score ",[60,149209,1345],{"class":1402},[60,149211,2773],{"class":70},[60,149213,149214],{"class":66}," repeated",[60,149216,123352],{"class":74},[46,149218,149220],{"id":149219},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,149222,149223],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[33,149225,149226,149232,149237,149240],{},[36,149227,149228,149229,149231],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,149230,58270],{}," still works because it only reads data",[36,149233,149234,149236],{},[15,149235,58270],{}," counts exact matches",[36,149238,149239],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[36,149241,149242,2360,149244,149246],{},[15,149243,1432],{},[15,149245,43144],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,149248,236],{},[51,149250,149252],{"className":53,"code":149251,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,149253,149254,149288,149292,149312,149336],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149255,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264,149266,149269,149271,149273,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149257,1336],{"class":66},[60,149259,71],{"class":70},[60,149261,1776],{"class":74},[60,149263,1432],{"class":1402},[60,149265,88],{"class":74},[60,149267,149268],{"class":1402}," 1.0",[60,149270,88],{"class":74},[60,149272,91],{"class":78},[60,149274,149275],{"class":82},"Cat",[60,149277,79],{"class":78},[60,149279,88],{"class":74},[60,149281,91],{"class":78},[60,149283,38035],{"class":82},[60,149285,79],{"class":78},[60,149287,136],{"class":74},[60,149289,149290],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149291,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,149293,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149295,143],{"class":142},[60,149297,130],{"class":74},[60,149299,1388],{"class":126},[60,149301,123],{"class":74},[60,149303,42246],{"class":126},[60,149305,130],{"class":74},[60,149307,1432],{"class":1402},[60,149309,6362],{"class":74},[60,149311,52073],{"class":4674},[60,149313,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332,149334],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,149315,143],{"class":142},[60,149317,130],{"class":74},[60,149319,1388],{"class":126},[60,149321,123],{"class":74},[60,149323,42246],{"class":126},[60,149325,130],{"class":74},[60,149327,79],{"class":78},[60,149329,149275],{"class":82},[60,149331,79],{"class":78},[60,149333,6362],{"class":74},[60,149335,28773],{"class":4674},[60,149337,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,149339,143],{"class":142},[60,149341,130],{"class":74},[60,149343,1388],{"class":126},[60,149345,123],{"class":74},[60,149347,42246],{"class":126},[60,149349,130],{"class":74},[60,149351,79],{"class":78},[60,149353,38035],{"class":82},[60,149355,79],{"class":78},[60,149357,6362],{"class":74},[60,149359,28773],{"class":4674},[20,149361,6158,149362,6161,149365,2863],{},[15,149363,149364],{},"values.count(1)",[15,149366,1925],{},[20,149368,9783,149369,5785,149372,149374],{},[15,149370,149371],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,149373,4616],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[46,149376,3845],{"id":3844},[415,149378,9413,149380,149382],{"id":149379},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,149381,42246],{}," without parentheses",[20,149384,149385],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[51,149387,149389],{"className":53,"code":149388,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,149390,149391,149415],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149392,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149394,4629],{"class":66},[60,149396,71],{"class":70},[60,149398,1776],{"class":74},[60,149400,1432],{"class":1402},[60,149402,88],{"class":74},[60,149404,1437],{"class":1402},[60,149406,88],{"class":74},[60,149408,1437],{"class":1402},[60,149410,88],{"class":74},[60,149412,1442],{"class":1402},[60,149414,136],{"class":74},[60,149416,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149418,143],{"class":142},[60,149420,130],{"class":74},[60,149422,4659],{"class":126},[60,149424,123],{"class":74},[60,149426,42246],{"class":25743},[60,149428,136],{"class":74},[20,149430,149431],{},"To call the method correctly:",[51,149433,149435],{"className":53,"code":149434,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,149436,149437],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149438,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149440,143],{"class":142},[60,149442,130],{"class":74},[60,149444,4659],{"class":126},[60,149446,123],{"class":74},[60,149448,42246],{"class":126},[60,149450,130],{"class":74},[60,149452,1925],{"class":1402},[60,149454,1042],{"class":74},[415,149456,9449,149457,9452,149459,3894,149461],{"id":59573},[15,149458,58270],{},[15,149460,4616],{},[15,149462,4685],{},[20,149464,149465,59584],{},[15,149466,58270],{},[51,149468,149470],{"className":53,"code":149469,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,149471,149472,149504,149526,149530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149473,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149475,767],{"class":66},[60,149477,71],{"class":70},[60,149479,1776],{"class":74},[60,149481,79],{"class":78},[60,149483,551],{"class":82},[60,149485,79],{"class":78},[60,149487,88],{"class":74},[60,149489,91],{"class":78},[60,149491,2258],{"class":82},[60,149493,79],{"class":78},[60,149495,88],{"class":74},[60,149497,91],{"class":78},[60,149499,551],{"class":82},[60,149501,79],{"class":78},[60,149503,136],{"class":74},[60,149505,149506,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520,149522,149524],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149507,114],{"class":66},[60,149509,71],{"class":70},[60,149511,71071],{"class":66},[60,149513,123],{"class":74},[60,149515,42246],{"class":126},[60,149517,130],{"class":74},[60,149519,79],{"class":78},[60,149521,551],{"class":82},[60,149523,79],{"class":78},[60,149525,136],{"class":74},[60,149527,149528],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149529,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,149531,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,149533,143],{"class":142},[60,149535,130],{"class":74},[60,149537,148],{"class":126},[60,149539,2662],{"class":74},[60,149541,52394],{"class":4674},[20,149543,149544,149545,149547],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,149546,2672],{}," is often simpler:",[51,149549,149551],{"className":53,"code":149550,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,149552,149553],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149556,143],{"class":142},[60,149558,130],{"class":74},[60,149560,79],{"class":78},[60,149562,551],{"class":82},[60,149564,79],{"class":78},[60,149566,22168],{"class":2665},[60,149568,71071],{"class":126},[60,149570,2662],{"class":74},[60,149572,4675],{"class":4674},[415,149574,38192,149576,9702,149578],{"id":149575},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,149577,148580],{},[15,149579,58275],{},[20,149581,149582],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,149584,149585],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[415,149587,149589],{"id":149588},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,149591,149592,149594],{},[15,149593,58270],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[51,149596,149598],{"className":53,"code":149597,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,149599,149600,149633,149659],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149601,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149621,149623,149625,149627,149629,149631],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149603,67],{"class":66},[60,149605,71],{"class":70},[60,149607,1776],{"class":74},[60,149609,79],{"class":78},[60,149611,1604],{"class":82},[60,149613,79],{"class":78},[60,149615,88],{"class":74},[60,149617,91],{"class":78},[60,149619,149620],{"class":82},"pineapple",[60,149622,79],{"class":78},[60,149624,88],{"class":74},[60,149626,91],{"class":78},[60,149628,1604],{"class":82},[60,149630,79],{"class":78},[60,149632,136],{"class":74},[60,149634,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149652,149654,149656],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149636,143],{"class":142},[60,149638,130],{"class":74},[60,149640,133],{"class":126},[60,149642,123],{"class":74},[60,149644,42246],{"class":126},[60,149646,130],{"class":74},[60,149648,79],{"class":78},[60,149650,149651],{"class":82},"app",[60,149653,79],{"class":78},[60,149655,6362],{"class":74},[60,149657,149658],{"class":4674},"    # 0\n",[60,149660,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671,149673,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149662,143],{"class":142},[60,149664,130],{"class":74},[60,149666,133],{"class":126},[60,149668,123],{"class":74},[60,149670,42246],{"class":126},[60,149672,130],{"class":74},[60,149674,79],{"class":78},[60,149676,1604],{"class":82},[60,149678,79],{"class":78},[60,149680,6362],{"class":74},[60,149682,52394],{"class":4674},[20,149684,149685,149688,149689,123],{},[15,149686,149687],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,149690,3137],{},[46,149692,149694],{"id":149693},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149696,149697],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[33,149699,149700,149705,149714,149720],{},[36,149701,171,149702,149704],{},[15,149703,2672],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[36,149706,171,149707,149713],{},[551,149708,149710,149711],{"href":149709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149712,59948],{}," to find the position of a value",[36,149715,171,149716,149719],{},[15,149717,149718],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[36,149721,149722],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149724,47022,149725,3901],{},[15,149726,2672],{},[51,149728,149730],{"className":53,"code":149729,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149731,149732,149752,149756,149772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149733,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149735,4629],{"class":66},[60,149737,71],{"class":70},[60,149739,1776],{"class":74},[60,149741,3519],{"class":1402},[60,149743,88],{"class":74},[60,149745,6994],{"class":1402},[60,149747,88],{"class":74},[60,149749,55116],{"class":1402},[60,149751,136],{"class":74},[60,149753,149754],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149755,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,149757,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,149759,143],{"class":142},[60,149761,130],{"class":74},[60,149763,3043],{"class":1402},[60,149765,22168],{"class":2665},[60,149767,5264],{"class":126},[60,149769,2662],{"class":74},[60,149771,44836],{"class":4674},[60,149773,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,149775,143],{"class":142},[60,149777,130],{"class":74},[60,149779,3154],{"class":1402},[60,149781,22168],{"class":2665},[60,149783,5264],{"class":126},[60,149785,2662],{"class":74},[60,149787,44853],{"class":4674},[20,149789,47022,149790,3901],{},[15,149791,59948],{},[51,149793,149795],{"className":53,"code":149794,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149796,149797,149821],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,149800,4629],{"class":66},[60,149802,71],{"class":70},[60,149804,1776],{"class":74},[60,149806,3519],{"class":1402},[60,149808,88],{"class":74},[60,149810,6994],{"class":1402},[60,149812,88],{"class":74},[60,149814,55116],{"class":1402},[60,149816,88],{"class":74},[60,149818,6994],{"class":1402},[60,149820,136],{"class":74},[60,149822,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,149824,143],{"class":142},[60,149826,130],{"class":74},[60,149828,4659],{"class":126},[60,149830,123],{"class":74},[60,149832,36840],{"class":126},[60,149834,130],{"class":74},[60,149836,3043],{"class":1402},[60,149838,6362],{"class":74},[60,149840,28773],{"class":4674},[20,149842,149843,149845,149846,149848,149850],{},[15,149844,58270],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10843,149847],{},[15,149849,59948],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[46,149852,2804],{"id":2803},[415,149854,2846,149856,6145],{"id":149855},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149857,148580],{},[20,149859,149860],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[415,149862,2808,149864,149866],{"id":149863},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149865,148580],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149868,149869],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[415,149871,149873],{"id":149872},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149875,12906,149876,123],{},[15,149877,3137],{},[415,149879,6170,149881,149883],{"id":149880},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149882,148580],{}," count strings?",[20,149885,149886],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[415,149888,6180,149890,2360,149892,2863],{"id":149889},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149891,148580],{},[15,149893,149894],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149896,149897,149899,149900,149902],{},[15,149898,58270],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149901,59948],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[46,149904,2870],{"id":2869},[33,149906,149907,149911,149916,149923,149931],{},[36,149908,149909],{},[551,149910,148689],{"href":148688},[36,149912,149913],{},[551,149914,149915],{"href":148692},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[36,149917,149918],{},[551,149919,149920,149921,2887],{"href":149709},"Python tuple ",[15,149922,59948],{},[36,149924,149925],{},[551,149926,149928,149929],{"href":149927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149930,43346],{},[36,149932,149933],{},[551,149934,59936],{"href":59935},[2912,149936,149937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":149939},[149940,149942,149945,149946,149947,149948,149949,149957,149958,149969],{"id":148656,"depth":111,"text":149941},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148696,"depth":111,"text":148697,"children":149943},[149944],{"id":104076,"depth":139,"text":104077},{"id":12469,"depth":111,"text":12470},{"id":39007,"depth":111,"text":39008},{"id":42031,"depth":111,"text":42032},{"id":149219,"depth":111,"text":149220},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":149950},[149951,149953,149954,149956],{"id":149379,"depth":139,"text":149952},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":59573,"depth":139,"text":59989},{"id":149575,"depth":139,"text":149955},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":149588,"depth":139,"text":149589},{"id":149693,"depth":111,"text":149694},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":149959},[149960,149962,149964,149965,149967],{"id":149855,"depth":139,"text":149961},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149863,"depth":139,"text":149963},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149872,"depth":139,"text":149873},{"id":149880,"depth":139,"text":149966},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149889,"depth":139,"text":149968},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":148567,"description":149970},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149977,"title":149978,"body":149979,"description":151666,"extension":2980,"meta":151667,"navigation":304,"path":151668,"seo":151669,"stem":151670,"__hash__":151671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149980,"toc":151629},[149981,149984,149987,149996,149998,150128,150130,150191,150197,150199,150219,150223,150226,150229,150264,150266,150287,150290,150329,150331,150356,150363,150367,150370,150407,150409,150432,150435,150438,150450,150456,150460,150463,150469,150510,150512,150535,150538,150579,150581,150608,150610,150627,150629,150646,150649,150653,150656,150658,150692,150694,150741,150745,150784,150788,150791,150848,150850,150891,150897,150903,150908,150910,150947,150949,150969,150971,151004,151006,151039,151042,151046,151079,151081,151106,151109,151111,151125,151132,151134,151137,151141,151144,151179,151182,151217,151221,151224,151263,151266,151305,151309,151311,151341,151344,151351,151353,151385,151388,151420,151423,151454,151456,151473,151477,151480,151544,151546,151550,151557,151561,151564,151568,151571,151575,151578,151583,151589,151591,151626],[10,149982,149978],{"id":149983},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149985,149986],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149988,149989,149990,3894,149994,123],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[551,149991,149993],{"href":149992},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[551,149995,148689],{"href":148688},[46,149997,3022],{"id":3021},[51,149999,150001],{"className":53,"code":150000,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,150002,150003,150023,150032,150046,150082,150086,150096,150106,150117],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150004,150005,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015,150017,150019,150021],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150006,4629],{"class":66},[60,150008,71],{"class":70},[60,150010,1776],{"class":74},[60,150012,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150014,88],{"class":74},[60,150016,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150018,88],{"class":74},[60,150020,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150022,136],{"class":74},[60,150024,150025,150027,150029],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150026,125816],{"class":66},[60,150028,71],{"class":70},[60,150030,150031],{"class":74}," ()\n",[60,150033,150034,150037,150039,150041,150043],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,150035,150036],{"class":66},"one_item ",[60,150038,71],{"class":70},[60,150040,1776],{"class":74},[60,150042,3154],{"class":1402},[60,150044,150045],{"class":74},",)\n",[60,150047,150048,150051,150053,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,150049,150050],{"class":66},"from_list ",[60,150052,71],{"class":70},[60,150054,150055],{"class":1527}," tuple",[60,150057,2652],{"class":74},[60,150059,79],{"class":78},[60,150061,551],{"class":82},[60,150063,79],{"class":78},[60,150065,88],{"class":74},[60,150067,91],{"class":78},[60,150069,2258],{"class":82},[60,150071,79],{"class":78},[60,150073,88],{"class":74},[60,150075,91],{"class":78},[60,150077,1895],{"class":82},[60,150079,79],{"class":78},[60,150081,2677],{"class":74},[60,150083,150084],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,150085,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,150087,150088,150090,150092,150094],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,150089,143],{"class":142},[60,150091,130],{"class":74},[60,150093,4659],{"class":126},[60,150095,136],{"class":74},[60,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,150099,143],{"class":142},[60,150101,130],{"class":74},[60,150103,125867],{"class":126},[60,150105,136],{"class":74},[60,150107,150108,150110,150112,150115],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,150109,143],{"class":142},[60,150111,130],{"class":74},[60,150113,150114],{"class":126},"one_item",[60,150116,136],{"class":74},[60,150118,150119,150121,150123,150126],{"class":62,"line":7431},[60,150120,143],{"class":142},[60,150122,130],{"class":74},[60,150124,150125],{"class":126},"from_list",[60,150127,136],{"class":74},[20,150129,153],{},[51,150131,150133],{"className":53,"code":150132,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150134,150135,150151,150155,150163],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150136,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150138,130],{"class":74},[60,150140,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150142,88],{"class":74},[60,150144,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150146,88],{"class":74},[60,150148,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150150,136],{"class":74},[60,150152,150153],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150154,9640],{"class":74},[60,150156,150157,150159,150161],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,150158,130],{"class":74},[60,150160,3154],{"class":1402},[60,150162,150045],{"class":74},[60,150164,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,150166,130],{"class":74},[60,150168,356],{"class":78},[60,150170,551],{"class":82},[60,150172,356],{"class":78},[60,150174,88],{"class":74},[60,150176,365],{"class":78},[60,150178,2258],{"class":82},[60,150180,356],{"class":78},[60,150182,88],{"class":74},[60,150184,365],{"class":78},[60,150186,1895],{"class":82},[60,150188,356],{"class":78},[60,150190,136],{"class":74},[20,150192,150193,150194,123],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,150195,150196],{},"(5,)",[46,150198,16156],{"id":16155},[33,150200,150201,150204,150207,150210,150213,150216],{},[36,150202,150203],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[36,150205,150206],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[36,150208,150209],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[36,150211,150212],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[36,150214,150215],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[36,150217,150218],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[46,150220,150222],{"id":150221},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,150224,150225],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,150227,150228],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[51,150230,150232],{"className":53,"code":150231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150233,150234,150254],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150237,4629],{"class":66},[60,150239,71],{"class":70},[60,150241,1776],{"class":74},[60,150243,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150245,88],{"class":74},[60,150247,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150249,88],{"class":74},[60,150251,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150253,136],{"class":74},[60,150255,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150257,143],{"class":142},[60,150259,130],{"class":74},[60,150261,4659],{"class":126},[60,150263,136],{"class":74},[20,150265,153],{},[51,150267,150269],{"className":53,"code":150268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150270,150271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150272,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150274,130],{"class":74},[60,150276,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150278,88],{"class":74},[60,150280,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150282,88],{"class":74},[60,150284,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150286,136],{"class":74},[20,150288,150289],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[51,150291,150293],{"className":53,"code":150292,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,150294,150295,150319],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150296,150297,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150298,10163],{"class":66},[60,150300,71],{"class":70},[60,150302,1776],{"class":74},[60,150304,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150306,88],{"class":74},[60,150308,91],{"class":78},[60,150310,1604],{"class":82},[60,150312,79],{"class":78},[60,150314,88],{"class":74},[60,150316,4919],{"class":1611},[60,150318,136],{"class":74},[60,150320,150321,150323,150325,150327],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150322,143],{"class":142},[60,150324,130],{"class":74},[60,150326,10202],{"class":126},[60,150328,136],{"class":74},[20,150330,153],{},[51,150332,150334],{"className":53,"code":150333,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,150335,150336],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150337,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150339,130],{"class":74},[60,150341,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150343,88],{"class":74},[60,150345,365],{"class":78},[60,150347,1604],{"class":82},[60,150349,356],{"class":78},[60,150351,88],{"class":74},[60,150353,4919],{"class":1611},[60,150355,136],{"class":74},[20,150357,150358,150359,123],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[551,150360,150362],{"href":150361},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[46,150364,150366],{"id":150365},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,150368,150369],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[51,150371,150373],{"className":53,"code":150372,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150374,150375,150383,150393],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150376,150377,150379,150381],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150378,125816],{"class":66},[60,150380,71],{"class":70},[60,150382,150031],{"class":74},[60,150384,150385,150387,150389,150391],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150386,143],{"class":142},[60,150388,130],{"class":74},[60,150390,125867],{"class":126},[60,150392,136],{"class":74},[60,150394,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,150396,143],{"class":142},[60,150398,130],{"class":74},[60,150400,2629],{"class":1527},[60,150402,130],{"class":74},[60,150404,125867],{"class":126},[60,150406,1042],{"class":74},[20,150408,153],{},[51,150410,150412],{"className":53,"code":150411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150413,150414,150418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150415,150416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150417,9640],{"class":74},[60,150419,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150421,4304],{"class":70},[60,150423,4307],{"class":3082},[60,150425,365],{"class":78},[60,150427,49934],{"class":82},[60,150429,356],{"class":78},[60,150431,4316],{"class":70},[20,150433,150434],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,150436,150437],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[33,150439,150440,150445],{},[36,150441,150442,150443],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,150444,8363],{},[36,150446,150447,150448],{},"Empty list: ",[15,150449,4797],{},[20,150451,150452,150453,123],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[551,150454,150455],{"href":58134},"Python list: creating a list",[46,150457,150459],{"id":150458},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,150461,150462],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,150464,150465,150466,150468],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[4753,150467,5632],{}," automatically a tuple:",[51,150470,150472],{"className":53,"code":150471,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,150473,150474,150486,150496],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150475,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150477,3462],{"class":66},[60,150479,71],{"class":70},[60,150481,1776],{"class":74},[60,150483,3154],{"class":1402},[60,150485,136],{"class":74},[60,150487,150488,150490,150492,150494],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150489,143],{"class":142},[60,150491,130],{"class":74},[60,150493,3487],{"class":126},[60,150495,136],{"class":74},[60,150497,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,150499,143],{"class":142},[60,150501,130],{"class":74},[60,150503,2629],{"class":1527},[60,150505,130],{"class":74},[60,150507,3487],{"class":126},[60,150509,1042],{"class":74},[20,150511,153],{},[51,150513,150515],{"className":53,"code":150514,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,150516,150517,150521],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150518,150519],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150520,3963],{"class":1402},[60,150522,150523,150525,150527,150529,150531,150533],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150524,4304],{"class":70},[60,150526,4307],{"class":3082},[60,150528,365],{"class":78},[60,150530,3206],{"class":82},[60,150532,356],{"class":78},[60,150534,4316],{"class":70},[20,150536,150537],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[51,150539,150541],{"className":53,"code":150540,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,150542,150543,150555,150565],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150544,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150546,150036],{"class":66},[60,150548,71],{"class":70},[60,150550,1776],{"class":74},[60,150552,3154],{"class":1402},[60,150554,150045],{"class":74},[60,150556,150557,150559,150561,150563],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150558,143],{"class":142},[60,150560,130],{"class":74},[60,150562,150114],{"class":126},[60,150564,136],{"class":74},[60,150566,150567,150569,150571,150573,150575,150577],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,150568,143],{"class":142},[60,150570,130],{"class":74},[60,150572,2629],{"class":1527},[60,150574,130],{"class":74},[60,150576,150114],{"class":126},[60,150578,1042],{"class":74},[20,150580,153],{},[51,150582,150584],{"className":53,"code":150583,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150585,150586,150594],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150587,150588,150590,150592],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150589,130],{"class":74},[60,150591,3154],{"class":1402},[60,150593,150045],{"class":74},[60,150595,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150597,4304],{"class":70},[60,150599,4307],{"class":3082},[60,150601,365],{"class":78},[60,150603,49934],{"class":82},[60,150605,356],{"class":78},[60,150607,4316],{"class":70},[20,150609,17649],{},[51,150611,150613],{"className":53,"code":150612,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,150614,150615],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150616,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150618,130],{"class":74},[60,150620,79],{"class":78},[60,150622,1604],{"class":82},[60,150624,79],{"class":78},[60,150626,150045],{"class":74},[20,150628,17637],{},[51,150630,150632],{"className":53,"code":150631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,150633,150634],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150635,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150637,130],{"class":74},[60,150639,79],{"class":78},[60,150641,1604],{"class":82},[60,150643,79],{"class":78},[60,150645,136],{"class":74},[20,150647,150648],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[46,150650,150652],{"id":150651},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,150654,150655],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[415,150657,57442],{"id":4659},[51,150659,150660],{"className":53,"code":150231,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150661,150662,150682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150663,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150665,4629],{"class":66},[60,150667,71],{"class":70},[60,150669,1776],{"class":74},[60,150671,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150673,88],{"class":74},[60,150675,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150677,88],{"class":74},[60,150679,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150681,136],{"class":74},[60,150683,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150685,143],{"class":142},[60,150687,130],{"class":74},[60,150689,4659],{"class":126},[60,150691,136],{"class":74},[415,150693,57445],{"id":6310},[51,150695,150697],{"className":53,"code":150696,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150698,150699,150731],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150702,1070],{"class":66},[60,150704,71],{"class":70},[60,150706,1776],{"class":74},[60,150708,79],{"class":78},[60,150710,254],{"class":82},[60,150712,79],{"class":78},[60,150714,88],{"class":74},[60,150716,91],{"class":78},[60,150718,263],{"class":82},[60,150720,79],{"class":78},[60,150722,88],{"class":74},[60,150724,91],{"class":78},[60,150726,272],{"class":82},[60,150728,79],{"class":78},[60,150730,136],{"class":74},[60,150732,150733,150735,150737,150739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150734,143],{"class":142},[60,150736,130],{"class":74},[60,150738,1119],{"class":126},[60,150740,136],{"class":74},[415,150742,150744],{"id":150743},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[51,150746,150748],{"className":53,"code":150747,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150749,150750,150774],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770,150772],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150753,60453],{"class":66},[60,150755,71],{"class":70},[60,150757,1776],{"class":74},[60,150759,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150761,88],{"class":74},[60,150763,91],{"class":78},[60,150765,1604],{"class":82},[60,150767,79],{"class":78},[60,150769,88],{"class":74},[60,150771,4919],{"class":1611},[60,150773,136],{"class":74},[60,150775,150776,150778,150780,150782],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150777,143],{"class":142},[60,150779,130],{"class":74},[60,150781,60506],{"class":126},[60,150783,136],{"class":74},[415,150785,150787],{"id":150786},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150789,150790],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[51,150792,150794],{"className":53,"code":150793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150795,150796,150837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150797,150798,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150799,150800],{"class":66},"nested ",[60,150802,71],{"class":70},[60,150804,1776],{"class":74},[60,150806,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150808,88],{"class":74},[60,150810,1776],{"class":74},[60,150812,79],{"class":78},[60,150814,551],{"class":82},[60,150816,79],{"class":78},[60,150818,88],{"class":74},[60,150820,91],{"class":78},[60,150822,2258],{"class":82},[60,150824,79],{"class":78},[60,150826,10231],{"class":74},[60,150828,75],{"class":74},[60,150830,1345],{"class":1402},[60,150832,88],{"class":74},[60,150834,1407],{"class":1402},[60,150836,2677],{"class":74},[60,150838,150839,150841,150843,150846],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150840,143],{"class":142},[60,150842,130],{"class":74},[60,150844,150845],{"class":126},"nested",[60,150847,136],{"class":74},[20,150849,153],{},[51,150851,150853],{"className":53,"code":150852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150854,150855],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150856,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885,150887,150889],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150858,130],{"class":74},[60,150860,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150862,88],{"class":74},[60,150864,1776],{"class":74},[60,150866,356],{"class":78},[60,150868,551],{"class":82},[60,150870,356],{"class":78},[60,150872,88],{"class":74},[60,150874,365],{"class":78},[60,150876,2258],{"class":82},[60,150878,356],{"class":78},[60,150880,10231],{"class":74},[60,150882,75],{"class":74},[60,150884,1345],{"class":1402},[60,150886,88],{"class":74},[60,150888,1407],{"class":1402},[60,150890,2677],{"class":74},[46,150892,150894,150895],{"id":150893},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150896,39034],{},[20,150898,150899,150900,150902],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150901,39034],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150904,150905,150906,123],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[551,150907,64193],{"href":64192},[415,150909,106217],{"id":106216},[51,150911,150913],{"className":53,"code":150912,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150914,150915,150937],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150916,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929,150931,150933,150935],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150918,4629],{"class":66},[60,150920,71],{"class":70},[60,150922,150055],{"class":1527},[60,150924,2652],{"class":74},[60,150926,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150928,88],{"class":74},[60,150930,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150932,88],{"class":74},[60,150934,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150936,2677],{"class":74},[60,150938,150939,150941,150943,150945],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150940,143],{"class":142},[60,150942,130],{"class":74},[60,150944,4659],{"class":126},[60,150946,136],{"class":74},[20,150948,153],{},[51,150950,150951],{"className":53,"code":150268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,150952,150953],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150954,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965,150967],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150956,130],{"class":74},[60,150958,1432],{"class":1402},[60,150960,88],{"class":74},[60,150962,1437],{"class":1402},[60,150964,88],{"class":74},[60,150966,1442],{"class":1402},[60,150968,136],{"class":74},[415,150970,106403],{"id":106402},[51,150972,150974],{"className":53,"code":150973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150975,150976,150994],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,150977,150978,150980,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,150979,767],{"class":66},[60,150981,71],{"class":70},[60,150983,150055],{"class":1527},[60,150985,130],{"class":74},[60,150987,79],{"class":78},[60,150989,42547],{"class":82},[60,150991,79],{"class":78},[60,150993,136],{"class":74},[60,150995,150996,150998,151000,151002],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,150997,143],{"class":142},[60,150999,130],{"class":74},[60,151001,843],{"class":126},[60,151003,136],{"class":74},[20,151005,153],{},[51,151007,151009],{"className":53,"code":151008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,151010,151011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151012,151013,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151014,130],{"class":74},[60,151016,356],{"class":78},[60,151018,551],{"class":82},[60,151020,356],{"class":78},[60,151022,88],{"class":74},[60,151024,365],{"class":78},[60,151026,2258],{"class":82},[60,151028,356],{"class":78},[60,151030,88],{"class":74},[60,151032,365],{"class":78},[60,151034,1895],{"class":82},[60,151036,356],{"class":78},[60,151038,136],{"class":74},[20,151040,151041],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[415,151043,151045],{"id":151044},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[51,151047,151049],{"className":53,"code":151048,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,151050,151051,151069],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151052,151053,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151054,1336],{"class":66},[60,151056,71],{"class":70},[60,151058,150055],{"class":1527},[60,151060,130],{"class":74},[60,151062,60979],{"class":142},[60,151064,130],{"class":74},[60,151066,3519],{"class":1402},[60,151068,1042],{"class":74},[60,151070,151071,151073,151075,151077],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151072,143],{"class":142},[60,151074,130],{"class":74},[60,151076,1388],{"class":126},[60,151078,136],{"class":74},[20,151080,153],{},[51,151082,151084],{"className":53,"code":151083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,151085,151086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151087,151088,151090,151092,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151089,130],{"class":74},[60,151091,3137],{"class":1402},[60,151093,88],{"class":74},[60,151095,6499],{"class":1402},[60,151097,88],{"class":74},[60,151099,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151101,88],{"class":74},[60,151103,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151105,136],{"class":74},[20,151107,151108],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[46,151110,21795],{"id":21794},[33,151112,151113,151116,151119,151122],{},[36,151114,151115],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[36,151117,151118],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[36,151120,151121],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[36,151123,151124],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,151126,151127,151128,123],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[551,151129,151131],{"href":151130},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[46,151133,3845],{"id":3844},[20,151135,151136],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[415,151138,151140],{"id":151139},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,151142,151143],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[51,151145,151147],{"className":53,"code":151146,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151148,151149,151165],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151150,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151152,29531],{"class":66},[60,151154,71],{"class":70},[60,151156,1776],{"class":74},[60,151158,79],{"class":78},[60,151160,1604],{"class":82},[60,151162,79],{"class":78},[60,151164,136],{"class":74},[60,151166,151167,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151168,143],{"class":142},[60,151170,130],{"class":74},[60,151172,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151174,130],{"class":74},[60,151176,2659],{"class":126},[60,151178,1042],{"class":74},[20,151180,151181],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[51,151183,151185],{"className":53,"code":151184,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,151186,151187,151203],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151188,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151190,29531],{"class":66},[60,151192,71],{"class":70},[60,151194,1776],{"class":74},[60,151196,79],{"class":78},[60,151198,1604],{"class":82},[60,151200,79],{"class":78},[60,151202,150045],{"class":74},[60,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151206,143],{"class":142},[60,151208,130],{"class":74},[60,151210,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151212,130],{"class":74},[60,151214,2659],{"class":126},[60,151216,1042],{"class":74},[415,151218,151220],{"id":151219},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,151222,151223],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[51,151225,151227],{"className":53,"code":151226,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151228,151229,151249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151230,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151232,1336],{"class":66},[60,151234,71],{"class":70},[60,151236,75],{"class":74},[60,151238,1432],{"class":1402},[60,151240,88],{"class":74},[60,151242,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151244,88],{"class":74},[60,151246,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151248,108],{"class":74},[60,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151252,143],{"class":142},[60,151254,130],{"class":74},[60,151256,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151258,130],{"class":74},[60,151260,1388],{"class":126},[60,151262,1042],{"class":74},[20,151264,151265],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[51,151267,151269],{"className":53,"code":151268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,151270,151271,151291],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151272,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151274,1336],{"class":66},[60,151276,71],{"class":70},[60,151278,1776],{"class":74},[60,151280,1432],{"class":1402},[60,151282,88],{"class":74},[60,151284,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151286,88],{"class":74},[60,151288,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151290,136],{"class":74},[60,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151294,143],{"class":142},[60,151296,130],{"class":74},[60,151298,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151300,130],{"class":74},[60,151302,1388],{"class":126},[60,151304,1042],{"class":74},[415,151306,151308],{"id":151307},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,151310,151121],{},[51,151312,151314],{"className":53,"code":151313,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,151315,151316,151336],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151319,4629],{"class":66},[60,151321,71],{"class":70},[60,151323,1776],{"class":74},[60,151325,1432],{"class":1402},[60,151327,88],{"class":74},[60,151329,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151331,88],{"class":74},[60,151333,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151335,136],{"class":74},[60,151337,151338],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151339,151340],{"class":4674},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,151342,151343],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[415,151345,38192,151347,151350],{"id":151346},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,151348,151349],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,151352,65618],{},[51,151354,151355],{"className":53,"code":150973,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151356,151357,151375],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151360,767],{"class":66},[60,151362,71],{"class":70},[60,151364,150055],{"class":1527},[60,151366,130],{"class":74},[60,151368,79],{"class":78},[60,151370,42547],{"class":82},[60,151372,79],{"class":78},[60,151374,136],{"class":74},[60,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151378,143],{"class":142},[60,151380,130],{"class":74},[60,151382,843],{"class":126},[60,151384,136],{"class":74},[20,151386,151387],{},"gives:",[51,151389,151390],{"className":53,"code":151008,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151391,151392],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151393,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151395,130],{"class":74},[60,151397,356],{"class":78},[60,151399,551],{"class":82},[60,151401,356],{"class":78},[60,151403,88],{"class":74},[60,151405,365],{"class":78},[60,151407,2258],{"class":82},[60,151409,356],{"class":78},[60,151411,88],{"class":74},[60,151413,365],{"class":78},[60,151415,1895],{"class":82},[60,151417,356],{"class":78},[60,151419,136],{"class":74},[20,151421,151422],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[51,151424,151426],{"className":53,"code":151425,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,151427,151428,151444],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151429,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151431,7154],{"class":66},[60,151433,71],{"class":70},[60,151435,1776],{"class":74},[60,151437,79],{"class":78},[60,151439,42547],{"class":82},[60,151441,79],{"class":78},[60,151443,150045],{"class":74},[60,151445,151446,151448,151450,151452],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151447,143],{"class":142},[60,151449,130],{"class":74},[60,151451,39379],{"class":126},[60,151453,136],{"class":74},[20,151455,153],{},[51,151457,151459],{"className":53,"code":151458,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('abc',)\n",[15,151460,151461],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151462,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151464,130],{"class":74},[60,151466,356],{"class":78},[60,151468,42547],{"class":82},[60,151470,356],{"class":78},[60,151472,150045],{"class":74},[415,151474,151476],{"id":151475},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,151478,151479],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[51,151481,151483],{"className":53,"code":151482,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,151484,151485,151502,151506,151516,151530],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151486,151487,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151488,151489],{"class":66},"my_tuple ",[60,151491,71],{"class":70},[60,151493,1776],{"class":74},[60,151495,79],{"class":78},[60,151497,1604],{"class":82},[60,151499,79],{"class":78},[60,151501,150045],{"class":74},[60,151503,151504],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151505,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,151507,151508,151510,151512,151514],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,151509,143],{"class":142},[60,151511,130],{"class":74},[60,151513,148707],{"class":126},[60,151515,136],{"class":74},[60,151517,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,151519,143],{"class":142},[60,151521,130],{"class":74},[60,151523,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151525,130],{"class":74},[60,151527,148707],{"class":126},[60,151529,1042],{"class":74},[60,151531,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,151533,143],{"class":142},[60,151535,130],{"class":74},[60,151537,12157],{"class":142},[60,151539,130],{"class":74},[60,151541,148707],{"class":126},[60,151543,1042],{"class":74},[46,151545,2804],{"id":2803},[415,151547,151549],{"id":151548},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,151551,151552,151553,151556],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,151554,151555],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[415,151558,151560],{"id":151559},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,151562,151563],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[415,151565,151567],{"id":151566},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,151569,151570],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[415,151572,151574],{"id":151573},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,151576,151577],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[415,151579,2846,151581,13710],{"id":151580},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,151582,151349],{},[20,151584,6148,151585,151588],{},[15,151586,151587],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[46,151590,2870],{"id":2869},[33,151592,151593,151597,151601,151607,151612,151617,151621],{},[36,151594,151595],{},[551,151596,148689],{"href":148688},[36,151598,151599],{},[551,151600,150362],{"href":150361},[36,151602,151603],{},[551,151604,151606],{"href":151605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[36,151608,151609],{},[551,151610,151611],{"href":149927},"Python tuple length with len()",[36,151613,151614],{},[551,151615,151616],{"href":149992},"What is a tuple in Python?",[36,151618,151619],{},[551,151620,64193],{"href":64192},[36,151622,151623],{},[551,151624,151625],{"href":151130},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2912,151627,151628],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":151630},[151631,151632,151633,151634,151635,151636,151642,151648,151649,151657,151665],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":150221,"depth":111,"text":150222},{"id":150365,"depth":111,"text":150366},{"id":150458,"depth":111,"text":150459},{"id":150651,"depth":111,"text":150652,"children":151637},[151638,151639,151640,151641],{"id":4659,"depth":139,"text":57442},{"id":6310,"depth":139,"text":57445},{"id":150743,"depth":139,"text":150744},{"id":150786,"depth":139,"text":150787},{"id":150893,"depth":111,"text":151643,"children":151644},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151645,151646,151647],{"id":106216,"depth":139,"text":106217},{"id":106402,"depth":139,"text":106403},{"id":151044,"depth":139,"text":151045},{"id":21794,"depth":111,"text":21795},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":151650},[151651,151652,151653,151654,151656],{"id":151139,"depth":139,"text":151140},{"id":151219,"depth":139,"text":151220},{"id":151307,"depth":139,"text":151308},{"id":151346,"depth":139,"text":151655},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":151475,"depth":139,"text":151476},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":151658},[151659,151660,151661,151662,151663],{"id":151548,"depth":139,"text":151549},{"id":151559,"depth":139,"text":151560},{"id":151566,"depth":139,"text":151567},{"id":151573,"depth":139,"text":151574},{"id":151580,"depth":139,"text":151664},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149978,"description":151666},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151673,"title":151674,"body":151675,"description":153220,"extension":2980,"meta":153221,"navigation":304,"path":153222,"seo":153223,"stem":153224,"__hash__":153225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151676,"toc":153190},[151677,151680,151685,151687,151700,151706,151708,151775,151777,151812,151817,151821,151825,151827,151838,151846,151848,151850,151871,151873,151893,151896,151898,151903,151946,151948,151970,151973,151986,151990,151994,151997,152050,152052,152073,152078,152082,152085,152130,152132,152165,152177,152181,152189,152226,152228,152257,152261,152264,152317,152319,152339,152346,152350,152355,152424,152426,152451,152455,152458,152464,152541,152543,152602,152604,152616,152621,152625,152629,152643,152645,152680,152682,152699,152702,152715,152719,152723,152734,152739,152754,152757,152760,152762,152765,152769,152771,152785,152787,152811,152816,152820,152823,152842,152845,152894,152899,152916,152919,152952,152956,152958,153009,153012,153037,153040,153063,153067,153073,153075,153110,153113,153118,153120,153124,153127,153131,153136,153140,153143,153147,153150,153154,153159,153161,153187],[10,151678,151674],{"id":151679},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,151681,10120,151682,151684],{},[15,151683,39034],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,151686,83562],{},[33,151688,151689,151694],{},[36,151690,151691,151693],{},[15,151692,39034],{}," creates an empty tuple",[36,151695,151696,151699],{},[15,151697,151698],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151701,151702,151703,151705],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151704,39034],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[46,151707,3022],{"id":3021},[51,151709,151711],{"className":53,"code":151710,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151712,151713,151733,151747,151751,151761],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151714,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723,151725,151727,151729,151731],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151716,4629],{"class":66},[60,151718,71],{"class":70},[60,151720,75],{"class":74},[60,151722,1432],{"class":1402},[60,151724,88],{"class":74},[60,151726,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151728,88],{"class":74},[60,151730,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151732,108],{"class":74},[60,151734,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151736,114],{"class":66},[60,151738,71],{"class":70},[60,151740,150055],{"class":1527},[60,151742,130],{"class":74},[60,151744,4659],{"class":126},[60,151746,136],{"class":74},[60,151748,151749],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,151750,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,151752,151753,151755,151757,151759],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,151754,143],{"class":142},[60,151756,130],{"class":74},[60,151758,148],{"class":126},[60,151760,136],{"class":74},[60,151762,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,151764,143],{"class":142},[60,151766,130],{"class":74},[60,151768,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151770,130],{"class":74},[60,151772,148],{"class":126},[60,151774,1042],{"class":74},[20,151776,153],{},[51,151778,151780],{"className":53,"code":151779,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151781,151782,151798],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151785,130],{"class":74},[60,151787,1432],{"class":1402},[60,151789,88],{"class":74},[60,151791,1437],{"class":1402},[60,151793,88],{"class":74},[60,151795,1442],{"class":1402},[60,151797,136],{"class":74},[60,151799,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151801,4304],{"class":70},[60,151803,4307],{"class":3082},[60,151805,365],{"class":78},[60,151807,49934],{"class":82},[60,151809,356],{"class":78},[60,151811,4316],{"class":70},[20,151813,171,151814,151816],{},[15,151815,151698],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[46,151818,151820],{"id":151819},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151822,151823,63901],{},[15,151824,39034],{},[20,151826,49908],{},[33,151828,151829,151832,151835],{},[36,151830,151831],{},"creates a tuple object",[36,151833,151834],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[36,151836,151837],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151839,151840,151841,151843,151844,123],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[551,151842,149993],{"href":149992}," or the full guide to ",[551,151845,148689],{"href":148688},[46,151847,389],{"id":388},[20,151849,27480],{},[51,151851,151853],{"className":53,"code":151852,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151854,151855,151861],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151856,151857,151859],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151858,49934],{"class":1527},[60,151860,9640],{"class":74},[60,151862,151863,151865,151867,151869],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151864,49934],{"class":1527},[60,151866,130],{"class":74},[60,151868,411],{"class":126},[60,151870,136],{"class":74},[20,151872,189],{},[33,151874,151875,151878],{},[36,151876,151877],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[36,151879,151880,151881],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[33,151882,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891],{},[36,151884,6301],{},[36,151886,6310],{},[36,151888,63972],{},[36,151890,6307],{},[36,151892,8249],{},[20,151894,151895],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[46,151897,150366],{"id":150365},[20,151899,30643,151900,151902],{},[15,151901,39034],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[51,151904,151906],{"className":53,"code":151905,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151907,151908,151918,151922,151932],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151909,151910,151912,151914,151916],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151911,125816],{"class":66},[60,151913,71],{"class":70},[60,151915,150055],{"class":1527},[60,151917,9640],{"class":74},[60,151919,151920],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151921,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,151923,151924,151926,151928,151930],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,151925,143],{"class":142},[60,151927,130],{"class":74},[60,151929,125867],{"class":126},[60,151931,136],{"class":74},[60,151933,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,151935,143],{"class":142},[60,151937,130],{"class":74},[60,151939,2629],{"class":1527},[60,151941,130],{"class":74},[60,151943,125867],{"class":126},[60,151945,1042],{"class":74},[20,151947,153],{},[51,151949,151950],{"className":53,"code":150411,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,151951,151952,151956],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151953,151954],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151955,9640],{"class":74},[60,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,151959,4304],{"class":70},[60,151961,4307],{"class":3082},[60,151963,365],{"class":78},[60,151965,49934],{"class":82},[60,151967,356],{"class":78},[60,151969,4316],{"class":70},[20,151971,151972],{},"This is equivalent to:",[51,151974,151976],{"className":53,"code":151975,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty = ()\n",[15,151977,151978],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,151979,151980,151982,151984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,151981,125816],{"class":66},[60,151983,71],{"class":70},[60,151985,150031],{"class":74},[46,151987,151989],{"id":151988},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[415,151991,151993],{"id":151992},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151995,151996],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[51,151998,152000],{"className":53,"code":151999,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152001,152002,152022,152036,152040],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152003,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152005,4629],{"class":66},[60,152007,71],{"class":70},[60,152009,75],{"class":74},[60,152011,1345],{"class":1402},[60,152013,88],{"class":74},[60,152015,1407],{"class":1402},[60,152017,88],{"class":74},[60,152019,8791],{"class":1402},[60,152021,108],{"class":74},[60,152023,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152025,114],{"class":66},[60,152027,71],{"class":70},[60,152029,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152031,130],{"class":74},[60,152033,4659],{"class":126},[60,152035,136],{"class":74},[60,152037,152038],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152039,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152041,152042,152044,152046,152048],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,152043,143],{"class":142},[60,152045,130],{"class":74},[60,152047,148],{"class":126},[60,152049,136],{"class":74},[20,152051,153],{},[51,152053,152055],{"className":53,"code":152054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,152056,152057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152058,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152060,130],{"class":74},[60,152062,1345],{"class":1402},[60,152064,88],{"class":74},[60,152066,1407],{"class":1402},[60,152068,88],{"class":74},[60,152070,8791],{"class":1402},[60,152072,136],{"class":74},[20,152074,152075,152076,123],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[551,152077,106022],{"href":61036},[415,152079,152081],{"id":152080},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,152083,152084],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[51,152086,152088],{"className":53,"code":152087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152089,152090,152102,152116,152120],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152091,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152093,35681],{"class":66},[60,152095,71],{"class":70},[60,152097,91],{"class":78},[60,152099,38035],{"class":82},[60,152101,2389],{"class":78},[60,152103,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152105,114],{"class":66},[60,152107,71],{"class":70},[60,152109,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152111,130],{"class":74},[60,152113,35702],{"class":126},[60,152115,136],{"class":74},[60,152117,152118],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152119,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152121,152122,152124,152126,152128],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,152123,143],{"class":142},[60,152125,130],{"class":74},[60,152127,148],{"class":126},[60,152129,136],{"class":74},[20,152131,153],{},[51,152133,152135],{"className":53,"code":152134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,152136,152137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152138,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152140,130],{"class":74},[60,152142,356],{"class":78},[60,152144,1895],{"class":82},[60,152146,356],{"class":78},[60,152148,88],{"class":74},[60,152150,365],{"class":78},[60,152152,551],{"class":82},[60,152154,356],{"class":78},[60,152156,88],{"class":74},[60,152158,365],{"class":78},[60,152160,794],{"class":82},[60,152162,356],{"class":78},[60,152164,136],{"class":74},[20,152166,152167,152168,15046,152171,152173,152174,123],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,152169,152170],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[4753,152172,5632],{}," create ",[15,152175,152176],{},"('cat',)",[415,152178,152180],{"id":152179},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,152182,152183,152185,152186,152188],{},[15,152184,37186],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,152187,39034],{}," collects them all.",[51,152190,152192],{"className":53,"code":152191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152193,152194,152212,152216],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152195,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152197,114],{"class":66},[60,152199,71],{"class":70},[60,152201,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152203,130],{"class":74},[60,152205,60979],{"class":142},[60,152207,130],{"class":74},[60,152209,3154],{"class":1402},[60,152211,1042],{"class":74},[60,152213,152214],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152215,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152217,152218,152220,152222,152224],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152219,143],{"class":142},[60,152221,130],{"class":74},[60,152223,148],{"class":126},[60,152225,136],{"class":74},[20,152227,153],{},[51,152229,152231],{"className":53,"code":152230,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,152232,152233],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152236,130],{"class":74},[60,152238,3137],{"class":1402},[60,152240,88],{"class":74},[60,152242,6499],{"class":1402},[60,152244,88],{"class":74},[60,152246,1437],{"class":1402},[60,152248,88],{"class":74},[60,152250,1442],{"class":1402},[60,152252,88],{"class":74},[60,152254,3471],{"class":1402},[60,152256,136],{"class":74},[415,152258,152260],{"id":152259},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,152262,152263],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[51,152265,152267],{"className":53,"code":152266,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152268,152269,152289,152303,152307],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152270,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152272,1336],{"class":66},[60,152274,71],{"class":70},[60,152276,11488],{"class":74},[60,152278,1432],{"class":1402},[60,152280,88],{"class":74},[60,152282,1437],{"class":1402},[60,152284,88],{"class":74},[60,152286,1442],{"class":1402},[60,152288,10306],{"class":74},[60,152290,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152292,114],{"class":66},[60,152294,71],{"class":70},[60,152296,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152298,130],{"class":74},[60,152300,1388],{"class":126},[60,152302,136],{"class":74},[60,152304,152305],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152306,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152308,152309,152311,152313,152315],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,152310,143],{"class":142},[60,152312,130],{"class":74},[60,152314,148],{"class":126},[60,152316,136],{"class":74},[20,152318,153],{},[51,152320,152321],{"className":53,"code":150268,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152322,152323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152324,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152326,130],{"class":74},[60,152328,1432],{"class":1402},[60,152330,88],{"class":74},[60,152332,1437],{"class":1402},[60,152334,88],{"class":74},[60,152336,1442],{"class":1402},[60,152338,136],{"class":74},[20,152340,152341,152342,123],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[551,152343,152345],{"href":152344},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[415,152347,152349],{"id":152348},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,152351,64514,152352,152354],{},[15,152353,39034],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[51,152356,152358],{"className":53,"code":152357,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,152359,152360,152396,152410,152414],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152363,14196],{"class":66},[60,152365,71],{"class":70},[60,152367,11488],{"class":74},[60,152369,79],{"class":78},[60,152371,8666],{"class":82},[60,152373,79],{"class":78},[60,152375,3901],{"class":74},[60,152377,91],{"class":78},[60,152379,463],{"class":82},[60,152381,79],{"class":78},[60,152383,88],{"class":74},[60,152385,91],{"class":78},[60,152387,10296],{"class":82},[60,152389,79],{"class":78},[60,152391,3901],{"class":74},[60,152393,10303],{"class":1402},[60,152395,10306],{"class":74},[60,152397,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152399,114],{"class":66},[60,152401,71],{"class":70},[60,152403,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152405,130],{"class":74},[60,152407,18301],{"class":126},[60,152409,136],{"class":74},[60,152411,152412],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152413,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152415,152416,152418,152420,152422],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,152417,143],{"class":142},[60,152419,130],{"class":74},[60,152421,148],{"class":126},[60,152423,136],{"class":74},[20,152425,31023],{},[51,152427,152429],{"className":53,"code":152428,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,152430,152431],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152432,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445,152447,152449],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152434,130],{"class":74},[60,152436,356],{"class":78},[60,152438,8666],{"class":82},[60,152440,356],{"class":78},[60,152442,88],{"class":74},[60,152444,365],{"class":78},[60,152446,10296],{"class":82},[60,152448,356],{"class":78},[60,152450,136],{"class":74},[46,152452,152454],{"id":152453},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,152456,152457],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,152459,152460,152463],{},[15,152461,152462],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[51,152465,152467],{"className":53,"code":152466,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,152468,152469,152505,152509,152523],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152470,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152472,14196],{"class":66},[60,152474,71],{"class":70},[60,152476,11488],{"class":74},[60,152478,79],{"class":78},[60,152480,8666],{"class":82},[60,152482,79],{"class":78},[60,152484,3901],{"class":74},[60,152486,91],{"class":78},[60,152488,463],{"class":82},[60,152490,79],{"class":78},[60,152492,88],{"class":74},[60,152494,91],{"class":78},[60,152496,10296],{"class":82},[60,152498,79],{"class":78},[60,152500,3901],{"class":74},[60,152502,10303],{"class":1402},[60,152504,10306],{"class":74},[60,152506,152507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152508,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,152510,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,152512,143],{"class":142},[60,152514,130],{"class":74},[60,152516,49934],{"class":1527},[60,152518,130],{"class":74},[60,152520,18301],{"class":126},[60,152522,1042],{"class":74},[60,152524,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,152526,143],{"class":142},[60,152528,130],{"class":74},[60,152530,49934],{"class":1527},[60,152532,130],{"class":74},[60,152534,18301],{"class":126},[60,152536,123],{"class":74},[60,152538,716],{"class":126},[60,152540,7288],{"class":74},[20,152542,153],{},[51,152544,152546],{"className":53,"code":152545,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,152547,152548,152568],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152549,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152551,130],{"class":74},[60,152553,356],{"class":78},[60,152555,8666],{"class":82},[60,152557,356],{"class":78},[60,152559,88],{"class":74},[60,152561,365],{"class":78},[60,152563,10296],{"class":82},[60,152565,356],{"class":78},[60,152567,136],{"class":74},[60,152569,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152571,6512],{"class":74},[60,152573,356],{"class":78},[60,152575,8666],{"class":82},[60,152577,356],{"class":78},[60,152579,88],{"class":74},[60,152581,365],{"class":78},[60,152583,463],{"class":82},[60,152585,356],{"class":78},[60,152587,10231],{"class":74},[60,152589,1776],{"class":74},[60,152591,356],{"class":78},[60,152593,10296],{"class":82},[60,152595,356],{"class":78},[60,152597,88],{"class":74},[60,152599,10303],{"class":1402},[60,152601,1042],{"class":74},[20,152603,19688],{},[33,152605,152606,152611],{},[36,152607,152608,152610],{},[15,152609,152462],{}," for keys",[36,152612,152613,33550],{},[15,152614,152615],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,152617,152618,152619,123],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[551,152620,64524],{"href":64523},[46,152622,152624],{"id":152623},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,152626,152627,19312],{},[15,152628,39034],{},[33,152630,152631,152634,152637,152640],{},[36,152632,152633],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[36,152635,152636],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[36,152638,152639],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[36,152641,152642],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,152644,236],{},[51,152646,152648],{"className":53,"code":152647,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,152649,152650,152669],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152651,152652,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152653,152654],{"class":66},"coordinates ",[60,152656,71],{"class":70},[60,152658,150055],{"class":1527},[60,152660,2652],{"class":74},[60,152662,3519],{"class":1402},[60,152664,88],{"class":74},[60,152666,6994],{"class":1402},[60,152668,2677],{"class":74},[60,152670,152671,152673,152675,152678],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152672,143],{"class":142},[60,152674,130],{"class":74},[60,152676,152677],{"class":126},"coordinates",[60,152679,136],{"class":74},[20,152681,153],{},[51,152683,152685],{"className":53,"code":152684,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(4, 7)\n",[15,152686,152687],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152688,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152690,130],{"class":74},[60,152692,3519],{"class":1402},[60,152694,88],{"class":74},[60,152696,6994],{"class":1402},[60,152698,136],{"class":74},[20,152700,152701],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[33,152703,152704,152706,152709,152712],{},[36,152705,152677],{},[36,152707,152708],{},"RGB colors",[36,152710,152711],{},"dates",[36,152713,152714],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[46,152716,152718],{"id":152717},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152720,45410,152721,11598],{},[15,152722,39034],{},[33,152724,152725,152728,152731],{},[36,152726,152727],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[36,152729,152730],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[36,152732,152733],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152735,117447,152736,152738],{},[4753,152737,5632],{}," work:",[51,152740,152742],{"className":53,"code":152741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152743,152744],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152745,152746,152748,152750,152752],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152747,49934],{"class":1527},[60,152749,130],{"class":74},[60,152751,3154],{"class":1402},[60,152753,136],{"class":74},[20,152755,152756],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152758,152759],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[46,152761,116285],{"id":116284},[20,152763,152764],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[415,152766,152768],{"id":152767},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152770,3852],{},[51,152772,152773],{"className":53,"code":152741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152774,152775],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152776,152777,152779,152781,152783],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152778,49934],{"class":1527},[60,152780,130],{"class":74},[60,152782,3154],{"class":1402},[60,152784,136],{"class":74},[20,152786,30674],{},[51,152788,152789],{"className":53,"code":64628,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,152790,152791],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152792,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152794,1472],{"class":1527},[60,152796,3901],{"class":74},[60,152798,365],{"class":78},[60,152800,3206],{"class":82},[60,152802,356],{"class":78},[60,152804,25610],{"class":1527},[60,152806,2773],{"class":70},[60,152808,9094],{"class":70},[60,152810,64651],{"class":66},[20,152812,152813,152814,123],{},"If you see this, read ",[551,152815,63267],{"href":53579},[415,152817,152819],{"id":152818},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152821,152822],{},"This code:",[51,152824,152826],{"className":53,"code":152825,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152827,152828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152829,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152831,49934],{"class":1527},[60,152833,130],{"class":74},[60,152835,79],{"class":78},[60,152837,1008],{"class":82},[60,152839,79],{"class":78},[60,152841,136],{"class":74},[20,152843,152844],{},"returns:",[51,152846,152848],{"className":53,"code":152847,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152849,152850],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152853,130],{"class":74},[60,152855,356],{"class":78},[60,152857,803],{"class":82},[60,152859,356],{"class":78},[60,152861,88],{"class":74},[60,152863,365],{"class":78},[60,152865,61427],{"class":82},[60,152867,356],{"class":78},[60,152869,88],{"class":74},[60,152871,365],{"class":78},[60,152873,61436],{"class":82},[60,152875,356],{"class":78},[60,152877,88],{"class":74},[60,152879,365],{"class":78},[60,152881,61436],{"class":82},[60,152883,356],{"class":78},[60,152885,88],{"class":74},[60,152887,365],{"class":78},[60,152889,812],{"class":82},[60,152891,356],{"class":78},[60,152893,136],{"class":74},[20,152895,41892,152896,152898],{},[4753,152897,5632],{}," return:",[51,152900,152902],{"className":53,"code":152901,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('hello',)\n",[15,152903,152904],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152905,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152907,130],{"class":74},[60,152909,356],{"class":78},[60,152911,1008],{"class":82},[60,152913,356],{"class":78},[60,152915,150045],{"class":74},[20,152917,152918],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[51,152920,152922],{"className":53,"code":152921,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152923,152924,152941],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152925,152926,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152927,152928],{"class":66},"single ",[60,152930,71],{"class":70},[60,152932,1776],{"class":74},[60,152934,79],{"class":78},[60,152936,1008],{"class":82},[60,152938,79],{"class":78},[60,152940,150045],{"class":74},[60,152942,152943,152945,152947,152950],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152944,143],{"class":142},[60,152946,130],{"class":74},[60,152948,152949],{"class":126},"single",[60,152951,136],{"class":74},[415,152953,152955],{"id":152954},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152957,152822],{},[51,152959,152961],{"className":53,"code":152960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152962,152963,152995],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,152964,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,152966,10163],{"class":66},[60,152968,71],{"class":70},[60,152970,11488],{"class":74},[60,152972,79],{"class":78},[60,152974,551],{"class":82},[60,152976,79],{"class":78},[60,152978,3901],{"class":74},[60,152980,6499],{"class":1402},[60,152982,88],{"class":74},[60,152984,91],{"class":78},[60,152986,2258],{"class":82},[60,152988,79],{"class":78},[60,152990,3901],{"class":74},[60,152992,1437],{"class":1402},[60,152994,10306],{"class":74},[60,152996,152997,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,152998,143],{"class":142},[60,153000,130],{"class":74},[60,153002,49934],{"class":1527},[60,153004,130],{"class":74},[60,153006,10202],{"class":126},[60,153008,1042],{"class":74},[20,153010,153011],{},"returns only the keys:",[51,153013,153015],{"className":53,"code":153014,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,153016,153017],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153018,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153020,130],{"class":74},[60,153022,356],{"class":78},[60,153024,551],{"class":82},[60,153026,356],{"class":78},[60,153028,88],{"class":74},[60,153030,365],{"class":78},[60,153032,2258],{"class":82},[60,153034,356],{"class":78},[60,153036,136],{"class":74},[20,153038,153039],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[51,153041,153043],{"className":53,"code":153042,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,153044,153045],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153046,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153048,143],{"class":142},[60,153050,130],{"class":74},[60,153052,49934],{"class":1527},[60,153054,130],{"class":74},[60,153056,10202],{"class":126},[60,153058,123],{"class":74},[60,153060,716],{"class":126},[60,153062,7288],{"class":74},[415,153064,153066],{"id":153065},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,153068,153069,153070,153072],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,153071,39034],{}," conversion.",[20,153074,6473],{},[51,153076,153078],{"className":53,"code":153077,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,153079,153080,153100],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153081,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153083,3462],{"class":66},[60,153085,71],{"class":70},[60,153087,1776],{"class":74},[60,153089,1432],{"class":1402},[60,153091,88],{"class":74},[60,153093,1437],{"class":1402},[60,153095,88],{"class":74},[60,153097,1442],{"class":1402},[60,153099,136],{"class":74},[60,153101,153102,153104,153106,153108],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153103,143],{"class":142},[60,153105,130],{"class":74},[60,153107,3487],{"class":126},[60,153109,136],{"class":74},[20,153111,153112],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,153114,26499,153115,153117],{},[15,153116,39034],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[46,153119,2804],{"id":2803},[415,153121,153123],{"id":153122},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,153125,153126],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[415,153128,153130],{"id":153129},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,153132,153133,153134,123],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,153135,8363],{},[415,153137,153139],{"id":153138},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,153141,153142],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[415,153144,153146],{"id":153145},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,153148,153149],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[415,153151,153153],{"id":153152},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,153155,153156,153157,123],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,153158,1472],{},[46,153160,2870],{"id":2869},[33,153162,153163,153167,153171,153175,153179,153183],{},[36,153164,153165],{},[551,153166,148689],{"href":148688},[36,153168,153169],{},[551,153170,151616],{"href":149992},[36,153172,153173],{},[551,153174,106022],{"href":61036},[36,153176,153177],{},[551,153178,152345],{"href":152344},[36,153180,153181],{},[551,153182,64524],{"href":64523},[36,153184,153185],{},[551,153186,63267],{"href":53579},[2912,153188,153189],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":153191},[153192,153193,153194,153195,153196,153203,153204,153205,153206,153212,153219],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":151819,"depth":111,"text":151820},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":150365,"depth":111,"text":150366},{"id":151988,"depth":111,"text":151989,"children":153197},[153198,153199,153200,153201,153202],{"id":151992,"depth":139,"text":151993},{"id":152080,"depth":139,"text":152081},{"id":152179,"depth":139,"text":152180},{"id":152259,"depth":139,"text":152260},{"id":152348,"depth":139,"text":152349},{"id":152453,"depth":111,"text":152454},{"id":152623,"depth":111,"text":152624},{"id":152717,"depth":111,"text":152718},{"id":116284,"depth":111,"text":116285,"children":153207},[153208,153209,153210,153211],{"id":152767,"depth":139,"text":152768},{"id":152818,"depth":139,"text":152819},{"id":152954,"depth":139,"text":152955},{"id":153065,"depth":139,"text":153066},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":153213},[153214,153215,153216,153217,153218],{"id":153122,"depth":139,"text":153123},{"id":153129,"depth":139,"text":153130},{"id":153138,"depth":139,"text":153139},{"id":153145,"depth":139,"text":153146},{"id":153152,"depth":139,"text":153153},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151674,"description":153220},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":153227,"title":153228,"body":153229,"description":154642,"extension":2980,"meta":154643,"navigation":304,"path":154644,"seo":154645,"stem":154646,"__hash__":154647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":153230,"toc":154614},[153231,153236,153241,153244,153246,153325,153331,153336,153340,153355,153357,153404,153406,153414,153422,153428,153430,153435,153455,153458,153485,153487,153511,153513,153655,153657,153661,153669,153672,153674,153751,153753,153761,153765,153769,153779,153789,153791,153796,153798,153857,153862,153864,153964,153966,153980,153985,153991,153998,154001,154003,154113,154117,154134,154136,154199,154201,154209,154221,154225,154230,154258,154261,154343,154345,154356,154358,154362,154389,154391,154393,154473,154481,154483,154538,154540,154545,154548,154552,154556,154558,154562,154566,154574,154581,154584,154586,154611],[10,153232,148573,153234,18],{"id":153233},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,153235,59948],{},[20,153237,153238,153240],{},[15,153239,149894],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,153242,153243],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[46,153245,3022],{"id":3021},[51,153247,153249],{"className":53,"code":153248,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,153250,153251,153291,153313],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153252,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153254,1070],{"class":66},[60,153256,71],{"class":70},[60,153258,1776],{"class":74},[60,153260,79],{"class":78},[60,153262,254],{"class":82},[60,153264,79],{"class":78},[60,153266,88],{"class":74},[60,153268,91],{"class":78},[60,153270,272],{"class":82},[60,153272,79],{"class":78},[60,153274,88],{"class":74},[60,153276,91],{"class":78},[60,153278,263],{"class":82},[60,153280,79],{"class":78},[60,153282,88],{"class":74},[60,153284,91],{"class":78},[60,153286,272],{"class":82},[60,153288,79],{"class":78},[60,153290,136],{"class":74},[60,153292,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303,153305,153307,153309,153311],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153294,65894],{"class":66},[60,153296,71],{"class":70},[60,153298,14115],{"class":66},[60,153300,123],{"class":74},[60,153302,36840],{"class":126},[60,153304,130],{"class":74},[60,153306,79],{"class":78},[60,153308,272],{"class":82},[60,153310,79],{"class":78},[60,153312,136],{"class":74},[60,153314,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,153316,143],{"class":142},[60,153318,130],{"class":74},[60,153320,65921],{"class":126},[60,153322,2662],{"class":74},[60,153324,28773],{"class":4674},[20,153326,153327,153330],{},[15,153328,153329],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[46,153332,178,153334,181],{"id":153333},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,153335,149894],{},[20,153337,2997,153338,12408],{},[15,153339,59948],{},[33,153341,153342,153345,153347,153350],{},[36,153343,153344],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[36,153346,129431],{},[36,153348,153349],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[36,153351,153352,153353],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,153354,3137],{},[20,153356,236],{},[51,153358,153360],{"className":53,"code":153359,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,153361,153362,153386],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153363,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153365,4629],{"class":66},[60,153367,71],{"class":70},[60,153369,1776],{"class":74},[60,153371,1345],{"class":1402},[60,153373,88],{"class":74},[60,153375,1407],{"class":1402},[60,153377,88],{"class":74},[60,153379,8791],{"class":1402},[60,153381,88],{"class":74},[60,153383,1407],{"class":1402},[60,153385,136],{"class":74},[60,153387,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153389,143],{"class":142},[60,153391,130],{"class":74},[60,153393,4659],{"class":126},[60,153395,123],{"class":74},[60,153397,36840],{"class":126},[60,153399,130],{"class":74},[60,153401,1354],{"class":1402},[60,153403,1042],{"class":74},[20,153405,153],{},[51,153407,153408],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,153409,153410],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153411,153412],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153413,47899],{"class":1402},[20,153415,21972,153416,153418,153419,153421],{},[15,153417,1354],{}," appears twice, ",[15,153420,59948],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,153423,151840,153424,123],{},[551,153425,153427],{"href":153426},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[46,153429,389],{"id":388},[20,153431,8760,153432,153434],{},[15,153433,59948],{}," in two ways:",[51,153436,153438],{"className":53,"code":153437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,153439,153440],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153441,153442,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153443,153444],{"class":66},"tuple_name",[60,153446,123],{"class":74},[60,153448,36840],{"class":126},[60,153450,130],{"class":74},[60,153452,3487],{"class":126},[60,153454,136],{"class":74},[20,153456,153457],{},"or:",[51,153459,153461],{"className":53,"code":153460,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,153462,153463],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153464,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153466,153444],{"class":66},[60,153468,123],{"class":74},[60,153470,36840],{"class":126},[60,153472,130],{"class":74},[60,153474,3487],{"class":126},[60,153476,88],{"class":74},[60,153478,37041],{"class":126},[60,153480,88],{"class":74},[60,153482,66015],{"class":126},[60,153484,136],{"class":74},[415,153486,18389],{"id":18388},[33,153488,153489,153494,153499,153504],{},[36,153490,153491,153493],{},[15,153492,3487],{}," — the item to search for",[36,153495,153496,153498],{},[15,153497,37062],{}," — optional starting position",[36,153500,153501,153503],{},[15,153502,53640],{}," — optional ending position",[36,153505,153506,5785,153508,153510],{},[15,153507,53640],{},[4753,153509,66044],{}," in the search",[20,153512,236],{},[51,153514,153516],{"className":53,"code":153515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,153517,153518,153566,153570,153595,153623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153519,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153521,767],{"class":66},[60,153523,71],{"class":70},[60,153525,1776],{"class":74},[60,153527,79],{"class":78},[60,153529,551],{"class":82},[60,153531,79],{"class":78},[60,153533,88],{"class":74},[60,153535,91],{"class":78},[60,153537,2258],{"class":82},[60,153539,79],{"class":78},[60,153541,88],{"class":74},[60,153543,91],{"class":78},[60,153545,1895],{"class":82},[60,153547,79],{"class":78},[60,153549,88],{"class":74},[60,153551,91],{"class":78},[60,153553,2258],{"class":82},[60,153555,79],{"class":78},[60,153557,88],{"class":74},[60,153559,91],{"class":78},[60,153561,19761],{"class":82},[60,153563,79],{"class":78},[60,153565,136],{"class":74},[60,153567,153568],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153569,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,153573,143],{"class":142},[60,153575,130],{"class":74},[60,153577,843],{"class":126},[60,153579,123],{"class":74},[60,153581,36840],{"class":126},[60,153583,130],{"class":74},[60,153585,79],{"class":78},[60,153587,2258],{"class":82},[60,153589,79],{"class":78},[60,153591,6362],{"class":74},[60,153593,153594],{"class":4674},"        # 1\n",[60,153596,153597,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,153598,143],{"class":142},[60,153600,130],{"class":74},[60,153602,843],{"class":126},[60,153604,123],{"class":74},[60,153606,36840],{"class":126},[60,153608,130],{"class":74},[60,153610,79],{"class":78},[60,153612,2258],{"class":82},[60,153614,79],{"class":78},[60,153616,88],{"class":74},[60,153618,1437],{"class":1402},[60,153620,6362],{"class":74},[60,153622,51898],{"class":4674},[60,153624,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,153626,143],{"class":142},[60,153628,130],{"class":74},[60,153630,843],{"class":126},[60,153632,123],{"class":74},[60,153634,36840],{"class":126},[60,153636,130],{"class":74},[60,153638,79],{"class":78},[60,153640,2258],{"class":82},[60,153642,79],{"class":78},[60,153644,88],{"class":74},[60,153646,6499],{"class":1402},[60,153648,88],{"class":74},[60,153650,1442],{"class":1402},[60,153652,6362],{"class":74},[60,153654,28773],{"class":4674},[46,153656,104349],{"id":104348},[20,153658,153659,26502],{},[15,153660,149894],{},[33,153662,153663,153666],{},[36,153664,153665],{},"An integer",[36,153667,153668],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,153670,153671],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,153673,236],{},[51,153675,153677],{"className":53,"code":153676,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,153678,153679,153719,153741],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153680,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153682,109448],{"class":66},[60,153684,71],{"class":70},[60,153686,1776],{"class":74},[60,153688,79],{"class":78},[60,153690,38035],{"class":82},[60,153692,79],{"class":78},[60,153694,88],{"class":74},[60,153696,91],{"class":78},[60,153698,59107],{"class":82},[60,153700,79],{"class":78},[60,153702,88],{"class":74},[60,153704,91],{"class":78},[60,153706,59124],{"class":82},[60,153708,79],{"class":78},[60,153710,88],{"class":74},[60,153712,91],{"class":78},[60,153714,59107],{"class":82},[60,153716,79],{"class":78},[60,153718,136],{"class":74},[60,153720,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153722,114],{"class":66},[60,153724,71],{"class":70},[60,153726,109491],{"class":66},[60,153728,123],{"class":74},[60,153730,36840],{"class":126},[60,153732,130],{"class":74},[60,153734,79],{"class":78},[60,153736,59107],{"class":82},[60,153738,79],{"class":78},[60,153740,136],{"class":74},[60,153742,153743,153745,153747,153749],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,153744,143],{"class":142},[60,153746,130],{"class":74},[60,153748,148],{"class":126},[60,153750,136],{"class":74},[20,153752,153],{},[51,153754,153755],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,153756,153757],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153758,153759],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153760,47899],{"class":1402},[46,153762,153764],{"id":153763},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153766,171,153767,11598],{},[15,153768,149894],{},[33,153770,153771,153773,153776],{},[36,153772,67073],{},[36,153774,153775],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[36,153777,153778],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153780,153781,153782,153785,153786,123],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153783,153784],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[551,153787,150362],{"href":153788},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[46,153790,66605],{"id":66604},[20,153792,153793,153794,123],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153795,41690],{},[20,153797,236],{},[51,153799,153801],{"className":53,"code":153800,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153802,153803,153835],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153804,153805,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831,153833],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153806,1070],{"class":66},[60,153808,71],{"class":70},[60,153810,1776],{"class":74},[60,153812,79],{"class":78},[60,153814,254],{"class":82},[60,153816,79],{"class":78},[60,153818,88],{"class":74},[60,153820,91],{"class":78},[60,153822,272],{"class":82},[60,153824,79],{"class":78},[60,153826,88],{"class":74},[60,153828,91],{"class":78},[60,153830,263],{"class":82},[60,153832,79],{"class":78},[60,153834,136],{"class":74},[60,153836,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153838,143],{"class":142},[60,153840,130],{"class":74},[60,153842,1119],{"class":126},[60,153844,123],{"class":74},[60,153846,36840],{"class":126},[60,153848,130],{"class":74},[60,153850,79],{"class":78},[60,153852,23517],{"class":82},[60,153854,79],{"class":78},[60,153856,1042],{"class":74},[20,153858,40641,153859,153861],{},[15,153860,110773],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153863,66680],{},[51,153865,153867],{"className":53,"code":153866,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153868,153869,153901,153905,153921,153943,153949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153870,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153872,1070],{"class":66},[60,153874,71],{"class":70},[60,153876,1776],{"class":74},[60,153878,79],{"class":78},[60,153880,254],{"class":82},[60,153882,79],{"class":78},[60,153884,88],{"class":74},[60,153886,91],{"class":78},[60,153888,272],{"class":82},[60,153890,79],{"class":78},[60,153892,88],{"class":74},[60,153894,91],{"class":78},[60,153896,263],{"class":82},[60,153898,79],{"class":78},[60,153900,136],{"class":74},[60,153902,153903],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,153904,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,153906,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,153908,7996],{"class":2665},[60,153910,91],{"class":78},[60,153912,23517],{"class":82},[60,153914,79],{"class":78},[60,153916,22168],{"class":70},[60,153918,14115],{"class":66},[60,153920,7392],{"class":74},[60,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,153924,9064],{"class":142},[60,153926,130],{"class":74},[60,153928,1119],{"class":126},[60,153930,123],{"class":74},[60,153932,36840],{"class":126},[60,153934,130],{"class":74},[60,153936,79],{"class":78},[60,153938,23517],{"class":82},[60,153940,79],{"class":78},[60,153942,1042],{"class":74},[60,153944,153945,153947],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,153946,28427],{"class":2665},[60,153948,7392],{"class":74},[60,153950,153951,153953,153955,153957,153960,153962],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,153952,9064],{"class":142},[60,153954,130],{"class":74},[60,153956,79],{"class":78},[60,153958,153959],{"class":82},"Value not found",[60,153961,79],{"class":78},[60,153963,136],{"class":74},[20,153965,153],{},[51,153967,153969],{"className":53,"code":153968,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Value not found\n",[15,153970,153971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,153972,153973,153976,153978],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,153974,153975],{"class":66},"Value ",[60,153977,5632],{"class":70},[60,153979,66804],{"class":66},[20,153981,153982,153983,123],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[551,153984,66814],{"href":66813},[46,153986,9413,153987,2360,153989],{"id":66381},[15,153988,37062],{},[15,153990,53640],{},[20,153992,2997,153993,2360,153995,153997],{},[15,153994,37062],{},[15,153996,53640],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153999,154000],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,154002,236],{},[51,154004,154006],{"className":53,"code":154005,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,154007,154008,154036,154040,154061,154085],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154009,154010,154012,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154011,1336],{"class":66},[60,154013,71],{"class":70},[60,154015,1776],{"class":74},[60,154017,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154019,88],{"class":74},[60,154021,7005],{"class":1402},[60,154023,88],{"class":74},[60,154025,5606],{"class":1402},[60,154027,88],{"class":74},[60,154029,1407],{"class":1402},[60,154031,88],{"class":74},[60,154033,5606],{"class":1402},[60,154035,136],{"class":74},[60,154037,154038],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154039,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,154041,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154043,143],{"class":142},[60,154045,130],{"class":74},[60,154047,1388],{"class":126},[60,154049,123],{"class":74},[60,154051,36840],{"class":126},[60,154053,130],{"class":74},[60,154055,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154057,6362],{"class":74},[60,154059,154060],{"class":4674},"        # 0\n",[60,154062,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154064,143],{"class":142},[60,154066,130],{"class":74},[60,154068,1388],{"class":126},[60,154070,123],{"class":74},[60,154072,36840],{"class":126},[60,154074,130],{"class":74},[60,154076,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154078,88],{"class":74},[60,154080,6499],{"class":1402},[60,154082,6362],{"class":74},[60,154084,51932],{"class":4674},[60,154086,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,154088,143],{"class":142},[60,154090,130],{"class":74},[60,154092,1388],{"class":126},[60,154094,123],{"class":74},[60,154096,36840],{"class":126},[60,154098,130],{"class":74},[60,154100,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154102,88],{"class":74},[60,154104,1442],{"class":1402},[60,154106,88],{"class":74},[60,154108,5606],{"class":1402},[60,154110,6362],{"class":74},[60,154112,51915],{"class":4674},[415,154114,154116],{"id":154115},"how-it-works","How it works",[33,154118,154119,154124,154129],{},[36,154120,154121,154123],{},[15,154122,37062],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[36,154125,154126,154128],{},[15,154127,53640],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[36,154130,2997,154131,154133],{},[15,154132,53640],{}," position itself is not included",[20,154135,236],{},[51,154137,154139],{"className":53,"code":154138,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,154140,154141,154169,154173],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154142,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154144,1336],{"class":66},[60,154146,71],{"class":70},[60,154148,1776],{"class":74},[60,154150,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154152,88],{"class":74},[60,154154,7005],{"class":1402},[60,154156,88],{"class":74},[60,154158,5606],{"class":1402},[60,154160,88],{"class":74},[60,154162,1407],{"class":1402},[60,154164,88],{"class":74},[60,154166,5606],{"class":1402},[60,154168,136],{"class":74},[60,154170,154171],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154172,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,154174,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154176,143],{"class":142},[60,154178,130],{"class":74},[60,154180,1388],{"class":126},[60,154182,123],{"class":74},[60,154184,36840],{"class":126},[60,154186,130],{"class":74},[60,154188,3154],{"class":1402},[60,154190,88],{"class":74},[60,154192,6499],{"class":1402},[60,154194,88],{"class":74},[60,154196,3471],{"class":1402},[60,154198,1042],{"class":74},[20,154200,153],{},[51,154202,154203],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,154204,154205],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154206,154207],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154208,18050],{"class":1402},[20,154210,154211,154212,287,154214,18066,154216,154218,154219,123],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,154213,1432],{},[15,154215,1925],{},[15,154217,3079],{},", but not ",[15,154220,3519],{},[46,154222,154224],{"id":154223},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,154226,154227,154228,3901],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,154229,149894],{},[33,154231,154232,154240,154245,154252],{},[36,154233,154234,154235,154237,154238],{},"Do not confuse the ",[4753,154236,3487],{}," with the ",[4753,154239,36840],{},[36,154241,154242,154243],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,154244,3137],{},[36,154246,171,154247,154251],{},[551,154248,149920,154249,2887],{"href":149972},[15,154250,58270],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[36,154253,154254,154255,154257],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,154256,153784],{}," when you already know the position",[20,154259,154260],{},"Example of value vs index:",[51,154262,154264],{"className":53,"code":154263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,154265,154266,154298,154302,154326],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154267,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292,154294,154296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154269,37227],{"class":66},[60,154271,71],{"class":70},[60,154273,1776],{"class":74},[60,154275,79],{"class":78},[60,154277,1604],{"class":82},[60,154279,79],{"class":78},[60,154281,88],{"class":74},[60,154283,91],{"class":78},[60,154285,1619],{"class":82},[60,154287,79],{"class":78},[60,154289,88],{"class":74},[60,154291,91],{"class":78},[60,154293,34214],{"class":82},[60,154295,79],{"class":78},[60,154297,136],{"class":74},[60,154299,154300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154301,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,154303,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154305,143],{"class":142},[60,154307,130],{"class":74},[60,154309,37279],{"class":126},[60,154311,123],{"class":74},[60,154313,36840],{"class":126},[60,154315,130],{"class":74},[60,154317,79],{"class":78},[60,154319,1619],{"class":82},[60,154321,79],{"class":78},[60,154323,6362],{"class":74},[60,154325,28773],{"class":4674},[60,154327,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154329,143],{"class":142},[60,154331,130],{"class":74},[60,154333,37279],{"class":126},[60,154335,353],{"class":74},[60,154337,1432],{"class":1402},[60,154339,21440],{"class":74},[60,154341,154342],{"class":4674},"               # banana\n",[20,154344,3196],{},[33,154346,154347,154351],{},[36,154348,154349,16240],{},[15,154350,66249],{},[36,154352,154353,154355],{},[15,154354,1432],{}," is the index",[46,154357,3845],{"id":3844},[20,154359,107087,154360,3901],{},[15,154361,149894],{},[33,154363,154364,154367,154372,154377,154384],{},[36,154365,154366],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[36,154368,9449,154369,154371],{},[15,154370,59948],{}," to return all matching positions",[36,154373,154374,154375],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,154376,3137],{},[36,154378,154379,154380,2360,154382],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,154381,37062],{},[15,154383,53640],{},[36,154385,38192,154386,154388],{},[15,154387,149894],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[415,154390,61687],{"id":61686},[20,154392,2615],{},[51,154394,154396],{"className":53,"code":154395,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,154397,154398,154408,154422,154437,154455],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154401,143],{"class":142},[60,154403,130],{"class":74},[60,154405,148707],{"class":126},[60,154407,136],{"class":74},[60,154409,154410,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154411,143],{"class":142},[60,154413,130],{"class":74},[60,154415,12157],{"class":142},[60,154417,130],{"class":74},[60,154419,148707],{"class":126},[60,154421,1042],{"class":74},[60,154423,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154435],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154425,143],{"class":142},[60,154427,130],{"class":74},[60,154429,3462],{"class":126},[60,154431,2672],{"class":2665},[60,154433,154434],{"class":126}," my_tuple",[60,154436,136],{"class":74},[60,154438,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154440,143],{"class":142},[60,154442,130],{"class":74},[60,154444,148707],{"class":126},[60,154446,123],{"class":74},[60,154448,42246],{"class":126},[60,154450,130],{"class":74},[60,154452,3487],{"class":126},[60,154454,1042],{"class":74},[60,154456,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,154458,143],{"class":142},[60,154460,130],{"class":74},[60,154462,148707],{"class":126},[60,154464,123],{"class":74},[60,154466,36840],{"class":126},[60,154468,130],{"class":74},[60,154470,3487],{"class":126},[60,154472,1042],{"class":74},[20,154474,154475,154476,85370,154478,154480],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,154477,41690],{},[15,154479,3487],{}," is missing.",[20,154482,130583],{},[51,154484,154486],{"className":53,"code":154485,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,154487,154488,154500,154518,154524],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154489,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154491,7996],{"class":2665},[60,154493,22579],{"class":66},[60,154495,2672],{"class":70},[60,154497,154434],{"class":66},[60,154499,7392],{"class":74},[60,154501,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154503,9064],{"class":142},[60,154505,130],{"class":74},[60,154507,148707],{"class":126},[60,154509,123],{"class":74},[60,154511,36840],{"class":126},[60,154513,130],{"class":74},[60,154515,3487],{"class":126},[60,154517,1042],{"class":74},[60,154519,154520,154522],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154521,28427],{"class":2665},[60,154523,7392],{"class":74},[60,154525,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154527,9064],{"class":142},[60,154529,130],{"class":74},[60,154531,79],{"class":78},[60,154533,153959],{"class":82},[60,154535,79],{"class":78},[60,154537,136],{"class":74},[46,154539,2804],{"id":2803},[415,154541,2846,154543,13710],{"id":154542},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,154544,149894],{},[20,154546,154547],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[415,154549,154551],{"id":154550},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,154553,154554,153421],{},[15,154555,149894],{},[415,154557,149873],{"id":149872},[20,154559,77832,154560,123],{},[15,154561,41690],{},[415,154563,154565],{"id":154564},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,154567,154568,154569,2360,154571,154573],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,154570,37062],{},[15,154572,53640],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[415,154575,15896,154577,58185,154579,2863],{"id":154576},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,154578,149894],{},[15,154580,65840],{},[20,154582,154583],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[46,154585,2870],{"id":2869},[33,154587,154588,154594,154598,154603,154607],{},[36,154589,154590],{},[551,154591,149920,154592,2887],{"href":149972},[15,154593,58270],{},[36,154595,154596],{},[551,154597,150362],{"href":153788},[36,154599,154600],{},[551,154601,154602],{"href":151668},"Creating a tuple in Python",[36,154604,154605],{},[551,154606,66814],{"href":66813},[36,154608,154609],{},[551,154610,151616],{"href":153426},[2912,154612,154613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389,"children":154620},[154621],{"id":18388,"depth":139,"text":18389},{"id":104348,"depth":111,"text":104349},{"id":153763,"depth":111,"text":153764},{"id":66604,"depth":111,"text":66605},{"id":66381,"depth":111,"text":67164,"children":154626},[154627],{"id":154115,"depth":139,"text":154116},{"id":154223,"depth":111,"text":154224},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845,"children":154630},[154631],{"id":61686,"depth":139,"text":61687},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":154633},[154634,154636,154637,154638,154639],{"id":154542,"depth":139,"text":154635},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":154550,"depth":139,"text":154551},{"id":149872,"depth":139,"text":149873},{"id":154564,"depth":139,"text":154565},{"id":154576,"depth":139,"text":154640},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":153228,"description":154642},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154649,"title":154650,"body":154651,"description":156046,"extension":2980,"meta":156047,"navigation":304,"path":153788,"seo":156048,"stem":156049,"__hash__":156050},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154652,"toc":156028},[154653,154656,154659,154662,154676,154678,154681,154775,154785,154791,154795,154798,154801,154803,154821,154823,154894,154896,154913,154917,154921,154924,154941,154944,154959,154961,155052,155055,155059,155062,155079,155081,155176,155179,155182,155186,155189,155283,155285,155304,155307,155311,155314,155316,155371,155373,155408,155411,155425,155433,155526,155535,155539,155542,155549,155552,155599,155601,155609,155612,155663,155665,155682,155687,155691,155694,155697,155699,155750,155753,155808,155811,155814,155816,155819,155839,155841,155914,155917,155930,155932,155936,155941,155945,155950,155967,155971,155974,155991,155995,155998,156000,156025],[10,154654,154650],{"id":154655},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,154657,154658],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,154660,154661],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[33,154663,154664,154667,154670,154673],{},[36,154665,154666],{},"positive indexes",[36,154668,154669],{},"negative indexes",[36,154671,154672],{},"common indexing mistakes",[36,154674,154675],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[46,154677,49],{"id":48},[20,154679,154680],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[51,154682,154684],{"className":53,"code":154683,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,154685,154686,154718,154722,154739,154756],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154687,154688,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154689,1070],{"class":66},[60,154691,71],{"class":70},[60,154693,1776],{"class":74},[60,154695,79],{"class":78},[60,154697,254],{"class":82},[60,154699,79],{"class":78},[60,154701,88],{"class":74},[60,154703,91],{"class":78},[60,154705,263],{"class":82},[60,154707,79],{"class":78},[60,154709,88],{"class":74},[60,154711,91],{"class":78},[60,154713,272],{"class":82},[60,154715,79],{"class":78},[60,154717,136],{"class":74},[60,154719,154720],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154721,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,154723,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154725,143],{"class":142},[60,154727,130],{"class":74},[60,154729,1119],{"class":126},[60,154731,353],{"class":74},[60,154733,3137],{"class":1402},[60,154735,21440],{"class":74},[60,154737,154738],{"class":4674},"   # red\n",[60,154740,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154742,143],{"class":142},[60,154744,130],{"class":74},[60,154746,1119],{"class":126},[60,154748,353],{"class":74},[60,154750,1432],{"class":1402},[60,154752,21440],{"class":74},[60,154754,154755],{"class":4674},"   # green\n",[60,154757,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768,154770,154772],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,154759,143],{"class":142},[60,154761,130],{"class":74},[60,154763,1119],{"class":126},[60,154765,353],{"class":74},[60,154767,929],{"class":70},[60,154769,1432],{"class":1402},[60,154771,21440],{"class":74},[60,154773,154774],{"class":4674},"  # blue\n",[33,154776,154777,154782],{},[36,154778,133370,154779,154781],{},[15,154780,3137],{}," is the first item.",[36,154783,154784],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154786,154787,154788,123],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[551,154789,154790],{"href":148692},"how to create a tuple in Python",[46,154792,154794],{"id":154793},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154796,154797],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154799,154800],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154802,189],{},[33,154804,154805,154808,154815,154818],{},[36,154806,154807],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[36,154809,154810,154811,19957,154813],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154812,3137],{},[15,154814,1432],{},[36,154816,154817],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[36,154819,154820],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154822,236],{},[51,154824,154826],{"className":53,"code":154825,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154827,154828,154848,154852,154866,154880],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154829,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154831,4629],{"class":66},[60,154833,71],{"class":70},[60,154835,1776],{"class":74},[60,154837,1345],{"class":1402},[60,154839,88],{"class":74},[60,154841,1407],{"class":1402},[60,154843,88],{"class":74},[60,154845,8791],{"class":1402},[60,154847,136],{"class":74},[60,154849,154850],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154851,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,154853,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154855,143],{"class":142},[60,154857,130],{"class":74},[60,154859,4659],{"class":126},[60,154861,353],{"class":74},[60,154863,3137],{"class":1402},[60,154865,2677],{"class":74},[60,154867,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,154869,143],{"class":142},[60,154871,130],{"class":74},[60,154873,4659],{"class":126},[60,154875,353],{"class":74},[60,154877,1432],{"class":1402},[60,154879,2677],{"class":74},[60,154881,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,154883,143],{"class":142},[60,154885,130],{"class":74},[60,154887,4659],{"class":126},[60,154889,353],{"class":74},[60,154891,1925],{"class":1402},[60,154893,2677],{"class":74},[20,154895,153],{},[51,154897,154899],{"className":53,"code":154898,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154900,154901,154905,154909],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154902,154903],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154904,3391],{"class":1402},[60,154906,154907],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,154908,72199],{"class":1402},[60,154910,154911],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,154912,70815],{"class":1402},[20,154914,60373,154915,123],{},[551,154916,148689],{"href":148688},[46,154918,154920],{"id":154919},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154922,154923],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[33,154925,154926,154931,154936],{},[36,154927,154928,154930],{},[15,154929,3137],{}," = first item",[36,154932,154933,154935],{},[15,154934,1432],{}," = second item",[36,154937,154938,154940],{},[15,154939,1925],{}," = third item",[20,154942,154943],{},"Pattern:",[51,154945,154947],{"className":53,"code":154946,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154948,154949],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154950,154951,154953,154955,154957],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154952,153444],{"class":66},[60,154954,353],{"class":74},[60,154956,36840],{"class":66},[60,154958,108],{"class":74},[20,154960,236],{},[51,154962,154964],{"className":53,"code":154963,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154965,154966,154998,155002,155019,155035],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,154967,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,154969,37227],{"class":66},[60,154971,71],{"class":70},[60,154973,1776],{"class":74},[60,154975,79],{"class":78},[60,154977,1604],{"class":82},[60,154979,79],{"class":78},[60,154981,88],{"class":74},[60,154983,91],{"class":78},[60,154985,1619],{"class":82},[60,154987,79],{"class":78},[60,154989,88],{"class":74},[60,154991,91],{"class":78},[60,154993,5098],{"class":82},[60,154995,79],{"class":78},[60,154997,136],{"class":74},[60,154999,155000],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155001,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155003,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155005,143],{"class":142},[60,155007,130],{"class":74},[60,155009,37279],{"class":126},[60,155011,353],{"class":74},[60,155013,3137],{"class":1402},[60,155015,21440],{"class":74},[60,155017,155018],{"class":4674},"  # apple\n",[60,155020,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,155022,143],{"class":142},[60,155024,130],{"class":74},[60,155026,37279],{"class":126},[60,155028,353],{"class":74},[60,155030,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155032,21440],{"class":74},[60,155034,52465],{"class":4674},[60,155036,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,155038,143],{"class":142},[60,155040,130],{"class":74},[60,155042,37279],{"class":126},[60,155044,353],{"class":74},[60,155046,1925],{"class":1402},[60,155048,21440],{"class":74},[60,155050,155051],{"class":4674},"  # cherry\n",[20,155053,155054],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[46,155056,155058],{"id":155057},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,155060,155061],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[33,155063,155064,155069,155074],{},[36,155065,155066,155068],{},[15,155067,66829],{}," = last item",[36,155070,155071,155073],{},[15,155072,96380],{}," = second-to-last item",[36,155075,155076,155078],{},[15,155077,48653],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,155080,236],{},[51,155082,155084],{"className":53,"code":155083,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,155085,155086,155118,155122,155140,155158],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155089,37227],{"class":66},[60,155091,71],{"class":70},[60,155093,1776],{"class":74},[60,155095,79],{"class":78},[60,155097,1604],{"class":82},[60,155099,79],{"class":78},[60,155101,88],{"class":74},[60,155103,91],{"class":78},[60,155105,1619],{"class":82},[60,155107,79],{"class":78},[60,155109,88],{"class":74},[60,155111,91],{"class":78},[60,155113,5098],{"class":82},[60,155115,79],{"class":78},[60,155117,136],{"class":74},[60,155119,155120],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155121,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155123,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155125,143],{"class":142},[60,155127,130],{"class":74},[60,155129,37279],{"class":126},[60,155131,353],{"class":74},[60,155133,929],{"class":70},[60,155135,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155137,21440],{"class":74},[60,155139,155051],{"class":4674},[60,155141,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,155143,143],{"class":142},[60,155145,130],{"class":74},[60,155147,37279],{"class":126},[60,155149,353],{"class":74},[60,155151,929],{"class":70},[60,155153,1925],{"class":1402},[60,155155,21440],{"class":74},[60,155157,52465],{"class":4674},[60,155159,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,155161,143],{"class":142},[60,155163,130],{"class":74},[60,155165,37279],{"class":126},[60,155167,353],{"class":74},[60,155169,929],{"class":70},[60,155171,3079],{"class":1402},[60,155173,21440],{"class":74},[60,155175,155018],{"class":4674},[20,155177,155178],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,155180,155181],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[46,155183,155185],{"id":155184},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,155187,155188],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[51,155190,155192],{"className":53,"code":155191,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,155193,155194,155226,155230,155247,155264],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155195,155196,155198,155200,155202,155204,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155197,454],{"class":66},[60,155199,71],{"class":70},[60,155201,1776],{"class":74},[60,155203,79],{"class":78},[60,155205,463],{"class":82},[60,155207,79],{"class":78},[60,155209,88],{"class":74},[60,155211,91],{"class":78},[60,155213,472],{"class":82},[60,155215,79],{"class":78},[60,155217,88],{"class":74},[60,155219,91],{"class":78},[60,155221,481],{"class":82},[60,155223,79],{"class":78},[60,155225,136],{"class":74},[60,155227,155228],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155229,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155233,143],{"class":142},[60,155235,130],{"class":74},[60,155237,507],{"class":126},[60,155239,353],{"class":74},[60,155241,3137],{"class":1402},[60,155243,21440],{"class":74},[60,155245,155246],{"class":4674},"   # first item\n",[60,155248,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,155250,143],{"class":142},[60,155252,130],{"class":74},[60,155254,507],{"class":126},[60,155256,353],{"class":74},[60,155258,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155260,21440],{"class":74},[60,155262,155263],{"class":4674},"   # middle item\n",[60,155265,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274,155276,155278,155280],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,155267,143],{"class":142},[60,155269,130],{"class":74},[60,155271,507],{"class":126},[60,155273,353],{"class":74},[60,155275,929],{"class":70},[60,155277,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155279,21440],{"class":74},[60,155281,155282],{"class":4674},"  # last item\n",[20,155284,153],{},[51,155286,155288],{"className":53,"code":155287,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,155289,155290,155294,155299],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155291,155292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155293,51019],{"class":66},[60,155295,155296],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155297,155298],{"class":66},"Ben\n",[60,155300,155301],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155302,155303],{"class":66},"Cara\n",[20,155305,155306],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[46,155308,155310],{"id":155309},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,155312,155313],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,155315,236],{},[51,155317,155319],{"className":53,"code":155318,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,155320,155321,155353,155357],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155322,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155324,767],{"class":66},[60,155326,71],{"class":70},[60,155328,1776],{"class":74},[60,155330,79],{"class":78},[60,155332,551],{"class":82},[60,155334,79],{"class":78},[60,155336,88],{"class":74},[60,155338,91],{"class":78},[60,155340,2258],{"class":82},[60,155342,79],{"class":78},[60,155344,88],{"class":74},[60,155346,91],{"class":78},[60,155348,1895],{"class":82},[60,155350,79],{"class":78},[60,155352,136],{"class":74},[60,155354,155355],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155356,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155358,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155360,143],{"class":142},[60,155362,130],{"class":74},[60,155364,843],{"class":126},[60,155366,353],{"class":74},[60,155368,3154],{"class":1402},[60,155370,2677],{"class":74},[20,155372,153],{},[51,155374,155376],{"className":53,"code":155375,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155377,155378,155390,155395],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155379,155380,155383,155385,155388],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155381,155382],{"class":126},"Traceback ",[60,155384,130],{"class":74},[60,155386,155387],{"class":126},"most recent call last",[60,155389,9337],{"class":74},[60,155391,155392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155393,155394],{"class":1313},"  ...\n",[60,155396,155397,155399,155401,155403,155406],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155398,71706],{"class":1527},[60,155400,3901],{"class":74},[60,155402,150055],{"class":1527},[60,155404,155405],{"class":66}," index out of ",[60,155407,71898],{"class":142},[20,155409,155410],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[33,155412,155413,155417,155421],{},[36,155414,155415],{},[15,155416,3137],{},[36,155418,155419],{},[15,155420,1432],{},[36,155422,155423],{},[15,155424,1925],{},[20,155426,155427,155428,123],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[551,155429,155430,155432],{"href":149927},[15,155431,43346],{}," on a tuple",[51,155434,155436],{"className":53,"code":155435,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,155437,155438,155470,155474,155490,155494,155512],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155439,155440,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155441,767],{"class":66},[60,155443,71],{"class":70},[60,155445,1776],{"class":74},[60,155447,79],{"class":78},[60,155449,551],{"class":82},[60,155451,79],{"class":78},[60,155453,88],{"class":74},[60,155455,91],{"class":78},[60,155457,2258],{"class":82},[60,155459,79],{"class":78},[60,155461,88],{"class":74},[60,155463,91],{"class":78},[60,155465,1895],{"class":82},[60,155467,79],{"class":78},[60,155469,136],{"class":74},[60,155471,155472],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155473,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155475,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155477,143],{"class":142},[60,155479,130],{"class":74},[60,155481,12157],{"class":142},[60,155483,130],{"class":74},[60,155485,843],{"class":126},[60,155487,6362],{"class":74},[60,155489,51750],{"class":4674},[60,155491,155492],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,155493,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155495,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,155497,7996],{"class":2665},[60,155499,39374],{"class":142},[60,155501,130],{"class":74},[60,155503,843],{"class":126},[60,155505,2662],{"class":74},[60,155507,39384],{"class":70},[60,155509,1437],{"class":1402},[60,155511,7392],{"class":74},[60,155513,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,155515,9064],{"class":142},[60,155517,130],{"class":74},[60,155519,843],{"class":126},[60,155521,353],{"class":74},[60,155523,1925],{"class":1402},[60,155525,2677],{"class":74},[20,155527,155528,155529,123],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[551,155530,1999,155532],{"href":155531},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,155533,155534],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[46,155536,155538],{"id":155537},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,155540,155541],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,155543,155544,155546],{},[36,155545,77849],{},[36,155547,155548],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,155550,155551],{},"Indexing example:",[51,155553,155555],{"className":53,"code":155554,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,155556,155557,155581,155585],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155558,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155560,4629],{"class":66},[60,155562,71],{"class":70},[60,155564,1776],{"class":74},[60,155566,1345],{"class":1402},[60,155568,88],{"class":74},[60,155570,1407],{"class":1402},[60,155572,88],{"class":74},[60,155574,8791],{"class":1402},[60,155576,88],{"class":74},[60,155578,51823],{"class":1402},[60,155580,136],{"class":74},[60,155582,155583],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155584,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155586,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155588,143],{"class":142},[60,155590,130],{"class":74},[60,155592,4659],{"class":126},[60,155594,353],{"class":74},[60,155596,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155598,2677],{"class":74},[20,155600,153],{},[51,155602,155603],{"className":53,"code":72199,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,155604,155605],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155606,155607],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155608,72199],{"class":1402},[20,155610,155611],{},"Slicing example:",[51,155613,155615],{"className":53,"code":155614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,155616,155617,155641,155645],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155620,4629],{"class":66},[60,155622,71],{"class":70},[60,155624,1776],{"class":74},[60,155626,1345],{"class":1402},[60,155628,88],{"class":74},[60,155630,1407],{"class":1402},[60,155632,88],{"class":74},[60,155634,8791],{"class":1402},[60,155636,88],{"class":74},[60,155638,51823],{"class":1402},[60,155640,136],{"class":74},[60,155642,155643],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155644,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,155646,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155648,143],{"class":142},[60,155650,130],{"class":74},[60,155652,4659],{"class":126},[60,155654,353],{"class":74},[60,155656,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155658,3901],{"class":74},[60,155660,3079],{"class":1402},[60,155662,2677],{"class":74},[20,155664,153],{},[51,155666,155668],{"className":53,"code":155667,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n",[15,155669,155670],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155671,155672,155674,155676,155678,155680],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155673,130],{"class":74},[60,155675,1354],{"class":1402},[60,155677,88],{"class":74},[60,155679,8791],{"class":1402},[60,155681,136],{"class":74},[20,155683,155684,155685,123],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[551,155686,151606],{"href":151605},[46,155688,155690],{"id":155689},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,155692,155693],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155695,155696],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155698,7686],{},[51,155700,155702],{"className":53,"code":155701,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155703,155704,155736],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155707,1070],{"class":66},[60,155709,71],{"class":70},[60,155711,1776],{"class":74},[60,155713,79],{"class":78},[60,155715,254],{"class":82},[60,155717,79],{"class":78},[60,155719,88],{"class":74},[60,155721,91],{"class":78},[60,155723,263],{"class":82},[60,155725,79],{"class":78},[60,155727,88],{"class":74},[60,155729,91],{"class":78},[60,155731,272],{"class":82},[60,155733,79],{"class":78},[60,155735,136],{"class":74},[60,155737,155738,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155739,143],{"class":142},[60,155741,130],{"class":74},[60,155743,1119],{"class":126},[60,155745,353],{"class":74},[60,155747,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155749,2677],{"class":74},[20,155751,155752],{},"But this does not work:",[51,155754,155756],{"className":53,"code":155755,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155757,155758,155790],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155759,155760,155762,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155761,1070],{"class":66},[60,155763,71],{"class":70},[60,155765,1776],{"class":74},[60,155767,79],{"class":78},[60,155769,254],{"class":82},[60,155771,79],{"class":78},[60,155773,88],{"class":74},[60,155775,91],{"class":78},[60,155777,263],{"class":82},[60,155779,79],{"class":78},[60,155781,88],{"class":74},[60,155783,91],{"class":78},[60,155785,272],{"class":82},[60,155787,79],{"class":78},[60,155789,136],{"class":74},[60,155791,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804,155806],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155793,1119],{"class":66},[60,155795,353],{"class":74},[60,155797,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155799,14265],{"class":74},[60,155801,14268],{"class":70},[60,155803,91],{"class":78},[60,155805,23517],{"class":82},[60,155807,2389],{"class":78},[20,155809,155810],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155812,155813],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[46,155815,3845],{"id":3844},[20,155817,155818],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[33,155820,155821,155827,155830,155833],{},[36,155822,133674,155823,2600,155825],{},[15,155824,1432],{},[15,155826,3137],{},[36,155828,155829],{},"Using an index that is too large",[36,155831,155832],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[36,155834,155835,155836],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155837,155838],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155840,63271],{},[51,155842,155844],{"className":53,"code":155843,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155845,155846,155856,155870,155884,155900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155847,155848,155850,155852,155854],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155849,143],{"class":142},[60,155851,130],{"class":74},[60,155853,148707],{"class":126},[60,155855,136],{"class":74},[60,155857,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,155859,143],{"class":142},[60,155861,130],{"class":74},[60,155863,12157],{"class":142},[60,155865,130],{"class":74},[60,155867,148707],{"class":126},[60,155869,1042],{"class":74},[60,155871,155872,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,155873,143],{"class":142},[60,155875,130],{"class":74},[60,155877,148707],{"class":126},[60,155879,353],{"class":74},[60,155881,3137],{"class":1402},[60,155883,2677],{"class":74},[60,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,155887,143],{"class":142},[60,155889,130],{"class":74},[60,155891,148707],{"class":126},[60,155893,353],{"class":74},[60,155895,929],{"class":70},[60,155897,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155899,2677],{"class":74},[60,155901,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,155903,143],{"class":142},[60,155905,130],{"class":74},[60,155907,2629],{"class":1527},[60,155909,130],{"class":74},[60,155911,148707],{"class":126},[60,155913,1042],{"class":74},[20,155915,155916],{},"These can help you confirm:",[33,155918,155919,155922,155924,155927],{},[36,155920,155921],{},"what the tuple contains",[36,155923,61761],{},[36,155925,155926],{},"what the first and last items are",[36,155928,155929],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[46,155931,2804],{"id":2803},[415,155933,155935],{"id":155934},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155937,155938,155939,123],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155940,3137],{},[415,155942,155944],{"id":155943},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155946,171,155947,155949],{},[15,155948,66829],{}," as the index:",[51,155951,155953],{"className":53,"code":155952,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155954,155955],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155958,148707],{"class":66},[60,155960,353],{"class":74},[60,155962,929],{"class":70},[60,155964,1432],{"class":1402},[60,155966,108],{"class":74},[415,155968,155970],{"id":155969},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155972,155973],{},"Python raises:",[51,155975,155977],{"className":53,"code":155976,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155978,155979],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,155982,71706],{"class":1527},[60,155984,3901],{"class":74},[60,155986,150055],{"class":1527},[60,155988,155405],{"class":66},[60,155990,71898],{"class":142},[415,155992,155994],{"id":155993},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155996,155997],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[46,155999,2870],{"id":2869},[33,156001,156002,156007,156011,156015,156021],{},[36,156003,156004],{},[551,156005,156006],{"href":148692},"How to create a tuple in Python",[36,156008,156009],{},[551,156010,151606],{"href":151605},[36,156012,156013],{},[551,156014,151611],{"href":149927},[36,156016,156017],{},[551,156018,27115,156019],{"href":155531},[15,156020,155534],{},[36,156022,156023],{},[551,156024,148689],{"href":148688},[2912,156026,156027],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":156029},[156030,156031,156032,156033,156034,156035,156036,156037,156038,156039,156045],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":154793,"depth":111,"text":154794},{"id":154919,"depth":111,"text":154920},{"id":155057,"depth":111,"text":155058},{"id":155184,"depth":111,"text":155185},{"id":155309,"depth":111,"text":155310},{"id":155537,"depth":111,"text":155538},{"id":155689,"depth":111,"text":155690},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":156040},[156041,156042,156043,156044],{"id":155934,"depth":139,"text":155935},{"id":155943,"depth":139,"text":155944},{"id":155969,"depth":139,"text":155970},{"id":155993,"depth":139,"text":155994},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154650,"description":156046},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":156052,"title":156053,"body":156054,"description":157943,"extension":2980,"meta":157944,"navigation":304,"path":157945,"seo":157946,"stem":157947,"__hash__":157948},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":156055,"toc":157900},[156056,156062,156067,156118,156122,156130,156136,156138,156154,156156,156159,156174,156176,156189,156191,156248,156252,156260,156267,156273,156279,156283,156334,156338,156346,156350,156379,156383,156391,156395,156428,156432,156440,156444,156447,156498,156502,156510,156512,156529,156533,156537,156596,156600,156608,156611,156638,156642,156650,156654,156660,156735,156739,156776,156784,156788,156851,156855,156863,156868,156872,156878,156921,156925,156933,156939,156942,156989,156993,157001,157010,157016,157071,157075,157083,157086,157090,157092,157123,157127,157146,157149,157194,157198,157221,157227,157232,157234,157281,157286,157289,157337,157341,157349,157353,157358,157362,157412,157416,157431,157435,157493,157497,157512,157516,157587,157591,157600,157604,157683,157687,157709,157717,157719,157722,157747,157749,157802,157804,157821,157823,157827,157833,157838,157843,157847,157852,157856,157861,157867,157870,157872,157897],[10,156057,156059,156060,2662],{"id":156058},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,156061,12157],{},[20,156063,171,156064,156066],{},[15,156065,43346],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[51,156068,156070],{"className":53,"code":156069,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156071,156072,156104],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156075,1070],{"class":66},[60,156077,71],{"class":70},[60,156079,1776],{"class":74},[60,156081,79],{"class":78},[60,156083,254],{"class":82},[60,156085,79],{"class":78},[60,156087,88],{"class":74},[60,156089,91],{"class":78},[60,156091,263],{"class":82},[60,156093,79],{"class":78},[60,156095,88],{"class":74},[60,156097,91],{"class":78},[60,156099,272],{"class":82},[60,156101,79],{"class":78},[60,156103,136],{"class":74},[60,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156107,143],{"class":142},[60,156109,130],{"class":74},[60,156111,12157],{"class":142},[60,156113,130],{"class":74},[60,156115,1119],{"class":126},[60,156117,1042],{"class":74},[20,156119,156120],{},[4753,156121,153],{},[51,156123,156124],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156125,156126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156127,156128],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156129,47599],{"class":1402},[20,156131,171,156132,156135],{},[15,156133,156134],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[46,156137,16156],{"id":16155},[33,156139,156140,156145,156149,156152],{},[36,156141,5199,156142,156144],{},[15,156143,43346],{}," works with tuples",[36,156146,69233,156147,12701],{},[15,156148,43346],{},[36,156150,156151],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[36,156153,5520],{},[46,156155,389],{"id":388},[20,156157,156158],{},"Use this pattern:",[51,156160,156162],{"className":53,"code":156161,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,156163,156164],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156165,156166,156168,156170,156172],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156167,12157],{"class":142},[60,156169,130],{"class":74},[60,156171,148707],{"class":126},[60,156173,136],{"class":74},[20,156175,189],{},[33,156177,156178,156181,156184],{},[36,156179,156180],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[36,156182,156183],{},"The result is an integer",[36,156185,156186,156188],{},[15,156187,43346],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,156190,236],{},[51,156192,156194],{"className":53,"code":156193,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,156195,156196,156220,156234,156238],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156197,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156199,4629],{"class":66},[60,156201,71],{"class":70},[60,156203,1776],{"class":74},[60,156205,1345],{"class":1402},[60,156207,88],{"class":74},[60,156209,1407],{"class":1402},[60,156211,88],{"class":74},[60,156213,8791],{"class":1402},[60,156215,88],{"class":74},[60,156217,51823],{"class":1402},[60,156219,136],{"class":74},[60,156221,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156223,42228],{"class":66},[60,156225,71],{"class":70},[60,156227,39374],{"class":142},[60,156229,130],{"class":74},[60,156231,4659],{"class":126},[60,156233,136],{"class":74},[60,156235,156236],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,156237,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,156239,156240,156242,156244,156246],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,156241,143],{"class":142},[60,156243,130],{"class":74},[60,156245,42246],{"class":126},[60,156247,136],{"class":74},[20,156249,156250],{},[4753,156251,153],{},[51,156253,156254],{"className":53,"code":49631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156255,156256],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156257,156258],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156259,49631],{"class":1402},[20,156261,156262,156263,123],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[551,156264,163,156265,1579],{"href":43343},[15,156266,43346],{},[46,156268,178,156270,156272],{"id":156269},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,156271,43346],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,156274,156275,156276,156278],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,156277,43346],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[415,156280,156282],{"id":156281},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[51,156284,156286],{"className":53,"code":156285,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,156287,156288,156320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156289,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156291,37227],{"class":66},[60,156293,71],{"class":70},[60,156295,1776],{"class":74},[60,156297,79],{"class":78},[60,156299,1604],{"class":82},[60,156301,79],{"class":78},[60,156303,88],{"class":74},[60,156305,91],{"class":78},[60,156307,1619],{"class":82},[60,156309,79],{"class":78},[60,156311,88],{"class":74},[60,156313,91],{"class":78},[60,156315,34214],{"class":82},[60,156317,79],{"class":78},[60,156319,136],{"class":74},[60,156321,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156323,143],{"class":142},[60,156325,130],{"class":74},[60,156327,12157],{"class":142},[60,156329,130],{"class":74},[60,156331,37279],{"class":126},[60,156333,1042],{"class":74},[20,156335,156336],{},[4753,156337,153],{},[51,156339,156340],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156341,156342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156343,156344],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156345,47599],{"class":1402},[415,156347,156349],{"id":156348},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[51,156351,156353],{"className":53,"code":156352,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,156354,156355,156364],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156356,156357,156360,156362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156358,156359],{"class":66},"empty_tuple ",[60,156361,71],{"class":70},[60,156363,150031],{"class":74},[60,156365,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156377],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156367,143],{"class":142},[60,156369,130],{"class":74},[60,156371,12157],{"class":142},[60,156373,130],{"class":74},[60,156375,156376],{"class":126},"empty_tuple",[60,156378,1042],{"class":74},[20,156380,156381],{},[4753,156382,153],{},[51,156384,156385],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156386,156387],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156388,156389],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156390,48234],{"class":1402},[415,156392,156394],{"id":156393},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[51,156396,156398],{"className":53,"code":156397,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,156399,156400,156413],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156401,156402,156405,156407,156409,156411],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156403,156404],{"class":66},"single_value ",[60,156406,71],{"class":70},[60,156408,1776],{"class":74},[60,156410,3154],{"class":1402},[60,156412,150045],{"class":74},[60,156414,156415,156417,156419,156421,156423,156426],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156416,143],{"class":142},[60,156418,130],{"class":74},[60,156420,12157],{"class":142},[60,156422,130],{"class":74},[60,156424,156425],{"class":126},"single_value",[60,156427,1042],{"class":74},[20,156429,156430],{},[4753,156431,153],{},[51,156433,156434],{"className":53,"code":47899,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156435,156436],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156437,156438],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156439,47899],{"class":1402},[415,156441,156443],{"id":156442},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,156445,156446],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[51,156448,156450],{"className":53,"code":156449,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,156451,156452,156484],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156453,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156455,10163],{"class":66},[60,156457,71],{"class":70},[60,156459,1776],{"class":74},[60,156461,1432],{"class":1402},[60,156463,88],{"class":74},[60,156465,1776],{"class":74},[60,156467,1925],{"class":1402},[60,156469,88],{"class":74},[60,156471,1442],{"class":1402},[60,156473,10231],{"class":74},[60,156475,75],{"class":74},[60,156477,3519],{"class":1402},[60,156479,88],{"class":74},[60,156481,5606],{"class":1402},[60,156483,2677],{"class":74},[60,156485,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156487,143],{"class":142},[60,156489,130],{"class":74},[60,156491,12157],{"class":142},[60,156493,130],{"class":74},[60,156495,10202],{"class":126},[60,156497,1042],{"class":74},[20,156499,156500],{},[4753,156501,153],{},[51,156503,156504],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156505,156506],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156507,156508],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156509,47599],{"class":1402},[20,156511,20951],{},[33,156513,156514,156519,156524],{},[36,156515,156516,156518],{},[15,156517,1432],{}," is one item",[36,156520,156521,156518],{},[15,156522,156523],{},"(2, 3)",[36,156525,156526,156518],{},[15,156527,156528],{},"[4, 5]",[46,156530,156532],{"id":156531},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[415,156534,156536],{"id":156535},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[51,156538,156540],{"className":53,"code":156539,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,156541,156542,156582],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156543,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156545,1070],{"class":66},[60,156547,71],{"class":70},[60,156549,1776],{"class":74},[60,156551,79],{"class":78},[60,156553,254],{"class":82},[60,156555,79],{"class":78},[60,156557,88],{"class":74},[60,156559,91],{"class":78},[60,156561,263],{"class":82},[60,156563,79],{"class":78},[60,156565,88],{"class":74},[60,156567,91],{"class":78},[60,156569,272],{"class":82},[60,156571,79],{"class":78},[60,156573,88],{"class":74},[60,156575,91],{"class":78},[60,156577,23517],{"class":82},[60,156579,79],{"class":78},[60,156581,136],{"class":74},[60,156583,156584,156586,156588,156590,156592,156594],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156585,143],{"class":142},[60,156587,130],{"class":74},[60,156589,12157],{"class":142},[60,156591,130],{"class":74},[60,156593,1119],{"class":126},[60,156595,1042],{"class":74},[20,156597,156598],{},[4753,156599,153],{},[51,156601,156602],{"className":53,"code":49631,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156603,156604],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156605,156606],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156607,49631],{"class":1402},[415,156609,156349],{"id":156610},"empty-tuple-1",[51,156612,156614],{"className":53,"code":156613,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,156615,156616,156624],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156617,156618,156620,156622],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156619,664],{"class":66},[60,156621,71],{"class":70},[60,156623,150031],{"class":74},[60,156625,156626,156628,156630,156632,156634,156636],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156627,143],{"class":142},[60,156629,130],{"class":74},[60,156631,12157],{"class":142},[60,156633,130],{"class":74},[60,156635,716],{"class":126},[60,156637,1042],{"class":74},[20,156639,156640],{},[4753,156641,153],{},[51,156643,156644],{"className":53,"code":48234,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156645,156646],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156647,156648],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156649,48234],{"class":1402},[415,156651,156653],{"id":156652},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,156655,156656,156657,156659],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[4753,156658,5632],{}," always a tuple.",[51,156661,156663],{"className":53,"code":156662,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,156664,156665,156677,156689,156693,156707,156721],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156666,156667,156669,156671,156673,156675],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156668,3569],{"class":66},[60,156670,71],{"class":70},[60,156672,1776],{"class":74},[60,156674,3154],{"class":1402},[60,156676,136],{"class":74},[60,156678,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156680,3596],{"class":66},[60,156682,71],{"class":70},[60,156684,1776],{"class":74},[60,156686,3154],{"class":1402},[60,156688,150045],{"class":74},[60,156690,156691],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,156692,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,156694,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,156696,143],{"class":142},[60,156698,130],{"class":74},[60,156700,2629],{"class":1527},[60,156702,130],{"class":74},[60,156704,551],{"class":126},[60,156706,1042],{"class":74},[60,156708,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,156710,143],{"class":142},[60,156712,130],{"class":74},[60,156714,2629],{"class":1527},[60,156716,130],{"class":74},[60,156718,2258],{"class":126},[60,156720,1042],{"class":74},[60,156722,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,156724,143],{"class":142},[60,156726,130],{"class":74},[60,156728,12157],{"class":142},[60,156730,130],{"class":74},[60,156732,2258],{"class":126},[60,156734,1042],{"class":74},[20,156736,156737],{},[4753,156738,153],{},[51,156740,156742],{"className":53,"code":156741,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156743,156744,156758,156772],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156745,156746,156748,156750,156752,156754,156756],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156747,4304],{"class":70},[60,156749,4307],{"class":3082},[60,156751,365],{"class":78},[60,156753,3206],{"class":82},[60,156755,356],{"class":78},[60,156757,4316],{"class":70},[60,156759,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156761,4304],{"class":70},[60,156763,4307],{"class":3082},[60,156765,365],{"class":78},[60,156767,49934],{"class":82},[60,156769,356],{"class":78},[60,156771,4316],{"class":70},[60,156773,156774],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,156775,47899],{"class":1402},[20,156777,156778,156779,2360,156782,123],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[551,156780,156781],{"href":148692},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[551,156783,149993],{"href":149992},[415,156785,156787],{"id":156786},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[51,156789,156791],{"className":53,"code":156790,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156792,156793,156837],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156794,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815,156817,156819,156821,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156796,60453],{"class":66},[60,156798,71],{"class":70},[60,156800,1776],{"class":74},[60,156802,79],{"class":78},[60,156804,1604],{"class":82},[60,156806,79],{"class":78},[60,156808,88],{"class":74},[60,156810,75],{"class":74},[60,156812,1432],{"class":1402},[60,156814,88],{"class":74},[60,156816,1437],{"class":1402},[60,156818,19055],{"class":74},[60,156820,1776],{"class":74},[60,156822,79],{"class":78},[60,156824,3191],{"class":82},[60,156826,79],{"class":78},[60,156828,88],{"class":74},[60,156830,91],{"class":78},[60,156832,785],{"class":82},[60,156834,79],{"class":78},[60,156836,1042],{"class":74},[60,156838,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156840,143],{"class":142},[60,156842,130],{"class":74},[60,156844,12157],{"class":142},[60,156846,130],{"class":74},[60,156848,60506],{"class":126},[60,156850,1042],{"class":74},[20,156852,156853],{},[4753,156854,153],{},[51,156856,156857],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156858,156859],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156860,156861],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156862,47599],{"class":1402},[20,156864,156865,156867],{},[15,156866,43346],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[46,156869,156871],{"id":156870},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[415,156873,156875,156877],{"id":156874},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156876,43346],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[51,156879,156881],{"className":53,"code":156880,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156882,156883,156907],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156884,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156886,67],{"class":66},[60,156888,71],{"class":70},[60,156890,1776],{"class":74},[60,156892,79],{"class":78},[60,156894,64570],{"class":82},[60,156896,79],{"class":78},[60,156898,88],{"class":74},[60,156900,91],{"class":78},[60,156902,55],{"class":82},[60,156904,79],{"class":78},[60,156906,136],{"class":74},[60,156908,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156910,143],{"class":142},[60,156912,130],{"class":74},[60,156914,12157],{"class":142},[60,156916,130],{"class":74},[60,156918,133],{"class":126},[60,156920,1042],{"class":74},[20,156922,156923],{},[4753,156924,153],{},[51,156926,156927],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156928,156929],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156930,156931],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156932,18050],{"class":1402},[20,156934,156935,156936,156938],{},"This result is ",[15,156937,1925],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156940,156941],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[51,156943,156945],{"className":53,"code":156944,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156946,156947,156971],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156948,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,156950,67],{"class":66},[60,156952,71],{"class":70},[60,156954,1776],{"class":74},[60,156956,79],{"class":78},[60,156958,64570],{"class":82},[60,156960,79],{"class":78},[60,156962,88],{"class":74},[60,156964,91],{"class":78},[60,156966,55],{"class":82},[60,156968,79],{"class":78},[60,156970,136],{"class":74},[60,156972,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,156974,143],{"class":142},[60,156976,130],{"class":74},[60,156978,12157],{"class":142},[60,156980,130],{"class":74},[60,156982,133],{"class":126},[60,156984,353],{"class":74},[60,156986,3137],{"class":1402},[60,156988,2718],{"class":74},[20,156990,156991],{},[4753,156992,153],{},[51,156994,156995],{"className":53,"code":18050,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,156996,156997],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,156998,156999],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157000,18050],{"class":1402},[20,157002,21765,157003,157006,157007,123],{},[15,157004,157005],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,157008,157009],{},"\"hi\"",[415,157011,157013,157015],{"id":157012},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,157014,43346],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[51,157017,157019],{"className":53,"code":157018,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,157020,157021,157057],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157022,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157024,1336],{"class":66},[60,157026,71],{"class":70},[60,157028,10992],{"class":74},[60,157030,1432],{"class":1402},[60,157032,88],{"class":74},[60,157034,1437],{"class":1402},[60,157036,10231],{"class":74},[60,157038,1776],{"class":74},[60,157040,3079],{"class":1402},[60,157042,88],{"class":74},[60,157044,3471],{"class":1402},[60,157046,10231],{"class":74},[60,157048,1776],{"class":74},[60,157050,3154],{"class":1402},[60,157052,88],{"class":74},[60,157054,38631],{"class":1402},[60,157056,1042],{"class":74},[60,157058,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157060,143],{"class":142},[60,157062,130],{"class":74},[60,157064,12157],{"class":142},[60,157066,130],{"class":74},[60,157068,1388],{"class":126},[60,157070,1042],{"class":74},[20,157072,157073],{},[4753,157074,153],{},[51,157076,157077],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,157078,157079],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157080,157081],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157082,47599],{"class":1402},[20,157084,157085],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[415,157087,157089],{"id":157088},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,157091,26683],{},[51,157093,157095],{"className":53,"code":157094,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,157096,157097,157109],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157098,157099,157101,157103,157105,157107],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157100,3462],{"class":66},[60,157102,71],{"class":70},[60,157104,1776],{"class":74},[60,157106,1345],{"class":1402},[60,157108,136],{"class":74},[60,157110,157111,157113,157115,157117,157119,157121],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157112,143],{"class":142},[60,157114,130],{"class":74},[60,157116,2629],{"class":1527},[60,157118,130],{"class":74},[60,157120,3487],{"class":126},[60,157122,1042],{"class":74},[20,157124,157125],{},[4753,157126,153],{},[51,157128,157130],{"className":53,"code":157129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,157131,157132],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157133,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157135,4304],{"class":70},[60,157137,4307],{"class":3082},[60,157139,365],{"class":78},[60,157141,3206],{"class":82},[60,157143,356],{"class":78},[60,157145,4316],{"class":70},[20,157147,157148],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[51,157150,157152],{"className":53,"code":157151,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,157153,157154,157166,157180],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157155,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157157,3462],{"class":66},[60,157159,71],{"class":70},[60,157161,1776],{"class":74},[60,157163,1345],{"class":1402},[60,157165,150045],{"class":74},[60,157167,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176,157178],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157169,143],{"class":142},[60,157171,130],{"class":74},[60,157173,2629],{"class":1527},[60,157175,130],{"class":74},[60,157177,3487],{"class":126},[60,157179,1042],{"class":74},[60,157181,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157183,143],{"class":142},[60,157185,130],{"class":74},[60,157187,12157],{"class":142},[60,157189,130],{"class":74},[60,157191,3487],{"class":126},[60,157193,1042],{"class":74},[20,157195,157196],{},[4753,157197,153],{},[51,157199,157201],{"className":53,"code":157200,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,157202,157203,157217],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157204,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157206,4304],{"class":70},[60,157208,4307],{"class":3082},[60,157210,365],{"class":78},[60,157212,49934],{"class":82},[60,157214,356],{"class":78},[60,157216,4316],{"class":70},[60,157218,157219],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157220,47899],{"class":1402},[415,157222,157224,157226],{"id":157223},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,157225,12157],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,157228,45410,157229,157231],{},[15,157230,12157],{}," as a variable name.",[20,157233,45441],{},[51,157235,157237],{"className":53,"code":157236,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157238,157239,157247,157267],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157240,157241,157243,157245],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157242,12157],{"class":142},[60,157244,14268],{"class":70},[60,157246,3601],{"class":1402},[60,157248,157249,157251,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157250,4629],{"class":66},[60,157252,71],{"class":70},[60,157254,1776],{"class":74},[60,157256,1432],{"class":1402},[60,157258,88],{"class":74},[60,157260,1437],{"class":1402},[60,157262,88],{"class":74},[60,157264,1442],{"class":1402},[60,157266,136],{"class":74},[60,157268,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157270,143],{"class":142},[60,157272,130],{"class":74},[60,157274,12157],{"class":142},[60,157276,130],{"class":74},[60,157278,4659],{"class":126},[60,157280,1042],{"class":74},[20,157282,40641,157283,157285],{},[15,157284,12157],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,157287,157288],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[51,157290,157292],{"className":53,"code":157291,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,157293,157294,157303,157323],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157295,157296,157299,157301],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157297,157298],{"class":66},"length_value ",[60,157300,71],{"class":70},[60,157302,3601],{"class":1402},[60,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157306,4629],{"class":66},[60,157308,71],{"class":70},[60,157310,1776],{"class":74},[60,157312,1432],{"class":1402},[60,157314,88],{"class":74},[60,157316,1437],{"class":1402},[60,157318,88],{"class":74},[60,157320,1442],{"class":1402},[60,157322,136],{"class":74},[60,157324,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333,157335],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157326,143],{"class":142},[60,157328,130],{"class":74},[60,157330,12157],{"class":142},[60,157332,130],{"class":74},[60,157334,4659],{"class":126},[60,157336,1042],{"class":74},[20,157338,157339],{},[4753,157340,153],{},[51,157342,157343],{"className":53,"code":47599,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,157344,157345],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157346,157347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157348,47599],{"class":1402},[46,157350,157352],{"id":157351},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,157354,157355,157357],{},[15,157356,43346],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[415,157359,157361],{"id":157360},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[51,157363,157365],{"className":53,"code":157364,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,157366,157367,157375,157379,157397],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157368,157369,157371,157373],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157370,664],{"class":66},[60,157372,71],{"class":70},[60,157374,150031],{"class":74},[60,157376,157377],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157378,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,157380,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157382,7996],{"class":2665},[60,157384,39374],{"class":142},[60,157386,130],{"class":74},[60,157388,716],{"class":126},[60,157390,2662],{"class":74},[60,157392,7407],{"class":70},[60,157394,4843],{"class":1402},[60,157396,7392],{"class":74},[60,157398,157399,157401,157403,157405,157408,157410],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,157400,9064],{"class":142},[60,157402,130],{"class":74},[60,157404,79],{"class":78},[60,157406,157407],{"class":82},"The tuple is empty",[60,157409,79],{"class":78},[60,157411,136],{"class":74},[20,157413,157414],{},[4753,157415,153],{},[51,157417,157419],{"className":53,"code":157418,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,157420,157421],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157422,157423,157425,157427,157429],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157424,2997],{"class":66},[60,157426,49934],{"class":1527},[60,157428,2773],{"class":70},[60,157430,9097],{"class":66},[415,157432,157434],{"id":157433},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[51,157436,157438],{"className":53,"code":157437,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,157439,157440,157456,157460,157478],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157441,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157443,52364],{"class":66},[60,157445,71],{"class":70},[60,157447,1776],{"class":74},[60,157449,3519],{"class":1402},[60,157451,88],{"class":74},[60,157453,6994],{"class":1402},[60,157455,136],{"class":74},[60,157457,157458],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157459,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,157461,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157463,7996],{"class":2665},[60,157465,39374],{"class":142},[60,157467,130],{"class":74},[60,157469,52389],{"class":126},[60,157471,2662],{"class":74},[60,157473,7407],{"class":70},[60,157475,1437],{"class":1402},[60,157477,7392],{"class":74},[60,157479,157480,157482,157484,157486,157489,157491],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,157481,9064],{"class":142},[60,157483,130],{"class":74},[60,157485,79],{"class":78},[60,157487,157488],{"class":82},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[60,157490,79],{"class":78},[60,157492,136],{"class":74},[20,157494,157495],{},[4753,157496,153],{},[51,157498,157500],{"className":53,"code":157499,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,157501,157502],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157503,157504,157507,157509],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157505,157506],{"class":66},"This looks like an x",[60,157508,88],{"class":74},[60,157510,157511],{"class":66}," y coordinate\n",[415,157513,157515],{"id":157514},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[51,157517,157519],{"className":53,"code":157518,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,157520,157521,157550,157554,157572],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157522,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157546,157548],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157524,12483],{"class":66},[60,157526,71],{"class":70},[60,157528,1776],{"class":74},[60,157530,79],{"class":78},[60,157532,463],{"class":82},[60,157534,79],{"class":78},[60,157536,88],{"class":74},[60,157538,10303],{"class":1402},[60,157540,88],{"class":74},[60,157542,91],{"class":78},[60,157544,157545],{"class":82},"Canada",[60,157547,79],{"class":78},[60,157549,136],{"class":74},[60,157551,157552],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157553,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,157555,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157557,7996],{"class":2665},[60,157559,39374],{"class":142},[60,157561,130],{"class":74},[60,157563,12577],{"class":126},[60,157565,2662],{"class":74},[60,157567,7407],{"class":70},[60,157569,1442],{"class":1402},[60,157571,7392],{"class":74},[60,157573,157574,157576,157578,157580,157583,157585],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,157575,9064],{"class":142},[60,157577,130],{"class":74},[60,157579,79],{"class":78},[60,157581,157582],{"class":82},"User record has the expected number of values",[60,157584,79],{"class":78},[60,157586,136],{"class":74},[20,157588,157589],{},[4753,157590,153],{},[51,157592,157594],{"className":53,"code":157593,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,157595,157596],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157597,157598],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157599,157593],{"class":66},[415,157601,157603],{"id":157602},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[51,157605,157607],{"className":53,"code":157606,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,157608,157609,157641,157645,157665],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157610,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157612,767],{"class":66},[60,157614,71],{"class":70},[60,157616,1776],{"class":74},[60,157618,79],{"class":78},[60,157620,551],{"class":82},[60,157622,79],{"class":78},[60,157624,88],{"class":74},[60,157626,91],{"class":78},[60,157628,2258],{"class":82},[60,157630,79],{"class":78},[60,157632,88],{"class":74},[60,157634,91],{"class":78},[60,157636,1895],{"class":82},[60,157638,79],{"class":78},[60,157640,136],{"class":74},[60,157642,157643],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157644,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,157646,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157648,6960],{"class":2665},[60,157650,70523],{"class":66},[60,157652,2672],{"class":2665},[60,157654,55050],{"class":142},[60,157656,130],{"class":74},[60,157658,12157],{"class":142},[60,157660,130],{"class":74},[60,157662,843],{"class":126},[60,157664,70538],{"class":74},[60,157666,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,157668,9064],{"class":142},[60,157670,130],{"class":74},[60,157672,37142],{"class":126},[60,157674,88],{"class":74},[60,157676,71071],{"class":126},[60,157678,353],{"class":74},[60,157680,37142],{"class":126},[60,157682,2677],{"class":74},[20,157684,157685],{},[4753,157686,153],{},[51,157688,157689],{"className":53,"code":37154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,157690,157691,157697,157703],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157692,157693,157695],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157694,3137],{"class":1402},[60,157696,37163],{"class":66},[60,157698,157699,157701],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157700,1432],{"class":1402},[60,157702,37170],{"class":66},[60,157704,157705,157707],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157706,1925],{"class":1402},[60,157708,37177],{"class":66},[20,157710,157711,157712,157714,157715,123],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[551,157713,150362],{"href":150361},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[551,157716,151606],{"href":151605},[46,157718,3845],{"id":3844},[20,157720,157721],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[33,157723,157724,157732,157739,157744],{},[36,157725,157726,157727,2600,157730],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157728,157729],{},"(5)",[15,157731,150196],{},[36,157733,9413,157734,157736,157737],{},[15,157735,12157],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157738,43346],{},[36,157740,9449,157741,157743],{},[15,157742,43346],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[36,157745,157746],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157748,33075],{},[51,157750,157752],{"className":53,"code":157751,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157753,157754,157764,157778,157792],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157755,157756,157758,157760,157762],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157757,143],{"class":142},[60,157759,130],{"class":74},[60,157761,148707],{"class":126},[60,157763,136],{"class":74},[60,157765,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,157767,143],{"class":142},[60,157769,130],{"class":74},[60,157771,2629],{"class":1527},[60,157773,130],{"class":74},[60,157775,148707],{"class":126},[60,157777,1042],{"class":74},[60,157779,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,157781,143],{"class":142},[60,157783,130],{"class":74},[60,157785,12157],{"class":142},[60,157787,130],{"class":74},[60,157789,148707],{"class":126},[60,157791,1042],{"class":74},[60,157793,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,157795,33145],{"class":142},[60,157797,130],{"class":74},[60,157799,12157],{"class":142},[60,157801,136],{"class":74},[20,157803,155916],{},[33,157805,157806,157809,157812,157816],{},[36,157807,157808],{},"what value you are using",[36,157810,157811],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[36,157813,27012,157814,12701],{},[15,157815,43346],{},[36,157817,124343,157818,157820],{},[15,157819,43346],{}," is documented in Python",[46,157822,2804],{"id":2803},[415,157824,157826],{"id":157825},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157828,171,157829,157832],{},[15,157830,157831],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[415,157834,2808,157836,149866],{"id":157835},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157837,43346],{},[20,157839,47347,157840,157842],{},[15,157841,43346],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[415,157844,157846],{"id":157845},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157848,157849,157850,123],{},"The length is ",[15,157851,3137],{},[415,157853,157855],{"id":157854},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157857,151552,157858,157860],{},[15,157859,151555],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[415,157862,2808,157864,157866],{"id":157863},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157865,43346],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157868,157869],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[46,157871,2870],{"id":2869},[33,157873,157874,157880,157884,157888,157892],{},[36,157875,157876],{},[551,157877,163,157878,1579],{"href":43343},[15,157879,43346],{},[36,157881,157882],{},[551,157883,156781],{"href":148692},[36,157885,157886],{},[551,157887,150362],{"href":150361},[36,157889,157890],{},[551,157891,151606],{"href":151605},[36,157893,157894],{},[551,157895,157896],{"href":149992},"What is a tuple in Python",[2912,157898,157899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":157901},[157902,157903,157904,157911,157917,157926,157932,157933,157942],{"id":16155,"depth":111,"text":16156},{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":156269,"depth":111,"text":157905,"children":157906},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157907,157908,157909,157910],{"id":156281,"depth":139,"text":156282},{"id":156348,"depth":139,"text":156349},{"id":156393,"depth":139,"text":156394},{"id":156442,"depth":139,"text":156443},{"id":156531,"depth":111,"text":156532,"children":157912},[157913,157914,157915,157916],{"id":156535,"depth":139,"text":156536},{"id":156610,"depth":139,"text":156349},{"id":156652,"depth":139,"text":156653},{"id":156786,"depth":139,"text":156787},{"id":156870,"depth":111,"text":156871,"children":157918},[157919,157921,157923,157924],{"id":156874,"depth":139,"text":157920},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":157012,"depth":139,"text":157922},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":157088,"depth":139,"text":157089},{"id":157223,"depth":139,"text":157925},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":157351,"depth":111,"text":157352,"children":157927},[157928,157929,157930,157931],{"id":157360,"depth":139,"text":157361},{"id":157433,"depth":139,"text":157434},{"id":157514,"depth":139,"text":157515},{"id":157602,"depth":139,"text":157603},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":157934},[157935,157936,157938,157939,157940],{"id":157825,"depth":139,"text":157826},{"id":157835,"depth":139,"text":157937},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157845,"depth":139,"text":157846},{"id":157854,"depth":139,"text":157855},{"id":157863,"depth":139,"text":157941},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":156053,"description":157943},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157950,"title":157951,"body":157952,"description":160337,"extension":2980,"meta":160338,"navigation":304,"path":160339,"seo":160340,"stem":160341,"__hash__":160342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157953,"toc":160298},[157954,157957,157960,157963,157986,157992,157994,158105,158109,158112,158122,158124,158223,158225,158302,158308,158312,158315,158338,158341,158358,158361,158363,158426,158428,158445,158456,158461,158463,158466,158472,158523,158525,158545,158549,158600,158602,158623,158627,158682,158684,158705,158709,158764,158766,158787,158791,158844,158846,158875,158877,158879,158882,158886,158943,158945,158966,158970,159023,159025,159050,159055,159059,159064,159082,159085,159148,159150,159171,159174,159235,159237,159258,159261,159304,159307,159311,159316,159320,159399,159401,159432,159436,159511,159513,159540,159544,159591,159593,159601,159606,159610,159613,159628,159630,159718,159720,159745,159748,159791,159800,159802,159805,159820,159823,159827,159881,159883,159903,159908,159912,159914,159952,159955,160005,160009,160082,160084,160121,160124,160126,160129,160149,160152,160221,160223,160236,160238,160242,160245,160249,160252,160257,160260,160266,160271,160273,160295],[10,157955,157951],{"id":157956},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157958,157959],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157961,157962],{},"Use this format:",[51,157964,157966],{"className":53,"code":157965,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157967,157968],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,157969,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,157971,49934],{"class":66},[60,157973,353],{"class":74},[60,157975,37062],{"class":66},[60,157977,3901],{"class":74},[60,157979,76401],{"class":66},[60,157981,3901],{"class":74},[60,157983,76404],{"class":66},[60,157985,108],{"class":74},[20,157987,2997,157988,76437,157990,123],{},[15,157989,76401],{},[4753,157991,66044],{},[46,157993,3022],{"id":3021},[51,157995,157997],{"className":53,"code":157996,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157998,157999,158027,158031,158052,158069,158086],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158000,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158002,4629],{"class":66},[60,158004,71],{"class":70},[60,158006,1776],{"class":74},[60,158008,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158010,88],{"class":74},[60,158012,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158014,88],{"class":74},[60,158016,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158018,88],{"class":74},[60,158020,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158022,88],{"class":74},[60,158024,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158026,136],{"class":74},[60,158028,158029],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158030,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158032,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158034,143],{"class":142},[60,158036,130],{"class":74},[60,158038,4659],{"class":126},[60,158040,353],{"class":74},[60,158042,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158044,3901],{"class":74},[60,158046,3519],{"class":1402},[60,158048,21440],{"class":74},[60,158050,158051],{"class":4674},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[60,158053,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,158055,143],{"class":142},[60,158057,130],{"class":74},[60,158059,4659],{"class":126},[60,158061,76510],{"class":74},[60,158063,3079],{"class":1402},[60,158065,21440],{"class":74},[60,158067,158068],{"class":4674},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[60,158070,158071,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,158072,143],{"class":142},[60,158074,130],{"class":74},[60,158076,4659],{"class":126},[60,158078,75097],{"class":74},[60,158080,1925],{"class":1402},[60,158082,21440],{"class":74},[60,158084,158085],{"class":4674},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[60,158087,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,158089,143],{"class":142},[60,158091,130],{"class":74},[60,158093,4659],{"class":126},[60,158095,75097],{"class":74},[60,158097,929],{"class":70},[60,158099,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158101,21440],{"class":74},[60,158103,158104],{"class":4674},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[46,158106,158108],{"id":158107},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,158110,158111],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[33,158113,158114,158116,158119],{},[36,158115,76704],{},[36,158117,158118],{},"The result is a new tuple",[36,158120,158121],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,158123,236],{},[51,158125,158127],{"className":53,"code":158126,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,158128,158129,158177,158181,158199,158203,158213],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158130,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158132,767],{"class":66},[60,158134,71],{"class":70},[60,158136,1776],{"class":74},[60,158138,79],{"class":78},[60,158140,551],{"class":82},[60,158142,79],{"class":78},[60,158144,88],{"class":74},[60,158146,91],{"class":78},[60,158148,2258],{"class":82},[60,158150,79],{"class":78},[60,158152,88],{"class":74},[60,158154,91],{"class":78},[60,158156,1895],{"class":82},[60,158158,79],{"class":78},[60,158160,88],{"class":74},[60,158162,91],{"class":78},[60,158164,19761],{"class":82},[60,158166,79],{"class":78},[60,158168,88],{"class":74},[60,158170,91],{"class":78},[60,158172,61427],{"class":82},[60,158174,79],{"class":78},[60,158176,136],{"class":74},[60,158178,158179],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158180,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158182,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158184,76634],{"class":66},[60,158186,71],{"class":70},[60,158188,71071],{"class":66},[60,158190,353],{"class":74},[60,158192,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158194,3901],{"class":74},[60,158196,3519],{"class":1402},[60,158198,108],{"class":74},[60,158200,158201],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,158202,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158204,158205,158207,158209,158211],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,158206,143],{"class":142},[60,158208,130],{"class":74},[60,158210,76657],{"class":126},[60,158212,136],{"class":74},[60,158214,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,158216,143],{"class":142},[60,158218,130],{"class":74},[60,158220,843],{"class":126},[60,158222,136],{"class":74},[20,158224,153],{},[51,158226,158228],{"className":53,"code":158227,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,158229,158230,158258],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158231,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158233,130],{"class":74},[60,158235,356],{"class":78},[60,158237,2258],{"class":82},[60,158239,356],{"class":78},[60,158241,88],{"class":74},[60,158243,365],{"class":78},[60,158245,1895],{"class":82},[60,158247,356],{"class":78},[60,158249,88],{"class":74},[60,158251,365],{"class":78},[60,158253,19761],{"class":82},[60,158255,356],{"class":78},[60,158257,136],{"class":74},[60,158259,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158261,130],{"class":74},[60,158263,356],{"class":78},[60,158265,551],{"class":82},[60,158267,356],{"class":78},[60,158269,88],{"class":74},[60,158271,365],{"class":78},[60,158273,2258],{"class":82},[60,158275,356],{"class":78},[60,158277,88],{"class":74},[60,158279,365],{"class":78},[60,158281,1895],{"class":82},[60,158283,356],{"class":78},[60,158285,88],{"class":74},[60,158287,365],{"class":78},[60,158289,19761],{"class":82},[60,158291,356],{"class":78},[60,158293,88],{"class":74},[60,158295,365],{"class":78},[60,158297,61427],{"class":82},[60,158299,356],{"class":78},[60,158301,136],{"class":74},[20,158303,158304,158305,123],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[551,158306,148689],{"href":158307},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[46,158309,158311],{"id":158310},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,158313,158314],{},"The full syntax is:",[51,158316,158318],{"className":53,"code":158317,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,158319,158320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158321,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158323,148707],{"class":66},[60,158325,353],{"class":74},[60,158327,37062],{"class":66},[60,158329,3901],{"class":74},[60,158331,76401],{"class":66},[60,158333,3901],{"class":74},[60,158335,76404],{"class":66},[60,158337,108],{"class":74},[20,158339,158340],{},"Each part has a job:",[33,158342,158343,158348,158353],{},[36,158344,158345,158347],{},[15,158346,37062],{},": where slicing begins",[36,158349,158350,158352],{},[15,158351,76401],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[36,158354,158355,158357],{},[15,158356,76404],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,158359,158360],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,158362,236],{},[51,158364,158366],{"className":53,"code":158365,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,158367,158368,158400,158404],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158369,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158371,4629],{"class":66},[60,158373,71],{"class":70},[60,158375,1776],{"class":74},[60,158377,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158379,88],{"class":74},[60,158381,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158383,88],{"class":74},[60,158385,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158387,88],{"class":74},[60,158389,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158391,88],{"class":74},[60,158393,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158395,88],{"class":74},[60,158397,77074],{"class":1402},[60,158399,136],{"class":74},[60,158401,158402],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158403,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158405,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158407,143],{"class":142},[60,158409,130],{"class":74},[60,158411,4659],{"class":126},[60,158413,353],{"class":74},[60,158415,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158417,3901],{"class":74},[60,158419,3154],{"class":1402},[60,158421,3901],{"class":74},[60,158423,1925],{"class":1402},[60,158425,2677],{"class":74},[20,158427,153],{},[51,158429,158431],{"className":53,"code":158430,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40)\n",[15,158432,158433],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158436,130],{"class":74},[60,158438,1354],{"class":1402},[60,158440,88],{"class":74},[60,158442,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158444,136],{"class":74},[20,158446,158447,158448,158450,158451,158453,158454,123],{},"This starts at index ",[15,158449,1432],{},", stops before index ",[15,158452,3154],{},", and moves by ",[15,158455,1925],{},[20,158457,158458,158459,123],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[551,158460,150362],{"href":153788},[46,158462,76991],{"id":76990},[20,158464,158465],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[415,158467,158469,158470,1989],{"id":158468},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,158471,821],{},[51,158473,158475],{"className":53,"code":158474,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,158476,158477,158505,158509],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158478,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158480,4629],{"class":66},[60,158482,71],{"class":70},[60,158484,1776],{"class":74},[60,158486,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158488,88],{"class":74},[60,158490,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158492,88],{"class":74},[60,158494,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158496,88],{"class":74},[60,158498,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158500,88],{"class":74},[60,158502,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158504,136],{"class":74},[60,158506,158507],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158508,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158510,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158512,143],{"class":142},[60,158514,130],{"class":74},[60,158516,4659],{"class":126},[60,158518,76510],{"class":74},[60,158520,3079],{"class":1402},[60,158522,2677],{"class":74},[20,158524,153],{},[51,158526,158527],{"className":53,"code":152054,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,158528,158529],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158530,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158532,130],{"class":74},[60,158534,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158536,88],{"class":74},[60,158538,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158540,88],{"class":74},[60,158542,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158544,136],{"class":74},[415,158546,158548],{"id":158547},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[51,158550,158552],{"className":53,"code":158551,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,158553,158554,158582,158586],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158555,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158557,4629],{"class":66},[60,158559,71],{"class":70},[60,158561,1776],{"class":74},[60,158563,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158565,88],{"class":74},[60,158567,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158569,88],{"class":74},[60,158571,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158573,88],{"class":74},[60,158575,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158577,88],{"class":74},[60,158579,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158581,136],{"class":74},[60,158583,158584],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158585,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158587,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158589,143],{"class":142},[60,158591,130],{"class":74},[60,158593,4659],{"class":126},[60,158595,353],{"class":74},[60,158597,1925],{"class":1402},[60,158599,78690],{"class":74},[20,158601,153],{},[51,158603,158605],{"className":53,"code":158604,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,158606,158607],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158608,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158610,130],{"class":74},[60,158612,1363],{"class":1402},[60,158614,88],{"class":74},[60,158616,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158618,88],{"class":74},[60,158620,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158622,136],{"class":74},[415,158624,158626],{"id":158625},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[51,158628,158630],{"className":53,"code":158629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,158631,158632,158660,158664],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158635,4629],{"class":66},[60,158637,71],{"class":70},[60,158639,1776],{"class":74},[60,158641,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158643,88],{"class":74},[60,158645,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158647,88],{"class":74},[60,158649,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158651,88],{"class":74},[60,158653,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158655,88],{"class":74},[60,158657,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158659,136],{"class":74},[60,158661,158662],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158663,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158665,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158667,143],{"class":142},[60,158669,130],{"class":74},[60,158671,4659],{"class":126},[60,158673,353],{"class":74},[60,158675,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158677,3901],{"class":74},[60,158679,3519],{"class":1402},[60,158681,2677],{"class":74},[20,158683,153],{},[51,158685,158687],{"className":53,"code":158686,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158688,158689],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158690,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158692,130],{"class":74},[60,158694,1354],{"class":1402},[60,158696,88],{"class":74},[60,158698,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158700,88],{"class":74},[60,158702,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158704,136],{"class":74},[415,158706,158708],{"id":158707},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[51,158710,158712],{"className":53,"code":158711,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158713,158714,158746,158750],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158715,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158717,4629],{"class":66},[60,158719,71],{"class":70},[60,158721,1776],{"class":74},[60,158723,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158725,88],{"class":74},[60,158727,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158729,88],{"class":74},[60,158731,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158733,88],{"class":74},[60,158735,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158737,88],{"class":74},[60,158739,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158741,88],{"class":74},[60,158743,77074],{"class":1402},[60,158745,136],{"class":74},[60,158747,158748],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158749,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158751,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158753,143],{"class":142},[60,158755,130],{"class":74},[60,158757,4659],{"class":126},[60,158759,75097],{"class":74},[60,158761,1925],{"class":1402},[60,158763,2677],{"class":74},[20,158765,153],{},[51,158767,158769],{"className":53,"code":158768,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158770,158771],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158772,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158774,130],{"class":74},[60,158776,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158778,88],{"class":74},[60,158780,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158782,88],{"class":74},[60,158784,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158786,136],{"class":74},[415,158788,158790],{"id":158789},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[51,158792,158794],{"className":53,"code":158793,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158795,158796,158824,158828],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158797,158798,158800,158802,158804,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158799,4629],{"class":66},[60,158801,71],{"class":70},[60,158803,1776],{"class":74},[60,158805,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158807,88],{"class":74},[60,158809,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158811,88],{"class":74},[60,158813,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158815,88],{"class":74},[60,158817,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158819,88],{"class":74},[60,158821,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158823,136],{"class":74},[60,158825,158826],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158827,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158829,158830,158832,158834,158836,158838,158840,158842],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158831,143],{"class":142},[60,158833,130],{"class":74},[60,158835,4659],{"class":126},[60,158837,75097],{"class":74},[60,158839,929],{"class":70},[60,158841,1432],{"class":1402},[60,158843,2677],{"class":74},[20,158845,153],{},[51,158847,158849],{"className":53,"code":158848,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158850,158851],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158852,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158854,130],{"class":74},[60,158856,77768],{"class":1402},[60,158858,88],{"class":74},[60,158860,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158862,88],{"class":74},[60,158864,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158866,88],{"class":74},[60,158868,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158870,88],{"class":74},[60,158872,7005],{"class":1402},[60,158874,136],{"class":74},[46,158876,77284],{"id":77283},[20,158878,155061],{},[20,158880,158881],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[415,158883,158885],{"id":158884},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[51,158887,158889],{"className":53,"code":158888,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158890,158891,158923,158927],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158892,158893,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158894,4629],{"class":66},[60,158896,71],{"class":70},[60,158898,1776],{"class":74},[60,158900,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158902,88],{"class":74},[60,158904,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158906,88],{"class":74},[60,158908,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158910,88],{"class":74},[60,158912,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158914,88],{"class":74},[60,158916,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158918,88],{"class":74},[60,158920,77074],{"class":1402},[60,158922,136],{"class":74},[60,158924,158925],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,158926,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,158928,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,158930,143],{"class":142},[60,158932,130],{"class":74},[60,158934,4659],{"class":126},[60,158936,353],{"class":74},[60,158938,929],{"class":70},[60,158940,3079],{"class":1402},[60,158942,78690],{"class":74},[20,158944,153],{},[51,158946,158948],{"className":53,"code":158947,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158949,158950],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158953,130],{"class":74},[60,158955,57673],{"class":1402},[60,158957,88],{"class":74},[60,158959,6081],{"class":1402},[60,158961,88],{"class":74},[60,158963,77074],{"class":1402},[60,158965,136],{"class":74},[415,158967,158969],{"id":158968},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[51,158971,158973],{"className":53,"code":158972,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158974,158975,159003,159007],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,158976,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,158978,4629],{"class":66},[60,158980,71],{"class":70},[60,158982,1776],{"class":74},[60,158984,1345],{"class":1402},[60,158986,88],{"class":74},[60,158988,1407],{"class":1402},[60,158990,88],{"class":74},[60,158992,8791],{"class":1402},[60,158994,88],{"class":74},[60,158996,51823],{"class":1402},[60,158998,88],{"class":74},[60,159000,6081],{"class":1402},[60,159002,136],{"class":74},[60,159004,159005],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159006,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159010,143],{"class":142},[60,159012,130],{"class":74},[60,159014,4659],{"class":126},[60,159016,76510],{"class":74},[60,159018,929],{"class":70},[60,159020,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159022,2677],{"class":74},[20,159024,153],{},[51,159026,159028],{"className":53,"code":159027,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159029,159030],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159031,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159033,130],{"class":74},[60,159035,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159037,88],{"class":74},[60,159039,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159041,88],{"class":74},[60,159043,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159045,88],{"class":74},[60,159047,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159049,136],{"class":74},[20,159051,159052,159053,123],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[551,159054,151611],{"href":157945},[46,159056,159058],{"id":159057},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,159060,2997,159061,159063],{},[15,159062,76404],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[33,159065,159066,159068,159070,159076],{},[36,159067,77540],{},[36,159069,77543],{},[36,159071,159072,159075],{},[15,159073,159074],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[36,159077,159078,159079,159081],{},"A step of ",[15,159080,3137],{}," is not allowed",[20,159083,159084],{},"Example with a positive step:",[51,159086,159088],{"className":53,"code":159087,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,159089,159090,159122,159126],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159091,159092,159094,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159093,4629],{"class":66},[60,159095,71],{"class":70},[60,159097,1776],{"class":74},[60,159099,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159101,88],{"class":74},[60,159103,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159105,88],{"class":74},[60,159107,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159109,88],{"class":74},[60,159111,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159113,88],{"class":74},[60,159115,6081],{"class":1402},[60,159117,88],{"class":74},[60,159119,77074],{"class":1402},[60,159121,136],{"class":74},[60,159123,159124],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159125,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159127,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159129,143],{"class":142},[60,159131,130],{"class":74},[60,159133,4659],{"class":126},[60,159135,353],{"class":74},[60,159137,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159139,3901],{"class":74},[60,159141,81567],{"class":1402},[60,159143,3901],{"class":74},[60,159145,1925],{"class":1402},[60,159147,2677],{"class":74},[20,159149,153],{},[51,159151,159153],{"className":53,"code":159152,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,159154,159155],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159156,159157,159159,159161,159163,159165,159167,159169],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159158,130],{"class":74},[60,159160,1354],{"class":1402},[60,159162,88],{"class":74},[60,159164,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159166,88],{"class":74},[60,159168,77074],{"class":1402},[60,159170,136],{"class":74},[20,159172,159173],{},"Example with a negative step:",[51,159175,159177],{"className":53,"code":159176,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,159178,159179,159207,159211],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159180,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159182,4629],{"class":66},[60,159184,71],{"class":70},[60,159186,1776],{"class":74},[60,159188,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159190,88],{"class":74},[60,159192,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159194,88],{"class":74},[60,159196,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159198,88],{"class":74},[60,159200,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159202,88],{"class":74},[60,159204,6081],{"class":1402},[60,159206,136],{"class":74},[60,159208,159209],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159210,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159212,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159214,143],{"class":142},[60,159216,130],{"class":74},[60,159218,4659],{"class":126},[60,159220,353],{"class":74},[60,159222,3519],{"class":1402},[60,159224,3901],{"class":74},[60,159226,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159228,3901],{"class":74},[60,159230,929],{"class":70},[60,159232,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159234,2677],{"class":74},[20,159236,153],{},[51,159238,159240],{"className":53,"code":159239,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,159241,159242],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159243,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159245,130],{"class":74},[60,159247,77768],{"class":1402},[60,159249,88],{"class":74},[60,159251,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159253,88],{"class":74},[60,159255,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159257,136],{"class":74},[20,159259,159260],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[51,159262,159264],{"className":53,"code":159263,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,159265,159266,159286,159290],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159267,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159269,4629],{"class":66},[60,159271,71],{"class":70},[60,159273,1776],{"class":74},[60,159275,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159277,88],{"class":74},[60,159279,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159281,88],{"class":74},[60,159283,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159285,136],{"class":74},[60,159287,159288],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159289,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159291,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159293,143],{"class":142},[60,159295,130],{"class":74},[60,159297,4659],{"class":126},[60,159299,75097],{"class":74},[60,159301,3137],{"class":1402},[60,159303,2677],{"class":74},[20,159305,159306],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[46,159308,159310],{"id":159309},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,159312,159313,159314,34735],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[4753,159315,49934],{},[415,159317,159319],{"id":159318},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[51,159321,159323],{"className":53,"code":159322,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159324,159325,159349,159353,159371,159375,159385],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345,159347],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159328,4629],{"class":66},[60,159330,71],{"class":70},[60,159332,1776],{"class":74},[60,159334,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159336,88],{"class":74},[60,159338,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159340,88],{"class":74},[60,159342,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159344,88],{"class":74},[60,159346,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159348,136],{"class":74},[60,159350,159351],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159352,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159356,114],{"class":66},[60,159358,71],{"class":70},[60,159360,5264],{"class":66},[60,159362,353],{"class":74},[60,159364,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159366,3901],{"class":74},[60,159368,3079],{"class":1402},[60,159370,108],{"class":74},[60,159372,159373],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,159374,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159376,159377,159379,159381,159383],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,159378,143],{"class":142},[60,159380,130],{"class":74},[60,159382,148],{"class":126},[60,159384,136],{"class":74},[60,159386,159387,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,159388,143],{"class":142},[60,159390,130],{"class":74},[60,159392,2629],{"class":1527},[60,159394,130],{"class":74},[60,159396,148],{"class":126},[60,159398,1042],{"class":74},[20,159400,153],{},[51,159402,159404],{"className":53,"code":159403,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159405,159406,159418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159407,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159409,130],{"class":74},[60,159411,1354],{"class":1402},[60,159413,88],{"class":74},[60,159415,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159417,136],{"class":74},[60,159419,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159421,4304],{"class":70},[60,159423,4307],{"class":3082},[60,159425,365],{"class":78},[60,159427,49934],{"class":82},[60,159429,356],{"class":78},[60,159431,4316],{"class":70},[415,159433,159435],{"id":159434},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[51,159437,159439],{"className":53,"code":159438,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,159440,159441,159461,159465,159483,159487,159497],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159444,4629],{"class":66},[60,159446,71],{"class":70},[60,159448,1776],{"class":74},[60,159450,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159452,88],{"class":74},[60,159454,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159456,88],{"class":74},[60,159458,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159460,136],{"class":74},[60,159462,159463],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159464,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159466,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159468,114],{"class":66},[60,159470,71],{"class":70},[60,159472,5264],{"class":66},[60,159474,353],{"class":74},[60,159476,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159478,3901],{"class":74},[60,159480,1925],{"class":1402},[60,159482,108],{"class":74},[60,159484,159485],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,159486,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159488,159489,159491,159493,159495],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,159490,143],{"class":142},[60,159492,130],{"class":74},[60,159494,148],{"class":126},[60,159496,136],{"class":74},[60,159498,159499,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,159500,143],{"class":142},[60,159502,130],{"class":74},[60,159504,2629],{"class":1527},[60,159506,130],{"class":74},[60,159508,148],{"class":126},[60,159510,1042],{"class":74},[20,159512,153],{},[51,159514,159516],{"className":53,"code":159515,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,159517,159518,159526],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159519,159520,159522,159524],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159521,130],{"class":74},[60,159523,1354],{"class":1402},[60,159525,150045],{"class":74},[60,159527,159528,159530,159532,159534,159536,159538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159529,4304],{"class":70},[60,159531,4307],{"class":3082},[60,159533,365],{"class":78},[60,159535,49934],{"class":82},[60,159537,356],{"class":78},[60,159539,4316],{"class":70},[415,159541,159543],{"id":159542},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[51,159545,159547],{"className":53,"code":159546,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,159548,159549,159569,159573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159550,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159552,4629],{"class":66},[60,159554,71],{"class":70},[60,159556,1776],{"class":74},[60,159558,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159560,88],{"class":74},[60,159562,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159564,88],{"class":74},[60,159566,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159568,136],{"class":74},[60,159570,159571],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159572,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159574,159575,159577,159579,159581,159583,159585,159587,159589],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159576,143],{"class":142},[60,159578,130],{"class":74},[60,159580,4659],{"class":126},[60,159582,353],{"class":74},[60,159584,3154],{"class":1402},[60,159586,3901],{"class":74},[60,159588,3360],{"class":1402},[60,159590,2677],{"class":74},[20,159592,153],{},[51,159594,159595],{"className":53,"code":9640,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159596,159597],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159598,159599],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159600,9640],{"class":74},[20,159602,159603,159604,123],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[551,159605,156781],{"href":151668},[46,159607,159609],{"id":159608},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,159611,159612],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[33,159614,159615,159617,159620,159625],{},[36,159616,77849],{},[36,159618,159619],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[36,159621,159622,159623],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,159624,71706],{},[36,159626,159627],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,159629,236],{},[51,159631,159633],{"className":53,"code":159632,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,159634,159635,159655,159659,159676,159697],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159636,159637,159639,159641,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159638,4629],{"class":66},[60,159640,71],{"class":70},[60,159642,1776],{"class":74},[60,159644,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159646,88],{"class":74},[60,159648,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159650,88],{"class":74},[60,159652,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159654,136],{"class":74},[60,159656,159657],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159658,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159660,159661,159663,159665,159667,159669,159671,159673],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159662,143],{"class":142},[60,159664,130],{"class":74},[60,159666,4659],{"class":126},[60,159668,353],{"class":74},[60,159670,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159672,21440],{"class":74},[60,159674,159675],{"class":4674},"    # one item\n",[60,159677,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,159679,143],{"class":142},[60,159681,130],{"class":74},[60,159683,4659],{"class":126},[60,159685,353],{"class":74},[60,159687,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159689,3901],{"class":74},[60,159691,3154],{"class":1402},[60,159693,21440],{"class":74},[60,159695,159696],{"class":4674},"  # slice\n",[60,159698,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,159700,143],{"class":142},[60,159702,130],{"class":74},[60,159704,4659],{"class":126},[60,159706,353],{"class":74},[60,159708,3154],{"class":1402},[60,159710,3901],{"class":74},[60,159712,3360],{"class":1402},[60,159714,21440],{"class":74},[60,159716,159717],{"class":4674},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159719,153],{},[51,159721,159723],{"className":53,"code":159722,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159724,159725,159729,159741],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159726,159727],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159728,72199],{"class":1402},[60,159730,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159732,130],{"class":74},[60,159734,1354],{"class":1402},[60,159736,88],{"class":74},[60,159738,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159740,136],{"class":74},[60,159742,159743],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159744,9640],{"class":74},[20,159746,159747],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[51,159749,159751],{"className":53,"code":159750,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159752,159753,159773,159777],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159756,4629],{"class":66},[60,159758,71],{"class":70},[60,159760,1776],{"class":74},[60,159762,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159764,88],{"class":74},[60,159766,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159768,88],{"class":74},[60,159770,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159772,136],{"class":74},[60,159774,159775],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159776,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159778,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159780,143],{"class":142},[60,159782,130],{"class":74},[60,159784,4659],{"class":126},[60,159786,353],{"class":74},[60,159788,3154],{"class":1402},[60,159790,2677],{"class":74},[20,159792,159793,159794,159796,159797,123],{},"This raises an ",[15,159795,71706],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[551,159798,155534],{"href":159799},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[46,159801,16170],{"id":78116},[20,159803,159804],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[33,159806,159807,159810,159812,159815],{},[36,159808,159809],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[36,159811,61669],{},[36,159813,159814],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[36,159816,159817,159818],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159819,3137],{},[20,159821,159822],{},"Here are a few examples.",[415,159824,159826],{"id":159825},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[51,159828,159829],{"className":53,"code":158629,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159830,159831,159859,159863],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159832,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159834,4629],{"class":66},[60,159836,71],{"class":70},[60,159838,1776],{"class":74},[60,159840,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159842,88],{"class":74},[60,159844,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159846,88],{"class":74},[60,159848,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159850,88],{"class":74},[60,159852,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159854,88],{"class":74},[60,159856,6081],{"class":1402},[60,159858,136],{"class":74},[60,159860,159861],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159862,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159864,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875,159877,159879],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159866,143],{"class":142},[60,159868,130],{"class":74},[60,159870,4659],{"class":126},[60,159872,353],{"class":74},[60,159874,1432],{"class":1402},[60,159876,3901],{"class":74},[60,159878,3519],{"class":1402},[60,159880,2677],{"class":74},[20,159882,153],{},[51,159884,159885],{"className":53,"code":158686,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159886,159887],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159888,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159890,130],{"class":74},[60,159892,1354],{"class":1402},[60,159894,88],{"class":74},[60,159896,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159898,88],{"class":74},[60,159900,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159902,136],{"class":74},[20,159904,133370,159905,159907],{},[15,159906,3519],{}," is not included.",[415,159909,159911],{"id":159910},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159913,2012],{},[51,159915,159917],{"className":53,"code":159916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159918,159919,159943,159947],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159920,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159922,4629],{"class":66},[60,159924,71],{"class":70},[60,159926,1776],{"class":74},[60,159928,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159930,88],{"class":74},[60,159932,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159934,88],{"class":74},[60,159936,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159938,88],{"class":74},[60,159940,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159942,136],{"class":74},[60,159944,159945],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159946,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159948,159949],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159950,159951],{"class":4674},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159953,159954],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[51,159956,159957],{"className":53,"code":155614,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,159958,159959,159983,159987],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,159960,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,159962,4629],{"class":66},[60,159964,71],{"class":70},[60,159966,1776],{"class":74},[60,159968,1345],{"class":1402},[60,159970,88],{"class":74},[60,159972,1407],{"class":1402},[60,159974,88],{"class":74},[60,159976,8791],{"class":1402},[60,159978,88],{"class":74},[60,159980,51823],{"class":1402},[60,159982,136],{"class":74},[60,159984,159985],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,159986,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,159990,143],{"class":142},[60,159992,130],{"class":74},[60,159994,4659],{"class":126},[60,159996,353],{"class":74},[60,159998,1432],{"class":1402},[60,160000,3901],{"class":74},[60,160002,3079],{"class":1402},[60,160004,2677],{"class":74},[415,160006,160008],{"id":160007},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[51,160010,160012],{"className":53,"code":160011,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,160013,160014,160038,160042,160057,160061,160072],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160017,4629],{"class":66},[60,160019,71],{"class":70},[60,160021,1776],{"class":74},[60,160023,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160025,88],{"class":74},[60,160027,1407],{"class":1402},[60,160029,88],{"class":74},[60,160031,8791],{"class":1402},[60,160033,88],{"class":74},[60,160035,51823],{"class":1402},[60,160037,136],{"class":74},[60,160039,160040],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160041,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,160043,160044,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160045,160046],{"class":66},"slice_result ",[60,160048,71],{"class":70},[60,160050,5264],{"class":66},[60,160052,76510],{"class":74},[60,160054,1925],{"class":1402},[60,160056,108],{"class":74},[60,160058,160059],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160060,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,160062,160063,160065,160067,160070],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,160064,143],{"class":142},[60,160066,130],{"class":74},[60,160068,160069],{"class":126},"slice_result",[60,160071,136],{"class":74},[60,160073,160074,160076,160078,160080],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,160075,143],{"class":142},[60,160077,130],{"class":74},[60,160079,4659],{"class":126},[60,160081,136],{"class":74},[20,160083,153],{},[51,160085,160087],{"className":53,"code":160086,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,160088,160089,160101],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160092,130],{"class":74},[60,160094,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160096,88],{"class":74},[60,160098,1407],{"class":1402},[60,160100,136],{"class":74},[60,160102,160103,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160104,130],{"class":74},[60,160106,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160108,88],{"class":74},[60,160110,1407],{"class":1402},[60,160112,88],{"class":74},[60,160114,8791],{"class":1402},[60,160116,88],{"class":74},[60,160118,51823],{"class":1402},[60,160120,136],{"class":74},[20,160122,160123],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[46,160125,114695],{"id":114694},[20,160127,160128],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[33,160130,160131,160134,160137,160143,160146],{},[36,160132,160133],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[36,160135,160136],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[36,160138,160139,160140],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,160141,160142],{},"tuple[::0]",[36,160144,160145],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[36,160147,160148],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,160150,160151],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[51,160153,160155],{"className":53,"code":160154,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,160156,160157,160167,160185,160207],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160160,143],{"class":142},[60,160162,130],{"class":74},[60,160164,148707],{"class":126},[60,160166,136],{"class":74},[60,160168,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181,160183],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160170,143],{"class":142},[60,160172,130],{"class":74},[60,160174,148707],{"class":126},[60,160176,353],{"class":74},[60,160178,1432],{"class":1402},[60,160180,3901],{"class":74},[60,160182,3519],{"class":1402},[60,160184,2677],{"class":74},[60,160186,160187,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160188,143],{"class":142},[60,160190,130],{"class":74},[60,160192,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160194,130],{"class":74},[60,160196,148707],{"class":126},[60,160198,353],{"class":74},[60,160200,1432],{"class":1402},[60,160202,3901],{"class":74},[60,160204,3519],{"class":1402},[60,160206,2718],{"class":74},[60,160208,160209,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160210,143],{"class":142},[60,160212,130],{"class":74},[60,160214,12157],{"class":142},[60,160216,130],{"class":74},[60,160218,148707],{"class":126},[60,160220,1042],{"class":74},[20,160222,12166],{},[33,160224,160225,160227,160230,160233],{},[36,160226,155921],{},[36,160228,160229],{},"what the slice actually returns",[36,160231,160232],{},"that the result is a tuple",[36,160234,160235],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[46,160237,2804],{"id":2803},[415,160239,160241],{"id":160240},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,160243,160244],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[415,160246,160248],{"id":160247},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,160250,160251],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[415,160253,2846,160255,2850],{"id":160254},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,160256,159074],{},[20,160258,160259],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[415,160261,160263,160264,2863],{"id":160262},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,160265,71706],{},[20,160267,160268,160269,123],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,160270,71706],{},[46,160272,2870],{"id":2869},[33,160274,160275,160279,160283,160287,160291],{},[36,160276,160277],{},[551,160278,156781],{"href":151668},[36,160280,160281],{},[551,160282,150362],{"href":153788},[36,160284,160285],{},[551,160286,151611],{"href":157945},[36,160288,160289],{},[551,160290,148689],{"href":158307},[36,160292,160293],{},[551,160294,155534],{"href":159799},[2912,160296,160297],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":160299},[160300,160301,160302,160303,160311,160315,160316,160321,160322,160327,160328,160336],{"id":3021,"depth":111,"text":3022},{"id":158107,"depth":111,"text":158108},{"id":158310,"depth":111,"text":158311},{"id":76990,"depth":111,"text":76991,"children":160304},[160305,160307,160308,160309,160310],{"id":158468,"depth":139,"text":160306},"Get the first n items",{"id":158547,"depth":139,"text":158548},{"id":158625,"depth":139,"text":158626},{"id":158707,"depth":139,"text":158708},{"id":158789,"depth":139,"text":158790},{"id":77283,"depth":111,"text":77284,"children":160312},[160313,160314],{"id":158884,"depth":139,"text":158885},{"id":158968,"depth":139,"text":158969},{"id":159057,"depth":111,"text":159058},{"id":159309,"depth":111,"text":159310,"children":160317},[160318,160319,160320],{"id":159318,"depth":139,"text":159319},{"id":159434,"depth":139,"text":159435},{"id":159542,"depth":139,"text":159543},{"id":159608,"depth":111,"text":159609},{"id":78116,"depth":111,"text":16170,"children":160323},[160324,160325,160326],{"id":159825,"depth":139,"text":159826},{"id":159910,"depth":139,"text":159911},{"id":160007,"depth":139,"text":160008},{"id":114694,"depth":111,"text":114695},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":160329},[160330,160331,160332,160334],{"id":160240,"depth":139,"text":160241},{"id":160247,"depth":139,"text":160248},{"id":160254,"depth":139,"text":160333},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":160262,"depth":139,"text":160335},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157951,"description":160337},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":160344,"title":160345,"body":160346,"description":162169,"extension":2980,"meta":162170,"navigation":304,"path":35802,"seo":162171,"stem":162172,"__hash__":162173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160347,"toc":162135},[160348,160353,160358,160362,160380,160383,160398,160404,160406,160463,160465,160497,160509,160515,160520,160523,160558,160564,160566,160569,160583,160586,160588,160611,160613,160631,160634,160650,160652,160655,160768,160770,160859,160862,160867,160873,160876,160879,160978,160980,161039,161044,161047,161116,161120,161152,161168,161173,161180,161187,161199,161201,161250,161252,161275,161281,161329,161334,161341,161349,161355,161358,161382,161385,161387,161463,161465,161490,161496,161499,161504,161508,161522,161524,161587,161589,161621,161624,161640,161642,161648,161655,161657,161676,161678,161696,161703,161708,161715,161717,161754,161757,161764,161768,161771,161829,161832,161835,161890,161892,161904,161910,161912,161916,161949,161956,161958,162021,162024,162026,162031,162045,162052,162060,162069,162078,162084,162090,162092,162132],[10,160349,163,160351,4591],{"id":160350},"python-type-function-explained",[15,160352,3317],{},[20,160354,33310,160355,160357],{},[15,160356,3317],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,160359,63742,160360,105540],{},[15,160361,3317],{},[33,160363,160364,160367,160370,160373],{},[36,160365,160366],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[36,160368,160369],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[36,160371,160372],{},"debug confusing code",[36,160374,160375,160376],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[551,160377,160378],{"href":9214},[15,160379,3974],{},[20,160381,160382],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[51,160384,160386],{"className":53,"code":160385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(object)\n",[15,160387,160388],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160389,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160391,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160393,130],{"class":74},[60,160395,43384],{"class":1527},[60,160397,136],{"class":74},[20,160399,160400,160401,160403],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,160402,3317],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[46,160405,49],{"id":48},[51,160407,160409],{"className":53,"code":160408,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160410,160411,160423,160437,160441,160449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160414,8872],{"class":66},[60,160416,71],{"class":70},[60,160418,91],{"class":78},[60,160420,6005],{"class":82},[60,160422,2389],{"class":78},[60,160424,160425,160427,160429,160431,160433,160435],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160426,143],{"class":142},[60,160428,130],{"class":74},[60,160430,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160432,130],{"class":74},[60,160434,8666],{"class":126},[60,160436,1042],{"class":74},[60,160438,160439],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160440,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,160442,160443,160445,160447],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160444,3233],{"class":66},[60,160446,71],{"class":70},[60,160448,3601],{"class":1402},[60,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,160452,143],{"class":142},[60,160454,130],{"class":74},[60,160456,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160458,130],{"class":74},[60,160460,3255],{"class":126},[60,160462,1042],{"class":74},[20,160464,153],{},[51,160466,160467],{"className":53,"code":126037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160468,160469,160483],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160470,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160472,4304],{"class":70},[60,160474,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160476,365],{"class":78},[60,160478,1528],{"class":82},[60,160480,356],{"class":78},[60,160482,4316],{"class":70},[60,160484,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160486,4304],{"class":70},[60,160488,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160490,365],{"class":78},[60,160492,3206],{"class":82},[60,160494,356],{"class":78},[60,160496,4316],{"class":70},[20,160498,171,160499,160502,160503,2360,160506,123],{},[15,160500,160501],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,160504,160505],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,160507,160508],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[46,160510,13990,160512,160514],{"id":160511},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,160513,3317],{}," function does",[20,160516,160517,160519],{},[15,160518,3317],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,160521,160522],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[33,160524,160525,160530,160535,160540,160545,160550],{},[36,160526,160527,160529],{},[15,160528,1528],{}," for text",[36,160531,160532,160534],{},[15,160533,3206],{}," for whole numbers",[36,160536,160537,160539],{},[15,160538,3209],{}," for decimal numbers",[36,160541,160542,160544],{},[15,160543,9089],{}," for lists",[36,160546,160547,160549],{},[15,160548,9819],{}," for dictionaries",[36,160551,160552,70070,160554,2360,160556],{},[15,160553,4875],{},[15,160555,4616],{},[15,160557,4685],{},[20,160559,160560,160561,160563],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,160562,3317],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[46,160565,389],{"id":388},[20,160567,160568],{},"The main beginner form is:",[51,160570,160571],{"className":53,"code":160385,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160572,160573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160574,160575,160577,160579,160581],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160576,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160578,130],{"class":74},[60,160580,43384],{"class":1527},[60,160582,136],{"class":74},[20,160584,160585],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,160587,236],{},[51,160589,160591],{"className":53,"code":160590,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,160592,160593],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160594,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607,160609],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160596,143],{"class":142},[60,160598,130],{"class":74},[60,160600,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160602,130],{"class":74},[60,160604,79],{"class":78},[60,160606,1008],{"class":82},[60,160608,79],{"class":78},[60,160610,1042],{"class":74},[20,160612,153],{},[51,160614,160615],{"className":53,"code":46752,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,160616,160617],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160618,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160620,4304],{"class":70},[60,160622,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160624,365],{"class":78},[60,160626,1528],{"class":82},[60,160628,356],{"class":78},[60,160630,4316],{"class":70},[20,160632,160633],{},"You can pass either:",[33,160635,160636,160643],{},[36,160637,160638,160639,3894,160641],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,160640,65509],{},[15,160642,47508],{},[36,160644,160645,160646,3894,160648],{},"a variable such as ",[15,160647,8666],{},[15,160649,10296],{},[46,160651,558],{"id":557},[20,160653,160654],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[51,160656,160658],{"className":53,"code":160657,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,160659,160660,160678,160692,160706,160728,160754],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160661,160662,160664,160666,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160663,143],{"class":142},[60,160665,130],{"class":74},[60,160667,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160669,130],{"class":74},[60,160671,79],{"class":78},[60,160673,1008],{"class":82},[60,160675,79],{"class":78},[60,160677,1042],{"class":74},[60,160679,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160681,143],{"class":142},[60,160683,130],{"class":74},[60,160685,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160687,130],{"class":74},[60,160689,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160691,1042],{"class":74},[60,160693,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160695,143],{"class":142},[60,160697,130],{"class":74},[60,160699,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160701,130],{"class":74},[60,160703,41129],{"class":1402},[60,160705,1042],{"class":74},[60,160707,160708,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724,160726],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160709,143],{"class":142},[60,160711,130],{"class":74},[60,160713,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160715,2652],{"class":74},[60,160717,1432],{"class":1402},[60,160719,88],{"class":74},[60,160721,1437],{"class":1402},[60,160723,88],{"class":74},[60,160725,1442],{"class":1402},[60,160727,2718],{"class":74},[60,160729,160730,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,160731,143],{"class":142},[60,160733,130],{"class":74},[60,160735,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160737,6531],{"class":74},[60,160739,79],{"class":78},[60,160741,8666],{"class":82},[60,160743,79],{"class":78},[60,160745,3901],{"class":74},[60,160747,91],{"class":78},[60,160749,6005],{"class":82},[60,160751,79],{"class":78},[60,160753,6540],{"class":74},[60,160755,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,160757,143],{"class":142},[60,160759,130],{"class":74},[60,160761,2629],{"class":1527},[60,160763,130],{"class":74},[60,160765,4616],{"class":1611},[60,160767,1042],{"class":74},[20,160769,153],{},[51,160771,160773],{"className":53,"code":160772,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160774,160775,160789,160803,160817,160831,160845],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160776,160777,160779,160781,160783,160785,160787],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160778,4304],{"class":70},[60,160780,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160782,365],{"class":78},[60,160784,1528],{"class":82},[60,160786,356],{"class":78},[60,160788,4316],{"class":70},[60,160790,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160792,4304],{"class":70},[60,160794,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160796,365],{"class":78},[60,160798,3206],{"class":82},[60,160800,356],{"class":78},[60,160802,4316],{"class":70},[60,160804,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160806,4304],{"class":70},[60,160808,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160810,365],{"class":78},[60,160812,3209],{"class":82},[60,160814,356],{"class":78},[60,160816,4316],{"class":70},[60,160818,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160820,4304],{"class":70},[60,160822,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160824,365],{"class":78},[60,160826,9089],{"class":82},[60,160828,356],{"class":78},[60,160830,4316],{"class":70},[60,160832,160833,160835,160837,160839,160841,160843],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,160834,4304],{"class":70},[60,160836,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160838,365],{"class":78},[60,160840,9819],{"class":82},[60,160842,356],{"class":78},[60,160844,4316],{"class":70},[60,160846,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,160848,4304],{"class":70},[60,160850,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160852,365],{"class":78},[60,160854,4875],{"class":82},[60,160856,356],{"class":78},[60,160858,4316],{"class":70},[20,160860,160861],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160863,160864,160865,123],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[551,160866,45779],{"href":49959},[46,160868,9413,160870,160872],{"id":160869},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160871,3317],{}," with variables",[20,160874,160875],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160877,160878],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[51,160880,160882],{"className":53,"code":160881,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160883,160884,160892,160910,160914,160926,160944,160948,160960],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160885,160886,160888,160890],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160887,3462],{"class":66},[60,160889,71],{"class":70},[60,160891,3601],{"class":1402},[60,160893,160894,160896,160898,160900,160902,160904,160906,160908],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,160895,143],{"class":142},[60,160897,130],{"class":74},[60,160899,3487],{"class":126},[60,160901,88],{"class":74},[60,160903,50369],{"class":1527},[60,160905,130],{"class":74},[60,160907,3487],{"class":126},[60,160909,1042],{"class":74},[60,160911,160912],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,160913,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,160915,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,160917,3462],{"class":66},[60,160919,71],{"class":70},[60,160921,91],{"class":78},[60,160923,46889],{"class":82},[60,160925,2389],{"class":78},[60,160927,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936,160938,160940,160942],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,160929,143],{"class":142},[60,160931,130],{"class":74},[60,160933,3487],{"class":126},[60,160935,88],{"class":74},[60,160937,50369],{"class":1527},[60,160939,130],{"class":74},[60,160941,3487],{"class":126},[60,160943,1042],{"class":74},[60,160945,160946],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,160947,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,160949,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,160951,3462],{"class":66},[60,160953,71],{"class":70},[60,160955,75],{"class":74},[60,160957,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160959,108],{"class":74},[60,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976],{"class":62,"line":7425},[60,160963,143],{"class":142},[60,160965,130],{"class":74},[60,160967,3487],{"class":126},[60,160969,88],{"class":74},[60,160971,50369],{"class":1527},[60,160973,130],{"class":74},[60,160975,3487],{"class":126},[60,160977,1042],{"class":74},[20,160979,153],{},[51,160981,160983],{"className":53,"code":160982,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160984,160985,161002,161019],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,160986,160987,160989,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,160988,1345],{"class":1402},[60,160990,160991],{"class":70}," \u003C",[60,160993,4307],{"class":3082},[60,160995,365],{"class":78},[60,160997,3206],{"class":82},[60,160999,356],{"class":78},[60,161001,4316],{"class":70},[60,161003,161004,161007,161009,161011,161013,161015,161017],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161005,161006],{"class":66},"ten ",[60,161008,4304],{"class":70},[60,161010,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161012,365],{"class":78},[60,161014,1528],{"class":82},[60,161016,356],{"class":78},[60,161018,4316],{"class":70},[60,161020,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161022,353],{"class":74},[60,161024,1345],{"class":1402},[60,161026,14265],{"class":74},[60,161028,160991],{"class":70},[60,161030,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161032,365],{"class":78},[60,161034,9089],{"class":82},[60,161036,356],{"class":78},[60,161038,4316],{"class":70},[20,161040,161041,161043],{},[15,161042,3317],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,161045,161046],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[51,161048,161050],{"className":53,"code":161049,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,161051,161052,161070,161084,161088,161102],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161053,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161055,4404],{"class":66},[60,161057,71],{"class":70},[60,161059,9237],{"class":142},[60,161061,130],{"class":74},[60,161063,79],{"class":78},[60,161065,42858],{"class":82},[60,161067,79],{"class":78},[60,161069,136],{"class":74},[60,161071,161072,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161073,143],{"class":142},[60,161075,130],{"class":74},[60,161077,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161079,130],{"class":74},[60,161081,4431],{"class":126},[60,161083,1042],{"class":74},[60,161085,161086],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161087,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161089,161090,161092,161094,161096,161098,161100],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161091,123963],{"class":66},[60,161093,71],{"class":70},[60,161095,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161097,130],{"class":74},[60,161099,4431],{"class":126},[60,161101,136],{"class":74},[60,161103,161104,161106,161108,161110,161112,161114],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,161105,143],{"class":142},[60,161107,130],{"class":74},[60,161109,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161111,130],{"class":74},[60,161113,123986],{"class":126},[60,161115,1042],{"class":74},[20,161117,42107,161118,42111],{},[15,161119,10191],{},[51,161121,161122],{"className":53,"code":126037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,161123,161124,161138],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161125,161126,161128,161130,161132,161134,161136],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161127,4304],{"class":70},[60,161129,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161131,365],{"class":78},[60,161133,1528],{"class":82},[60,161135,356],{"class":78},[60,161137,4316],{"class":70},[60,161139,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161141,4304],{"class":70},[60,161143,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161145,365],{"class":78},[60,161147,3206],{"class":82},[60,161149,356],{"class":78},[60,161151,4316],{"class":70},[20,161153,46685,161154,161158,161159,3894,161163,161167],{},[551,161155,161156],{"href":9214},[15,161157,3974],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[551,161160,161161],{"href":3890},[15,161162,3893],{},[551,161164,161165],{"href":3897},[15,161166,3900],{}," if you need a number.",[20,161169,161170,161171,123],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[551,161172,9978],{"href":9977},[46,161174,161176,11583,161178],{"id":161175},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,161177,3317],{},[15,161179,45787],{},[20,161181,161182,2360,161184,161186],{},[15,161183,3317],{},[15,161185,45787],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[33,161188,161189,161194],{},[36,161190,161191,161193],{},[15,161192,3317],{}," tells you the exact type",[36,161195,161196,161198],{},[15,161197,45787],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,161200,236],{},[51,161202,161204],{"className":53,"code":161203,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161205,161206,161214,161218,161232],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161207,161208,161210,161212],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161209,3462],{"class":66},[60,161211,71],{"class":70},[60,161213,35836],{"class":1402},[60,161215,161216],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161217,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161219,161220,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161221,143],{"class":142},[60,161223,130],{"class":74},[60,161225,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161227,130],{"class":74},[60,161229,3487],{"class":126},[60,161231,1042],{"class":74},[60,161233,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161235,143],{"class":142},[60,161237,130],{"class":74},[60,161239,49856],{"class":142},[60,161241,130],{"class":74},[60,161243,3487],{"class":126},[60,161245,88],{"class":74},[60,161247,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161249,1042],{"class":74},[20,161251,153],{},[51,161253,161255],{"className":53,"code":161254,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,161256,161257,161271],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161258,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161260,4304],{"class":70},[60,161262,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161264,365],{"class":78},[60,161266,3206],{"class":82},[60,161268,356],{"class":78},[60,161270,4316],{"class":70},[60,161272,161273],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161274,4983],{"class":1611},[20,161276,161277,161278,161280],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,161279,45787],{}," is more practical.",[51,161282,161284],{"className":53,"code":161283,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,161285,161286,161294,161298,161314],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161287,161288,161290,161292],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161289,3462],{"class":66},[60,161291,71],{"class":70},[60,161293,35836],{"class":1402},[60,161295,161296],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161297,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161299,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161301,7996],{"class":2665},[60,161303,50592],{"class":142},[60,161305,130],{"class":74},[60,161307,3487],{"class":126},[60,161309,88],{"class":74},[60,161311,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161313,9337],{"class":74},[60,161315,161316,161318,161320,161322,161325,161327],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161317,9064],{"class":142},[60,161319,130],{"class":74},[60,161321,79],{"class":78},[60,161323,161324],{"class":82},"This is an integer",[60,161326,79],{"class":78},[60,161328,136],{"class":74},[20,161330,171,161331,161333],{},[15,161332,3317],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,161335,171,161336,161338,161339,8171],{},[15,161337,45787],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,161340,7996],{},[20,161342,161343,161344,123],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[551,161345,163,161347,1579],{"href":161346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,161348,45787],{},[46,161350,161352,161353],{"id":161351},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,161354,3317],{},[20,161356,161357],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[51,161359,161361],{"className":53,"code":161360,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,161362,161363],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161364,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161376,161378,161380],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161366,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161368,130],{"class":74},[60,161370,8666],{"class":126},[60,161372,88],{"class":74},[60,161374,161375],{"class":126}," bases",[60,161377,88],{"class":74},[60,161379,10168],{"class":1527},[60,161381,136],{"class":74},[20,161383,161384],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,161386,236],{},[51,161388,161390],{"className":53,"code":161389,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,161391,161392,161435,161439,161449],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161393,161394,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161408,161410,161412,161415,161417,161419,161422,161424,161426,161428,161431,161433],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161395,161396],{"class":66},"Person ",[60,161398,71],{"class":70},[60,161400,50369],{"class":1527},[60,161402,130],{"class":74},[60,161404,79],{"class":78},[60,161406,161407],{"class":82},"Person",[60,161409,79],{"class":78},[60,161411,88],{"class":74},[60,161413,161414],{"class":74}," (),",[60,161416,11488],{"class":74},[60,161418,79],{"class":78},[60,161420,161421],{"class":82},"species",[60,161423,79],{"class":78},[60,161425,3901],{"class":74},[60,161427,91],{"class":78},[60,161429,161430],{"class":82},"human",[60,161432,79],{"class":78},[60,161434,31489],{"class":74},[60,161436,161437],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161438,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161440,161441,161443,161445,161447],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161442,143],{"class":142},[60,161444,130],{"class":74},[60,161446,161407],{"class":126},[60,161448,136],{"class":74},[60,161450,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161452,143],{"class":142},[60,161454,130],{"class":74},[60,161456,161407],{"class":126},[60,161458,123],{"class":74},[60,161460,161421],{"class":25743},[60,161462,136],{"class":74},[20,161464,153],{},[51,161466,161468],{"className":53,"code":161467,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,161469,161470,161485],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161471,161472,161474,161476,161478,161481,161483],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161473,4304],{"class":70},[60,161475,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161477,365],{"class":78},[60,161479,161480],{"class":82},"__main__.Person",[60,161482,356],{"class":78},[60,161484,4316],{"class":70},[60,161486,161487],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161488,161489],{"class":66},"human\n",[20,161491,161492,161493,161495],{},"Most beginners do ",[4753,161494,5632],{}," need this form.",[20,161497,161498],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[46,161500,5963,161502],{"id":161501},"when-to-use-type",[15,161503,3317],{},[20,161505,161506,13439],{},[15,161507,3317],{},[33,161509,161510,161513,161516,161519],{},[36,161511,161512],{},"debug unexpected values",[36,161514,161515],{},"check what a conversion produced",[36,161517,161518],{},"learn Python data types",[36,161520,161521],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,161523,6473],{},[51,161525,161527],{"className":53,"code":161526,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,161528,161529,161541,161555,161559,161573],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161530,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161532,35681],{"class":66},[60,161534,71],{"class":70},[60,161536,91],{"class":78},[60,161538,51225],{"class":82},[60,161540,2389],{"class":78},[60,161542,161543,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161544,3233],{"class":66},[60,161546,71],{"class":70},[60,161548,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161550,130],{"class":74},[60,161552,35702],{"class":126},[60,161554,136],{"class":74},[60,161556,161557],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161558,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161560,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161562,143],{"class":142},[60,161564,130],{"class":74},[60,161566,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161568,130],{"class":74},[60,161570,35702],{"class":126},[60,161572,1042],{"class":74},[60,161574,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,161576,143],{"class":142},[60,161578,130],{"class":74},[60,161580,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161582,130],{"class":74},[60,161584,3255],{"class":126},[60,161586,1042],{"class":74},[20,161588,153],{},[51,161590,161591],{"className":53,"code":126037,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,161592,161593,161607],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161594,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161596,4304],{"class":70},[60,161598,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161600,365],{"class":78},[60,161602,1528],{"class":82},[60,161604,356],{"class":78},[60,161606,4316],{"class":70},[60,161608,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161610,4304],{"class":70},[60,161612,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161614,365],{"class":78},[60,161616,3206],{"class":82},[60,161618,356],{"class":78},[60,161620,4316],{"class":70},[20,161622,161623],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,161625,161626,161627,287,161631,18066,161635,161639],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[551,161628,161629],{"href":1575},[15,161630,1578],{},[551,161632,161633],{"href":3890},[15,161634,3893],{},[551,161636,161637],{"href":3897},[15,161638,3900],{}," are often the next step.",[46,161641,26351],{"id":26350},[20,161643,161644,161645,161647],{},"A few things about ",[15,161646,3317],{}," often confuse beginners.",[415,161649,161651,161654],{"id":161650},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,161652,161653],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,161656,65618],{},[51,161658,161660],{"className":53,"code":161659,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(5))\n",[15,161661,161662],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161663,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161665,143],{"class":142},[60,161667,130],{"class":74},[60,161669,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161671,130],{"class":74},[60,161673,3154],{"class":1402},[60,161675,1042],{"class":74},[20,161677,123882],{},[51,161679,161680],{"className":53,"code":157129,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,161681,161682],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161683,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161685,4304],{"class":70},[60,161687,4307],{"class":3082},[60,161689,365],{"class":78},[60,161691,3206],{"class":82},[60,161693,356],{"class":78},[60,161695,4316],{"class":70},[20,161697,41892,161698,161700,161701,123],{},[4753,161699,5632],{}," print just ",[15,161702,3206],{},[20,161704,7675,161705,161707],{},[15,161706,3317],{}," returns a class object.",[415,161709,161711,3412,161713],{"id":161710},"input-returns-str",[15,161712,3974],{},[15,161714,1528],{},[20,161716,80515],{},[51,161718,161720],{"className":53,"code":161719,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161721,161722,161740],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161723,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161725,3462],{"class":66},[60,161727,71],{"class":70},[60,161729,9237],{"class":142},[60,161731,130],{"class":74},[60,161733,79],{"class":78},[60,161735,47292],{"class":82},[60,161737,79],{"class":78},[60,161739,136],{"class":74},[60,161741,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161743,143],{"class":142},[60,161745,130],{"class":74},[60,161747,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161749,130],{"class":74},[60,161751,3487],{"class":126},[60,161753,1042],{"class":74},[20,161755,161756],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161758,161759,161760,3894,161762,123],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161761,3893],{},[15,161763,3900],{},[415,161765,161767],{"id":161766},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161769,161770],{},"Avoid code like this:",[51,161772,161774],{"className":53,"code":161773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161775,161776,161784,161788,161814],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161777,161778,161780,161782],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161779,3462],{"class":66},[60,161781,71],{"class":70},[60,161783,35836],{"class":1402},[60,161785,161786],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161787,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161789,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161791,7996],{"class":2665},[60,161793,49885],{"class":1527},[60,161795,130],{"class":74},[60,161797,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161799,130],{"class":74},[60,161801,3487],{"class":126},[60,161803,6362],{"class":74},[60,161805,7407],{"class":70},[60,161807,91],{"class":78},[60,161809,160508],{"class":82},[60,161811,79],{"class":78},[60,161813,7392],{"class":74},[60,161815,161816,161818,161820,161822,161825,161827],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161817,9064],{"class":142},[60,161819,130],{"class":74},[60,161821,79],{"class":78},[60,161823,161824],{"class":82},"It is an int",[60,161826,79],{"class":78},[60,161828,136],{"class":74},[20,161830,161831],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161833,161834],{},"Better options:",[51,161836,161838],{"className":53,"code":161837,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161839,161840,161848,161852,161872],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161841,161842,161844,161846],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161843,3462],{"class":66},[60,161845,71],{"class":70},[60,161847,35836],{"class":1402},[60,161849,161850],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161851,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,161853,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161855,143],{"class":142},[60,161857,130],{"class":74},[60,161859,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161861,130],{"class":74},[60,161863,3487],{"class":126},[60,161865,2662],{"class":74},[60,161867,7407],{"class":70},[60,161869,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161871,136],{"class":74},[60,161873,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,161875,143],{"class":142},[60,161877,130],{"class":74},[60,161879,49856],{"class":142},[60,161881,130],{"class":74},[60,161883,3487],{"class":126},[60,161885,88],{"class":74},[60,161887,46258],{"class":1527},[60,161889,1042],{"class":74},[20,161891,153],{},[51,161893,161894],{"className":53,"code":5506,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,161895,161896,161900],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161897,161898],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161899,4983],{"class":1611},[60,161901,161902],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161903,4983],{"class":1611},[20,161905,161906,161907,161909],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161908,45787],{}," is the more useful check.",[46,161911,3845],{"id":3844},[20,161913,15726,161914,3901],{},[15,161915,3317],{},[33,161917,161918,161928,161937,161946],{},[36,161919,9413,161920,161922,161923,161927],{},[15,161921,3317],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[551,161924,161925],{"href":9214},[15,161926,3974],{}," always returns a string",[36,161929,9449,161930,161932,161933,2600,161935],{},[15,161931,3317],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161934,3206],{},[15,161936,160508],{},[36,161938,9413,161939,45611,161942,161945],{},[15,161940,161941],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161943,161944],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[36,161947,161948],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161950,161951,161952,123],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[551,161953,161955],{"href":161954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161957,145283],{},[51,161959,161961],{"className":53,"code":161960,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161962,161963,161977,161987,162001,162011],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,161964,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,161966,143],{"class":142},[60,161968,130],{"class":74},[60,161970,2629],{"class":1527},[60,161972,130],{"class":74},[60,161974,3487],{"class":126},[60,161976,1042],{"class":74},[60,161978,161979,161981,161983,161985],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,161980,143],{"class":142},[60,161982,130],{"class":74},[60,161984,3487],{"class":126},[60,161986,136],{"class":74},[60,161988,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,161990,143],{"class":142},[60,161992,130],{"class":74},[60,161994,42766],{"class":142},[60,161996,130],{"class":74},[60,161998,3487],{"class":126},[60,162000,1042],{"class":74},[60,162002,162003,162005,162007,162009],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162004,33145],{"class":142},[60,162006,130],{"class":74},[60,162008,2629],{"class":1527},[60,162010,136],{"class":74},[60,162012,162013,162015,162017,162019],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,162014,35366],{"class":142},[60,162016,130],{"class":74},[60,162018,3487],{"class":126},[60,162020,136],{"class":74},[20,162022,162023],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[46,162025,2804],{"id":2803},[415,162027,2846,162029,6145],{"id":162028},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,162030,3317],{},[20,162032,162033,162034,287,162036,287,162038,432,162040,162042,162043,123],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,162035,1528],{},[15,162037,3206],{},[15,162039,9089],{},[15,162041,9819],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,162044,160505],{},[415,162046,15896,162048,58185,162050,2863],{"id":162047},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,162049,3317],{},[15,162051,45787],{},[20,162053,47347,162054,162056,162057,162059],{},[15,162055,3317],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,162058,45787],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[415,162061,6158,162063,162066,162067,2863],{"id":162062},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,162064,162065],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,162068,1528],{},[20,162070,30054,162071,162073,162074,3894,162076,161167],{},[15,162072,3974],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,162075,3893],{},[15,162077,3900],{},[415,162079,6170,162081,162083],{"id":162080},"can-type-create-classes",[15,162082,3317],{}," create classes?",[20,162085,162086,162087,123],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,162088,162089],{},"type(object)",[46,162091,2870],{"id":2869},[33,162093,162094,162098,162104,162110,162114,162120,162126],{},[36,162095,162096],{},[551,162097,45779],{"href":49959},[36,162099,162100],{},[551,162101,163,162102,1579],{"href":161346},[15,162103,45787],{},[36,162105,162106],{},[551,162107,163,162108,1579],{"href":9214},[15,162109,3974],{},[36,162111,162112],{},[551,162113,10055],{"href":9977},[36,162115,162116],{},[551,162117,163,162118,1579],{"href":3890},[15,162119,3893],{},[36,162121,162122],{},[551,162123,163,162124,1579],{"href":3897},[15,162125,3900],{},[36,162127,162128],{},[551,162129,163,162130,1579],{"href":1575},[15,162131,1578],{},[2912,162133,162134],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":56,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":162136},[162137,162138,162140,162141,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162157,162158,162168],{"id":48,"depth":111,"text":49},{"id":160511,"depth":111,"text":162139},"What the type() function does",{"id":388,"depth":111,"text":389},{"id":557,"depth":111,"text":558},{"id":160869,"depth":111,"text":162143},"Using type() with variables",{"id":161175,"depth":111,"text":162145},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":161351,"depth":111,"text":162147},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":161501,"depth":111,"text":162149},"When to use type()",{"id":26350,"depth":111,"text":26351,"children":162151},[162152,162154,162156],{"id":161650,"depth":139,"text":162153},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161710,"depth":139,"text":162155},"input() returns str",{"id":161766,"depth":139,"text":161767},{"id":3844,"depth":111,"text":3845},{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":162159},[162160,162162,162164,162166],{"id":162028,"depth":139,"text":162161},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":162047,"depth":139,"text":162163},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":162062,"depth":139,"text":162165},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":162080,"depth":139,"text":162167},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":160345,"description":162169},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":162175,"title":162176,"body":162177,"description":164656,"extension":2980,"meta":164657,"navigation":304,"path":164658,"seo":164659,"stem":164660,"__hash__":164661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":162178,"toc":164613},[162179,162184,162189,162198,162200,162300,162302,162327,162332,162337,162353,162356,162358,162360,162385,162388,162391,162474,162476,162525,162528,162650,162652,162725,162729,162732,162846,162848,162874,162876,162897,162902,162906,162911,162914,163018,163020,163037,163046,163049,163136,163138,163149,163154,163160,163165,163171,163174,163267,163269,163318,163324,163327,163428,163430,163483,163488,163492,163495,163594,163596,163635,163638,163643,163645,163650,163654,163767,163771,163868,163872,163960,163962,163979,163983,164106,164112,164118,164124,164129,164132,164159,164163,164165,164259,164262,164266,164269,164356,164359,164394,164396,164433,164436,164444,164449,164454,164528,164535,164537,164542,164545,164551,164554,164560,164565,164571,164576,164580,164583,164585,164610],[10,162180,163,162182,4591],{"id":162181},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,162183,65294],{},[20,162185,162186,162188],{},[15,162187,65294],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,162190,162191,162192,162194,162195,162197],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,162193,65294],{}," inside a ",[15,162196,6960],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[46,162199,3022],{"id":3021},[51,162201,162203],{"className":53,"code":162202,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162204,162205,162237,162257,162261,162286],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162206,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162208,454],{"class":66},[60,162210,71],{"class":70},[60,162212,75],{"class":74},[60,162214,79],{"class":78},[60,162216,463],{"class":82},[60,162218,79],{"class":78},[60,162220,88],{"class":74},[60,162222,91],{"class":78},[60,162224,472],{"class":82},[60,162226,79],{"class":78},[60,162228,88],{"class":74},[60,162230,91],{"class":78},[60,162232,481],{"class":82},[60,162234,79],{"class":78},[60,162236,108],{"class":74},[60,162238,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162240,6064],{"class":66},[60,162242,71],{"class":70},[60,162244,75],{"class":74},[60,162246,14494],{"class":1402},[60,162248,88],{"class":74},[60,162250,14499],{"class":1402},[60,162252,88],{"class":74},[60,162254,29913],{"class":1402},[60,162256,108],{"class":74},[60,162258,162259],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162260,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,162262,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162264,6960],{"class":2665},[60,162266,36982],{"class":66},[60,162268,88],{"class":74},[60,162270,6106],{"class":66},[60,162272,2672],{"class":2665},[60,162274,162275],{"class":142}," zip",[60,162277,130],{"class":74},[60,162279,507],{"class":126},[60,162281,88],{"class":74},[60,162283,6111],{"class":126},[60,162285,9337],{"class":74},[60,162287,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,162289,9064],{"class":142},[60,162291,130],{"class":74},[60,162293,8666],{"class":126},[60,162295,88],{"class":74},[60,162297,131822],{"class":126},[60,162299,136],{"class":74},[20,162301,153],{},[51,162303,162305],{"className":53,"code":162304,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,162306,162307,162313,162320],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162308,162309,162311],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162310,535],{"class":66},[60,162312,34129],{"class":1402},[60,162314,162315,162318],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162316,162317],{"class":66},"Ben ",[60,162319,34134],{"class":1402},[60,162321,162322,162325],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162323,162324],{"class":66},"Cara ",[60,162326,34139],{"class":1402},[20,162328,171,162329,162331],{},[15,162330,65294],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[46,162333,178,162335,181],{"id":162334},"what-zip-does",[15,162336,65294],{},[33,162338,162339,162344,162347,162350],{},[36,162340,162341,162343],{},[15,162342,65294],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[36,162345,162346],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[36,162348,162349],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[36,162351,162352],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,162354,162355],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[46,162357,389],{"id":388},[20,162359,392],{},[51,162361,162363],{"className":53,"code":162362,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,162364,162365],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162366,162367,162369,162371,162374,162376,162379,162381,162383],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162368,65364],{"class":142},[60,162370,130],{"class":74},[60,162372,162373],{"class":126},"iterable1",[60,162375,88],{"class":74},[60,162377,162378],{"class":126}," iterable2",[60,162380,88],{"class":74},[60,162382,35447],{"class":142},[60,162384,136],{"class":74},[20,162386,162387],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,162389,162390],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[51,162392,162394],{"className":53,"code":162393,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,162395,162396,162416,162448,162452],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162397,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162399,4629],{"class":66},[60,162401,71],{"class":70},[60,162403,75],{"class":74},[60,162405,1432],{"class":1402},[60,162407,88],{"class":74},[60,162409,1437],{"class":1402},[60,162411,88],{"class":74},[60,162413,1442],{"class":1402},[60,162415,108],{"class":74},[60,162417,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162419,767],{"class":66},[60,162421,71],{"class":70},[60,162423,75],{"class":74},[60,162425,79],{"class":78},[60,162427,551],{"class":82},[60,162429,79],{"class":78},[60,162431,88],{"class":74},[60,162433,91],{"class":78},[60,162435,2258],{"class":82},[60,162437,79],{"class":78},[60,162439,88],{"class":74},[60,162441,91],{"class":78},[60,162443,1895],{"class":82},[60,162445,79],{"class":78},[60,162447,108],{"class":74},[60,162449,162450],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162451,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,162453,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162455,143],{"class":142},[60,162457,130],{"class":74},[60,162459,9089],{"class":1527},[60,162461,130],{"class":74},[60,162463,65364],{"class":142},[60,162465,130],{"class":74},[60,162467,4659],{"class":126},[60,162469,88],{"class":74},[60,162471,71071],{"class":126},[60,162473,1992],{"class":74},[20,162475,153],{},[51,162477,162479],{"className":53,"code":162478,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,162480,162481],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162484,22735],{"class":74},[60,162486,1432],{"class":1402},[60,162488,88],{"class":74},[60,162490,365],{"class":78},[60,162492,551],{"class":82},[60,162494,356],{"class":78},[60,162496,10231],{"class":74},[60,162498,1776],{"class":74},[60,162500,1925],{"class":1402},[60,162502,88],{"class":74},[60,162504,365],{"class":78},[60,162506,2258],{"class":82},[60,162508,356],{"class":78},[60,162510,10231],{"class":74},[60,162512,1776],{"class":74},[60,162514,3079],{"class":1402},[60,162516,88],{"class":74},[60,162518,365],{"class":78},[60,162520,1895],{"class":82},[60,162522,356],{"class":78},[60,162524,10246],{"class":74},[20,162526,162527],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[51,162529,162531],{"className":53,"code":162530,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,162532,162533,162565,162585,162619,162623],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162534,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162536,454],{"class":66},[60,162538,71],{"class":70},[60,162540,75],{"class":74},[60,162542,79],{"class":78},[60,162544,463],{"class":82},[60,162546,79],{"class":78},[60,162548,88],{"class":74},[60,162550,91],{"class":78},[60,162552,472],{"class":82},[60,162554,79],{"class":78},[60,162556,88],{"class":74},[60,162558,91],{"class":78},[60,162560,481],{"class":82},[60,162562,79],{"class":78},[60,162564,108],{"class":74},[60,162566,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162568,6064],{"class":66},[60,162570,71],{"class":70},[60,162572,75],{"class":74},[60,162574,14494],{"class":1402},[60,162576,88],{"class":74},[60,162578,14499],{"class":1402},[60,162580,88],{"class":74},[60,162582,29913],{"class":1402},[60,162584,108],{"class":74},[60,162586,162587,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162615,162617],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162588,162589],{"class":66},"grades ",[60,162591,71],{"class":70},[60,162593,75],{"class":74},[60,162595,79],{"class":78},[60,162597,1260],{"class":82},[60,162599,79],{"class":78},[60,162601,88],{"class":74},[60,162603,91],{"class":78},[60,162605,1269],{"class":82},[60,162607,79],{"class":78},[60,162609,88],{"class":74},[60,162611,91],{"class":78},[60,162613,162614],{"class":82},"B+",[60,162616,79],{"class":78},[60,162618,108],{"class":74},[60,162620,162621],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162622,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,162624,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162648],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,162626,143],{"class":142},[60,162628,130],{"class":74},[60,162630,9089],{"class":1527},[60,162632,130],{"class":74},[60,162634,65364],{"class":142},[60,162636,130],{"class":74},[60,162638,507],{"class":126},[60,162640,88],{"class":74},[60,162642,6111],{"class":126},[60,162644,88],{"class":74},[60,162646,162647],{"class":126}," grades",[60,162649,1992],{"class":74},[20,162651,153],{},[51,162653,162655],{"className":53,"code":162654,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,162656,162657],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162658,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162660,22735],{"class":74},[60,162662,356],{"class":78},[60,162664,463],{"class":82},[60,162666,356],{"class":78},[60,162668,88],{"class":74},[60,162670,20892],{"class":1402},[60,162672,88],{"class":74},[60,162674,365],{"class":78},[60,162676,1260],{"class":82},[60,162678,356],{"class":78},[60,162680,10231],{"class":74},[60,162682,1776],{"class":74},[60,162684,356],{"class":78},[60,162686,472],{"class":82},[60,162688,356],{"class":78},[60,162690,88],{"class":74},[60,162692,14499],{"class":1402},[60,162694,88],{"class":74},[60,162696,365],{"class":78},[60,162698,1269],{"class":82},[60,162700,356],{"class":78},[60,162702,10231],{"class":74},[60,162704,1776],{"class":74},[60,162706,356],{"class":78},[60,162708,481],{"class":82},[60,162710,356],{"class":78},[60,162712,88],{"class":74},[60,162714,29913],{"class":1402},[60,162716,88],{"class":74},[60,162718,365],{"class":78},[60,162720,162614],{"class":82},[60,162722,356],{"class":78},[60,162724,10246],{"class":74},[46,162726,162728],{"id":162727},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162730,162731],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[51,162733,162735],{"className":53,"code":162734,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162736,162737,162769,162789,162793,162817],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162738,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162740,454],{"class":66},[60,162742,71],{"class":70},[60,162744,75],{"class":74},[60,162746,79],{"class":78},[60,162748,463],{"class":82},[60,162750,79],{"class":78},[60,162752,88],{"class":74},[60,162754,91],{"class":78},[60,162756,472],{"class":82},[60,162758,79],{"class":78},[60,162760,88],{"class":74},[60,162762,91],{"class":78},[60,162764,481],{"class":82},[60,162766,79],{"class":78},[60,162768,108],{"class":74},[60,162770,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162772,6064],{"class":66},[60,162774,71],{"class":70},[60,162776,75],{"class":74},[60,162778,14494],{"class":1402},[60,162780,88],{"class":74},[60,162782,14499],{"class":1402},[60,162784,88],{"class":74},[60,162786,29913],{"class":1402},[60,162788,108],{"class":74},[60,162790,162791],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162792,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162796,6960],{"class":2665},[60,162798,36982],{"class":66},[60,162800,88],{"class":74},[60,162802,6106],{"class":66},[60,162804,2672],{"class":2665},[60,162806,162275],{"class":142},[60,162808,130],{"class":74},[60,162810,507],{"class":126},[60,162812,88],{"class":74},[60,162814,6111],{"class":126},[60,162816,9337],{"class":74},[60,162818,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,162820,9064],{"class":142},[60,162822,130],{"class":74},[60,162824,23288],{"class":3082},[60,162826,79],{"class":82},[60,162828,10275],{"class":1402},[60,162830,8666],{"class":126},[60,162832,23297],{"class":1402},[60,162834,162835],{"class":82}," scored ",[60,162837,10275],{"class":1402},[60,162839,86493],{"class":126},[60,162841,23297],{"class":1402},[60,162843,79],{"class":82},[60,162845,136],{"class":74},[20,162847,153],{},[51,162849,162851],{"className":53,"code":162850,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162852,162853,162860,162867],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162854,162855,162858],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162856,162857],{"class":66},"Ana scored ",[60,162859,34129],{"class":1402},[60,162861,162862,162865],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162863,162864],{"class":66},"Ben scored ",[60,162866,34134],{"class":1402},[60,162868,162869,162872],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162870,162871],{"class":66},"Cara scored ",[60,162873,34139],{"class":1402},[20,162875,45912],{},[33,162877,162878,162887,162890],{},[36,162879,162880,162883,162884],{},[15,162881,162882],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162885,162886],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[36,162888,162889],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[36,162891,162892,2360,162894,162896],{},[15,162893,8666],{},[15,162895,86493],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162898,162899,162900,123],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[551,162901,70588],{"href":70587},[46,162903,162905],{"id":162904},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162907,162908,162910],{},[15,162909,65294],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162912,162913],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[51,162915,162917],{"className":53,"code":162916,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162918,162919,162960,162976,162980,163004],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,162920,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162956,162958],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,162922,454],{"class":66},[60,162924,71],{"class":70},[60,162926,75],{"class":74},[60,162928,79],{"class":78},[60,162930,463],{"class":82},[60,162932,79],{"class":78},[60,162934,88],{"class":74},[60,162936,91],{"class":78},[60,162938,472],{"class":82},[60,162940,79],{"class":78},[60,162942,88],{"class":74},[60,162944,91],{"class":78},[60,162946,481],{"class":82},[60,162948,79],{"class":78},[60,162950,88],{"class":74},[60,162952,91],{"class":78},[60,162954,162955],{"class":82},"Dan",[60,162957,79],{"class":78},[60,162959,108],{"class":74},[60,162961,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,162963,6064],{"class":66},[60,162965,71],{"class":70},[60,162967,75],{"class":74},[60,162969,14494],{"class":1402},[60,162971,88],{"class":74},[60,162973,14499],{"class":1402},[60,162975,108],{"class":74},[60,162977,162978],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,162979,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,162981,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,162983,6960],{"class":2665},[60,162985,36982],{"class":66},[60,162987,88],{"class":74},[60,162989,6106],{"class":66},[60,162991,2672],{"class":2665},[60,162993,162275],{"class":142},[60,162995,130],{"class":74},[60,162997,507],{"class":126},[60,162999,88],{"class":74},[60,163001,6111],{"class":126},[60,163003,9337],{"class":74},[60,163005,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163007,9064],{"class":142},[60,163009,130],{"class":74},[60,163011,8666],{"class":126},[60,163013,88],{"class":74},[60,163015,131822],{"class":126},[60,163017,136],{"class":74},[20,163019,153],{},[51,163021,163023],{"className":53,"code":163022,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,163024,163025,163031],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163026,163027,163029],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163028,535],{"class":66},[60,163030,34129],{"class":1402},[60,163032,163033,163035],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163034,162317],{"class":66},[60,163036,34134],{"class":1402},[20,163038,3301,163039,2360,163042,163045],{},[15,163040,163041],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,163043,163044],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,163047,163048],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[51,163050,163052],{"className":53,"code":163051,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,163053,163054,163094,163110,163114],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163055,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163057,454],{"class":66},[60,163059,71],{"class":70},[60,163061,75],{"class":74},[60,163063,79],{"class":78},[60,163065,463],{"class":82},[60,163067,79],{"class":78},[60,163069,88],{"class":74},[60,163071,91],{"class":78},[60,163073,472],{"class":82},[60,163075,79],{"class":78},[60,163077,88],{"class":74},[60,163079,91],{"class":78},[60,163081,481],{"class":82},[60,163083,79],{"class":78},[60,163085,88],{"class":74},[60,163087,91],{"class":78},[60,163089,162955],{"class":82},[60,163091,79],{"class":78},[60,163093,108],{"class":74},[60,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163097,6064],{"class":66},[60,163099,71],{"class":70},[60,163101,75],{"class":74},[60,163103,14494],{"class":1402},[60,163105,88],{"class":74},[60,163107,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163109,108],{"class":74},[60,163111,163112],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163113,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163115,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163117,143],{"class":142},[60,163119,130],{"class":74},[60,163121,12157],{"class":142},[60,163123,130],{"class":74},[60,163125,507],{"class":126},[60,163127,10231],{"class":74},[60,163129,39374],{"class":142},[60,163131,130],{"class":74},[60,163133,17382],{"class":126},[60,163135,1042],{"class":74},[20,163137,153],{},[51,163139,163141],{"className":53,"code":163140,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"4 2\n",[15,163142,163143],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163144,163145,163147],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163146,3519],{"class":1402},[60,163148,46571],{"class":1402},[20,163150,163151,163152,123],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,163153,65294],{},[46,163155,93082,163157,163159],{"id":163156},"converting-zip-output",[15,163158,65294],{}," output",[20,163161,30054,163162,163164],{},[15,163163,65294],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[415,163166,171,163168],{"id":163167},"use-listzip",[15,163169,163170],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,163172,163173],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[51,163175,163177],{"className":53,"code":163176,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,163178,163179,163211,163231,163235,163257],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203,163205,163207,163209],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163182,454],{"class":66},[60,163184,71],{"class":70},[60,163186,75],{"class":74},[60,163188,79],{"class":78},[60,163190,463],{"class":82},[60,163192,79],{"class":78},[60,163194,88],{"class":74},[60,163196,91],{"class":78},[60,163198,472],{"class":82},[60,163200,79],{"class":78},[60,163202,88],{"class":74},[60,163204,91],{"class":78},[60,163206,481],{"class":82},[60,163208,79],{"class":78},[60,163210,108],{"class":74},[60,163212,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163214,6064],{"class":66},[60,163216,71],{"class":70},[60,163218,75],{"class":74},[60,163220,14494],{"class":1402},[60,163222,88],{"class":74},[60,163224,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163226,88],{"class":74},[60,163228,29913],{"class":1402},[60,163230,108],{"class":74},[60,163232,163233],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163234,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163236,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163238,10213],{"class":66},[60,163240,71],{"class":70},[60,163242,23553],{"class":1527},[60,163244,130],{"class":74},[60,163246,65364],{"class":142},[60,163248,130],{"class":74},[60,163250,507],{"class":126},[60,163252,88],{"class":74},[60,163254,6111],{"class":126},[60,163256,1042],{"class":74},[60,163258,163259,163261,163263,163265],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163260,143],{"class":142},[60,163262,130],{"class":74},[60,163264,10259],{"class":126},[60,163266,136],{"class":74},[20,163268,153],{},[51,163270,163272],{"className":53,"code":163271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,163273,163274],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163275,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163277,22735],{"class":74},[60,163279,356],{"class":78},[60,163281,463],{"class":82},[60,163283,356],{"class":78},[60,163285,88],{"class":74},[60,163287,20892],{"class":1402},[60,163289,10231],{"class":74},[60,163291,1776],{"class":74},[60,163293,356],{"class":78},[60,163295,472],{"class":82},[60,163297,356],{"class":78},[60,163299,88],{"class":74},[60,163301,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163303,10231],{"class":74},[60,163305,1776],{"class":74},[60,163307,356],{"class":78},[60,163309,481],{"class":82},[60,163311,356],{"class":78},[60,163313,88],{"class":74},[60,163315,29913],{"class":1402},[60,163317,10246],{"class":74},[415,163319,171,163321],{"id":163320},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,163322,163323],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,163325,163326],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[51,163328,163330],{"className":53,"code":163329,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,163331,163332,163364,163392,163396,163418],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163333,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350,163352,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163335,18236],{"class":66},[60,163337,71],{"class":70},[60,163339,75],{"class":74},[60,163341,79],{"class":78},[60,163343,8666],{"class":82},[60,163345,79],{"class":78},[60,163347,88],{"class":74},[60,163349,91],{"class":78},[60,163351,10296],{"class":82},[60,163353,79],{"class":78},[60,163355,88],{"class":74},[60,163357,91],{"class":78},[60,163359,11406],{"class":82},[60,163361,79],{"class":78},[60,163363,108],{"class":74},[60,163365,163366,163368,163370,163372,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163367,1336],{"class":66},[60,163369,71],{"class":70},[60,163371,75],{"class":74},[60,163373,79],{"class":78},[60,163375,463],{"class":82},[60,163377,79],{"class":78},[60,163379,88],{"class":74},[60,163381,10303],{"class":1402},[60,163383,88],{"class":74},[60,163385,91],{"class":78},[60,163387,17024],{"class":82},[60,163389,79],{"class":78},[60,163391,108],{"class":74},[60,163393,163394],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163395,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163397,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163399,14196],{"class":66},[60,163401,71],{"class":70},[60,163403,10168],{"class":1527},[60,163405,130],{"class":74},[60,163407,65364],{"class":142},[60,163409,130],{"class":74},[60,163411,17917],{"class":126},[60,163413,88],{"class":74},[60,163415,1533],{"class":126},[60,163417,1042],{"class":74},[60,163419,163420,163422,163424,163426],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163421,143],{"class":142},[60,163423,130],{"class":74},[60,163425,18301],{"class":126},[60,163427,136],{"class":74},[20,163429,153],{},[51,163431,163433],{"className":53,"code":163432,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,163434,163435],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163436,163437,163439,163441,163443,163445,163447,163449,163451,163453,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163438,10275],{"class":74},[60,163440,356],{"class":78},[60,163442,8666],{"class":82},[60,163444,356],{"class":78},[60,163446,3901],{"class":74},[60,163448,365],{"class":78},[60,163450,463],{"class":82},[60,163452,356],{"class":78},[60,163454,88],{"class":74},[60,163456,365],{"class":78},[60,163458,10296],{"class":82},[60,163460,356],{"class":78},[60,163462,3901],{"class":74},[60,163464,10303],{"class":1402},[60,163466,88],{"class":74},[60,163468,365],{"class":78},[60,163470,11406],{"class":82},[60,163472,356],{"class":78},[60,163474,3901],{"class":74},[60,163476,365],{"class":78},[60,163478,17024],{"class":82},[60,163480,356],{"class":78},[60,163482,10306],{"class":74},[20,163484,163485,163486,123],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[551,163487,32079],{"href":32078},[415,163489,163491],{"id":163490},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,163493,163494],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[51,163496,163498],{"className":53,"code":163497,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,163499,163500,163524,163540,163544,163562,163566,163580],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163501,163502,163504,163506,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163503,454],{"class":66},[60,163505,71],{"class":70},[60,163507,75],{"class":74},[60,163509,79],{"class":78},[60,163511,463],{"class":82},[60,163513,79],{"class":78},[60,163515,88],{"class":74},[60,163517,91],{"class":78},[60,163519,472],{"class":82},[60,163521,79],{"class":78},[60,163523,108],{"class":74},[60,163525,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536,163538],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163527,6064],{"class":66},[60,163529,71],{"class":70},[60,163531,75],{"class":74},[60,163533,14494],{"class":1402},[60,163535,88],{"class":74},[60,163537,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163539,108],{"class":74},[60,163541,163542],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163543,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163545,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163547,10213],{"class":66},[60,163549,71],{"class":70},[60,163551,162275],{"class":142},[60,163553,130],{"class":74},[60,163555,507],{"class":126},[60,163557,88],{"class":74},[60,163559,6111],{"class":126},[60,163561,136],{"class":74},[60,163563,163564],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163565,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163567,163568,163570,163572,163574,163576,163578],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,163569,143],{"class":142},[60,163571,130],{"class":74},[60,163573,9089],{"class":1527},[60,163575,130],{"class":74},[60,163577,10259],{"class":126},[60,163579,1042],{"class":74},[60,163581,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,163583,143],{"class":142},[60,163585,130],{"class":74},[60,163587,9089],{"class":1527},[60,163589,130],{"class":74},[60,163591,10259],{"class":126},[60,163593,1042],{"class":74},[20,163595,153],{},[51,163597,163599],{"className":53,"code":163598,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,163600,163601,163631],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163602,163603,163605,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163604,22735],{"class":74},[60,163606,356],{"class":78},[60,163608,463],{"class":82},[60,163610,356],{"class":78},[60,163612,88],{"class":74},[60,163614,20892],{"class":1402},[60,163616,10231],{"class":74},[60,163618,1776],{"class":74},[60,163620,356],{"class":78},[60,163622,472],{"class":82},[60,163624,356],{"class":78},[60,163626,88],{"class":74},[60,163628,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163630,10246],{"class":74},[60,163632,163633],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163634,39285],{"class":74},[20,163636,163637],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,163639,163640,163641,123],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[551,163642,6137],{"href":6588},[46,163644,42032],{"id":42031},[20,163646,163647,163648,123],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,163649,65294],{},[415,163651,163653],{"id":163652},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[51,163655,163657],{"className":53,"code":163656,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,163658,163659,163691,163711,163715,163739],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163660,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163662,454],{"class":66},[60,163664,71],{"class":70},[60,163666,75],{"class":74},[60,163668,79],{"class":78},[60,163670,463],{"class":82},[60,163672,79],{"class":78},[60,163674,88],{"class":74},[60,163676,91],{"class":78},[60,163678,472],{"class":82},[60,163680,79],{"class":78},[60,163682,88],{"class":74},[60,163684,91],{"class":78},[60,163686,481],{"class":82},[60,163688,79],{"class":78},[60,163690,108],{"class":74},[60,163692,163693,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163694,6064],{"class":66},[60,163696,71],{"class":70},[60,163698,75],{"class":74},[60,163700,14494],{"class":1402},[60,163702,88],{"class":74},[60,163704,14499],{"class":1402},[60,163706,88],{"class":74},[60,163708,29913],{"class":1402},[60,163710,108],{"class":74},[60,163712,163713],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163714,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163716,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163718,6960],{"class":2665},[60,163720,36982],{"class":66},[60,163722,88],{"class":74},[60,163724,6106],{"class":66},[60,163726,2672],{"class":2665},[60,163728,162275],{"class":142},[60,163730,130],{"class":74},[60,163732,507],{"class":126},[60,163734,88],{"class":74},[60,163736,6111],{"class":126},[60,163738,9337],{"class":74},[60,163740,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759,163761,163763,163765],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163742,9064],{"class":142},[60,163744,130],{"class":74},[60,163746,23288],{"class":3082},[60,163748,79],{"class":82},[60,163750,10275],{"class":1402},[60,163752,8666],{"class":126},[60,163754,23297],{"class":1402},[60,163756,23300],{"class":82},[60,163758,10275],{"class":1402},[60,163760,86493],{"class":126},[60,163762,23297],{"class":1402},[60,163764,79],{"class":82},[60,163766,136],{"class":74},[415,163768,163770],{"id":163769},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[51,163772,163774],{"className":53,"code":163773,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163775,163776,163808,163832,163836,163858],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163777,163778,163780,163782,163784,163786,163788,163790,163792,163794,163796,163798,163800,163802,163804,163806],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163779,18236],{"class":66},[60,163781,71],{"class":70},[60,163783,75],{"class":74},[60,163785,79],{"class":78},[60,163787,13644],{"class":82},[60,163789,79],{"class":78},[60,163791,88],{"class":74},[60,163793,91],{"class":78},[60,163795,8666],{"class":82},[60,163797,79],{"class":78},[60,163799,88],{"class":74},[60,163801,91],{"class":78},[60,163803,16814],{"class":82},[60,163805,79],{"class":78},[60,163807,108],{"class":74},[60,163809,163810,163812,163814,163816,163818,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828,163830],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163811,1336],{"class":66},[60,163813,71],{"class":70},[60,163815,75],{"class":74},[60,163817,47574],{"class":1402},[60,163819,88],{"class":74},[60,163821,91],{"class":78},[60,163823,463],{"class":82},[60,163825,79],{"class":78},[60,163827,88],{"class":74},[60,163829,4919],{"class":1611},[60,163831,108],{"class":74},[60,163833,163834],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163835,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163837,163838,163840,163842,163844,163846,163848,163850,163852,163854,163856],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163839,10163],{"class":66},[60,163841,71],{"class":70},[60,163843,10168],{"class":1527},[60,163845,130],{"class":74},[60,163847,65364],{"class":142},[60,163849,130],{"class":74},[60,163851,17917],{"class":126},[60,163853,88],{"class":74},[60,163855,1533],{"class":126},[60,163857,1042],{"class":74},[60,163859,163860,163862,163864,163866],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163861,143],{"class":142},[60,163863,130],{"class":74},[60,163865,10202],{"class":126},[60,163867,136],{"class":74},[415,163869,163871],{"id":163870},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[51,163873,163875],{"className":53,"code":163874,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163876,163877,163897,163917,163921,163946],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163878,163879,163881,163883,163885,163887,163889,163891,163893,163895],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163880,81631],{"class":66},[60,163882,71],{"class":70},[60,163884,75],{"class":74},[60,163886,1345],{"class":1402},[60,163888,88],{"class":74},[60,163890,1407],{"class":1402},[60,163892,88],{"class":74},[60,163894,8791],{"class":1402},[60,163896,108],{"class":74},[60,163898,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909,163911,163913,163915],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163900,81652],{"class":66},[60,163902,71],{"class":70},[60,163904,75],{"class":74},[60,163906,1345],{"class":1402},[60,163908,88],{"class":74},[60,163910,10303],{"class":1402},[60,163912,88],{"class":74},[60,163914,8791],{"class":1402},[60,163916,108],{"class":74},[60,163918,163919],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163920,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,163922,163923,163925,163927,163929,163932,163934,163936,163938,163940,163942,163944],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,163924,6960],{"class":2665},[60,163926,57868],{"class":66},[60,163928,88],{"class":74},[60,163930,163931],{"class":66}," b ",[60,163933,2672],{"class":2665},[60,163935,162275],{"class":142},[60,163937,130],{"class":74},[60,163939,112719],{"class":126},[60,163941,88],{"class":74},[60,163943,81695],{"class":126},[60,163945,9337],{"class":74},[60,163947,163948,163950,163952,163954,163956,163958],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,163949,9064],{"class":142},[60,163951,130],{"class":74},[60,163953,3569],{"class":126},[60,163955,5690],{"class":70},[60,163957,3574],{"class":126},[60,163959,136],{"class":74},[20,163961,153],{},[51,163963,163965],{"className":53,"code":163964,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163966,163967,163971,163975],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163968,163969],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163970,4983],{"class":1611},[60,163972,163973],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,163974,5044],{"class":1611},[60,163976,163977],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,163978,4983],{"class":1611},[415,163980,163982],{"id":163981},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[51,163984,163986],{"className":53,"code":163985,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163987,163988,164023,164046,164050,164077],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,163989,163990,163993,163995,163997,163999,164001,164003,164005,164007,164010,164012,164014,164016,164019,164021],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,163991,163992],{"class":66},"products ",[60,163994,71],{"class":70},[60,163996,75],{"class":74},[60,163998,79],{"class":78},[60,164000,26134],{"class":82},[60,164002,79],{"class":78},[60,164004,88],{"class":74},[60,164006,91],{"class":78},[60,164008,164009],{"class":82},"Pen",[60,164011,79],{"class":78},[60,164013,88],{"class":74},[60,164015,91],{"class":78},[60,164017,164018],{"class":82},"Bag",[60,164020,79],{"class":78},[60,164022,108],{"class":74},[60,164024,164025,164027,164029,164031,164034,164036,164039,164041,164044],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164026,84021],{"class":66},[60,164028,71],{"class":70},[60,164030,75],{"class":74},[60,164032,164033],{"class":1402},"12.5",[60,164035,88],{"class":74},[60,164037,164038],{"class":1402}," 1.2",[60,164040,88],{"class":74},[60,164042,164043],{"class":1402}," 25.0",[60,164045,108],{"class":74},[60,164047,164048],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,164049,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,164051,164052,164054,164056,164058,164061,164063,164065,164067,164070,164072,164075],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,164053,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164055,26195],{"class":66},[60,164057,88],{"class":74},[60,164059,164060],{"class":66}," price ",[60,164062,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164064,162275],{"class":142},[60,164066,130],{"class":74},[60,164068,164069],{"class":126},"products",[60,164071,88],{"class":74},[60,164073,164074],{"class":126}," prices",[60,164076,9337],{"class":74},[60,164078,164079,164081,164083,164085,164087,164089,164091,164093,164096,164098,164100,164102,164104],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,164080,9064],{"class":142},[60,164082,130],{"class":74},[60,164084,23288],{"class":3082},[60,164086,79],{"class":82},[60,164088,10275],{"class":1402},[60,164090,28002],{"class":126},[60,164092,23297],{"class":1402},[60,164094,164095],{"class":82}," costs $",[60,164097,10275],{"class":1402},[60,164099,26143],{"class":126},[60,164101,23297],{"class":1402},[60,164103,79],{"class":82},[60,164105,136],{"class":74},[20,164107,37590,164108,123],{},[551,164109,164111],{"href":164110},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[46,164113,164115,164116],{"id":164114},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,164117,65294],{},[415,164119,9449,164121,164123],{"id":164120},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,164122,65294],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,164125,164126,164128],{},[15,164127,65294],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,164130,164131],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[51,164133,164135],{"className":53,"code":164134,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,164136,164137],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164138,164139,164141,164143,164145,164147,164149,164151,164153,164155,164157],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164140,143],{"class":142},[60,164142,130],{"class":74},[60,164144,12157],{"class":142},[60,164146,130],{"class":74},[60,164148,112719],{"class":126},[60,164150,10231],{"class":74},[60,164152,39374],{"class":142},[60,164154,130],{"class":74},[60,164156,81918],{"class":126},[60,164158,1042],{"class":74},[415,164160,164162],{"id":164161},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,164164,69811],{},[51,164166,164168],{"className":53,"code":164167,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,164169,164170,164206,164210,164223,164233,164237,164249],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164171,164172,164174,164176,164178,164180,164182,164184,164186,164188,164190,164192,164194,164196,164198,164200,164202,164204],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164173,10213],{"class":66},[60,164175,71],{"class":70},[60,164177,162275],{"class":142},[60,164179,2652],{"class":74},[60,164181,1432],{"class":1402},[60,164183,88],{"class":74},[60,164185,1437],{"class":1402},[60,164187,19055],{"class":74},[60,164189,75],{"class":74},[60,164191,79],{"class":78},[60,164193,551],{"class":82},[60,164195,79],{"class":78},[60,164197,88],{"class":74},[60,164199,91],{"class":78},[60,164201,2258],{"class":82},[60,164203,79],{"class":78},[60,164205,2677],{"class":74},[60,164207,164208],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164209,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,164211,164212,164214,164216,164218,164221],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,164213,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164215,2669],{"class":66},[60,164217,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164219,164220],{"class":66}," pairs",[60,164222,7392],{"class":74},[60,164224,164225,164227,164229,164231],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,164226,9064],{"class":142},[60,164228,130],{"class":74},[60,164230,2659],{"class":126},[60,164232,136],{"class":74},[60,164234,164235],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,164236,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,164238,164239,164241,164243,164245,164247],{"class":62,"line":4416},[60,164240,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164242,2669],{"class":66},[60,164244,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164246,164220],{"class":66},[60,164248,7392],{"class":74},[60,164250,164251,164253,164255,164257],{"class":62,"line":7414},[60,164252,9064],{"class":142},[60,164254,130],{"class":74},[60,164256,2659],{"class":126},[60,164258,136],{"class":74},[20,164260,164261],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[415,164263,164265],{"id":164264},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,164267,164268],{},"This is correct:",[51,164270,164272],{"className":53,"code":164271,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,164273,164274,164298,164314,164318,164342],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164275,164276,164278,164280,164282,164284,164286,164288,164290,164292,164294,164296],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164277,454],{"class":66},[60,164279,71],{"class":70},[60,164281,75],{"class":74},[60,164283,79],{"class":78},[60,164285,463],{"class":82},[60,164287,79],{"class":78},[60,164289,88],{"class":74},[60,164291,91],{"class":78},[60,164293,472],{"class":82},[60,164295,79],{"class":78},[60,164297,108],{"class":74},[60,164299,164300,164302,164304,164306,164308,164310,164312],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164301,6064],{"class":66},[60,164303,71],{"class":70},[60,164305,75],{"class":74},[60,164307,14494],{"class":1402},[60,164309,88],{"class":74},[60,164311,14499],{"class":1402},[60,164313,108],{"class":74},[60,164315,164316],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,164317,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,164319,164320,164322,164324,164326,164328,164330,164332,164334,164336,164338,164340],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,164321,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164323,36982],{"class":66},[60,164325,88],{"class":74},[60,164327,6106],{"class":66},[60,164329,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164331,162275],{"class":142},[60,164333,130],{"class":74},[60,164335,507],{"class":126},[60,164337,88],{"class":74},[60,164339,6111],{"class":126},[60,164341,9337],{"class":74},[60,164343,164344,164346,164348,164350,164352,164354],{"class":62,"line":319},[60,164345,9064],{"class":142},[60,164347,130],{"class":74},[60,164349,8666],{"class":126},[60,164351,88],{"class":74},[60,164353,131822],{"class":126},[60,164355,136],{"class":74},[20,164357,164358],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[51,164360,164362],{"className":53,"code":164361,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,164363,164364,164384],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164365,164366,164368,164370,164372,164374,164376,164378,164380,164382],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164367,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164369,2669],{"class":66},[60,164371,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164373,162275],{"class":142},[60,164375,130],{"class":74},[60,164377,507],{"class":126},[60,164379,88],{"class":74},[60,164381,6111],{"class":126},[60,164383,9337],{"class":74},[60,164385,164386,164388,164390,164392],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164387,9064],{"class":142},[60,164389,130],{"class":74},[60,164391,2659],{"class":126},[60,164393,136],{"class":74},[20,164395,153],{},[51,164397,164399],{"className":53,"code":164398,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,164400,164401,164417],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164402,164403,164405,164407,164409,164411,164413,164415],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164404,130],{"class":74},[60,164406,356],{"class":78},[60,164408,463],{"class":82},[60,164410,356],{"class":78},[60,164412,88],{"class":74},[60,164414,20892],{"class":1402},[60,164416,136],{"class":74},[60,164418,164419,164421,164423,164425,164427,164429,164431],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164420,130],{"class":74},[60,164422,356],{"class":78},[60,164424,472],{"class":82},[60,164426,356],{"class":78},[60,164428,88],{"class":74},[60,164430,14499],{"class":1402},[60,164432,136],{"class":74},[20,164434,164435],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[415,164437,9413,164439,164441,164442],{"id":164438},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,164440,65294],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,164443,36743],{},[20,164445,171,164446,164448],{},[15,164447,65294],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,164450,171,164451,164453],{},[15,164452,36743],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[51,164455,164456],{"className":53,"code":36910,"language":55,"meta":56,"style":56},[15,164457,164458,164490,164494,164514],{"__ignoreMap":56},[60,164459,164460,164462,164464,164466,164468,164470,164472,164474,164476,164478,164480,164482,164484,164486,164488],{"class":62,"line":63},[60,164461,454],{"class":66},[60,164463,71],{"class":70},[60,164465,75],{"class":74},[60,164467,79],{"class":78},[60,164469,463],{"class":82},[60,164471,79],{"class":78},[60,164473,88],{"class":74},[60,164475,91],{"class":78},[60,164477,472],{"class":82},[60,164479,79],{"class":78},[60,164481,88],{"class":74},[60,164483,91],{"class":78},[60,164485,481],{"class":82},[60,164487,79],{"class":78},[60,164489,108],{"class":74},[60,164491,164492],{"class":62,"line":111},[60,164493,305],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":304},[60,164495,164496,164498,164500,164502,164504,164506,164508,164510,164512],{"class":62,"line":139},[60,164497,6960],{"class":2665},[60,164499,36815],{"class":66},[60,164501,88],{"class":74},[60,164503,36959],{"class":66},[60,164505,2672],{"class":2665},[60,164507,36825],{"class":142},[60,164509,130],{"class":74},[60,164511,507],{"class":126},[60,164513,9337],{"class":74},[60,164515,164516,164518,164520,164522,164524,164526],{"class":62,"line":308},[60,164517,9064],{"class":142},[60,164519,130],{"class":74},[60,164521,36840],{"class":126},[60,164523,88],{"class":74},[60,164525,36982],{"class":126},[60,164527,136],{"class":74},[20,164529,164530,164531,123],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[551,164532,163,164533,1579],{"href":92994},[15,164534,36743],{},[46,164536,2804],{"id":2803},[415,164538,2846,164540,6145],{"id":164539},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,164541,65294],{},[20,164543,164544],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[415,164546,2808,164548,164550],{"id":164547},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,164549,65294],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,164552,164553],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[415,164555,164557,164558,2863],{"id":164556},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,164559,65294],{},[20,164561,164562,164563,123],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,164564,163170],{},[415,164566,164568,164569,2863],{"id":164567},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,164570,65294],{},[20,164572,129188,164573,164575],{},[15,164574,163323],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[415,164577,164579],{"id":164578},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,164581,164582],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[46,164584,2870],{"id":2869},[33,164586,164587,164592,164598,164602,164606],{},[36,164588,164589],{},[551,164590,164591],{"href":164110},"How to use zip in Python",[36,164593,164594],{},[551,164595,163,164596,1579],{"href":92994},[15,164597,36743],{},[36,164599,164600],{},[551,164601,6217],{"href":6588},[36,164603,164604],{},[551,164605,70664],{"href":70587},[36,164607,164608],{},[551,164609,33253],{"href":32078},[2912,164611,164612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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values))",{"id":163490,"depth":139,"text":163491},{"id":42031,"depth":111,"text":42032,"children":164630},[164631,164632,164633,164634],{"id":163652,"depth":139,"text":163653},{"id":163769,"depth":139,"text":163770},{"id":163870,"depth":139,"text":163871},{"id":163981,"depth":139,"text":163982},{"id":164114,"depth":111,"text":164636,"children":164637},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164638,164640,164641,164642],{"id":164120,"depth":139,"text":164639},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":164161,"depth":139,"text":164162},{"id":164264,"depth":139,"text":164265},{"id":164438,"depth":139,"text":164643},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2803,"depth":111,"text":2804,"children":164645},[164646,164648,164650,164652,164654],{"id":164539,"depth":139,"text":164647},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":164547,"depth":139,"text":164649},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":164556,"depth":139,"text":164651},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":164567,"depth":139,"text":164653},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":164578,"depth":139,"text":164579},{"id":2869,"depth":111,"text":2870},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":162176,"description":164656},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944949232]